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::::^oe.    S 


c   ' 


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BOSTON 
PUBLIC 
LIBI^RY 


PRIZES 

Loaisiaaa  Pur> 

chase  Exposition 

1904 

GOLD    MEDAL 

Paris  Exposition 

1900 

GOLD    MEDAL 

Pan=American 

EXPOSITION 

1901 

IMPROVED  SWEET  CORN. 

Aside  from  the  excellence  of  OUR  CATALOGUE  and  its  artistic  merit,  and  the  fact  that 
it  contains  the  largest  assortment  of  high- class  seeds  of  any  garden  annual  published,  it  is  in- 
valuable either  to  the  amateur  or  professional  gardener  as  a  guide  to  hortiaUture,  and  will  be  found 
indispensable. 

Our  SEED  GATALOGUE,  ready   January   1 
Our  BULB  GATALOGUE,  ready   August   15 

WE    MAIL    THEM    FREE. 


I 


J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO. 

(  1>ATE  OF  36  CORTLANDT  STREET.  ) 

33  BARCLAY  STREET,  through  to  38  PARK  PLACE 
,  -.  NEW  YORK 

- — 14 — I 


OUR  SANITARY   AND   DUSTLESS 
HOUSE-CLEANING  MACHINERY 

STATIONARY 
PLANTS  for  private 
residences,  country 
homes  and  the  like. 
It  is  inexpensive, 
dustless,  and  the 
maid  can  operate  it 
more  easily  and 
effectively  than 
broom-sweeping. 
This  plant  is  sold 
complete  with  mo- 
tor, air  compressor 
and  all  tools  neces- 
sary for  cleaning  a 
house  perfectly. 
The  '*  dustless  method  "  removes  all  the  dust  and  disease  germs 
from  the  house,  renovates  and  disinfects  the  carpets,  furniture, 
draperies,  decorations,  ceilings  and  walls.  It  does  this  without 
taking  up  carpets  or  removing  the  furniture.  House  cleaning 
does  not  disturb  the  household  and  the  work  is  done  in  one- 
fourth  the  time  it  can  be  accomplished  by  any  other  method. 
Write  for  full  description  and  estimate.    State  size  of  house, 

PRIVATE  PLANTS  for  Office  Buildings,  Hotels,  Theatres  and  Department 
Stores.  These  plants  use  compressed  air  and  vacuum  combined  or  separately, 
and  are  sold  complete,  ready  for  installation,  with  all  the  tools  necessary  for 
cleaning  walls,  draperies,  carpets,  wood  or  marble  floors. 

STATIONARY  PLANTS  for  Professional  Carpet  Cleaners,  $480.00  and 
up.     Any  size  and  capacity. 

PORTABLE  CLEANING  OUTFIT,  mounted  on  light,  extra 
strong  wagons,  for  residential  house-cleaning  business.  A  good 
business  can  be  done  with  these  machines  in  any  town  of  5,000 
population  or  more.  With  a  capital  -of  $2,000  and  up,  a 
plant  can  be  installed  which  has  an  earning  capacity  of  h*om 
$40.00  to  $70.00  per  day,  at  an  expense  of  $8.00  per  day. 

We  sure  the  inventors  and  pioneers  in  this  business  and  operate  under  the 
first  letters  patent  ever  issued  for  a  compressed  air  house-cleaning  machine. 
We  sell  exclusive  city  rights  and  protect  the  purchaser  in  the  enjoyment  of  his 
rights.     All  infringers  are  vigorously  prosecuted. 

Our  full  descriptive  catalogue  and  testimonials  will  be  sent  on  request. 

Estimates  will  be  promptly  furnished. 

General  Compressed  Air  and  Vacuum  Machinery  Co. 

4492  OUVE  STREET.  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 

II 


Pounded  1863. 


locorporated  1896. 


Invite   all   dealers  in  reliable  goods  to    apply  at   once 
for  the   tbirty-sixth    annual    issue    of   Our   unabridged 


It  embraces  five  bundred  big  pages,  more  tban  thirty  thousand 
engravings  and  ove&  one  hundred  thousand  important  items 
In  staple,  quick  selling  and  prolitable. 


fti>li*i>l<l:Via»A^hl!<ii.HiV 


It  is  the  aclcnoivledged  leader  of  fashions  and  standard  au- 
thority in  the  American  Metropolis  for  choice  and  dependable 
goods  and  low  prices. 

Sent  to  Dealers  at  onr  Expense  upon  Request* 


MANUFACTURERS,    IMPORTERS,     EXPORTERS,     AND     WHOLESALERS 
Cutters   and    Mounters  of  Diamonds,  Etc. 

THE  S.  F.  MYERS'  BUILDINGS,       _  \W 

47F  and  49  Maiden  Lane, 

New  York. 


Foremost 

Concern  In  ihe  World 

Of  its  Kiad. 


Finest 

Wholesale  Salesrooms 

in  New  York. 


Ill 


THER'S 


Is  Not  Half  So  Soothing  to 
Baby  as 

>Irs. 

Winslo^v's 
Soothing 
Syrup 

As  Millions  of  Mothers 

Will  Tell  You. 

It  Soothes  the  Child, 

It  Softens  the  Gums, 

It  Allays  all  Pain, 

It  Cures  Wind  Colic, 

It  is  the  Best  Remedy  for  Diarrhoea. 

is   absolutely   harmless   and   for   over   sixty   years    has 
the  best  remedy  for  children  while  teething. 

BE  SURE  YOU  ASK  FOR 

Mrs.Winslow^'s  Soothing  Syrup 

AND  TAKE    NO   OTHER. 

Guaranteed  under  the  Food  and  Drugs  Act,  June  30,  1906, 
Serial  Number  1098. 


It 
proved 


IV 


1     I  J'T 


A  COMPLETE  LINE  OF  SMALL  SAFES  FOR  THE  HOME, 
DOCTOR,  LAWYER,  ANY  KIND  OF  PRIVATE  USE 

Meilink's  High  Test  Safe 

A  Special  Line  of  Safes  for  Office  and  General  Business  use, 
containing  a  lot  of  Special  Features.  Vertical  Filing.  Specially 
arranged  for  Flat  Filing  of   ail   kinds   of  Loose    Leaf    Books. 


The  ONLY  Safes 

Guaranteed 

against  Dampness, 

Rusted  Bolt  Work 

and 

Swollen  Walls 


One-half 

the  weight  of  other 

oafes 

with  equal  inside 

capacity. 
Easy  to  handle 


PRICES  FROM  $8.00  UP 
GET  ON  BARGAIN  LIST  IF  YOU  WANT  A  CHEAP  SAFE 


FREE  ^  ^O'Page  Catalogue  Showing 
•:  All  Styles  and  Sizes  -  -  - 


7%e  Meilink  Mfg.  Co. 

« 

1 002  Jackson  Street,  -  -  Toledo,  Ohio 


"Merchant's  Old  Method" 

Hi^h-Grade 


THIS  ROOFING  PLATE  IS 
RECOGNIZED  BY  LEADING 
ARCHITECTS  AND  ENGI- 
NEERS AS  BEING  THE 
VERY  BEST   PROCURABLE 

IT  IS  CONSIDERED  SO  BY 
THE  U.  S.    GOVERNMENT 
IN    THE   VARIOUS    ENGI 
NEERING  and  CONSTRUC- 
TION   DEPARTMENTS 


IT  IS  ABSOLUTELY  RELUBLE 
AND  OF  UNIFORM  QUALITY 


The  FIRE= RETARDING 
''Star"     VENTILATOR 

A  New  Device 


storm  Proof 
Effective 


The 

•^ 

top 

_^iflBT^^' '        n 

of  this 
ventl-   C 

^  ^^^^^BB^SBmt^i 

lator 

is 

mov= 

/ 

able 

LK.^*^ 

verti= 

^'Jal 

1 

caily 
by  a 

I       -.          ,   ■ 

\  Fu,.M,ULl 

lever  arran  ement,  contiolled  by  a  chain 
with  FUSIBLE  LINK,  and  the  top  closes 
by  gravity. 

The  Top  is  also  a  damper  in  itself, 
partially  or  wholly  closable  at  any 
time. 


Brass  and  Copper 

Tubes,  Sheets,  Rods 

SEAMLESS  DRAWN  TUBES, 

SHEET  BRASS  FOR  SPINNING, 

STAMPING  AND  DRAWING, 

Cornice*  Roofing  and  Braziers' 
Copper, 
Drawn  Copper  Bars  for 
Electrical  Purposes, 

Iron  Size  Brass  Pipe  for  Plumb* 
ifig,  etc. 


WE  MAKE 


DIIT  ttfims 


FOR  ALL  PURPOSES 


Linotype,  Monotype, 

Stereotype,  Electrotype, 

Composotype  and  Autoplate, 

And  all  Special  Alloys  of 
Similar  Nature 


HIGHEST    QUALITY 


Merchant  &  Evans  Co. 


1^.  u.  s. 


Successor  to  MERCHANT  &  CO.,  Inc. 


Pliiladelphia 
New  York 


Brooklyn 
('bicaeo 


Baltimore 
Kansas  City 


Denver     pg^.  Off." 


VI 


A  Barrel  of  WUskcy 

00 


*^l^*#*#*#* 

FORj:: 

;. 

Guaranteed 

^^rW^F  ^^"l***            ■.'■■■''.■ 'j^^^K^ 

r  ^r^^m/ 

ffffi          ftmA 

SEVEN 

((([           [tf 

-Muj 

YEARS 
OLD. 

*********** 

y^S^S^^^^-^                                  ^^L  ^fcF^ 

1    'Se 

PURE  , 


.OLD 


Shipped 
Direct  from 
Distillery  to 
Consumer. 


On  receipt  of  $3  we  will  ship  you  one  gallon  barrel 
of  our  celebrated  seven-year-old  F.  P.  R.  Whiskey. 
Each  barrel  has  a  neat  brass  spigot,  a  drinking  glass 
and  stand,  and  packed  in  plain  case.  We  guarantee 
this  whiskey  equal  to  any  $6  quality.  We  ship  direct 
from  our  distillery  to  the  consumer  at  wholesale 
prices.     Try  a  barrel. 


Write  for  big  circular  of   other  goods  we  put  up 
in  our  Baby  Barrels. 


J.  H.  FRIEDENWALD  &  CO. 


90-92-94-96-98- J  00  N.  Eutaw  St., 


BALTIMORE,  MD. 


REFERENCES  :  Western  National  Bank,  or  any  Comraerdal  Agency. 


VII 


HAWKINS'  ENGINEER'S  LIBRARY 

Is  intended  for  steam  engineers  and  assistant  engineers  who  may  desire  to  obtain  a  n-.ore  tliorouch 
knowledge  of  ttie  principles  and  practices  of  modern  steam  engineering  and  electricity  These 
works,  which  are  now  accepted  as  standard,  are  the  most  helpful  books  published  as  up-to-dat. 
self-helps  for  busy  men.  Convenient  in  size  and  fully  illustrated;  handsomely  bound  and  are 
supplied  on  on«  dollar  payments  to  responsible   parties  ^^^^^,  «uu  are 


1. 
2. 
3. 

4, 
5. 
6. 
7. 


LIST 

IlaTvkiii!!!'  Self-Tlelp    J>Feolianioal  Drawing           -           »           -  -  . 

Hawkins'  New  Catechi««ni  of  Flectrioity      -           -            -            -  -  . 

Hawkins'  Aids  to  Ensineprs'  Examinations          -            -            -  -  . 

(With  Questions  and  Answers.) 
HaiiV'kins'  Maxims    and    Instrnctions    fnr  the    Boiler   Room 

Hawkins'  Handboolc  of  Calculations  for  Engineers       -            -  -  . 

Hawkins'  New  Catechism   of  tlie   Steam   Engine             -            «  ■  . 
Hawkins'  Indicator  Catechism   (a  Practical   Treatise) 

NOTE. — ^When  set  is  purchased,  the  seven  volumes  are  supplied  for  $12.00,  being  a  reductiou  of  $1,00  from 

SEND  POSTAL  FOR  HAWKINS'  CATALOG. 
-SI    MONTHLY    PAYMENTS' 


The  books  are  s^Id  on  easy  payments  ;  the  set,  seven  volumes,  price  $12. 00,  will  be  sent  express  prepaid,  to  any 
address  in  receipt  of  fl.0i>,  and  agreement  t  >  pay  balance  in  montiily  installments  of  $l.iiO.  Eaih  volume  is  complete  in 
itself;  otie,  two,  three,  four  or  five  bo  iks  of  the  series  will  be  sent  on  the  sanie  eisy  terms,  that  is,  $1.00  with  order  an. I 
remainder  of  the  purchase  money  $1.00  monthly. 


-CUT  OUT  AND  MAIL  TO=DAY- 


I  accept  your  offer  to  supply  me  with  HAWKINS'  ENGINEER  S  LIBRARY  {seven 
volumes)  for  ^12.  Etuilo-ied  find  $1  as  first  payment;  the  balance  I  promise  to  remit  in  $1 
monthly  installments. 

Name Occupoiion 

Address 

You  are  at  liberty  to  consult  the  person  named  beloio  as  to  my  reputation  for  keeping  busi- 
ness promises. 

Name  

Address 

W.  A.  '08.       r 


THEO.   AIDEL    &   COMPANY,    Publishers     ^^ew^Yorifcity"^ 


VIII 


Let  Me  Sell   Your 

My  Book  Explaining  How 
MAUIDJREK 

Patent  Sales 
EXCLUSIVELY. 

(SEVENTEEN  YEARS  EXPERIENCE) 
{Established   1890) 

If  you  have  United  States  or  Foreign 
Patents   for   Sale,  call   on    or  write 

William  E.  Hoyt. 

Patent  Sales  Specialist 

290  (A)  Broadway,  '^Te^'^'^^^^ty. 


Electrical  Novelties  and  Electrical  Supplies. 


ELECTllICITY,  greatest  force  of  the   age.     Everyone  should  understand   it.      Telephones,  call 

bells,  clocks,   dynamos,   and    searchlights— time  and  trouble    savers.      Electric  motors,  locomotives, 

scarf  pins,  canes,  telegraph  outfits,  tops,  induction  coils,  etc.     "Magic"  Electric  articles,  easy  to  buy, 

easy  to  operate.    Simple,  safe,  clean.     Big  Catalogue  free. 

EliECTRICAl..  SKARCHIilCJHT— Illustrated  above,  $1.00.  Useful  every- 
where.   Lasts  years.    Many  other  styles. 

PltlVATJK  TEI.l;^H()^E— Practical  time-saver.  Soon  pays 
for  itself.  Connects  house  to  barn ;  bouse  to  office  ;  two  complete 
instruments;  $7.00. 

TELEGRAPH  OUTFIT  (Telegraphers  are  well  paid),  $2.2.5. 

MEDlCAJi  BATTER  Y— Invaluable  for  rheumatism.insoinnia, 
nervous  troubles;  complete,  $2.50. 

ELECTRIC  DYNAMOS  AND^MOTORS-75c.  up.  Run 
mechanical  toys,  sewing  machines.    Midget  dynamos,  14.50. 

EEECTKIC  CLOCKS— Good  time-keepers;  allstyles,$3.75  up. 

ELECTRIC  LOCOMOTIVES-For  children.  $5.00  up. 

Catalogue  contains  over  100  useful  articles.    Free  on  request.    Mention 
World  Almanac.    We  can  save  you  money. 

Aurents  make  big  money  selling  our  goods.     All  you  need  do  is  show  them  to  your  friends.    Increase 
your  income  without  interfering  with  raguLir  work.     Write  for  particulars. 

U.NA/.  ScribnerSe  Oo.,  2SO  IMiagarsi  St.,"rona  vs^si  nda,  IM.  V  . 

IX 


SEND  FOR 

FREE  BOOKS 

...  ON ... 

Horses,  Cattle, 
Sheep,  Swine, 
Dogs  and  Cats 


How  to  Care  for 
Them,  Sick  or  Well 

FULL    HOME  TREATMENT  MAILED   FREE 

....ADDRESS..., 

DR.  A.    C.  DANIELS,  Inc. 

172  Milk  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Largest  Manufacturer  of  Veterinary  Medicines  in  the  World 

Mention  this  Book 

Established  in  1882. 

FRANKLIN  H.  HOUGH 

Tlttorneysat'Law  and 
Solicitor  of  Patents 

Washington  Loan  and  Trust  Bldg. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  and  in  the  District  Courts. 
Patents  secured  in  the  United  States  and  in  all  foreign  countries.  Examinations  as 
to  patentability.    Opinions  furnished  as  to  scope  and  validit}'  of  Patents,  etc 

NO  CHARGE  FOR  OPINION  AS  TO  PATENTABILITY  OF  INVENTIONS.  Write 
for  "  Inventors'  Guide." 

EVERY  INCH   OP  OUR   BEUTING  GOARANTfeCO 


TANNED 


AND 

UCE    LIEATHgR 


Camheld  St. 

Near  Mark«t^&  Broad  Sl-s. 
' ""^^"ST^   NFMTARK   N  .1         OUR  WATERPROOf  LEATHER  BRJWe 


r" 


BUY  DIRECT  FROM  FACTORY,  THE  BE3T 

MIXED  PAINTS 

At  Wholesale  Prices  and  Save  Dealer's  Profts 

FROM   THE   OLDEST  MIXED    PAINT  HOUSE    IN  AMERICA 

Manufacturers  of  INGERSOLL  LIQUID  PAINTS,  proved  by  65  years' 
use  to  be  the  most  durable  and  color  lasting.     Indorsed  by  the  Grange. 

SAVEONE-HALFpaKlls 


When  you  buy  paints  from  the  store  or 
supply  house,  only  half  your  money  goes 
to  the  man  who  made  the  paint — the  other 
half  is  divided  between  the  wholesale 
dealer,  travelling  salesman  and  local  store- 
keeper, to  cover  their  profits  and  expenses. 
Quite  a  lot  of  people  for  you  to  help  support. 

The  store  is  nearer  your  house,  but  J  a??; 
nearer  to  you.  I  am  a  manufacturer  and 
deal  direct  with  you,  not  through  a  whole 
chain  of  middlemen,  each  going  into  your 
pocket  for  his  share  of  profit. 


You  save  all  dealer^s  profits  by  buying 
"direct  from  Ingersoll,"  and  receive  full 
value  for  your  money  in  the  Best  Faint. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  FREE 

TelLs   the  whole  story— all   about   paint 

and  painting  for  durability.  How  to  avoid 
the  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paints 
fading,  chalking,  and  peeling;  valuable  in- 
formation free  to  youjwith  Beautiful  Sample 
Cards.  If  you  want  paint,  write  me.  Do  it 
now.  lean  save  you Tioney*  Satisfaction 
fiuarantted. 

0.  W.  INGERSOLL,  Prop, 

233   Plymouth   St,    BROOKLYN,  N.    Y. 


Established  1853. 


,  Telephones-!  ::i|jj§§f-:: 

Cable  Address— "RATHSOX^N.  Y." 


ROBERT  C.  RATHBOXE,  Pres. 

R.  BLKKCKKR  RATHBONE,  V.-Pres. 

FRANK  J.   LEYDEN DECKER,  Sec. 

CHAS.  C.  HUNT,  Asst.  Sec. 

NORMAN  P.  HICKS.  Treas. 

R.  C.  RATHBONE  2d,  Couusel.- 


R.  C.    RATHBONE   &  SON 

(INCORPORATED) 

INSURANCE  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES 

45  WILLIAM    STREET,   NEW  YORK   CITY 

Fire,  Marine,  and  Railroad  Insurance  effected  on  property  located  in  any  part  of 
the  United  States.  Life,  Accident,  Casualty,  Liability,  Fidelity,  Bond,  Rent,  Elevator, 
Boiler,  Sprinkler,  Burglary  ai.d  Theft,  Tornado,  and  Plate  Glass  Insurance. 

We  have  AGENTS  and  CORRESPONDENTS  in  all  principal  cities  and  abroad,  and 
have  special  facilities  for  negotiating  Insurance  for  Manufacturers,  Merchants,  Railroads, 
and  property  owners  generally,  at  lo\vest4)ossible  rates,  coupled  with  safest  indemnity. 

Our  INSPECTION  DEPARTMENT  will  analyze  present  Insurance  Rates  on  our 
clients'  properties  for  the  purpose  of  discovering  errors  and  overcharges  ;  and  will  also 
suggest  such  changes  and  improvements  as  will  tend  to  reduce  the  cost  of  their  insurance. 

We  ADJUST  ALL  LOSSES  for  our  customers  without  charge  for  our  services,  and 
have  collected  millions  of  dollars  during  the  past  50  years.  We  have  our  own  specialists 
in  all  branches  of  insurance,  whose  technical  knowledge  and  experience  enable  us  to 
give  best  results  to  our  clients. 

We  maintain  a  LAW  DEPARTMENT  in  charge'  of  our  own  Counsel,  who  passes  upon 
aU  policies  issued  through  our  office  and  assists  in  the  collection  of  our  clients'  losses.  This 
Department  is  at  the  service  of  our  clients  in  all  matters  connected  with  insurance  law. 

XI 


Secured  Promptly  and  'with  Special  Regard  to 
the  Legal  Protection  of  the  Invention 

Hand-Book  for  Inventors  and  Manufacturers  sent  free  upon  request. 

Consultation  Free.    No  charge  for  opinion  as  to  the  patentability  and  Commercial  Value  of 

Inventors'  Ideas. 

Highest  References  from  Prominent  Manufacturers. 

C  L.  PARKER,  Patent  Lawyer 

Patents.  Caveats,  Trade  Marks,  Copyrights,  Reports  as  to  Patentability, 
Validity  and  Infringement.     Patent  Suits  Conducted  in  all  States. 

REFERENCES:  Globe  Machine  ana  Stamping  Co.,  Murray  Engineering  Co.,  Morgan 
Machine  and  Engineering  Co.,  Berkshire  Specialty  Co.,  Stewart  Window  Shade  Co.,  Macon 
Shear  Co.,  Acme  Canopy  Co.,  Lippencott  Pencil  Co.,  Salisbury  Tire  Association  of  America, 
Inventors'  and  Investors'  Corporation,  Oakes Manufacturing  Co.,  Cox  ImplementCo.,  Columbus 
Buggy  Co.,  National  Index  Co.,  By-Products  Co.,  Alabama  Brewing  Co.,  National  Offset  Co., 
Antiseptic  Supply  Co.,  Richmond  Electric  Co.,  Railway  Surface  Contact  Supplies  Co., 
National  Electric  Works. 

Mr.  Parker  on  November  1,  1903,  after  having  been  a  member  of  the  Examining  Corps  of 
the  U.  S.  Patent  OflSce  for  over  five  years,  resigned  his  position  as  Examiner  to  take  up  the 
practice  of  patent  law. 

Address  234  Dietz  Building,  Washington.  D.  C. 


ALL  TYPES  OF  HOISTING  APPARATUS, 
FROM  HAND-POWER  DUMBWAITERS  TO 
OTIS  TRACTION  ELEVATORS,  ARE  MAN- 
UFACTURED   BY  THE  :         :         :         : 


OTIS  ELEVATOR  COMPANY 


ESTIMATES  AND  DRAWINGS  GLADLY 
FURNISHED  WITHOUT  CHARGE.  REPRE- 
SENTATIVE  WILL   CALL  UPON  REQUEST 


APPARATUS  ON  SALE  IN  NEW  YORK 

ALL    PRINCIPAL    CITIES  17  BATTERY  PLACE 

) 

XI  I 


;stabi_isme:d  isst 


The  cc 


\A/ALKEASV 


99 


ARXIFIOIAL     LEIG 


Combines  all  the  I^atest  Improvements.     Acknowleiljrecl  by  all  wearers  the 
Walk.,    most  ilurable,  eomt'oriable,  and  easiest  to  walk  on  of"  any    lei?  made.    Our 
easy      large  illustrated  catalogue,   "THE  MAKING  OF  A  MAN,"  sent  free  on  request. 


ELASTIC  HOSIERY 

Made  to  I>feasnre   from   Fresh 
(Stoekj  Insuring:  Best    Kesults. 

Duplicates  can  be  secured  at  any  time 
from  our  records. 

Self-Measurement  Blanks 
sent  on  request. 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 


ABDOMINAL  SUPPORTERS, 

SHOULDER  BRACES, 

DEFORMITY    APPLIANCES, 

JACKETS  FOR 

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CRUTCHES,  ETC. 


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Flat  Feet  Send  for  Catalogue.  Trusses  '1  hat  Fit 


Rranoh  Factories 


?       P>  L  J  i    L  F=^  F?     C^C^      ^^  sorxii  avenue 

BUFFALO,  BOSTON.  PHILADELPHIA. 

23  W.  Swan  .Street.  17  Bn.mfi^ll  St  etrt.  Ii30  Arch  Stre-t. 


ELECTRO-CHEMICAL    RING 

Trade-JIark,  E-C.     Copuriyht,  1904,  by  W.  Q.  Brownson. 

The  following  diseases  are  caused  by  acid  fn  the  blood,  and  are  cured  by  thig 
ring,  which  takes  from  twenty-four  hours  to  two  weeks,  according  to  disease  and 

circumstances.    The  ring  and  the  acid  create  an  electro-chemical  action,  removing  

the  acid  and  curing  the  disease.  Rheumatism— Articular,  Inflammatory,  Sciatic,  Muscular,  Gout, 
Lumbago,  Neuralgia,  Heart,  Fever.  Rheumatic  Paralysis — Typewriters,  Pen,  Operators,  or  wherever 
located.  Asthma,  Goitre,  Blood  Cancer,  Varicose  Veins,  Varicocele,  St.  Vitus's  Dance.  Nervous  ' Pros- 
tration, Acidity  of  Stomach  causing  Constipation,  Bright's  Disease,  Sugar  Diabetes,  Diabetes,  Dropsy, 
Prostatitis,  Congestion  of  Kidneys,  Catarrh  of  Bladder,  Gravel,  Gall-stone,  Stone  in  Bladder,  Calculi, 
Salt-rheum,  Psoriasis,  Painful  and  Excessive  Monthly  Periods,-  Epilepsy,  Chronic  Dysentery,  Bloody 
Flux,  Nosebleed,  and  all  Internal  Hemorrhages.  Price,  $2.00.  Gold-covered,  $4.00.  By  Mail  or  by 
Express,  Collect  on  Delivery.  Send  paper  size  of  finger.  Agents  wanted  at  places  not  taken.  Send 
for  additional  information.  The  S2.00  ring  is  sold  on  a  three  weeks'  guarantee  ;  ring  can  be  returned 
and  money  will  be  refunded  if  not  satisfactory.  Not  for  sale  by  jewellers  or  druggists.  Any  person 
who  uses  our  name  or  copies  from  our  advertising  is  fraudulently  trying  to  do  business  on  the  reputa- 
tion of  this  ring. 

This  ring  is  not  for  sale  by  wholesale  houses  or  any  firm  advertising  cheap  rings  and  can  only  be 
obtained  from  us  and  our  authorized  agents. 

PEOPLE  WHO  ARE  SUBJECT  TO  RHEUMATIC.  KIDNEY.  AND  ALL  ACID  DISEASES, 
HAVE  EXPERIMENTED  FOR  HUNDREDS  OF  YEARS,  AND  SPENT  MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS, 
TAKING  AND  APPLYING  REMEDIES.  The  time  will  certainly  come  when  intelligent  people  will 
not  submit  to  be  experimented  with  to  see  if  a  medicine  can  be  made  to  cure  acid  diseases. 

Any  reputable  physician  will  advise  you  that  a  permanent  cure  in  that  manner  is  impossible,  as 
the  acid  is  liable  to  accumulate  again  at  any  time  after  you  quit  using  the  best  remedies  known  to 
the  medical  profession.  That  acid  in  the  blood  caused  a  limited  number  of  diseases  has  always  been 
admitted,  but  the  knowledge  of  the  fact  that  an  -excess  of  acid  is  the  cause  of  so  many  diseases  of 
hitherto  unknown  pathology  has  been  a  revelation  to  the  medical  profession. 

Electricity,  if  applied  continuously,  and  in  the  proper  proportion,  will  remove  acid  from  the  blood 
and  this  is  admitted  by  all  who  are  good  authority  in  acid  diseases.  By  the  use 
of  the  Electro-Chemical  Ring  the  best  results  are  obtained  by  an  electro-chemical 
action,  as  it  acts  directly  on  the  acid,  reducing  the  intensity  and  quantity,  until 
there  is  no  surplus,  when  the  ring  will  quit  working,  and  will  work  only  when  it  is 
necessary  to  keep  the  acid  reduced. 

ELECTROCHEMICAL  RING  CO.,  116  I3th  St.,  TOLEDO,  OHIO. 

Xlli 


Our  Leading  Brands 


In  Bottles  Only 


BEER 


d^ 


omo' 


Bartholomay  Brewery  Co. 


Rochester,  N.  ¥. 


^ 


XIV 


^^.%S:#U^ 


CRE5CEU5  2:02'<, 


l>A«  PATCH  1^55 


.ymi- 


DAN  PATCH  1 :55.  The  Pacing  King, 

CRESCEUS  2:021/4,  The  Trotting  King. 


THIS    BEA 


UTIFUI.    RICTURE 
IN    6     BRIL.L.iAN 


T    COL.ORS 
MAIL.ED    TO    YOU    FREE 

We  have  just  pnbliehed  a  large,  colored  lithograph  of  the  above  Photo-Engraving,  which  shows  onr 
World  Famous  Stallions,  Dan  Patch  1:55  and  Creeceus  2:(fl}i,  i»  an  Exciting  Contest  and  at  Extreme 
Speed.  The  picture  is  16  by  21  inches  and  shows  both  horses  in  their  natural  colors  and  as  life-like  as  if 
you  saw  them  racing  on  the  track.  It  is  a  picture  that  would  sell  for  $2.00  if  gotten  out  in  a  small 
edition.  You  can  have  one  of  these  large  and  beautiful  colored  pictures  of  the  two  most  valuable  harness 
horse  stallions  and  champions  of  the  world,  absolutely  free  and  we  will  prepay  the  postage.  Thia  picture 
was  made  from  life  and  every  lover  of  a  great  horse  should  have  one. 


WRITE     FOR     ABOVE     PICTURE    AT    ONCE. 

let.  Name  the  book  in  which  you  saw  this  offer.  2nd,  State  how  many  live  stock  you  own  or  care  for 
and  then  we  will  mail  the  picture  promptly.  |^~  Picture  will  not  be  mailed  unless  you  give  ua  this 
information  and  address. 

INTERNATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD  CO.,  Minneapolis,  Minn..U.  S.  A. 
Jtt»*  3  FEEDS  FOR  ONB  CUNT  ^^ 

My  stallions,  Dan  Patch  1:55,  Orescens  2K)2K,  Directum  2^H,  Arion  2'fflH,  Roy  Wilkea  2.-06J^,  Bntton- 
wood  2:17  and  my  one  hundred  high-class  brood  mares  eat  "International  Stock  Food"  every  day. 
Dan  Patch  has  eaten  "International  Stock  Food"  every  day  for  over  four  years  and  during  this  time 
has  broken  Twelve  World  Records  and  his  physical  condition  has  been  marvelous.  It  will  pay  you  to 
use  it  for  your  Stallions,  Brood  Mares,  Colts,  Race  Horses,  Show  Horses,  Carriage  or  Coach  Horses 
and  Work  Horses  because  it  gives  more  Nerve  Force,  Endurance  and  Strength.  "International  Stock 
Food"  is  prepared  from  finely  powdered  medicinal  Roots,  Herbs,  Seeds  and  Barks  and  isfed  in  table- 
spoonful  amounts  as  an  addition  to  the  regular  grain  feed.  It  is  equally  good  and  very  profitable  to  use 
for  Horses  Colts,  Fattening  Cattle,  Cows,  Calves,  Hogs*  Pigs,  Sheep  or  Lambs,  because  it  Purifies  th« 
Blood,  Tones  Up  and  Permanently  Strengthens  the  Entire  System,  Keeps  them  Healthy  and 
Greatly  Aids  Digestion  and  Assimilation  so  that  each  animal  obtains  more  nutrition  from  all  grain 
eaten.  In  this  way  it  saves  grain  and  will  make  you  a  large  extra  profit.  We  have  thousands  of  reli- 
able testimonials  on  file  in  our  office,  and  every  pound  of  "International  Stock  Food"  is  sold  by  over 
125,000  dealers,  on  a  ''Spot  Cash  Guarantee"  to  refund  your  money  if  it  ever  fails.  Constantly  used  by 
over  two  million  stockmen  throughout  the  world .  If  you  desire  any  further  information  T  will  be 
pleased  to  have  you  write  me.  M.  W.  SAVAGE,  Prop,  of  * 

Inteknational  8tock  Food  Oo.  and  International  Stock  Food  Fabm. 


XV 


From  the  pages  of   •*  The  World's  Great  Writer " 

A  booklet*  publisliecl  by  us,  supplied  by  dealers  or  sent  upon   application  direct 

EVERYBODY  WRITES,  and  almost  everybody  should  use  a  fountain  pen.  Now-a-days 
one  is  lost  without  a  fountain  pen.  It  combines  pen  and  ink  so  perfectly  at  all 
times,  and  there  are  so  many  places  where  it  is  indispensable,  that  it  is  no  longer 
a  luxury,  but  a  necessity.  "Probably  there  is  no  article  that  serves  more  varied 
requirements,  and  the  needs  of  the  individual  users  differ  greatly.  Almost  everybody 
writes  differently.    Each  has  some  preference  in  the  selection  of  a  pen." 


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CUP-CAP,  as  shown  on  cut  at  left,  adds  to  above  prices: 
(German  Silver,  135c.;    Sterling  Sliver,  50c.;  18  Kt.  Gold  Filled,  $1.00;   14  Kt.  Solid  Gold,  $2.00 


Watermaji! 


bimtainPen 


The    pen     with     V^^V    the      Clip-Cek.p 
L,  E.  Waterman  Company,  173  Broadway,  N.  Y« 

8  .Scbool  Street,  Roston.    20JJ  State  Street,  Chicago.     13G  St.  James  Street,  Montreal. 
742  .>Iar.4.et  Street,  San  Francisco,        12  t^oldeii  Liane,  liOiidoii,  E.  C. 

XVI 


THE  INVENTOR  who  suffers  the   perilous   delusion   that  "a  patent,"  no 
matter  how  procured,  will  protect  him,  nuy  soon  learn  a  few  plain  facts 
from  our  book 

-  raxeiinit-seiinjse:  = 

which  may  save  him  from  the  total  loss  or  sacrifice  of  his   invention  and  the 

large  sum  of  money  representing  its  value. 

The  difference  between  patents  improperly  procured  and 

^    Patents  that  PROTECT 

is  the  same  as  the  difference  between  success  and  failure. 

Our  three  Books  for  Inventors— Pa/fn<  Sense,  Practical  Suggestions  for  inventors,  and 
The  Test  of  Patent  Value,  mailed,  any  address  on  receipt  of  six  cents  in  stamps. 

Our  book  of  Letters  In  Evidence  shows  the  financial  success  of  our  clifnts  with 
Patents  thSitPJiOTECT.  Aoi  merely  evidence  of  "patents  procured,"  blit  of 
patents  yielding  large  money  returns  to  the  inventors. 


RQ    JC»    A     R    I   ATPV     Solicitors  of  U.S.  and  Foreign  Patents 
.  O.  <X   /\,  D.  Iw/VVCI  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

(MENTION  WORLD  ALMA.NAC.) 


WALK  EASY  stop  that  jar  on  your 
r^=^=ssi=^i^    spine.    Prolong  your  life  by 

wearing  *'  Easy  Walker*' 

rubber  heels.  Patent  Attachment.  Attached  per- 
manently to  shoes  in  five  minutes.  Sold  by  all 
findings  dealers  and  shoemakers.  Get  the  genuine . 
Name  "Easy  Walker"  moulded  on  the  face 
of  every  heel.  Look  for  the  steel  holding  plate. 
See  how  the  gum  is  anchored  on  the  hollow  side 
of  the  heel. 

Manufactured  by  the 

SPRINGFIELD    ELASTIC   TREAD    CO. 
14=18  N.  Mechanic  St.,  Springfield,  Ohio 


Artificial  Legs,  with  Improved  Rubber  Feet;  Trusses,  Abdominal 
Belts,  Elastic  Hosiery,  Crutches,  Shoulder  Braces,  Appliances  for  Deaf- 
ness,  and  to  Correct  Deformities, 

A.  J.  DITMAN,  2  Barclay  Sire  t,  New  York 


In  writing  to  adver- 
tisers please  mention 
The  World  Almanac. 


is  valuable  in  proportion  to  its 
influence.  If  it  merely  liears  of 
vacancies  and  tells  TUflT  is  something,  but  if 
you  a  tout  tiiem  I  tin  I  it  is  asked  to  recom- 
mend a  teacher  and  recom- 
mends you,  tliatismore.    Ours 

G.     "W.     BARDEEN 


Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


XVII 


We  Sell  Patents 


To  BUY  them  (any  description),  or 
having  one  to  sell,  write  or  interview 

THE  CHARLES  A.  SCOTT  CO. 

(INCORPORATED.) 

The   Oldest    Exclusive    Patent   Sales    Business    in    America 

1075  Granite  Building,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


FOLDING  BATHTUB 


Weight,  16  lbs.  Costs 
little.  Reqiiire»«  lit- 
tle water.  Write  for 
special  offer. 

Russell  L.  Irwin,  103  Chambers  St.,  New  York 

$3.98  MUSOPHONE^" 

Loud  and  Clear  an  any  $20 
PUOAOtiKAPU. 

PlayH  Columbia  and  Edison 
Kecords. 

Russell  L.  Irwin,  103  Chambers  St.,New  York ' 


TURKISH 
TaERMAL. 
Oil  VAPOR 


IRWIN'S 
BATH  CABINETS 

With  them  you  can  have  in  your 
own  room  Sanitai  ium,  Hot  Springs, 
Turkish,  Russian,  Perfumed  or  any 
kind  of  Medicated  Vapor  Bath  at 
a  cost  of  about  2  cents  per  bath. 

No  Medicine,  Metliod  or  8yiitem 

known  cures  disease  so  easy 

quickly  and  efTectlvely. 

RUSSEI.L  L.  IRWIN 
103  Chambers  St.,  New  York 


Curtiss  Motorcycles  for  Business  or  Pleasure 

Easy  riding,  easy  control,  simple,  power- 
ful and  reliable.  These  machines  hold 
all  important  World's  Records  both  for 
Speed  and  Hill-Clirabing. 

Send  for  Catalog  F  and  our  booklet  on 
the  "FAMOUS  CURTISS  .>IILE.»» 

We  also  make  a  specialty  of  LICriHT- 
WEIGHT  MOTORS  UP  TO  lOO 
H.  P.  for  aerial  purposes. 

CURTISS  MFG,  CO. 

Hammondsport,  N.  Y. 

XVITI 


^^Unimatic"  Loose -Leaf  Books 


UNIMATIC  MEMO.  BOOK 


UNIMATIC  PRICE  BOOK 

FOR 

Vest  or  Coat  Pocket  and  Desk 


FLAT  OPENING 


SELF  INDEXING 


AVOID  RECOPYING    YOUR  RECORDS 

Loose-Leaf  Books 


WILL   SAVE   YOU 


time:  and  MONEY 
HAVE  YOU  SEEN  THE  "MAJESTIC"  LOOSE-LEAF  LEDGER? 

S.  &  T.  Loose-Leaf  Books 

SOLD    BY  ALL  LEADING   STATIONERS 

W0  MnniitnrfuYO  Fi)d>rvfhina  FROM  THE  VEST  POCKET  MEMO. 

ne  manuracture  Lveryming  to  largest  loose-leaf  ledger 

Ask  your  Stationer  for  5.  &  T,  Books 


Sieber  &  Trussell  Manufacturing  Co. 

4000-2-4-6  LACLEDE  AVENUE 

ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 


EASTERN   BRANCH: 
83  Diiaue  St.,  New  York  City 


XIX 


Every  Desirable  Feature  in  Its  Most  Practical  Form 

THE  NEW  MODEL 

L  C.  Smith  &  Bros.Typewriter 

Illustrates  the 
modern  writing 
machine  carried 
nearer  to  the 
point  of  abso- 
lute perfection 
than  any  other 
typewriter  in 
existence. 

SOME  NEW  FEATURES 

Gardner  Ball-Bearing  Typebar  Joint. — You  know  the  superiority  of  a 
ball-bearing  over  the  common  friction  bearing.  Our  lypebar  bearings  are 
made  of  steel  as  hsrd  and  as  smooth  as  glass.  Run  perfectly  free,  with- 
out play  and  without  friction. 

Instantaneous  Automatic  Ribbon  Reverse. — Works  in  the  fraction  of 
a  second,  without  an  ounce  of  ribbon  strain  or  any  added  key  tension. 
The  first  satisfactory  ribbon  reversing  device. 

The  New  Lightning  Escapement  for  ease  and  speed,  and  the  new 
Silent  Shift,  with  many  other  valuable  new  features,  combine  to  produce 

the  first  example  of  a  modern  writing    ma- 
chine complete  in  every  detail. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE  OF  NEW 
MODELS  FREE. 


I  he  writiiis 

ALWAYS* 

in  sigbt 


L.  C.  SMITH  &  BROS. 
TYPEWRITER  COMPANY, 

SYRACUSE,    N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 

Branch  Stores  and  Employment   Bureaus  in   all 


Itirue  cities. 


XX 


LET    US    SEND    YOU   THIS 


AUTOMATI  C 

IPENCIL   SHARPENER 

—  ij^     — 


50,000    IN    SATISFACTORY    USE 

OUR     OFFER '^^^^  ^^  *^^^  Coupon  at  the  bottom  of  this  page,  fill  it   in, 

i^mm^mmmm^i,mmmmmm„ta.,Mm  Inclose  $3.50,  Hiall  It  to  US, and  we  wHl  shlp  to  you,  express 
paid, one  U.  S.  Automatic  Pencil  Sharpener  and  two  extra  blades.  You  will  screw  this 
Machine  down  in  your  office,  use  it  for  ten  days  or  more,  and  if  it  makes  good  all  our 

claims  for  it  and  is  satisfactory, keep  it.  If,  however,  it  is 
not  what  you  expected,  pack  it  up  and  ship  it  back  to 
us,express  collect, and  we  will  refund  your  money  in  full. 

[OESN'I  THIS  PROVE  Gl  iBSOlDTE  GOIiFIDENCE  iH  THE  MflGHINE? 


OUR  CLAIMS  FOR  THE 


1st— It  saves  §70  a  year  wherever  three  pencil  users  work. 

2nd — Itcutsoff  just  enough  and  no  more.  After  a  Pencil  is 
sharpened  you  can  turn  the  handle  of  the  machine  all  day  and 
it  wou'  t  cut  any  more  from  the  Pencil. 

3rd— It's  absolutely  simple,  and  has  no  parts  which  can  get 
out  of  order. 
4th— It  don' t  grind,  it  CUTS. 

5th— It  makes  a  working  "point,"  and  not  a  wasteful 
' '  needle  point.  " 

6th— Can' t  Break  the  LEAD. 
For  Proof  of  These  Claims,Accept  Our  REFUND  TRIAL  OFFER 

BQjid  for  our  Booklet  ' '  A  SAVING  POINTER.  "  It  tells  you 
how  to  stop  a  heretofore  intangible  Office  Expense  Leak. 


•  21DDRESS    DEPT.    W  71 

AUTOMATIC  PENCIL   SHARPENER  CO.,  Inc. 


524-528  Broadway 


NEW  YORK  CITY,  N.  Y. 


FiH  In,  Tear  Out,  ami  3Iail  TSiis  Conpoii,  with  §3.50,  T;)-I)a.v 


OoLjpon 


Signed  by_ 


^Office  Mgr. 


For  Firm 


Referring  to  your  offer  in  THE  WORLD 
Almanac,  send  us  one  U.  S,  Automatic 
Pencil  Sharpener,  as  per  your  Refund  Q^j-pg^ 
Trial  Offer.  It  is  understood  that  if 
the  Machine  does  not  make  good  all  you 
claim,  you  are  to  refund  the  S3. 50  without 
question. 


City 


State 


Our  Stationers'  Name  \s 

XXI 


/ 


The 

American  News 

Company 


Newsdealers 
Booksellers 
Stationers 


39,   41    Chambers  Street 

New  York 


•  •  • 


Sole  Agents  for  supplying  the  trade 
with  the  WORLD  ALMANAC 


XXii 


PRESIDENTIAL     YEAR 


A&OQ 


It  Is  a  More  Profitable  Occupation  to  Sell  Victor  Safes 

Than  to  Talk  Politics. 


Agents  are  making  $300  a  month  selling  Victor 
Safes  to  Merchants,  Doctors,  Lawyers,  Dentists, 
Township  Trustees,  and  Well-to-Do  Farmers      :      2 

Victor  Safes  captured  Grand  Prize  at  World's  Fair, 
St  Louis,  1904,  and  in  the  great  San  Francisco 
Fire,  1906,  came  out  ahead  of  all  others      :      :      : 


Write    TO-DAY    for   Catalogue    103 E  and  Full  Information 


The  Victor  Safe  and  Lock  Co. 


Cincinnati^  Ohio 


XXIII 


PATENT 


Promptly  procured  in  tbe  United 
iStates^  aud  all  foreign  countries 
having'  patent  laws.  Proicct 
your  inventions  by  valid  patents 
having  the  broadest  possible 
scope.  Ailvice  Tree  ;  terms  mode- 
rate; highest  references,  and 
the  best  services. 


WATSON  E.  COLEMAN,  Patent  Lawyer  and  Solicitor 

No.  626  F  Street,  N.  W.,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Practice  before  the  United  States  Patent  Office,  the  Courts  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the 
U.S.  Supreme  Court.    Coansel  in  Patent  Causes.     References  in  designated  localities 

furnished  on  application. 


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XXIV 


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XXV 


'*THE  WHOLE    THING  IN  A   NUTSHELir' 

200  EGGS  A  YEAR  PER  HEN 


MONA/    TO     G 


THEIVI. 


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XXVI 


SANITARIA  OF  THE  EASTERN, 
NEW  ENGLAND    AND   MIDDLE   STATES 


ALPHABETICAL    LIST   BY  STATES. 


CONNECTICUT. 

Sanitarium.  Physician  in  Charge.  Address. 

Ardendale  Sanitaiiuin.  . .'. C.  P.  Duryea Greenwicli 

Crest  \'ievv  Sanatorium Henry  M.  Hitchcock Greenwich 

Cromwell  Hall Fi-ank  K.  Hallock '.^romwell 

Dr.  Barnes'  Sanitarium .■ F.  H.  Barnes '^ tamford 

Dr.  Bowman's  Sanitarium T.  E.  Bowman Greenwich 

l>r.  Brooks'  Sanatorium M.  J.  Brooks New  Canaan 

Dr.  Cheney's  Sanatorium Benjamin  Austin  Cheney. . .  404  Whitney  ave. .  Xew  Haven 

Dr.  Givens'  Sanitarium Amos  J.  Givens Stamford 

Dr.  Stvles'  Sanitarium Elmer  L.  Stvles 19  Court  St..  Kew  Britain 

Kliucrofi Edwin  Siiiitli  Vail Enfield 

Grand  View  'Sanitarium W.  P.  Stuart  Keating South  Windham 

Grey  Towers F.  H.  Barnes Stamford 

Hall  Brooke D.  W.  McFarland Green's  Farms 

Kensett Edwin  E.  Smith Norwalk 

Dr.      WudsTvortli's       ^>ana- 

toriaui A.  DeW.  "W^adsTiortli.  Sontli  \orwalk 

Newhope  Private  Sanitarium Clarence  Edward  .^kinner. .  t;3  Grove  St..  New  Haven 

On-the  Hill  Sanitarium Charles  W.  Jackson Watertown 

Spring    Hill    Home John  L.  Buel Litchfield 

Stamford  Hall Amos  J.  Givens Stamford 

Walnut  Lodge  Hospital T.  D.  Crothers Hartford 

Westport  Sanitarium F.  D.  Ruland Westport 

Wilson  Sanitarium Francis  Wilson l-'l  Retreat  ave.. 

Woodland  Sanatorium M.  M.  Johnson 122  Woodland  st. 

DISTRICT   OF  COLUMBIA. 


Hartford 
Hartford 


Sanitarium.                              Physician   in    Charge.  Address. 

Arctic  Sanitarium  Co Frederick   Sohn 512  I  st.,  N.  W.,  Washington 


Sanitarium. 
The   Maine    Sanatoritim. 


MAINE. 

Physician   in   Charge.  Address. 

Esites    Nrichols Hebron 


MARYLAND. 

Sanitarium.  Physician   in   Charge,  Address. 

Barnard  Sanatorium James  S.    Barntard 2724  N.   Charles  st.,   Baltimore 

Carroll    Springs    Sanitarium Geo.   H.   Wright Forest  Glen 

Dr.    Brewster's  Medical  and   Sur- 
gical   Sanatorium Flora  A. ^Brewster 1221  Madison  ave.,   Baltimore 

Edgewood ,. Mrs.    Carter Govanstown 

Fort    Hill    Samitarium S.    W.     Fort FHicott   City 

Gundry    Sanitarium Alfred    T.    Gundry Athol 

Kelley    Sanitarium Howard    A.    K'elley Baltimora 

Mt.   Hone  Retreat Sister    Katherine Mt.    Hope 

Richard    Gundry    Home Richard   F.   Gundry Catonsville 

Relay   Sanitarium Lewis   H.    Gundry St.    Denis  P.    O. 

Springer    Sanitarium J.   R.   Green Towson,   Baltimore  Co. 

St.    Asmes    Sanitarium Charles    G.    Hill Baltimore 

The    Millar    Sanatorium Irving    Miller 1734  St.   Paul  st..   Baltlmor* 

The    Sheppard    and    Enoch    Pratt 

Hospital E.    N.    Brush Towson 

Webster  Home  Institute Joseph   B.    Webster Beilgra\ia.  Baltimore  Co. 

(Continued  on  p.ige  xxx.) 
XXVII 


IT  is  absolutely  essential,  in  the  selection  of  a  site  for  a  Sanatoriuni,  that  the 
surrounding  landscape  shall  impart  a  feeling  of  rest,  ease  and  peace  to  the 
patrons.  In  this  particular,  none  of  this  class  of  institutions  throughout  the 
United  States  is  more  favored  than  "ELMCROFT,"  which  was  established  in 
1890   for   the   care   and   treatment   of  persons   suffering   from   nervous   and    mental 


ELMCROFT. 


diseases,  and  which  has,  under  the  management  of  Dr.  Edwin  Smith  Vail, 
enjoyed  seventeen  years  of  professional  prosperity.  Dr.  Vail  is  peculiarly  fitted 
to  conduct  an  efficient  institution  for  people  with  mental  disabilities. 

The  Sanatorium  takes  its  name  from  the  typical  old  New  England  mansion 
"ELMCROFT,"  which  forms  part  of  the  institution  and  is  the  residence  of  Dr. 
Vail.  It  is  of  the  usual  quaint  and  restful  construction  with  an  emerald  setting 
of  beautiful  foliage. 

The  Sanatorium  building  is  a  three-story  structure  and  is  thoroughly  modern 

XXVIU 


in  all  of  its  details.  No  appliance  that  science  can  suggest  for  comfort  or  cure  is 
missing.  This  building,  which  is  adjacent  to  the  old  mansion  home  of  the  Doctor, 
is  placed  in  an  elm-studded  lawn,  on  a  wide  elm-shaded  street,  in  the  beautiful 
eld  New  England  town  of  Enfield,  Ct.  The  town  is  situated  on  the  N.  Y.,  N.  H. 
&  H.  R.  R.,  a  direct  route  between  New  York  and  Boston,  and  between  the  cities 
of  Hartford  and  Springfield.  The  electric  railroad  connecting  these  two  cities 
passes  the  Sanatorium  grounds.  Fifty  acres  of  shady  lawns,  orchards,  meadow 
and  woodland  surround  the  buildings  and  make  it  an  ideal  resting  place  for 
nervous  invalids  who  demand  beauty  of  surroundings  as  well  as  quiet  and  retire- 
ment. The  material  care  of  the  invalid  has  been  thought  of  as  well  as  the 
mental,  for,  attached  to  this  model  institution,  there  is  a  herd  of  Jersey  cattle, 
kept  constantly  in  a  sanitary  condition;  a  large  poultry  yard;  a  kitchen  garden; 
fruit  in  abundance,  and  everything  that  would  go  to  make  up  a  perfectly 
appointed   country   home. 

Tl^e  Sanatorium  buildings  are  attractive  and  of  modern  exterior  design.  Thes' 
are  heated  by  steam,  lighted  by  electricity,  have  open  fireplaces,  and  are  finished 
in  hard  wood.  The  first  story  has  a  reception-hall,  billiard-room,  patients' 
parlor,  dining-room,  consultation-room,  kitchen,  etc.,  on  the  east  and  west  sides 
of  which     are  large  verandas  from  which  beautiful  views  can  be  had  of  the  Con- 


SANATORIUM. 

necticut  River  and  Valley.  The  second  and  third  stories  are  devoted  to  patients' 
rooms.  They  are  two  sizes— 12  x  14  and  15  x  16.  All  are  light,  airy  and  cheerful, 
with  restful  views  of  the  surrounding  country.  There  are  large  modern  bath- 
rooms at  the  end  of  each  hall.  These  floors  .will  accommodate  fifteen  patients, 
and  this  is  the  capacity  of  the  institution. 

Dr.  Vail  has  practised  for  twenty-five  years  and  enjoys  the  confidence  and 
patronage  of  members  of  his  profession  because  his  institution  is  conducted 
along  strictly  ethical  lines.  He  was  for  a  time  on  the  staff  at  Ward's  Island, 
where  he  made  a  study  in  the  psychopathic  ward  of  that  famous  institution. 

Dr.  Vail  has  surrounded  himself  with  a  staff  of  agreeable  and  competent 
nurses  and  attendants,  and  the  State  Inspector  of  Sanatoriums  declares  that 
"Elmcroft"  is  the  most  pleasantly  situated  and  one  of  the  best  conducted  insti- 
tutions in  this  country.  Applications  should  be  made  to  DR.  EDWIN  SMITH 
VAIL,  Physician-in-Charge  and  Proprietor.     P.  O.  address,  Thompsonville,  Ct. 

XXIX 


SANITARIA  DIRECTORY.— ron^nw  d. 


Sanitarium. 

Adams'    Nervine   Asylum 

Blue    Hills    Sanitarium 

Buscall's    Home 

Ctuanning  Sanitarium 

Children's    Island    Sanitarium 

Dr.   Douglas'    Sanatorium 

Dr.   Leitch's  Saiiitarium. .'. 

Dr.    Ring' s    Sanatorium 

Framingham   Nervine 

Greysitone    Towers    Sanatorium... 

Harbor  View   Sanitarium 

Maquan    Sanitarium 

Millett    Sanitarium 

Nauheim    Sanitarium 

New    England    Sanitarium 

Newton    Nervine 

Newton    Sanatorium 

Norwood    Private    Hospital 

Ocean   View 

Rivervlew    Sanitarium 

Sharon    Sanatorium 

Somerville    Sanitarium 

The   Asia   Millet    Sanatorium 

The      Attleboro      and      Martha's 
Vineyard    Sanitarium 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Physician  in   Charge. 

.  Daniel   H.    Fuller 

.  Frank   J.    Perry 

.   Isaac   Buscall 

.  Walter   Channing 

.J.    E.    Goldthwail,    Sec'y.. 

.  Chas.    J.   Douglas 

.  J.    A.     Leitch 

. .  Allan    Mott    Ring 

..Ellen    L.     Keith 

.  Ellis    S.     Lee    Lacheur.... 
.   Laura   V.    Gustin-Mackie. . 

.  Flavel    S.    Thomas 

.   C.     S.     Millett 

.  Mary    Sanderson 

.  C.    C.    Nicola 

. .  N.    Emmons    Paine 

N.    Emmons    Piaine 

.  E.    C.    Norton 

Wiilliam    S.    Birge 

W,    F.    Robie 

■  V.     Y.     Bowditch 

Henry    Hull    

C.    S.    Millet    


Address. 
990   Center  St..    Boston 
Bast   Bridgewater 
235  Pine  St.,   Springfield 
Bro'jkline 
Miarblehead 

321   Center  St.,   D.   D.,   Boston 
Andover 

Arlington    Heights 
Fpamjingham 
W^est    Bridgewater 
Cottage   City 
South  Hanson 
East   Bridgewater 
Springfield 
Melrose 
West  Newton 
West  Newton 
Norwood 
Provincetown 
Baldwinville 
Sharon 

16  Austin  St.,   Somerville 
East   Bridgewater 


The    Berkshire    Hills    Sanaitorium. 

The  Highlands 

Tothill   Lodge 

Union   General    Hospital 

Walter    Baker    Sanitarium 

Wellesley    Nervine 

Wheeler    Sanitarium 

Woodslde   Cottages 

Worcester  Sanit*rium  (The  Pines) 


(  Attleboro    (Winter) 


Laura   V.    Gusltin-M'ackie.    . 

Cottage   City   (Summer) 

Wallace    E.     Brown Nor'th  Adams 

Frederick    W.    Russell Winchendon 

Albert  H.   Tuttle Cambridge 

F.     L.    Burt Boston 

Frederick    L.     Tavlor 524  Warren  St.,  Roxbury,  B' ton 

Edw.    H.    Wisewall WeUlesley 

Mrs.  Maria  H.  Paul,  Supt . .  Roxbury,   Boston 

Frank    W.    Patch Framingham 

H.    A.    Gibbs Worcester 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 

Sanitarium.  Physician   in    Charge.  Address. 

Hlgrhland    Spring    Sanitarium A.    E.    Brownrigg Nashua 

Pembroke    Sanatorium    for    Con- 
sumptives   H.    T.    Fontaine Concord 

Surgical    Sanitarium N.    E.    Guillet 2108  Elm  St.,   Manchester 

NEW   JERSEY.. 

Sanitarium.  Physician  in   Charge.  Address. 

Fair  Oaks Eliot    Gorton Summit 

Galen    Hall F.    L.    Young Atlantic  City 

Idylease    Inn E.    A.    Day Newfoundland 

Oak    Hill    Sanitarium David  Moulton  Gardiner. . .  Caldwell 

Plalnfield    Sanitarium J.    H.    Cooley Somerset  St.,  Plainfield 

Riverlawn Daniel   T.    Millspiaugh 45  Totowa  ave.,  Paterson 

Summit  Grove  Place  Sanitarium ..  S.    S.    Nivison Hammontown 

Treniton    Sanitarium R.    C.    Phillips 227  Greenwood  ave.,  Trenton 

Vaughan   Private    Sanitarium Fred  W.   Vaughan Sussex 


Sanitarium. 
Adirondack  Cottage  Sanitarium.. 

Avon    Springs    Sanitarium 

Bethesda    Sanitarium 

Breezehurst    Terrace 

Buffalo     Electrical     Sanitarium.. 

Corwin    Sanitarium 

Deer    Park    Sanitarium 

Dr.   Bond's    House 

Dr.   H.  W.   Carter's  Sanitarium.. 

Dr.   Comhes's    Sanitarium 

Dr.  D.    A.   Harrison's  Sanitarium 

Dr.   Kellogg' s   House 

Dr.   Kidder's   House 

Dr.  MacDonald's   House 

Dr.   McMichael's     Sanitarium 

Dr.   Morton's    Priviate    House 

Dr.   Shepard's   Sanitarium 

Dr.   A.    Joseq^hine   Sherman's  Pri- 
vate   Sanitarium 

Dr.   Strong's   Sanitarium 

Df   Wells'    Sanitarium 


NEW   YORK. 

Physician   in    Charge.  Address. 

Edward   L.    Trudeau Saranac  Lake 

Irving    C.    Allen Avon 

Chas.    De   Land    Clawson.    Montour   Falls 
.  D.    A.    Harrison Whitestone.  N.Y.IC.(fr.  34th  st.) 

John   T.    Pitkin 206   Connedticut   ave. ,    Buffalo 

.Elizabeth   Corwin 104   Main    St.,    Binghamton 

B.    J.    Teahy Port  Jervis 

Geo.    F.    M.    Bond 900    N.    Broadway,    Tonkers 

H.    W.    Carter 148  E.  35th  St..  New  York 

.  R.     C.    F.    Combes Flushing,  N.Y.C.  (fr.  34th  st.) 

D.   A.    Harrison Whitestone.  N.  Y.  City  (L.I.) 

.T.    H.    Kellogg Riverdale.  N.Y.C.  (fr.  G.  C.  S.) 

■^''alter  H.    Kidder ?19    E.    7th    St.,    Oswego 

Carlos   F.    MacDoniald Pleasantville 

Geo.    H.    McMichael 75  W.    Tupper  st..    Buffalo 

L.    J.    Morton Ft.Ham.  P'kwav.  88  st.,B'klyn 

Charles    H.    Shepard 81    Columbia    Heights,    B'klyn 

Dr.    A.    J.    Sherman 58  B.  75th  st..  New  York 

.  S     E.    Strong Saraitoga   Springs 

Thos.    L.    Wells 945  St.  Mark's  ave.,  B'klya 

(Continued  on  page  zxicji.) 

XXX 


PRIVATE    SANITARIUM 

Mental,  Nervous  and  Functional 
Disorders  A  Specialty  = 

NO    INSANE     CASES     RECEIVED 


The  PSYCHOPATHIC  METHOD  OF  TREATMENT  used  exclusively, 
under  the  personal  direction  of  a  regularly  graduated  physician,  one  who  has 
had  thirty  years'  experience  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  all  its  branches. 

Those  having  tried  all  other  methods  of  treatment  without  success  should 
give  the  PSYCHOPATHIC  METHOD  OF  CURE  a  trial,  the  merits  of  which 
are  attested  by  physicians  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 

New,  neat,  modern  building.  Cottages  in  connection.  Homelike  rooms  and 
surroundings.  Suites  and  single  rooms  with  baths.  Every  comfort  and  con* 
venience.  Steam  heat  throughout.  ^  Sun  parlors.  Gymnasium.  Large  veranda. 
Cuisine  of  highest  standeurd.  Farms  in  connection  with  Sanitariunt  supply 
milk,  eggs,  etc.,  etc.,  daily. 

Two  and  one-half  hours*  ride  from  New  York  City  on  West  Shore  Railroad. 

•  •  • 

WRITE   FOR   BOOKLET 

•  •• 

The  Dr.  C.  0.  Sahler  Sanitarium  (incorporated)  KINGSTON-ON-HUDSON,  N.  Y. 


SANITARIA  THRECTORY.— Concluded. 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 

Dryden    Springs    Sanitarium S,    S.    Nivison Dryden 

Falkirk Wm.    Elliott   Dold Central   Valley 

Gleason    Health    Resort John   C.    Fisher Elmixa 

Glenmary John   T.    Greenleaf Ovvego  , 

Glen    Springs Wm.    M.    Leffingwell Watkins  ' 

Glenwood James    W.    Wherry Dansville 

Graham  Highland  Park  Sanatorium.      C.  T.  Graliam  Rochester 

Green mont  Sanitarium Ralph  Lyman  Parsons  .... Ossining 

Hillside-on-Seneca F.  E.  Bowl  by Watkins 

Interpines F.  W.  Seward,  Sr Goshen 

Knickerbocker  Hall John  R.  Harding College  Point,  N.  Y.O.(fr.92d8t.) 

Long  Island  Home O.  J.  Wilsey Amity ville 

Loomis  Sanatorium Herbert  Mason  King Liberty 

Mahopac  Lodge W.  S.  Watson Lake  Mahopac 

Marshall  S  .nitarium Hiram  Elliot Troy 

Montefoire  Home  County  Sanitarium.  .L.  Rosenberg Bedford 

Ogdensburg  Sanitarium Silas  E.  Brown Ogdensburg 

Our  Lady  of  Victory  Sanitarium George  Chandler 249  Broadway,  Kingston 

Parkside  Sanitarium Sydney  A.  Durham 1392  Amherst  st..  Buffalo 

Providence  Retreat Jno.  J.  Twohey Buffalo 

River  Crest Flavins  Packer Astoria,  N.  Y.  C.  (fr.92st.) 

Riverview  Sanatorium James  R.  Bolton Fishkill-on-Hudson 

Sanford  Hall W.  Stuart  Brown Flushing,  New  York  City 

Sanatorium  Gabriels R.  L.  Strong Gabriels 

Spa  Sanitarium A.  I.  Thayer Ballston  Spa 

Steuben  Sanatorium J.  £.  Walker Hornellsville 

Stony  Wold  Sanatorium Henry  S.  Goodall Lake  Kushaqua 

St.  Vincent's  Retreat S.  W.  Brooks Harrison 

St.  Saviour's  Sanitarium W.  T.  Alexander Inwood-on-the-Hudson 

The  Bethesda  Sanitarium Henry  S  Preston 952  St.  Mark's  ave.,  Brooklyn 

The  Clifton  Springs  Sanitarium F.  W.  Spaulding Clifton  Springs 

Tbe  Dr.  ('.  O.    Sabler   Saui- 
tari  II  m C.  O.  Sabler Kingston-on-Hudsoii 

The  Graham  Highland )  M.E.Graham 1100  South  ave.,  Rochester 

fark  banatorium. . . .         S 

The  Jackson  Health  Resort James  H.  Jackson Dansville 

The  Muncie  City  Sanatorium Edward  H.  Muncie 117  Macon  st.,  Brooklyn 

The  Muncie  Surf  Sanatorium Babylon 

The    New    York    Christian   Home   for 

Intemperate  Mfn .N.  H.  Ives Mount  Vernon 

The  Olean  Sanitarium W.  I.  Hewitt Clean 

The  Pines F.  Sefton Auburn 

The  Telfair  Sanitarium Wm.  G.  Telfair 568  W.  ave.,  Rochester 

The  Williamson  Sanitarium A.  N.  Williamson Dobbs  Ferry 

The  Willis  Sanitarium Harrison  Willis 1453  Pacific  st.,  Brooklyn 

Vernon  House W.  D.  Granger Bronx  ville 

Waldemere E.  N.  Carpenter Mamaroneck 

Whitesboro  Sanitarium C.  E.  Stafford Whitesboro 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Sanitarium.  Physician     in     Charge.  Address. 

Cranford     Sanitarium Octavia    L.    Krum Pottstown 

Easton     Sanitarium C.    Spencer   Kinney Easton 

Grand    View     Sanatorium Reuben    D.    Wenrich Wernersville 

Kurd's  Highland  Hygienic  Health  .„,      .     „  _  * 

Home F.    "Wilson    Hurd North   Water   Gap 

Inwood S.     Elizabeth    Winter West  Conshohocken 

Lebanon    Sanatorium A.    B.    Gloninger Lebanon 

Lititz    Springs    Sanitarium James    C     Brobst Lititz 

Markleton    Sanatorium J.     D.     Carr Markleton  ^  ,   ^. 

Pennsylvania    Sanitarium H.    B.    Knapp 1929  Girard  ave.,  Philaaclpnia 

South  Mountain  Sanatorium  Camp.  J.    T.    Rothrock Mont  Alto 

Sunnyrest     Sanatorium A.    M.    Shoemaker White   Haven 

The   Mercer    Sanitarium Mary   L.    Kingsley Mercer 

The    Walter    Sanitarium Robert    Walter Walter's  Park 

White    Haven    Sanatorium Lawrence  F.   Flick White  Haven 

RHODE    ISLAND. 

Sanitarium.  Physician     in     Charge.  Address. 

Dr.    Bates'    Sanltaritim W.  Lincoln  Bates 141   Benefit  St.,  Providence 

Hopeworth    Sanitarium W.    C.    Canfield Bristal 

VERMONT. 

Sanitarium.  Physician     in     Charge.  Address. 

Dr.  Prime's  Vermont  Sanitarium.  William     R.     Prime 244  Pearl   st.,   Burlington 

L^ice   view    Sanatorium W.    D.    Berry Burlington 

Sparhtawk     Sanitarium S.   Sparhawk Burlington 

The   Randolph    Sanitarium Jno.    P.    Giff ord Randolph 

XXXII 


Dr.  Wadsworth's   Sanatorium 


SOUTH  NORWALK,  CT. 


For  the  care  and  treatment  of  select  cases  of  the  various  nervous  and 
mental  diseases,  such  as  Neurastheni^^  Hysteria,  Chorea,  Epilepsy,  Paralysis, 
Alcoholic  and  Drug  Addictions. 

Delightfully  located  on  extensive  private  grounds,  overlooking 
Long  Island  Sound  and  cities  of  Norwalk  and  So.  Norwalk. 

One  hour  from  New  York  City  on  the  N.  Y. ,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R. .  with  over  20  expres,  trains 
each  way  daily.  Equipment  new,  modern,  and  complete.  Homelike  surroundings.  Experienced 
nurses  and  skilled  attendants.  Telephone  210. 

Applications  should  be  made  to  ALVIN  D.  WADSWORTH,  M.D.,  So.  Norwalk,Ct., 

XXXIII 


i 


Warm  Air  Generators 


For  Homes  costing  from  $2,000  to  $200,000 
and  for  Churches  and  Schools 

^  The  Heating  of  the  home  involves  three  things — comfort,  health,  economy. 
q  The  KELSEY  fulfills  the  requirements  for  each.  NO  OTHER  DOES. 
q  The  great  battery  of  ZIG  ZAG  HEAT  TUBES  forming  the  fire 
box  of  the  KELSEY  is  the  secret  of  its  efficiency.  These  heat  tubes 
take  the  heal  direct  from  the  live  coals,  they  give  more  than  double  the 
heating  surface  of  other  heaters  and  warm  much  larger  volumes  of  air, 
thus  securing  perfect  ventilation  as  well  as  heating. 

QZIG  ZAG  HEAT  TUBES  force  the  warmed  air  to  distant  or 
exposed  rooms  warming  them  perfectly, — the  only  warm  air  heater  that 


loes. 


^Send  for  book  of  "Opinions'*  showing  pictures  of  250  of  the  30,000 
Kelsey  heated  homes.     There  is  a  Kelsey  Agent  in  almost  every  city. 


Kelsey  Heating  Co.  ? 


Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
56  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


m 

m 


m 
■ 

to 


i 
i 


I 

i 

m 


>9HV  ^BHkT 


XXXI  V 


m^mm^mmM^^Bmm^^^^i^^^m^m^^^mm^mimim 


Anglo  AmericanTelegraph  Co.,Ltd. 


ESXABLISHEO    1866 


THE  PIONEER  ATLANTIC  CABLE  COMPANY. 


PAUFiC 

OtFAN 


Direct  Communication  Between  ilmerica  and 
Europe  by  Four  Cables. 

AUTOMATIC  DUPLEX  SYSTEM, 


NEW  CABLES  TO  PRANCE,  HOLLAND,  AND  BELGIUM 

GOOD  COMMUNICATION   WITH  GERMANY. 

Telegrams  can  be  forwarded  "VIA  ANGLO  CABLES,"  to  Europe,  Egypt,  East  and  West  Coasts  of 
Africa,  Turkey,  India,  China,  Cochin  China,  Corea,  Manila,  Japan,  Australia,  New  Zealand,  South 
America,  Zanzibar,  Mozambique,  Arabia,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Cape  Verde,  Madeira,  and  the  Canary 
Islands,  etc.,  etc., 

FROM  THE   FOLLOWING   AHERICAN   STATIONS: 

f  New  York,    Head    Office,  68  Broad  Street  (Morris 

j       Building),  Telephone  No.  5955  Broad. 

MT7W  vr»T?Tr  oT7T7Tr-T7c.  J  ^  Bridge  Street  (Maritime  BIdg.),TcL  No.  870  Broad. 

NEW  YORK  OFFIGHS:  ^   8  Broad  Street  (Stock  Exchange), Tel.  No.  2294  Rector, 

445  Broome  Street  (Silk  Exchange  BIdg.),  Tel.  No.  69  J 
Spring. 
MONTREAL  OFFICE:^  5J  St.  Francois  Xavier  Street,  Tel.  No.  Bell  J027. 


OFFICES  IN  EUROPE: 


LONDON  :  71  Old  Broad  Street,  E.  C. 

24  'riirogmorton  Street,  E,  C, 
109  Fenchurch  Street,  E.  C. 
46  Mark  Lane,  E.  C 
"  Baltic  Exchange  Chambers, 

St.  Mary  Axe.  E.  C. 
"  Northumberland  Avenue, 

Charint;  Cross,  W.  C. 
48  Tooley  Street,  S  E. 
LIVERPOOL:  Al  The  Exchange. 
BRADFORD  :  10  Forster  Square. 
BRISTOL:  Back  Hall  Chambers,  Baldwin  Street. 
DUNDEE:    1  Panmure  Street. 

CHRISTIANIA 


EDINBURGH-  50  Frederick  Street. 
GLASGOW:  113  Hope  Street, 
LEITH:  Exchange  Buildings. 
MANdHESTER:  31  Brown  Street. 
NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE:  I  Side. 
PARIS  AGENCY:  37  RueCaumartin. 
CARDIFF        •'         Atlantic  Buildings. 
ANTWERP      "         26  Rue  du  Menuisiers. 
ROME  "         49  Via  venti  Settembre. 

AMSTERDAM  AGENCY  :  Weespcrzyde  4. 
BARCELONA  "  96  Pnseo  de  Gracia. 

COPENHAGEN       "  21  Chr  Wintersvej. 

HAVRE  :  118  Boulevard  Strasbourg. 
:    P.  O.  box  30. 


THE  SHORTEST  MP  QUICKEST  ROUTES  ACROSS  THE  flTUNTld 

Used  by  all  the  principal  stockbrokers  of  New  York,  London,  Liverpool,  etc.,  to  whom 
the  QUICKEST  OBTAINABLE  SERVICE  is  essential. 

THIS  COMPANY,  whose  CARRYING  CAPACITY  IS  FAR  IN  EXCESS 
OF  ANY  OTHER  ATLANTIC  CABLE  COMPANY,  is  naturally  favorable 
to  the  MAINTENANCE  OF  A  LOW  RATE  WITH  AN  INCREASING 
VOLUME  OF  TRAFTIC. 

XXXV 


^^^yoRW  ^, 


,,  .c:cHiu)s? 

'''^THlRDAVE,neai54*St..NEwY(fl( 
S^LE  Agent  for  the  <JS^ 


KING 
WHISKEY 


RYE  or  BOURBON 


4  Full  Quart  Bottles 
6      " 

12       "  "  " 

12  Pint  Flasks        .    . 
24  j4   Pint  Flasks  .     . 


$3.10 
4.50 
8.75 
4.75 
5.00 


Express    F^ropaid 

To  any  Point  East  of  the  Mississippi  River. 

NOTE.  — IT'S  8  YEARS  OLD,  absolutely  pure  and 
recommended  by  physicians  for  medicinal  purposes  on 
that  account  for  the  past  28  years. 

Such  Whiskey  cannot  be  purchased  elsewhere 
for  less  than  $5  for  4  bottles.  I  ship  in  plain 
packages— no  marks  to  indicate  contents.  If  whiskey 
is  unsatisfactory,  return  at  my  expense  —  I'll  refund 
your  money.  Having  been  established  since  l  S77  should 
satisfy  new  readers  of  tl}e  genuineness  of  this  offer. 

SILVERWARE  FREE 

Return  this  ad.  with  your  next  order  and  for  each 
dollar's  worth  of  goods  purchased  I  will  send  you  free 
of  charge  one  Rogers  XXX  plated  teaspoon. 

ESTABLISHED  1877. 


J.  C  CHILDS,  893  Third  Avenue.  N.  Y.  City. 


XXXVl 


WANT     ADV.      15    WORDS     OR     LESS: 
I   Day,  25c.;    2  Days.  40c;    3  Days.  50c 


(i>  (^  (t>  (t> 


Q)  Q)  (^  d) 


100,000 

READ  DAILY 

THE  UP-TO-DATE 
Italian  Evening  Newspaper 

BoUeltino  Delia  Sera 


THE     BEST     ADVERTISING 
MEDIUM  FOR  ALL  CLASSES 

The  continuous  growing  of  the  Italian  population  in 
this  Country  opens  new  fields  of  business,  therefore  they  . 
should  be  cultivated  by  all  the  American  wide-awake 
business  men,  who  wish  to  increase  their  daily  receipts 
by  advertising  for  the  Italian  trade.  This  is  the  only 
safest  veh  c!e  that  will  brino;  astonishing  results.  Read 
this  page  carefully;  join  the  push  !  and  you  will  make 
barrels  o[  money!     Try  it. 

Write  or  phone  at  once  for  rates  to  the 

^^BOLLETTINO    DELLA    SERA^^ 

F.  L.  FRUGONE,  General  Manager 

178  Park  Row,  New  York  City 

WANT     ADV.      15     WORDS     OR     LESS: 

I    Day,  25c.:    2  Days.  40c.;    3  Days.   50c. 

XXXVII 


«ll 


IDEAL  SUBURBAN  TOWNS 
<m    ON  LONG  ISLAND    <^ 


The  well-known  fact  that  during  the  last  few  years  there  has  been  a  great 
increase  in  the  permanent  population  of  the  towns  and  villages  constituting 
the  suburbs  of  the  large  business  centres,  is  particularly  true  of  the  delightful 
suburban  places  along  the  Long  Island  Railroad. 

Those  residing  in  cities  have  of  late  years  been  greatly  interested  in  the 
advantages  of  living  in  the  country  the  year  round,  and  business  men  who 
must  needs  be  at  their  desks  or  stores  daily, are  locating  their  families  where 
they  may  have  all  the  benefits  of  the  country  and  where  they  themselves  may 
spend  each  night  without  making  the  journey  to  and  from  the  city  a  tiresome 
feature  of  their  daily  life. 

Probably  the  most  essential  thing  in  living  in  a  suburban  town  is  quick 
and  satisfactory  transportation  facilities  to  the  city,  and  in  referring  to  Long 
Island  it  is  sui^icient  to  say  that  the  frequent  and  well  regulated  service  of  the 
Long  Island  Railroad  is  all  that  can  be  asked  for. 

Long  Island's  topographical  variations  range  themselves  into  three  main 
classes,  each  served  by  a  separate  branch  of  the  Long  Island  R.R.  On  the  southern 
shore  is  a  charming  stretch  of  land  overlooking  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  Great 
South  Bay,  with  line  beaches  (the  only  extensive  east  and  west  beach  on  the  Atlantic 
Coast),  unexcelled  for  surf  and  still-water  bathing  ;  the  central  section  is  level, 
though  in  places  rolling  country,  made  up  of  farms  and  woodland  ;  the  northern 
reaches  of  the  island  are  generally  hilly,  covered  with  a  thick  growth  of  trees. 

The  great  diversity  of  scenery  and  natural  characteristics  make  Long  Island  a 
most  popular  Summer  and  residential  territory.  Its  nearness  to  New  York  City, 
the  superiority  of  the  railroad  service,  the  excellence  of  its  school  system,  the 
high  quality  of  its  society — pure  water,  refreshing  breezes,  cooled  by  the  ocean 
in  the  Summer — churches  of  all  denominations,  clubs,  libraries  and  well- 
stocked  stores— all  unite  in  producing  conditions  that  are  ideal  for  a  home, 
which  is  proven  by  the  fact  that  many  handsome  residences  have  long  since 
been  established  there  and  are  occupied  the  entire  year  by  their  owners. 

No  other  suburban  territory  can  make  so  strong  an  appeal  to  the  seekers 
of  a  quiet,  restful,  healthful,  home  section  as  Long  Island. 

For  Illustrated  and  Descriptive  Books  Write 
to    the    General   Passenger   Agent  of  the 

LONG    ISLAND    RAILROAD 

263  Filth  Avenue,  New  York; 

A.  1,.  LANC;D0N,  IIOWAlil)  31.  S3I1TH, 

Traffic  .Maiiaffor.  Uencrul  Passeuger  Agent. 


xxxvm 


L> 


GRAY  HAIR 


Chemistry  has  solved  the  prob- 
lem of  perpetual  youth  as  far  as 
the  hair  is  concerned,  and  those 
i^th  premature  gray  hair  need  no 
longer  have  any  anxiety. 

A  large  railroad  company 
recently  discharged  236  men»  all 
ol  them  over  40  years  old.  It  ivas 
understood  that  gray  hair  and  the 
appearance  of  age  was  the  only 
reason  for  their  dismissal.  This 
places  a  premium  on  youth. 

After  much  research  we  offer 
a  preparation  of  our  own  manu- 
facture, guaranteed  free  from 
silver,  lead  or  other  metallic  ele- 
ments with  which  you  can  stain 
the  hair  a  permanent  auburn  or  the 
various  shades  of  brown  or  black. 

Send  a  sample  of  your  hair  and 
we  will  match  it  exactly. 

Qorfespondence    Solicited 


BENDINER    &    SCHLESINGER 

===  CHEMISTS    AND    IMPORTERS  === 

Third  Avenue  and  10th  St,  N.  Y.  City 

Established  18^3 


XXXIX 


PRICE-LISTT 

OF 

EDWARD  H.  BEST  &  CO., 

(INCORPORATED), 

222  &  224  Purchase  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

NEWSPAPER  PRESS  BLANKETS,  STEREOTYPE  BLANKETS. 

Lithographers'  Flannels,    Machinery  Blanketing.  - 

PRESS  BLANKETING  (Thick). 


36 

inches  wide 

38 

<< 

t( 

40 

<( 

tt 

42 

(( 

(( 

44 

« 

« 

46 

<( 

« 

48 

t< 

« 

36 

inches 

wide 

39 

(k 

u 

AA 

« 

« 

PER  YARD 


O  •— 
on   cs 

V.  a. 


50  inches  wide 
52      "         " 
54       '♦         " 
56      " 
60      "         " 
75      " 


BLANKETING  (Thin). 


PER  YAKn 

a   , 
o  « 

1—  9 


54  inches  wide 
60      "         « 


STEREOTYPE  BLANKETS, 


Dryer  Blankets,  28  inches  wide 
MouIdiniT  Blankets,  26  inches  wide 


23^  inches  wide 


PRINTERS'  ROLLS, 


LINEN  TAPE. 


y^  inch  wide 


'8 
1/       u 

5/         " 
/8 


PER  PK<i. 
144  YDS, 

g:i.80 

3.00 
4.00 


^i    inch    wide 
I        <(         <( 

1 K  inches    " 


\\i  in.  100  yard  rolls,  2  rolls  in  package,  $8.90  per  package. 
1       in.  100  "  2         "  "  8.34         " 


PBR  YARH 


PBR  YARD 

a  , 
o  4 


PER  YARD 

C3    , 
O  ct 

«     • 


PER  ROLL 
$5.00 


PER  PKG. 
144  YDS. 

$5.00 

6.00 
6.40 


Woollen  Specialties  for  Mechanical  Purposes. 


XL 


5)^%> 


6^3 


^/VteAVtfJo  CREX 


GRASS    CARPjBI 


CREX  IN  THE    HOME 


TRADE         MAR  M 


Nature's  Carpet  of  Health 

From  the  Fragrant  Green   Fields        ^ 
e^  e^  «^  To  Your  Home 

CREX  is  Nature's  own  product:  the  long,  tough. wiry 
grass  gathered  from  the  prairies  of  the  West,  manu- 
factured into  Carpets  and  Rugs  and  brought  to  your 
home  with  the  assurance  of  health,  durability  and 
economy, 

CREX  is  absolutely  sanitary,  and  will  not  retain 
germs  and  dust  like  heavy  woollen  Carpets  and  Rugs. 
Suitable  for  all  rooms  the  year  around,  and  harmonizes 
with  all  surroundings.  The  labon-saving  qualities  of 
CREX  Carpets  and  Rugs  have  won  popular  favor  with 
housekeepers.  It  requires  only  one-half  the  care  to 
keep  CREX  clean. 

Carpets  are  made  in  a  variety  of  colors:  the  Rugs 
are  of  beautirul  designs,  and  made  in  all  colors  and 
sizes. 

CAUTION  :  Avoid  imitations— be  «ure  you  get  CREX — there 
is  cnly  one  genuine.  Substitutes  which  may  be  represented  to  be 
just  the  same  as  CREX  are  of  inferior  quality  and  lighter  grade. 
Insist  on  having  CREX. 

Sold  Wherever  Carpets  are  Sold 

American  Grass  Twine  Co.  %  ^pTuf  mfnles'^o  J 


XLI 


trret  IBlttttovs* 


CROSS  STREET  CORNER  NUMBERS  ON  BROADWAY  AND  THE  AVENUES,  N.Y.  CITY. 

BROADWAY. 


1  Battery  PL 

210  Fulton. 

362  Franklin. 

694  Fourth. 

901   E.20th. 

1291  W   33d. 

1549  W.  46th. 

8  Beaver. 

222  Ann. 

378  White. 

713  Wash'ton  PI. 

919  E.  21st. 

Sixth  Avenue. 

1569  W,  47th. 

27  Morris. 

Vesev. 

398  Walker. 

727  Waverley  PI. 

939  E.  22d. 

1311  W.  34th. 

1589  W.48(h. 

55  Exchange  AI. 

227  Barclay. 

413  Lispenard. 

744  Astor  Place. 

957  E.  23d. 

1329  W.  35th. 

1609  W.49lh. 

56  Exchange  PI. 

237  Park  Pl.ice. 

416  C.Hnal. 

755  Eighth. 

957  Fifth  Ave. 

1349  W.  36th. 

1629  W.50th. 

173  Rector. 

247  Murray. 

432  Howard. 

770  E.  9th. 

Madison  Square. 

1369  W.  37tli. 

1649  W.  51st. 

186  WalL 

269  Warren. 

458  Grand. 

784  E.  10th. 

1099  W.  24th. 

1391   W.  38th. 

1665  W.52d. 

10(1  Pine. 

271  Chambers. 

486  Broome. 

801   E.  11th. 

1119  W.  25th. 

1409  W.  39th. 

1687  W  .  53.1. 

411  Thames. 

287  Reade. 

526  Spring. 

824  E.  12tb. 

1139  W.  26th. 

1429  W.  40th. 

1709  W.  54th. 

119  Cedar. 

303  Dnaue. 

566  Prince. 

840  E.  13th. 

1159  W.  27th. 

1447  W.  41st. 

1729  W.55th. 

145  Liberty. 

317  Thomas. 

608  Houston. 

858  E.  14th. 

1183  W.  28th. 

1467   \V.  42,1. 

1749  W.56th. 

171   Cortlandt. 

318   Pearl. 

640  Bleecker. 

Union  Square. 

1203  W.  29th. 

1489  W.  43d. 

1769  W.57th. 

17i'  Maiden  Lane. 

334  Worth. 

1158  Bond. 

857  E.  17th. 

1227  W.  30th. 

1;.05  W.  44th. 

1787  W.58th. 

84  John. 

3)4  Catharine  La. 

681  W.  3d. 

871  E.  18th. 

1251  W.  3Ut. 

1525  W.  45th. 

1805  W.  59th. 

91   Dey. 

348  Leonard. 

682  Great  Jones. 

887  E.  19th. 

1273  W.  32d. 

Seventh  Avenue. 

Central  Y  "'.. 

FIFFH  AVENUE. 


1   Wash'ton  Sq. 

185  23d. 

439  .>9tii. 

7  Clinton  PI. 

Broadway. 

457  40th. 

21  9th. 

25th. 

477  41st. 

AZ  10th. 

216  26th. 

499  42d. 

41  nth. 

m  27th. 

511  43d. 

51   12th. 

249  28th. 

529  44th. 

61  13th. 

263  29th. 

545  45th. 

67  14th. 

281  30th. 

.561  46th. 

96  15th. 

299  31st. 

575  47th. 

81  16th. 

315  32d. 

59.S  481  h. 

96  17th. 

331  33d. 

609  49th. 

107  18th. 

353  34th. 

628  5Uth. 

115  19th. 

371  35th. 

637  51st. 

133  20th. 

387  36th. 

653  52d. 

147  21st. 

405  :i7th. 

671   5X.I. 

165  22d. 

421   38th 

685  54th. 

70.;  55tli. 
719  56th. 
737  57th. 
751  58th. 
769  59th. 
787  60th. 
799  61st. 
809  62d. 
817  6:;d. 
829  64th. 
8:  9  65th. 
849  66th. 
856  67th  < 
9'9   68th. 
8:9  69th. 


^89 
899 
909 
919 
929 
9.39 
949 
3  9 
9  9 
'.'79 
989 
999 
1009 
1019 
1029 


70tii. 

71st. 

72d. 

73<i. 

74th. 

75th. 

76th. 

77th. 

78th. 

79th. 

80th. 

81st, 

82.1. 

8.Sd. 

84th. 


1039  85lh. 
1049  86th. 
1059  87th. 
1069  88th. 
1079  89th. 
1089  90th. 
1099  91st. 
1109  92d. 
1119  93d 
1129  94th. 
1139  95th. 
1149  96th. 
1159  97th. 
11 '-.9  98th. 
1179  99th. 


1189 
1199 
12U9 
1219 
1229 
1239 
1249 
1259 
1269 
1279 
2002 
2020 
2040 
2056 
2076 


lOOth. 

lOlst. 

1  02d. 

1  03il. 

1  04th. 

105th. 

106th. 

107th. 

108th. 

109th. 

124th. 

125th. 

126th, 

127th. 

128th. 


THIRD  AVENUE. 


1  Seventh. 

319  E.  24th. 

657 

E.  42d. 

1009 

E   60th. 

1371   E.  78th. 

1722 

E.  96th. 

2082  E.  114th, 

Astor  Place. 

337  E.  25th. 

679 

E    48d. 

1029 

E.  61sU 

l:«9  E.  -9th. 

E.  97th. 

2100  E.  115th, 

19  St,  Mark's  PI. 

355   E.  26th. 

701 

E.  44th. 

1047 

E.  62<1. 

1409  E.  80th. 

E   98tli. 

2123  E.  116th, 

28  E.  9th. 

;<73  E.  27th. 

721 

E.  45th. 

1069 

E.  63d. 

1433  E.  81st. 

1781 

E.  99th. 

2141  E.  117th, 

45  E.  10th. 

391   E.  28th. 

7:9 

E.  46th. 

1089 

E.  64th. 

1451  E.  82.1. 

1800 

E.  100th. 

2161  E.  118th. 

63  F,.  nth. 

411   E.  29th. 

"55 

E.  47th. 

1109 

E.  65th. 

14H9  E.  83.1. 

1816 

E.  101st. 

2181  E.  119th. 

8::  E.  12th. 

429  E.  30t!i. 

-73 

E.  48th. 

1129 

E.  66th. 

1487  E.  84th. 

1843 

E.  102d. 

2199  E.  I20fh. 

103  E.  13fh. 

449  E,  31st. 

793 

E.  49th. 

1148 

E.  67th. 

1.505  E.  8.5th. 

18fil 

E.  103.1. 

2217  E.  121st. 

123  E.  14th. 

4  -.7  E,  :{2d. 

813 

E.  50th. 

1160 

E.  68th. 

1525  E.  86th. 

1881 

E.  104th. 

2241   E.  122.1. 

145  E.  1.5th. 

487  E.  33d. 

835 

E.  51st. 

1185 

E.  69th. 

1.545  E.  87th. 

1897 

E.  105th. 

2261   E.  123.1. 

165  E.  16th. 

505  E.  34tli. 

857 

E.  52d. 

1205 

E.  70th. 

1565  E.  88th. 

1923 

E.  106th. 

2281   E.  124th. 

185  E.  nth. 

523  E.  35th. 

875 

E.  53d. 

1229 

E.  71st. 

1.583  E.  89th. 

194:! 

E.  107th. 

2297  E.  125th. 

20:i  E   18th. 

511   E.  36th, 

895 

E.  54th. 

!?45 

E.  72d. 

1605  E.  90th. 

1965 

E.  108th. 

2319  E.  126th. 

223  E,  19th. 

557  F^  37th. 

913 

E.  55th. 

1265 

E.  73d. 

1627   E.  91st. 

1981 

E.  109th. 

23  9  E.  127th. 

243  E.  20th. 

677  E.  38tli. 

933 

E.  56th. 

l.-SS 

E,  74th. 

1643  E.  92d. 

2007 

E.  110th. 

2359  E.  128th. 

261  E.  21st. 

597   E    H9th. 

951 

E.  5Tth. 

1309 

E.  75th. 

1657  E.  9;-;.i. 

2023 

E.  111th. 

2;75  E.  129th. 

281  E.  22d. 

617   E.  40th. 

969 

E.  ,58th. 

1329 

E.  T6th 

1677  E.  94th. 

2041 

E.  n2th. 

2398  E.  l;;Oth. 

299  E.  23d. 

635  E.  41st. 

989 

E.  59th. 

1349 

E.  77th. 

1693  E.  95th,        . 

20t;3 

E.  113th, 

Hiirlein  River. 

LEXINGTOX  AVENUE. 


1  E.  21st. 

293  E.  37th. 

593  E.  52d. 

901   E.  67th. 

1209  E.  82d. 

1629   E.  103d. 

1895  E.  118th. 

9  E,  22d, 

311   E.  38th. 

615  E.  53d. 

921   E.  68th. 

1221  E.  83.1. 

Iu45  E.  104th. 

1915  E.  119th. 

17  E.  23d, 

331  E.  39th. 

635  E.  54th. 

941  E.  69th. 

1241   E.  84th. 

1673  E.  105th. 

1944  E.  120th. 

39  E.  24th. 

353  E.  40th. 

655  E.  55th. 

961   E.  70th. 

1249  E.  85th. 

1689  E.  106th. 

19811  E.  121st. 

59  E.  25th. 

373  E.  41st. 

675  E.  56th. 

979  E.  71st. 

1271  E.  86th. 

1705  E.  107th. 

2001   E.  122.1. 

77  E.  26th. 

389  E.  42.1. 

695  E.  67th. 

995  E   72d. 

1289  E.  87th. 

1733  E.  108th. 

2U25  E.  I2.{d. 

97  E.  27th. 

413  E.  43d. 

721   E.  58th. 

1023  E.  73d. 

1309  E.  88th, 

1755  E.  109th, 

E.  124th. 

115  E.  28th. 

435  E.  44th. 

741   E.  59th. 

1031   E.  74th. 

1328  E,  89th. 

1773  E.  110th, 

20-,6  E.  125th. 

136  E.  29th. 

449  E.  45th 

751    E.  60th. 

1056  E.  75th. 

1348  E.  90th. 

1787  E.  111th. 

2085  E.  126th. 

159  E.  30th. 

473  E.  46th. 

781   E.  61st. 

1077  E.  76th. 

1362  E,  91st. 

180J  E.  n2th. 

210V  E.  127lh. 

177  E.  31st. 

491   E.  47th. 

801   E.  62d. 

1099   E.  77th. 

1380  E.  92d. 

1813  E.  n.^lh. 

2125  E.  128th. 

197  E.  32d. 

613  E.  48th, 

821  E.  63d. 

1113  E.  78th. 

1423  E.  »3d. 

1841  E.  114th. 

2143  E.  129th. 

217  E.  33d. 

637  F^  «9th. 

841  E   64th. 

1135  E.  79th. 

1447  K.  94th. 

1856  E,  115th. 

2168  E.  130th. 

237  E.  34th. 

555  E.  SOth, 

861   E.  65th. 

1159  E.  80th. 

1469  E.  95th. 

1869  E.  n6th. 

E.  131st. 

2M  E.  36th. 

671  E.  51st. 

881  E.  66th. 

1187  E.  81st. 

1613  E.  102d. 

1877  E.  intk. 

Harlem  River. 

STl  £.36th. 

FOURTH  AVENUE, 


a  Bowery, 

Eighth, 

Ill  E.  12th. 

250  E.  20th.         1 

322  E.  24th. 

.'«4  E.  27th, 

440  E.  30th, 

Sixth. 

66  E.  9th. 

135  E.  13th. 

265  E.  21st. 

342  E.  25th, 

402  E.  88th. 

4  .0  E.  31st, 

Seventh. 

73  E.  10th. 

167  F-.  14th. 

283  E.  22d. 

362  E,  26th. 

422  E,  29th, 

478  E,  32d, 

17  Astor  Place, 

91   E.  11th. 

Union  .Square. 

289  E.  23d. 

XLIl 


«— 


STREET  DIRECTORY— C'on/m?<ed. 


FAltK  AVKNL'E. 


1    E.  34th. 

375  E.  53.1. 

650  E.  67th. 

93.=.  E.  81st. 

1217  E.  95th. 

1489  E.  109th. 

E.  123d. 

18   R,  3(th. 

395  E.  54th. 

E.  68th. 

957  E.  82.i. 

1236  E.  9hili. 

1.^07  E.  110th. 

1796  E.  124tl.. 

37   E.  3«th. 

413  E.  55tli. 

692  E.  69th. 

979  E.  83.1. 

1253  E.  97ili. 

1   26  E.  Ulih. 

1817   E.  1  26lh. 

47   E.  37th. 

435  E.  66th. 

717  E.  70th. 

997   E.  84lh. 

Iv69  E.  981 h. 

1555  E.  llVlli. 

1837  E.  1  26th. 

65   E.  38th. 

455  E.  57lh. 

731   E    71st. 

1015  E.  85th. 

E.  99th. 

1571   E.  l)3tli. 

1851   E.  127th. 

79   E.  39th. 

479  E.  58th. 

-57  E.  72.1. 

1037  E.  86th. 

1316  E.  lOOlh. 

1590  E.  114lli. 

1875  E.  1  veih. 

99  E.40th. 

497   E.  59th. 

779  E.  73.1. 

1055  E.  87th. 

1336  E.  101st. 

1617  E.  115th. 

1895  E.  129th. 

115  E.  41st 

51  :<  E.  60th. 

796  E.  74th. 

1075  E.  88th. 

1353  E.  102.1. 

1635  E.  116th. 

1915  E.  l:Oth. 

135  E.  42d. 

525  E.  61st. 

819  E.  76th. 

1097  E.  89th. 

E.  103.1. 

1649  E.  Unh. 

1937  E.  131st.     s 

It.  K.  Yard. 

549   E.  62.1. 

.>)38  E.  76th. 

1115  E.  90th. 

E.  104th 

1673  E.  118tli. 

1957  E.  132.i. 

E.  48th. 

5:3   E.  63.1. 

E.  77th. 

1135  E.  91st. 

1408  E.  105th. 

1695  E.  n9th. 

1978  E.  l:«d. 

E.  49th. 

593  E.  64th. 

879  E.  78th. 

1155  E.  92.1. 

1424  E.  106th. 

1711   E.  li/Oth. 

E.  134th. 

E.  50th. 

607   E.  b5tli. 

895  E.  79th. 

1177  E.  93.1. 

1455  E.  107th. 

1717  E.  121st. 

E.  1  :i5th. 

E.  5l8t. 

637  E.  66th. 

911   E.  80th. 

1197  £.  94th. 

1475  E.  108th. 

1755  E.  12-.M. 

H.'irleiii  Kiver, 

E.  52d. 

MADISON  AVENLE. 


1   E.  23d. 

228  E.  37  th. 

E.  51st. 

750  E.  e.'.th. 

1029  E.  79th. 

\fiH9  E.  112th. 

19'>9  E.  lS6th. 

11  E.  24th. 

244  E.  38th. 

E.  52.1. 

770  E.  66th. 

1047  E.  80th. 

1709  E.  113th. 

1991  E.  127th. 

21  E.  25th. 

262  E.  39th. 

510  E.  53.1. 

790  E.  67th. 

1071   E.  81st. 

1729  E.  114th. 

vol 3  E.  128th. 

37  E.  26th. 

280  E.  40th. 

530  E.  54th. 

811   E.  68th. 

E.  82.1. 

1749  E.  ll.ith. 

2029  E.  129th. 

60  E.  27th. 

298  E.  41  Bt. 

.'>40  E.  55th. 

826  E.  69th. 

1103  E.  83d. 

1769  E.  116th. 

2U!9  E.  130th. 

78  E.  28th. 

314  E.  42d. 

570  E.  56th. 

846  E.  70th. 

1121  E.  84th. 

1789  E.  117th. 

2071  E.  131st. 

96  E.  29th. 

330  E.  43d. 

578  E.  57th. 

E.  71st. 

♦     «     » 

1809  E.  118th. 

2099  E.  13V.1. 

116  E.  30th. 

344  E.  44th. 

606  E.  58th. 

E.  72.1. 

1549  E.  lOr.th. 

1829  E.  119th. 

2119  E.  l;«d. 

132  E.  31st. 

350  E.  45lh. 

634  E.  69th. 

875  E.  73.1. 

1.569  E.  106th. 

1849  E.  120th 

21:9  E.  134th. 

150  E.  32d. 

E.  46th. 

i;50  E.  60lh. 

931  E.  74th. 

1-.89  E.  107th. 

1869  E.  121;;t. 

2149  E.  135th. 

168  E.  33d. 

E.  47th. 

670  E.  61st. 

951   E.  75th. 

1609  E.  108th. 

1889  E.  122.1. 

E.  136th. 

184  E.  34th. 

412  E.  48th. 

686  E.  62.1. 

971   E.  76th. 

1629  E.  109th. 

1909  E.  123.1. 

E.  lS7th. 

I'.S  E.  36th. 

430  E.  49th. 

708  E.  63.1. 

987  E.  77th. 

1649  E.  noth. 

1929  E.  124th. 

E.  i;ath. 

214  E.  36th. 

450  E.  50th. 

726  E.  64th. 

1009  E.  78th. 

1669  E.  lllth. 

1949  E.  125th. 

Harlem  Kiver. 

SIXTH  AVENLE. 


I    Cnrniine. 

112  W.  9th. 

267  W.  17th. 

427  \V.  26th. 

B'way  W.  36th. 

771  W.  44th. 

933  W.  53d. 

2   Minetta  Lane. 

132  Vr.  10th. 

287  VV.  18th, 

447   W.  27th. 

609  \V.  36th. 

791  W.  4.5th. 

951  W.  54th. 

16  W.3d. 

139  Milligan  PI. 

303  W.  19th. 

465  W.  28th. 

631  W.  37th. 

813  ■\V.46th. 

97'   W.  5.5th. 

39  W.4th. 

149  W.  11th. 

319  W.  20th. 

483  W.  29th. 

651  W.38th. 

829  W.47th. 

991  W.66th. 

57   Wash'ton   PI. 

169  W.  12th. 

337  W.  21st. 

499  W.  30th. 

677  W.  39th. 

847  W.  48th. 

1011  \V..57th. 

75  Waverley  PI. 

187  W.  13th. 

355  W.  22d. 

519  W.  31st. 

697  W.  40th. 

867  W.  49th. 

1031  W.  .58th. 

94  Clinton  PI. 

207  W.  14th. 

373  W.  23d. 

533  W.  32d. 

717  W.  41st. 

885  \V.  SOtli. 

1051  W.  5»th. 

105  Greenwich 

227  W.  15th. 

389  W.  24th. 

B'way  W.  33.1. 

735  W.  42.1. 

899  W.  51.st. 

C-utral  Park. 

Ave. 

251  W.  16th. 

409  W.  25th. 

B'way  W.  34th. 

7:.5  W.  43d. 

917  W..52d. 

THE  ORIENTAL  BANK 

182-184  Broadway 

New  York  City 


BRANCH: 
Bowery  and  Grand  St. 


Capital,  Surplus  and  Profits 


$1,950,000 


R.  W.  JONES,  Jr.,  President 

NELSON    G.    AYRES,  1st   Vice-President 
LUDVVIG  NISSEN,  ERSKINE  HEWITT,  CHAS.  J.  DAY,  Vice-Presidents 


GEORGE  W.  ADAM.S,  Cashier 

LEOPOLD  FRIED  RICH, 

Maua^er  Foreig^u  Dept. 


R.  B.  ESTERBROOK, 
LAMAR  ROS.S, 
H.  E.  RANK, 

Assistant  Cashiers 

ForeiKn  Exchange  Bought  and  Sold.     Travellers'  Letters  of  Credit  availabJe  in  'all 
parts  of  the  world.     Commercial  Credits  opened. 


\A/ 


CORDIALLY     IIMVI-TI 


XLIIl 


YOUR       ACCOUIMX. 


CAN 


*^^^^^^^^^^MW^MV» 


NEEDS 

UNDER- 
STANDS 


^^/^^^^^^^^^^^^^s^<^^^ 


KNOWS 


CAN 
PROCURE 


^«^^^^t^^^^^^^^^»^^«^^ 


Bank  ty  mail  hy 
our  system. 


The  protection 

tnat  a  savings 

account  gives  for 

the  future. 


That  ten  million 

dollars  capital 

and  surplus  is  a 

sure  guarantee  of 

safety  of  deposits 


That  4  per  cent, 
interest  com- 
pounded semi- 
annually counts 
up  rapidly. 


One-dollar— 

enough  to  start  a 

savings  account 

with  this  strong 

bank. 


L 


Uncle  Sam  brings  this  strong  Bank  to  your  door 
PROTECT  YOUR   CHILDREN 

SAVE  SOMETHING  REGULARLY.  FOR  SAVING  IS  THE 

FOUNDATION  OF  SUCCESS 

Write  at  once  for  free  booklet  *'D  ".    It  explains  everything. 

TrtE  (olonialTrvst  ©mpamy 

317  FOURTH  AVE- 314-318  DIAMOND  ST. 
PITTSBURGH.  PA..  U.  S.  A. 

Capital  and  Surplus.        ....        Ten  Million  Dollars 

xuv 


Burglar  Proof  Vaults  for  Securities  and  Silver  Plate* 
Fire  Proof  Warehouses  for  Household  Furniture  :  : 
Moth  Proof  Cold  Storage  for  Furs,  Carpets^  Clothing,  etc. 


The  Lincoln 
Safe  Deposit 


Company  ■s**^ 


32  to  ^2  East  ^2d  Street  and  >   tj^ur  Vnrlr 
45  to  55  East  ^Ist  Street  >  ^^^^    lUin 

'    TELEPHONE  CONNECTION 
CABLE  ADDRESS  '*  LINSAFDECO*' 


OFFICERS 

THOMAS  L.  JAMES       .. President 

E.  V.  W.  ROSSITER  Vice-President 

JOHN  R.  VAN  WORMER       ..     Secretary  and  General  Manager 

TRUSTEES 

THOMAS  L.  JAMES,  W.  K.  VANDERBILT.  JR.,  PERCIVAL  KUHNE. 

JAMES  STILLMAN.  E.  V.  W.  ROSSITER,  E.   E.   OLCOTT. 

M.  C.  D.  BORDEN,  JAMES  D.  LAYNG,  JOSEPH    P.  GRACE. 

F.  W.  VANDERBILT,  F.  EGERTON  WEBB. 

WALTER  C.  REID       Warehouse  Superintendent. 

xi.v 


ESTABLISHED    1855, 

The  State  National  Bank  of  St.  Louis 

(United  States  Depositary.) 

==—  ST.   LOUIS,   MO.  === 


CAPITAL,  $2,000,000 


SURPLUS,  $800,000 


OF-RICERS: 

L.  F.  JONES,  President  LOGAN  TOMPKINS,  Cashier 

J.  H.  McCLUNEY,  Vice-President         H.   L.  STADLER,  Assistant  Cashier 

A.  0.  WILSON,  Vice-President  CHAS.   S.  CONE,  Assistant  Cashier 


L.  F.  Jones 
J.  H.  McCluney 
A.  O.  Wilson 
L.  M.  Rumsey 
Daniel  Catlin 


DIREOXOR: 

J.  A.  Scudder 
H.  C.  Haarstick 
M.  B.  Wallace 
T.  S.  Maifitt 
Geo.  F.  Tower,  Jr. 


Geo.  M.  Wright 
Rolla  Wells 
Dwight  F.  Davis 
H.  N.  Davis 
E.  B.  Pryor 


With  a  record  of  a  half  century  of  conaervative  banking,  we  solicit 
the  business  of  banks,  corporations,  firms,  and  individuals.  Corre- 
spondence invited.      Three  per  cent,  interest  paid  on  time  deposits. 


Tii[  riiiTi  AiiD  mn  co. 


OF  INEIXA/  YORK 

1  G'TH  GEORGE  F.  SEWARD  -  -  President 

lo/o  ROBERT  J.  HILLAS      -      Vice-President  and  Secretary 

FIDELITY 


1907 


LIABILITY 


ACCIDENT 


HEALTH 


STEAM  BOILER 
ELEVATOR 


PLATE  GLASS 
BURGLARY 


This  Company  has  been  engaged  in  the  several  MINOR  MISCELLANEA 
OUS  LINES  of  insurance  for  over  THIRTY  YEARS,  and  has  built  up 
gradually  and  prudently  A  VERY  LARGE  CASUALTY  INSURANCE 
BUSINESS,  [ts  annual  income  from  premiums  is  nearly  SIX  MILLIONS 
of  dollars.  Its  business  is  protected  by  assets  of  nearly  EIGHT  MILLIONS, 
including  an  unearned  premium  reserve  of  over  THREE  MILLIONS  of 
dollars,  and  a  special  reserve  against  contingent  claims  of  over  ONE  AND 
ONE-HALF  MILLIONS.  It  has  paid  over  TWENTY-FIVE  MILLIONS 
to  its  policy-holders  FOR  LOSSES.  Its  constant  effort  is  to  give  its  clients 
not  only  INSURANCE  indemnity,  but  urompt  and  effective  INSPECTION 
and  ADJUSTING  SERVICES. 

INSURANCE  THAT  INSURES 


FLY  WHEEL 


DUMONT  CLARKE, 
\VM.   P.   DIXON, 
ALFUEU  W.   HOVT, 


CAPITAL,    §1,0U0,000.00 

DIRECTOIJ8: 

OEO.  E   IDE,  W'M.  J.  .MATHE.SOM, 

W.  ti.  Low,  ALEXANDElt  E.  ORK, 

J.  G.  McCULLOUUU,  HENKV  E.  PIERKEPONT. 

GEO.  F.  SESVAKD. 


SURPLUS,    §1,622,129-12 


AXTON  A.  RAVEV, 

JOHN'  L.  RIKER, 

W.  BMLEN  RtX)SEVELT, 


Principal  OBlees,  Nos.  Ht-lOS    CEDAR  STREET,  NEW  FORK.        Agento  In  all  consi.lerable  towns. 


XLVl 


St.  Louis  Post-Dispatch 

LEADER  IN  ADVERTISING,  AND  WITHOUT  A  REAL  COM- 
PETITOR   IN    CIRCULATION  WEST  OF  THE  MISSISSIPPI 


f 


CIRCULATION 

Average  for  6  months 
ending  June  30,  1907 

Sunday  -  260,939 
Daily  .   -    170,153 


The  POST-DISPATCH  seUs  25,000 
more  papers  in  the  City  of  St*  Louis 
every  day  than  there  are  homes  in 
this  Western  metropolis. 

Its  St.  Louis  sales  are  greater  than 
fhe  combined  sales  of  all  other  daily 
or  Sunday  papers  in  the  same  field. 

It  holds  unchallenged  supremacy  in 
commerc'al  and  *^want"  advertising. 


...EASTERN    AGENTS.. 


S.  C.  Beckwith  Special  Agency 

NEW  YORK=  CHICAGO 


Xr.vii 


^mi 


FULL  QUART  ^m 
BOTTLES     ^1 


HAYNER  BOTTLED- IN- 
BOND  WHISKEY  is  oneof 
the  choicest  whiskies  ever  dis- 

I  tilled— rich  in  quality— mellow 
with   age— delicious  in  flavor 
and  aroma. 
IT'S   PURE  WHISKEY— ab- 

I  solutely  pure  to  the  last  drop. 
PURE.    Made  in  strict  con- 
formity with  the  United  States 
Pure  Food  Law  and  guaranteed 

j  pure  by  our  affidavit  filed  Avitli 
the    Secretary    of  Agriculture 
at     Washington,    Serial     No. 
1401. 
PURE.    Of  the  highest 

I  standard  of  purity  to  pass  the 

[strictest  analysis  of  the  Pure 
Food    Commissions    of    every 

I  State  in  tlie  Union. 

PU  R  E .    Because  it  is  dis- 

I  tilled  aged  and  BOTTLED- IN- 
BOND  under  the  direct  super- 
vision of  the  United   States 

I  Government- and  its  full  age, 


c  DIRECT 

s    FROM     ^   , 

DISTILLERY 
TO     YOU, 


1  iMtK  I>t  FOOD  AlO  OBUGS  < 

jjHt  30.  wee    souAL  m.  koi 

iVNE] 

,  pWVM  STOCK, 

IWHISKEY 

LED  IN  BONI 

EWfNER  WSTHJJNC  <^^^^ 

RY  W2  lOaDBTWCT,  V>a'S>'^J 

,  .      Of  FttS— SHIPPIN6  t»0»v^^ 
»«•  SlUUS  «  51MUL  "W  *^*^ 


full  strength  and  full  measure 
are  CERTIFIED  TO  BY 
THE  UNITED  STATES 
GOVERNMENT  as  shown  by  . 
IT' S  official  stamp  over  the 
cork  of  CA^ery  bottle. 

SEND  US  YOUR  ORDER— 
save  all  the  dealers'  profits  and 
get  this  highest  grade  BOT- 
TLED-IN -BOND  whiskey 
direct  from  distillery  at  dis- 
tillers' price. 

OUR     ORRER 

We  will  send  you  FOUR  FULL 
QUART  BOTTLES  HAYNER 
PRIVATE  STOCK  BOTTLED- 
IN-BOND  WHISKEY  for 
$3.20.  by  express  prepaid— 
in  plain  package  with  no  marks 
to  show  contents.  When  you 
get  it— try  it— every  bottle  if 
you  wish.  If  not  satisfactory, 
return  it  at  our  expense  and 
we  will  return  your  $3.20. 
That' s  fair— isn'  t  it? 


Don't  wait — order  to=day  and  address  our  nearest  shipping  depot. 

Orders  for  Arizona,  California,  Colorado,  Idaho,  Montana,  Nevada,  New 
Mexico,  Oregon,  Utah,  Washington,  or  Wyoming,  must  be  on  the  basis  of 
4  Quarts  for  $4  by  Express  Prepaid,  or  20  Quarts  for  $15.20  by 
Freight  Prepaid.  

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  CO.,  Div.  1408 

Dayton,  Ohio.  St.  Louis,  Mo.  St.  Paul,  Minn.         Atlanta,  Ga. 

153  Distillery,  Troy,  Ohio.  Capital,  $500,000.00  Full  Paid. 

ESTABLISHED  1  86G. 


H 


XLVIII 


THE 


IISTEDT03SOIB1 
WlieimiTHOMSIIIt 


tXTlNGUISHtR 


J-To  Play  •;: 
loStopTorn  Baj) 


Underwriters 

Fire 
Extinguisher 


THE  PIONEER  IN  IMPROVE- 
MENTS WHICH  ARE  NOW 
RECOGNIZED  AS  ESSENTIAL 


The    Capitol — The   White   House 

AND  OVER  550  U.  S.  GOVERNMENT 
BUILDINGS  AND  PROPERTIES  ARE 
PROTECTED     WITH  :  :  : 

The    Underwriters    Fire    Extinguishers 

The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  the  Standard  Oil 
Company,  and  Leading  Concerns  and  Institu- 
tions in  all  parts  of  the  country  protect  their 
valuable  properties  with  :  :  : 

THE    UNDERWRITERS  FIRE  EXTINGUISHERS 

Its  New  Principle^  of  Action  —Covered  by 
Two  Patents — Give  Results  that  Cannot 
Be  Equalled  by  Other  Makes 


A. 


N 


c.  rona/e:  8e 

(Approved  Fire  Fighting  Appliances) 

BroadxA/aiy         -         -         IMEINA/    YORK 

Send    for    F"lj  1 1    Desoriptiv/e     IVIeitter 

XLJX 


VARICOSE  VEINS 

Trouble  many  people  that  suffer  quietly  because  they  have 
always  understood  that  they  could  not  get  relief  even,  to 
say  nothing  about  getting  cured.  To  such  people  what 
encouragement  and  hope  for  better  conditions  such  a 
statement  as  the  following  must  bring: — 

W.  F.  Young,  P.  D.  F. ,  137  Monmouth  St. ,  Springfield,  Mass. 
Dear  Sir:— 

Kindly  permit  me  to  express  my  deep  appreciation  for  the  permanent  cure  recently 
affected  by  your  Avonderful  ABSOKBINE,  JR. ,  of  a  severe  case  of  Varicose  Veins,  whose 
growth  traces  back  20  years,  whicli  all  other  medical  treatment  had  failed  to  relieve. 

For  20  years  my  left  leg  had  been  swollen  above  normal  size,  and  last  Winter 
1  suffered  unendurable  pain  and  lameness  that  set  in. 

I  consulted  a  physician  and  he  advised  me  to  take  to  my  bed  for  two  Aveelisand 
to  forever  afterward  wear  a  rubber  stocking;  either  of  W'hich  w'ould  be  disagreeable. 
I  was  loath  to  follow  these  instructions,  as  it  would  necessitate  being  absent  from  my 
duties  as  foreman  of  the  National  Biscuit  Works,  which  with  the  responsibility  attached 
made  my  services  almost  indispensable  to  my  employers.  To  follow  the  doctor' s  orders 
would  not  only  mean  much  expense,  but  I  dreaded  most  the  monotony  of  confinement. 

I  had  read  of  the  success  of  ABSORBINE,  JR. ,  and  hence  decided  to  give  it  a 
trial.  I  used  a  few  bottles,  with  the  tablets,  and  in  less  than  three  months  the 
lameness  and  all  the  lumps  which  had  been  augmenting  for  years  had  disappeared 
and  I  was  entirely  cured. 

My  duties  being  of  a  nature  that  required  me  to  keep  on  my  feet  all  day,  I  was 
able  to  appreciate  the  value  of  ABSORBINE,  JR. .  and  I  firmly  believe  others  who 
experiment  with  it  will  indorse  my  testimonial.     I  heartily  recommend  it. 

Yours  Very  Respectfully, 

(Signed)  Sept.  20,  1907.  LUKE  KAVANAUGH, 

227  New  Bridge  Street,  Wast  Springfield,  Mass. 


You  can  get  the  ABSORBINE,  JR.  of  your  Druggist 
at  $1.00  per  Bottle,  or  it  will  be  mailed  to  any  address, 
all  charges  prepaid,  upon  receipt  of  price.  Get  the  genuine 
and  you  will  not  be  disappointed. 

Manufactured  only  by 

W.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F...  137  Monmouth  St. 

SPRINGFIELD,    MASS. 


Book  EVIDENCE  Free  If  You  Want  It. 


J 


PAGE  CATALOGUE 


SENT  ON  REQUEST: 


Large  Stock 

of 

Electrical 

Material 

ready  for 

PromirfPeiiveries  |  1  Quick  Delivery 


Attractive  Prices 


A  Square  Deal 


P.  M.  FLETCHER   CO 

32  and  34  Frankfort  Street 
New  York  City 


Telephone,  1100  Beekman 


LI 


TftellesTTomc 


I 


^is^-^y"-^" 


^/.    5fe5^    -*^ 


GIVES  STRENGTH  RESTORES  VIM  and  VIGOR 

PROMOTES    HEALTH 

A  liquid  food  in  predigested  form,  containing  all  the  bracing,  soothing, 
toning  effects  of  choicest  hops,  so  combined  with  the  vital  tissue- 
building  and  digestive  elements  of  pure,  rich  barley  malt  as  to  form  a 
preparation  that  nourishes  the  whole  body,  restores  w^asted  tissues, 
invigorates  the  blood,  refreshes  the  brain,  and  aids  digestion. 


25c.  at  All  Druggists. 


Insist  on  the  Original. 

PICTURE    AND     BOOkC 


Send  U8  your  name  on  a  postal  for  our  interesting  booklet  anr]  "Baby's  First 
Adventure,"  a  beautiful  picture  ot"  baby  life.      Both  FREE. 

^ddrc«s:  PABST  EXTRACT  DEPARTMENT,    -    -     MILWAUKEE,  WIS. 

LI  I 


I  ■  f^ 


&''\ 


^ 


k\ 


Remi 


Typewriter 

is  the  Standard  of  the  World,  by 
which    all     others     are     measured. 

Remington  Typewriter  Company 

(Incorporated) 

New  York  and  Everywhere 


lAIl 


npw  ntTAi  runiiiia  aiid  nm 

USED  IN  CONNECTION  WITH  THE  NEW  **EQUffOISE" 
^    CURVED  CASTING  MOULDS  FOR  STEREOTYPE  PLATES    . 


MADE  WITH  ONE,  TWO,  OR  THREE  PUMPS. 


Affords  the  QuicKest  and  Host  Convenient  Method 
for  Producing  Perfect  Stereotype  Plates 


A  VALUABLE  TIME    AND  LABOR  SAVING  APPARATUS 
WHICH  WILL  SOON  REPAY  THE  COST  OF  INSTALLATION 


Prices  and  other  particulars  desired  will  be  promptl}  given  upon  application  to 

R.  HOE  (El  CO.,  <^  '''tiv^^:r'- 

Also:  192  Devonshire  St.,  Boston,  Mass.  143  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago,  111.  , 

Borough  Road,  London,  S.  E.,  England. 

LIV 


"THE  KOHLER  SYSTEM" 

Automatic  Electrical  Push  Button 

PRINTING  PRESS  CONTROL 


Adopted   by   New  York   World 
OVER  300    EQUIPMENTS    IN    USE 


KOHLER  BROTHERS 


CHICAGO 

Fisher  Building 


NEW  YORK 
1  Madison  Ave. 


LONDON 

56  Ludgtte  Hill,  E.  C. 


LV 


LOOK  HERE! 

V         can  get  the  best  and  fairest  politi- 
-*  ^^   cal  news  printed  in  any  paper;  can 

keep  posted  on  everything  that  is  going 

on  in  New  York. 


Ymir    Wifp    ^^^  ?^*  whether 

1  Uul     rr  lie    Y^QY  grocer's  prices  are 

right,  irom  the  city  advertisements ;  can 
keep  informed  as  to  the  latest  styles  and 
fashions  in  women's  clothes. 


Your  LhudVen  p^ge  comic  weekly 
in  colors  delivered  at  the  house;  can  have 
a  twelve-page  first-class  magazine  with 
colored  illustrations  every  week. 

f  f  O— Send  $2.50  to 

HnU)  ^      ''THE  WORLD/' 

MM\^  %m^   •        p j.^^  Baf/ing,  New  York  City, 

for  a  Yearly  Subscription,  or  order  your 
newsdealer  to  deliver  to  you 

80  Interesting  Pages^ 
12  Pages  in  Colors, 
A  New  Cut-out  or   Game 
Nearly  Every  Week, 


The  New  York 
Sunday  World. 


J 


I.VI 


Liquid  Food 


'^ 


Anheuser-Busch's  Malt 
Nutrine  combines  the  rich, 
strengthening  properties  de- 
rived from  Barley-Malt  and 
the  soothing  qualities  of 
Hops.  It  is  the  most  easily 
assimilable  form  of  liquid 
nourishment. 


^  ^^       ^  TRADE    MARK. 


is  invaluable  to  nursing  mothers, 
feeble  children,  the  a^ed  and 
infirm.  The  most  delicate  stom- 
ach will  accept  and  retain  it 
after  all  other  liquid  or  solid 
foods  have  been  refused. 


Sold  by  all  Druggists  and  Grocers 
in  cases  of  1  Doz.  Large  or  2  Doz.  Split  Bottles 


Anheuser-Busch— St.  Louis.  Mo. 

Also  Brewers  of  the 

Famous  Budweiser  Bottled  Beer 


LVII 


IB  K 


AND 


iPlli  I 


A  School  for  Young  Men^  Conducted  by  the 

Twenty-thkd  Street  Y*  M.  C  A* 

of  New  York  City 

Individual  instruction  in  Commercial,  Steno- 
graphic, Regents,  and  College  Preparatory  subjects. 

Experienced  Instructors,  Library  of  10,000 
Volumes,  Large  Gymnasium,  Swimming  Pool, 
Basket-ball  and  Handball  Courts. 

Our  aim  is  to  develop  the  physical,  intellectual, 
and  spiritual  life  of  our  students. 

Tuition  reasonable. 

Full  details  may  be  secured  by  addressing 

BURT  B.    FARNSWORTH,   Ph.  M. 

215  West  23d  Street 
NEW  YORK 


LVlll 


XHOROUGHL.Y      UR-TO  -DATE 


TH71T*S    WHY 

KENNY'S    HOTEL   DIRECTORY 

(Pocket  size)  is  growing  so  rapidly  in  demand  by  travellers  everywhere.    It  not 
only  inclndes  the  plan  and  rates  of  hotels  in  the      , 

United  States  and  Foreign  Gities 

Jiut  also  contains  tlie 

AUTO    LAWS    AND    CLUB    LISTS 

Of  all  the  States,  besides  much  other  useful  information  for  the  traveller.     It 
is  bound  in  red  leather  witli  gilt  edges. 

PRICE,       -       -       -       FIFTY    CENTS,    POST-PAID 

On   sale   at    news-stands   in  all  important  hotels  and   railroad   stations. 

Also,  Publishers  of  <^ PATTY  OF  THE  PALMS" 

Adam  C.  Haeselbarth's  novel  of  Porto  Rico,  which  jumped  to  success  among 
the  new  books  in  the  Fall  of  1907.  An  all- the- year- round  story.  At  the  best 
book- shops  $1.25,  or,  postpaid,  $1.35. 

KENNY   PUBLISHING  CO.,  1414  Broadway,  New  York 


tho°N3^r^2  "Divine:  rod*- 

on  the  reel  seat,  you  may  be  assured  you  have  the  best.    Others  may  cost 
more,  but  the  quality  is  no  better. 

Rods   made  to  order  and  guaranteed,  of  Split  Bamboo,  Bethabarra, 
Greenhart,  Dagama,  and  Lancewood. 
Send  for  Catalogue.  76  State  St.,  UTICA,  N    Y. 

LIX 


The  student  of  business  affairs  is  the  man  ii)ho  occupies  the  prominent  place  in  the  business 
world.     He   learns  from   experience   and  takes   advantage   of  the   experience   of  others. 


Business  Man's  Magazine 

Is  filled  every  month  with  stories  of  achievement — not  fiction,  but  accurate 
descriptions  of  the  great  business  successes,  with  explanations  in  detail  of  the 
plans,  methods,  systems  that  have  made  these  successes  possible. 

It  costs  $1,00  a  year. 

Mention  the  World  Almanac  and  we  will  send  you  our  200  page  book 
"Commercial  Correspondence"  as  a  premium. 

The  Business  Man's  Magazine,  61  W.  Fort  St.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


Sipartt  lExpprt  Arrntmting  as  a  PrnfeaBtott 

^TT    There  is  no  reason  why  you  should  work  for  a" small  weekly  salary  when  you 
\jL^  might  be  earning  five  times  as  much   as   a   Public   Accountant  or  as  Head 
Accountant  or  Auditor  of  a  big  business.    If  you  are  ambitious  and  willing  to 
advance,  we  can  make  an 

Expert  Arrnuntant 
a«i  Auittor 

of  you  at  your  own  home — in  a  short  time — and  at  a  mere  trifle  of  cost.  It  will  cost 
you  only  about  a  dime  a  day — the  price  of  a  good  cigar.  Clerks,  bookkeepers, 
cashiers — write  us  TO-DAY  and  let  us  tell  you  how  we  can  help  you  double  your 
salary.  We  furnish  all  text  books  and  accept  the  easiest  sort  of  easy  payments. 
You  earn  while  you  learn  and  can  double  your  Income.  Let  us  show  you  our  plan. 
Don't  wait  till  some  one  else  gets  what  you  ought  to  have.  It  costs  nothing  to 
investigate.  Write  to-day.  Mention  World  Almanac  and  we  will  send  you  a  copy 
of  our  book  "Views  Prophetic  of  the  Future." 

StU^rnatinnal  ArrnutitantB*  ^nrUlg,  63  iKort  ^t  M.,  Irtrntt,  Mxt^. 

LX 


A  SOUTH  BEND  WA  TCH 

FULLY  ADJUSTED 


Stands  the  most  severe  tests  in  heat  and  cold 
and  jars  and  jolts  from  railway  travelling, 
automobiling,  horseback  riding,  etc.      :      : 


This 
is  from 
a  photo- 
graph 
of  an 
exhibit 
made 
every 
day  at 
Brooks* 
Casino, 
Chicago, 
during 
the  recent 
National 
Conven- 
tion of 
Retail 
Jewellers. 
Will  your 
watch 
stand 
a  test 
like  this? 


South 

Bend 

Watches 

made 

upon 

honor. 

Sold 

by 

retail 

jewellers 

only. 

Send 

for 

booklet. 


SOUTH 

BEND 

W4TCH 

COMPAN?, 

SOUTH 

BEND, 

IND, 


A  SOUTH  BEND  WATCH  MOVEMENT 
(Running  in  a  rake  of  ice.) 


LXr 


NONA/   IS    THE   TIME 

To  Send  YOUR  Order  For 

Fire  Protection  Supplies 

To-morrow  may  be  too  late ! 

One  Hand  Grenade,  Fire  Extinguisher  or  Chemical 
Engine,  on  the  spot,  ready  for  immediate  use,  is 
worth  a  whole  Fire  Department  on  the  way. 

Some  ot  the  lines  we  carry: 


Hayward  Hand  Grenades 

Hayward  Dry  Powder  Fire  Ex= 
tinguishers 

Chemical  Fire  Extinguishers 

(For  dwellings,  apartment  houses, 
hotels,  stores,  public,  and  private 
buildings) 

Standard    **Babcock"    Fire   Ex= 
tinguisher 

(For  warehouses,docks,vessels,forest 
protection,  etc.) 

Chemical  Fire  Extinguishers 

(Specially  designed  and  patented  for 
Automobile  use) 

Hayward  Patent  Life  Nets 

Fire  Pai!s  (All  kinds) 


Chemical  Hand  Fire  Engines 

(For    country  estates  and  factory 
yards) 

Wilson  Portable  Fire  Escapes 

CFor  dwellings,  hotels,  schools,  etc.) 

Fire  Hose  and  Garden  Hose 

Fire  Ladders, Lanterns, Axes,  and 
Belis 

Hose  Carts, and  all  other  Fire  De= 
partment  Supplies 

National  Smoke   and  Fume  Hel= 
mets 

Glazier  Universal  Swiveling  Noz= 
zles 

(Sizes  from  New  York  Fire  Boat  turret 
nozzles  down  to  lawn  sprinklers) 

Charges 

(For  all  kinds  of  Fire  Extinguishers) 


**  anything  and  Everything  for  Fire  Protectiou  " 

3encl    NONA/  for    Catalog    and    Rrioos 

S.  F.  HAYWARD  &  CO. 

{ESTABLISHED    1868) 

rwo<ki^sl  '^••-  'piug'g  20  Warren  St.,  NEW  YORK 

The  Largest  Fire   Department  Supply    House   in   America 

LXII 


JURS  STOCK  FOOO 

'»   lt»>  IlUllOllttl'"*^- 


""^•UR  STOCK  FO»l»' 


TO  PROVE  BEYOND  TILL  DOUBT  TO  EVERY 
INTELLIGENT       STO%2K      RaiSER         ThSt 

WILBUR'S  STOCK   TONIC 

is  the  world's  greatest  conditioner  and  feed  saver,  we  will  actually  give  away  one  full 
sized  25-lb.pail  to  every  reader  of  this  book  where  we  have  no  agent,  who  writes  us  a 
letter  and  answers  these  questions  : 

FIRST— What  Live    Stxjck  do  you    own Hogs Cattle  Horses 

SECOND— Write  your  name,  post-office,  freight  station  and  State  very  plainly.'Mail  your 
letter  to-  day  and  get  yonr  Free  $3. 50  Pail  of  Wilbur' s  Stock  Tonic. 

WILBUR  STOCK  FOOD  CO. ,  ■  500  Huron  St.,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 


COLUMBIAN  ROPE  CO. 

Factory  and  General  Office,  AUBURN,  N.  Y. 


MAKERS  OF  THE 

"Columbian"  and  **  Eureka"  Brand* 

MANILA  ROPE,   SHIPS'  HAWSERS, 

HOISTING   ROPE, 

TRANSMISSION  ROPE,  Etc. 

New  York  Office    -     62  SOUTH  STREET 


HIGHEST"     AVS/ARDS      WOm-D 


'^e  Proj 
^^^  INDIANAPOLIS 


col 


\i^^^     INFALLIBLE^  WJSy 

FOR  POLISHING  GOLD.SILVER. PLATED 
lWARE.NICKEL.TIN.Bi?ASS.COPPER.EU. 
DIRECTIONS: 

sjake  a  litHe  of  fhe  Polish  on  a  soPklofh,, 
j;ubrheMeral  hardandtheni 


%: 


^r  off  wirh  a  dry  clofh 


IWIM 


-?s- 


A** 


.»«' 


3  OUNCE  BOX,  10c.   I    5  POUND  PAIL,  $1.00 


lONCE  TRIED,  ALWAYS 


I  Bar-keepers 

l\FRIEND> 


rojt 
JScourlng,  aeanslng  and  PoUshlna 

]BAR  FIXTURES 
DRAIN  BOARDS 

AND  ALI, 

nTIn,  Zinc,  Brass,  Copper,  S 
"nNickel  and  all   KitchenjO 

and  Plated  Utensils 
nCIass,  Wood.  Marble, 
Porcelain,  Et 


FAIR 

The  Most 
Reliable 
Goods  in 
the  World. 


BRANCHES : 

New  York  City;  Chicago,  III,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
Established  20  Years.  ' 

MAIN  OFFICE  :  295  WASHINGTON 


Lxnr 


Because 
every 
customer 
recommends 
it  to  his 
^   friends. 

Tr»dc-M«rk  Reibltred  lo  U   S.  Piieoi  Office 

POUND  BOX  POWDER,  25c. 

For  sale  by  Druggists  and  Dealers 
all  over  the  world. 

ST.,  INDIANAPOLIS,  IND. 


Housecleaning  by  Electricity 

THE  Invincible  Electric  Renovator, 
for  convenience  and  adaptability 
to  any  sort  of  housecleaning,  has 
never  been  equalled.  It  resembles 
the  ordinary  carpet- 
sweeper  in  general 
appearance.  The 
material  used  in  con- 
struction is  chiefly 
aluminum,  making  the 
machine  very  light 
and  easy  to  handle. 
A  small  e'ec- 
tric  motor  is  con- 
nected to  a  turbine 
and  brush.  Revolutions  of  the  brush  loosens  the  dirt  while  the 
turbine  creates  a  strong  suction  drawing  up  all  dirt  and  dust, 
depositing  it  in  the  dust  receiver  provided.  Carpets  can  be 
thoroughly  cleaned  on  the  floor,  and  every  corner  is  reached. 
Attachable   appliances    provided    for   treating   walls,  ceilings, 

cornices,  chandeliers, 
curtains,  rugs,  p'ctures, 
stairways,  mattresses, 
cushions,  upholstered 
furniture,  as  well  as  the 
aerating  of  pillows.  The 
machine  works  noise- 
lessly and  quickly. 

This  machine  is  in- 
dispensable ift  hotels, 
clubs,  stores,  hospitals, 
office  buildings,  the- 
atres, public  halls,  cars, 
as  well  as  in  the  home. 
The  absolute  sanitation 
it  affects  is  one  of  the 
many  recommendations 
for  its  constant  use. 

Write  for  descriptive 
booklet 

Electric   Renovator  Mfg. 
Company 

Farmers  Bank  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


LXIV 


cc 


MONGOL" 


EXCELLENT  LEAD 
SUPERIOR  RUBBER 
ATTRACTIVE  TIP 
IDEAL  FINISH 


No.  1,  SOFT   LEAD 

No.  2,  MEDIUM  SOFT 
No.  3,  MEDIUM   HARD 
No.  4,  HARD  LEAD 


rslElNA/    YORK 


JLXV 


THE  MOSLER  SAFE  CO. 


OFFICE  SAFES  :  BANK  SAFES 

Stronger  in  Construction 
than  Any  Other  Make 

Contractors    to   the   United   States 
and  Mexican  Governments 


Fire  and  Burglar  Proof,  Meet  Every  Requirement 

The  Mosler-Corliss  Patent  Bank  Safe 

The  Mosler  Patent  Screw  Door  Bank  Safe 

Plans,  Specifications  and  Estimates  Furnished 


VAULT    AND     SAFETY 
DEPOSIT  WORK 


HOUSE  SAFES — Finished  handsomely 
in  Cabinet  Design,  in  imitation  of  any 
wood  to  harmonize  with  Furniture 
and  Fixtures.   

Safes  Removed,  Repaired,  Exchanged 


373-375  Broadway,  New  York 


Telephone,  1010  Franklin 


Near  FrankUn  Street 


LARGEST  SAFE  WORKS  IN  THE  WORLD 

r.xvi 


Safe 


Deposit  Vaults 

OF 

The  Nassau  Bank 

Cor.  Nassau  and  Beekman  Sf s. 

NEW  YORK 


Safes  to  rent  from  $5  to  $250 

per  annum 


Packages,Trunks,  Silverware 

etc.,  stored 


Open  from  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.M. 
Saturday,  from  9  A.  M.  to  1.30  P.M. 


LXVir 


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Long  Beach 

Long  Island,  New  York 

New  York's  Atlantic  City 


THIS  magnificent  10-mile  ocean  front  resort,  24  miles  from  New 
York  City,  is  the  only  ocean  front  property  within  commuting 
distance  from  New  York  City,  where  one  can  own  an  ideal  home 
free  from  all  detrimental  encroachments. 

LONG  BEACH  is  now  being  developed  at  the  initial  cost  of  eight 
millions  of  dollars.     - 

An  army  of  mechanics  and  laborers  are  transforming  this  superb 
property  from  plans  conceived  after  months  of  labor  by  the  best 
engineers  in  the  country. 

Interesting  literature  containing  views  of  the  property,  together  with 
plans,  which  include  the  5>^-mile  boardwalk,  the  grading  and  macadamiz- 
ing of  streets,  the  building  of  electric  light  and  gas  conduits  and  the 
erection  of  the  million  and  one-half  dollar  hotel  will  be  sent  upon  request. 

Out-of-town  purchasers  have  allowances  made  for  railroad  fare. 

The  conservative  investor  seeking  for  an  opportunity  to  double  and 
triple  his  money  should  investigate  this  property,  and  benefit  by  the 
experience  of  early  Atlantic  City  buyers. 

For  further  information  address 

THE  ESTATES  OF  LONG  BEACH 

225  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 


WILLIAM   H.  REYNOLDS,  President  S.  W.  GUMPERTZ,  Manager 

H.  R.  TALBOT.  Sales  Manager 

LXIX 


EXPORT  PRICESTO 
DOMESTIC  CONSUMERS 


CHEAPEST  MAItORDEl? 
HOUSE  IN  THE  WORLD 


» 


^'Glve  Your  Money  a  Chance  to  Do  Its  Best 

Comparing  the  price  and  quality  of  goods  we  offer  with  the  price  and  qualities  found  elsewhere, 
is  a  beneficial  thing  for  us.  We  want  the  trade  of  the  men  and  the  women  who  teel  they  have 
not  a  cent  to  squander  in  the  buying  of  merchandise,  people  who  must  make  every  cent  count. 

GU71  RTINT  E  El. 

I  further  guarantee  that  if  you  are  not  entirely  satisfied  with  your  purchase,  you  may  return  the 

article  at  our  expense,  in  which  case  a  refund  of  money  will  promptly  be  made. 

Reference:  The  Greenwich  Bank  of  New  York  JOSEPH  EWING,  President 

DO  YOU   WANT    TO   SAVE   TRANSPORTATION    CHARGES? 

Our  Extraordinary  FREE  DELIVERY  Offer 

We  will  pay  all  the  cost  of  sending  goods 
to  you,and"no  matter  in  whaj,  part  of  the 
United  States  you  live,  all  the  freight  and  ex- 
press charges  on  g,oo(\s  shipped  by  us  to  you 
ivill  be  paid  by  us  with  the  exceptions  and 
acrordm.f/ to  the  conditions  as  stated  below  : 
which  you  should  read  carefidly  xnorAer  tliat 
you  will  understand  perfectly  and  so  get  the 
benefit  of  our  Great  Free  Delivery  Offer. 

Paid  purchases  of  §5— Delivered  free 
anywhere  in  New  York,  New  Jersey.  Connec- 
ticut.Delftware,  Pennsylvania,  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  New  Hampshire,  Maryland, 
Vermont  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Paid  purchases  of  SIO— Delivered  free 
anywhere  in  Maine.  Illinois,  Wpst  Virginia, 
Virginia,  Indiana,  Kentucky,  Michigan  and 
Ohio. 

Paid  purchases  of  ^25— Delivered  free 
anywhere  in  Alabama,  Florida,  Georgia, 
Iowa,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Ten- 
nessee and  Wisconsin. 

Paid  pnrcliasesofS50— Delivered  free 
anywhere  in  Louisiana,  Kansas,  Arkansas, 
No.  Dakota, So.  Dakota,  Nebraska, Oklshoma. 
Minnesota,  Texas,  Mississippi  and   Missouri. 

Paid  purchasesof  §75— Delivered  free 
anywhere  in  the  United  States. 

Combine  your  neighbor's  orders  with  your  own  and 
take  adv:intaee  of  this  spleiidiil  offer.  We  will  pack 
each  order  separately,  shipping  in  one  case. 

Write  for  our  large,  free  catalog.  It  fully  describes 
all  "ASCO  "  gnods  for  men  .ind  women,  boys  and  eirls, 
also  our  great  free  delivery  and  premium  offers. 


Sll   AMERICAN  SUPPLY  CO. 

WEST  BROADWAY.  LEONARD  &  FRANKLIN  STS 
NEW    YORK 


American  Supply  Company 

JOSEPH    EWING,  President 

West  Broadway,  Txeonard  and  Franklin 
Streets,  I>ept.  WA,  New  YorJi 


LXX 


ms&im^^S^GaujisEjM 


$2,500 

to 

$10,000 


a  year 

in  this  new  field  which  offers 
ambitious  Bookkeepers  almost 
limitless  opportunities. 
This  Institute,  with  the  best  faoili- 
/      m  ^ai-JFy>^        *'^^  in  all  the  world  prepares  you  for 
k  V  JP^^^   *^®  O.  p.  A.  Examination,  Our  course  is 
•"^'--^    the  most  eflBcient  ever  devised  —  arranged 
and  taught  by  Certified  Public  Accountants 
andCoutisellorsat  Law  of  the  highest  standing, 
and  in  actual  practice.    It  is  thus  intensely  practi- 
cal, capable  and  thorough.   Courses  include  Theory 
of  Accounts,  Practical  Accounting,   Auditing, 
Coinincrcial   F-aw— also  Bookkeeping   and  Jluni- 
ness  Practice.  No  classes.    Instruction  is  individual  and 
is  conveyed  to  you  as  effectively  as  if  the  instructor  were  at  your 
side.     Hence  you  cannot  fail.    Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Success- 
ful students  everywhere  to  whom  we   can  refer.     Write  for  particu- 
ars  to  Dept.  J.  mentioning  subject  that  interests  you. 

UNIVERSAL.    BUSINESS    INSTITUTE,  Inc. 
27-29  East  22cl  Street,        ...         New  York. 


"HI-LO"  ATTACHMENT  No.  1 


(Patented) 


FOR 


dt    ROLL  TOP  DESKS    ^ 


(Patented) 


Affords  You  a  Combined  Stand-up  and 
Roll  Top  Desk  in  One. 

^  Saves  money,  saves  time,  saves  space. 

^  Your  roll  top  desk  can,  in  an  instant,  be 
transformed  into  a  stand-up  desk  for  large 
books,  maps,  samples,  drawing  or  other 
purposes  without  disturbing  your  regular 
work. 

^  The  "  HI-LO,"  when  not  in  use,  can  be 

folded  out  of  the  way. 

^  Order  the  Attachment  and  see  for  your- 
self how  useful  it  is. 

Price,  postpaid,  $3.00, 


"HI-LC^  Desk  Company 


1726  Tribune  Bld'g 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


L 


LXXI 


II  ruiiiiiMiiMii- III!  ii>  1  iifTiai  rjii    r-t  ti]rn»msmtmttiimmtr*S'iinfS3»inm0»'lii'n'rirrvtifm>^f^ammg>if>itmm*i*it)  n'lmM'i  wii 


A  Revelation  in  Steam  Drying  Tables, 


T 


HESE  tables  are  operated  by  compressed  air. 

evenly  maintained  pressure  secured.    The 

old  style  hand  wheel  is  a  thing  of  the 

past.    Time  saved  by  this  process 

is  enormous.  These  tables  will 

pay  for    the    investment 

within  a   short  time. 

Better  time  made 

in  drying 

matrix. 


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STEEL  LOCKERS 


FOR  FACTORIES,  OFFICES,  AND  HOME  USE. 
A  SAFE  PLACE  FOR  CLOTHES.  FIREPROOF. 
VERMINPROOF  AND  SANITARY.  LAST  A 
LIFETIME. 


STEEL  SHELVING 
AND  BINS 

For  Stores  and  Stock- 
rooms. Save  their  cost  in 
a  few  years  in  insurance. 
Save  a  lot  of  spacct 
Stronger  and  cleaner  than 
those  made  of  wood. 


Other  Specialties: 

Steel  Trucks  and  Barrels, 
Steel  Shop  Boxes, 
Complete  Stock-room 
Equipment  based  on  system 
which  reduces  labor  cost 
and  prevents  waste. 


Terrell's  Equipment  Company 


Will  Street, 


GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH. 


Lxxv 


LXXVI 


HiiAdUaaMiMMAMMBMiMAdBiaMaMafl 


BOTTLED  TtTE  BREWERY 


:-'A.'9llK-'>^  J'  'i-WyWiV 


LXXVII 

I     "IH.ill'H.' ,.'..J..i!l'WIW"i'"ii    in  11— IIWUPI Iili|^fiiii|iliii Wi*" 


Chain  Model,  Cushion  Frame,  spring  Forks 

POSITIVELY  the  easiest  riding  and  most 
*  comfortable  mechanical  construction  ever 
devised. 

The  combination  of  THE  PIERCE  Cushion 
Frame.  Spring  Forli  and  Coaster  Braise  leaves 
absolutely  nothing  to  be  desired  in  a  bicycle. 

There  is  nothing  that  will  mal^e  you  feel 
better  physically  than  an  early  morning  spin 
on  a  PIERCE  Cushion  Frame  Bicycle.  Ask 
your  Doctor. 

Models  for  men  and  women— rigid  or  cushion. 
Agents  wanted  everywhere.  Send  for  catalogue 
and  prices. 

THE  PIERCE  CYCLE  CO. 


IVI  AIM  LJ  RAOXLJ  R E  R3 

BUFFALO,  N.  Y.        -       -       k        U.  S.  A. 


LXXVIII 


THE  \A/ILL-IS  RIRE 

A  PIPE  WITH  AN  ASH  PAN— You  Pall  Out  (he  Hole   to   Clean  It. 


The  Resu't   of  ProiMT  Construction    on 
Absoliietly  Scientific  Principles. 

All   the  Bad  Eliminated,  all   the   Good 
Reserved. 

READY  FOR  SMOKING 


READY   FOR   CLEANING 


An   Entirely  New 

Idea,  but  the  real  thing, 
and  as  simple  as  the 
Pipe  of  our  forefathers. 

It  stands  out  in  bold 
relief,  far  in  advance  of 
any  pipe  ever  invented. 

A  free,  cool,  dry 
smoke  always,  and  as 
sweet  as  a  nut. 


No  clogging,  no  frying,  or  stew- 
ing. No  nicotine,  no  odor.  Hy- 
gienic and  healthful. 

It  is  lined  with  Pufe  Aluminum, 
which  is  non-corrosive  and 
tasteless. 

STANDARD  PIPE  No.  1 
mailed  to  any  address  on 
receipt  of   50c. 


1,001     IMOVEL-riEIS 

Send  for  our  1908  Catalogue.     We  m.ake  anything  in  Aluminum — Trays,  Boxes, 
Signs,  Etc.    Also  Paper  Weights,  Calendars,  Book-Marks,  and  Letter  Openers. 


.^'$- 


i'. 


,rs>vn,,^ 


PATENTED  JULY  17.  tS06. 

/TMAfrES 

ANV  CIGAR 

A  BETTEff 

CIGAR. 


.THE.  PERFORATOR 

REMOVES  THE  TOBACCO   CLEAN  FROM  THE  PERFORATION. 

NO   CIDGGING  POSSIBLE.  NO  CRUSHING  OF  THt  CtGAR. 

NO    TEAPINJO  OF    THE    WRAPPER. 
NO  PART  Or  THE. FILLER  CA.N  BE  DRAWN  INTO  THE  jMOUTrl. 
•  e^JtER  DRAFT,  -..SPREADING  AND  COOLING  "^Hc  SMC'KE. 
1^  fiVGiCN/C  AND  HEALTHFUL. 

.   PRICE  25<t  EACH. 


Willis  Key  Ring. 

Double  sectioned.  One  side  for  business 
keys,  one  side  for  house  keys.     Your  ad 
on  the  cross  bar.    Keys  snap  on  and  snap 
off.    Mailed  on  receipt  of  5c.    It  is  made 
of  nickelled  steel. 


WILLIS'DUBOIS  CO., 


150  Nassau  St.,  New  York 


LXXIX 


PHONOGRAPH 

N'OTHING  can  equal  the  satisfaction  there  is  in 
offering  to  your  guests  a  satisfactory  form  of 
entertainment,  one  that  takes  care   of  itself, 
which  does  not  interfere  with  other  forms  of  amuse- 
ment, but  rather  helps  them.     Such  an  entertainer  is 
the  Edison  Phonograph. 

It  can  amuse  the  guests 

by  rendering  music,  popular  or  classic,  or  it  can  aid 
them  by  furnishing  dance  music,  marches  and  other 
things  played  by  the  best  orchestras  and  brass  bands. 
It  costs  less  than  the  hiring  of  even  a  small  orchestra 
for  a  single  evening's  entertainment. 

Don't  be  without  an  Edison  Phonograph  if  only 
for  the  sake  of  your  friends.  Hear  the  new 
model  with  the  big  horn  at  the  nearest  Edison 
store,  or  write  for  a  booklet  describing  it. 

National  Phonograph  Co. 


dCdMrnn^ 


91  Lakegjcle  Avenue, 


Orange,  New  Jersey 


--'  —'"-'^-rj- -^ 


-^~'"  • — - — ^"^y,  fi-'-vr: 


!'''WVT-  a->»^-|^  ftiify  m  ^mn  1 1  Mii  ^B?  ■  — <>»it<sa*t<ifew»flKSi 


LXXX 


■  *i^<ri.T»ii  acs'wjaTi'iojnr.-waia 


BONN  BAUBEK,  Architect  MARK  EIDLITZ  &  SON,  Builders 

VIEW,    LOOKING    SOUTH,    NATIONAL.    PARK    BANK,    NEW    YORK. 
COUNTER    INTERIORS,    FILE    CASES,    DESKS.     TABLES,     OMNIBUSES,     COUPON 

BOOTHS,    ENTIRE    STEEL    CONSTRUCTION 
furnished    by 

ART    METAL    CONSTRUCTION    CO. 

.NEW  YORK  OFFICE:   N.   Y.   LIFE   BUILDING.  JAMESTOWN,   N.   Y. 

LXXXI 


BANKING     ROOM     EQUIPMENT. 

STEEL— MARBLE— BRONZE. 
PORTFOLIO   OF   BANK   VIEWS   0567   UPON    REQUEST. 

ART    METAL    CONSTRUCTION    CO. 

NEW  YORK  OFFICE:   N.   Y.   LIFE   BUILDING.  JAMESTOWN,   N.   T. 

LXXXII 


STEEL  OFFICE   DESKS 


ROLL    TOP,  FLAT    TOP,  TYPEWRITER,  BOOKKEEPER. 

WON'T    BURN",    WARP    OR    SWELL. 

FINISHED    IN    OLIVE    AND    IN    PERFECT    IMITATION    OF    MAHOGANY    OR 

OTHER     HARDWOODS. 


ART    METAL    CONSTRUCTION     CO. 


NEW  YORK  OFFICE:    N.    Y.    LIFE   BUILDING. 

LXXXIII 


JAMESTOWN,   N.   T. 


T.XXXIV 


LXXXV 


STE^EI.    OMNIBUSBS    AND    TRUCKS. 

FOLDER    0G02"   UPON    REQUEST, 

ART    METAL    CONSTRUCTION     CO. 


NEW   YORK  OFFICE:    N.    Y.    LIFE   BUILDING. 

LXXXVI 


JAMESTOWN,    N.   Y. 


STEEL,    VAULT    FIXTURES. 

SEND    VAULT    DIMENSIONS    AND    MEMORANDA     OF 
RECORDS   TO   BE    STORED   FOR    PLANS    AND    ESTIMATES. 

ART    METAL    CONSTRUCTION    CO. 

NEW  YORK  OFFICE:   N.   Y.    LIFE   BUILDING.  JAMESTOWN. 

LXXXVII 


N.   Y. 


LIBRARY  EQUIPMENT 


ST^EEL    BOOK    STACKS,    TABLES.      DESKS 

NEWSPAPER    AND    MAGAZINE    RACKS, 

CARD    INDEX    CASES,    TRUCKS, 

DELIVERY    DESKS.    LIFTS,    DUST    CHUTES,    ETC. 
Folder    0614    Upon    Request. 


ART    METAL    CONSTRUCTION     CO. 


NEW  YORK  OFFICE:   N.   Y.    LIFE   BUILDING. 

LXXXVIII 


JAMESTOWN,    N.   Y. 


iif 


>:?$¥;/.%-,•**</■'• 


Hammerless 
.  Sporting  Rifles 

Beauty  of  outline  is  not  everything.  Yet  this  nfle  has  it  -n 
so  marked  a  deeree  that  it  catches  the  eye  of  every  sportsman. 

but  there  is  also  a  very  practical  reason  why  the  experienced 
sportbman  ijaturally  turns  to  the  Savage  Sporting  Repeater 
ine  fact  that  it  is  ntimmerleBB ;  has  a  safety  device  that  locks 
the  mechanism  and  prevents  accidental  discharge ;  has  an  auto 
miitii;  tiidicaitor  to  tell  when  hammer  is  cocked;  hasamoga- 
zi  lie  holding  six  cartridges  and  an  indicator  to  show  how  many 
■ ,.-  unfired  shells  remain;  ha3  a  solid  wall  of  steel  between  the 

barrel  and  the  operator  in  case  of  defective  shells  or  primers. 
These  are  a  few  of  the  reasons.    There  are  still  otherq 

SAVAGE  ARMS  CO.  5oi2  lavage  Ave.  Utica.  N.  Y, 


■•*i<«5»w»«*«*^'*'* 


,/\jyiM<tH*'^*  J. 


'\ 


'  3vw9:'i*>:*^^?>:*-'  •  •  •  -v^' 


GOLD  MEDAL  CAMP  FURNITURE  MFG.  CO. 

DEl'T.  W,  UACINE,  WIS.,  U.  S.  A. 

We  manufacture  the  celebrated  Gold  Medal  Camp  Furniture,  adopted  by  the 
United  States  Army  and  Navy.    In  addition  to  our  Cots,  of  wliich  we  have  fur- 
nished 250,000  for  the  Array,  our  Tables,  Chairs,  and  Bath  Tubs  have  been  adopted 
by  the  Medical  Department 
of  the  U.  S.  Army. 
We  manufacture  Complete  Camp  Outfits,  and 
sell  our  product  through  dealers.     We  solicit  cor- 
respondence.    Catalogue  free. 

We  pub'ish  four  books  of  about  140  pages  each. 
The  Complete  Camper's  Manual.  The  Complete 
Fisherman's  and  Angler's  Manual,  The  Complete 
Sportsman's  Manual  and  Trapper's  Guide,  and  the 
Big  Game  Hunter's  Manual,  which  we  sell  for 
10  cents  per  copy,  in  postage  or  coin. 


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PATENT  WHAT   YOU  INVENT 

Your  ideas  may  bring  you  a  fortune  if  properly  introduced. 

Ovr  tiiTPt  bonks  vuiilfd  freer- 
**U.  S.  LETTERS  PATENT '»  gives  full  information  in  patent  matters. 
*♦  THOUGHTS  THAT  PAY"  gives  list  of  what  to  invent. 
*'  THOUGHTS  THAT  HAVE  PAID"  giveshistory  of  successful  inventions. 
Write  for  them. 

Cash  offers  for  certain  invention.s.    No  f'harge  for 
reports  as  to  patentability;  semi  sketch  or  model. 
Patent  obtained  or  fee  rel  iirued.    Patents  advertised  for  sale,  free. 

WOODWARD    €y    CHANDLEE 

Patent  Attorneys,         1283  F  STREET,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


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BRENTAN03 

Cable  Codes 
Guide   Books 
Books  of  Travel 

Grammars 
Diclionaries  and 
Text  Books  in 
All  Languages 

Reference  Books 
Correspondence  Invited 

BRENTANO'S 

5th  Ave.  and  27th  St. 
NEW  YORK 


OO    YOU    NA/AISIT 

GOOD  FITTING 

Sails  or  Waterproof 
Canvas  Covers? 


Our    imported    Flax    Canvas 

will  hold  water  until 

evaporation. 


John  Curtifiy  Inc. 

Sailmakers 

2  SOUTH  STREET,    -    =    NEW  YORK 

Phone  U203  Broad 


SO—Y  e:  a 


HniR    SPBQI71LIST 
DR.    UOHISJ    AUGUST 

OLD  RELIABLE  HAIR  REJUVENATOR  never  fails  to  restore 
hair.  Cures  dandruff,  stops  falling  hair,  and  will  give  imme- 
diate relief  from  itching  of  the  scalp.  (Free  from  grease.) 
Vegetable  Preparation,and  is  used  as  a  dressing  throughout 
the  world.     Prices,  75c.,  $l.50and  $3.00  per  bottle. 

SHAMPOO  TABLETS,  35c.  PEIt  BOX. 

Expressage  Prepaid  Send  for  Pamphlet 

Established  Over  50  Vkars  at  7   Clinton    St.,  Buooklxn,  N.  X . 

Removed  to   56   Fiatbush   Ave.,   BROOKLYN.   N.  Y. 


Incubator  Book 


The  Best  That  Was  Ever  Written 


If  you  wish  to  buy  an  incubator  wisely,  read  this  book.  It  will  tell  you  the  facts  that  you 
need  to  know.  It  is  written  by  a  man  who  has  spent  26  years  in  perfectinpr  an  ideal  incubator.  It 
tells  of  the  mistakes  that  he  made  and  that  others  are  making— and  how  to  avoid  them.  It  tells 
you  his  experience  with  all  sorts  of  incubators  the  good  points  and  the  weaknesses  of  all.  It 
tells  ynu  how  he  has  perfected  the  Racine  Incul>ator— in  26  years— until  it  includes  all  the  good 
points  that  .nny  man  has  discovered.  i  he  book  is  interesting — fascinating— and  it  is  written  by  a 
man  who  knows  most  about  incubators.  You  will  know  wlaich  incubator  you  want  when  you  read 
it— and  the  book  is  free.     Write   today   for  it.     Remember,  We    Pay   the   Freight.     Address 

Racine  Hatcher  Co.,  Box  76,  Racine.  Wis. 

We  have  Warehouses  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.— Kansas  City,  Mo.,  and  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

X(J 


■— «aiMi     nm     I  tf»^aa^^ 


Ask  Your  Printer  For 


HASTINGS  BOND 

The  Ideal  Paper  For 

BUSINESS    STATIONERY 

Sold  Everywhere 


INSIST  ON  IT 


We  are  Headquarters  for  Supplies  of  Every  Description 


-FOR  — 


Institutions 

Hospitals,Hotels 

Railroads 

Office  Buildings 

•  •  • 

Government 
Supply  Contractor 


Our   New  Catalogue 
No.  42  Is  ready- 
ask  for  it 


Goods  shipped  through- 
out United  States  and  its 
possessions,  Canada  and 
Mexico. 


Manufacturer  and 
a^ent   for 

Alpine  Wax  Floor 
Polish.  Ash  Cans. 
Basketware.  Brooms, 
Brushes.  Chamois, 
Cuspidors,  Feather 
Dusters, Floor  Polish. 
Mats  and  Matting. 
Metal  Polish.  Mops 
and  Handles,  Mop 
Wringers,  Palls,  Rub- 
ber Goods,  Soaps  and 
Powders,  Scouring 
Soaps,  Scrub  Cloths. 
Sponges,  Toilet 
Paper,  etc. 


Samuel  Lewis 

5  Front  Street 

NEW    YORK     CITY 


xci 


18  YEARS  ONTHE  MARKET 

"DIVIDED"  ROLL  TOILET  PAPER 


■^V--J 


"HONEST  COUNT  " 

(100  ROLL  CASES) 

This  brand  has  1,000  Sheets  to  each 

roll,  or  nearly  five  hundred  feet  of  Tissue 

'•divided"  into  sheets,  held  by  a  narrow 

'•  bond/'  which  may  be  ruptured  easily  and 

without  waste.    The  quality  of  paper  always 

the  very  best. 

NOTE— "Honest Count"  means  just  thai, 
while  consumers,  in  buying  ToiletPaper,  think 
thev  are  getting  1, 000  Sheets,  it  is  a  fact  that  90 
percent,  of  all  that  is  sold  contains  leis. 

Every  Roll  is  guaranteed,  on  its  wrapper, 

in  the  following  language : 

"To  any  one  who  will  forward  to  the 
manufacturer  this  wrapper,  with  an  affidavit 
that  this  roll  is  not  as  represented  in  every 
particular,  ive  uyill  forward  free  of  charge  Ten 
Ro:h. ' ' 


Large  consumers,  and  small  ones  also,  need  just  such  protection 
against  fraud  in  the  "  fatherless"  rolls,  bearing  "  fancy  "  names  merely. 
Which  are  plentiful  in  the  market. 


H 


ec 


JEZROMEl"     FIXTURE 


IS  THE  RESULT  OF  MANY  YEARS'  EXPERIENCE  OF 
THE  REQUIREMENTS  OF  A  ''PERFECT"  FIXTURE, 


1.  All  pnrts  are  together  when  it  leaves  the 
factory  and  are  so  retained.  None  can  be  lost 
or  mislaid. 

2.  No  instruction  necessary  as  to  "  how  to 
put  up ' '  or  work,  its  action  being  universal 
and  automatic. 

3.  Tension  to  prevent  paper  from  unwinding 
too  freely  is  obtained  in  the  only  rational  way— 
i.e.,  by  a  slight  spring  acting  against  end"  of 


roll.  This  tension  may  be  increased  at  will, 
and  is  so  arranged  that  as  the  roll  diminishes, 
the  tension  also  diminishes. 

4.  Locked  with  the  most  perfect,  yet  simple 
automatic  lock  ever  devised. 

5.  Durabilitv— so  constructed  ^  to  last  for 
years— rendering  it  the  cheapest  fixture  to  be 
had. 


The  Jerome  Paper  Co. 

(M.  B.  SIVIIXM,  fS/Ianager) 

570  SEVENTH  AVENUE   (near  4ist  St.)  NEW  YORK 


RHOIME,  l^ai 
XCII 


Bryant 


ESTABLISHED    1883 

EMPIRE  TOWEL  SUPPLY 

AND 

LAUNDRY  COMPANY 

348-352  West  Street,  New  York  City 

Between  Houston  and  Clarkson  Sts.  Telephone,  654  Spring 


We  are  the  only  Towel  Com- 
pany in  New  York  doing  our 
own  laundry  work,  thereby 
giving*  our  patrons  the  cleanest 
of  linen. 

WE  PLACE  INITIALS  ON 
TOWELS  IF  SO  DESIRED 

Thereby  giving  the  customers 
their  own  private  towels  with 
no  extra  charge. 


PLEASE   NOTE  OUR  MODERATE  TERMS 

4  Clean  Hand  Towels   per  week $0.75  per  month. 

6 
3 
5 


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It 


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1.00     " 

.75     " 

1.00     " 


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Special  Rates  on  Larger  Orders 


DROP  US  A  POSTAL  AND  WE  WILL  CALL  AND  EXPLAIN    OUR   SYSTEM 

XCIII 


-■-- — -»- ^    .    ,   » 


THE  SOAP  OF  THE  FUTURE 


'THE  W.D.  CO/S  Liquid  Soap  Dispenser  provides 
*  the  only  clean,  sanitary,  and  economical 
method  of  using  soap. 

Price,  complete       -       -       -       $2  50 
One  gallon  of  Liquid  Soap     -     $2.50 

3e:imd    ror    booklet 


DISINFECTANTS 

'THE  most  complete  line  and  largest  manu- 
*   facturers  of  disinfectants  and  disinfecting 
appliances  in  the  world. 


WEST  DISINFECTING  CO.  (Inc.) 

Head  Office:   9  East    Fifty-ninth  Street,  NEW    YORK 

BRANCHES  IN  ALL  PRINCIPAL  CITIES, 


Non- 
Poisonous 


10,  25,  50c. 
All  Druggists 


xc;iv 


T  X  rHETHER  you  are  a  banker,  law- 
^  ^  yer,  broker,  editor,  merchant, 
railroader — in  short,  no  matter  what 
your  business  or  profession  may  be,  you 
have  use  for  a  typewriter  in  your  office. 
Since  the  prices  of  all  high-grade  type- 
writers are  practically  the  same,  there 
is  no  excuse  for  a  business  man  equip- 
ping his  office  with  other  than  the 
best. 

We   stand    ready    at  any  time    to 
demonstrate   to    your  satisfaction  the   superiority  of 


THE  ]\| 

VISIBLE   TY 


RC 


over  all  other  high-grade  writing  machines.  It  has 
been  said  "  The  Typewriter  Is  the  Business  Man's  Best 
Friend."     Then  why  not  exercise  the  same  discretion 

in  selecting  your  typewriter  that  you 
would  display  in  choosing  your  friends? 
Make  your  choice  from  those  of  the 
highest  class.  The  MONARCH 
VISIBLE  TYPEWRITER,  like  a 
good   friend,  *''  will  stand  the  strain." 

THE = 


MONARCH  TYPEWRITER  COMPANY 

319  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

o  — 

General  Offices  and  Factory    •     Syracuse,  New  York 

xcv 


Do  You  Live  in  the  Country? 

How  is  Your  House  Supplied  with  Water? 

The  success  of  your  home  as  a  comfortable  and  sanitary  abode  depends 
largely  on  your  water  supply. 

Artificial  heat  is  required  only  in  winter — artificial  light  only  at  night. 
Water  is  required  during  all  seasons — day  and  night. 

The  Kewanee  System  of  Water  Supply 


will  enable  you  to  have  an  abundant  supply 
of  water — available  at  any  hour  of  the  day  or 
night — delivered  to  your  bathroom,  kitchen, 
laundry,  barn,  garden,  lawn— anywhere — un- 
der the  same  strong  pressure  as  an  up-to-date 
city  water  works  system. 

The  Kewanee  System  does  away  with  the 
drudgery  of  carrying  water  in  pails— a  task 
which  men  shirk  and  women  should  never  be 
obliged  to  do. 

With  the  Kewanee  System  you  use  the 
water  from  your  own  well,  cistern  or  other 
natural  source  of  supply.  The  tank  is  placed 
out  of  sight  in  the  cellar,  or  under  ground. 


No  leaky  attic  tank  or  unsightly  elevated  tank 
to  freeze  or  collapse. 

The  Kewanee  System  is  easy  to  install,  easy 
to  operate  end  costs  nothing  for  repairs.  Over 
8,000  Kewanee  Systems  are  now  furnishing 
water  to  country  and  city  homes,  clubs,  hotels, 
schools,  apartment  buildings,  public  institu- 
tions and  towns  under  an  absolute  guarantee 
of  satisfaction. 

Our  engineers  will  solve  your  water  supply 
problem,  furnish  plans  and  estimates  free 
of  charge.  Write  today  for  catalogue  num- 
ber 31  (64  pages  illustrated)  which  explains 
everything. 


Kewanee  Water  Supply  Company,  Kewanee,  Illinois* 

No.  32  Broadway,  New  York  City.  820  Marquette  Bldg.,  Chicago. 

404  Equitable  Bldg.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


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Flat  Bed  Web -Perfecting 
Newspaper  Press 


IN  USE  THROUGHOUT  THE 

WORLD 


Prints  5,000  to  6,000  per  hour 
of  either  4, 6, 8, 10  or  12  pages 
WITHOUT  STEREOTYPING 

Duplex  Printing  Press  Co. 

BATTLE  CREEK,  MICH. 


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XCVII 


THE 

BOTTLE 

KEEPS  CONTENTS 
/  SCECOLDOR 

RED  HOT    - 


IM  THE  WOODS 


ON  THE  BEACH 


INWEHOMW. 


7ff£ 
WMfitR  Mil. 


FOR  SALE  AT  ALLFlRSrCLASS  DEALERS 

INTERHAnoriAL SALES  CO.  5S7  5StAVE..NY  DISTRIBUTORS. 

Write  for  Booklet  "  Story  of  a  Wonderful  Bottle' 


XCVIII 


ADVERTISERS    I IM     THE     \A/ORL-D    AL_iVIAIMAO 


A  page]  C  page 

Aarat  Stamp  t/'o    ^ 863  Commercial  Correspondence 

Schools... 833,853 

Conti,  Cesare, 859 

Continental  Audit  Co.,  The..xxiv 


Aaron,  The  D.  C,  Pen  Co xxiv 

Alcohol  Utilities  Co 827 

American  Box  Ball  Co 857 

American  F^lt  Co 861 

American  Crass  Twine  Co xli 

American  News  Co..  The xxii 

American  Poultry  Advocate,  .xxvi 
An.erican  Sheet  itnd  Tin  Plate 

Co 18 

American  Supply  Co Ixx 

American  Type  Founders  Co... 840 
American  Wine  Growers'Asso- 

ciation I6a-16d 

American  Writing  Machine  Co-863 

Andrews,  J.  H   844 

Anglo-Am.  Telegraph  Co xxxv 

Anheuser-Busch  Brewing  Asso- 
ciation   Ivii 

Ansorge-Bftch-Runkel  Co 16m 

Art  Metal     Construction    Co. 

Ixxxi-lxxxviii 

Audel.  Theo  .  &  Co viii,  xxv 

August,  Dr.  John xc 

August    Meitz   Iron    Foundry 

and  Machine  Works 16aa 

Auto  Igniter  Co 16w 

Autographic   Register  Co 859 

Automatic  Adding  Machine  Co. 833 
Automatic    Pencil     Sharpener 
Co XXI 

B 

Baird,  Dr.  W.  T 841 

Bardeen,  C.  W xvii 

Barnes  Sanitarium xxvi 

Barrow,  Wade.  Guthrie  &  Co.. 833 

Bartholomay  Brewing  Co xiv 

Beach,  E  ward  S 828,862 

Bear,  Sol  &  Co 16j 

Behning  Piano  Co.,  The 815 

Behringer,  E 863 

Bel  le  City  Incubator  Co 857 

Bell's  Homeopathic  Pharmacy. 861 

Bendiner  &  Schlesinger xxxix 

Berger's  Metal  Ceilings 862 

Best.  Edward  H.,  &  Co xl 

Black,  A.  Parks,  G.  M.  .847-850-852 
Blickensderfer  Mfg.  Co.,  The.  .xxv 

Bollettino  Delia  Sera xxxvii 

Boomer  &  Boschert  Press  Co. .  .855 

Bowery  Savings  Bank,  The 823 

Brennan  Motor  Co 855 

Brentano's xc 

Breslin  Hotel 861 

Brooks  Detective  Bureau xxv 

Brotherhood  Wine  Co 16e 

Brown  Pharmacy,  S.  A 861 

Broztell  Hotel 861 

Buchanan,  James,  &  Co.,  Ltd. .  .864 
Burlington  Venetian  Blind  Co., 

16  bb 
Business  Man's  Magazine Ix 


California  Wine  Association. .  .16h 

Callanan,  L.  J 860,  862,  863 

Careful  Carpet  Cleaning  Co 859 

Gary  Mfg.  Co 16n 

Chi  Ids,  J.  C  XXX  vi 

Chinese  Tuxedo  Restaurant. . .  .860 

City  Forge  &  Iron  Works 848 

Claflin,  The  H.  B.,  Co 818-819 

Cluthe.  Ohas.  W 16gg 

Cobb,  George W.,  Jr 16v 

Coleman,  Watson  E xxiv 


Country  Hydrant  Co. ,  The 16o 

Couse  &  Bolten x 

Curtin,  John,  Inc xc 

Curtiss  Mfg.  Co xviii 

D 

Daniels,  Dr.  A.  C  ,  Inc x 

Davids,  Thaddeus 859 

Decker  &  Sons 817 

Deming  Co.,  The Cover  2 

Ditman,  A.  J xvii 

Divine,  The  Fred.  D.,  Co lix 

Dodge  Co.,  The 840 

Drake  School 848 

Dun,  R.  G.,  &  Co 860-862 

Duplex, Phonograph  Co 856 

Duplex  Printing  Press  Co xcvii 

Dykema  Co ' 841 

'    E' 

E   &H.  Mfg.  Co 853 

Eagle  Typewriter  Co 863 

Eiseman  &  Co 16j 

Electric  Renovator  Mfg.  Co...lxiv 

Electro-Chemical  Ring  Co xiii 

Elmcroft  Sanitarium  .  .xxviii-xxix 

Empire  Elec  trie  Sign  Co 860 

Empire   Towel  Supply  and 

Laundry  Co xciii 

Epilepto  Institute 16m 

Estates  of  Long  Beacli,  The...lxix 
Evans,  Wilkens  &Co xxvi 

F 

Faber,  Eberhard Ixv 

Farnsworth,  Burt  B.,  Ph.M...lvii 
Fidelity  &  Casualty  Co.,  The..xlv 

Fitzgerald  &  Co 862 

Fletcher,  P.  M.,  Co 

Ford,  Issac  H 859 

Fox- Borden  Mfg.  Co 839 

Fried,  Ohas 848 

Friedenwaid,  J.H.,  &  Co vii 

Fuller's  Detective  Bureau. 860' 

Fuller,  Geo.  R.,  Co xiii 


G 


.833 


Gaucher,  A.  C 

General  Compressed   Air     and 

Vacuum  Machinery  Co ii 

Glendale  College 863 

Glenn's  Sulphur  Soap 843 

Gloeckner  &  Newby  Co 859 

Gold   Medal  Camp  Furniture 

Co Ixxxix 

Great  Bear  Spring  Co 16u 

H 

Hall  Mfg  Co 853 

Harlem  Electrical  Institute 851 

Hastings  Bond xci 

Hastings     &     Mcintosh    Truss 

Co.,  The ^ 847 

Hay's  Hair  Health I6y 

Hayner  Distilling  Co.,  The..xlviii 

Hay  ward,  S.  F.,  «fe  Co Ixii 

Heck,  Louis 852 

Hill's  Hair  and  Whisker  Dye.  .843 

Hi-Lo  Desk  Co Ixxi  and  16s 

Hocking,  W.  C,  &  Co 846 

Hoe,  R.,  &  Co liv 

Hoffman,  G.  W Ixiii 


I                           PAGE 
Ingersoll,  O.  W xi 

Interborough     Rapid     Transit 

Co 835-839 

International  Accountants'  So- 
ciety  li 

International     Correspondence 

Schools., 801-804 

International  Sales  Co xcviii 

International  Stock  Food  Co xv 

Irkenbach,  Geo.  A.  Co 860 

Irwin,  Russell  L xviii 

J.saacs,  Alfred  A 862 


Jagels  &  Bell  is I6ee 

Jeffrey  Mfg.  Co.,  The Ixviii 

Jerome  Paper  Co.,  The xcii 

Jones,  He  Pays  The  Freight ....  852 

K 

Kasner,  A.  H xxv 

Kelly  Co.,  Tht  O.  S 846 

Kelsey  Heating  Co xxxiv 

Kemp,  C.  M.,  Mfg.  Co  . . .    ...... 854 

Kenny  Publishing  Co iix 

Kewanee  Water  Supply  Co,. .  .xcvi 

Kingsley  School 863 

Kissick's  Business  Institute 849 

Kohler  Brothers jv 

Krakauer  Bros 816 

I. 

Lacey,  R.  S.  «&  A.  B xvii 

Laffargue  Co ' 814 

Lewis,  Samuel xci 

Liebraann's  Sons  Co.,  S 16k 

Lincoln  Safe  Deposit  Co.,  The..xlv 

Lineograph  Co.,  The 856 

Longacre  Hotel 861 

Long  Island  Railroad xxxvii i 


R. 


.862 
.861 
.660 
.16y 


.859 


Longman's  Sons, 

Lotz,  Henry  A 

Luisi  Detective  Agency 

Lynn  Incandescent  Lamp  Co. 

M 

Mager  A  Gougelmann 

Mark  Sons,  Jacob 863 

Mason  Cancer  Institute 16s 

Mast,  P.  P.,  &  Co 845 

Maxweli-Briscoe  Motor  Co 16cc 

MeilinkMfg.  Co.,  The v 

Mendenhall,  C.  S 850 

Merc hant  &  Evans  Co vi 

Merritt  &  Co 16q  and  16r 

Mietz  Iron  Foundry,  Aug 16aa 

Mi  iton  Cigar  Co 832 

Mitchell  Military  Boys'  School, 

The 863 

Monarch  Typewriter  Co xcv 

Mosler  Safe  Co.,  The Ixvi 

Mount    <fe  Robertson 16x 

Muller.  Wm.  H 16t 

Munn  &  Co 846 

Myers,  S.  F.,  Co iii 

N 

Nassau  Bank,  The Ixvii 

Nathan  Novelty  Co 855 

Nationa  1  Phonograph  Co Ixxx 

Newcombe's  Detective  Agency. 660 
New  Jersey  Military  Academy.. 863 
New  York  Camera  Exchange. .  .844 
New  York  Post-Graduate  Medi- 
cal School  and  Hospital 834 

New  York  Preparatory  School ...  14 


Holmberg,  August  W 860 

College  for  Women  863! Hough.  Franklin  H xJNew  York  School  of  Industrial 

Colonial  Trust  Co.,  The xMvjHoyt,  Wm.   E ix|     Art 850 

Columbia  Warehouses 863,Hubbs.  Chas.  F.,<fcCo 832  New  Vork  Sunday  World.  The.  Ivi 

Columbian  Rope  Co Ixiii  Huston  Bros 841  Northrop,  Col)urn  &  Dodge  Co    16t 

XCIX 


ADVERTISERS     I IM     XHE    NA/ORl-D  *  AL.IVI  AIM  AO 


O  PAGE 

,  Ogilvie,  J.  S.Pub'gCo 842,831 

1  Olds  Gas  Power  Co 843 

Omnigraph  Mfg.  Co 863 

Oriental  Bank xliii 

Otis  Elevator  Co xii 


Pabst  Brewing  Co lii 

Pain  Manufacturing  Co.,  Tlie..861 

Parker,  C.  L xii 

Pearl<fc  Sons  Co.,  Henry 16w 

Pease  Piano  House 8f)2 

Pettes  &  Randall  Co 860 

Philo-Burt  Mfg.  Co 845 

Pierce  Cycle  Co.,  The Ixxviii 

Pleasant  Valley  Wine  Co 16f 

Pompeian  Mfg.   Co 2 

Porter,  B.  B 862 

Powell,  H.  B.,&Co 861 

Power,  Nicholas,  Co ...854 

rress  Co.,  The 862 

11 

Racine  Hatcher  Co .Nxc 

Rapid  Addressing  Machine  Co.859 

Rathbone,  R.  C.,  <fc  Son xi 

Ray,  "William  H.,  Printing  Ink 

Mfg.  Co Cover  3 

Remington  Typewriter  Co lii 

Reynolds,  Wni.  H Ixix 

Ricketts  &  Banks 859 

Rieger,  J.  &  Co 857 

Rife  Automatic  Ram  Co 856 

Ringler,  Geo.  &  Co Ixxvi 

Robinson,  Geo 844 

Rowe,  A.  C,  &  Son xlix 

Ruppert,  Jacob Ixxvii 

Ryan,  P 862j 

Ryede  Specialty  Works 16ffl 


S                         PAGE 
Safety  Car  Heating  and  Light- 
ing Co.,  The 859 

Sahler,  Dr.C.O., Sanitarium. .  .xxxi 

Salomon,  A.  L.  &  Co 858 

Sanden,  Alfred 16-1 

Sanitarium  Directory 

xxvii,  XXX,  xxxii 

Savage  Arms  Co Ixxxix 

Schnoter,  J.  C.  Co 844,  855 

Schulte.  A 860 

Schwarzschild     &    Sulzberger 

Co 16aa 

Scott,  The  Chas.  A.,  Co xviii 

Scribner,  J.  W.,  <fe  Co ix 

Sieber  &  Trussell  Mfg.  Co xix 

Simmons  Co.,  John 861 

Sinn,  A.  W 861 

Smith,   L.    C,    &    Bros.    Type- 
writer Co  XX 

South  Bend  Watch  Co Ixi 

Spencer  Surfacer  Co 16y 

Springfield  Elastic  Tread  Co..xvii 
Springfield  Metallic  Casket  Co., 

The 831 

State    National     Bank    of    St. 

Louis,  The xlvi 

Stephen  Merritt  Burial  Co.,The.863 

Stewart  &  Hencken 861 

Stirling  Kennels 861 

Stront,E.  A.,  Co 86-J 

St.  James  Society 854 

St.  liOuis  Post-Dispatch xlvii 

Stuart  Plaster-Pad  Co 858 

Sun  Kim  Lung  Co 860 

Syracuse  University 820-822 

T 

Tate,  Edgar,  .fe  Co 844 

Terrell's  Equipment  Co Ixxv 

Thorburn,  J.  M.,  &  Co i 


T  PAGE 

Toledo  Computing  Scales  Oo. .  .844 

Trautman,  Ira  F 859 

Travelers'  Insurance  Co civ 

Tyrrell's  Hygienic  Institute c 

U 

U.  S  Changeable  Sign  Co 16v 

Universal  Business  Institute.. Ixxi 
Urbana  Wine  Co 16g 

V 

Vacuum  Cleaner  Co. ,  The 16z 

Vail,  Dr. Edwin  Smith. .xxviii-xxix 

Vallely,  P.  W 832 

Victor  Safe  &  LockCo.,  The .  ..xxiii 

Victor  Typewriter  Co 16dd 

Von  EglofTstein 862 

Vreoman,  E.  E 16s 

Wadsworth,  AlvinD.,  M.D.  .xxxiii 

Walter*  Co 859 

W^aterman .  L,  E.,  Co.,  xvi  &  Cover  4 

Weeks,  D.  C,  &  Son 824-826 

Wesel  Mfg.  Co. ,  F Ixxi v 

West  Disinfecting  Co.,  Inc.. .  .xciv 
Westlotorn's  Detective  Agency  860 

Westminister  Hotel 861 

Why te,  Jno.  H.,  Mgr 859 

Wilbur   Stock  Food  Co Ixiii 

Williams,  Percy  G 861 

Willi.s-DuBois  Co Ixxix 

Willmann,  Wm.  G 16p 

Wilson  Bros 832 

Winslow's  Soothing  Syrup,Mrs  .iv 

Woodlawn  Cemetery,  The 859 

Woodwardifc  Cliandlee Ixxxix 

Wurlitzer,  The  Rudolph  Co. . .  .847 

Y 

Y.  M.  C.  A iviii 

Young.  W.  F 1 


CAUSE— EFFECTS— CURE 


CONSTIPATION 

John  Kirschbaum,  Water- 
bury,  Conn.,  writes. 

"Received  your  'Cascade' 
about  three  weeks  ago,  and  have 
been  using  it  ever  since,  most 
every  evening.  I  am  55  years 
old,  and  my  case  is  one  of  30 
years'  standing.  Have  been 
troubled  with  constipation  and 
dyspepsia.  The  results  are,  have 
lost  my  bloated  abdomen,  so 
my  clothes  do  not  fit  any  more. 
Appetite  fair.  Get  up  in  the 
morning  with  a  clear  head,  find 
myself  in  better  ."lumor.  and  am 
mentally  brighter."  20  Grove  St. 


RHEUMATISM 

INDSGESTION 

BILIOUSNESS 

DIARRHOEA 

HEADACHE 

PARALYSIS 

EMACIATION 

KIDNEY  TROUBLE 

PALPITATION 

DIZZINESS 

BAD   BREATH 

TYPHOID 

LA   GRIPPE 

PNEUMONIA 

ERUPTIONS 

NERVOUSNESS 

GENERAL 

DEBILITY 


INTERNAL,   BATH 

IJy  iHeaiis  of 

TYRRELL'S    "J.   B.    L. 

CASCADE." 

Mrs.  E.  A.  Wolcott,  of  Eaton- 
town,  N.  J.,  writes: 

"The  'Cascade'  has  done  so 
much  for  us.  My  husband  would 
have  been  in  his  grave  but  for 
that.  He  had  every  bad  feeling 
thatfleshisheir to,  Doctorssaid, 
Weak  Heart,  Liver  Trouble, 
Muscular  Rheumatism,  Indiges- 
tion,   Bilious   Colic    and    many 

,  other  things.  Al  I  have  left  him 
iiow.     He  has   worked  hard  all 

'the  Summer,  eats  well,  sleeps 
well,  and  looks  5  years  younger. 
Gratefully." 


We  liave  cured  50,000  siiflerer.s  ami  ran  cure  5'ou  I 

Call  on  Dr.  Tyrrell  for  Free  Consultation,  or  write  for  Free  Booklet,  "The  What,  The  Why,  The 
Way."  We  prove  that  90  per  cent,  of  all  ailments  come  from  constipation,  which  can  be  cured  without 
medicines  of  any  kind.      Don't  suffer  and  die.      Learn  the  startling,   wonderful  truth  and  enjoy  life. 

Tyrrell's  Hygienic  Institute.  Dept.  201,   327  Fifth  Avenue,   New  Ycrl^  City 


-^ 


ADVERXISIIMG     INDEX. 


Addinff  Dfachlnes.  page  Camp  Furniture. 

Automatic  Adding  MacblneOo.SSS 


Ales  and  Beer. 

Anheuser-  Busch Ivii 

Eartholomay  Brewery  Co xiv 

Geo.  Ringler  &  Co Ixxvi 

J.  Ruppert Ixxvii 

S.  Liebmann'sSons 16k 


Amusements. 

American  Box  Ball  Co. 


..857 


Artificial  Eyes. 

Chas.  Fried 848 

Artificial  Limbs,  etc. 

A.J.  DItnian xvii 

Geo.  R.  FuUerCo xili 

Automobiles. 

Maxwell- Briscoe  Motor  Co... 16cc 

Auto  Tires. 

A.  H.  Kasner xxv 


Bandages— Suspensory. 

A.  Parks  Black 852 

Banking  by  Mail. 

Colonial  Trust  Co xliv 

Banks. 

Bowery  Savings  Bank 823 

Colonial  Trust  Co xliv 

Oriental  Bank xliii 

State   National    Bank    of   St. 
Louis xlvi 

Batb  CabinetSf  etc. 

Russell  L.  Irwin xviii 

Bicycles. 

Pierce  Cycle  Co Ixxviii 

Books  of  Instruction. 

Commercjal    Correspondence 

Scliools 833,  853 

Tbeo.  Audel  &  Co viii,  xxv 

Booksellers. 

Breutano's xc 

Box  Strapping. 

Cary  Manufacturing  Co 16n 

Box  Trucks. 

City  Forge  and  Iron  Works 848 

Breweries. 

Anheuser- Rusch Ivii 

Bartholomay  Brewery  Co xiv 

Geo.  Ringler  &  Co Ixxvi 

J.  Ruppert Ixxvii 

S.  Liebmann's  Sons 16k 

Brick  3Iachines,  Etc. 

Dykema  Co 841 

Building  Directories. 

U.  S.  Changeable  Sign  Co 16v 

Business  Men's  Magazines. 

Business  Man's  Magazine Ix 

Business  Stationery. 
Hastings  Bond xci 

Cable  l.<ines. 

Anglo-American  Telegraph  Co. 

XXXV 

Cameras. 

N.  Y.  Camera  Exchange 844 


PAGE 

Gold  Medal  Camp  Furniture 
Co Ixxxix 


Caskets. 

Springfield 
Co 


Metallic    Casket 


.831 


Catalogues. 

General  Compressed   Air  and 

Vacuum  Machinery  Co ii 

P.  M.  Fletcher  Co li 

S.  F.  Myers  Co iii 

Cigar  Lighters. 

Auio  Igniter  Co 16w 

Cigars. 

Milton  Cigar  Co 832 

Coal. 

Jagels&  Bellis 16ee 

Computing  Scales. 

Toledo  Computing  Scale  Co 844 

Contractors. 

D.  C.  Weeks  &  Son 824-826 

Conveying  Macbinery. 

Jeffrey  Mfg.  Co Ixviii 


Corpnlence  Belts. 

A.  Parks  Black 


.850 


Correspondence  Schools. 

Commercial      Correspondence 
Schools 833,853 

International  Accountants'  So- 
ciety   Ix 

International    Correspondence 
Schools 801-804 

Universal  Business  Institute..  Ixxi 

Cure  for  Fits. 


Electric  Belts.                  faob 
Alfred  Sanden 16-1 

Electric     Machinery    for 
Mines. 

Jeffrey  Mfg.  Co Ixviii 

Electrical  Material. 

P.  M.  Fletcher  Co li 

Electrical  Novelties. 

J.  W.  Scribner&Co ix 

Elevators. 

Otis  ElevatorCo xij 

Elevating  Machinery. 

Jeff'rey  Mfg.  Co Ixviii 

Farm  I>Iarhinery. 

Boomer  &  Boschert  Press  Co.  .855 

P.  P.  Mast&Co 845 

Wilson  Bros 832 

Fire  Apparatus. 

A .  C.  Rowe  &  Son xlix 

S.  F.  Hayward  &  Co Ixii 

Fire  Extinguishers. 

A.  C.  Rowe  &  Son  xlix 

S.  F.  Hayward  &  Co. Ixii 

Fishing  Rods. 

Fred  D.  Divine  Co Hx 

Floor  Coverings. 

American  Grass  Twine  Co xli 

Floor  Polish. 

Sanfliel  Lewis xci 

Fountain  Fens. 

L.  K  Waterman  Co.. ..  xvi-Cover  4 

Fuel. 

Alcohol  Utilities  Co 827 


Kpilepto  Institute 16m  Jagels  &  Bellis 16ee 


Deformity  Appliances. 


Philo-Burt  Mfg.  Co 845 

Detectives. 

N  icholas  Brooks xxv 

Disinfectants. 

West  Disinfecting  Co xciv 

Door  Checks. 

Henry  Pearl  &  Sons  Co 16w 


.Gas  Engines. 


.843 


.854 


.846 


Olds  Gas  Power  Co 

Gas  Plants. 

CM.  Kemp  Mfg.  Co 

Grinding  Mills. 

O.  S.  Kelly  Co. ,  The 

Hair  Restoratives. 

Bendiner  feSchlesinger xxxix 

Hay's  Hair  Health 16y 

Hay  Presses,  etc. 

Roomer  &  Boschert  Press  Co.  .865 

Heating  Apparatus. 

Kelsey  Heating  Co xxxiv 


Door  and  Window  Screens. 

Burlington  Venetian  Blind  Co. 

16bb 

Educational. 

Burt  B.  Farnsworth Iviii 

Commercial     Correspondence 

Schools        833.  863  Hernia  Trusses. 

Drake  School 848 

Harlem  Electrical  Institute... 851 
International  -Correspondence 

Schools 801-804 

Kissick's  Business  Institute. .  .849 
New  York  PreparatorySchooI.  14  House-Cleaning  Apparatus 
N.  Y.  Post-Graduate   Medical      \  ,.iectric  Renovator  Mfg.  Co.  .Ixlv 

and 
ii 

Incaiulescent  Lamps. 

Lj'uu  Incandescent  Lamp  Co.lGy 

Incubators. 

Belle  Citv  Incubator  Co 857 

Racine  Hatcher  Co xc 


A.  Parks  Black 852 

Hotel  Directories. 

Keun  v  Pub.  Co 1  ix 


School  ana  >10spitaI ^^^  Opupral    Onmnipsspri    Air 

N.  Y.  school  of  Industrial  Art. 850  ^vacmim  Machln^^^^^^^ 
Syracuse  University 820-822  ,  v  acuum  Macnineij  ^o.. 


Syracuse  University 

Universal  Business  In.stitute.lxxi 

Y.  M.C.  A Iviii 

Elastic  Hosiery. 

A.  Parks  Black 847 

Geo.  R.  Fuller  Co xiii 

CI 


ADVERTISIIMG     IIMD 


PAGE 

....853 


Ink  Eradicator. 

E.  &  H.  Mfg.  Co 

insurance. 

Fidelity  &  Casualty  Co xlvl 

R.  C.  Rathbone  &  Son,  Inc xi 

Travelers'  Insurance  Co civ 


Janitor  Supplies* 

Samuel  Lewis 


.xci 


Jewelry. 

S.   F.  Myers  Co.  .. 

Jockey  Straps. 

A.  Parks  Black.... 


.in 


.850 


.844 


Lawyers. 

Geo.  Robinson 

Ijaundries. 

Empire    Towel    Supply     and 
Laundry  Co xciii 

Ijcad  Pencils. 

Eberhard  Faber Ixv 

Library  Fixtures. 

Art   Metal    Construction   Co., 

Ixxxi-lxxxviii 

3Iacliincry. 

August  Meitz   Iron  Foundry 

and  Machine  Works Waa 

Boomer  &  Boschert  Press  Co.. 855 

C.  ,M.  Kemp  Mtg.  Co 854 

Dykema  Co 841 

F.  Wesel  Mfg.  Co Ixxiv 

.TeHrey  Mfg.  Co 1  x vii i 

Olds  Gas  Power  Co 84H 

P.  P.  Mast  &  Co 845 

Rife  Automatic  Ram  Co 856 

R.  Hoe  &Co liv 

The  Demiug  Co Cover  2 

The  O.  S.  Kelly  Co 846 

AVilson  Bros 832 

.>Iail  Order  Houses. 

American  Supply  Co Ixx 

3Ia^azines. 

Business  Man's  Magazine Is 

3Icdicinal. 

Absorbine,  Jr 1 

Anheuser-Buscli Ivii 

Bendiner  &  Schlesinger xxxix 

Dr.  John  August xc 

Electro- Chemical  Ring  Co -xiii 

Hay's  Hair  Health 16v 

Mason  Cancer  Institute 16s 

IMrs.Wiuslow's  Soothing Svrup.iv 

Mnller.  W.  H '  ....16i 

Pabst  Brewine  Co Hi 

St.  James  Society 854 

T\  rrell's  Hvgienic  Institute c 

W.  F.  Youiig 1 

3letals. 

Mer(;hant  &  Evans  Co^ vi 

.lletal  Polisli. 

G.  W.  Iloftman 


Ne^vspapers. 

BoUettino  Delia  Sera xxxvii 

New  York  World Ivi 

St.  Louis  Post- Dispatch,  y xlvii 

Novelties. 

A  u to  Igniter  Co 16w 

Ryede  Specialty  Works 16ff 

Willis-Du  Bois  Co Ixxix 

Obesity  Belts. 

A.  Parks  Black 


.850 


Office  Fixtures. 

Art  Metal  Construction  Co 

Ixxxi-lxxxviii 

Office  Furniture. 

Art  Metal  Construction  Co 

Ixxxi-lxxxviii 

Geo.  W.  Cobb,  Jr 16v 

Hi-Lo  Desk  Co Ixxi,  16s 

P.  W.  Vallely 832 

Office  Partitions. 

Mount  &  Robertson lox 

Office  Specialties. 

.\utomatic    Adding    Machine 

Co 833 

Automatic  Pencil  Sharpener  Co. 

xxi 

E.&H.Mfg.Co 853 

Fox- Borden  Jlfg.Co 839 

Hi-Lo  Desk  Co Ixxi,  16s 

Sieber  &  Trussell  Mfg. Co xix 

Oil  Fnj^incs. 

August   Meitz    Iron    Foundry 
and  IMachiue  Works 16aa 


FAGE{Printing  Presses.  page 

Duplex  Printing  Press  Co....xcvii 

Printing;  Press  Control. 

Kohler  Brothers Iv 


Public  Accountants. 

Barrow,  Wade,  Guthrie  &  Co.  .833 

Publishers. 

C.S.  Mendenhall 850 

r.  S.  OgilviePub.  Co 842,    851 

Kennv  Pub.  Co lix 

Theo.  Audel  &  Co viii,  xxv 

Pumps* 

The  DemingCo Cover2 

Puzzles. 

Ryede  Specialty  Works 16ff 

Railroads. 

Interborough   Rapid    Transit 

Co 835-839 

Long  Island  Railroad xxxviii 

Real  Estate. 

Estates  of  Loug  Beach Ixix 

Record  Books. 

Continental  Audit  Go xxiv 

Rheumatic  Rings. 

Electro-Chemical  Ring  Co — xui 


Oil  Filters. 

Hall  Mfg.  Co. 


.853 


.Ixiii 


l>Iixed  Paints. 

O.  W.  Ingersoll xi 

3Iotor  Cycles. 

Curtiss  Mfg.  Co xviii 

3Ioving  Picture  machines* 

Nicholas  Pow^rCo 854 

.>Iusical  lti.striim<-uts. 

The  Rudolph  Wurlitzer  Co. . .  .847| 


Packins  Houses* 

Schwarzschild  &  Sulzberger..  16aa 
Patents. 

("has.  A.  Scott  Co.,  The xviii 

C.  L.  Parker xii 

E.  E.  Vrooman 16s 

Edgar  Tate  &  Co 844 

Edward  S.  Beach 828 

Evans,  Wilkeiis  &  Co x.xvi 

Franklin   H.  Hough x 

Munn  &  Co 846 

H.  S.  &.  A.  B.  Lacey xvii 

Watson  E.  Coleman xxiv 

\Vm.  E.  Hoyt  ix 

Woodward  &  Chaudlee Ixxxlx 

Pens. 

D.C.  Aaron  Pen  Co xxiv 

A.  L.  Salomon  &  Co 858 

Phonographs 

Duplex  Phonograph  Co 856 

National  Phonograph  Co Ixxxi 

Pianos.  | 

Behning  Piano  Co 815 

Decker  &  Son 817 

Kriikauer  Bros 816 

Lafifargue  Co 814 

Pipes. 

Willis- Du  Bois  Co Ixxix 

Poultry  Publications. 

American  Poultry  Advocate. xxvi 

Press  Blankets. 

Ed  ward  H.  Best  &  Co xl 

Printing  Ink  lUanufacturers 

Wm.     H.     Ray    Printing    Ink 
Mfg.  Co Cover  3 

CII 


Road  Maps. 

C.  S.  Mendenhall. 


..850 
Ixiii 


Rope. 

Columbian  Rope  Co 

Roofing  3laterial. 

American  Sheet  and  Tin  Plate 

Co 18 

Merchant  &  Evans  Co vi 

Rubber  Heels. 

Natlian  Novelty  Mfg.  Co 855 

Sptingfield  Elastic  Tread  Co.  .xvii 


Rupture  Cure. 

Stuart  Plaster  Pad  Co. 


,858 


Safes. 

Meiliuk  Mfg.  Co y 

]\Iosler  Safe  Co \xv\ 

Victor  Safe  &  Lock  Co xxiii 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults. 

Ijincoln  Sa  e  Depositee xlv 

Nassau  Bank Ixvii 

Sanitariums* 

Dr.  Barnes' xxvi 

Dr.  C.  O  Sahler' s xxxi 

Dr.   Wadsworth's xxxiii 

Elmcro ft xxviii.  xxxiv 

Savings  Banks. 

Bowerv  Savings  Bank 823 

Colonial  Trust  Co xliv 

Scales. 

Jones  of  Binghamtoa 852 

Schools  aiml  Colleges* 

BurtB.  Farnsworth Iviii 

iCommercial  Correspond  e  n  ce 

I    schools 833,853 

Drake  School. . .   848 

Harlem  Electrical  Institute. .  .861 
International  Correspondence 

Schools 801-804 

Kissick's  Business  Institute.... 849 
N.    V.  Post-Graduate  Medical 

School  and  Hospital 834 

N.  Y.  Preparatorj' School 14 

N.  V.  School  of  Industrial  Art.8.5o 

Syracuse  University 820-822 

Y.  M.  C.  A Iviii 


ADVERTISIiSIG     IfSIDEX. 


8cis»Or8«  PAGK 

W.  C.  Hockiug  &Co 846 

Heeds  and  Bulbs. 

J.  'M.  Ihorbnni  tfc  Co i 

Hhoulder  Braces. 

.1.  C.  Schiioter  Co 844,855 

Soap. 

Gitalin's  Sulphur  Soap 843 

West  Disiulecting  Co xciv 

Specialty  Works. 

Ryede  Specialty  Works 16ff 

Sporting;  Goods. 

Fred  D.  Diviue  Co lix 

Savage  Arms  Co Ixxxix 

Sporting:  Uifles. 

Savage  ArnisCo Ixxxix 

Spring  Water. 

Great  Bear  Spring  Co 16u 

Steel  Ceilings  and  Walls. 

Northrop.  Coburn  &  Dodge  Co.l6t 

Steel  Liockers. 

Art  Metal  CouHtruction  Co.. 

Ixxxi-lxxxviii 

Merritt  &  Co 16qaudl6r 

Terrell' s  Equipment  Co Ixxv 

Steel  Shelving. 

Merritt.&Co 16qandl6r 

Stereotyping  Machinery  and 
Supplie!<i. 

Edward  H.  Best  &  Co xl 

F.  Wesel  Mfg.  Co Ixxiv 

R.  Hoe  &  Co liv 

Stock  Food. 

Dr.  A.  C.  Daniels,  Inc x 

International  Stock  Food  Co...xv 
Wilbur  Stock  Food  Co Ixiii 

Surgical  Bandages* 

A.  Parks  Black 847 


Suspensories.  paok 

.1.  (J.Schnoter  Co 844,  855 

Teachers'  Agency. 

C.  W.  Bardeen xvii 

Telegrnpii  Lines. 

Anglo-American  Telegraph  Co. 

XXXV 

Thermos  Bottle. 

International  Sales  Co xcviii 

Timber  Dolly. 

City  Forge  and  Iron  Works 848 

Faults. 

Meilink  Mfg.  Co v 

Victor  Sale  &  Lock  Co xxiii 

Toilet  Paper. 

Jerome  Paper  Co xcii 

Toilet  Preparations. 

Pompeian  Mfg.  Co 2 

To\%'el  Supplj'. 

Empire    Towel    Snpply    and 
Laundry  Co xciii 

Trade-3Iarks. 

Edwards.  Beach 828 


Yenfling  Machines.          ta^k 
Ryede  Specialty  Works 16ff 


Ventilators. 

.Merctuint  &  Evans  Co. 


.VI 


Trusses. 

Chas.  W.  Cluthe  Co 16gg 

Geo.  R.  Fuller  Co xiii 

Huston  Bros.  Co 841 

J.  C.  Schnoter  Co 844,855 

The     Hastings    &    Mcintosh 
Truss   Co 847 

Type. 

American  Type  Founders  Co.  .840 

Typewriter  Ribbons. 

The  Dodge  Co 840 

Type^vriters. 

Blickensderfer  Mfg.  Co xxv 

L.    C.   Smith   &    Bros.    Type- 
writer Co XX 

Monarch  Typewriter  Co xcv 

Remington  Typewriter  Co liii 

Victor  Typewriter  Co 16dd 


Veterinary. 

Di'.  A.  ('.  Daniels,  Inc x 

Intoi  iiational.Stock  Food  Co...xv 
Wilbur  Stock  Food  Co Ixiii 

Watches. 

South  Bend  Watch  Co Ixi 

Water  Systems. 

Country  Hydrant  Co 16o 

Kewanee  Water  Supply  Co.  .xcvi 
Rife  Automatic  Ram  Co 856 

Whiskey. 

Hay ner  Distilling  Co xlviii 

James  Buchanan  &  Co.  Ltd 864 

I.e.  Childs xxxvi 

J.H.  Friedenwald  &  Co vii 

J.  Rieger  &  Co 857 

Wholesale  Booksellers. 

American  News  Co xxii 

Wholesale  Dry  Goods. 

H.  B.  Claflin  Co 818  and  819 

Wholesale  Paper. 

Clias.  F.  Hubbs  &  Co 8.32 

William  G.  Willmaun 16p 

Wholesale  Stationers. 

American  News  Co xxii 

Window  and  Door  Blinds. 

Burlington  V^enetian  Blind  Co 

16bb 
Wine  Growers. 
American     Wine      Growers' 

Association 16a,  16d 

Brotherhood  Wine  Co 16e 

California  Wine  Association.. 161i 

Eiseman  &  Co 16j 

Pleasant  Valley  Wine  Co 16f 

Sol  Bear  &  Co 16j 

Urbana  ^\'iue  Co 16g 


ADVERTISED 


Abdominal  Supporters. 
Addressing. 
Artesian  Wells. 
Assayers  and  Chemists. 
Autographic  Registers. 

Chemicals. 
Chinese  Goods. 
Chinese  Restaurant. 
Cigars. 


IN    THE    CLASSIFIED    DEPARTMENT 

PAGK  859. 

Automobile  Repairs. 
Bankers  and  Brokers. 
Books  and  Instructions. 
Business  Opportunities. 


Cameras  and  Lenses. 
Car  Lighting. 
Carpet  Cleaning. 
Cemeterie.s. 


PAGE  860. 

Clocks. 
Cofllee. 
Collections. 


PAGE  861. 

Felt.  Homeopathic  Pharmacies. 

Financial.  Hotel  Directorv. 

Fireworks.  Insurance  Brokers. 

Hernia  Trusses.Obesity  Belts,  &c.  Kennels. 


Mercantile  Agencies 
Metal  Ceilings. 
New  Publications. 
Old  Gold  and  Silver. 
Olive  Oil. 


Schools  and  Colleges. 

Special  Sheet  and  Metal  Workers, 

Stamp  Collections. 


PAGE  862. 

Packing  Boxes. 
Patents. 

Patent  Lawyers. 
Pianos. 

PAGE    863. 

Storage  Warehouses. 

Telegraphy. 

Typewriters. 

CHI 


Detectiv-e  Agencies. 

Dies  and  Special  Machinery. 

Electric  Sign.s. 


Lame  People. 
Lighting. 
Medical. 
Medical  Batteries. 


Postage  Stamps. 

Printing  Presses. 

Real  Estate. 

Real  Estate— Farm  Property. 


Undertakers. 
Vault  Lights. 
Whiskey. 


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millions  of  jars  a  year.  It  is  unequalled  for  eiTectiveness  in 
maintaining  the  face  in  youthful  lines  and  in  keeping  the  skin 
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of  infecting  impurities  and  allows  the  blood  to  circulate.  To 
attain  a  natural,  youthful  glow  to  the  cheeks;  to  eradicate 
"  laughing  wrinkles"  and  "crow's-feet" ;  to  reduce  the  double 
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General  Index. 


3 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


A  PAGE 

A.  A.  U.  National 479 

Academiciaus.  Natioual 510 

"    Jloyal 511 

Acadeaiy  of  Desigu,  National 

510-511 

"    Science,  National .52:^ 

Accidents,  Help  in 231 

"    Railroad 433 

Accounts,  When  Outlawed 228 

Acknowledgment  of  JJeeds  — 501 

Actors,  Birthplaces,  etc 507-508 

Actors'  Church  Alliance 5tt5 

"    Fund  of  America 565 

Acts  of  59th  Congress 182 

Actuarial  Society  of  America.  .520 

Aeronautics  in  1907 408,409 

"    Records 495 

Afghanistan 599 

Africa,  Areaand  Population  607,621 

"     Division  of 621 

Agrricultural  Implements 382 

"    Statistics 381 

"    Science.  Society  for  Pro- 
motion of 523 

Agriculture  Dep'tOllicials 648 

"    Secretaries  of 277 

Alabama  l<:ieclion  Ueturns.699, 700 
Alaska-Yukon-Paciiic  Exposi- 
tion  400 

A  Icohol  Statistics 390 

Aldermen.  N.  V.  City 747 

Alfreds.  Nobel  Prizes 533 

Alliance  Francaise 565 

"       of  Lleformed  Churclies573 

Altar  Colors 114 

Altitudes,  Greatest  in  States. .  .13 

Aluminum,  Production  of 379 

Amba-ssadors 279-282,613,674 

Amendments    to    U.    S.  Con- 
stitution.   162-163 

A merica,  A i"ea and  Population. 145 

•'    Briti-sh,  Area,  etc 607 

American  Acad,  of   Medicine.520 
"    Academy    Political     and 

Social  Science 520 

"    Anatomists'  Association.  .522 

"■    and  Foreign  Shipping 345 

"    A  nti- Tuberculosis 

League 520 

"    Antiquarian  Society 520 

"    Asiatic  .Association 520 

"    A.ssociiitiou  for  Advance- 
ment of  Science 520 

"    Asso.  of  Obstetricians  and 

Gyusecologisrt 520 

"    Bar  Association 520 

"    Benefit  Society 504 

"    Bible  Society 575 

"    Bison  Society 515 

"    Board    of    Foreign    Mis- 
sions  576 

"    Chemical  Society 520 

"    Civic  A.ssocialiou 641 

"    Climatological  Ass'n 5-;M 

"    College  Fraternities 15,558 

"    Continentals 593 

"    Cross  of  Honor 593 

"    Dermatological  Ass'  n 520 

"    Dialect  Society 52<) 

"    I'^conomic  Association 520 

"    Electro- Therapeutic   As-      I 

socialion 52o! 

*'    .Entomological  Society 520' 


PAGE 

American  Fed.  of  Labor 15, 178 

"    Fisheries  Society 520 

"    Flag  Association 688 

"    Folklore  Society 520 

''  Forestry  Association . .  236, 521 

"    Geographical  Society 521 

"    Ciuild 504 

"    Gynaecological  Society 521 

"    Historical  Association 521 

"    Hog 389 

"    Humane  Society 565 

"    Indian 355 

"    Institute  of  Architects 521 

"  Inst.  Electrical  Eng'rs....521 

"    Inst.of  Homieopathy 521 

"  Inst.  Mining  I'jigineers.  ..521 

"  Institute  Social  Science... 56c 

"  Laryngological,  llhinolog- 
ical  and  Otological  Soc.  .521 

"    Laryngological  Ass'n 521 

"    Learned  Societies 520-523 

"    Mathematical  Society 521 

"    Mechanics,  United 506 

"    Medical  Association 521 

"•'•  Medico  -   P.sychological 

Ass'n 521 

"    Microsco()ical  Societv 521 

"  Multi-Millionaires.  15,  S22-330 

"    Municipalities  League 641 

"  Museuniof  Safety  Devices 
and  Industrial  Hygiene., 565 

"    National  lied  Cros.s 594 

"  Neurological  A.ssociation..521 

"    Numismatic  Society. 521 

"  Ophthalmological  Society. 521 

"■    Orieiital  Society 521 

"    Ornithologists'  Union 521 

"  Orthopedic  Association  . .  .521 

"■    Osteopathic  Society 523- 

"    Otological  Society 522 

"    Pediatric  Society 522 

"  Philological  Association.  .522 

"  Philosophical  Society. ,  ..522 

"    Physical  Society 522 

"    Piiysicians, Ass'n  of 522 

"•    Proctologic  Society 522 

'•  Psychological  Association. 522 

"    Public  Health  Ass'  n 522 

"  Revolution,  Daughters  of.. 589 

'*    lie  volution.  Sons  ol 585 

'•    Roentgen  Ray  Society 522 

"    S.  P.  C.  A.  Soc 565 

"  Social  Science  A  ssociaiion.522 

"  Society  of  Civil  P2ngineers522 

"  Soc' ty  of  Curio  Collectors.522 

"  .Society  of  Mechanical  Eu- 

gi  ue'ers ^ 522 

**•  Society  of  Naturalists  ....522 

"    Statistical  .Association 522 

"    Sunday  School  Union 581 

"•'    Surgical  Association 522 

'•    Therapeutic  Society 522 

*'    Tract  Societ3' 575 

"    Turf 474 

*'     Unitarian  .Association 572 

"■  Urological  Association  ...  .522 

"  Women  Who  Have  iNfar- 

ried  Foreign  Tit  les 319 

Anmsements,  N.  Y.  City. .  .751,774 
Ancient  and  Modern   Year  ...  138 
Andrew    and   Philip,  Brother- 
hood of 577 

Animals,  Domestic,  in  U.  S.  .383 


PAGE 

Ainiapolia  Naval  Academy 652 

Anniversaries,  List  of .....Ill 

Antidotes  for  Poisons S21 

Antimony  Production 378-379 

Antiquarian,AmericanSociety.520 
.A.nti- Rebate  Law  Prosecutions  304 

-Apoplexy,  Deaths  from 395 

.A  poihecaries'  Weights 152 

Appellate  Division,  Supreme 

Court,  N.  Y.  City . . . : 749 

Appendicitis,  Deaths  from 395 

A  pple  Crop 383 

.Appraisers,  U.  S.  General 797 

Appropriations  ijy  Cougre.ss  . .  .354 

Arabic  Numerals 155 

Arbitration     and      Mediation 

Board,  N.  Y.  State 691 

"    Treaties 232 

Arbor  Day 2S6 

Arclneological  Institute 522 

A  rchajology 518 

Arctic  Club 522 

"    Exploration 307 

Area,  Cities  in  U.  S 639,642-643 

"    Continents 145 

"    Extreme  of  Counties 628 

"    Foreign  Countries 599 

"    of  Africa 607,621 

'•    of  British  Empire 599,607 

"    of  Canada 618 

"    of  Great  Lakes 410 

Area  of  London 615 

"    of  Mexico 599.620 

"    of  States 645 

"•    of  United  States... 202, 599,. 645 
A  rgentine  Republic.  Area, etc  599 

"     Arniyand  Navy 296-297 

"    Battleships 598 

;  Arizona  and  New  Mexico 30ii 

•'    Election  Returns 700 

.A  rkansas  J-Jlection  Returns.700-7<1 

Armed  Strength  of  World 29S 

Armories,  N.  Y.  City 782 

Army  and  Navy  of  Confeder- 
ate States.  Socieij- 594 

"    and  Navy  Union  ...15,586-587 

"    British 296,612 

"    General  OfHcers  Retired .  .654 

"    {-ieuerals,U.  S 653 

"    of  Cumbei'land  Society 592 

"    of  Philippines  Society 591 

"    of  Potomac  Societj' 59:: 

"    of  Santiago  Society 591 

'*    of  Tennessee  Socielj' 592 

'     of  U.  S., General  Staff.   .653 
"    of  U.  S.  inNew  York  Citv.793 

"    Rank  of  Officers 656-660 

"    U.  S. .  Organization 655 

Around  the  World  in  40  days.  .503 

Art  (iaileries.N.Y 782 

.Artillery  Corps,  Field  Officers. 6S0 

Ash  Wednesday.  1908 105 

;.Asia,  Statistics  of 607 

AssemblvDists..  N.Y.Citv.l.vxiii 

"    New  Ynik  State 692-fi93 

.Assessed    Valuation    of    Prop- 
erty in  U.S 354,642-643 

Assessors,  Board  of,  N.  Y.City,  748 

Assistant  Treasurei-s,  U.  S 649 

.Associated  Press 528 

lAsteroids ..1'.... '..... .127 

Astor  Battery  Ass' n.. .. ...  .591 

' '      Library,  N.  Y.  City 564 


$e£  ADVERTISING    INDEX    ON   PAGES  XCIX    TO    CIII, 


General  Index —  Co7itinued. 


( 


PAGE 

Astronomical  and  Astrophysi- 

cal  Society  of  America 522 

Astronomical  Phenomena   lor 

1908... 130-131 

"    Sigu.s  and  iSymbols 130 

Astronomy  in  1907 516 

Asyiinns.N.V.  City 759,760 

Athletic  Records 481 

Atmosphere  of  the  Earth 1:^7 

Attire  for  Men 403 

Attornej'-Generals,  U.S.... 277-278 

Australia  Mails ,12 

Aust  ralasia 60  < 

Austria,  Diplomaticlntercourse. 

280 

"    Hungary, Armyand  Navy, 

296,597,617 

"  »•  Ministry 602 

"  Koyal  Family.. 603 

Austrian-Hungarian  Gov't — 617 

Austro-Hungarian  Empire 599 

Austro- Hungary  Battleships.  .59 
Automobile  Industry — 15, 496-497 

"    Records 458-459 

Autumn,  Beginning  of.  1908. . . .105 
Aztec  Club  of  1847 685 

B 

Bacon,  Product  J  ON  of 389 

Baggage  Examination  Rules. .157 

Ballooning 408-409,495 

Ballots     for     Candidates     for 
President 265-268 


PAGE 


Borough  Presidents,  N.Y 747 

-     -  .522 


PAGB 


Capitals,  Foreign 599 

Botanical  society 52a     '     of  States 645 

Bourbou-Orleanist Family 606;^apitol,  U.  s...  30^ 

Bowling 463-464:Captams,  U.S.  Army 653 

Boxing. 459,493-494     '' 


Boycotting  Laws 177 

Brandv,  Production  of 390 

Brazil,  Areiiand  Population  . .  .599 
"    Army  and  Navy  of. .  .296-297 

Brazilian  Battleships 598 

Brick  Production  of  Common. 368 


Navy 664 

Cardinals,  College  of 570 

Carnegie  Hero  Fund 531 

"   Institution 523 

'♦    Libraries 531 

Carriage    and   Wagon   Manu- 
facturers   217 


Bridge.s,  N.  Y.  City. 


Brigh ton  Handicap 475 

Brigadier-Generals,  U.  S.  A. .  ..653 

Brlth  Abraham  Order 504 

British  A  rmy 296,612 

*'    Battleships 595 

"    Colonies 607, 613 

"•    (^ourtsof  Law 611 

'•    Diplomatic     Intercourse, 

280,613 


. ..791iCarter  Handicap 474 


Casualty  Insurance  in  U.  S 410 

Catholic  Benevolent  Legion... 504 

"    BLshops 570 

Churches  in  N.Y.  City  . .  .764 

Knights  of  America. 504 

Mutual  Benefit  Ass'  n 504 

•*    Roman,  Hierarchy  in  11.8.570 
Catholics,  Number  of 567-568 


it 


Cattle.  Value  of,  in  U.  S 383 

j)^j]jeg  '  ^14 '  Cemen  t  Prod  notion 378 

Empire,'sta«stic.s.599,'6y7;614  Cemeteries,  National.        830 

Government  gn  Cemeteries,  New  York  City.  .800 

Holidays '.■.■.".■.■.■.::::!!.*  333;Census  U.  S..  ....173 

King's  Title  and  Oath 61o|<-etitral  and  South  American 

Measures  and  Weigh  ts. . . .  152|     1  ^'^de. . ... . .    ....... ...... ... .  .621 

jSiavv  296  595  612iCentre  ot  Population  in  U.  S.  .  .t>33 

ParliamenV.*.: ".'.'.V "...:...  '.614  Cereal  Crops    381, 383 

Population 599,  607,  615^hamber  of  Conrimerce ^83 

Premiers  tjio  Champagne  Statistics 390 

Royal  FaVnily .'.".'.'.*'." .'.eoO,* 608  S-'?^"^'^^^"^.^'"^!'^'^'^.'0°'^-Y--''*^ 

Throne,  Order  of  Succes-      |Chautauqiia  Institution .534 

'  Checks  and  Notes oOl 


Bar  Association.  A  merican  — 520 

"  N.  Y.  City.... 797 

Barley,  Production  of 381 


Barometer  Indications 141|  D,,iiriiiiD-on/ir  nm  A<5<!r.oi«tir.n«Q7j 

Bii.;ohMii  T?ef>nrfis  404.400  riniiaiiigauai^OcinASSOCiationSii/4 

BasketBall    ....!."!'. i !.'.'". !^. 457  ?"?1^^"^  Commissioners,  Soc.  .641 

Battles  of  Civil"  War 583 

Battleships  of  Naval  Powers 

Battleships,  U.  S 666-671 

* '    (U.  S.)  Fleet  to  Pacific. . .  16 

Bavarian  Royal  Family 6a3 

Beer 390 

Belgian  Royal  Family 603 

^•i^* 'I'^iiiv  and  Na%V :^:tS;Butter  Production 383,389 

Aimyand  Na\y iyb  ^^dguttons  Manufacturers 216 


Bnck''wheatVproductionbY.V..\:§l^^  t?J 

RnriHi,i«m  -^r, [Chiua,  Aiea  and  Populatioii . .  .599 

Army  and  Navv 296-297 

Mails 12 

luiSn'  ?S""''  '"''•  ^■•i,SSn"&'iv&i^;  Alliance:.:5?t 
Bul^on  Valu^^f  Si-lVer: ::::::  -M\    ::    endeavor  society .576 

^^^tl  N-^'vtatiof '  ""•  ^ ?j'chrisUanTNu-mber  of.-.  .•.•.•.•.'^.•56? 

Bureau.s'of  [.abor...*.*." .'.■.■.'.■.'.*.*: '170  ^:i!f,°."?'T^:^';!'\Xl^'' *"^  Eras  105 
Bushel  Weight- , 151  C»?urcjl^i  Dajs  111  1908,,,...,.....  .IOd 

Business  Failures  in  U.  S 364 

Pursuits  ill  U.  S 632-633 


.60 
.504 


'*    Ministry 

Ben-Hur, Tribe  of 

Benefactions  of  1907 15,512 

Benzine  Production 375  Cabinet 

Beverages,  When  to  Serve.... 391 

Bible  Society,  A  merican 575 

Bicvcling  Records 460-461 

BilUard  Records  467,493 

Births 398 

Bishops,  English 612 

"    of    Religious    Denomina- 
tions   570-572 

Blacklisting  Laws 177 

Blind  Persons  in  U.  S 3981 

B'  iiai  B'  rith.  Order  of 504| 

Board  of  Education.  N.Y 748j 

of   Estimate  and   Appor-      ] 


C 
Officers     Since 

1789  276- 278  Cities,  Finances  of 

"    of  President  Roosevelt.... 647 

Cab  Fares,  N.Y.  City 790 

Cable  Telegraph  Rates 442 

Cables,  Submarine 444 


Established. of  Bngland.  .612 

♦'    Temperance  Society 574 

Churches,  N.  Y.  City 761-771 

"    in  the  U.  S    568-569 

"     in  the  World 567 

Cigars  and  Cigarettes .380 

Cincinnati,  Societv  of 584-585 

Circuit  ( 'ourts  of  U.  S 650, 750 

352,639-640,642- 
643 

"    Largest  of  the  Eartli 622 

"    of  U.  S.,  Population  of. 635, 637 
ot  U.  S.,  Statistics  of.  642-643 


Calendar  for  200  Years 113;Citizens'  Expatriation  Act 183 

"    Ecclesiastical 106-107      "    Industrial  Ass'n 176 

Greek  &  Russian, for  1908.  114  Civic  A.ss' n,  American 541 

Gregorian 107 1    »•    Oruanizations  in  U.  S 541 


•Te wish .  for  1908 114 


Civil  Engineers"  Society 


Lists  of  Sovereigns 599 

Service  Coram' rs,U.  S 648 

"      N.Y'.  City 210,748 

Rules  o(,  U.S 209 


3Iohanimedan,  for  1908.  .114 

Ready -Reference 112-113 

Ritualistic 114 

tionment,  N.  Y.  City 748iCaleiKlars  for  1908  and  19t«9 Ill 

Boat- Racing  Records 452-456|     "    Monthly  for  1908 115-126  Claims,  U.  S.  Court  of 650 

Boiling  Points 109,  California  Election  Returns  701-702  CleariuK- House  Statistics.  .362,755 

Bolivia,  Army  of 296('aiiada.  Dominion  of 618-619  Clubs,  New  York  Citj' 796 

Bolivia,  Statistics  of 599  Canal  Board,  N.Y.  State 691  Coal  Statistics 374.378 

Boiiiipurte  Family 6O61     "    Panama 287  Cocoa 387 

Bonded  Debts  of  Stat«a 354!Canals 445|('ofFee   Production 387 

Book  and  .Job  Printing  in  U.  S. 529; Cancer,  Deaths  from 395  Coinage  at  U.  S.  Mints 359 

"    Postage - 222  c;auning  and    Preserving  In-      |    "    of  Nations 356 

Books,  Production  of 5301    dustry 393|Coins,Foreip:u,  Value  of 341 

•'     of  1907 524-625  Canoe  Racing 472-473     •'    Prices  Paid  for. 338-a39 

Boots  and  Shoes  Industry 219' Capital  Punisliment 410  Coke  Production 378 


SEE    CLASSIP2E0   ADVERTISING   OM   PAGES  899    TO 


General  Index —  Co)itiiiued. 


PAGE 


PAGE 


PAGE 


Collectors  of  Customs 649  Courts  ot  Xew  York  Cit  j-... . 749-750' Divisious  of  Time 107 

Col  I  e"^e  Cheers  560      "  State  (see  oacb  Slate  Elec-      i  Divorce  La  v.s 4^8-499 

Colors.... ■.'.'.". '.v.". ■.■.".■.■. 563     .^       tion  Hetunisi.  ••       statisiics 500 

ot  New  'i  oik  State 694  Dock  Pept. ,  N.  Y.  City 748 


Coiuuieucemeuts . 
Kurolmeut. 


.544      "    ol  .New  i  oiK  ^siate by4  uocU  Pept.,  W.  Y.  City 74» 

.536;Courts  ol  L'uited Stales 650,749  Domestic  Animals  in  V.  S 383 


Mouey  Orders  in  1907 307 

Kales  ol"  Postage 221-224 

Weights  &  Measures 152 


Fraternities 15, 558 iCou s,  M ilch 389 

"    Presidents 5561      "•      V^alneot,  U.  S 383 

* '    lielerence  Marks 554|Cree(l.s,  Population  of  Kartli  by. 568 

"    Tuition  Fees,  etc 548- 553 1  Cricket 466  Dramatic  People 507-519 

CoIlegesinX.  Y.  Citv 551|Criminai  Courtsin  N.  Y.  City .  .749!  Dress  Chart,  JMen's W6 

"'    of  U.  S,  Statistics  of 537iCriminals  in  U.  S 396-397'Dried  Fruits,  Producliou 393 

Colombia,  Statistics  of 599lCrops,  tstatistics  oi, 302, 305, 381.  383,  Drinds,  Order  of 5(i4 

(olonelsofU.  S.  Army 653iCro.ss  Couutry   aud  Marathon      i  Dukes,  Table  of  Enlish 61} 

Colonial  Dames  of  America..  .  .5881     Paces 492, 1  )uratiou  ol  Life ». 145 

"    Governors,  Priti.sh 613lCruisers,  United  States 666  JJuties.  Customs,  U.  S 158,157 

Society  of  America 593  Cuba,  commerce 349 ,  Duellings  iu  U.  S 626 

'"      "    statistics  of 5991  % 

Cuban  Occupation  in  1907 2iWi  b< 

Cubic  .Measure 152 

Comets,  Periodic ISliCiunberiand  Societj',  Armv 592l 

Commanders,  U.S.^'avy 665  Curling 450-451  Eagi.e.'^,  Order  ok 504 

Commerce  and  Labor,  Depart-      iCurrency  Circulation,  U.  S 202Ii^tii"th,  Facts  About. 127,145 

ment  of .278, 648  Custom-IIouse.  X.  Y .  City 797 

Customs,  (.'ollectors,  N.Y.  Citv. 797 

'•    Ollicials 649 

"    Tariff, U.  S 156-157 

State  Dem .  246  Cycles,  Chronological 105 

243-246, 


"    \Vars,  Society  of 582 

Colorado  Fiection  Peturns. 702-703 
Colored  Population  in  U.S. 625,830| 


60 


Commerce  of  New  "York 
Commercial   Agreement  \\ith 
Germany 233 

Committees,  N.  .Y 
"    Political 


'*    N.Y.  State  Kep 246i 

Common  Schools,  U.  S o36|  " 

Commons,  House  of 614,  I 

Comptroller's  Office,  N.Y 747! Dairy   Products 383,389 

Condensed  Milk  Production. ...389' Dames  of  the  Revolution 589| 

Confederacy,  U'led  Danghters.594  Danish  Battleships 598 


Dates,  Memorable 110 

Daughters  of  Pevolution 589^ 

"■    oftheAmer.  Pkevolution..689 

"    of  Confederacy,  United..  594|Eggs,  Production  of 
of  t lie  King 577;l':gypt,  Area,  etc 


Earth's  .Atmosphere I:i7 

"    Population 145 

Earlhquake.s,  Areas  of 143 

Easier  ill  1908 lOo 

"     Table  of  Dates   108 

Ecclesiastical  Calendar 106-107 

Eclip.ses  in  190a 13o 

Economic  Ass' n,  American 520 

Kdncalit)ii,  Dept.  of,  N.  V  .  748.778 

*    Ass'  u ,  Pel  igious 578 

"    Gi'ueral  Board 534 

*'    John  F.  Slater  Fund 534 

"    Peabody  Fund 534 

"    Southern  Board 534 

Statistics  of 537 

389 


599.  bil 

567  Day  of  Week,  How  to  Find.ll2-113iEighl-iiour  Lai»or  Laws. 177 

599:  Days  JJetueen  Two  Dales lo8|  Flection  Pelurns  Begin 699 


Confederate  States,  Army  and 

Navy  Societ.v 594 

Confederate  States  of  America  337 

"•    Veterans 594 

Conflagrations,  Great 415 

Confucianism 

Congo  State...  _ 

Congregational  Churches,N.  Y.      |J-)eaf  Mutes  in  U.  S 398|Elections  Bureau,  N.Y.  Citv. .748 

Citv 761,767,  Death  Poll  of  1907 315-317      "    Presidential 269-270-271 

'•    Natfoual  Council 572     "    Statistics 394-395|     "    Stale    When  Next  Occur.  416 

Congregatioualists 567-568  Debt  of  L'niied  Slates,  Public. .        Election,  Presidt- ntial  o I  1908.  --o-i 

Congress,  Acts  of  Fifty-ninth. .  .182|  202,  3ol'     ''     lleft>rm  Legis.  in  1907..  247-24a 

"    Appropriations  by 354  Debts  of  Nations 35o  Electoral  \  ote  lor  PiesK'ei.t. 

"    LJbraryof 532     '•    of  States  in  U.  S 352.354  264.270-271,697-698 

"    Pariv  Divisions  in 6^2     "    of  United  Slates  Cities.642-643^  "  "     of  the  states... 2t)4 

Sixtieth 683-690|    "    \Vhen  Outlawed 228:  Electric  Lighting 513 


Congressional  Apportionment. 681  Declaration  of  Independeuce.  .172!     *'     i:; 
^Connecticut  iClection  Returns. .703,  Deeds,  Ackiiowledgment  of.  ..50l;Elec:;: 
Constitution  State  of  N.  Y. .164- 171 ,  Deer,  Season  for  Shooting 446     lubUiute 620 


ilway  Progres.s 514 

•al  Engineers,  American 


Defective  Classes 398, Electrical  Progres.-  in  1907..513-ol4 

Delaware  Election  Retnrns.703-704  Electrical  I'mts 153 

Demo' tic  Nat "1  State  Corns 243  Elect lo-cbeniislrv 511 

"     Conventions.  ..259-262,  265-268, Elevated  R.Rs.  in  N.  Y 836-838 

'•■     Party  Platforms 249- 262, Eleventh  Army  Corps  Ass'n.  .592 

Denmark  and  Colonies 599  Elks,  Order  of 504 

"     Army  and  Navy 296- 297, Ember  Days ..332 

"    Royal  Family 603-604  Emigrants,  see  "Imn-.igiation." 

Con tinenls, Statistics  of 1451  r.)enomi nations.  Religious. .  568-569  Eiuiu ranee  Records   459 

Contracts,  f^aw  of 500  fjensity  of  Population  in  U.  S..626  Flngiiieering  517 

Conventions,  Political.. 15, 259-262,  i  Dental  Examinations,  N.  Y....229  Engineering    Education.  Soci- 

2651    "    Schools  iu  fJ.S 536|     etv  for  Promotion  of 523 

363.  756-757  l^ngland,  see  'Miritish.' 

475|    "    Area  aiid  Population 6o7 

Copyright  Law..... 527  j  Dialect  Society,  American 520  Knglish  Derby 475 


of  the  U.S 159-171 

Consular  Service  Esami  nations 

678 

Consuls,  Foreign,  in  U.  S 679 

N.  Y.  City 800 

"    U.   S.,  Abroad 674 

Consumption,  Deaths  from 395 

Continental  Partj'  Platform  . .  .258 


Copperand  Lead  Smelting 376'  Deposits  in  Banks.. 

"    Production 375-376.378-379  Derby,  English 


Corn  Crop,  Statistics  of 381 


Coroners,  N.Y.  City 747 

Corporate  Schools,  N.Y.  City 


Dickens  Fellowship,  The 535 


Establislied  Church. 612 

Holidays,  Old 333 

Mile..." 154 

Speaking  Religious  Com- 
nnniities 343 


Diplomatic  Consular  List 674 

"    I ntercon rse 279  -282,  385 

778  Dispensaiie':,    Drooklvn 774 

Corporation  Counsel,  N.  Y 747| Displacement  of  Steamers 439 

Cost  of  Living 340  Distance  to  Moon 127'EntomologicaI  Society,  Amer.520 

Cotton  Exports  and  Imports...  385'    '"•    from  Sun 127  Epiphanv  in  1908 105 

"    Manufacturers 215!  Distances  Between  Cities 226  F.piscop.'tl  Bishops  571 

"    Supply  and  Crop.  .383-384-2851  Distilled  Spirits 390  Episcopalians 567.569 

Counties.  Debts  of 352 ,  Distribution  of   Population    in       iFlpochs,  Beginning  of I(i5 


Count  lies  of  the  World 599 

"      Production  of 350 

County  Oliicers,N.  Y.City 748 

Court  of  Arbitration,  N.  Y 750 

■ '    of  Honor 504 

Court  Term  is 4H8 


CV'ts,  B;ili-i! 


U.  S 629  Epworth  League 577 

District-  A 1 1'  y' sO Rice,  N.Y, 749- 7;')0  PJras.  Ch ronological  105 

'*  "        IT.  s 651  Esperanto.   The  International 

"    ConrtsofU.  S 650      Language 530 

"    Leaders,  N.Y.  City 783  Etitiuetle.  Practical 331 

of  Cohm>l)i:'.  Gov't 643  Europe.  Area    and    Popiila- 


611  Division  of  Africa.. . 


.621 


Hon.. 


.145,599,607 


§ii  APVBRTISING   INDEX   ON    PAGES  XQIX   TO  CHI, 


6 


General  Index —  Continued. 


PAGK, 


Kuropean  Banking  Statistics.  .362  France     Diplomatic 

'  '-  c^'.^^T^.o,.*  ,,.1451         COUio^ 


Languages  Spoken , 
:N[ilitar.v  Resources 

Ministries 

Sovereigns 

Civil  Ijist 


296 
,.602 
,.600 

.599 


K vents.  Historical Ill 

-    Kecordof,  1907... ••■•■?H 

"    Quarter-Cent' yRec.of.52-104 

F.xcelsior  Handicap 4-5 

Kxclianges,  N.  Y   City 541 

K.xcise  Dept.,  N.\.City ...743 

Expenditures,  U.S.  Governm  t.344 

Exports 'Sii'400 

E  xposit  ions ;••/•■••  ^^'  2"„ 

j-.xpress Offices  N.  Y.  <^''t.v-^- ••' '^ 
'«    on  Railroads 417,432 


FAGK 

luter- 

281 

Goveruuient  of 6W 

"    Rulers  of •• ^"i 

Fraternal  Brotherhood......^.. -004 

'•    Organizations  407,o04-5Ub 

"    Union  of  America 504-o0o 

Fraternities,  College oo» 

Free  Baptist  Young  People. . .  .o/b 

"     Sons  of  Israel ;;,-,-^n- 

Freema.sonry -•  •.•  • -^IW-fUo 

Freezing  and  Fusing  Points  . .  .109 
French  Academy 

"    Battleships .« 

"    Ministry 

"    Pretenders 

"    Revolutionary  Era 

Funnel  Marks  of  Steamers.. 
Futuritj%  The 


Facts  about  thk  Eabth 

Failures  in  U.  S 

Families  in  U.  S..  .'"•'•■• 
Famous  Old  People  of  1908. 
Universities 


145 

.364 
.626 
.318 
.543 


.531 
.596 
.602 
.606 
.110 
440 
.475 


G 


Farm  Produerions  in  U.S.  .202,383 
Fastest  Ocean  Passages  . . .  ••  •  ■  440 
Federal  Government. ... . . .  -647-boO 

'•    onicers  inN.Y.  City <?- 

Federal i(Mi  of  Labor,  Amer 1'8 

'•    of  Women's  Clubs 40^ 

Feeble-Miuded f^ 

Fencing  ....^.. *'^ 

Fermented  Liquors........ f^. 

Ferries  from  New  York  C  ity. .  ./eo 

Fiction  in  1907 

Field  Oincers  U.  S.  Army 


.524 

.660-661 


'-  Da  vs.  Sunday  World, .. . .  .472 
Fiftv-niutb  Congress,  Acts  ot.. 18^ 
Finance  Dep't,  2s\  V,  City.  ..-4< 
Finances  of  Larger  Cities.  ..b39-b40 

"•    of  Nations g?^ 

Financial  Statistics 3ob 

"    Stringency  of  1907 ••■•?°° 

Fire  Dept.,  N.  Y.  Ci.ty 748,-92 

'•    Insurance  Statistics 414 

"    RiilesinCaseof 321 

Fires,  Loss  by, hi  United  State.s.414 

Fisheries  of  U.  S oo» 

Fishing,  Open  Seasons  for 44< 

Flag,  National 1^2 

"    Ass'n,  American. ...... ...o»» 

F%ags,Storin&\VeatherSig.l38-l.%9 

'•    Transatlantic  Lines 440 

Fiax,  Manufactures 21*^ 

Flaxseed  Crop "f,"? 

Florida  Election  Returns <04 

Flowers,  Slate --f 

Folklore  Society,  American.  ..520 

Food,  Law,  Pure 

Foods,  Nutritivenessot.., 

Football  Records 

Foreign  Bank  Statistics  . . 

"    Coins,  Value  of 

"    Consuls  in  N.  Y.  City 

"    Consuls  in  U.  S 

''    Con.ntrips,    Exports 


G.AME  Laws 44b-44, 

Gasoline  Production - f.o 

(leueral  Education  Board 534 

Generals,  U.  S.  Army.. 6o3 

(Geographic Board,  U.  S &-» 

"    Society.  National 5^3 

(ieogranhical  Research ol8 

''•    societv,  American 04 

(Geological  Society  A  merica. . ..  52: 

Geometrical  Progression. ..... .]lo4 

(Georgia  Election  Returns.. .704-/06 

Geoiogv  and  Paleontology ol7 

German  Empire o99 

Ministry bO- 

Roval  Family 604 

A  riny  and  Navy..  .296, 59b, 61b 

Battleships o^^^ 

Commercial  Agreement  .233 
Diplomatic  Intercourse. .  .281 

(Government  of 61*^ 

Gin,  Production  of •^9'| 

(Gleaners,  (jrder  of • ow 

Gloves  and  Mittens,  Leather.  .220 

Glass  Producti(!n ••  .38;. 

Goatsin  U.  S.,Vaineof 3b3 

Gold  Certificates,  U.S o69 

"    Coins  in  Circulation, 8bl 

"    ill  Circulation 

Mines,  Product 

Production  of 


.  OOb 

.S58 


PAGK 

Harvard  Boat  Races 452 

Hawaii 285,  599,64o,  74b 

"    Commerce <.349 

"    Population 599, 623 

Hav,  Production  of 383 

Heads  of  Governments 16,601 

Health  Dept.,  N.  Y'.City 747 

"    Public 211 

Heart  Disease,  Deaths  from  . .  .395 
I  Height  of  Buildings  inN.Y.. ..776 

I    "    of  Mountains 137,145 

"    of     Prominent   Points   in 

N.  Y.Citv 799 

"    and  Weight  of  Men  and 

Women 148 

Help  in  Accidents 231 

Hemp  Crop -4=^ 

•'    Products 21b 

Hepta-sophs,  Order  of a'Jo 

Hibernians,  Order  of 50o 

Hierarchv,  Roman  Catholic. .o/O 
Highways,  Bureau  of,  N.Y.C...747 

Hindooism s67 

Historical  Ass' u,  American  ...520 

•'•    Events,  Dates  of 110-111 

Hockey  Records 451 

Hog  Statistics 389 

Holidays •   • -332 

Homes  and  Asylums  in  New 

York  City 759-760 

Homes  for  Soldiei-s. 83() 

"    in  United  States 62b 

Homicide  in  United  States....  396 

Homing  Pigeons ..4a6 

Honueopathy,   American    I"-. 

stitute .;4  •;:•••  2h\ 

Hook  and  Ladder  Cos.,  N.  \  . . .  /92 

Hops.  Production  of 383 

II or.se- Racing  Records 474 

Horses,  Value  of,  in  U.  S o83 

Hosierv  and  Knit  Goods, 21o 

Hospitals,  N.  Y\  City..... ..773-7/4 

Hotel  Liquor  Licenses,  N.  ^  .  -  391 

Hotelsiu  N.  Y.  City 817 

House  Fla^  on  Steamei-s 440 

"    of  Commons *'14 

"    of  Lords 611,614 

"    of  Representatives 685-b90 

Hudson- Fulton  Celebration.  ..401 

Huguenot  Society 5^2 

Human  Family l'>? 

Humane  Society.  American.  .5bo 
Hniitingand  Game  Laws.  .446-447 


Imports 

Legations  in  U 

Mails  

Ministries 


S. 


187-18S. 

,  »  •  •  tTi 

....490 

•  >  •  »iyOmi 

....341 
800 

....679 
and 
350 

677 

226 
602 


"■    Source  of,  in  U.  S 3o^ 

Golden  Cross,  Order  of 50o 

(Golf 4b.p 

Good  Fellows,  Royal  Societj'. ,  .50o 

"    Fridavin  1908 Wo 

Roads  Ass'n,  Nat'l 641 


356,379  Hurdle- Racing  Records 4!<1 


Missions, American  Board  576 

Moneys  aW-'^^"^^ 

Population  in  U.S — b2o. 


"    Templars,  Order  of. 
Governments  of  the  Earth.. 
(Governorsof  New  York..  .. 

"    of  StatesinU.  S 

(Grain  Production  of  V.  S. ... 

Grand  Armvof  the  Republic 
Gravity,  Specific  .  ..^  .........  • 

(Great  Britain,  see  ' 'Briti.sh.  " 
Greece,  Army  and  Navy  of  2% 

"    Statistics  of 599 

Grecian  Battleships 598 

(G reek  Calendar  for  1908 114 


406 
.616 
.283 
.646 
.381 
...^90 
.  .109 


629,638 

"  ^^!roftheu.-s:;.:::347:ll^ 

"    Wars,  Military  Order  of.. 586 

Foresters,  Order  of ioV^ 

Forestry  Staustics 234-2.ib 

Forts.  N.  Y.  City 

Forty  Immortttls 

Foundei-s  and  Patriots 

America 

France  and  Colonies. 


...v93 
...531 
of 

...58r> 


Church  Adherents 56' 

Roval  Family 604 

Gregorian  Calendar ;^Ai9, 

Guam 285,599,623,645 

H 

H  A.CK  Fake.«,  N.  Y.  City 790 

Hague  Conference  of  1907.  .292-293 

Hall  of  Fame 

Hams,  Production  of 


Hurricane  Warnings 139 


I 


TCE,  MAXrFACTURED 214 

Ice  Yacht  Club  Races 4o3 

I.e.  A.  A.  A.  A.  Records 48:i 

Idaho  Election  Returns 7()b 

Illinois  Election  Returns. ,  .707-708 
niiterate  Population  in  U.  S...627 

Immigration  into  U.  S 441 

"    Commissioner,  X.Y 797 

"    Law.  New 184-186 

Immunity  Bath  Legislation.  ..369 
Impeachments  in   U.   S.  His-  ^_ 

torv l^o 

Imports 347-3.00 

Indebtedness  of  Nations 363 

Independence  Declaration.  172-173 

"    League  Principles 246 

India,  (Government  of 613 

Indian  Commissioners,  Board. 648 

"    Corn  Production 381 

"    Population  in  U.  S 625 

"     Wars.  Order  of 586 

Indiana  Election  l?eturns. .708-710 


.535  Indians,    Expenditure,  U.S. 
.389lTndoor  .Athletic  Records.... 


.=>9:rHani!ner 


Army  and  Aavy:::296,596.616'ilaruess  Racing 


fhrowing  Records.  .4fe2lfndustrial  i'eace... 
477-478    "    Progress,  b.S. 


344 

,483 
335 
202 


SBS    CLASSIFIED  iy>VEKTISINGJgi_PA9E^  ^  J^  ^^^ 


General  Index — Continued. 


1 


PAOJE 

"In    God    We  Trust,"    When 

First  Used  onCoius ;{73 

I  iiliabitaiits  of  Earih 145 

luliabiiauts  of  U.  S.  see  "Pop- 
ulation." 

Itilieritance  Tax 369 

Initiative  and  Referendum 298 

J  nland  Waterwujs 299 

Insanity  .Statistics 398 

Inspection  of  8teani  Vessels... T97 
Insular  Posse.ssionsof  U.  8.284-286 

Insurance  Statistics 410-414 

Interborough  Rapid    Transit, 

835-839 
Intercollegiate  Var.sity  Ilaces,452 
Interest  Hates  in  N.   V.    Sav- 
ings-Banks 756-757 

"    Tables  and  l.aws.  .154-155,228 
Interior  JJepartmeut  Ollicials.  .648 

"    Secretaries  of  the 277 

iHternul      Revenue     Officers, 

N.  Y 797 

"    Revenue  Receipts, 343,346 

luternational  Boat  Races 454 

*'    Bureau  of  American  He- 
publics 211 

' '    League  of  Press  Clubs 528 

"    Reform   Bureau 641 

Interscliolastic,  Records 483 

Interstate  Commerce  Com 648 

"    Commerce  Law 190 

"    National  Guard  Ass"n 593 

Intestate's  Per.sonal  Estate 502 

Intimidation  Laws 177 

Iowa  Election  Returns 710-711 

Ireland,  Area  and  Population, 

607,615 

"    Government  of 411 

Irish  Catholic  Benew  Uuion. .  .505 

Iron  and  Steel  Industry; .377 

■•'    and  Steel  Tonnage  in  U.S.  345 

"•    World's  Production  of, 375 

Israel,  Free  Sous  of 505 

1  talian  Government 617 

"    Ministry 602 

"    RoyalFamily 604 

Italy  and  Colonies 599 

"  Army  and  Navy  of  ....,296,617 
"  Diplomatic  Intercourse 282 


PAGE 

Kentucky  Election    Returns. 

712  7141 

King's  Daughters  and  Sons 5771 

Knights  and  Ladies  of  Honor.  .505^ 

"    of  Columbus 505 

"•    of  Golden  Eagle 505 

"    of  Honor 505 

"    of  Labor 15,181i 

"    of  Maccabees 5u5' 

''    of  Malta -505 

"    of  Pythias 407 j 

"    of  St.  .lohn  and  Malta 505 

"    Templars 4051 

Knit  Goods,  Manufactures 216; 

Knots  and  Miles 153 

Korea,  Statistics  of 599 


VAOK 


Japax,  Akea    axd  Popula- 
TIQN 599 

"    Army  aud  Navy 296-297 

Japanese  in  the  U.  S 625 

''    Battleships 597 

"    National  Exposition 399 

Jewish  Calendar  for  1908 114 

"    Churchesin  N.Y.Citv.761,767 

"    Era 105 

"    Historical  Soc 522 

Jews,  Number  of 567-568 

Judgments.  When  Outlawed.  .228 

Jndiciarj'of  New  York  Citv 749 

"    of  New  York  State.  .'..16,694 
"    of  State.s.   (See  Each  State 
Election  Returns.) 

Judiciary  of  United  States 650 

Julian  Calendar 107 

Julian  Period  and  Year 105 

Jumping  Records 481 

J upiter.  Planet 105,127 

Jury  l)nty,New  York  City.  748,798 
.lustice,  U.  S.  Department  of. .  .648 
Justices  of  the  U.  S.  Supreme 

Con rt  Since  1789 278 

Jate  Manufactures  .,,,,,,,,,..  .216 

K 

Kansas  Election  Returns, 

711-712 
Kentucky  Derby 474 


Lajiok   Commission,    N.     Y. 

State 691 

Labor  J  niormatiou.. 17t>-181, 261 

Lacrosse  Records 459 

Ladies'  Catholic  Beuev.  Ass'  n,505 
Ladies  of  the  Maccabees  of  the 

World 505 

Lakes,  Great,  Area  of 410 

Lake  Mohouk  Conference 360 

Land  Forces  ol  Europe 296 

Land.s,  Public,  in  U.  S 208,344 

Languages  Spoken,  European.  145 

Lard,  Production  of 389 

Latitude  aud  Longitude 147 

Latter- Daj'  Saints 681 

Law  Courts, N.Y.  City 749 

"    IC.xaminationsiu  N.Y 503 

"     Schools  in  U.  S 536 

Lawn-Tennis  Records 462-463 

Lawyers'  Club,  N.  Y.  City 797 

Jjead,  Production  of 378-379 

"    Smelting 376 

Leaders, District,  N.  Y.  City.. 783 
League  of  American  Munici- 
palities   641 

Leap  Y'ears 112 

Learned   Societies.    American 

520-523 

Leather  Industry ., 219 

Legacy  Tax  Laws 369 

Legal  Holidays 332 

Legations,  Foreign,  in  U.  S 677 

Legislation,  State 194-201 

Legislature,  N.  Y.  State 692 

Legislatures,  Pay  and  Terms  of 

Members 646 

Legislatures.     (See  Each  State 

Election  l{eturns. ) 
r^egishitures.  State, When  Next 

Sessions  Begin  646 

Leuox  Library...  564 

Lent  in  1908 lOo 

Letter  Carriers,  N.  Y .  City  — 795 

*'    Postage 221,224 

Liberia,  Statistics  of 599 

Libraries,  N.  Y.  City 564,775 

Library  of  Congre.ss 532 

Licen.se  Fees  in  N.  Y.  City 790 

Licenses, Bureau  of.  N.Y'. City. 748 
Life,  Human,  Duration  of.  ...  145 

■•'    Insurance  Statistics.  ..411-413 
Life   Saving  Corps,  Volunteer 

U.  S 829 

l-ife-Saving  Service 644,797 

r.ight- House  Establi-shmeut . .  .371 

Lightning,  Loss  by 139 

Limitations,  Statutes  of 228 

Lincoln'  s  Gettysburg  Speech.  175 

Liquid  Measure 152 

Liquor  Prohibition  Movement. 392 

"    Statistics 389-392 

Literature   in  1907 524-526 

Living.  Cost  of 340 

Lockouts.  Strikes,  etc 204-205 

Locomotives 416,437 


LoDdou  Ollicials  &  Population. 

615. 

LongMea.sure 

Longitude  Table 

Lords,  Hou.se  of 

Louisiana  Election  Retui!is.714- 

Loyal    Americans  of  the  Re- 
public  

Loyal  Legion,  Military  Order. . 

Lumber  in  L'.  S 234- 

Luther  League  of  America 

Lutheran  Churches  in  N.   Y 
City 762 

Lutherans,  Number  of...  .567 


622 
I5J 
147 
614 
715 


505 
592 
238 
577 

,767 
■563 


[>I 


Maccabees,  Knights  of 5o5 

Magnetic  Declination.s 144 

Magistrates,  N.  Y.  City 749 

Mails,     Domestic     aud    For- 
eign  221-226 

^raiue  Election  Returns 715 

Major-GeneraLs,  U.  S.  Army..  653 

Malt  Liquors,  Statistics 390 

Manhattan  El.  R.  R 836 

Manufactures 212-213 

Map  Elevated  Rv.,  N.  Y 836 

"    N.  Y.  City  Assembly  Dis- 
tricts and  Wards l.xxiii 

"    of  Subway,  N.  Y 836 

^farlne  Corps, L'i!itedStates.297 ,664 

"    Engineers,  .Society 523 

"    Insurance 410 

Marriage  <fe  Divorce  Laws.  .498-499 

Married  Persons  in  U.  S 627 

Mars,  Planet 105, 127 

-M arshals.  United  Stales 651 

Maryland  FJlection  lleturn.s.715-716 
Ma.sonic  Graud  Lodges,  U.  s.. 

404-405 
Masonry,  Sovereign  Sanctuary 405 

Ma.sons,  Colored 405 

■^    Knights    Templars 405 

"    Royal  Arch 405 

"•    Scottish  Rite 336 

Massachusetts  Election  Ret'  ns. 
i  716-717 

IMathematical  Society,  Amer.  .521 

Maj-flower  Descendants 582 

(    "•    Passengers 336 

Mayors  of  New  York  City 283 

'  *•    ot  Cities  in  United  States. 642 
Measures,   Ancient  Greek  and 

Roman 153 

"   Domestic    152 

"  Metric  System  of 149 

"  Used  in  Great  Britain 152 

Meat  lu.speetiou  La.w 188 

"    Packing 214 

Mechanical  Engineers,  Ameri- 
can Societj" 521 

Mechanics,  United  Ani«ricaM..506 

Medal  of  Honor  Legion 587 

Medical  Association.  Amer 521 

"    Assn.  of  the  Southwest... 523 

"     Examinations,  N.  Y 229 

"    Schools  in  U.  S 536 

Medicine,  American  Academy. 520 

:Medico- Legal  Society 523 

Medico- Psychological  Ass'n  ..521 

Memorable  Dates 110 

Men's  Dress  Chart 403 

Merchant  Marine 114 

jIMerchaut  Navies  of  the  World. 345 

jMercury,  Planet 105,127 

;;Metals.  Production  of 379 

[Methodist  Bishops 571 

I    "     Churches  in  N.Y. City. 762, 768 
Methodists,  Number  of...  _567-569 

.Metric  System 149-151 

Metropolitan  Handicap 474 

Me.xico.  Army  and  Navy  of 

296-297,629 


SEE  ADVERTISING    INDEX    ON   PAGES  XCIX    TO    CIIL 


8 


General  tniex —  Continued. 


PAGEl 


PAGE 


Mexico, Statistics  of.... 599,  620  National  Congrpss  of  Mothers.. 402 

i\Iica,  Production  of H78     ''    Civic  Fecierat ion. laJl^ 


JMicliigau  I'JIection  Ketiuiis. 717-718; 

i\rile,  F.nglisb 154; 

I\[ilitaiy  Academy  of  U.  S 652 

"    JJepartiuents,  U.  S 661 

"    Older  Foreign  Wars 586 

"    Order  Loyal  Legion 592 

"     Resources  ofKnrope 296 

Militia  in  iS\  V.  City 793 

''    Naval 662,782 

"    of  t  lie.  States 662 

Milk  Froihiction 383.389 

I>Iillionaires,  American 322-5HU 

INIiiieral  Prodnctsot  U.  S 37b 

]Ministers,  Foreign,  in  U.  !S. 279-282 

of  Ii^uropean  tJonntries 602 

"      U.S.,  Abroad 279-282.674 

Mi  miesot  a  Klectionlletnrns  719-720 

Mint,  Directors  of 279 

jMints,  Coinage  of 359 

"     Superintendents  of 649 

IMi.ssions,  Am.  P>oard  Foreiern.  576 
IMississippi  Flection  Ret' n--. 720  721 
Missouri    ]']lection    lleturns 


.265 
, .  590 
..163 
...5: 
.  641 
219 
..782 


721 


Deni.&  liep. Conv'ns 

"    Fncuiui)nienls 

"    Flag 

•'    (ieograpliic  Society. . 
"    (lOod  Roads  Ass'ii.. 

"    Grange 

"    Oiiard 

''    Home  Disabled  Volunfs. 830 

•■'   Meat  Inspection  Law 188 

"    Municipal   and   Civic  Or- 
ganizations   641 

"    Municipal  League 641 

"    Party  Platforms 249-262 

"    Provident  Union 506 

"    Pure  Food  Law 187-188 

"    Purity  Federation 578 

"    Kepu'blican  League 242 

"    Sculoture.Socielj' 510 

"    Suirftualists'  Association. 580 

"    Union 506 

"    Unions 181 

Nations,  Indebtedness  of 353 

"      Wealth  of 353 

Naturalists' Society,  American. 52 


Mohammedan  Calendar 

]M()i)!!mniedanisni 567 

jNlolasses  Production 383 

IMonarcliiesand  Republics 145 

JNlonetary  statistics 356 

Monev    Contributions,   Act 

Prohibi  ting 193 

"    Orders  in  1907 370 

"    Orders,  Postal 223,226 

jVIoneys,  Foreign 153 

]\lonroe  Doctrine 232 

]\[ontiina  Flection  Returns 722 

Monthly  Calendars  for  1908.115-126 
Moon,  Information  About.... 

115,126-127 


.114  Xaturalization  Laws  of  United 


States '-^39 

Naval  Academv  of  U.  S 652 

"    and  Military  Order,  Span- 
ish-American  War 591 

"    Architects,  Society  of 523 

"    Eidistment 671 

"    FiXamining  an(J    Retiring 

Boards 665 

"    Jlilitia .662,781 

"    Observatory 665 

' '    Officers,  Customs 649 

"    t)rderof  the  United  State.s.587 

"    Veterans,  Nat"  1  Ass'n  —  587 

Navies  of  the  World 296 


Moonlight  Chart  for  1908. ..'... .  .129' Navigation,  Opening  &  Closing. 140 


INIoon's  Phases  in  1908 12: 

^Moravians  in  U.  S 569 

Morocco,  Stat  istics  of 599 

IVIortality  Statistics 394-395 

Mothers  National  Congress 402 

Motor  Boats 492 

Motor  C  vcle 464 


Moltoesof  States. . 


.372-373 


^Mountains,  Highest ...137,145 

Mount  Vernon  Ladies'  Associa- 
tion  334 

Mules,  Value  of,  in  U.  S 383 

Multi-Millionaries,  American 

322, 330 

Municipal  Civil  Service.  N.  Y.748  ^,  ^       ,     ,i,       •      t>   .  n-.o  r-i. 

•'    and  Civic  Organizations  .  .641  ^,ebraska ^-lecnon Returns. -23-/24 
"    courts.  N.  Y.  City 750i^ecrology  of  19i<7 31o-ol< 


Navy,  British 61: 

"  Captains  and  Command 

ers  .   664-665 

*'  Dep't  I'^xpenditures 344 

"  Department  Officials 647 

"  FlagOlhcers 663 

"  League  of  the  U.S 587 

"  Pav  Table 672 

"  Rank  of  Officers 671 

"  Retired  List 663 

"  Secretaries  of  the 277 

''  U.  S.  Official  Li.st 663 

"  United  States 863-673 

"  U.  S. ,  Ves.sels 666-672 


PAGK 

N.Y.CityPopulat'n.622.643, 77^,783 

*'     "        Public  Library 564 

"     "        Ta.x:  Rate 643 

"     "         Vote 726-729 

New  York  (.'ounties.  Political  and 
.Judicial  Divisions... 696 

"    Co'.s,  Order  of  Creation 696 

"    Stale  Ci\'il   Service  Com- 

mis-sionei-s 691 

•'     "    Constitution 164-171 

"     '•    Democratic  StateCom- 

mittees 246 

"      "    Election  Returns.. 726-727 

•'     "    Oovernment 691 

"      "    Judiciary 694-695 

"      "    Legislature,  1908... 692-693 

II     II    Probation  C;om 402 

•'     '"•    Public    service  Com- 
missioners   691 

"     "    Republican  StateCom- 

mittees 246 

"      Public  Service  Act.  ..191-19H 

"      Zoological    Socielj' 523 

Nickel  Prod  uction 379 

Nigh t  Signals  or.  Steamers 440 

Nobel  Prizes 5;^ 

Nobles  of  the  M.vstic  Shrine.  .  .405 
No.  Carolina  Flection  Returns. 

730-731 

NorthDakotaFlection  Retm-ns.731 

Norway.  Area  and  Population. 599 

"         Armv  and  Navv.  .296-297 

"•         Ministries 602 

Norwegian  Battleships 598 

Norwegian  Royal  Famil  j' 604 

Notes,  Promissory 501 

"     When  Outlawed 228 

Novels  of  1907 524-526 

Numerals,  Roman  and  Arabic.  155 
Numismatic  and  Archaeologi- 
cal Society 521 

Nurse  Training  Schools 536 

Nur.«;es,  Registration  of 229 

Nutritiveuess  of  Foods. . . .» 340 


O 


"    statistics  Bureau,  N.  V. .  .747 
MunicipaUties.  Amer.  League  641 

Jlurdersin  U.S 396 

INIu.seums  &  Music  Halls,  N.  V..751 
Musical  People,  Ages, etc.. 507-509 

jMystic  Circle,  Order  of 505 

"■    Shrine. Noblps  of  tlie 4G5 

"    Workers  Of  the  World.... 505 


N 


Names,  Commonkst 338 

Naphtha  Production 375 

National  Academy  of  Design., 510 
*'    A.  A.  U. Championships. .  .479 

"    A cademy  of  Sciences 623 

"    Ass'n  forStudy  of  Epile- 
psy  523 

••    Ass'n  for  Study  and  Pre- 
vention of  Tuberculosis.  523 

"    Ass'  n  o  f  Postmasters 370 

"    Bank  Examiner  N.Y.City .797 

"    Bank  Notes .359 

"    Bank  Statistics 361,755.757 

"    Cemeteries 830' 


Oat  Crop  Statistics S81.383 

Obituary  Roll  of  1907 315-317 

Occupations  in  U.  S 632-633 

Occurrences  During  Printing.15-16 

Ocean  Steamers 438-440, 784 

Oceans,  Depth  of 145 

Virds  United*States'"""'67i  ^^Itl   Fellowship,  Information. 406 
\auls,Lnitea  states...... ba  oi,io  j,;iection  Returns 732 

Oklahoma  Election  Returns.  ..733 
Oklahoma,  Statehood 300 


Needles  &  Pins,  iManufaciures 


.in 7  Old  People  of  1908,  Famous 318 

■le;  ^j.iiOpera  Houses  in  N.  Y.  City..  ..751 


Ministry 602 

Royal  Famil. V  of 604 

Nevada  Election  Returns 724 

New  Eng. Order  Protection...  506 

New  Hamp.shire  Election  Re- 
turns   725 

New  Jer.sey  Election  Returns, 

724-725 

New     Me.xico    Election      Re- 
turns  725-726 

Newspaper  Postage 221 

"    &  Periodicals 529 

"    Measure,standard 154, 

"    Statistics 528,Paral.vsis,  Deaths  from 39d 

N.  Y.  City  Civil  Service 210,  Parcels  Post 225 

"     "        Clearing- House. 362. 755  Parks,  National 236 

"     "        Oovernment    ...747-7481     ''    New  York  City 781,798 

"     "         Information  Begins.747| Parliament,  British 614 

"     "        Judiciarv 749,  F'artv  Divisions  in  Congress.  ...682 

•'      "         NalionalNuard 7821    "    Platforms 249-262 


Pacing  Records 478 

Painting  and  Sculpture 510 

Palm  Sundav  in  1908 105 

Panama  Canal 287-291,645 

"     Zone 286 

"    Statistics  of 599 

Paper  Production 529 


SEE    CLASSIFIED    ADVERTISING    ON    PAGES    859     TO   «W. 


General  Index — -  Continued. 


PAGK 

Passport  Regulations 158 

Pastors  of  Churches  iu  N.  Y. 
City 761 

Patents,  Coiiiruissiouers  of 279 

Patent  Oltice 206-207 

Patriots  of  America,  Order  of... 357 

Patrons  of  Husbandrj' 299 

Pawnbrokers' Kegulatious,Ne\v 

York 773 

Peabody  Education  Fund 534 

Peacli  and  Pear  Crop 383 

Peanut  Crop 383 

Penalties  for  Usury 22S 

Peun,sylvauia  Meet'  n  Keturns. 

734-735 

Pension  Agencies 648, 797 

"    Commissioners 279 

*'    Law,  General  Service 211 

"    statistics 230-231,648 

People's  Party  National  Com- 
mittee   245 

.Per  Capita  Statistics 202,356,361 

Periodic  Comets 131 

Periods,  Chronological. 105 

Persia,  Statistics  of 599 

Personal  Estate, Distribution.. 5o2 

Personal  Memoi'anda 17 

Personalty  in  U.S 354.6-12-643 

Peru,  Army  and  jNTavy  of .  .296-297 

"■    Statistics  of 599 

Petroleum,  Production  of.. 375, 378 

Pharmacy  Examinations 229 

Philippine  Commerce 349 

"    Islands 284 

Phili})pine   Area  and  Popula- 
tion   ..599,623,645 

Philological  Association  , A  nier- 

can 522 

Philosophical  Society.  Am 522| 

Physical  Society.  Arnerican....522j 

Physicians,  American  Associa-     I 

lion.  5**^ 

Piers,  New' YorkCi'ty'.l.*.'.' .7931 

Pig  Iron  Production 375,379' 

Pilgrim  Fathers,  Orderof 506i 

Pilot  Commissioners 748| 

Pistol  Records 449 

Planetary  Configurations, 

1908 130-1311 

Platinum  Production 379 

Plays  of  1907 753 

Pneumonia,  Deaths  from 395 

Poisons,  Antidotes  for 321 

Polar  Research 519 

•'     Regions,  Area  and  Popu- 
lation  145 

Pole  Star,  Mean  Time  of  Tran- 
sit  132-133 

Police  l)ept.,X.Y.  City 747.799 

Political    and     Social    Science    | 

Academy 520 

"    Committees 243-2461 

'*    Conventions 259-262' 

"    Divisions  in  Congress 6821 

"    Platforms 262 

"    Recordsofl907 2^3' 

Polo 464 

Pool  Records 467 

Popular   Vote,   President, 

270-271,697  698 
Population,  According  to  Age, 
Conjugal         Condition, 

Illiteracy , 627 

"    According       to       School      I 

Age  &  Voting 628 

"    According    to   Sex,    Na-      | 

tivity,  and  Color 625 

"    According  to   Vote  Cast.  .629; 

"    All  Countries 599' 

"    by    Dwellings,    Families,      | 

Density,  etc 626i 

"    by  (4overnors  of  States., .  .63li 
'•'    by  State  Censuses  in  1905., 6241 

"    by  Topographic  Divs 6291 

"*    Centreof 633! 

"'   JE;aclaCe;ui?us,l79o  tol90o..623i 


PAGE 

Population ,  Foreign  in  United 

States 629,6.38 

"    Indian 355,625 

"    of  Africa 599,  (507, 621 

"    of  America  (British) 607 

'•    of  Asia 607 

"    of  Australia 607 

"    of  British  Empire 599,607 

"    of  Canada 618 

"    of  Citiesof  U.S 

635-637,639,642-643 

"    of  Cuba  15, 599 

"    of  Earth  According  to 

Race 145 

"  of  ICarth,  by  Continents.. 145 
"  of  Foreign  Countries  ...356,599 
"    of  Gt. Britain  and  Ireland, 

607,615 
"    of  Incorporated  Places  in 

U.  S 635-637 

"    of  Largest  Cities  of  Earth. 622 

"    of  London 615 

"    of  INIexico 599,620 

"  of  New  England  Towns.  .,637 
•'    of  2sew  York  Citv, 

622^643,772,783 


PAGK 

Prohibition  Nat' 1  Committee.. 245 

"    Platform 257-258 

Promissory  Notes  and  Checks  .501 
Property,  .Assessed    Valuation 

in  U.S 642-643 

Protected  Home  Circle 5o6 

Protestant  Ei)is,  Bishops 571 

"'    Episcopal     Churches,    in 

N.  Y.City 763,769 

Protestants,  Number  of 567 

Provident  Loan  Society 773 

Public  Administrator,  N.Y....748 

"    Buildings,  N. Y.City 775 

"     DebtofU,  S 202,351 

"  Cities  in  U.  S 642 

"    Health  Ass' n,  American. 522 

"•    Health 211 

"     Landsof  U.  S 208 

"    Porters 795 

"    Schools  Athletic  League..470 
"    Schools  in  N.  Y.City 

555,777-779 

'*    Service  Act, N.  Y 191-193 

"    Service  (^omra'rs 691.748 


"    Works Dept.,  N.  Y.City.. 747 

Pugilism 459  493—494 

o f  U.  S. .  202, 361, 599. 623;  631 ,638  Pupils,  School ,*  in  *  u!  S.. . .  1 . ". . .  536 

"    Rank  of  States 633  Pure  Food  Law 187-188 

"    Urban,  in  U.  S 633  Purity  Federation,  National,  ,.578 

"    Which  c'annot  Speak  En-       Pythias,  Knights  of... 407 

glish 627 

Pork,  Production  of 389 

Porto  Rico 284-285.599.645,746 

"         "    Commerce 349 

"    Population 599.623 

Portugal  and  Colonies 599 

"•*    Army  and  Navy 296-297  ^„„,..„..    ,.„„,„„„ 

Portuguese  Battleships 598i*°^V^.^^fA;  '-entury 

Pni-t  WaiviPns  AT    v'pitv ^43  Quarantine Commissionei-s.691, 748 

roil  UaiaenS,  r«J.    \  .  Llt>  ...       ./4S  Oi,ir.lr«nvo.-     P.-^,1ii/>tir.n  r.f  qtq 

Postal  Inlormation 221-226 


u 


QrALIKKATIONSKORVOTIXG.240 

Record    of 
52-104 


Quicksilver,  Production  of 379 

Quoits  Records 448 


Postmasters  of  Cities  in  United 

States 649 

Postmasters-General, Listof 277 

Postmasters,  National  Assu 370  » 

Post-office  Dep'  t  OITicials 648'  , 

:S.\  Citv 794-7951 

"         '•       Statistics 370-371  Rack,    POPULATION    ACCORD- 

PotatoCrop  in  U.  S 383     ixg  to 146 

Potentiality  of  U.S 360  Races  of  Mankind 148 

Potomac,  Society  of  Army 593  Racquets  &  Court  Tennis 468 


ISailroad  Accidents 433 

•'    Cars  Manufactures 218 

•'    Clubs 433 

"     Commissioners • 436 

"    Earnings&  Expenses.  .416-432 

"    Employes  in  U.S 438 

"    Expresses 417-432 

"     "Grouped"  by  Capital- 
ists  437 

"    Equipment *, 437 

"    Manhattan  Elev 838 

"    Mileage 416-432,435 

"    Officials 417-432 

"    Pa.ssenger  Stations,  N.  Y..775 
"    Rates, Regulation.,261,302-303 

"    Speed  Records...  434 

''    Statl>.ticsof  U.S 416-435 

*'    Stoc'Kholders 435 

*'    Stocks,  List 3ti5-367 

"    Traffic 416,435 

Rainfall.  Normal,  in  the  U.  S.  .137 
"    of  Foreign  Cities 137 

Rank    of    (Jllicers,    Arn)y    and 
Navy 656,671 

Rates  "of  Postage 221 


Poultry  and  Eggs,  Production 

of 389 

Power  Transmission 514 

Precious  Metals. statistics 358 

"     Stones,  Production 378 

Presbvteriau  Assemblies 573 

"    Churches  iuN.  Y.  City, 763- 769 
Presbyterians,  Number  ol.  .567. 569 

Preserving  Industry 393{ 

President  Roosevelt's  Admin- 

istraiion 259 

Presidents  of  the  U,  S 272-274 

'•    of  the  U.  S,  Senate 275 

"    Salary 269 

Presidential  Cabinet  Officers. 

276-278 

'•    Elections 269! 

'♦    Election  of  19QS< 264 

'•     Elections.  1789  to  1904 .  .270-271 

"    Succession 274 

"    Vote 264-271,697-698 

Press  Clubs.  League 528 

"     Statistics  of 528 

Prices  of  Commodities 340 

"    forRareAmer.  Coins. 338-339 

Printed  Matter,  Postage 221iRatio  of  Silver  to  Gold 356 

Printing  Industry 5291  Read y-RelerenceCalendarsll2-113 

Prisoners  Commutation  Table.396  Realty  and  Personalty.  .354, 642-643 

*'    in  U.  S 397!llear-Admira!s,  U.S.  Navy.... 633 

Produce,  Minimum  Weights  of.l51i  Receipts  &  Expenditures,  U.  S.344 

Production,  Countries   Excel-        jRechabites,  Orderof 506 

ling  in 194  Reciprocity  Treaties 15,  2.32 

Professional  Schools  in  U.  S  . .  .5361  Record  of  Events  in  1907 313 

Progref:.- of  rnited  States    202-203|  Records  Political 263 

Prohibition  MoV mt,spread  of  392lRed  Cross,  Amyricaa  Nat'L . .  .594 


jimtxmsm  »u>is  fK,  tmi&  xoa  to  esxk- 


10 


General  Index —  Continued. 


PAGE 

Red  Men,  Order  of 506 

Reformed  Churches,  Alliance  .573 

"■'    Church  in  America 572 

"    Episcopal  Bishops 572 

''    iSumberof 568 

Regents'  Examinations, N.Y.. 229 
Regents  of  University,  N.  Y....691 
Regiments,  U,  S.,  Field   Olti- 

cers 660 

Registration  of  Mail  Matter223- 224 

"    of  Trade-  Marks 181 

"    of  Voiei-s,  ..  242 

Regular  U.  S.  Army  and  Navy 

Union 586 

ReigniugFamiliesof±Curope603-606 

Religious  Statistics 567-5t59 

Representatives  in  Cougr's.685-690 

"    S-ilary  of 630 

Repui)lic, Grand  Armyof. .„..  590 
Republican  National  and  State 

Conunittees 244 

"    Conventio!isl5,  260-262,255-268 

"    Jjeugue,  National 242 

"    Party  Platforms 2-19 

Repul)lics  and  ^Monarchies.  . .  .145 

Revenue  C'utter  Service 644 

Reven  ues,U.S.Governmeat ....  342 

Revol'ition,  Daughters  of 589 

"    American,  Daughters  of.  .589 

"    American,  Sons  of 585 

"    Sousof  the 585 

Rhode    Island    Election    Re- 
turns  736 

Rhodes  Scholarship 557 

Rice  Crop 383 

Rifle  it  Revolver  Shooting.   . .  .449 

Ritualistic  Calendar 114 

Rod  and  Reel-Casting  Records. 448 

Roentgen  Ray  Society 522 

Rogation  Days.. 332 

Roman  Catholic   Churches   in 

N.Y.City 764,770 

"    Catholic  Hierarchy 570 

"    Catholics,  Numberof.. 567-568 

••    Era 105 

"    Numerals , 155 

Roosevelt  Pedigree 334 

Roque 456 

Rough  Riders'  Association 334 

Roumania,  Statistics  of 599 

Roumanian  Army 296 

Rowing  Records 452-453 

Royal  Academy 510 

"    Arcanum 407 

"    Arch  Masons 405 

"    Families  of  Europe.... 603-606 

"    League 506 

Rulers  of  Nations 16,601 

Rum,  Production  of 390 

Running  Records 481 

Russia,  Army  and  Navy.  296- 

297,  617 
"    Diplomatic  Intercourse... 279 

Russian  Calendar  for  1908 114 

"    Battleships 597 

"    Empire,  Population,  etc.. 599 

"    Government 617 

"    Imperial  Family 605 

"    Ministry 602 

Rye,  Production  of S81 


Safe  Deposit  Cos.  in  N.  Y.  ,775 
Salaries  of  Governors  of  States 

inU.S 646 

"    of  Members  of  State  Legis- 
latures in  U.S 646 

"    of  Representatives  in  U. 

S.  Congress 690 

"    of  U.  S.  Cabinet  Officers  ..647 

"    of  U.  S.  Senators 684 

Salary  of  the  President 269 


PAGE 

Saloons  in  N.Y.  City 391 

Salt,  Manufacture 215 

"    Production  of 378 

Salvation  Army 569,580 

Santo  Domingo  Treaty 295 

Saratoga  Handicap 475 

Saturn,  Planet 105.127 

Savings  Banks,  N.  Y.  City.  .756-757 

"     Banks  Statistics 361,363 

Sawmills  in  U.S 238 

Saxon  Royal  Family 605 

Sehoolsin  U.  S 536 

"    &  College  Enrolment. 536 

"    New  York  City.... 555, 777- 779 

"-    of  Pharmacy 536 

Schoolships,  State  Nautical 673 

Sciences,  Nat'  1  Academy 523 

Scientific  Progress  in  1907.. .516-517 

Scotland,  Government  of 611 

"     Area   and  Population. .607,615 

Scottish  Clans,  Order  of 506 

'*     Rite  Masons ,..336 

Sculpture .510 

"    National  Society 510 

Seaports,  Greatest 350 

Seasons,  The 105 

Secretaries,  Cabinet,  List 276 

Senate,  N.  Y.  State 692 

"     U.  S.  Presidents  pro  tem- 
pore  275 

Senatoi-s,U.  S 16,683-684 

••    U.S., Salary  of 684 

Servia,  Statistics  of 599 

Servian  Army 296 

"    Royal  Family 606 

Sewers,  Bureau  of,  N.  Y.  City .  .747 

ISex  Proportion  in  U.  S 624 

iSiiakespearian  Table 752 

Sheep  in  U.  S 202,383 

Sheriff,  N.  Y.  City 748 

Shield  of  Honor 506 

Ship  Subsidy  Bill 227 

Shipbuilding  in  V.  S 345-346 

Shipping,  American  &  Foreign. 345 

Shot-Putting  Records 482 

Shooting  Records. 449. 493 

Siam,  Statistics  of 599 

Sidewalks.  New  York  City. ...784 

Signals,  Weather •.  .138 

Silk  Manufactures 215-216 

.Silver  Certificates,  U.  S 202,  359 

"    Coinsin  Circulation 361 

■■'    in  Circulation 356 

"    Mines  Product 358 

"    Production  of 202.356,379 

"    Purchases  by  U.  S 357 

"     Ratio  toGold 357 

"     Source  of, in  U.  S 357 

Simplified  Spelling 533 

Single  Tax 248 

Sixieen-Hour  Act 189 

Sixtieth  Congress 6834590 

•Skat  i  ng  Records 45(1 

Ski  Records 451 

Slate.  Production  of 200 

Slater,  .Tohn.  F.,  Fflnd 534 

Slaughtering  and  jSIeat Packing  214 

Slaves  in  U.  S.  in  1790 630 

Smithsonian  Institution 566 

Snutt"  Production 380 

Social  ScienceAss'  n,Americau.52? 
Socialist  Labor  Committee. . .  .245 

"    Labor  Party  Platform 257 

"    Part V  Nat'  1  Committeel5, 245 

Societies  in  N.  Y.  City 780-781 

"    of  Warof  1812 588 

Society  of  The  Cincinnati.. 584-585 

Soda,  Production  of 378 

Solar  Energy,Sourceand  Main- 
tenance  134-1.35 

Solar  System 127 

Soldiers'  Homes 830 

Sons  of  Temperance 407 

Sons  of  the  American  Revoln- 
1    tion 585 


PAGE 

Sons  of  the  Revolution 585 

''    of  Veterans.  U.  S.  A 591 

South  &  Central  Amer.  Trade.  .621 
"■    American      Armies     and 

Navies 296-297 

S.  Carolina  IClection  Returns.737 
S.  Dakota  Election  Returns. ..  .737 
.Southern  Education  Board — 534 

''    Medical  Ass'n 523 

Sovereigns  of  Europe 56(J 

Spain,  Area  and  Population 59S 

"     Army  and  Navy 296-297 

"    Diplomatic  lntercour.se.  ..282 

Spanish-American  Claims 648 

"    Battleships 598 

"    Ministry 602 

"    Roval  Family 605 

' '    War  Veterans 16, 591 

Speakers  of  U.S.  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives  275 

Special  Sessions,  Court 749 

Specific  Gravity 109 

Speed  of  l{ailroad  Trains 434 

"     of  Steamships 440 

Spelling,  Simplified 533 

Spindles  in  O^ieration 384 

Si)irits,  StiUistics  ot 390 

Spiritualists,  National  Associa- 
tion  68C 

Spiritualists,  number  of 569 

Sporting  Records  Begin.  ...448-495 

Spring,  Beginning  of,  1908 105 

Square  Measure 152 

Squash  Records 491 

Stage,  The 507-509,753-754 

Standard  Oil  Co,  Prosecution. .  .301 

"    Oil  Stock 15,367 

"    Time 107 

Star  Table 133 

"    of  Bethlehem  Order 606 

Stars,  Morning  and  Evening. .  .105 
state  and  Territorial  Govern- 
ments  646 

"■    and  Territorial  Statistics..  645 
"    Banks.Loan  &  TrustCos.  ..361 

"     in  N.Y.  City 755 

"    Capitals 645 

''    Committees,  Political. 243-246 

"    Department  Olficials 647 

"     l<;iections 646,726-729 

"    Flowers 228 

"    Labor  Bureaus 176 

"    Legislation...   194-201 

'•    Legislatures 646 

"    :Militia 662 

"    Mottoes 372-373 

"    Officers  in  N.  Y.  City 748 

"    Ollicers.  (See   Each   State 

Election  Returns,  "i 
"    Party  Platforms  of  1907. .  .2aS) 
"    Rank  According  to  Popu- 
lation  6S3 

"    Rights 261 

States  and  the  Union 645 

"•    Area  of 645 

"    Debts  of 354 

Statistical  A  ss'  n .  A  merican 622 

Statutes  of  Limitations 228 

Steamboat  Inspection ,  U.  S 797 

Steamships  from  N.Y.  .438-439,784 

Steel  Industry 377 

"    Production  of 375 

"    Tonnage  in  U.  S.. 345 

Stockholders,   Railroad 435 

Stocks. Prices  of  Leading 365-367 

Stone  Production 378 

Storm  Warnings 139 

Street- Cleaning  I)ept..N.Y 747 

Street  Directory,  N.  Y.  City.. .  xlii 
.  Openings,  Bureau   of  N.Y. 

City 747 

Strikes  and  Lockouts 204-205 

St.  .Andrew.  Hrotlierhf)od  of 576 

St.  Vincent  de  Paul  Society.... 674 


SEE    CLASSIFIED   ADVERTISINC   ON    PAGES   S59    TO  8<9. 


General  Index —  (Jontinuect. 


11 


^nTTli. 


PAGK 

Stiidefjtsiu  tr.  S 638 

Submarine  Cables 444 

Siib-'Jieasury,  N.  V.City 797 

Suburban  Handicap 475 

"  Passenger  TraiVic,  U.  8. .  .559 
Subways  iu  is'ew  York. 786-789,8;!*'.- 

839 
SufTrafro  QMalifications 240- 'J41 

"    Kighl  of 239 

"     Woman 241 

Sugar  L'onsu  inption 387 

-  *•    Production 383. 387 

Suicide, Statistics  ot 398 

Sulpluir  Production 378 

Summer,  Keginning  of,  1908.... 105 
.Sun.  Kciipse  of 130 

"    iNlean  l>istance  of 137 

"     on  Meridian 114-126 

•     "    Rises  and  Sets 114-12H 

Sun's  Decliuation 132 

Buudav-Sciiool  Statistics 569 

"    World  Field  Daj-s 472 

Supreme  Court  of  U.  S 278,650 

N.  V 694.749 

Surety  Insurance 410 

Surgical  Ass'  n.  American 522 

Surrogate's  Court,  N.  Y 750 

Surveyors  of  Customs 649 

Sweden,  Area,  etc 599 

"    ArmvandNavv 296-297 

•"     Miui.stry  of 602 

Swedisli  Battleships 597 

' '    Koyal  Family 606 

Swi  mmiiig  Records , 468 

Swinein  tJ.S 383 

Switzerland.  Army  of 296 

''    Statistics  of 599 


T 


Tammany,  Society  of 586 

Tampa  Isthmian  Canal  Expo- 
sition  399' 

Tariff  Rates,  U.  S 156-157 

"    Revision 259 

Tax  Department,N.  Y.City 748 

"     Rate,  U.  S.  Cities 642-643 

"    Rates  of  St?tt«s 354 

*'    Siugle 248 

Taxable  Property  of  U.S.  Citie.s.642 

Taxes,  Internal  Revenue 843 

"•    Receiver  of,  N.  Y.  City 748 

Teaand  Coffee 387 

Teachers  in  U.  S.  Schools.  .536,538 
Telegraph  Inlormation.442-443,513 

Telephone  statistics 443,445.613 

Temperance,  Sons  of 407 

Temperature  of  Foreign  Cities.137 

'•    Normal, in  U.  S 136 

Tennes-seeElection  Returns  737-739 

Tennis  Records 468 

Territorial  Expansion  of  U.S.. 286 

Territories  of  United  States 645 

Te.vas  Election  Returns 739-741 

"    T.^nd  Measure 152 

Textiles  Manufacturers 21."i 

Theatres,  New  York  City*.'75i'774 

Theatrical  Rims 753-7.54 

Theological  Schools  in  fj  8  S-W 
Theosophical  Society,  The..569.' 579 
Thermometpi-s .'  141 

m^J'''n*^V^^  Armv  Corps  Ass'ii .592 
Tide  Tables  I40.143 

Timber  in  u.  h'.'.'.'."\ 237-238 

TimeDinrerence  ...\ ;!.,..109 

Divisions  of 107 

Standard 107 

Tm, Production  of 375 

Tobacco  Indusfrv 380 

"     Prodnctfonof 379,3*^3 

Tonnage,  Maritime .345 

Torpedo  Boats,  U.  S 669, 672 


PAGK 

Tract  .Societ  y,  American 575 

Trade,  Foreign,  of  U.  S 347-349 

Trade  INIarks,  Registration 181 

Training. Ships,  U.  S 673 

'i'ransallanti(;.steamers,438-439,784 

Trap  Shooting 455 

Treiismy  JJepartment  Officials.647 

"    Secretaries  of  the 276 

Treaties,  Arbitration 232 

•'    Reciprocity 15,232 

Tribe  of  Ben  Hur 504 

Trinity  Sunday  in  1908 105 

Tropical  Year 107 

Trotting  Itecords 477 

Trust  Companies  in  N.  Y"" 758 

Trusts  iu  Party  Platforms. 260-261 

'•    inU.S 306-312 

"    Prosecution  of,  by  U.  S.. 304 

'Turf,  the  American 474-478.493 

Turkey,  A  rmy  &  Navy  of .  .2%-297 
Turkish  Battleships 59? 

"    Empire 599 

Tutuila,  Area  and  Population 

285, 599,  645 

Twilight  Tables 114-126 

Typhoid  Fever,  Deaths  from... 395 


U 


Union  Army  Societies 592 

"    Fraternal  League. 506 

"    Veteran  Legion 693 

Unions,  Labor 177-181 

Unitarian  Ass'  n,  American 572 

Unitarians,  Number  of . .  .  .567-568 

United  American  Mechanics. .  506  ^^  ^ 

"    Confederate  Veterans s94|  ^  aluation, 

"    Christian  Party  Platform. 258 


PAG'K 

United  States  Navy 296, 663 

"    Navy  Vessels 666 

"    Navy  Y'ards 671 

"    Pen.sion  Statistics.. 230- 231.  648 
"    Population. .  ..202,361,599,623, 

631,638 

"    Postmasters 649 

"   Post-Omee  Statistics 370 

"    Progress 2o2-2'j3 

"   Public  Debt 202,351-352 

"    Pul)lic  Lands 203 

"    Receipts  &  Expenditures. 344 
"    Revenue  Cutter  Service. .  .614 

"   Secret  Service 371 

"    Senate,      Presidents    pro 

tempore 275 

"    Senators 6»3-6>s4 

•••    Shipping  Com' r,  N.  Y 797 

"    Supreme  Court 6.50 

"    Steel  Corporation 312 

"     Volunt'  rLifeSav'gCorps.829 

"    Wars 583 

"    Warships.... 666 

"    Wealth  of 360 

Universal  Brotherhood 579 

Univer.salist  Gen' 1  Convention. 572 

Universalists  inU.  S .569 

Universities  of  U.  S 537 

Uranus,  Planet 127 

Urban  Population  in  U.  S 633 

Usury.  Penalty  for 228 

Utah  Election  Returns 741 


Pkofkkty 


Assessed, 
IN   U.   S 


OP 


.642 


DaughtersolConlederacy.594  ^^'J^'^V^i^^'^^r^^ ^^^ 

Sons  Con  federate  Vets. ...  594  ^  etlauta  Society . .....    581 

Spaui.sh  War  Veterans...  .59r^<^^^c'^y"*  Windsiu  U.S...... 139 

Volunteer  Ass'  n... 591j  V  euezuela,  Area&  Populatiuu.599 


..5061 


Arm\-  of. 


1^6 


"    Workmen,  Order  of «wn.  ,,, 

United  States  Area 202. 599' ^^"^'■'^'  -^^';\V^^'- ,••. ' ^"^'  ^ 

"     Army  gg^.^j^j.)!  v  ermont  Election  Returu.s.741-742 

Army  and ■Navy'Union. 15,5861 '^'^^eraus  of  Indian  Wars,  Soc 


793 


of... 


..586 


Army  in  New  York  Citv „ 

As.say  Ollice  iu  N.  V...."..  .797P'^eterans,  teonsofU.  S.  Army..o9l 

Assistant  Treasurers 649*  Veterinary  Examinations 229 

Bankruptcy  Law 364|     ' '    ^chools 535 

Battleship   Fleet    to   Pa-       Vice-i^i'^s'««"tsof  U.S.,List. ..275 

cific ig     ••  "  Vote 270-271 

Census jry  Virginia  Election  Returns. .742-743 

"  '  -■      ~      •        "   rps..829 

580 
728 


Civil  Service  Commi.ssion  648^r^'"nteer  Lile-Saving  Cor 

Civil  Service  Rules  "oyy  Volunteers  of  America 

Constitution i.^iolTfi'^  Vote  of  New  York  City 


f,  ,     ,^  159-163 

Consuls  Abroad 674 

Courts. 


....650 


Popular    and 


Courts  in  N.Y.  City.  .!.!!  !750n'p/f'rs.  Registration  of 


Elector;!  I. 

264,270 
.24^ 


W 


"  Customs  Duties 156-1571    "    Qualifications  for 240-241 

"  Daughters  1812,  Socie'tv.. .  .589  Voting  Population  of  U.S 631 

"  District  -Attorneys. ..'....  651 

"  Foreign  Trade 347-349 

"  Forestry  Statistics 234-236 

"  General  Appraisers 797 

"  Oeographic  Board 528 

"  Go  vernmen  t 647-650 

"  GovernmenM'rint'gOflac?371 

"  Industries 202 

"  Insular  Pos.session.s 284-286 

''  InternalRevenueReceipts. 

342- ,344 

"  .Tudfciarv  .  .6.50  Wales,  Populp.tion  of 

i-and  Officps'..'.'..'." .!!!.'..  !!..208iVValking  Records 


Wage-Earners  in  U.  S..  .212-213 

Wage  Table,  Monthly 155 

Wagons  Manufacturers 217 

Wake  Island 285 

..607,615 

481 

Li fe-Saving Service  "  644,797!  War  Dep't  Expenditures 344 

Lighthouse  Establishm't.  .371!     "        "    Othcials 647 

Manufacfnres 212-213j    "    of  1812,  Societies  of. 588 

Marine  Corps 664i     "•    Sppretariesof 276 

Militarv  Academv 652Warsof  U.  S 583 

TVTinistPrs   A  broad. 279- 282. 674  Wards  in  N.  V.  Citv Ixxii 

Nav.il  .Acndemv 652  Warships  ofU.  S..  ." 666.671 

Nnval   Enlistment  and           | Washington's  Farewell  Ad- 
Pay 671-672     d  ress 174-175 


8E£  ADVEKTISIN6  MDEX   ON    PJtGES  XCIX   TO  CHI, 


12 


Ocneral  Index —  Continued. 


PAGE 

Washington  Headquarters 
Ass'n 589 

Washingtou     State     Klection 

Ueturiis 744 

Water  i  ligh,  ViiriousPlaces.l4-J-143. 

"    Polo 46^ 

"•    Suppl.vBnard  N.Y. City.... 748 
Water    Hiinply     Commission, 

N.  Y.  Stale 691 

Wealthiu  U.  8 202rW(i 

Weal  til  of  2s  alio  us 353 

Weather  Bureau,  N. Y. City.. . .797 

"     Flags 13b 

*'    Itnles  for  Foretelling 141 

"    Wisdom     141 

Weigfli  t- Throwing  Records 482 

Wei^ts 149-153 

Weights,  Ancient  Greek   and 

liomaii 153 

Weigh  t  and  Height  of  Women .  148 
West  PointMilitaryAcademy .  .»i52 
W.  Virginia  Flection  ileturns..744 
Western    Surgical    Gynecolo- 
gical ,A  S.S'  n 523 


Page 

Wheat  Statistics 381, 383 

Whiskey,    Production  of 390 

Whistle  Weather  Signals 138 

Wh  ist  Records 4^5 

White  House  Rules 335 

Wills 500 

Winds,  Velocity  ol,  in  V .  S 139 

Wine  Production  of  the  World ,  389 

"    statistics  of 389-390-391 

Winter,  Beginning  of,  1908 105 

Wireless  Telegraphy 513 

Wiscou»in  Flection  Keturns745-746 
Withdrawals     for    Consump- 
tion  342 

Withdrawals  from  Cu stem- 
House .342 

Woman  Sutl'rage 242 

Woman's    Christian   Temper- 
ance Union 574 

"    Relief  Corps. 591 

Women  at  Work  in  U.  S 634 

Women's  Clubs,  Federation...  403 

Wool  Manufacturers 386 

Women's  Patriotic  Societies. .  .588 


PAGE 

Woodland  Area  in  IT.  S. . .  .234- 236 

Woodmen,  Fraternal  Order 506 

Wool,  Statistics  of 383-386 

i  Worlci,statisticsofCountriesof.5.49 
World's  Young  Women's  Chris- 
tian Association 575 

!  Wrestling 463 

Wiirtemberg,  Royal  Family.  ..6u6 
Wyoming  Election  Returns ...  746 


Y 

Yachting  Recobds 454-455 

Yale  Boat  Races 452 

Yeomen  of  America 506 

Young  Men' s  Christ.  Ass'  ns 575 

"    People's  Christ' n  Union.  .574 


Z 


Zinc,  Production  of  .  .375,378-379 
Zoological  Socletj',  New  York.  522 


^ijtna,  J)apan,  J^ijiliiiptnca,  antr  Australia  iHails. 

FiGFPvEsin  parentheses  indicate  nnniDerof  days  in  transit  from  port  of  embarkation. 
The  Post-Office  Department  allows  5  daj's  for  transmission  of  mails  from  New  York  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. Seattle  and  Tacoma,  and  9  days  from  New  York  to  Loudon,  Fug. 

Leave  London,  ?"ng. .  every  Friday  for  Aden  (10).  Bombay  (15).  Colombo  (16).  Singapore  (22-25), 
Hong  Kong  (29-32).  Shanghai  (35 ).  Yokohama  (39-41).  By  Peninsular  and  Oriental  Steam  Navi- 
gation Co.  and  Messageries  Maritimes. 
Leave  San  Francisco,  Cal. .  about  every  7  to  15  days  for  Hong  Kong  (32),  Shanghai  (29),  Yoko- 
hama (19).  By  Pacific  Mail  and  Occidental  and  Oriental  Steamship  lines. 
Leave  Seattle,  Tacoma  or  Victoria,  about  every  7  days  for  Hong  Kong  (32),  Y'okohama  (17),  Shang- 
hai (24). 

AUSTRALIA  MAILS.  —Mails  for  West  Australia  are  all  sent  via  London,  Eng. 

Leave  San  Francisco.  Cal.,  everj'  few  days  for  Honolulu,  Sandwich  Islands  (7) ;  and  every  21  days  for 
Auckland,  New  Zealand  (IS),  Sydney,  New  South  Wales  (22),  Brisbane  (24i. 

Leave  London,  Eng. ,  every  Friday  for  all  parts  of  Australia,  New  Zealand,  Tasmania,  etc. 

PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS,   ETC. 

Mails  for  the  Philippine  Islands  are  sent  by  steamers  from  San  Francisco,  Seattle  or  Tacoma  to  Hong 
Kong 3  or  4  times  a  month,  thence  to  Manila  3  or  4  times  a  wpek;  time  from  Hong  Kong  to 
Manila  about  3  days.  Steamers  leave  San  Francisco  for  Manilla  about  once  a  month,  due  at 
Manila  in  about  2S*davs. 

Mails  for  Samoan  Islands  leave  San  Francisco  every  third  Thursday. 


iFire  iHufiinc  Companies  in  jSrooifelgn  antr  (fliurtns* 


101- 
102- 
103- 
104- 
105- 
106- 
107- 
108- 
109- 
110- 
111- 
112- 
113- 
114- 
115- 
116- 
117- 
118- 
119- 
120- 
121- 
122- 
123- 


/ 


1233  4th  Ave. 

Van  Brunt  St.,  nr.  Seabring. 
Hicks  St. .  near  Degraw  St. 
Degraw  St.,  near  Court  St. 
Pierrepont  St.,  near  Fulton. 
Pearl  St. ,  near  Nassau  St. 
I'earl  St. ,  near  Concord  St. 
Front  St. .  ni-ar  Bridge  St. 
(Jraham  Ave.,  n.  Myrtle  Av. 
Carlton  Ave.,  n.  Myrtle  Ave. 
ClvmerSt.,  nr.  Bedford  Ave. 
Wythe  Ave.,  near  N.  8th  St. 
Pov.ers  St..  n. Manhattan  A  V. 
Herkimer  St.,  nr.  N.  Y.  Ave. 
India  St.,  near  Franklin  St. 
Scholes  St.,  near  Union  Ave. 
De  Kalb  Ave.,  n.  Lewis  .A.ve. 
Hart  St.,  near  C'^ntral  Ave. 
Dean  St..  n.  Vanderbilt  Ave. 
11th  St.,  near  7ih  Ave. 
S.  2d  St..  near  Bedford  Ave. 
QuincvSt.,  n.  Patchen  Ave. 
Fireboat  Seth  Low,  Pier  ft. 
42d  St. 
274  Hicks  St. 

Libertv  Ave.,  n.  Ashford  St. 
State  St.,  near  Nevins  St. 
Herkimer  St.,  n.  Ralph  Ave. 


124 
125 
1-26 
127 
138— 39th  St.,  cor.  5th  Ave 


(Headquarters,  365  Jay  Street,  Brookl 

129— lOngsland  Ave., cor.  Frost. 
130— P^Uery  St.,  near  Marcy  Ave. 
131— Watkins  St.  and  Gleumore 

Ave. 
182- Fireboat  David   A    Boody, 

Pier  ft.  N.  8th  St. 
133— Hull  St. .  near  Broadway. 
134— Bergen  St.,  near  Troy  Ave. 
135— Moiiroe  St.,n.  Nostrand  Av. 
136— Liberty  Ave.,nr.  Market  St. 
137— Morgan  Ave.,  cor.  Grattan. 
138— Norman  Ave.,  nr.  Diamond. 
139-4th  Ave.,  near  6th  St. 
140-Prospect  Av.,  n. Greenwood. 
141— Bav  Ridge  Ave.,  nr.  2d  Ave. 
142 -5th  Ave.,  near92d  St. 
143 -18th  .We.  and  86th  St. 
144-W.  loth  St.,  near  Surf  Ave. 
145— W.  8th  St.,  near  Surf  Ave. 
146— E.  23d  St.,  nr.  Voorhees  A  v. 
147— 60th  St.,n.  New  Utrecht  Ave. 
148— Church  Ave.,  u.  Bedford  A  v. 
149— Rogers  Ave.,  nr.  Midwood. 
150— r..awrence  Ave.,  near  2d  Av. 
151-Wallabout  Market. 
152— Central  Ave.,  n.  Decatur  St. 
153-86th  St.,  near  24th  Ave. 
154— Town  Hall,  Gravesend. 
1.55— Rogers  Ave.,  near  Ave.  F. 


yn.) 

1.56-124  De  Kalb  Ave. 

157— Rockaway  Ave-  and  C^nar- 

sie  R.  R.,  Flatlands. 
158-136  8th  St.,  L.  I.  City. 
159-71  Gale  St.,  L.  I.  City. 
160-687  Vernon  Ave.,  L.  I.  City. 
161-231  Radde  St.,  L.  1.  City. 
162-80  Main  St.,  L.  I.  City. 
163-354  Flushing  Ave.,  L.  I.  City, 
164— Central  Ave.,   near    Cleve- 
land St.,  Far  Rockaway. 
165— Boulevard,    near     Amiiier- 

man  Ave. ,  Arverne. 
166— Grove  St..  near  Boulevard, 

Rockaway. 
167— Boulevard,  near  Henry  St., 

Rockaway. 
168— AVashington  and  BeachAvs., 

Rockvvay  Park. 
169— Union  St.  and  7th  Ave. 
170— Willow  St.,  bet,  Fulton  and 

Hillside   Ave.,    Richmond 

Hill. 
Chemical  Engine  Co.  No,  1,  712 

Driggs  Ave, 
Water  Tower  No.  1,S65  Jay  St. 
Search  Light  No.  3,  St.  Edwards 

and  Bolivar  Sts, 


SEE    CLASSIFIED   ADVERTISING   ON    PAGES   »59    TO  MS, 


N'oteworthy  Artietes  in  Preceding  T7)lumes  of  World  Ahnayiac.    13 


KuTrrx 


OF  NOTEWORTHY  ARTICLES 


ABTICLK3.  Voluillr.    PilSfi'. 

Actoi's,  Heal  and  Professional  Names. .  .IHOo.  .268 

Alaska  Boundary  Award .19U4.  .148 

Alcoholic  Drinks,  i'onsuiapt,iuu  of 1890. ..108 

Alien  Landholdei-s  i-i  the  United  8tates..l888  ..  HO 

Americii,  F'our  Centuries  of 1901. ..106 

American  Millionaires 1W2.  .1:35 

Antidotes  for  Poisons 1004 .  .235 

Arbitration, International  Court  of 1902..   84 

Arbitration  Treaty  with  Great  Britain. ..1898...  87 
Army,  U.  S.  .General  Ollicei-s  WhoHave 

Risen  from  the  lianks 1900.  .409 

Armv,  U.  8.,  Re;^imental  Records 1904. .351 

Australian  Ballot  System 1892...  90 

Australian  Federation I$i01...;^2 

Barse  Canal,  New  York 1904. ..150 

Barthokli  Statue  Described 1887...  24 

Battle  (Calendar  of  the  Republic 1899...  85 

RellTimeon  Shipboard 1902...  27 

Benefactions  in  1  04 1905.  .322 

Benefactions  in  1906 1907.  .247 

Bible  Statistics 1894  ..219 

Boodle  .Vldermeuof  New  York,  List  of. .1888.. .118 

Brj'anfs  Index  Expurgatorius 1907- .318 

Canada,  Bouudarv  Line  Controversy 1902. ..184 

Census,  Eleventh"  U.  S. ,  HowTakeh 1890...  57 

Ceasus, Twelfth  U.S., How  Taken 1900.. 102 

Centuries  Ago 1894...  42 

"    1896...  44 

Chicago,  Information  About 1893. ..423 

Chicago,  Maps  of 1893  ..423 

Chicago,  World's  Fair 1894...  81 

China  Boxer  Rising „ 1902  ..153 

Chinese  Exclusion  Act  of  1892 1894. .106 

Chine.se  Treaty  with  the  U.  S 1895.. 100 

Clearing-Houses  of  World.  Statistics  of..l890  ..  96 

Colleges,  American.  Locations  of 1902. .318 

Columbian  Postage  Stamps   Described. ..1893. ..150 

Columbus  to  Veragua,  Pedigree 1894...  82 

Conemaugh  Flood 1891..    67 

Constitutions,  state 1902. ..156 

Constitutional  Amendments,  Pronosed  .1890.     78 

Counterleits,  Dangerous 1890.. .136 

Cuban  Reciprocity  Treatv 1904. .146 

Cuba,  Intervention  in  1906 1907. .136 

Cyclones,  Statistics  for  87  Years 1889...  24 

Czar's  Universal  Peace  Propo.sal 1899.. .K^ 

Dispensarj' Liquor  Law  of  S.  Carolina. .1894.. .108 

Earth.  Figure  of  the 1902...  50 

Earthquakes,  Their  Cause  and  Result...  1907. .   6.> 

Electricity,  Death  Penalty  by 1889.. .114 

Faribault  Svstem  of  Education 1S93...185 

Fecundity,  Statistics  of 1895.  .231 

Floriculture  in  the  United  States 1892.. .140 

Generals  of  theU.  8.  Armv  Since  1776. ..1902.. .410 

Gold  Standard  Act  of  1900 1901...  91 

Governors  of  States  Since  the  Adoption 

of  Their  Constitutions 1906.. 120 

Harvest  Moon 1902...  49 

Hawaii.  .Joint  Resolution  Annexing 1899...  96 

Hundred  Best  Books,  Lubbock 1895.  .247 

In  Darkest  England 1891. ..189 

Income  Tax  of  1894 1895..   92 

Influence  of  the  Moon  on  the  Weather...  1898...  .52 

Inheritance.  Law  of 1903  .229 

Inter-Continental  Railway... 1907 

Inter- Parliamentary  Union  of  1906 1907 

International  Marine  Conference 1890 

Isthmian  Canal  .\ct 1903 

Italian  Art  Exposition 1902 

Jamestown    P^xposition 1907 

Labor  Movement  in  U.  S.,  Chronology  of.  1892 

Labor  Strikes,  Tabular  History  of 18.-»5.. 

Land  Areas  in  the  U.  S.  and  Europe 1890.. 

Landowners,  Alien,  Number  of,  in  the 

United  States 1888..   90 

Legislative  Assemblies  of  the  World. .  .1906.  .372 
Lewis  and  Clark  Centennial  Exposition.ir>05. .   12 

Literary  P.seudonvms 1904.  .292 

Luminiferous  Etlier.  The 1904...  52 

Marine  Conference,  International ISOO...  56 


.  84 

.298 
59 
59 

.135 


157 

.246 

.126 

142 

60 

.135 

98 

.141 


OR  PARAGRAPHS  IN  PRECEDING  VOLUMES  OF    "THE 
WORLD  ALMANAC." 

Articles.  Volume.  P.ipe. 

Mars.  The  Planet 1902...  i3U 

Masonry,  Degrees  in ...  J.902...324 

Medal  of  Honor.  U.S.  Military,  List  of 

Persons  Awarded 1899. 

Medical  and  Surgical  Progress   in   tlie 

Nineteenth  Century 1901. 

Meteorites 1903.. 

Milky  Way,  The 1903.. 

Millionaries.  The  American 1902. 

Mormons,  The 1897.  .329 

Naval  Guns,  Rtmge  of 1892. ..252 

Naval  Vessels  of  Great  Powers,  Lists  of.  1899.  .344 

Navy,  U,  S. ,  Historic  Vessels  of 1904. ..355 

New' Testament  Chronology 1901...  28 

New  York  City,  Reconstruction  of 1903.. 389 

Nicaragua  Canal  Treaty ~ 1J>02 . 

Novels,  Hundred  Greatest 189.5. 

Panama  Canal,  Acquisition  of 1905. 

Panama,  Treaty  with lt)04. 

Pan- American  Conference  ol  1889 1890.. 

Pan-American  Conference  of  19<X) 1907. 

Peace  L'onlerence  at  The  Hague... 1900 

Pilgrims  of  1620 1904. 

Poisons  and  Their  Antidotes    1904. ..2:35 

Porto  Rico,  Act  for  Civil  Government. ..1901...  93 

Postage  Stamps,  Old,  Pricesof 1893. .1.50 

Prohibition  Party.  Growth  of 1889...  97 

Produce.  Comparative  Pricesof 1890.. .105 

Pseudonj'ms,  Literary 1904.  .292 

Railroad  Facts 1892. ..154 

Railroad  Strike  of  July,  1894 1895..  98 

Railway    Between    North    and    South 

America 1907. .245 

Rifles  Used  bv  Principal  Armies 1902.  .360 

Russian  Dunaa  Called 1906.. 

Russian- Japanese  War.    First  Year 1905 

Russian-Japauf'se  War.    Second  Year.l90ti 

Samoan  Settlement 1900. 

Samoan  Treaty 1901. 

Seismic  Disturbances  of  1902 1903. 

inl903 1904.. 

of  1906 1907.. 

Senators,  U.  S.,  from  1789 1904. 

Silver  Purchase  Repeal  Legislation 1894.. 

Silver  Question 1886...  50 

1888...  68 

Simplified  Spelling  Movement 1907.. 316 

Socialist  Demands 1907.. 119 

Solar  Parallax  and  Sun's  Distance 1905..  54 

South  African  War  and  Map 1900..  94 

South  Carolina  Exposition 1902. ..295 

South  Carolina  Liquor  Law 1894. 

Spain.  Treaty  of  Peace  with 1900. 

Spanish- American  War,  History  of 1899.. 

St.  Mary's  Canal,  Dates  of  Opening  and 

Closing 1891.., 

Stars.  The  Fixed 1900.. 

Sub- Treasury  Scheme  of  the  Farmers' 

Alliance 1892.. 

Sunshine,  Duration  of,  on  U.  S. Territory.!!  01.. 
Sun  Spots, Their  Influence  on  the  Earth. .1901.. 

Telescopes  in  the  U.  S.,  Large 1889. 

Tornadoes,  Statistics  of,  for  87  Years 1900. 

Torpedo  Service  of  the  World 1886. 

Truck  Farming  in  the  United  States„ 1892. ..140 

Utah  CommiKsion,  Report  of_ 1890. .161 

..Veiiezuelan  Boundary  Treaty 1896...  67 

Veto  Power  of  the  Executive  in  All  the 

States 1888. 

Vine  Cultivation  in  the  United  States 1892.. 

Volapiik  1892. 

War  Revenue  Taxes 1902. 

Warships  of  U.  S.  Since  1775 1900.. .356 

Water  Supply  of  American  Cities 1888.. .109 

Wealth  ot  Nations 1890. .114 

Whist.  Laws  of 1897.. .25.3 

World's  Columbian  Exposition 1893...  75 

"  "        1894... 

World's  International  Expositions,  List 

of 1892... 


.245 

.382 

..  56 

1.56 

.293 

.300 

..  93 

90 

96 


.141 

.133 

.1.j6 

96 

92 

.278 

..28 

65 

.116 

.102 


.108 

.  88 
64 

37 
34 

91 

53 

49 

..124 

35 

65 


58 
.140 
.195 

93 


81 

74 


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14 


Occurrences  During  Printing.  15 


(Occurrences  laurins  J^rintinij. 

Some  weeks  are  occupied  in  printing  a  volume  so  bulky  as  Thk  World  Almanac,  and  it  is 
necessarily  put  to  press  in  parts  or  "forms. ' '  Changes  are  in  the  meantime  occurring.  Advantage 
is  talien  of  the  going  to  press  of  the  last  form  of  the  First  Edition  to  insert  information  of  the  latest 
possible  date,  which  is  done  below.  The  readers  of  the  Almanac  are  requested  to  observe  these 
additions,  corrections,  and  changes,  and  it  would  be  well  to  make  note  of  them  on  the  pages 
indicated. 

176.  National  Civic  Federation  officers  were  elected  December  17,1907,  as  follows:  Seth  Low,  Pres- 
ident ;  Victor  Morawetz,  Chairman  of  Finance  Committee ;  Secretary  of  War  William  H.  Taft, 
Chairman  of  Public  Employes'  Welfare  Committee:  D.L.  Cease,  Secretary ;  Samuel  Gompers, 
Vice-President;  Nahum  J.  Batchelder,  Vice-President;  Ellison  A.  Smjth,  Vice-President; 
Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler,  Vice-President;  Isaac  N.  Seligmau,  Treasurer;  John  JMitchell,  Chair- 
man Trade  Agreement  Committee;  Melville  E.  Ingalls,  (.'hairniau  Public  Ownership  Com- 
mission; Se til  Low,  Chairman  of  Conciliation  Committee;  Nicholas  Murray  Butler,  Chairman 
Industrial  Economic  Department;  Franklin  MacVeagh,  Chairman  Immigration  Department; 
Charles  A.  Moore,  Chairman  Welfare  Department;  Balph  M.  Easlej-,  Chairman  Executive 
Council,  New  York  City. 

178.  American  Federation  of  Labor:  At  the  Annual  Convention  at  Norfolk, Va.,  November  11, 
Samuel  Gompers  was  re-elected  presi'lent.  The  reports  of  Secretary  Morrison,  showing  a 
present  paid  membership  of  1,538,970,  and  Treasui'er  Lennon,  showing  total  funds  to  be 
$127,910,  were  received. 

181.  Knights  of  Labor  in  convention  at  Washington,  D.  C. ,  elected  the  following  officers:  Simon 
Burns  of  Pittsburgh,  general  master  workman;  P.  FT.  Farrell  of  New  York  City,  general 
worthy  foreman ;  J.  Frank  O'Meara,  of  Washington,  general  secretary-treasurer. 

232.  A  commercial  treaty,  under  the  terms  of  which  British  objects  of  art  will  be  admitted  to  the 
United  States  at  a  reduction  of  25  per  cent,  on  the  present  duty,  was  signed  November  30  by 
Ambassador  Beid  and  Sir  Edward  Grey,  the  Foi'eign  Socielary.  In  return,  American 
travelling  salesmen  will  have  their  samples  admitted  free  at  British  ports.  In  future,  the 
duty  on  British  works  of  art  entering  A  mericaii  ports  will  be  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

232.  Additional  list  of  Reciprocity  treaties— Argentine  Republic,  took  etfect  April  9,1855.  Bolivia, 
took  etfect  Jauuarv  8,  1863.  China,  took  efltect  January  13,1904.  Costa  Kica,  took  effect  May 
26,1852.  Haiti,  took  effect  Jul v  6.  1865.  Japan,  took  effect  March  21,  1895.  Liberia,  took 
effect  March  18, 1863.  Paraguay .  took  effect  March  12, 1860.  Servia,  took  effect  December  27, 
1882.    All  the  above  treaties  are  still  in  force. 

239.  The  Republican  National  Committee  at  Washington,  December  7,  chose  Chicago  as  the  place 
of  meeting  of  the  National  Convention,  and  June  16,  1908, as  the  lime.  The  vote  stood, 
Chicago,  3l:  Kansas  Citi*.  18;  Denver,  4,  after  which  it  was  made  unanimous. 

239.    The  Democratic  National  Committee  at  Uashington,  December  12,  chose  Denver  as  the  place 


of  the  meeting  of  the  National  Convention,  and'July  7  as  the  time. 
Socialist  Party  National  Committee— Thai 


245.  Socialist  Party  National  Committee— Thatlast  elected  is  composed  as  follows:  Victor  L.  Berger, 
344  Sixth  Street,  Milwaukee,  Wis.;  Ben  Hanford,  Leesburg,  Fla.;  Morris  Hillquit,  320 
Broadway.  New  York,  N.  Y. :  J.  M.  Patterson,  Chicago  Athletic  Club,  Chicago,  111.;  A.  M. 
Simons,  182  Wasliiiigton  Street.  Chicago,  111.;  Ernest  ITiitermann,  Box  97,  Graugeville, 
Idaho;  JohiiM.  Work,  1313  Harrison  Street,  Des  Moines,  la. 

294.  A  census  of  Cuba,  the  result  of  which  was  announced  December  17,  1907,  showed  the  total 
population  of  the  island  to  be  2,028,282,  divided  as  follows  among  the  provinces:  Pinar  del 
Rio,  240,781;  Havana,  518.524;  Matanzas,  289,866;  Santa  (lara,  457,897;  Camaguey, 
117,432;  Oriente,  453,782.  The  increase  for  the  whole  island  is  29  per  cent,  since  the  Census 
of  1899. 

296.  The  British  turbine  torpedo  boat  destroyer  Tartar  on  December  17  broke  all  records  in  fast 
steaming,  in  her  final  trial  over  the  official  course,  attaining  a  speed  of  37. 037  knots.  She  also 
established  a  new  record  for  a  six  hours'  trial,  covering  233  miles  in  that  time  and  maintaining 
the  unprecedented  speed  of  35.363  knots.     The  contract  calls  for  33  knots. 

326.  Another  grandson  was  born  to  John  D.  Rockefeller  November  29,  1907,  the  mother  being 
hisdaugliter,  Mrs.  E.  Parmalee  Prentice. 

367.  Standard  Oil:  Stock  outstanding,  $98,338,382;  rate  percent.,  last  dividend,  10,  November 
26,  1907;  highest  and  lowest  quotations  1907,  564-390. 

458.  Automobile  Records:  8.  F.  Edge,  on  the  Brooklands  automobile  race  track  at  Weybridge, 
England,  December  10,  travelled  1,581  miles  and  1.310  yards  in  24  hours  in  a  60-horse  power 
car.  He  broke  the  world's  one-hour  record  with  76  miles  and  453 jyards,  and  the  two-hour 
record  with  151  miles,  146  yards. 

512.  Benefactions:  On  December  10  Andrew  Carnegie  added  the  sum  of  $2,000,000  to  the 
$10,000,000  endowment  fund  of  the  Carnegie  Institution. 

558.  College  Fraternities:  The  SigmaPi  Fraternity  of  the  United  States  was  founded  at  William 
and  Mary  College  in  1752.  The  membership  is  now  355,  with  live  active  and  five  inactive 
chapters.  William  Jennings  Bryan  is  a  graduate  member,  as  is  former  Governor  Richard 
Yates,  of  Illinois.  The  president  is  Robert  G.  Patterson,  of  Chicago, and  the  secretary  Frank 
Hollyday,  of  Easton,  Md. 

558.  College  Fraternities:  The  legal  fraternity  of  Phi  Delta  Phi  was  the  first  professional  fraternity 
organized.  It  was  founded  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  in  1869,  and  has 
now  35  chapters  of  8,000  members.  The  Secretary-Treasurer  is  George  A,  Katzenberger, 
•Greenville,  Ohio.  At  the  tenth  convention  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  last  May,  charters  were 
granted  for  new  chanters  at  Vandeibilt  Univereity,  University  of  Colorado,  Brooklyn  Law 
School  and  the  University  of  Southern  California.  The  professional  fraternities  now  number 
52,  with  a  membership  exceeding  37,000.  They  are  located  in  both  technical  and  professional 
schools.  With  the  exception  of  Theta  Xi,  members  of  professional  fraternities  may  also  belong 
to  the  general  college  fraternities. 

576.  Baptist  Young  People's  Union  of  America:  Officers  elected  in  1907:  President,  Rev.  E.  Y. 
MuUins,  D.D. , Louisville,  Ky. ;  General  Secretary,  Rev.  George  T.  Webb,  324  Dearborn  Street, 
Chicago,  111. 

586.  Army  and  Navy  Union  of  the  U.  S.  A. :  Officers  of  National  Corps:  National  Commander,  J. 
Edwin  Brown.  Baltimore,  Md. ;  Adjutant  General,  E.  J.  Bonner,  42  Knickerbocker  Building, 
Baltimore,  Md. 

( Continued  on  next  page. ) 


16 


The    United  States  battleship   Fleet. 


OCCURRENCES    DURING    PRINTING— Co?i<mM€fZ. 


591. 


601. 


Naval  and  Military  Orler  of  Spanish-American  War  Veterans:  National  Commandery,Capt. 

Taylor  E.  Brown  has  been  elected  Commander-in-Chief ;  Major  Frank  Keck,  78  Broad'Street, 

New  York  City,  Recorder-in-Cliief. 
Heads  of  Governments:    Dr.  Ernest  Brenner  was  elected  President  of  Switzerland,  December 

12,  by  the  Federal  Assembly. 
601,606.    Khig  Oscar  II.  of  Sweden  died  Decembers,  and  his  oldest  son  succeeded  him  as  Gustave  V. 
622.    Population  of  largest  cities:  A  population  of  1,00,000  is  claimed  for  Shanghai  and  suburbs, 

practically  one  city.      A  late  .Japanese  censns  makes  the  population  of  Tokio  2.085,160; 

Osaka,  1,117,151;  Kobe,  345,952;  Naerasaki,  169  941. 
684.    The  Oklahoma  Senators    drew  lots  December  17,   1907.     Thomas  P.   Gore  drew  the  term 

expiring  March  3,1909;  Robert  L.  Owens  drew  that  expiring  March  3,  1913. 
694.    Judiciary  of  New  York:    Governor  Hughes  appointed  Abel  E.    Blackmar  a  Justioe  of  the 

New  York  Supreme  Court. 
727.    Elections,  New  York  State:  The  official  canvass  of  votes  cast  in  1907  '"or  and  against  proposed 

Amendments  to  the  State  Constitution,  shows  both  were  carried.    The  vote:  jSTo.  One,  for, 

352,905;  against,  137, 721.    No.  Two,  for,  309,159;  against,  123,919. 

^f)c  Slnitetf  States  i5attUs!)ip  ^XnXy 


WHICH  DEPARTED  FOR  THE  PAC 

THE  FLEET  FORMATION. 

(Rear- Admiral  Robley  D.  Evans,  Commanding.) 

First  Division,  Fii'st  Squadron. 

Connecticut Capt.  H.  W.  Osterhaus 

(Flagship  of  Rear- Admiral  Evans.) 

Kansas Capt.  Charles  E.  \'ri  eland 

"Vermont Capt.  William  P.  Potter 

Louisiana Capt.  Richard  Wainwright 

Second  Division,  First  Squad7on. 

Georgia Capt .  Henry  McCrea 

(Flagship  of  Rear- Admiral  William  H.  Emory.) 

New.lersey Capt.  Wm.H.  H.  Southerland 

Rliode  Island Capt.  J.  B.  Murdock 

Virginia Capt.  Seaton  Schroeder 

Third  Division,  Second  Squad7'07i. 

Minnesota Capt.  John  Hubbard 

(Flagship  of  Rear-Admiral  Charles  M.  Thomas. ) 

Ohio Capt.  Charles  \V.  Bartlett 

Missouri , Capt.  G.  A.  Merriam 

Maine Capt.  Gil es  B.  Harber 


FIC    COAST    DECEMBER    16,    1907. 

THE    FLEET'S    ITINERARY. 


POBT. 


Hampton  Roads. 

Trinidad 

Riode  Taneiro  ... 
Punta  Arenas.... 

(,'allao 

*Magdalena  Bay. 
*San  Francisco... 


Arrival. 


Dec.  24,1907 
Jan. 11, 1908 
Jan.  31,1908 
Feb.18.1908 
Mar.l4  1908 
Proiiably  Ma 


Departure. 

Dec.  16, 1907 
Dec.  29, 1907 
Jan.  21, 1908 
Feb.  5,1908 
Feb.  28, 1903 

y  1,1908." 


Fourth  Division,  Second  Squadron. 
Alibama. Capt.  Ten  F.yck  D.  W 


Veeder 


(  Flagship  of  Rear- A"dmiral  Charles  S.  Sperrv.) 

Illinois Lap t.  John  M.  Bowver 

Kearsarge Capt.  Hamilton  Hntchins 

Kentucky Capt.  WalterC.  Cowles 

Tlie  Auxiliary  Division. 

Glacier,  sup.  ship Com.  W.  S.  Hogg 

Culsjoa,  sup.  ship Com.  J.  B.  Patton 

Panther,  rep.  ship Com*  V.  S.  Nelson 

Yankton,  tender Lt.  W.  R.  Gherardi 

Torpedo- Boat  Flotilla. 

Whipple Lieut.  Hutch  I.  Cone 

(Commanding  flotilla.) 

Hopknis Lieut.  Alfred  G.  Howe 

Hull Lieut.  Frank  IVIcCommons 

Stewart Lieut.  Julius  F.  Hellweg 

Truxton Lieut.  Charles  S.  Kerrick 

Lawrence Ensign  Ernest  Friedrick 

Recapitulation  qf  Fleet. 

Number  of  battleships.. 16 

Number  of  torpedo-boats 6 

Niunherof auxiliaries '."   '     4 

Total  number  of  men  in  crews '. !."  15  000 

Length  of  cruise 13,772  miles 

Duration  of  voyage 135  days 


*The  exact  liate  of  departure  from  Magdalena  Bay  and  ut 
arrival  at  San  Fianclsco  are  unknown,  as  tli-^y  depe:id  iipou 
the  completion  of  target  practice  iu  Magdaleua  Buy, 

THE    FLOTILLA'S    ITINERARY. 


Poet. 


Hampton  Roads. . 

San  Juan 

Trinidad , 

Para 

Pernambnco 

Riode  Janeiro  ... 

Montevideo 

Punta  Arenas 

Talcahuano 

CaUao 

Panama 

Acapulco 

JNIagdalena  Bay. . 
San  Francisco 


Arrivals. 


Dec.  7,1907 
Dec.  15, 1907 
Dec.26.1907 
Jan.  5,19(i8 
J  an.  15, 1908 
Jan.  25, 1 90S 
Feb.  8.1908 
Feb.  20, 1908 
]N[ar.  4.1908 
Mar.16,1908 
Mar.  28, 1908 
Apr,  6,1908 
Probably  Ma 


Departure. 


Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Mar 
Mar 
Apr. 


2.  !907 
12,1907 
21,1907 

31. 1907 
lO.U-03 
20,1908 

1.19U8 

12. 1908 
25, 1908 
.  9, 1908 
,11,1908 

2,1908 


yl,  1008. 


130,000ton«? 
..$1,300,000 
300,000  lbs. 
.OuO.OOOlb.s. 
4  0,000 lbs. 
2P0,0001bs. 
200.000  lbs. 
150.0U0)bs. 

76, 000  lbs. 

90.0t01bs. 

85 .000  lbs. 

700. 000  lbs, 

ISO  000 lbs. 

lOO.OOOIb.s, 

3, 000  lbs. 

24,000  doz, 
446,000  lbs, 

95.000  lbs, 

95,000  lbs, 

6.5, 000  lbs. 

12,000  lbs, 

rr^^Jf^.^.L^^  benefit  of  the  friends  and  relatives  of  the  sailors  on  the  bfittleship  fleet,  the  Navy  Departs 
^^  k2  .  '55''^'^^*^^"°^^"'^-'^^'^'^"^*'l«i^"**r<i««tined  for  the  15,000  men  afloat  in  the  big  ships 
^hPn*  m?,?  K^  domestic  rates  of  postage  So  no  matter  what  part  of  South  America  Admiral  Evan's 
Ar,?f.!^f J  .  '  ^'/®  ^^'^'lors'  letters  will  be  delivered  to  them  if  they  bear  tbQ  ordinary  two-cent 
American  «Lamp  for  each  ounce.  ^  y  -^ 

411  luftii  matter  for  tbe  fleet  gbouia  be  addressed  car^  of  Postmaster,  New  Yori, 


FLEET    SUPPLIES. 

Coal 

Cost  of  coal 

Fruits  (dried  and  pres'd) 

Beef  (fresh  and  tinned)  1 

Ham 

Tinned  meats  (other  than  beef) 

Salt  pork 

Sausage  

Fowl 

Mutton 

Lard „ 

Potatoes 

Butter 

Coflee 

Tea 


Fresh  eggs 

Tinned  vegetables.. 

Onions 

Rice 

Soap 

Tobacco 


THE  AMERICAN   "VINE-LAND." 

An  Interesting  Story  of  tbe  Vine  and  Wine  m  the  Different  States  of  the 
Union — The  Growing  Demand  for  Light  Wines  in  This  Country. 


LONG  before  Columbus  made  his  first  voyage,  in  1492,  Che  bold  and  venture- 
some Norsemen  visited  our  Atlantic  shores.  They  found  the  Wild  vines  and 
grapes  growing  in  such  luxuriance  and  profusion  that  they  named  the 
country  "Vine-land."  What  a  long  stretch  from  OM  Vineland  to  New  Vaneland, 
with  its  hundreds  of  thousands  of  acres  of  cultivated  vines! 

The  history  of  grape  and  wine  growing  in  the  United  States  is  a  long  story  of 
struggles  and  failures.  It  begins  with  the  attempts  of  the  Colonists  to  plant  a 
few  vines  in  Virginia  in  1610,  three  years  after  the  settlement  of  Jamesto-v/n.  It 
continues  down  to  the  year  1857,  when  grape  and  wine  growing  was-  first  made  a 
comm.ercial  success  by  Hon.  Nicholas  Longworth  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Thus,  the 
American  grape  and  wine  industry  is  but  fifty  years  old.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  its 
greatest  progress  has  all  taken  place  in  the  last  tw^enty  or  twenty-five  years. 

The  American  "Vine-land"  now  comprises  about  350,000  acres  of  vineyards. 
The  State  of  California  leads  with  a  total  of  230,000  acres  planted  to  grapes. 
New  York  State  is  next  with  about  60,000  acres  of  viney£irds.  0.hio  follows  with 
about  10,000  acres.  Michigan  and  Missouri  each  lias  about  6,000  or  8,000  acres  of 
vines.  In  fact,  grapes  are  grown  and  wines  are  made  in  more-  than  one-half  of 
the  States  in  the  Union.  The  capital  invested  in  our  vineyards,  wine  cellars  and 
plants,  machinery  and  warehouses,  stocks  of  wines,  etc.,  giving  employment  to 
thousands  of  farmers  and  workmen,  is  put  at  $100,000,000. 

With  the  immense  production  of  grapes  has  come  the  large  increase  in  the 
use  and  consumption  of  light  wines  in  this  country.  For  many  years  our  people 
drank  largely  of  foreign  wines,  'but  now  they  consume  our  good  American  wines. 
The  importations  of  foreign  wines  are  about  the  same  as  they  were  twenty  years 
ago;  that  is  to  say,  in  1907  some  5>00O,00O  gallons  of  wine  were  imported  into  the 
United  States,  v/hich  is  just  about  the  quantity  of  wine  imported  in  1887.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  output  of  American  wines  in  1&07  was  about  50,000,000  gallons-  so 
that  about  ten  times  as  much  wine  is  produced  and  consumed  in  this  country  as 
there  is  of  foreign  wines. 

THE    SUPERIOR   QUALITIES   OP  AMERICAN   WINES. 

There  is  every  reason  wliy  our  wines  should  be  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any 
in  the  world.  We  have  in  the  United  States  the  choicest  varieties  of  grapes, 
almost  every  kind  of  soil  and  climate,  American  capital  and  enterprise,  and  the 
most  intelligent  labor  in  the  world.  France,  Italy,  Spain  and  Germany  have  no 
monopoly  of  sunshine;  soil  or  climate  for  grape  culture,  nor  any  secret  in  making 
good  wines  not  known  to  our  people  here. 

All  the  varieties  of  grapes  producing  wines  in  France,  Italy,  Spain  and  Ger- 
many are  growing  to-day  in  the  vineyards  of  the  United  States.  In  addition,  we 
have  many  native  varieties  of  grapes,  such  as  the  Concord,  Delaware  and 
Catawba,  which  are  not  found  in  Europe.  It  is  no  wonder,  then,  that  our  wine 
makers  can  and  do  produce  wines  that  rival  the  vintages  of  the  Old  World, 
I  All  of  the  well-known  "types"  of  wines  produced  in  Europe  are  obtained  in 
I  this  country.  The  vineyard  districts  of  France,  Italy,  Spain  and  Germany  now 
have  their  counterparts  in  the  vineyard  districts  of  Virginia,  New  Jersey,  New 
York,  Ohio,  Missouri  and  California.  Thus  the  French  Clarets  can  be  duplicated 
bv  the  American  Clarets;  the  Italian  Chianti  by  the  American  Chianti.  The  dry 
white  wines  of  western  New  York,  of  northern  Ohio  and  of  the  California  foot- 
hills  resemble    the    German    wines    of    the    Rhine    and   Mos'elle.    The    Champagne 

„„.  16— A 


district  of  France  finds  its  counterpart  in  tlie  Lake  Keuka  region  of  New  York, 
which  has  become  the  Champagne  district  of  the  United  States.  Tiae  Port  wines 
from  California  and  our  Eastern  States  leave  little  to  be  desired  in  comparison 
with  the  wines  from  the  Alto  Duoro.  The  Sherries  from  s'outhern  California  and 
the  interior  valleys  of  that  State  closely  resemt)le  the  Spanish  product.  The 
result  is  that  t'he  superior  cjualities  of  oiur  many  American  wines  are  becoming 
more  and  more  appreciated,  while,  on  account  of  their  known  purity,  'they  are 
preferred  to  the  imported. 

THE   HEAL.THFULNESS   OF   PURE   WINES. 

The  fruit  of  the  vine  is  one  of  the  most  perfect  products  oif  the  soil.  Its  ex- 
cellence is  equally  conspicuous,  whether  we  consider  its  delicious  flavor  or  the 
numerous  uses  to  which  it  may  be  applied,  whether  as  a  beverage  or  as  a  tonic. 
The  juice  of  the  grape  contains  albuminous  matter  to  nourish  tlie  brain,  muscles 
and  nerves,  sugar  to  warm  the  body,  and  organic  salts  for  the  bones  and  tendons. 

Give  a  chemist  a  bottle  of  pure,  dry  wine  and  have  him  analyze  it  for  its 
properties;  .he  will  report  from  85  to  90  per  cent,  water,  balance  alcohol,  fruit 
acids,  and  organic  salts.  The  water  in  wine  has  been  called  "distilled  sunshine," 
while  the  wine  acids,  such  as  tartonic,  pectic,  succinic  and  tannio,  not  only  pro- 
mote the  flow  of  saliva  and  the  gastric  juices,  but  also  aid  in  converting  in  sugar 
the  starchy  matters  of  food. 

The  fermented  juice  of  the  grape  thus  furnishes  a  blood-purifying  and  nourish- 
ing beverage,  which  enables  man  to  enjoy  good  health  and  digestion.  In  the 
wine-drinking  countries  of  Europe  the  people  do  noit  suffer,  as  we  do,  from  in- 
digestion, or  dyspepsia,  and  other  troubles  due  to  overeating  and  overdrinking. 
The  mild  acids  of  the  wine  promote  the  normal  action  of  the  digestive  organs, 
while  the  small  amount  of  alcohol  acts  as  a  tonic  to  the  whole  system. 

WINE    AS    FOOD    AND    TONIC. 

While  water,  tea  and  coffee  will  quench  the  thirst,  they  are  neither  a  tonic 
nor  a  food,  but  wine  is  both.  And  this  fact  should  always  be  remen^bered  that 
wine — the  fermented  juice  of  the  grape— is  a  natural  tonic  and  a  simple,  pure, 
non-intoxicating  food. 

The  advice  of  th-e  Apostle  Paul  to  "take  a  little  wine  for  your  stomach's 
sake''  is  a  recognition  of  the  food  value  and  health-giving  qualities  of  pure  wine. 
The  most  eminent  authorities  in  medicine  and  therapeutics  give  the  same  advice 
as  to  wines. 

Dr.  J.  Starke,  a  German  scientist,  in  his  book  on  "Alcohol,"  published  in  1907, 
says:  "From  the  earliest  childhood  to  the  most  advanced  years,  there  is  hardly 
a  period  of  life  in  which  wine  is  not  ordered  with  the  best  results.  Only  there  is 
this  difference,  that  in  childhood  alcohol  is  given  purely  as  a  medicine,  while  in 
adult  life  it  is  used  partly  as  such  and  partly  as  a  dietetic  agent,  to  be  used  more 
and  more  as  a  beverage  and  as  a  nutrient." 

In  his  book,  just  issued,  on  "Foods  and  Their  Adulterations,"  Dr.  H.  W, 
Wiley,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry,  United  States  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, thus  refers  to  the  subject:  "Food  ahso  includes  those  bodies  of  a  liquid 
character  which  are  classed  as  beverages  rather  than  as  foods.  All  these  bodies 
liave  nutritive  properties,  although  their  chief  value  is  condimental  and  social." 
And  this  leads  us  to  consider  the  use  of  wines  as  one  of  the  social  features  of  a 

well-ordered  meal. 

THE    PROPER    USES    OF    WINES. 

The  large  increase  in  the  consumption  of  wines  in  this  country  is  due  to  tlie 
habit  of  using  them  at  our  meals.  Many  of  our  people  have  adopted  the  sensible 
European  custom  of  drinking  light  wines  only  at  the  family  table. 

Wines  are  not  intended  to  be  used  to  intoxicate,  but  to  be  taken  with  food, 
and  in  the  same  manner  as  food— that  is,  temperately.  When  a  man  wants  a 
stimulant,  he  does  not  want  a  light  wine,  and  therefore  he  takes  whiskey  or  some 
other  strong  drink.  On  the  other  hand,  people  who  habitually  drink  wines  seldom 
crave  for  spirituous  liquors.    This  is  abundantly  proved  by  the  people  of  the  wine- 

IG— B 


drinking  countries  of  Europe.  In  France,  for  example,  wnere  the  total  consunip- 
tion  of  wines  is  34  gallons  of  wine  a  year  for  every  man,  woman  and  child,  ihe 
ptr  capita  consumption  of  alcoholic  liquors  is  only  S^-^  gallons.  In  Italy  the  con- 
sumption of  wine  is  :;i'  gallons  per  capita  per  year,  wliile  the  per  capita  consump- 
tion of  all  alcohciic  liquors   is   only   one-half  gallon. 

THE  MORE  WINE,  THE  LESS  STRONG  DRINK. 

The  recent  reports  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  show  that  the 
consumption  of  beer  and  light  wines  is  increasing,  while  the  use  of  ardent  spirits 
is  declining  in  this  country.  "It  would  seem,"  said  an  official  of  this  Department, 
"that  the  American  people  are  becoming  more  temperate  by  the  growing  demand 
for  beer,  light  wines,  and  mild  drinks." 

Tlie  increased  use  of  our  good,  pure,  native  wines  should  be  encouraged  as 
conducing  to  temperance.  Already  leading  advocates  of  temperance  are  waking 
up  to  the  fact  that  there  is  an  almost  universal  desire  among  all  people  for  some 
kind  of  stimulating  beverage,  whether  it  be  tea,  coffee  or  light  wines.  To  eradi- 
cate the  desire  is  impossible;  to  prohibit  the  use  of  such  beverages  is  imprac- 
ticable. Therefore  temperance  is  best  promoted  by  providing  people  with  a 
beverage  which  is  cheap,  pleasant  to  the  taste,  and  harmless  unless  used  to 
excess.  Such  a  beverage  is  .light  wine.  It  is  the  pure  juice  of  the  grape,  with 
certain  properties  wiiich  act  as  a  tonic.  It  is  palatable  and  refreshing,  and  con- 
tains only  from  8  to  10  per  cent,  of  alcohol,  which  can  be  reduced  by  the  addition 
of  water. 

In  the  interests  of  temperance,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  American  people 
will  become  educated  to  the  proper  use  of  this  healthful  beverage — wine— at  their 
meals.  Then  wine  would  take  the  place  of  strong  liquors,  and  the  American  peo- 
ple would  become  the  most  temperate  people  in  the  world.  In  the  wine-growing 
countries  of  Europe,  where  people,  w^omen  as  well  as  men,  drink  wine  like  water, 
the  use  of  spirituous  liquors  and  alcoholism  is  little  known.  The  temperance 
movement  in  those  countries  is  not  directed  against  wine,  but  only  against  ardent 
liquors,  such  as  brandy  and  cordials.  In  fact,  tlie  governments  of  France,  Italy 
and  Spain  recognize  so  well  the  fact  that  wine-drinking  is  to  be  encouraged  that 
they  favor  wines  in  their  laws. 

That  great  President,  Thomas  Jefferson,  when  an  attempt  was  made  to  place 
a  high  tax  on  wine,  wrote:  "I  rejoice  as  a  moralist  at  the  prospect  of  a  reduction 
of  duties  on  wine  by  our  National  Legislature.  .  .  .  NO  NATION  .  IS 
DRUNKEN  WHERE  WINE  IS  CHEAP,  AND  NONE  SOBER  WHERE  DEAR- 
NESS  OF  WINE  SUBSTITUTES  ARDENT  SPIRITS  AS  ITS  COMMON  BEV- 
ERAGE." 

WINE   AS   THE    NATIONAL    DRINK. 

There  is  an  old  and  very  true  saying  that  "We  are  largely  what  we  eat  and 
drink."  As  with  the  individual,  so  it  is  with  the  nation.  "Tell  me  what  is  the 
every-day  food  and  drink  of  a  nation,"  says  the  historian,  "and  I  will  tell  you 
what  its  character  and  standing  ai-e  in   civilization." 

Tlius,  the  most  civilized  people  have  tlie  best  foods,  and  they  also  have  the 
best  drink,  which  is  wine.  That  wine  is  the  "best  drink"  for  the  individual 
and  the  nation  may  be  seen  by  comparing  it  witli  other  national  drinks,  such  as 
tea,  coffee  and  strong  liquors.  Compare,  if  you  please,  two  svich  countries  as 
China  and  France — one  the  largest  consumer  of  tea,  the  other  the  largest  con- 
sumer of  wine.  Y/ho  are  the  happy,  liglit-hearted,  thrifty  people  in  the  world, 
and  who  are  the  heavy,  sombre  and  dull-witted  ?  Do  not  the  former  live  in  the 
wine-growing  countries  of  Europe,  where  every  man,  woman  and  child  drinks 
wine  freely  three  times  a  day  at  their  meals?  The  millions  of  French  and  Italian 
peasants,  with  their  simple  meal  of  bread,  or  maccaroni  and  cheese,  and  a  flagon 
rf  wine,  are  as  happy  and  contented  as  the  majority  of  the  better  fed  and  better 
diessed  workmen  of  our  own  land.  Why  not  combine  the  prosperity  of  one  with 
the  contentment  of  the  other?  Why  not  make  wine  our  national  beverage,  and 
use  it  as  it  should  be  used— namely,  at  the  table  with  our  meals? 

16— C 


L. 


The  following  are  the  officers  of  the  associatiion:  President,  Edward  R.  Emer- 
son, Washington-ville,  N.  Y. ;  First  Vice-President,  Percy  T.  Morgan,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. ;  Second  Vice-President,  F.  N.  Randall,  Ripley,  N.  Y.;  Treasurer, 
James  Neel,  Urbana,  N.  Y. ;  Secretary,  Lee  J.  Vance,  New  York.  Office,  No.  245 
Broadway,   New  York   City.       

BRANDS VILLE  FRUIT  FARM  COMPANY Brandsville,  Mo. 

BROTHERHOOD  WINE  COMPANY Washingtonville,  N.  Y. 

CALIFORNIA  WINE  ASSOCIATION San  Francis-^,  Cal. 

CALIFORNIA  WINERY Sacramento,   Cal. 

CHARLES  STERN  &  SONS Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

COLUMBIA  WINE  COMPANY Hammondsport,  N.  Y. 

CONSOLIDATED  CALIFORNIA  VINEYARD  COMPANY..San  Francisco,  Cal. 

C.  SCHILLING  &  CO San  Francisco,  Cal. 

FREIDELL   WINERY Hammondsport,  N.  Y. 

FRENCH-AMERICAN  WINE  COMPANY Healdsburg,  Cal. 

GARRETT  &   CO Norfolk,  Va. 

GERMANIA  WINE  CELLARS Hammondsport,  N.  Y. 

G.  E.  RYCKMAN  WINE  COMPANY Brocton,  N.  Y. 

GRIMSHAW  BROS North  East,  Pa. 

GUNDLACH-BUNDSCHU  WINE  COMPANY San  Francisco,  Cal. 

H.  T.  DEWEY  &  SONS  COMPANY Egg  Harbor,  N.  J. 

HAMMONDSPORT  WINE  COMPANY Hammondsport,  N.  T. 

ITALIAN-SWISS  COLONY Asti,  Cal. 

ITALIAN  VINEYARD  COMPANY Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

LACHMAN  &  JACOBI San  Francisco,  Cal. 

LAKE  VIEW  WINE  COMPANY North  East,  Pa. 

LAKE  A^EW  WINE  COMPANY..;.'.V. Hammondsport,  N.  Y. 

LENK  WINE  COMPANY Toledo,  O. 

L.  N.  RENAULT  &  SONS Egg  Harbor,  N.  J. 

L.  R.  M'CORN Hammondsport,  N.  T. 

LOUIS  PEIRANO New  York,  N.  Y. 

MONTICELLO  WINE  COMPANY Charlottesville,  Va. 

M.  A.  EISEMAN  &  CO Woodland,  Cal, 

NAPLES  VALLEY  WINE  CELLARS Naples,  N.  Y. 

PLEASANT  VALLEY  WINE  COMPANY Rheimg,  N.  Y. 

P.ANDALL  GRAPE  JUICE  COMPANY Ripley,  N.  Y. 

ROUALET  WINE  COMPANY Hammondsport,  N.  Y. 

SIERRA  M ADRE  VINTAGE  COMPANY Lamanda,   Cal. 

SOL.  BEAR  &  CO Wilmington,  N.  C. 

SONOMA  WINE  AND  BRANDY  COMPANY Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

ST.  GEORGE  VINEYARD Maltermoro,  Cal. 

TAYLOR  WINERY Hammondsport,  N.  Y. 

URBANA  WINE  COMPANY Urbana,  N.  Y. 

VINE  CITY  WINE  CELLARS Hammondsport,  N.  Y. 

WETMORE-B  OWEN  COMPANY Livermore,   Cal. 

WHITE  TOP  CHAMPAGNE  COMPANY Hammondsport,  N.  t/' 

16— D 


-»- 


;r..h„h..a  Win.  Company 


HOUSB    FOUNnBD    IS93 


jua:c^>w'sr 


I       A  comparisoxi    or    cjiam- 
pagnes, especially  the  foreign 

wines,  with   Brothes-hood 
Champagne, reads  as  folio  v?s; 


PER  CASE 


Foreign  Champagne     -    -  $32.00 

Bretherhood  Vin  Crest  Emt    29. 00 

Difference 


«ffSf^,n:u5cr5vrrr-.rv9    i 


AND  THATS  THE 
ONLY  DIFFERENCE 


Brotherhood    Champagne 

of  the   vintage  of    1903,  if 

Oneoftlie  Brotherhood  Wine  Co. 's  Cellars,    gyiade    in     FrailCe    WOuld    he 

called  the  Grand  Vintage,  for  it  is  perfected  in  every 
requirement  to  houquety  sparkle  and  color. 

The  expense  of  making  Brotherhood  Cham- 
pagne is  actually  greater  than  that  incurred 
by  the  French,  whose  cost  comes  in  duty, 
freight  and  cosnmissioiis,  none  of  which  can 
possibly  enter  into  the  quality  of  the  wine.  So 
tv/e!ve  dollars  are  expended  for  sentiment 
rather  than  quality. 

If  you  have  never  had  Brotherhood  Cham- 
pagne try  a  case  now  and  before  you  have  half 
consumed  it  you  will  be  its  steadfast  friend. 


BROTHERHOOD  WINE  COMPANY 

Spring  and  Washington  Sts.,  New  York  City 

EDWARD  R.  EMERSON,  President 

16— E 


It  is  pure  of  the  purest,  with  a  sparkle  its  own. 
Of  the  delicate  favor  that  lor^g  lingers  on  ; 
Thorougli-bred,  thorough-ripened,  for  long  years  it  has  lain, 
Till  it's  rich,  rare  and  royal — The  Great  Western  Champagne 


THE  riNE  WINE  GRAPE,  possessing  the  same  qualities 
as  those  grown  in  France,  with  the  French  method  of 
making,  give 

Great  Western 

Extra  Dry 

Champagne 

the  exquisite  taste  and  sparkling  effervescence  of  the 
best  foreign  wines.  Great  Western  is  made  under  the 
same  identical  methods  as  the  most  select  French  Cbam- 
pagnes,  and  it  is  aged  for  five  years  in  the  same  kind  of 
cellars.  This  gives  Great  Western  an  excellence  v/hich 
the  French  connoisseurs  themselves  recognize. 

Nearly  one  hundred  years  of  cultivation  of  Great 
Western  vineyards  in  New  York  State  have  given  the 
soil  the  elements  tliat  produce  the  same  peculiar  quality 
Cliampagne  grape  as  grown  in  the  famous  vineyards  of 
France. 

At  the  Paris  Exposition  Great  Western  Champagne 
was  awarded  a  gold  medal  for  quality. 

Great  Western  Champagne  costs  50  per  cent.  less 
tlian  the  imported.  The  U.  S.  Custom  House  receives 
no  revenue  from  Great  Western  and  you  get  100  per 
cent,  wine  value. 

Try  Great  Western — we  like  comparisons. 


Pleasant  Valley  Wine  Company,  Sole  Makers, 

RBEIMS,  NEW  YORK. 

Sold  by  dealers  in  fine  Wines  and  served  in  Hotels,  Restaurants 

and  Cafes. 


16 -F 


URBAIMA    NA/UME     CO.'S 

Gold  Seal'  Champagne 


SPECIAL  DRY 

"A  dry.  clean  wine  to  suit 
fhe  general  taste." 


For  years  consid- 
ered the  standard 
of  American 
Champagne. 
Made  by  the 
French  process  of 
fermentation  i  n 
the  bottle,  from 
grapes  grown  in 
our  own  vine- 
yards. 

Our  large  stock 
of  wine  enables  us 


BRUT 


to  fully  mature  "  ^'  ^'^ "' '"''  ^'  "''^^^' 
every  bottle.  We  welcome  com- 
parison, either  foreign  or  domes- 
tic, on  an  equal  footing. 


URBANA  WINE  CO,,  Urbana,  N.  Y, 

SOLE  MAKERS 


Sold  by  all  Dealers  and  at  Hotels,  Restaurants  and  Cafes 

IG-G 


M 


as 


VIEW    OF     "WINEHAVEN."     ON     SAN     FRANCISCO     BAY. 

The  Largest  Winery   Plant  in  the  World,   Covering  An  Area  of   Forty-seven  Acres. 

ANY  of  our  readers  will  be  greatly  surprised  and  inttrested  to  learn  that  the  largest 
winery  plant,  not  only  in  the  United  States  but  dn  the  world,  is  located  in  Cali- 
fornia, across  the  Bay  from  San  Francisco.  It  forms  the  centre  of  the  great  wine 
industry  of  that  State.     Such  an  institution  is  a  monument  to  American  enterprise, 

well  as  to  the  California  wine  industry,  which  represents  a  total  of  250,000 
acres  of  vineyards,  and  millions  of  dollars  interested  in  wine  cellars,  buildings,  machinery, 
warehouses,  and  stocks  of  wines,  etc.  A  short  account  of  tha  great  establishment  at 
"Winehaven"   will  therefore  be  of  much  interest. 

The  property  consists  of  47  acres  of  land,  with  a  frontage  of  2,000  feet  on  San  Fran- 
cisco Bay.  A  wharf,  1,800  feet  long,  runs  to  deep  water,  and  from  there  the  largest 
ocean-going  vessels  can  be  loaded  with  wines  and  brandies  for  New  York  and  other  Eastern 
cities,  and  for  all  foreign  countries,  even  to  India,  China,  and  Japan,  which  are  good 
customers  for  California  wines.  The  Richmond  Belt  Railway  connects  the  plant  with  the 
transcontinental   lines. 

The  main  building,  which  will  also  be  used  for  storage,  is  constructed  of  steel,  concrete 
and  brick.  It  wiM  be,  when  fully  completed,  SOO  feet  in  length  and  200  feet  in  width;  two 
stories  and  basement.     The  total  storage  capacity  will  be  for  10,000,000  gallons  of  wine. 

Nearby  is  an  immense  winery  and  fermenting  pla,nt,  600  by  150  feet,  with  a  capacity 
for  crushing  Or  pressing  25,000  tons  of  grapes  in  a  season.  The  location  is  such  that  the 
supply  of  grapes  is  brouglit  largely  by  water  from  different  sections  of  the  State,  and  the 
greatest  care  is  taken   to  have   the  grapes  arrive  in  perfect  condition. 

Among  the  other  structures  are  a  large  distillery  for  producing  millions  of  gallons 
of  brandy;  a  sherry  house,  80  by  100  feet  in  size,  and  heated  by  steam  or  hot  air; 
a  large  bottling  establishment  for  bottMng  the  fine  wines  sold  under  the  name  and  label 
of  the  Ca'ifornia  Wine  Association;  a  complete  cooperage  and  box-making  plant;  a  plant 
for  making  unfermented  grape  juice — in  brief,  a  great  establishment  fcr  everything  which 
is  connected  with  the  production  and  diatribvition  of  wines  a.nd  even  the  by-products  of  the 
grape.  In  fact,  one  feature  of  the  plant  is  the  part  devoted  to  the  utilization  of  the  by- 
products, such  as  the  seeds,  etc.,  and  the  production  of  cream  of  tartar,  etc. 

The  grounds  around  "Winehaven"  have  been  laid  out  and  will  be  beautified  by  land- 
scape garJoners,  and  there  is  a  large  hotel,  called  the  "Winehaven  House,"  where  visitors 
and  guests  will  always  be  made  welcome  and  properly  entertained.  As  something  unijue 
in  the  wine  Industry  of  the  world,  "Winehaven"  is  sure  to  be  visited  every  year  by 
thousands  of  sightseers  and  tourists. 

16— H 


mawMMKmanoMOTMnMm^ 


EISEMAN    ty>   COMPANY 

PKODUCEKS    OF    HIOH    GRADE    CAIilFORNIA 


ines  and  orandies 


NEW  YORK  CITY  flIAIN  STORE  : 

66  and  68  CORTEANDT  ST.  '     Tel.  4619  Cortlandt 


BRANCH  FAMILY  SUPPL.Y  STOKES 

Cor.  Bleecker  and  Charles  !St8.« 

Tel.  1331  Chelsea 
Cor.  94th  St.  aud  3d  Ave.,  Tel.  G68  79th 
483  Columbus  Ave.,     -    Tel.  T6T  Riv«r. 


For  Family  Use 

ZINFANDEI.  CliARET  -  -  - 
CABINET  RlESLINti  -  -  - 
PURE  JUICE  PORT  -  -  -  - 
CALIFORNIA  KRANDY  -  - 
EISEMAN'8  Fiimoiis  Whiskey 


Gallon 

.15 
l.OO 
2.50 
5^.50 


One  Sample  Order  Will  Explain 


SOL.   BEAR   t^    COMPANY 

WILMINGTON.  N.  C. 


emium  5cuppernon: 


50c  Bottle 


Wine     ^^-^^  ^^^^ 


ISEMAN   i^   COMPANY 


Eastern  Agents 
66  and  68  CORTLANDT   ST. 

Mail   Orders 

IG— J 


NEW  YORK   CITY 


AT  ALL  DEALERS 

IN  NEW  YORK  AND  VICI NUY 


IC— K 


ENGTH  FOR 


NEW    VM  AND 
VIGOR 

MORE  NERVE 
FORCE 

MORE  BUSINESS 
ABEITY 


ELECTRICITY— IJi*^  fountain  of  youtli.  the  energy  which  sustains  all  nniraal  life, 
the  source  from  which  springs  the  bubMing  spirit  of  joy  iii  youth,  the  vital  element  which 
keei)s  up  the  nerve  force  in  men  to  a  grand  old  age.  When"  the  body  is  ciiargcd  with  it  the 
vit;i]  iv)wers  are  strong,  confidence  flashes  from  the  eye.  the  step  is  firm,  the  spirits  buoyant. 
Without  it  you  are  weak,  gloomy  and  desjxjudent,  iacKing  in  physical  and  mentnl  force, 
v.itii  pains  and  aches  and  stiftiaess,  unable  to  cope  successfully  with  the  many  difficulties 
that  arise  in  everyday  life. 

How  is  it  with  you?  Are  you  fully  satisfied  with  your  physical  condition?  If  not.  you 
should  ase  Electricity  applied  through  my  world-famous  appliance, 

THE    DR.  SANDSW   HERCULEX   ELECTRIC  BELT 

Tt  is  t!ie  most  convenient,    most   comfortable,    most  scientific,    most!  effective  and  most 
economical  method  of  applying  this  Avonderful  force.     Worn  only  at  night  while  you  sleep, 
iti)f>nrs  glowing,  strengthening  vitality  into  every  organ  and  nerve  centre. 

It  is  guaranteed  for  one  year,  and  has  attachments  for  every  part  of  the  body.  No  shocks ; 
no  discomfort;  no  loss  of  time. 

I  h.we  a  special  offer  to  make  to  all  readers  of  the  World  Almanac  who  will  write  to  me — 
one  by  means  of  which  yon  can  get  a  really  good  Appliance  at  a  very  moderate  cost. 

You  have  seen  my  advertisement  for  years.  You  know  that  my  treatment  is  genuine  and 
my  business  methods  honest,  so  if  you  lack  nerve  force,  energy  "and  strength;  if  you  are 
suffering  from  Nervous  Exhaustion.  Weakness,  Fatigue.  Poor  Circulation,  Rheumatism, 
Backache.  Kidney,  Liver  or  Stomach  Trouble,  etc. ,  try  the  application  of  the  pure  galvanic 
life  curri'Ut.  You  will  find  the  cure  in  it  which  you  can  never  find  in  drugs,  Price  of  Belt 
from   So  up. 

Dr.  .j.Vv.  Craig,  Santa  Cruz,  Cal. ,  writes:  "Your  Belt  cured  both  my  wife  and  myself  of 
Rheuniatlsm. ' ' 

Rev.  R.   H.   Love,  Hennessey,  Okla. ,   says:  ' 'Your  Belt  saved  my  life.     Now  I  want  one 

for  a  iriend. ' ' 

Rv^v.  J.  Baumgai'tner,  Murdock,  Neb.,  says:  "Pains  have  ceased,  and  I  feel  better  in 
every  way. ' ' 

Would  you  not  1)6  pleased  to  arise  in  the  mdtning  with  a  feeling  of  joyous  spirits,  without 
the  semblance  of  an  ache  or  pain,  wuth  a  clear,  active  brain,  a  healthy  digestion,  renewed 
eneriry  and  vigor,  radiating  sunshine  as  you  go?  That  is  what  will  follow  the  use,  under  my 
guidance,  of  the  famous  Dr.  Sanden  Electric  Belt. 

My  free  book  on  Medical  Electricity,  giving  prices  and  full  par- 
ticulars,  is  sent  po.stpaid  in    plain   sealed  enveloix^  upon  request. 
Call   or    write   for   this   book   to-day.       To-morrow   you    may 


Book  Free 


forget. 


ALFRED  SANDEN,    1151  Broadway,  near  27th   Street,  New  York   City 

Office  hours  :    9  to  6  ;  Sundays,  10  to  1. 
16— L 


EPTIC 


EPiLEPTiC  FITS,  so  long  regarded  incurable,  have  at  last 
been  conquered.  The  t  pilepto  treatment,  which  is  along 
entirely  new  lines,  has  been  successful  in  curing  a 
large  percentage  of  the  cases  treated,  and  all  have  shov/n 
marked  improvement. 

Sufferers  from  Epilepsy  are  sensitive  and  reluctant  about 
having  their  names  advertised;  in  view  of  this  fact,  and  in 
consideration  of  their  feelings,  we  refrain  from  publishing 
testimonials  of  our  cured  patients,  but  have  a  large  number  on 
file,  and  will  be  glad  to  furnish  copies  of  same  as  well  as  the 
names  and  addresses  of  many  persons  to  whom  we  have  per- 
mission to  refer. 

The  Epilepto  Institute  is  a  corporation  organized  under 
the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York,  the  sole  aim  and  object 
being  the  treatment  and  cure  of  Epilepsy. 

The  main  office  is  conveniently  located  at  No.  21 1>^ 
West  45th  Street,  two  doors  west  of  Broadway,  New  York. 

A  speciahst  is  always  in  attendance,  and  can  be  consulted 
absolutely  without  charge.  All  who  suffer  in  any  degree 
from  Epilepsy  are  cordially  invited  to  call. 

Persons  living  at  a  distance  from  New  York  are  requested 
to  write  for  free  booklet  and  full  particulars. 


EPILEPTO  INSTITUTE 

Ansorge-Bach-Runkel  Co.,  Inc. 

2115^  West  45th  Street,  New  York  City 


references:  office  hours: 

Northern  Bank  12  to  2  daily,  except 

Mutual  Alliance  Trust  Co.  Sunday 

R.  G.  Dun  &  Co.  Monday  evenings  8  to  10 


x.aam 

16— M 


fc\ 


UNIVERSAL 


BOX  ST 


t-j.^S»-  ■•  1-    rm 


Four 


1.2,5-8,3-4. 

and 
I  inch. 


-ALSO 


Put  up  in  reels 
of    300   feet. 

Packed  in 
cases  contain- 
ing 20  reels. 


All  kinds  Wire  Box  Strapping,  Corner  Fasteners, 

Clasps,  Seals,  etc, 

GARY  MFG.  CO. 


Cablo  Address : 
♦'CARLEIG," 


19  and  21  Roosevelt  Street 

NEW  YORK 


16-N 


A  PRIVATE  WATER  SYSTEM 


"J^W    '    ■^">^l^■■^■^^l^y^^"'W^■■»«'»■^^■^^^^.'w^^  ■  ■  i«^»»rM-tt;!RiJ'M<M,i«gai  ^>■^^^^^y'■^S!^^■'■      ?t'-«KVf 


This  half-toue  illustmtion  shows  the  Bethalto  Water  System,  the  best,  most  modern  aud 

simplest  iu  operation. 

THE    BETHALTO  WATER    SYSTEM 

(PATENTED) 

Avill  supi>]y  your  farm  or  suburban  home  with  fresh,  cool,  aerated  Avater  conA'eycd 
from  your  own  well,  cistern  or  spring,  direct  to  the  faucets  whereverwater  is  desired  ; 
you  can  thus  have  kitchen,  bathroom,  laundry  and  sprinkling  conveniences,  the  same 
as  in  a  large  city.  This  system  is  as  practical  in  Winter  as  in  Summer,  and  is 
superior  to  any  other  water  system  in  that  it  furnishes  fresh,  cool  and  potable  water 
to  all  parts  of  your  house  and  premises  without  using  an  Elevated  Tank,  in  which 
the  water  is  liable  to  freeze  in  Winter  and  get  stale  and  warm  in  the  Summer. 

PROTECTION    AGAINST   FIRES 

"You  have  full  control  overthe  pressin-e,  and  in  caseof  fire  a  simple  turn  of  the  regulator 
will  momentarily  increase  the  pressure,  and  thus  a  reliable  Fire  Protection  is  at 
your  command. 

EASILY  OPERATED 

The  onlv  labor  required  is  to  pump  airinto  the  air  receiver;  that  is,  with  these  systems 
ycu  pump  air  only  and  the  air  forces  the  water  to  any  phice  you  des^ire  it.  Hand 
or  power  systems  furnislied.  Unlimited  testimonials  can  be  furnished  from  satisfied 
and  enthusiastic  users.     Prices  are  very  reasonable.      Full  guarantee  with  each  system. 

The  Bethalto  Wator  System  received  tlie  hisrhest  award  at  the  Louisiana 
Purcliase  Kxpositiuii,  St.  Louis,  U.S.  A.,  1904.  :  :  : 

WRITE  FOR  CATAI.Ofi   AND  FTJIil.  PARTICULARS. 

THE  COUNTRY  HYDRANT  CO. 

904  South  4th  Street,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

IG— O 


7^3  1303 


William  G.  Willmann 

Successor  to  Geo.  H.  Simpson  &  Co 

PAPER 

We  carry  a  full  line  of  CRANE'S  and  other  Bonds, 
Linens,  Ledgers,  White  and  Colored  Writings  of  all 
qualities. 


SOLB    a  GENT    FOR 

Carew  Linen  Ledger  Continental  Bond 

(White  and  Teu  Colors) 


(Wliite  and  Coloi-s) 

Bank  Exchange  Linen 


Hawthorne  Linen  Ledger  Broadway  Bond 

National  Bank  Linen  Ledger 

Spruce  Ledger 

W.  G.  W.  Superfine  Bond  ^"^^  ^^^^  ^^^'^^ 

Empire  Bond  Spring  Lake  Mills 

(White  and  Seven  Colors) 

Victory  Bond  Anchor  Linen 

CARDBOARD 

We  carry  the  largest  and  most  complete  assortment  of 
Cardboard  made.  Special  Stocks  for  Manufacturers 
of  Sample  Books,  Sample  Cards  and  Post  Cards. 

CUT    CARDS 

WE  MAKE  A  SPECIALTY  of  cards  for  Index 
Systems — all  thicknesses  and  colors.  Also  cards  for  Busi- 
ness and  Society  uses.  Our  cutting  facilities  are  unexcelled. 

16  Spruce  Street,  New  York 

SAMPLES  AND   PRICES    FURNISHED    TO   THE    TRADE    ONLY 

16-^P 


\ 


erritt  &z  Company 

1019  Ridge  Avenue,  PhilEdelphia 

STEEL     SHELVING    AND    LOCKERS 


EXPANDED  METAL  LOCKERS,  SHEET  STEEL  LOCKERS 
MODERN    SANITARY    METAL  OFFICE  FIXTURES     :     :     : 


■~n| 


Mi-T""         *'  '■*•*■''  '' 


4* 


Universal  **  Steel  Shelving — Shelves  Adjusted 


-UNIVERSAL    STEEL    SHELVING 

—Unit  System— shown' in  illustration  on  this  f)age,  combines  all  of  the  qualities  of  con- 
venience, economy  of  space,  and  effectiveness.  This^helving  is  adjustable,  allowing  foir 
a  shelf  every  two  inches  ;  miy  be  built  in  any  size  up  to  four  feet  wide  for  each  unit, 
and  any  depth  up  to  36  inches.  This  shelving  is  safe  against  rust,  arid  cannot  sag  or 
get  out  of  plumb.  Easily  set  up  or  taken  down.  When  collapsed  may  be  stored  in  a 
small  space.    All  modern  Tjuildings  are  being  equipped  with  this  style  of  shelving. 

16— Q 


Expanded 
Metal  Lockers 

(Nwmbef  X206,  Type  B) 

steel  throughout—back,  top  and  shcK 

,  solid.  Sides,  front  and  bottom  ventilated. 

Can  be  erected  in  any  grouping  required. 


Sheet  Steel 
Lockers 

(Number  1406,  Type  U) 

Especially  adaptable  as  a  locker  for 
banks  and  trust  companies— also  for  gen- 
eral office  use. 


"<'^^-- •i.5ttA-W:i:, 


(Number  1206,  Type  B) 

Unit  Construction 

Our  Lockers  have  been  developed  so  that  they 
are  more  than  a  permanent  investment — they  are 
an  asset.  Every  part  of  every  standard  size 
Locker  is  made  to  gauge.  Each  Locker  has  an 
individual  top,  shelf  and  bottom.  All  doors, 
division  panels,  and  backs  of  a  given  size  are 
interchangeable;  therefore,  additions  or  altera- 
tions in  arrangement  can  be  made  at  any  time 
without  cutting  or  fitting,  or  expert  assistance. 
Additional  parts  for  extending  or  rearranging 
can  be  procured  at  any  time  without  delay.  The 
simplicity  of  our  Lockers  reduces  the  cost  of 
erection  which  should  be  given  consideration 
in  comparing  prices.  In  order  to  save  trans- 
portation charges  Lockers  are  shipped  knocked 
dowrk  unless  otherwise  specially  arranged  for. 
Send  for  catalogue  of  Solid  Steel  and  Expanded 
Metal  Lockers  ;  Steel  Shelving  ;  Partition  Work, 
etc.,  etc. 


(Number  H06,  Type  U) 


Merritt  ^  Company 

1019  Ridge  Ave. 

PHILADELPHIA 

16— R 


STAND  UP 

If  You  Are  Tired    of   Sitting 

JUSf~OUT 


tt 


HI-LO"- ATTACHMENT  NO.  3 

(Patent  Applied  For) 


2    DESKS    IN    OISIE; 


BYthis  simple  and  convenient  device 
your  Roll-Top  Desk  is  instantly 
transformed  into  a  Stand-Up  Desk  for 
large  books,maps,  samples,  for  dra\sr- 
ing,  or  any  other  purpose,  without 
disturbing  your  regular  desk. 
When  not  in  use,  is  rolled  back  out 
of  sight. 

Call  and  see  this  attachment  in  use. 

^'W;  f  *»''  n^^h  Cn.  Suite  1726, Tribune Bldg, 
/11-i.O     i/eSK  CO.      jq£^  YORK  CITY 


Protect  Your  Idea 


GUARANTEED 

68-Page  Guide  Book  Free, 

Book  "Proof  of  FORTUNES 

IN    PATENTS"    FREE.      "What  and    How    to   Invent"    FREE. 

«@^  SPECIAL  OFFER  :    Send  sketches  or  model  and  de- 
scriptions of  invention  for  FREE  examination  of  PATENT 
Office  Records  and  Report  as  to  patentability.    Highest  references. 

E.  E.  VROOMAN,  Patent  Lawyer,  Box  59.  Washington,  D.C. 


CURED 


TO   SXAV  CURED 

Without  inconvenience  or  leaving  home.  NO  KNIFE— NO  PLASTER— NO  PAIN.  THE 
MASON  METHOD  indorsed  at  the  International  Medical  Congress  and  pronounced  by 
prominent  New  York  physicians  to  be  a  permanent  cure.  Send  for  free  booklet.  Inves- 
tigate to-day.  Cancer  does  not  wait.  A  cure  is  effected  only  by  development  of 
the  vital  resistance  natural  to  one's  own  blood.  OUR  TREATMENT  HELPS 
NATURE  THUS.    We  co-operate  with  physicians.      WE  GIVE  PROOF  OF  CURES. 

MASON  CANCER  INSTITUTE,  1700  D  Broadway,  New  York 

1&-S 


TRADE 


■.  i  I 


MARK 


i 


AlK     BKST    FOR    THB 

Office,  Factory,  Store,  School  or  Cliurch 
Dwelling   House  — Because    .... 

Diirablc—They  nevrr  cmck  nor  fall  likp  plaster. 

Last  as  long  as  tlie  building,  and  cost  nothing 

for  repairs.  , 

Protect  against  Fire,  Water.  Dirt,  and  vermin. 

JianJtary— Do  not  absorb  germB,  and  can   be 

kept  perfectly  clean. 
Ornamental— Marie  to  harmonize  with  all  the 
decorative  styles,  and  can  be  painted  or  dec- 
orated as  desired. 
Economical— Cost  no  more  at  the  beginning 
than  the  combined  cost  of  plaster  and  wail  paper 
or  other  decorations,  and  last  as  long  as  the 
house. 

Can  he  put  «p  by  any  skilled  CRrpcnter,  finaniith  or 
decora'or.  Huti'lrt^fis  of  beautiful  designs  to  chios-  from. 
Suitable  for  every  class  if  buildine;. 

.SoM  by  eiiher  locil  dealers  or  direct.      Sketches, 
plans,   and   estimates  free.      Writ<>   for    cataloR. 
\Vp  :ilsi.  manuf.'^cture  No  Co  Do  Steel  Tiling.      Ask 
for  boi'kle  . 

NOKTHROP, COB  CRTS  &  ItODGE  CO. 
43  Cherry  St..  Jicw  York. 


m 


r'' 


I 


.Z 


MMi 


RHEUMATISM 


and  Gout — any  age  or  condition — thormghly  and 
completely  cured  with 


iimt^fd    ^QQZBH^ 


A 

wt 


specific  medicine^  surprising  all  the   world'^^ 
Ith  a  record  since  1861.  Try  it.  It  won^t  fail  you. 


At  Druggists,  75c.  Bottle. 


Booklet  Free. 


PVM.  H,  MULLER,   University  Place,  NEW  YORK. 


16— T 


\lF6Sli 


ring  W; 


^"^^^ 


Its  Purity  has 
made  it  Famous 

A  Pure  Water  Extreme  Care  in  Bottling 

SPRINGS   REMOTE   FROM   BUILDINGS 

Analyzed  by  many   Boards   of  Health  and 

always  pronounced  pure 


Its  Moderate  Price  are  Points  ^N^hicli  have  made 

"GREAT  BEAR" 

THE    MOST   POPULAR  TABLE   WATER 


Sold  by  Good  Druggists  and  Grocers  Everywhere 


Springs,  near  Fulton,  Northern  New  York 

^J^iA^lisi  Great  Bear  Spring  Company 


41  BARCLAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

16— U 


'^^Mi^Q*«^>aiVi««««««fV9mv« 


1  111^ 


Changeable 
Directories 
and  Bulletins 

For  Office Buildings,Hotels, 
Clubs,  Hospitals,  &c. 


Write  for  Catalogue  tuiih  many  Styles 
and  Designs. 

CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED 


U.  S.  CHANGEABLE 
SIGN  CO. 

3  West  29tl!  St.,  New  York 
U.  S.  A. 


OFFICE  FURNITURE 


Desks*  Chairs- Tables 

FiliegDevices 

Leather  Goods,  etc. 


0r 


*& 


A  FULL  LINE  OF  LOW  PRICED       M 

COMMERCIAL    * 
FURNITURE 


GEO.  W.  COBB,  Jr.,  h' 


S£S 


144-148  NASSAU  ST. 
EW  YORK   CITY 

TELEPHONE,    4700    BEEKWAN 


IS— V 


.1  Mil 


lISJDISRE:rsi3ASL.E;     TO      3IVIOKER3 


CHEAPER 

THAN 
MATCHES 


WILL  LIGHT 
(IN  WINDY 
f;  WEATHER 


THE    MOST 

Convenient      Lighter 

Ever    Produced 


special  prices  to  dealers 
in  dozcrj   or  gross   lots 

AUTO  IQNITBR  CO. 


Guaranteed 
For  Six   Months 

ir^riil  50  CENTS 


Patented  July  9,  1907  ;    Sept.  10,  1907. 


1947  Broadway.  NEW  YORK  CITY 


HENRY  PEARL  &  SONS  CO. 

wnolesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 

Door  Checks  and  Springs  :  :  : 


(And  every  part  thereof) 

-ALSO- 

Door  Holders  and  Spring  Hinges 


EXCLUSIVE    AGENTS    FOR    W^INN    DOOR    HOLDERS 
SOLE    AGENTS,     IMPROVED     NORTON     AIR     CHECK 

Bronze  and  Aluminum  Powders, 
Brushes  and  Bronzing  Liquids,  Auto- 
matic and  Hand  Drills,  Ratchet  Screw  Drivers. 


WS  REPniR  EVERY  MAKE    OF  DOOR 
QHEQK   7iNT>    TLLSO    SPRING    HINGES 

iT^l^ci^^Lndt       71  Murray  Street,  New  York  City 

10— w 


rmiiiiiiiiifi  iMiMMii 

Made  by  the 


OFFICE 

PARTIT 

Of  QUALITY 


Three 

Miles 
in  Stock 


Delivery 

in 
Tw^enty- 

Foup 
Hours 


« 

^ 

1 

1 

J 

^  f—                  = 

1n ' 

■  =■  - 1  ■ 

* 

if   ^c==dII       IIc= 

^'! 

'  n  n  n" 

J  D 

U       J 

—  [ll 

yjiyiiyij 

',J                           11                   Mil                               J 

T-wenty 

Years 

Making 

Office 

Partitions 

Estimates 
Furnished 


Office  Railings 

Stock  Quotation  Boards 

Wooden  Store  Fixtures,  ttc. 


.>«r..l-.-lrreTt»:l— ...   «. 


MOUNT  £y   ROBERTSON 

Makers 

28  BEAVER  ST.,   NEW  YORK  CITY 


What  you  'want  to-morro-w  "was  ready  yesterday 
Come  today  and  look  at  it 


16— X 


BM 


We  Light 
"THE  WORLD 


ff 


We  can  make  you  a  large  saving  on  your  lamp 
bills  and  send  you  lamps  fully  guaranteed 

in  every  respect. 

RENEWED  LAMPS  are  now  recognized  by  the  highest 

authorities,  and  thousands  of  consumers,  as  equally 

as  good  as  the  best  new  lamps. 

Write  us  for  prices  and  full  particulars. 


LYNN     INCANDESCENT    LAMP    CO 

P.  O.  Box  664  Lynn,  Mass. 


Hfmy's 


eatih 


Never  Fails  to 

RESTORE  GRAY  or  FAIBED 

Its 


COLOR  and  BEAUTY 

No  matter  how  long  it  has  been  gray 
or  faded.  ^  Promotes  a  luxuriant  growth 
of  healthy  hair.  Stops  its  falling  out, 
and  positively  ^removes  Oan- 
droSS.  Keeps  hair  soft  and  glossy.  Re- 
fuse all  substitutes.  2^  times  as  much 
in  $1.00  as  50c  size, 

IS  NOT  A  DYE. 

Philo  Hay  Spec.  Co..  Newark.  N.  3. 

$%  and  50c  bottles*  at  dris^alstft** 


Paints,  Enamels, 
Stains,  Etc. 

Direct  from  Maker  to  Consumer 

THE  BEST  HOUSE  AND  BARN  PAINTS 
MANUFACTURED. 

Over  a  Quarter  Century  Experience  and  Repu- 
tation behind  our  goods. 

We  refer  by  permission  to  the  N.  Y.  WoRLD 

who  use  our  goods  exclusively  in  all 

their  departments. 


SPENCER  SURFACER  COMPANY^ 

388  Pearl  Street,   New  York  City 

TELEPHONE  WRITE  OALL 


16— T 


■fMPi 


■a 


gim?tfnn»r^*«w^ 


WHITE  HOUSE,    WASHINGTOX,    D.  C. 

VACUUM  SYSTEM  INSTALLED 

THE  VACUUM  CLEANER  COMPANY 

W.  L.  DECHANT,  President  E.  C.  WATSON,  Secretary  and  Treasurer 

427  Fifth  Avenue  J  New  York  City 

CONTRACTS  TAKEN  FOR  THE  COMPLETE  INSTALLATION 

OF  THIS   SYSTEM   FOR 

Hotels,  Office   Buildings,  Apartment  Houses,  Churches,   RaiJroad   Yards, 

Trains    and    Stations,    Hospitals,    Libraries, 
Private 

Residences, 
Asylums  and 

Institutions, 
Public 

Buildings. 

— ALSO— 

Manuf act  urer  s 

of  Small 
Portable  Plants 


i 


4'v 


y.^ 


Kenny  System 
i   fully  Covered 
by  Patents     : 


s> 


I'X.ATIB.ON  BUILDING,  N.  Y.  CITY 
VACUUM    SYSTEM    INSTALLED 


f.y^> 


rf,.^  aS^ 


fc)X.  IiK016>,   JS.    y.    Ciii 

VACUUM    SYSTEM    INSTALLED 


16— Z 


-ss> 


NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  KANSAS  CITY 


Schwarzschild  &  Sulzberger  Co. 


Producers  ol  Highest  Quality 


Beef '  Veal  •  Mutton 
and  Pork 


Our  goods  were  awarded  First  Prizes  Distributing  houses  in  all  the  prin- 

a   the  Paris,  Buffalo,  St.  Louis  and  cipal  cities  of  United  States  and 

Jamestown  Expositions.  Europe. 

^ , .A 


Twmir  OIL  ENGINES 

Stationary,  I  to  100  H.  p.  Marine,  1  to  120  H.  P. 

OPEKATED    BT 

I  Crude  Oil.  Fuel  Oil 
Kerosene  or  Alcohol 

Simplest.  Safest.  Most  Reliable  and    «<^ 
Most  Economical  Power  Engines 
on  the  Market 

Direct  Coupled  Oil  Engines   and   Generators  for  Electric 
Lighting  and  Charging  Storage  Batteries. 

Direct  Coupled  Oil   Engines   and  Triplex  and   Centrifugal 

Pumping  Outfits. 

Direct  Geared  Oil  Engines  and  Air  Compressors  and  Hoists. 

Portable  Engines.  Marine  Engines. 

AUGUST  NIIETZ  IRON  FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  WORKS 

Send  for  catalogue  128-138    MOTT   STREET.    NEW   YORK 

IG— AA 


^ '  Burlington^  ^ 

Sliding  and 
Venetian  Blinds 


Keep  out  the  Sun       Control  the  Light 
Permit  Perfect  Ventilation 


''Burlington 

Window  and 
Door  Screens 


Keep  out  Insects 

and 

Permit  Circulation  of 

Fresh  Air 


^^ 


I>A.TEI«^ 


,   ^LINDS. 


Tliree 

SUPEf^lORrK; 

AT  THE      i^ 

jlMERlCANfHSTITufE 
/JEW  York 
Qty. 

SettoFoaiuusTa 


BURUNGTON  E  VENETIAN  «  BUND  ^  COMPANY 

Burlington,  Vt. 

New  York  Office    -    World  Building 

16— BB 


. 


14  h.p.  Maxwell  Runabout 

$825  f,  o.  b.  factories 

Speed  :    35-40  miles  per  hour— 20  miles  per  gallon  of  gasoline 

MR.  BUSINESS  MAN : 

When  you  attempt  to  solve  your  own  transportation  problem — ^and 
you  will  have  to  try  its  solution  soon,  if  you  want  to  keep  abreast  of 
modern  business  development — you  do  not  want  the  high-priced  car,  nor 
the  one  that  is  complicated  of  design  or  difficult  of  operation. 

You  want  the  SIMPLEST  there  is,  for  in  mechanics  as  well  as  in 
business  the  SIMPLEST  IS  THE  BEST  AND  MOST  EFFICIENT  as  well  as 
the  CHEAPEST. 

Next  time  you  meet  a  Maxwell  motorist,  stop  him.  Ask  him  how 
he  likes  the  three-point  suspension,  the  multiple-disc  clutch,  the  strong 
shaft  drive,  and  the  many  other  features  that  are  exclusive  Maxwell  inven- 
tions, and  imitated  by  our  followers. 

There  is  only  one  reply :  The  Maxwell  is  the  SIMPLEST  IN  CON- 
STRUCTION, and  the  MOST  RELIABLE  AND  MOST  ECONOMICAL  IN 
OPERATION. 

Or  ask  us.  Let  me  tell  you  all  about  the  Maxwell,  and  the  reasons 
why  our  cars  are  SUPERIOR  TO  ANYTHING  ON  WHEELS. 

If  you  have  any  use  for  transportation  at  all— every  business  man  has 
—it  will  pay  you  to  investigate  the  Maxwell.  Your  automobile  knowledge 
is  not  complete  without  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  Maxwell  line  for  1908. 


Factories— 
Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 
New  Castle,  Ind. 

Pawtucket,  R.  I. 
Chicago,  IlL 


President 
Maxwell-Briscoe  Motor  Co. 

Members  A.  M.  C.  M.  A. 
Dept.  A,   9  WYCKOFF  STREET,  TARRYTOWN,  N.  Y. 

le— cc 


'rt'^—"-r-"'TVrtr^^'»TiftfirV''T»**r "    "'  '"^—r^-ri  Witii   iiiiriaft 


THE  VICTOR 

It  makes  billing  and  all  form  work  easy. 

It  relieves  the  operator  from  the  mental  strain  of  having  to 
verify  the  position  of  each  column. 

Every  Victor  Typewriter  is  'equipped  with  a  tabuMor. 

It  saves  time. 

It  saves  money. 

A  descriptive  catalogue  upon  request. 


VICTOR    TYPEWRITER    CO. 

812  Greenwich  Street        ^       -       -      New  York 


16— DD 


laa.  la.    Li 


Ja^els  and  Bellis 


HIGH-GRADE 


COAL 


Direct  Receivers  from  the  Mines 


Coal  Delivered  by  the  Truck  Load 
to  all  Parts  of  Manhattan  and 
Hudson  County     :;:::: 


Coal  Pockets  and  Docks  at 

Hoboken,    Jersey   City,  Weehawken, 
Homestead,  Ne^w  Jersey 


NEW    YORK    OFFICE 

23d  St.  and  BroadNvay,  Flatiron  Bldg. 

Telephone  Call,  Gramercy  1919 

JERSEY    OFFICp 

35  14tln  St.  (near  ferry),  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

Telephone   Call,  Hoboken    905 
Mail  Orders  Given  Prompt  Attention 

16— EFT 


RYEDE  SPECIALTY  WORKS 

MANDFACTURERS     OF     METAL     SPECIALTIES 


m 


in 


m^RTEOJE  ^PJUSTABIL£ 
«^ANe&SCi;ifTtICHTHOLDER 


We  have  now  before  you  the  best  and 
most  ingenious  Adjustable  Incandescent 
Li^iit  Holder  ever  invented. 

R  st    and  most  economical  equipment 
for  factories  and  establishments  needing 
a  lamp  that  can  be  easily    adjusted   and 
me3t  all  the  requirements  of  an  adjust- 
able or  permanent  fixture  for  the  holding 
of  an  incandescent  light. 
Easi  y  fastened  to  ceiling,  wall  or  floor;  instantly 
ready   1  or  service    without   altering  the  wirin-  or 
Other  hxtures.     Only  bracket  made  for  its  purpose 
that  will  not  get  loose  through  constant  use. 

t  r^''.'  ^o]d  any  style  or  make  of 
socket,  eithermetal  or  porcelain,  and  will 
not  interfere  with  the  shade  or  globe. 


J 


Ryede  Ribbon 
Leaders 

Are  made  from  spring  brass 
highly  polished  and  nickel  pla- 
ted. The  great  feature  of 
these  leaders  is  that  they  will 
hold  the  ribbon  neatly  and 
straight,  and  make  it  possible 
to  lead  ribbon  through  the 
most  delicate  fabrics. 


The    Ryede   Vending    Machine 

The  Ryede  Outdoor  and  Indoor 
Vending  Macliines  are  the  neatest 
strongest,  safest,  surest  and  the  be.^t 
designed  on  the  marlcet.  Tneyar.; 
made  in  two,  four,  sii  or  eight  slots 
or  columns. 

The  Ryede  is  a  machine  designed 
to  vend  gum,  chocolate  and  all  kinds 
of  confectionary  in  stick  or  package. 

A  great  feature  of  the  Kyede 
machine  is  that  in  case  repairs  are 
found  necessary  the  entire  mech- 
anism can  be  instantly  removed 
from  the  case  and  repairs  made  or 
another  substituted  without  remov- 
ing the  case  from  its  original 
position,  thereby  making  the  ma- 
chine a  constant  vendor  at  all  times. 

A  request  will  bring  full  information. 

Little  Giant    Clothesline 
Fastener 

A  new  specialty, 
designed  for  holding 
a  clothesline  without 
tying.  Can  be  in- 
stantly adjusted  from 
loose  to  tight.  Just 
put  the  line  through 
from  top,  pull  as  tight 
as  desired  and  it 
holds  fast  every  time. 
Simple  to  loosen. 
Made  from  pressed 
steel. 


\J 


One   set  of  ribbon  leacler.s 

One    pair    of    elotficsiine    fa.steners 

35  cent-s  prepaid. 


Ryede  Puzzle 

WxU    Hold    You    for    a   While. 

Keyring,  Nameplat«  and  Puzzle 
combined.  Greatest  puzzle  in  ex- 
istence. A  poser  for  your  friends 
when  there's  nothing  doing.  It 
teaches  the  one  working  it  new 
ideas  in  mechanism.  If  the  Ryede 
interferes  with  business,  quit  the 
business. 

THE  RYEDE  IS  A  GENUINE 
PUZZLE. 


Ryede  Perfection 
Puzzle 

V/hen  you  have  solved 
the  Ryede  Puzzle  send  for 
Ryede  Perfection.  The 
Ryede  is  the  Greatest. 
The  Ryede  Perfection  is 
Greater. 


mtM 


The  Ryede  Puzzle  and  the  Ryede  Perfection  Puzzle,  25  cents  prepaid. 

We  are  making  a  new  line  of  Novelty  Specialties  which 
are  not  shown  above.    Send  for  circulars. 


WE  CONTRACT  FOR  3tETAIi  SPECIALTIES  OF   ALL  KINDS 

RYEDE  SPECIALTY  WORKS,  Rochester,  N.Y.,  U.S.A. 

16— FF 


Why  do  YOU  wear  torture  trusse 

these  shown  here? 


like 


8CC   HOW 

THEY    CUT 


ELASTIC 


This  is  the  "n-orthless  Elastic  Truss  generally 
fitted  Avith  water- pads — \ylth  leg  straps  tha't 
pull  the  pads  on  the  pelvic  bone,  leaviiig  real 
opening  of  Rupture  unprotected.  The  Belts 
around  ]x)dy  often  have  to  be  made  so  tight  as 
to  eat  into  the  sides,  as  shown  above,  and  yet 
fail  to  hold.  Do  not  continue  to  wear  a  worth- 
less Truss  like  this. 


SPRING 

This  is  the  criminal  Spring  Truss  with  its 
Pads.made  to  press  on  the  bone  and  on  parts 
not  connected  with  the  Rupture  at  all.  What 
unnecessary  and  harmful  pressure  is  exerted 
by  such  a  Truss  1  Do  not  continue  to  torture 
yourself  with  a  Truss  like  this. 


IHY  TRUSS  WITHOUT   BELTS 

Think  of  the  suffering  and  the  trouble  spared  if 
you  could  get  your  Rupture  HELD  as  we  positively 
guarantee  to  do ;  if  vou  could  do  your  v/ork  in 
COMFORT  and  FREEDOM,  knowing  that  you  were 
as  SAFE  as  if  you  never  were  ruptured,  and  that  by 
CONTINUOUS  HOLDING  of  the  Ruptured  Parts  a 
CURE  was  made  possible  for  you  at  last  1 

A  PERFECT  Holder  that  Cures 

And  you  will  be  convinced  of  this  Avonderful  truth 
when  I  fit  you,  or  after  a  careful  reading  of  my  book, 
which  I  gladly  mail  FREE  to  all  writing  for  it.*  I  state 
FACTS  only  and  show  photographic  illustrations  of 
the  Cluthe  Truss,  guaranteed  "to  hold  ANY  Rupture. 
SMALL  COST.  No  springs,  no  leg  straps,  may  be  worn 
in  bath ;  most  durable.  Call  this  week,  or,  no  matte" 
where  you  live,  write  NOW  for  my  40-  page  descriptive 
FREE  BOOK  (sealed),  with  Order  Blank 

And  a  list  of  3,500  benefited  and  eured 
patrons,  living  in  all  parts  of  tiie  U.  S., 
Canada,  and  Mexico,  who,  in  the  cause  of 
humanity,  have  offered  to  let  us  make 
knov^'n  TO  YOU  their  successful  experi= 
ence  with  my  Truss. 

CH  AS  W  PI  I  ITHF    ^25  E.  23rd  St.,  New  York  City 
^*^*  *-'^'*^«  ^^  •V^JL-iV^  M.  A  M,M^y      (Between  4th  and  LexinetonAves.) 


IVIy    Trusj 


IMEIVEF^    soled     \oy    cirujggists 

16— GG 


or   dealers. 


Personal  Memoranda.  17 

Jlrrsonal  iHcmorantra 

OF  THE  OWNER  OF  THIS  BOOK. 


i«^A.ME 

BUSINESS  ADDRESS 

RESIDENCE  ADDRESS 

BIRTHDAY 

TELEPHONE  NUMBER,   OFFICE , 

•♦  *'  RESIDENCE 

RAILROAD  COMMUTER  TICKET,    No 

FIRE  INSURANCE  POLICY,    PREMIUM,  Amount When  Due. 

LIFE  INSURANCE  POLICY.    PREMIUM,   AMOUNT When  Due. 

A' 
SAVIN<^S  BANK  BOOK,   No 


:<!. 


AUTOMOBILE,   No 

BICYCLE,    No 

EYEGLASSES,  No '. 

ft  WATCH,  No.,  Case : Work; 

WEIGHT,  Lbs Date 

HEIGHT,  Ft Ins Date 

BUST  MEASURE WAIST  MEASURE, 

SIZE   IN  GLOVES HATS 

•collars SHOES 

CUFFS HOSIERY 

MY  WILL  MAY'  BE  FOUND  AT 

MY  LAWYERS  ARE 


DATE  OF  THIS   RECORD. 


TjjE  World  Almah^c  will  %7e!Qomc  guggestions  for  the  improvement  of  this  page. 


pecify  These  Brands 


Don't  select  your  ROOFING  TIN  on  hear-say. 
Specify  the  weight  of  coating  as  well  as  the  Brand  when  you're 
ready  to  select  your  roof  covering,  and  you'll  get  exactly  what 
you  pay  for ;  while  the  life  of  the  roof  will  depend  largely  upon 
the  selection  you  make.     Our  brands  are  enumerated  below. 

[RETAIN  THIS  FOR  REFERENCE.] 


^   AAAAA  % 

40  POUNDS  COATING 


AMERICAN 

NUMETHODD 

B 

40  POUNDS  COATING 


^      AAA    \ 

30  POUNDS  COATING 


AHERICAN 

SPECIAL 

15 POUNDS  COATING 


AMERICAN 

IC 

8  POUNDS  COATING 


32  POUNDS  COATING 


First  specify, 

then  watch 

for  these  Brands 

and  you're  sure 

to  get  exactly 

what  you  order 


,/       A       \ 

20  POUNDS  COATING 


AMERICAN 

NUHETHODD 

F 

20  POUNDS  COATING 


/^   AAAA    % 

35  POUNDS  COATING 


AHERICAN 

NUHETHODO 

0 

30  POUNDS  COATINtt 


/^      AA      ^ 
25  POUNDS  COATING 


AMERICAN 

EXTRA 

12  POUNDS  COATING 


AMERICAN 

IX 

8  POUNDS  COATING 


American  Sheet  &  Tin  Plate  Company. 


FRICK  BUILDING. 


PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


'The    World  19 


^!jc  Wa^oviti. 


JOSEPH    PULITZER. 


'PERFORMANCE     IS      BETTER     THAN     PROMISE."        WHAT     THE     WORLD     HAS 
ACCOMPLISHED     DURING     THE     PAST     TWENTY-FIVE    YEARS. 


Against  its  promises  made  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  promises  not  easy  to  keep,  THE 
WORLD  to-day  proudly  writes  the  word— fulfilled!  Fulfilled— because  THE  WORLD'S 
heart  has  throbbed  with  the  heart  of  the  people  and  because  the  cry  of  the  humblest 
■citizen,  native  or  adopted,  if  heard  in  a  just  cause,  has  never  been  unheeded.  Fulfilled — ■ 
because  "do  right  and  fear  not"  was  the  motto  adopted  in  May,  1SS8,  when  THE 
WORLD  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Joseph  Pulitzer,  and  the  public  read  at  the  head  of 
its  editorial  columns  this  memorable  announcement: 

"The  entire  WORLD  newspaper  property  has  been  purchased  by  the  undersigned,  and 
will,  from  this  day  on,  be  under  different  management — different  in  men,  measures  and 
Tnethods;  different  in  purpose,  policy  and  principle;  different  in  objects  and  interests; 
different  in  sj-mpathies  and  convictions;   different  in  head  and  heart. 

"Performance  is  better  than  promise.  Exuberant  assurances  are  cheap.  I  make  none. 
I  simply  refer  the  public  to  the  new  WORLD  itself,  which  henceforth  shall  be  the  daily 
evidence  of  its  own  growing  improvement,  with  forty-eight  daily  witnesses  in  its  forty- 
eight  columns. 

"There  is  room  in  this  great  and  growing  city  for  a  journal  that  is  not  only  cheap,  but 
bright;  not  only  bright,  but  large;  not  only  large,  but  truly  democratic,  dedicated  to  the 
cause  of  the  people  rather  than  that  of  purse-potentates,  devoted  more  to  the  news  of  the 
New  than  the  Old  World;  that  will  expose  all  fraud  and  sham,  fight  all  public  evils  and 
abuses;  that  will  serve  and  battle  for  the  people  with  earnest  sincerity. 

"In  that  cause  and  for  that  end  solely  the  new  WORLD  is  hereby  enlisted  and  com- 
nitted  to  the  attention  of  the  intelligent  public.  JOSEPH  PULITZER." 

From  the  day  that  Mr.  Pulitzer  made  the  foregoing  pledge  to  the  public  THE  WORLD 
became  one  of  the  great  journalistic  forces  in  American  life.  Soon  it  outstripped  all  con- 
temporaries and  took  the  proud  position  of  leader  in  the  newspaper  field— the  place  it  holds 
to-day — after  two  and  a  half  decades  of  relentless,  unceasing  war  against  wrongs;  the  place 
of  a  peerless,  dominant  moral  power.  Hundreds  of  standards  of  iniquity  have  been  furled 
and  laid  at  the  feet  of  THE  WORLD  when  corruption  in  high  circles  has  been  fearlessly 
attacked  on  right,  left  and  centre  by  this  journal  of  the  people.  Criminals  have  feared 
THE  WORLD,  argus-eyed,  as  they  have  not  dreaded  the  keenest  professional  detectives. 
Political  parties  have  trembled  at  its  voice,  and  nations  have  recognized  THE  WORLD  as 
an  influence  for  peace,  good  will  and  prosperity.  Through  its  trained  army  of  corres- 
pondents— a  news-gathering  corps  unparalleled  in  history  for  alertness  and  intelligence — 
nothing  is  too  small,  if  significant,  to  attract  the  Instant  attention  of  THE  WORLD, 
and  nothing  is  too  great  to  make  it  swerve  an  instant  from  its  line  of  duty  when  its 
course  has  been  decided. 

Soon  after  Mr.  Pulitzer's  salutatory  THE  WORLD  declared  its  ten  Political  Com- 
mandments as  representing  its  view  of  true  Democracy,  the  sort  for  which  it  intended  to 
fight,  caring  nothing  about  being  deemed  politically  "regular,"  if  regularity  be  interpreted 
as  party  fealtj',  no  matter  to  what  extremes  the  so-called  Democratic  party  might  go.  In 
other  words,  it  promised  that  no  particular  body  of  politicians,  large  or  small,  should 
control  it  under  the  Pulitzer  regime.  Its  principles  and  policies  were  then,  as  now,  living 
issues.     THE  WORLD  demanded: 

The  taxation  of  luxuries. 

The  taxation  of  inheritances. 

The  taxation  of  monopolies. 

The  taxation  of  large  Incomes. 

The  taxation  of  the  privileges  of  corporations. 

A  tariff  for  revenue. 

Reform  of  tlje  civil  service. 

Punishment  of  corrupt  office-holders,  ' 


20  '-The    -World. 


Punishment  of  vote-buying. 

Punishment  of  employers  who  coerce  their  employees  in  elections. 

THE  WORLD  has  kept  these  pledges  of  adherence  td  vital  Democratic  principles, 
though  often  furiously  assailed  by  politicians  and  by  great  "Democratic"  party  organs. 

THE  EVOLUTION   OF  THE   WORLD, 

Although  old  things  passed  away  and  all  things  became  new  in  connection  with  THE 
WORLD  when  Mr.  Pulitzer  purchased  the  paper,  the  journal  had  nevertheless  had  a  long 
and  eventful  career,  which  can  be  traced  back  to  1812,  when,  during  America's  war  with 
England,  the  National  Advocate  was  born  in  New  York,  with  Henry  Wheaton,  an  eminent 
scholar  and  exponent  of  international  law,  as  founder.  It  became  one  of  the  foremost  news- 
papers in  America.  It  supported  President  Monroe  and  the  "doctrine"  which  is  now 
accepted  as  the  basic  principle  of  the  foreign  policy  of  America.  The  National  Advocate 
became  the  Enquirer  in  1S26,  Maj.  M.  M.  Noah,  editor.  Three  years  later  it  was  merged 
with  the  Morning  Courier,  with  the  title  of  Courier  and  Enquirer,  six  editors,  James  Gordon 
Bennett,  James  Watson  Webb,  Jam-es  Brooks,  James  Lawson  and  Prosper  M.  Wetmore, 
joining  Major  Noah. 

Those  were  the  days  of  the  "blanket-sheet"  newspapers,  and  rivalry  took  the  form 
of  striving  for  the  biggest  sheet.  In  1S53  the  Courier  and  Enquirer's  leading  rival,  the 
Journal  of  Commerce,  proudly  boasted  an  issue  on  sheets  measuring  sixteen  and  one-third 
square  feet,  and  announced  itself  to  be  the  "largest  newspaper"  in  the  world.  » 

In  ISGO  a  one-cent  religious  daily  was  put  forth.  It  was  called  The  World.  It  had  the 
support  of  several  rich  men.  It  refused  to  print  police  or  theatrical  news  or  "scandals." 
It  rejected  theatrical  advertisements.  The  public  did  not  take  to  it  kindly.  After  an  inglo- 
rious career  it  was  merged  with  the  Courier  and  Enquirer,  with  its  own  name  first  in  the 
triple  head.  The  World  and  Courier  and  Enquirer.  A  short  time  after  two-thirds  of  the 
title  was  dropped,   leaving  THE  WORLD. 

August  Belmont,  S,  L.  M.  Barlow  and  other  wealthy  Democrats  bought  THE  WORLD 
in  1872.  The  brilliant  Manton  Marble  became  its  editor,  and  it  grew  to  be  the  most  powerful 
Democratic  newspaper  of  the  time.  Mr.  Marble  became  its  sole  owner  after  a  while,  but 
sold  the  paper  to  a  group  of  capitalists  represented  by  William  Henry  Hurlbert,  who  became 
its  editor  in  1S76. 

THE  WORLD  in  the  meantime  had  come  under  the  control  of  Jay  Gould,  Mr.  Hurl- 
bert remaining  as  editor.  Self-announced  as  the  leading  organ  of  a  great  political  party, 
it  really  represented  the  interests  of  a  speculator  in  railroads  and  a  plutocrat  in  politics. 
Of  course,  it  lost  influence.  It  was  discredited  by  the  people.  Its  circulation  dwindled 
until  it  was  less  than  10,000  in  the  city.  It  was  bankrupt  by  forsaking  the  paths  of  true 
journalism.  It  was  used  as  a  private  enterprise  for  personal  ends.  It  did  not  trust  the 
people.     The  people  did  not  trust  it. 

It  was  at  this  point  in  THE  WORLD'S  career,  when  its  very  existence  was  threatened, 
that  the  unexpected  happened,  or,  to  put  it  more  accurately,  was  accomplished  by  Joseph 
Pulitzer.  With  unbounded  faith  in  the  people,  and  also  with  audacity  and  faith  in  himself. 
Mr.  Pulitzer  bought  the  paper,  saluted  his  new  constituency,  and  ordered  from  R.  Hoe  & 
Companj-  the  largest  and  fastest  press  they  could  construct  in  the  quickest  possible  time. 
The  great  printing  press  builder  cautiously  asked,    "How  do  you  know  you  shall  need  it?" 

"I  must  need  it  to  succeed,  and  I  shall  succeed,"  was  the  reply.  But  the  builder  of 
printing  presses,  with  the  narrow  income  and  narrowing  credit  of  THE  WORLD,  stipulated 
that  before  the  new  press  left  the  Hoe  shops  Mr.  Pulitzer  should  give  him  a  mortgage  on 
the  entire  plant  in  the  office.  In  violation  of  the  cardinal  principle  of  life  never  to  give 
his  note  or  other  obligation  to  any  man,  Mr,  Pulitzer  assented.  Long  before  the  new,  largest 
and  fastest  press  was  completed  a  second  was  ordered,  and  was  necessary.  Mr.  Hoe 
repudiated  his  own  bargain  and  refused  to  accept  the  mortgage.  From  that  day  to  this 
the  greatest  printing  press  makers  in  the  world  have  been  kept  busy  studying  and  inventing 
larger,  faster  presses  to  accomplish  the  task  of  printing  the  constantly  growing  editions  of 
THE  WORLD.  The  first  "quadruple  press"  ever  built  was  for  THE  WORLD.  The 
biggest  "sextuple"  was  designed  immediately  after,  and  then  the  mammoth  "octuple  presses" 
■were  invented  for  THE  WORLD.  They  were  too  big  for  any  newspaper  but  THE  WORLD 
at  the  time,  but  were  not  quite  as  fast  as  were  needed  to  print  the  "foremost  New  York 
newspaper,"   grown  in   circulation  from  less  than  20,000  to  nearly  1,000,000  per  day. 

THE  BIRTH  OF  THE  PULITZER  BUILDING. 

The  wonderful  growth  of  THE  WORLD  soon  made  the  securing  of  more  ample  quarters 


\ 


The    World.  ^1 


a  necessity.  To  meet  this  fteed  Mr.  Pulitzer  purchased  on  April  10,  18S8,  for  $630,000  what 
was  then  known  as  the  French's  Hotel  property,  long  the  site  of  a  famous  hostelry,  on  which 
stands  the  magnificent  home  of  THE  WORLD.  The  spot  is  historic,  and  its  occupancy  can 
be  tr:icGd  to  1642,  when  one  Van  de  Grist  and  Govert  Loockerman,  of  New  Amsterdam,  were 
g^ranted  a  large  tract  of  land  which  included  this  property.  Loockerman's  daughter  Elsie, 
alter  having  been  for  some  years  the  wife  of  Peter  Corneilson  Vanderveer  (who  built  the 
first  three-masted  schooner  and  the  first  brick  building  in  Manhattan  Island),  became  a 
widow,  and  later  married  Jacob  Leisler,  who  grew  rich  and  influential,  but  who  mixed  in 
politics  until  he  was  accused  of  treason,  and  died  on  a  gibbet  erected  where  the  Pulitzer 
Building  now  towers.  Leisler's  property  was  confiscated  and  was  later  restored  to  his 
heirs,  the  stigma  of  treason  against  him  having  been  removed.  In  Revolutionary  days  the 
old  commons-  opposite  the  Pulitzer  Building  were  the  scene  of  many  stirring  gatherings, 
and  history  now  fixes  them  with  reasonable  accuracy  as  the  place  where  Xathan  Hale, 
regretting  that  he  had  but  one  life  to  give  for  his  country,  was  hanged  by  the  Bi'itish  as 
a  spy.  Tammany's  first  hall  was  built  in  ISll  on  the  corner  of  Nassau  and  Frankfort 
streets,  the  site  adjoining  that  of  the  Pulitzer  Building.  In  1849  French's  Hotel  was 
opened  and  was  continued  until  Mr.  Pulitzer  bought  the  property  and  demolished  the  noted 
structure  to  make  place  for  the  Pulitzer  Building  of  to-day,  an  edifice  largely  designed 
by  Mr.  Pulitzer. 

The  preliminary  work  for  the  foundations  of  the  new  structure  was  begun  on  June  20, 
1889.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  on  October  10,  1889,  by  Master  Joseph  Pulitzer,  jr.,  then 
four  years  old.  Bishop  Tuttle,  of  Missouri,  made  the  invocation,  and  Chauncey  M.  Depew 
delivered  the  oration.  Gov.  David  B.  Hill,  Daniel  Dougherty  and  others  made  addresses. 
From  Mr.  Pulitzer,  who  was  ill  at  "Wiesbaden,  Germany,  came  the  following  cablegram, 
which  was  read: 

"God  grant  that  this  structure  be  the  enduring  home  of  a  newspaper  forever  unsatisfied 
with  merely  printing  news — forever  fighting  every  form  of  wrong;  forever  independent; 
forever  advancing  in  enlightenment  and  progress;  forever  wedded  to  truly  democratic 
ideas;  forever  aspiring  to  be  a  moi'al  force;  forever  rising  to  a  higher  pla^e  of  perfection 
as   a   public   institution. 

"God  grant  that  THE  WORLD  may  forever  strive  toward  the  highest  ideals;  be  bot'a 
a  daily  school-house  and  a  daily  forum;  both  a  daily  teacher  and  a  daily  tribune;  an  instru- 
ment of  justice;  a  terror  to  crime;  an  aid  to  education;  an  exponent  of  true  Americanism. 

"Let  it  ever  be  remembered  that  this  edifice  owes  its  existence  to  the  public;  that  its 
architect  is  popular  favor;  that  its  moral  corner-stone  is  love  of  liberty  and  justice;  that 
its  every  stone  comes  from  the  people  and  represents  public  approval  for  public  services 
rendered. 

"God  forbid  that  the  vast  army  following  the  standard  of  THE  WORLD  should  in  this 
or  in  future  generations  ever  find  it  faithless  to  those  ideas  and  moral  principles  to  which 
alone  it  owes  its  life  and  without  which  I  would  rather  have  it  perish.  ^ 

"JOSEPH  PULITZER." 

The  readers  of  THE  WORLD  to-day  who  were  its  readers  twenty-five  years  ago  know 
how  well  Mr.  Pulitzer's  fervent  prayer,  flashed  under  the  Atlantic,  has  been  answered. 
The  aim  of  THE  WORLD  has  never  changed.  The  army  that  followed  it  then  has  grown 
to  mightj'  legions,  and  is  still  growing.  Where  THE  WORLD  is  willing  to  lead,  millions 
are  always  glad  to  go,  because  they  have  faith  in  THE  WORLD  and  THE  WORLD  has 
faith   in   them. 

On  December  10,  1890,  occurred  the  formal  opening  of  the  Pulitzer  Building  in  the  pres- 
ence of  the  most  notable  assemblage  that  ever  came  together  for  such  a  purpose.  Among 
those  present  were  Governor  Hill,  of  New  York;  Governor  Beaver,  of  Pennsylvania;  Gov- 
ernor Abbett,  of  New  Jersey;  Governor  Bulkeiey,  of  Connecticut;  Governor  Campbell,  of 
Ohio;  Governor  Davis,  of  Rhode  Island;  Governor-elect  Amsden,  of  New  Hampshire;  Gov- 
ernor-elect Morris,  of  Connecticut,  and  Governor-elect  Pattison,  of  Pennsylvania;  Senator 
Calvin  A.  Brice,  Congressmen  Mills,  McMillin.  Blount,  Crisp.  Wilson,  Tarnsey.  Caruth, 
Springer,  Flower,  Allen,  Cooper,  Turner,  McCarthy,  Dunphy,  Cummings  and  Fitch;  Mayor 
Grant  and  the  heads  of  the  various  city  departments;  Warner  Miller.  George  W.  Childs. 
Joseph  C.  Hendrix,  Col.  Charles  H.  Taylor,  and  many  other  eminent  men.  Irrespective  of 
political  affiliations,  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  In  all,  some  7,000  persons  inspected 
the  great  building  that  night,  being  guided  through  it  by  members  of  the  staff  of  THE 
WORLD,  a  collation  being  served  in  the  reception-rooms  on  one  of  the  upper  floors. 

The    speech-making    included   addresses   by    Governors    Hill,    Abbett,    Beaver,    Campbell 


^Yl  '-The    VtorU. 


'2^ 

Davis  and  Bulkeley,  Governors-elect  Pattison  dnd  Amsden,  Mayor  Grant.  Daniel  Douffh- 
erty.  Colonel  Taylor,  of  the  Boston  Globe,  Murat  Halstead,  Warhet  Miller.  St.  Clair  McKel- 
way,  and  Congressmen  Flower,  Mills,  McMillin,  Wilson,  Caruth,  Allen,  Cooper  and  Turner, 
and  Judge  Manson,  of  St.  Liouls. 

Since  that  memorable  early  Winter  day  seventeen  years  ago  the  Pulitzer  Building  has 
been  visited  by  people  from  every  clime,  and  hundreds  of  thousands  have  viewed  from  its 
dome  the  marvellous  panorama  stretching  in  all  directions,  and  have  also  witnessed  in 
THE  WORLD'S  various  departments  the  making  of  a  great  newspaper. 

THE  NEW  W^ORLD'S   FIRST  ACCOMPLISHMENT. 

As  hundreds  of  thousands  of  eyes  daily  turn  with  admiring  gaze  to  the  Bartholdi  Statue 
of  Liberty  Enlightening  the  World  In  New  York  Harbor,  and  as  millions  of  eyes  daily  see 
the  emblem  chosen  nearly  twenty-five  years  ago  to  fittingly  grace  the  first  page  of  THE 
WORLD,  older  readers  remember  with  pride  the  incident  which  gave  THE  WORLD  the 
proud  right  to  adopt  this  emblem — an  incident  of  international  interest. 

Three  days  after  Mr.  Pulitzer  had  assumed  control,  THE  WORLD  attempted  to 
raise  funds  by  a  popular  subscription  to  build  a  pedestal  for  the  Bartholdi  Statue,  the 
beautiful  and  colossal  bronze  figure  given  by  the  people  of  France  to  the  people  of  America 
as  a  token  of  endearing  friendship  between  two  liberty  loving  nations.  The  American  com- 
mittee had  failed  to  arouse  the  public  from  apathy  as  to  the  project,  and  the  press  sneered 
at  the  situation.  THE  "WORLD'S  early  efforts  also  failed,  as  its  limited  circulation  did 
not  reach  the  masses,  which  it  was  confident  would  respond  when  called  upon  to  aid  so 
patriotic  and  worthy  a  cause.  Twenty  months  later,  on  March  16,  1SS5,  it  again  took  up 
the  work  with  energy,  being  able  to  appeal  to  thousands  where  it  had  before  appealed  to 
hundreds.  The  rich  had  remained  indifferent  and  failed  to  contribute,  but  in  four  months, 
through  THE  WORLD,  the  people  gave  more  than  $100,000,  which  represented  the  free-will 
offerings  of  120,000  men,  women  and  children.  With  this  money  was  built  the  noble 
pedestal,  on  which  "Liberty"  has  stood  for  nearly  twenty- two  years  at  the  gate  of 
the  nation's  metropolis.  The  inauguration  ceremonies  on  October  22,  1S86,  were 
attended  by  President  Cleveland  and  his  Cabinet,  the  Governors  of  many  States,  members 
of  diplomatic  corps,  and  many  distinguished  American  guests;  also  by  a  notable  deputation 
from  France,  including  M.  Auguste  Bartholdi,  the  statue's  creator;  Count  Ferdinand  de 
Lesseps,  Admiral  Jaures,  General  Pelissier  and  other  high  representatives  of  French  official 
and  civil  life.  There  was  a  naval  parade  in  the  harbor  and  a  huge  land  parade,  the  latter 
being  reviewed  by  President  Cleveland  and  the  French  guests  at  Madison  Square.  On 
Bedloe's  Island,  the  site  of  the  statue.  Count  de  Lesseps,  on  behalf  of  the  Franco- American 
Union,  made  an  address.  Senator  William  M.  Evarts  made  the  presentation  speech,  and 
President  Cleveland  the  speech  of  acceptance.  The  French  plenipotentiary,  M.  Lefaivre, 
also  made  an  address,  and  the  commemorative  oration  was  by  Chauncey  M.  Depew.  The 
Rev.  Dr.  R.  S.  Starrs  offered  a  prayer,  and  the  benediction  was  pronounced  by  Bishop 
Henry  C.  Potter. 

THE    ELECTION    OF    CLEVELAND    AS    PRESIDENT. 

The  most  striking  example  of  THE  WORLD'S  loyalty  to  Democratic  tenets  at  a  time 
when  such  an  illustration  was  sadly  needed  was  its  advocacy  of  the  nomination  of  Grover 
Cleveland,  then  Governor  of  New  York,  by  the  National  Democratic  Convention  for  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Pulitzer,  realizing  that  a  turning  point  in  natioaal  history 
had  been  reached,  and  that  opportunity  for  success  was  knocking  at  every  true  Democratic 
door,  had.  before  obtaining  control  of  THE  WORLD,  steadily  urged  in  his  St.  Louis  Post- 
Dispatch  the  nomination  of  Cleveland.  The  new  WORLD,  daily  gaining  influence  in  New 
York,  found  itself  bitterly  opposed  in  its  Cleveland  attitude  by  John  Kelly,  of  New  York, 
Tammany  Hall  and  others  to  whom  the  independence  of  Governor  Cleveland  was  decidedly 
distasteful.  Nothing  daunted,  THE  WORLD  threw  down  the  gauntlet  and  followed  its 
challenge  with  a  vigorous  battle  for  Cleveland's  nomination. 

■John  Kelly  declared  that  Tammany  Hall  would  not  attempt  to  help  elect  Cleveland  if 
he  was  nominated.  THE  WORLD  said  Kelly  did  not  mean  what  he  said  and  continued  its 
fight.  When  Samuel  J.  Tilden  was  the  Democratic  leader  and  Cleveland  was  Mayor  of 
Buffalo  THE  WORLD  had  picked  Cleveland  as  Tilden's  logical  successor  and  as  a  Presi- 
dential candadate,  and  it  did  not  propose  to  strike  its  colors  to  Tammany.  Kelly's  threat, 
however,  had  influenced  delegates  from  other  States,  as  Kelly  was  the  New  York  leader, 
and  they  felt  that  success  in  New  York  was  a  vital  necessity.     THE  WORLD  took  upon 


The    World.  23 

itself  the  task  of  disproving  Kelly's  statement,  exposed  the  pretence  that  Tilden  opposed 
Cleveland,  and  brought  forth  every  item  of  evidence  to  show  that  Cleveland,  by  bis  steady 
independence  of  the  party  bosses,  had  made  himself  the  strongest  man  in  the  State  before 
the  people. 

On  the  eve  of  the  National  Convention  THE  WORLD  told  why  it  favored  the  inde- 
pendent Governor  for  President  in  au  editorial  under  the  head,  "Why  THE  WORLD  Likes 
Cleveland."     It  said: 

"He  is  a  poor  man. 

"He  came  from  plain,  common  people. 

"He  has  no  so-called  aristocratic  lineage  or  illustrious  ancestors,  but  OWes  everything 
he  is  to  his  own  efforts  and  own  character. 

"He  has  clean  hands  and  a  spotless  record. 

"He  is  a  poor  politician,  because  an  absolutely  honest  reformer. 

"He  has  no  lifelong  political  i-ecord  to  defend." 

Mr.  Pulitzer's  heart  and  soul  were  in  this  first  great  public  service  to  the  whole 
American  people,  and  he  went  to  the  convention  as  a  reporter  for  his  own  paper,  and  his 
graphic  dispatches  from  the  convention  scene  gave  primacy  to  THE  WORLD'S  reports. 

The  New  York  delegation  had  been  divided  by  the  State  convention  between  Tammany 
Hall  and  its  ti-aditional  opponents,  but  the  persistent  work  of  THE  WORLD  finally  brought 
the  opposing  camps  together  to  cast  the  entire  vote  of  the  Empire  State  for  Cleveland, 
Insuring  his  nomination. 

It  has  always  been  generally  conceded  that  THE  WORLD,  more  than  any  other  agency, 
contributed  to  Cleveland's  success.  From  convention  day  to  election  day  it  was  persistent, 
insistent  and  indefatigable  in  Cleveland's  behalf.  History  has  told  how  Cleveland  won 
by  a  narrow  margin  after  what  was  perhaps  the  fiercest  campaign  ever  waged  in  the 
United  States.  A  change  of  700  votes  in  New  York  State  would  have  elected  James  G. 
Blaine.  Mr.  Blaine  frankly  expressed  the  belief,  after  the  election,  that  the  use  instantly 
made  by  THE  WORLD  of  the  millionaires'  banquet  to  him,  which  it  cartooned  as 
"Belshazzar's  Feast,"  and  of  the  tactless  "Rum,  Romanism  and  Rebellion"  speech  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Burchard  on  the  eve  of  election  influenced  far  more  than  enough  votes  in  this 
city  to  decide   the  result. 

Writing  to  the  twentieth  anniversary  number  of  THE  WORLD,  Mr.  Cleveland  said: 

"The  New  York  WORLD  is  just  closing  twenty  years  of  work  under  its  present  owner- 
ship and  management.  I  have  quite  often  differed  with  it  very  broadly,  both  as  to  things 
advocated  and  its  methods  of  advocacy.  It  has  condemned  and  still  deprecates  some  of  my 
public  and  official  acts  which  to  the  day  of  my  death  I  shall  recall  with  the  greatest  satis- 
faction, and  though  it  has  quite  recently  dealt  with  me  in  such  a  kind  and  partial  manner 
as  to  challenge  my  grateful  appreciation,  even  in  this  I  must  insist  that  to  some  extent  at 
least  it  has  been  led  away  from  a  correct  estimate  of  actual  conditions. 

"I  would,  however,  be  ashamed  if  any  differences  between  us  made  it  difficult  for  me 
to  cheerfully  testify  to  the  notable  service  which  this  great  newspaper  has  rendered  within 
the  last  twenty  years  to  the  cause  of  Democracy.  Concerning  this  I  can  speak  largely  from 
personal  knowledge  and  observation.  I  never  can  lose  the  vividness  of  my  recollection  of 
the  conditions  and  incidents  attending  the  Presidential  campaign  of  1SS4,  how  thoroughly 
Republicanism  was  intrenched,  how  brilliantly  it  was  led,  how  arrogant  it  was,  and  how 
confidently  it  encouraged  and  aided  a  contingent  of  deserters  from  the  Democratic  ranks. 
And  I  recall  not  less  vividly  how  brilliantly  and  sturdily  THE  WORLD  then  fought  for 
Democracy;  and  in  this,  the  first  of  its  great  party  fights  under  present  ownership,  it  was 
here,  thei-e  and  everywhere  in  the  field,  showering  deadly  blows  upon  the  enemy.  It  was 
steadfast  in  zeal  and  untiring  in  effort  until  t-he  battle  was  won;  and  it  was  won  against 
such  odds  and  by  so  slight  a  margin  as  to  reasonably  lead  to  the  belief  that  no  contributing 
aid  could  have  been  safely  spared.  At  any  rate,  the  contest  was  so  close  it  may  be  said 
without  reservation  that  if  it  had  lacked  the  forceful  and  potent  advocacy  of  Democracy 
at  that  time  by  the  New  York  WORLD  the  result  might  have  been  reversed." 

Daniel  S.  Lament,  private  secretary  to  Grover  Cleveland,  Secretary  of  War  in  the  second 
Cleveland  Administration  and  manager  of  Mr,  Cleveland's  earlier  campaign,  contributed 
this  "appreciation"  of  THE  WORLD'S  part  in  the  Cleveland  Presidential  campaign  of  1884; 
"In  the  campaign  THE  WORLD  was  the  great  Democratic  newspaper  in  New  York 
City  battling  for  Mr.  Cleveland's  election.  It  took  the  lead  in  the  fight.  Mr.  Pulitzer 
jpereonally  participated  in  the  campaign,  and  in  the  result,  which  was  decided  by  a  narrov^ 


24  The    World. 


margin  of  600  votes,  too  much  credit  cannot  be  given  THE  WORLD,     It  bore  the  leading 
share  among  the  newspapers." 

OTHER  NOTABLE  POLITICAL  CAMPAIGNS. 

Five  days  after  Mr.  Pulitzer  assumed  direction  of  THE  WORLD  he  commenced,  in  a 
leading  editorial,  a  fight  for  an  income  tax,  declaring  it  to  be  "the  fairest  and  most  demo- 
cratic tax  a  government  can  impose,"  and  saying:  "An  income  tax  exempting  incomes 
below  $4,000  or  $5,000  could  not  touch  anybody  to  whom  payment  could  be  a  serious  burden." 
Many  newspapers  and  individuals  denounced  this  new  idea  as  revolutionary  and  socialistic. 
THE  WORLD,  however,  patiently  and  forcefully  urged  it  as  "essentially  a  people's  tax." 
and  slowly  but  surely  the  proposition  grew  in  popular  favor,  until  eleven  years  afterward 
President  Cleveland  signed  a  law  providing  for  just  such  an  income  tax  as  THE  WORLD 
had  advocated  for  more  than  a  decade.  The  friends  of  this  law  praised  THE  WORLD  for 
having  secured  its  passage  by  Congress,  and  the  enemies  of  the  new  statute  were  severe  in 
their  criticism,  blaming  THE  WORLD  for  their  defeat  and  thus  paying  it  a  high  compli- 
ment. The  United  States  Supreme  Court,  by  a  vote  of  5  to  4,  declared  the  law  unconsti- 
tutional because  of  its  construction.  Subsequent  Congresses  have  been  hostile  to  a  revival 
of  the  measure  in  constitutional  form,  but  THE  WORLD'S  attitude  remains  unchanged,  and 
THE  WORLD  believes  that  the  day  is  not  far  distant  when  an  income  tax  will  add  to  the 
nation's  revenues  and  permit  a  reduction  of  other  taxes. 

When  Judge  Maynard  was  nominated  for  the  Court  of  Appeals  he  had  been  guilty  of  a 
gross  offence  to  the  law  by  abstracting  an  election  return  from  the  Secretary  of  State's 
office  two  years  before  in  the  interest  of  a  political  master.  THE  WORLD  began  the 
agitation  in  favor  of  "taking  the  bench  out  of  politics  and  politics  out  of  the  bench."  It 
called  upon  the  people  to  defend  the  honor  of  the  State  and  preserve  the  purity  of  the 
bench  by  defeating  Maynard.     And  they  did  defeat  him  by  a  majority  of  101,000  votes. 

So  firmly  had  this  WORLD  idea  of  a  non-political  bench  since  become  fixed  in  the 
public  mind  that  when  the  Republicans  refused  to  indorse  the  renomination  of  Judge  Gray 
in  1902,  although  their  candidate  was  an  exceptionally  good  man,  he  was  defeated,  and 
that  at  an  election  when  the  rest  of  the  Republican  ticket  was  successful. 

With  an  earnestness  that  commanded  the  respect  of  the  thinking  men  of  the  land,  THE 
WORLD  used  its  utmost  power  to  avert  the  growth  of  the  free  silver  movement,  and  when 
the  Chicago  National  Convention,  in  a  fit  of  hysterics,  nominated  William  J.  Bryan,  THE 
WORLD,  which  during  all  its  eighty-three  years  of  existence  had  never  supported  any  but 
Democratic  candidates  for  President,  refused  to  yield  to  popular  hysteria  and  repudiated 
both  Bryan  and  free  silver.  It  declared  that  "the  proposal  to  debase  the  currency  to  the 
standard  of  a  few  half-civilized  countries  against  the  standard  and  experiences  of  the  most 
enlightened  nations  cannot  stand  the  trial  of  a  four  months'  discussion."  In  the  face  of 
great  party  enthusiasm,  and  with  great  financial  loss  involved,  it  made  an  uncompromising 
campaign  against  political  heresy,  a  heresy  which  meant  national  disaster  and  disgrace. 
THE  WORLD  put  country  above  party  and  won.  And  it  foretold  in  "A  Judicial  Forecast" 
on  October  21,  two  weeks  before  election,  the  exact  result  in  the  Electoral  College,  naming 
the  States  that  were   "certain  for  McKinley." 

THE  WORLD  predicted  the  nomination  of  President  Roosevelt  to  succeed  himself  in 
1904,  and  urged  the  nomination  of  Grover  Cleveland  as  the  logical  candidate  to  oppose  him 
and  as  the  only  man  likely  to  defeat  Roosevelt.  When,  instead,  Judge  Alton  B.  Parker  was 
nominated,  THE  WORLD,  while  it  supported  him  as  the  Democi-atic  standard-bearer,  read 
and  truthfully  reflected  the  signs  of  the  hour  and  never  prognosticated  his  success.  It  fought 
for  him  on  principle,  regardless  of  result,  recognizing  no  connection  between  political  success 
and  moral  convictions.  Toward  President  Roosevelt  THE  WORLD  has  always  been  fair, 
while  opposing  much  that  he  has  stood  for  most  conspicuously  as  his  party  leader.  It 
praised  him  for  maintaining  the  peace  in  Venezuela,  defended  his  hospitality  to  Booker  T. 
Washington,  applauded  his  independence  in  the  Northern  Securities  warfare,  and  has  sup- 
ported him  whenever  his  attitude  or  achievement  in  the  interests  of  the  public  have  deserved 

commendation. 

A  GREAT  INTERNATIONAL  SERVICE  BY  THE  WORLD, 

The  consistencyM)f  THE  WORLD  in  its  never-ending  fight  against  jingoism  and  the 
splendid  results  of  sticking  to  its  colors  was  demonstrated  in  189.5,  when  stern  duty  to  itself 
and  to  humanity  compelled  it  to  instantly  and  passionately  oppose  President  Cleveland's 
attitude  in  the  Venezuelan  crisis.  It  saw  his  serious  error  and  the  unhappy  consequences 
tQ  whiQh  U  rpjfht  speedily  lead.    It  mattered  cot  tbat  THE  WORLD  had  done  so  mucji 


The    World.  25 


toward  twice  making  Mr.  Cleveland  President.  His  message  to  Congress  had  aroused  a 
war  clamor  contrary  to  reason  and  common-sense,  and  there  was  grave  danger  that  America 
and  Great  Britain  might  become  engaged  in  conflict.  The  voice  of  the  jingoes  here  and  in 
England  grew  daily  louder— raving  for  war— because  of  a  boundary  dispute  between  Vene- 
zuela and  Great  Britain.  THE  WORLD  called  the  message  "a  grave  blunder,"  and  declared 
that  Cleveland  had  falsely  interpreted  the  Monroe  Doctrine.  He  had  asked  the  Senate  for  a 
commission  to  settle  the  dispute  which  he  had  not  been  asked  to  settle.  The  paper  appealed 
to  the  sanity  and  common-sense  of  the  people,  and  its  editor  sent  500  cable  and  telegraphic 
messages  to  the  leaders  of  thought  in  the  British  Isles  and  in  America.  Next  day  it  pub- 
lished responses  from  the  leading  public  men,  prelates  and  statesmen  of  England,  messages 
of  peace  and  good  will.  Gladstone  said,  "Only  common-sense  is  necessary."  The  Prince 
of  Wales,  now  King  Edward  VII.,  forsook  traditions  of  royal  etiquette  and  addressed  a 
friendly  message  to  America  through  THE  WORLD,  expressing  his  hope  of  a  peaceful  settle- 
ment of  the  imbroglio.  Pea,ce  was  restored,  and  the  plaudits  and  thank  offerings  of  the 
whole  English-speaking  race  poured  in  upon  THE  WORLD  for  staying  the  hands  of  the  two 
nations  just  ready  to  imbrue  them  in  each  other's  blood.  Mr.  Cleveland's  Venezuelan 
commission  made  no  report.  The  dispute  was  arbitrated,  and  England  and  America  joined 
in  organizing  an  International  Court  of  Arbitration. 

THE  WORLD'S  service  in  averting  "bloody  v/ar"  was  recognized  by  the  Peace  and  Arbi- 
tration Societies  of  Great  Britain,  and  in  evidence  of  the  gratitude  of  that  portion  of  the 
Englisn-speaking  people  who  live  in  the  British  realm  for  that  service  these  societies 
waited  upon  Mr,  Joseph  Pulitzer,  then  in  London,  and  presented  an  address  to  him,  the 
late  Cardinal  Vaughan  being  the  spokesman. 

Of  THE  WORLD'S  fight  Joseph  Chamberlain  said: 

"THE  WORLD  led  public  thought  when  it  secured  expressions  of  opinion  from  the 
leading  men  of  America  and  Great  Britain.  It  performed  an  inestimable  service  to  the 
Snglish-speaking  people  of  the  whole  world." 

The  cause  of  universal  arbitration  was  far  advanced  by  the  trium.ph  thus  won,  and 
hastened  the  movement  which  culminated  in  the  establishment  of  the  International  Arbitra- 
tion Commission  at  The  Hague. 

NATIONAL    CREDIT    RESTORED    BY    THE    WORLD. 

On  another  vitally  impoi-tant  occasion  in  1S95,  when  THE  WORLD  realized  that  the 
bond  policy  of  President  Cleveland  was  inimical  to  the  interests  of  the  people,  it  did  not 
hesitate  to  show  the  President's  error.  THE  WORLD  still  classes  among  its  greatest 
triumphs  its  action  at  that  time  in  the  smashing  of  the  "bond  ring"  and  the  restoration 
of  the  national  credit  by  turning  the  searchlights  of  "publicity"  upon  the  project  of  the 
Administration  to  sell  $100,000,000  worth  of  bonds  to  the  Morgan  syndicate  of  capitalists  at 
a  figure  many  millions  lower  than  similar  bonds  were  held  at  in  the  market  was  one  of 
THE  WORLD'S  greatest  triumphs. 

It  was  announced  from  V.'ashrngton  that  this  issue  of  4  per  cent,  bonds  had  been  sold 
in  bulk  to  the  Morgan  syndicate  "at  about  the  same  price"  paid  for  an  issue  of  $0.3.300,000 
worth  the  year  before.  The  country  was  shocked,  for  THE  WORLD  had  pointed  out  that 
these  bonds,  sold  to  the  same  syndicate  at  104%,  were  quoted  on  tlie  market  at  IIS  or  more, 
and  the  new  bonds  would  surely  bring  as  much.  The  sale,  as  planned,  would  not  only 
involve  a  gi-eat  loss  to  the  Treasury,  but  the  very  suggestion  impaired  the  national  credit 
at  home  and  abroad.  It  printed  "An  Appeal  to  the  President."  It  showed  him  the  nature  • 
of  the  blunder  he  was  making,  and  entreated  him  to  abandon  the  arrangement  and  "trust 
the  people,"  offering  the  bonds  to  them,  assuring  him  that  the  people  would  quickly  sub- 
scribe for  the  whole  issue  and  pay  a  higher  price  for  them.  In  evidence  of  its  own  faith  in 
the  people  THE  WORLD  pledged  itself  to  take  $1,000,000  worth  at  the  highest  market 
price.  THE  WORLD  stood  alone  for  fourteen  days  in  defence  of  the  nation's  honor  and 
credit,  printing  from  thirty  to  forty  columns  daily  of  arguments  and  appeals.  It  sent  mes- 
sages to  10.370  bankers  In  all  parts  of  the  country.  It  received  7,130  replies,  offering  to 
take  more  than  $300,000,000  in  bonds  at  the  market  price.  That  settled  it.  President  Cleve- 
land rejected  the  syndicate's  contract.  The  "bond  ring"  was  smashed.  The  bonds  were 
offered  at  public  sale,  and  the  people  bid  for  almost  six  times  the  amount  of  the  Issue,  or, 
to  be  precise,  wanted  to  buy  not  $1,000,000  worth  of  bonds,  but  $558,269,850.  Over  800  bids 
at  110  or  better  were  received,  whcre*Mr.  Morgan  had  offered  only  1041^.  The  head  of  the 
smashed  syndicate  betrayed  the  "deal"  by  bidding  110.6877  for  all  or  any  part  of  the  Issue— 
$6,000,000  more  than  his  syndicate  would  have  paid  under  the  "arrangement."  The  whole 
issue   was  disposed   of  at  an   average   price   of  nearly   112,   netting  $6,888,836   more   to   the 


Se  The    WorU. 


Treasury  than  would  have  been  received  had  the  secret  deal  been  consummated.  THE 
WORLD  kept  its  promise,  taking  $1,000,000  worth  of  the  bonds  and  paying  $1,130,000  in 
gold  for  them. 

THE    WORLD    AND    THE    BOER    WAR. 

Following  its  splendid  victory  in  the  cause  of  peace  and  arbitration  in  the  Venezuelan 
boundary  controversy,  THE  WORLD  was  the  guiding  spirit  in  an  effort  to  avert  the  South 
African  conflict  in  1900.  On  September  27,  1889,  President  Krugcr,  in  THE  WORLD, 
summed  the  issues  from  the  Boer  viewpoint  and  alleged  that  the  crisis  was  due  to  certain 
British  residents  "to  whom  the  very  existence  of  the  republic  is  an  eyesore,"  and  who,  not 
content  with  the  best  mining  laws  in  the  world,  wished  also  to  have  complete  control  of 
legislation  and  administration,  the  destruction  of  the  republic,  and  complete  control  of  the 
richest  mines  in  the  world."  He  concluded  sadly  that  "we  have  no  such  powerful  friend 
as  you  proved  to  be  to  Venezuela  and  other  republics.  We  have  strong  faith  that  the 
cause  of  freedom  and  republicanism  will  triumph  in  the  end."  THE  WORLD  cabled  Presi- 
dent Kruger's  message  in  full  to  Joseph  Chamberlain,  British  Secretary  for  the  Colonies, 
who  was  quick  to  reply  with  a  reference  to  the  British  Blue  Book  for  his  side  of  the 
controversy. 

President  Kruger  answered  through  THE  WORLD  that  his  Government  had  ever  been 
ready  to  submit  the  dispute  to  arbitration,  and  suggested  that  a  board  of  arbitration  be 
selected,  two  members  by  England,  two  by  the  Transvaal,  and  the  fifth, by  the  President 
of  the  United  States  or  the  President  of  Switzerland,  concluding  with:  "We  have  yielded 
everything  but  the  life  of  the  republic.  We  wish  most  earnestly  for  arbitration  to  prevent  a 
war  which  would  be  an  outrage  against  religion  and  humanity." 

THE  WORLD  immediatelj'  set  going  the  movement  for  arbitration,  which  resulted  in 
the  most  powerful  petition  ever  drawn  to  President  McKinley,  asking  him  to  offer  the 
kindly  offices  of  the  American  Government  in  mediation  of  the  dispute  which  had  reached 
a  stage  that  threatened  the  existence  of  two  sister  republics. 

President  Steyn,  of  the  Orange  Free  State,  cabled  his  grateful  indorsement  of  THE 
WORLD'S  effort  for  peace  and  urging  the  necessity  for  speedy  action. 

Premier  W.  R.  Schreiner,  of  the  British  Cape  Colony,  cabled  from  Cape  Town  his  appre- 
ciation and  sympathy  with  the  movement  for  a  peaceful  settlement  of  the  South  African 
difficulties. 

Archbishop  Croke  cabled:     "Avert  war  by  all  honorable  means." 

Cardinal  Logue  said:     "I  am  most  anxious  for  peace." 

The  Archbishop  of  York,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Right  Hon.  Leonard  Courteney, 
M.  P.;  Michael  Davitt,  and  other  prelates,  statesmen  and  public  men  of  England,  indorsed 
THE  WORLD'S  effort  to  secure  peace,  while  the  signers  of  the  petition  to  President 
McKinley  in  this  country  made  it  the  most  formidable  document  of  the  kind  and  of  the  most 
representative  feeling  since  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  Among  the  signers  were 
ex-Senators  George  F.  Edmunds  and  John  Sherman,  Archbishop  Ireland,  Gen.  O.  O.  Howard, 
President  Jordan,  of  Leland  Stanford  L^niversity;  Donald  G.  Mitchell;  Mayor  Phelan,  of 
San  Francisco;  President  Warren,  of  Boston  University;  Frederic  R.  Coudert,  ex- Vice- 
President  Adlai  E.  Stevenson,  ex-Senators  Manderson  and  Ingalls.  ex-Iiepresentative  Breck- 
inridge, John  P.  Altgeld,  Augustus  Van  Wyck,  William,  B.  Hornblower,  Ernest  H.  Crosby, 
T.  Estrada  Palma,  Carl  Schurz,  Horace  Boies,  J.  Sterling  Morton,  Archbishops  Kain  and 
Christie  and  sixteen  Bishops  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  Bishops  Potter,  Dudley. 
Whittle,  Hare  and  fourteen  other  Protestant  Episcopal  Bishops,  ninety  university  and  college 
presidents,  forty  Federal  and  State  judges,  the  Governors  of  thirty-five  States,  one  hundred 
and  eight  Senators  and  Congressmen,  State  officers,  mayors,  editors,  clergymen,  lawyers, 
business  and  professional  men,  and  thousands  of  others  of  lesser  note.  After  this  petition 
had  been  indorsed  by  a  great  mass  meeting  in  Carnegie  Hall,  New  York,  the  paper  was 
taken  by  a  representative  delegation  to  President  McKinley,  who  declined  to  offer  his 
services  as  mediator  unless  formally  asked  to  do  so  by  the  disputants.  President  Kruger, 
fearing  further  delay,  then  boldly  warned  England  that  unless  troops  were  withdrawn  by  a 
fixed  hour  war  would  begin,  and  served  notice  to  civilization  through  THE  WORLD  in 
words  that  have  already  become  historic: 

"The  republics  are  determined  that  if  they  must  belong  to  England,  a  price  will  be  paid 
which  will  stagger  humanity." 

Then  came  the  clash  of  arms.  Having  done  all  it  could  to  avert  the  war,  THE 
WORLD  now  turned  its  attention  to  its  next  highest  duty— that  of  presenting  the  earliest, 
most  graphic  and  complete  report  of  each  movement  in  the  war.     It  retained  Lieut.  Winstoo 


The    World.  27 


spencer  Churchill,  the  talented  son  of  Lord  and  Lady  Randolph  Churchill,  with  the  Ameri- 
can blood  of  the  Jex-omes  in  his  veins,  as  its  special  correspondent  in  the  field. 

It  presented  to  its  readers  an  immense  map  of  the  section  of  South  Africa  which  was 
the  scene  of  the  conflict,  with  carefully  compiled  descriptive  statistics  of  the  country.  It 
printed  comprehensive  articles  on  Cecil  Rhodes,  the  uncrowned  diamond  king  and  maker 
of  modern  Africa;  the  war  itself,  by  Lieutenant-General  Schofield;  the  ai-ms  and  marks- 
manship of  the  Boers,  by  Maxim,  and  life  in  Boerland,  by  H.  C.  Hillegas,  the  American 
authority  on  South  African  matters.  Lieutenant  Churchill  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  Boers, 
and  E.  F.  Knight,  one  of  the  ablest  war  correspondents  on  earth,  took  his  place,  only  to  be 
wounded  at  the  famous  fight  at  Belmont.  He  heroically  dictated  a  graphic  account  of  that 
babtle,  the  best  account  that  came  over  the  cable.  John  Stuart,  a  third  correspondent  of 
THE  WORLD,  was  cut  off  by  the  Boers  at  Ladysmith.  THE  WORLD  presented  the  fullest 
and  earliest  news  from  the  beginning  of  hostilities. 

THE   SPANISH-AMERICAN  WAR  RECORD. 

During  the  many  months  that  preceded  the  outbreak  of  the  Spanish-American  war 
THE  WORLD  chronicled  the  fullest  and  most  accurate  accounts  of  incidents  in  Cuba's  long 
struggle  for  freedom.  It  published  the  sigrned  statements  of  General  Gomez,  Captain-Gen- 
eral Weyler,  Gen.  Fitzhugh  Lee,  Marshal  Campos,  Sagasta,  Blanco,  Harris  Taylor,  former 
Minister  to  Spain,  Gen.  Julio  Sanguilly,  President  Cisneros  and  others.  It  was  largely 
through  THE  WORLD  that  the  American  people  first  learned  the  truth  about  the  barbaric 
captivity  of  the  reconcentrados  who  were  driven  into  the  Cuban  cities  by  General  Weyler — 
a  condition  which  led  to  diplomatic  notes  between  the  United  States  and  Spain  and  to  an 
offer  of  autonomy  and  greater  liberty  for  Cuba  by  Spain.  THE  WORLD  was  especially 
invoked  by  Cubans  to  make  known  their  terms  and  point  the  way  to  peace.  Marshal 
Campos  expressed  through  THE  WORLD  from  Madrid  his  approval  of  reforms  proposed 
by  Spain.  General  Gomez,  in  THE  Vv^ORLD,  declared  Cuba's  ultimatum— liberty  and  noth- 
ing else.  At  midnight,  on  September  29,  1897,  THE  WORLD  was  the  first  to  inform  Senor 
Dupuy  de  Lome,  the  Spanish  Minister,  of  a  ministerial  crisis  in  Spain.  On  January  12, 
1897,  THE  WORLD,  fifty  days  in  advance  of  any  other  newspaper,  outlined  the  Presi- 
dent's offer  of  mediation,  and  predicted  that  both  Spain  and  Cuba  would  reject  intervention. 
THE  WORLD,  too,  predicted  the  deposing  of  Weyler,  Blanco's  return  to  Cuba,  the  over- 
turning of  the  Azcarraga  ministry,  and  the  organization  of  a  Liberal  Government  in  Spain, 
with  Sagasta  at  its  head. 

During  the  Spanish-American  war  THE  WORLD  easily  led  all  its  competitors.  Its 
average  circulation  through  the  war  was  1,300,000  a  day,  and  during  the  year  5,000,000  a 
week.  In  some  of  the  city  schools  it  was  regarded  as  a  text-book  of  current  history,  its 
great  "beat"  in  giving  the  first  news  of  Dewey's  victory  in  Manila  Bay  will  never  be 
forgotten. 

When  war  with  Spain  was  declared  THE  W^ORLD  called  upon  the  people  of  Greater 
New  York  to  fling  the  starry  banner  of  freedom  to  the  winds  on  an  appointed  day,  and  a 
hundred  thousands  flags  made  the  city  bright  and  beautiful  on  April  21,  1898,  "Flag  Day," 
and  aroused  the  patriotism  of  the  city  to  fighting  pitch.  THE  WORLD  employed  the  finest 
despatch  boat  in  the  service,  the  Triton,  and  in  this  vessel  its  correspondent,  Sj'lvestcr 
Scovel,  performed  most  valuable  scouting  services  for  Admiral  Sampson.  The  steamer  Three 
Friends  was  also  employed  on  many  venturesome  voyages.  THE  WORLD'S  special  war 
correspondents  were  Henry  N.  Cary,  Sylvester  Scovel,  Stephen  Crane,  A.  C.  Kenealy,  F. 
H.  Nichols,  George  Bronson  Rea  and  Charles  H.  Thrall  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  and  E.  W. 
Harden  and  John  Fay  in  Manila.  Some  of  their  achievements  are  treated  elsewhere  In  this 
brief  review  of  THE  WORLD'S  accomplishments.  To  those  stories  may  be  added  these 
incidents:  THE  WORLD  sent  an  expedition  to  Gen.  Maximo  Gomez  with  important 
despatches  and  supplies.  When  the  plaints  of  volunteers  at  Camp  Thomas,  telling  of  hard 
fare  and  no  delicacies,  came  up  from  Chickamauga,  THE  WORLD  headed  a  movement 
which  resulted  in  the  sending  of  a  train  loaded  with  all  sorts  of  comforts  for  the  New 
York  soldiers  in  camp.  The  Spanish  flag  captured  at  Manila,  the  first  trophy  of  the  war, 
was  sent  to  THE  WORLD  and  was  displayed  in  front  of  the  Pulitzer  Building.  Michael 
Davitt,  the  Irish  statesman,  cabled  to  THE  WORLD  his  views  of  England's  attitude 
toward  us.  Gen.  O.  O.  Howard  reported  for  THE  WORLD  from  Camp  Alger.  Gen.  Joe 
Wheeler  wrote  his  description  of  the  Santiago  campaign.  Aguinaldo,  the  leader  of  the 
Filipinos,  addressed  the  American  people  through  THE  WORLD  August  2.'5.  General  Mer- 
ritt  cabled  the  story  of  the  battle  of  Manila  August  26,  and  Admiral  Dewey  expressed 
thanks  to  the  people  for  the  commendation  on  the  .same  day.  General  Shafter  published  an 
exclusive  story  of  hi§  campaign  in  THE  WORLD  of  September  2.     General  Miles  gave  hig 


28  TJie    World. 


story  of  that  affair  to  THE  WORLD  September  S.  Capt.  Charles  E.  Clark,  of  the  Oregon, 
told  how  he  made  the  14,000-mile  sail  around  the  Horn  from  San  Francisco  to  Key  West. 
THE  WORLD  discovered  and  first  revealed  that  an  American  and  an  English  firm  had  sold 
mines  and  the  apparatus  to  operate  them  to  the  Spanish  Government  and  delivered  the 
goods  at  Havana  in  1897.  This,  in  the  face  of  the  Spanish  denial  that  ther.e  ■were  any 
such  appliances  at  Havana.  Admiral  Cervera's  flag  lieutenant  wrote  a  gi-aphic  story  of 
the  last  hours  on  board  the  doomed  Santiago  fleet.  Charles  H.  Thrall,  a  WORLD  corre- 
spondent^ moved  in  and  out  of  Havana  during  the  most  perilous  time  at  the  Cuban  capital, 
bringing  news  of  highest  importance  to  the  American  Government.  Signer  Crispi,  Italy's 
great  statesman,  in  an  exclusive  interview  on  April  26,  said  prophetically:  "It  is  the  end 
of  Spain."  George  Bronson  Rea,  an  intrepid  correspondent  of  THE  WORLD  in  Porto  Rico, 
having  escaped  with  difficulty  to  St.  Thomas,  was  asked  by  cable  how  he  escaped:  "Police 
surveillance,  eluded  vigilance,  midnight,  bicycle,  horse,  coach,  schooner,  smuggler's  boat." 
This  is  a  fair  sample  of  the  chances  taken  in  securing  the  most  important  and  exclusive 
news  for  THE  WORLD.  THE  WORLD  published  an  exact  summary  of  President  McKin- 
ley's  war  message  nearly  two  weeks  before  it  was  delivered  to  Congress,  and,  of  course, 
long  in  advance  of  any  other  paper.  THE  WORLD  sent  submarine  divers  to  Havana  to 
rescue  the  bodies  of  the  American  sailors  in  the  Maine,  but  the  Spanish  authorities  would 
not  allow  them  to  perform  their  mission  of  humanity.  General  Breckinridge  wrote  an 
account  of  the  battle  of  San  Juan  Hill.  Rear-Admiral  Jouett  wrote  a  careful  analysis  of 
the  sea  fight  off  Santiago.  Hassam  Enver  Pasha,  representative  of  the  Turkish  Govern- 
ment at  the  front  in  the  late  war,  and  one  of  Europe's  great  generals,  reviewed  the  war 
for  THE  WORLD  in  a  six-column  article.  Col.  John  Jacob  Astor,  the  forty-millionaire 
patriot  soldier,  wrote  a  personal  narration  of  his  experiences  at  Santiago. 

THE  WORLD  also  sent  to  Camp  Wikoff  sanitary  experts,  who  denounced  the  camp  as 
unhealthy.  It  also  showed  that  the  remodelled  old  hulk  Merrimac,  a  collier  costing  $192,000, 
offered  to  and  rejected  by  the  Auxiliary  Board  in  April,  was  sold  to  the  War  Department 
in  July  for  $342,000,  or  at  an  advance  of  $150,000  over  her  cost,  and  than  towed  into  the 
mouth  of  Santiago  Bay  by  Hobson  and  sunk  as  a  worthless  vessel.  It  exposed  the  method 
of  letting  contracts  for  army  overcoats,  the  winning  firm  being  mulcted  by  go-betweens  in 
the  sum  of  $75,000  for  "influence."  It  showed  that  eleven  times  as  many  men  died  fro:n 
disease  in  the  camps  as  were  killed  in  battle,  and  quoted  eminent  authorities  that  nine 
out  of  every  ten  of  these  deaths  by  disease  might  have  been  avoided  by  the  War  Depart- 
ment. When  the  appointment  of  the  investigation  commission  was  announced  THE 
Vv'ORLD  presented  to  the  commission  "A  Record  of  Facts  Concerning  Camp  Wikoff," 
arranged  in  chronological  order,  together  with  the  names  and  addresses  of  witnesses  by 
whom  each  could  be  proven. 

EXCLUSIVE   NEWS   IN   THE  WORLD. 

While  not  a  day  passes  in  which  THE  WORLD  does  not  contain  exclusive  news,  known 
in  newspaper  parlance  as  "beats"  and  "scoops,"  it  has  won  an  international  reputation  of 
being  first  to  print  news  of  great  importance  on  manj'  occasions.  One  of  the  most  notable 
instances  of  this  sort  of  enterprise  was  immediately  after  Dewey's  victory  in  Manila  Bay. 
On  Saturday,  May  7,  1S9S,  E.  W.  Harden,  THE  WORLD'S  correspondent  at  Manila,  having 
steamed  across  the  China  Sea  to  Hong  Kong,  cabled  the  first  authentic  description  of  the 
great  naval  duel  between  the  American  Asiatic  Squadron  under  Commodore  George  Dewey 
and  the  Spanish  fleet  under  Admiral  Montojo,  and  the  complete  annihilation  of  the  eleven 
vessels  of  the  Spanish  fleet  inside  the  Bay  of  Manila,  and  between  the  belching  forts  of 
Cavite  and  Corregidor.  President  McKinley  got  his  first  information  of  Dewey's  victory 
from  THE  WORLD.  The  news  was  recabled  to  London  for  the  afternoon  papers  there. 
Commodore  Dewey  congratulated  THE  WORLD  in  this  hearty  fashion:  "I  congratulate 
THE  WORLD  on  the  excellence  of  its  report.  I  congratulate  THE  WORLD  on  its  enter- 
prise in  getting  the  first  story  as  cabled  by  Mr.  Harden  before  even  my  official  report 
reached  Washington.  I  am  still  wondering  how  it  got  through,  as  I  was  under  the  impres- 
sion I  had  control  of  the  wires." 

THE  WORLD  was  twenty-four  hours  ahead  of  all  its  contemporaries  in  informing  its 
readers  of  the  occupation  of  Santiago  by  General  Shafter. 

On  April  10.  1898.  THE  WORLD  announced  exclusively  that  President  McKinley  had 
decided  to  ask  Congress  for  authority  to  intervene  on  behalf  of  Cuba,  and  Congress  would 
give  its  consent. 

THE  WORLD  correspondents  established  the  first  newspaper  camp  on  Cuban  soil  June 
17,   1898,   at  Cuero,  thirteen  miles  from   Santiago. 

The  news  of  the  Maine  disaster  Tvas  first  received  by  THE  WORLD.    To  do  it,  its  Havana 


The    World.  29 


correspondent,  Mr.  Scovel  got  the  Government  officials  to  open  the  cable  offices  at  night. 
The  first  authentic  information  that  the  battle-ship  had  been  blown  up  from  the  outside 
%vas  given  to  the  people  through  THE  "WORLD  five  days  after  the  disaster,  its  intiepid 
correspondent  having  made  a  personal  examination  of  the  broken  keel  of  the  ship.  At  the 
same  time  it  was  demonstrated  that  the  explosion  of  a  submarine  mine  or  torpedo  under  the 
Maine  could  not  have  occurred  without  the  connivance  of  the  Spanish  officials  in  charge  of 
tlie  submarine  explosives.  Fifty  physical  proofs  were  given  that  the  Maine  was  blown  up. 
This  was  corroborated  by  the  official  report  of  the  Court  of  Inquiry  a  month  later,  while 
THE  WORLD  published  it  exclusively  on  February  20,  1S9S.  THE  WORLD  proposed  this 
epitaph  for  the  Maine's  martyrs:      "They  died  that  Cuba  might  be  free." 

On  December  17,  1900,  THE  WORLD  exclusively  told  of  the  severe  illness  of  Queen 
Victoria,  and  how  her  death  might  be  hastened  by  the  British  defeats  in  South  Africa;  how 
she  was  unable  to  sleep  because  of  worry  over  the  losses  to  British  manhood  in  the  war 
for  which  she  had  never  seen  any  justification. 

It  was  first  to  give  positive  warning  of  the  near  approach  of  Queen  Victoria's  death, 
stating  on  January  IS  that  a  special  train  was  kept  in  readiness  to  convey  the  Prince  of 
Wales  and  the  royal  family  to  Cowes  upon  a  moment's  summons.  An  official  announcement 
confirmed  the  news  next  day.     The  Queen  died  four  days  later. 

The  complete  list  of  the  securities  owned  by  the  dead  millionaire  railway  king,  Cornelius 
Vanderbilt,   were  first  published  in  THE  WORLD. 

The  important  points  in  the  decision  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  in  the  Portcy 
Rico  cases — the  most  important  decision  handed  down  in  a  generation,  establishing  the 
doctrine  that  "the  Constitution  follows  the  flag"— were  first  given  to  an  anxiously  waiting 
nation  by  THE  WORLD. 

The  public  first  learned  through  THE  WORLD  of  the  sinking  of  the  French  steamer  La 
Bourgogne,  with  all  on  board. 

In  1S91,  among  many  other  items  of  exclusive  news,  was  THE  WORLD'S  interview 
with  Sir  William  Gordon  Gordon-Cumming  immediately  after  his  trial  in  the  famed  baccarat 
case;  also  the  announcement  that  the  British  Government  had  determined  to  prosecute 
William  Henry  Hurlbert  on  a  charge  of  perjury  in  the  Gladys  Evelyn  case.  THE  WORLD 
was  tov.-ard  the  close  of  the  same  year  the  only  paper  to  tell  of  the  plot  existing  in  Santiago 
de  Chile  to  burn  the  United  States  Legation  in  that  city. 

At  the  time  of  the  death  of  Jay  Gould,  in  1S92,  THE  WORLD  published  the  most  com- 
plete biography  of  the  dead  financier,  and  subsequently  added  many  chapters  to  the  facts 
known  about  his  achievements  during  life. 

During  December,  1802,  while  Panama  Canal  revelations  were  convulsing  French 
political  life,  THE  WORLD  told  the  American  end  of  the  story  in  a  series  of  articles  about 
the  canal,  revealing  incompetent  and  extravagant  management,  which  could  not  fail  to 
bring  disaster  to  the  enterprise. 

THE  WORLD  told  exclusively  on  June  24,  1S93,  of  the  unexpected  meeting  of  Mrs. 
Jefferson  Davis,  widow  of  the  President  of  the  Southern  Confederacy,  and  Mrs.  Ulysses  S. 
Grant  at  West  Point.  They  had  never  met  before,  but  greeted  each  other  most  cordially, 
and  spent  considerable  time  in  exchanging  reminiscences  of  their  famous  husbands.  The 
incident  excited  great  interest  throughout  the  United  States,  and  THE  WORLD  scored  a 
distinct  news   "beat." 

The  revolution  in  Brazil  in  1893,  which  attracted  the  attention  of  the  civilized  world, 
broke  out  during  the  first  week  of  September.  Almost  immediately  afterward  THE 
WORLD  became  conspicuous  as  the  only  paper  publishing  exclusive  news  direct  from  Rio, 
in  spite  of  the  fact  that  an  embargo  had  been  put  upon  all  news  in  Rio,  and  the  cable  and 
telegra.ph  lines  were  in  the  hands   of   the  combatants. 

One  of  the  famous  WORLD  exclusives  was  the  graphic  description  of  the  ramming  of 
he  British  battle-ship  Victoria  by  the  Camperdown,  near  Tripoli,  June  23,  1893.  The  Victoria 
was  sunk.  Admiral  Sir  George  Tryon  and  hundreds  of  British  officers  and  sailors  went 
down  with  her.  The  bare  fact  of  the  great  tragedy  was  known  in  London,  but  for  three 
days  the  civilized  world  called  in  vain  for  the  story.  On  that  day  a  WORLD  coi-respondent 
reached  Tripoli,  and  in  the  afternoon,  in  obedience  to  cabled  instructions  from  THE 
WORLD,  cabled  all  the  ghastly  details— a  powerful  story.  The  story  was  immediately 
cabled  by  THE  WORLD  to  London,  and  then  Queen  Victoria,  her  Ministers  and  the  Engli^ih 
people  first  learned  how  Adm.iral  Tryon  and  his  battle-ship  and  crew  were  lost. 

THE  WORLD  was  the  only  American  newspaper  which  had  the  foresight  to  send  a  cor- 
respondent to  Asia  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  between  Japan  and  China,  in  1895.  He 
cabled  the  famous  "beat"  describing,  in  graphic  story,   the  naval  battle  in  the  Yellow  Seg. 


80  The    World. 


between  two  Pag:an  navies,  and  later  the  four  days'  butchery  of  unarmed  Chinamen  at  Port 
Arthur.  The  Japanese  tried  to  bribe  THE  "WORLD'S  correspondent,  10,000  miles  from  home, 
and  offered  to  pay  THE  WORLD'S  cable  bills  and  give  its  correspondent  a*  monopoly  of  the 
war  news  on  condition  that  he  refrain  from  sending  his  10,000-word  despatch  describing  the 
Port  Arthur  massacre — a  "news  scoop"  that  thrilled  and  horrified  the  civilized  world. 

A  trusted  agent  of  THE  WORLD  in  the  Philippines  visited  Aguinaldo  in  January,  1001, 
in  the  mountain  fastness  where  Funston  found  and  captured  him  later  in  the  year,  and 
secured  from  him  a  long  interview  in  which  he  set  forth  his  aims  and  ambitions  regarding 
the  Filipino  people  and  their  government,  and  stated  the  terms  on  which  he  would  treat 
with  President  McKinley  for  peace.  This  exclusive  interview  with  the  Filipino  chieftain 
was  forwarded,  uncensored,  to  THE  WORLD. 

In  1S93  the  great  question  which  was  disturbing  religious  bodies  all  over  the  United 
States  was  the  opening  of  the  World's  Fair  on  Sunday.  What  was  the  attitude  of  Catholics, 
who  outnumbered  any  other  denomination,  was  a  question  which  THE  WORLD  solved  by 
securing  a  long  and  authoritative  interview  with  Cardinal  Gibbons,  Archbishop  of  Baltimore 
and  primate  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  the  United  States.  This  was  published  June  12.  His 
Eminence  came  out  squarely  in  favor  of  opening  the  World's  Fair  on  Sunday,  saying  that  it 
was  the  people's  only  day,  and  that  innocent  pleasures  on  the  Sabbath  were  a  necessity  for 
the  thousands. 

The  first  poll  of  Congress  showing  that  the  Sherman  Silver  law  would  be  repealed  was 
taken  by  THE  WORLD  on  June  17,  1893,  A  m.ajority  of  175  members  of  the  House  were 
pledged  over  their  own  signatures  to  THE  WORLD  to  vote  for  repeal.  The  publication  of 
this  poll  had  a  quieting  effect,  the  country  being  threatened  with  a  financial  panic,  resulting 
from  a  senseless  scare,  rather  than  from  insolvency  or  inflation.  Under  these  circumstances 
THE  WORLD  decided  to  ascertain  from  presidents  of  the  leading  banks  of  the  country  the 
exact  facts  as  they  saw  them.  The  result  was  a  long  series  of  statements,  published  by 
THE  WORLD  June  3.  What  the  country  at  large  thought  of  the  situation  was  shown  from 
what  bank  managers  in  a  score  of  cities  in  the  South  and  West  had  to  say  about  it. 

MINOR   BUT    IMPORTANT    ACCOMPLISHMENTS. 

Many  great  newspapers  would  eulogize  themselves  upon  performances  w'hich  THE 
WORLD  would  merely  deem  natural  and  expected  accomplishments  by  it  day  after  day. 
month  after  month,  and  year  after  year.  In  redeeming  its  pledge  to  fight  public  and 
private  wrongs,  and  to  interest  and  instruct  its  readers,  THE  WORLD  continually  adds  to 
its  long  list  of  victories.  It  is  impossible  to  mention  more  than  a  small  fraction  of  such 
triumphs,  and  of  news-getting,  in  the  limited  space  given  to  this  review,  but  a  score  or  two 
of  instances  will  be  sufficient  to  prove  the  statement: 

THE  WORLD  sent  a  correspondent,  Nellie  Bly,  rushing  around  the  globe  in  ISSl)  In  12 
days,  6  hours,  11  minutes  and  14  seconds,  to  show  that  the  imaginary  record  of  Jules 
Verne's  "Phileas  Fogg"  could  be  beaten.  The  trip  caused  great  excitement,  and  THE 
WORLD  received  nearly  a  million  guesses  as  to  when  the  intrepid  voyager  would  reach  home. 

When  Stanley  emerged  from  the  African  wilderness,  the  first  man  to  meet  him  was  a 
WORLD  correspondent,  and  the  first  news  of  the  explorer's  return  to  the  confines  of  civiliza- 
tion was  sent  by  him.  THE  WORLD'S  mission  to  Africa  was  twofold— to  meet  Stanley  and 
to  make  a  thorough  investigation  of  the  African  slave  trade.  Both  of  these  objects  were 
successful,  despite  extraordinary  difficulties  which  beset  the  effort. 

WORLD  reporters  in  New  York  City  began  the  year  1892  by  "showing  up"  one  of  the 
most  extraordinary  expeditions  in  the  annals  of  Spanish- American  revolutions.  This  was 
the  fitting  out  and  expected  departure  for  Hayti  of  a  man-of-v/ar  called  La  Pays,  intended 
to  aid  the  revolutionary  leader  there,  whose  description  and  movements  had  been  given  at 
columns'  length  in  a  big  metropolitan  journal.  The  revolutionists  who  had  chartered  the 
vessel  had  an  office  in  New  York,  had  all  their  arrangements  complete,  and  had  spent 
many  thousand  dollars  on  the  venture,  when  THE  WORLD  exposed  the  fact  that  the  vessel 
was  a  myth,  the  expected  revolution  a  fraud,  and  the  agents  in  this  city  the  dupes  of  the 
Haytian  Minister  to   the  United   States. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  Sunday.  February  7,  1892.  a  terribly  fatal  fire  at  the  Hotel 
Roj'al  occurred,  and  THE  WORLD  of  that  day  contained  exclusively  the  names  of  guests, 
secured  through  a  characteristic  piece  of  WORLD-reporter  enterprise.  While  the  building  was 
a  mass  of  flames,  and  while  burning  timbers  were  falling  to  the  ground  floor,  which  was 
ankle  deep  in  water,  a  WORLD  reporter  went  into  the  office  and  .secured  the  register  of 
the  hotel,  which  was  thus  saved  from  destruction,  and  proved  of  nuioh  value  subsequently 
in  identifying  the  dtad  and  estim.itlng  the  number  of  lives  lost. 

THE  WORLD  exposeci  the  Broadway  Railway  boodl^  combine  in  t^9  New  YprH  ^pard 


The    World.  31 


of  Aldermen,   sent  several  of  the  bribed   Aldermen   to  prison,   and   drove  others   to  perma- 
nent retirement. 

When  Gladstone  was  leading  the  battle  for  Irish  home  rule,  THE  WORI-D 
raised  a  fund  from  11,000  contributors  for  a  magnificent  memorial  of  solid  silver  to  the 
"Grand  Old  Man."  In  presenting  the  gift  to  Mr.  Gladstone,  Mr.  Pulitzer  designated  it  as 
"an  evidence  that  there  is  an  irrepressible  sympathy  between  the  liberty-loving  masses 
which  is  more  sincere  than  that  of  rulers." 

The  Weekly  Payment  bill,  passed  by  the  New  York  legislature,  after  a  vigorous  fight 
in  behalf  of  the  measure  by  THE  WORIjD,  brought  relief  to  millions  of  wage-earners,  and 
was  in  line  with  THE  WORI^D'S  work  for  Saturday  half  holidays,  its  support  of  the  eight- 
hour  movement,   and  other  beneficial   and  remedial   efforts   in  aid  of  toiling  humanity. 

On  March  24,  lSi)0,  THE  WORLD  struck  a  vital  blow  at  the  Louisiana  Lottery  octopus, 
which  had  paralyzed  a  State  and  was  swindling  the  nation  to  the  extent  of  $10,000,000  a 
year.  THE  WORLD  showed  that  the  corporation  was  illegal,  and  exposed  its 
nefarious  doings  and  those  of  kindred  operators.  The  opening  guns  of  this  campaign  were 
follow-ed  by  shots  which  hit  the  mark  every  time.  When  the  bandits  of  the  wheel  attempted 
to  gain  a  foothold  in  Dakota  THE  WORLD  defeated  them  there,  and  finally  the  United 
States  Government  completed  the  work  begun  by  THE  WORLD,  stopped  the  use  of  the 
mails  as  a  channel  from  the  pockets  of  deluded  victims  to  the  coffers  of  the  lottery  robbers, 
and  ultimately  made  lotteries  of  any  sort  illegal. 

In  1889,  by  a  vigorous  crusade  against  the  oyster  pirates  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  THE 
WORLD  rescued  twenty-four  men  and  boys  who  had  been  "shanghaied"  from  New  York 
and  were  virtually  leading  lives  of  slavery  on  oyster  boats.  The  affair,  as  exposed  by 
THE  WORLD,  caused  much  excitement,  and  four  of  the  pirates  were  tried,  convicted  and 
punished  through  THE  WORLD'S  efforts. 

The  exposure  of  the  cruelties  practiced,  and  the  dangers  menacing  the  young  girls  and 
children  employed  in  the  sweat-shops,  where  government  and  civilian  clothing  was  made, 
resulted  first  in  the  decision  of  the  Army  and  Navy  Department  that  no  more  uniforms 
should  be  made  in  these  vile  places,  and  then,  by  the  passage  of  the  Costello  "Anti-Sweat- 
Shop"  bill  by  the  Legislature,  Governor  Roosevelt  appointed  Jacob  A.  Riis  a  special  com- 
missioner to  investigate  the  sweat-shops.  Citizens  in  mass-meeting  indorsed  the  bill,  the 
Central  Federated  Union,  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Health,  and  several  clergymen 
approved  THE  WORLD'S  crusade,  and  the  Governor  signed  the  bill.  Mr.  Riis  said  of  THE 
V.^ORLD'S  fight  against  the  sweat-shops:  "It  is  the  best  thing  that  has  been  done  for  the 
women  and  children,  to  whom  starvation  wages  are  paid.  Doing  away  with  the  sweat- 
shop evil  means  better  pay  and  shorter  hours  for  thousands." 

THE  WORLD'S  long  war  against  "Brockwayism"  resulted  at  last  in  the  abolishing  of 
the  paddle,  the  strap,  and  the  chain  as  implements  of  punishment  in  the  Elmira  Reforma- 
tory, though  not  until  Z.  R.  Brockway,  the  Supeiintendent  of  this  institution  for  the  refor- 
mation of  young  first  offenders  against  the  law,  had  admitted  that  thii-ty-three  reformatory 
Inmates  had  become  insane  in  the  first  ten  months  of  1899,  and  had  been  sent  to  the  State 
Hospital  for  Insane  Criminals.  THE  WORLD  exposed  the  brutality  of  Brockway  by 
scores  of  sworn  witnesses.  Many  judges  flatly  refused  to  sentence  young  criminals  to 
Elmira  after  that,  and  until  Governor  Roosevelt  selected  a  new  board  of  managers.  The 
new  board  put  a  stop  to  Brockway's  methods,  and  no  inmate  will  ever  again  be  paddled 
or  chained  to  the  floor. 

The  indictment  of  United  States  Senator  Matthew  S.  Quay,  of  Pennsylvania,  was  for  a 
crime  identical  with  the  offence  charged  by  THE  WORLD  years  before— the  unlawful  use 
of  State  funds  for  purposes  of  private  speculation.  THE  WORLD  dug  out  the  facts  and 
the  evidence  establishing  the  embezzlement  and  published  them  broadside.  It  challenged 
Senator  Quay  to  sue  it  for  libel,  but  in  vain. 

THE  WORLD  was  the  first  to  propose  the  revival  of  the  naval  rank  of  Admiral, 
extinct  for  a  generation,  and  to  advocate  that  that  distinguished  rank  be  conferred  upon 
Commodore  George  Dewey,  whose  victory  at  Manila  and  subsequent  governnient  of  the 
conquered  Philippine  city  practically  settled  the  war  with  Spain  and  insured  the  inde- 
pendence of  Cuba. 

In  1891  a  notable  achievement  of  a  WORLD  reporter  was  the  clearing  up  of  the  mystery 
of  the  bomb  thrower  In  the  office  of  Russell  Sage.  Police  and  public  were  In  doubt  whether 
It  was  an  act  of  concerted  villainy  on  the  part  of  leagued  anarchists  or  the  act  of  an  indi- 
vidual maniac.  THE  WORLD  man  took  up  the  meagre  clews,  one  of  which  was  a  button, 
went  to  Massachusetts,  and  pointed  out  the  murderer  and  suicide  in  Henry  L.  Norcross,  a 
Boston  note  broker. 


32  The    World. 


One  of  the  most  successful  and  dramatic  achievements  of  THE  WORLD  in  ISOl  was 
the  rescue  from  slavery  of  a  band  of  Samoans  and  their  return  to  their  native  land.  Thes© 
poor  wanderers  from  the  Pacific  had  performed  heroic  work  in  the  rescue  of  American  sea- 
men during  the  hurricane  which  swept  the  islands  in  the  Spring  of  18S9,  driving  three 
United  States  men-of-war  on  the  rocks.  Against  the  wishes  of  their  king,  they  had  joined 
a  theatrical  troupe,  and  were  held  in  a  state  of  veritable  bondage  by  a  hard-hearted  master 
when  discovered  in  Xew  York  by  THE  WORLD.  In  addition  to  being  practically  slaves, 
they  were  slowly  dying  from  the  rigors  of  the  Northern  climate,  and  several  had  already 
found  untimely  graves,  while  Manogi,  their  chieftain,  was  then  sick  with  consumption  in 
Bellevue  Hospital.  THE  WORLD  instantly  secured  their  release  from  the  task-master 
who  was  using  them  for  his  own  ends,  and  the  joy  of  the  poor  natives  was  pathetic  to 
witness  when  they  were  informed  that  they  would  be  returned  to  Samoa.  In  a  few  daj-s 
the  preparations  were  complete,  and  the  reporter  who  was  to  accompany  them  was  appointed 
a  commissioner  by  the  United  States  Government.  Manogi  died  on  the  way  and  was  buried 
on  the  summit  of  the  Rockies.  THE  WORLD  reporter  then  continued  the  journey  with, 
the  three  remaining  Samoans.  His  work  was  only  finished  when  he  had  landed  them  upon 
their  native  shores;  and  THE  WORLD,  through  its  representative,  received  the  heartfelt 
thanks  of  the  King  and  the  entire  population  of  the  island. 

The  rt'lease,  in  1904,  of  Mrs.  Maybrick.  the  American  woman  who  had  been  for  fifteen 
years  a  prisoner  in  an  English  prison  on  the  charge  of  poisoning  her  husband,  but  doubt  of 
whose  guilt  was  in  every  mind,  recalled  the  efforts  of  THE  WORLD  to  secure  her  release, 
and  of  the  noble  work  of  the  late  Mrs.  Harriet  Hubbard  Ayer,  for  many  years  a  member 
of  THE  WORLD  editorial  family,  in  behalf  of  her  unfortunate  country-woman.  Subse- 
quently Mrs.  Maj'brick's  articles  in  THE  WORLD  comparing  American  prison  systems 
with  those  of  England  were  widely  read  in  the  United  States  and  abroad  with  keen  interest. 

THE  WORLD  denounced  the  "Emploj'er's  Liability"  bill  in  1901  as  a  complete  travesty 
of  the  equitable  law  which  it  pretended  to  be,  because,  under  it,  no  injured  employee  could 
recover  damages  unless  he  sued  within  ten  daj's,  and  no  other  injured  person  could  recover 
damages  unless  he  filed  a  written  notice  that  he  intended  to  sue  within  sixty  days  after 
the  injury.     This  bill  was  killed. 

The  decision  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  declaring  the  anti-ticket  scalpers'  law,  passed  at 
the  behest  of  the  principal  railroad  corporations,  to  be  unconstitutional,  was  in  exact  sup- 
port of  THE  WORLD'S  contention  in  its  fight  against  its  passage. 

The  defeat  of  the  attempt  of  the  Astoria  Light,  Heat  and  Power  Company  to  grab  a 
monopoly  of  the  city's  streets,  under  the  guise  of  a  bill  before  the  Legislature  purporting 
to  be  intended  only  to  give  the  Consolidated  Gas  Company  the  right  to  lay  pipes  under 
the  East  River,  connecting  the  company's  new  works  on  the  Long  Island  side  with  its 
feed  pipes  on  the  New  York  side,  was  one  of  the  notable  services  of  THE  WORLD  to  the 
public  of  New  York  City  in  1SS9. 

When  Lord  Mayor  Tallon,  of  Dublin,  and  John  Redmond,  M.  P.,  visited  America  and 
appealed  on  behalf  of  the  Irish  people  for  assistance  in  paying  off  the  long-overdue  mort- 
gage upon  the  home  of  the  late  leader  and  idol  of  the  home  rulers,  Charles  Stewart  Parnell, 
THE  WORLD  joined  in  the  work,  and  in  three  days  more  than  enough  money  was  raised, 
and  the  home  of  Ii"eland's  greatest  leader  of  modern  days  was  saved. 

When,  in  October,  1S9S,  the  managers  of  the  Buffalo  Pan-American  Exposition 
were  confronted  by  Sculptor  August  Langenbahn's  demand  for  the  two  most  beautiful 
women  in  the  Western  world  for  models  for  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  they  were  in  a 
quandary.  THE  WORLD  offered  to  help  them  out,  and  immediately  arranged  the  SUNDAY 
WORLD'S  great  Pan-American  beauty  contest,  which  was  one  of  the  most  interesting 
competitions  of  the  age.  It  came  to  a  close  on  June  1,  and  after  six  months  of  deliberation, 
which  involved  the  inspection  and  discussion  of  thousands  of  portraits,  the  best  products 
of  the  photographic  art  in  all  parts  of  North  and  South  America,  the  committee  of  ten 
judges  announced  their  decision  in  the  SUNDAY  WORLD  of  December  2.  The  beauties 
selected  to  typify  North  America  and  South  America  were  Miss  Maud  Coleman  Woods, 
the  famous  Virginia  blond  beauty,   and  Miss  Maxine  Elliott,   the  incomparable  brunette. 

The  defeat  of  the  attempt  of  the  Astoria  Light,  Heat  and  Power  Company  to  grab  a 
monopoly  of  the  city's  streets,  under  the  guise  of  a  bill  before  the  Legislature  purporting 
to  be  Intended  only  to  give  the  Consolidated  Gas  Company  the  right  to  lay  pipes  under  the 
East  River,  connecting  the  company's  new  works  on  the  Long  Island  side  with  its  feed 
pipes  on  the  New  York  side,  was  one  of  the  notable  services  of  THE  WORLD  to  the  public 
of  New  York  City. 

In  1SS9,  when  street  railvray  competition  in  New  York  was  reduced  to  two  companies. 


The    World,  33 


through  the  absorption  of  all  the  others,  and  these  two  "pooled  their  issues"  and  agreed  to 
divide  up  the  eighty  miles  of  streets  for  which  each  had  asked  a  franchise,  THE  WORLD 
pointed  out  that  this  meant  au  absence  of  that  competition  which  would  make  the  public 
sale  of  the  franchises  a  real  auction.  Each  company  asked  only  for  a  franchise  for  such 
streets  as  had  been  allotted  to  it  in  the  combine,  and  offered  to  the  city  3  per  cent,  of  the 
gross  receipts  for  the  first  five  years,  and  5  per  cent,  for  the  twenty  years  remaining  of 
the  term  of  the  franchise.  THE  WORLD  protested  that  these  were  the  most  valuable 
franchises  the  city  had  to  give,  with  a  monopoly  of  the  traffic  from  the  city  to  Yonkers,  and 
that  much  higher  compensation  should  be  given.  It  showed  that  sixteen  street  surface 
railways  alone,  capitalized  at  $78,600,000,  with  gross  earnings  in  ISOG  of  $13,869,000.  paid 
Into  the  city  treasury  on  franchise  account  only  $192,000.  The  Board  of  Estimate  saw  the 
light,  and  fixed  the  rates  for  the  first  sixteen-mile  franchise  at  4  per  cent,  for  the  first 
five  years,  6  per  cent,  for  the  second  five  years,  8  per  cent,  for  the  third  five  years,  and  10 
per  cent,  for  the  remaining  ten  years. 

THE  WORLD'S  exposure  of  the  armor-plate  frauds,  naming  the  warships  upon  which 
rotten  armor  had  been  placed,  resulted  in  an  official  investigation,  which  ended  in  the 
Carnegie  Company  paying  $144,000  fine. 

At  the  suggestion  of  THE  WORLD  a  reform  ticket  was  named  in  Brooklyn  in  1803. 
John  Y.  McKane,  the  absolute  boss  and  the  Poobah  of  Gravesend,  tried  to  save  the  spoils- 
men's ring  by  falsely  registering  thousands  of  names.  Schieren  and  Gaynor  were  elected  by 
30,000  majority,  and  McKane  served  seven  years  in  Sing  Sing. 

The  conviction  of  Charles  A.  Buddensieck,  a  rich  builder,  in  1885  for  using  mud  instead 
of  cement  in  eight  tenement-houses,  by  reason  of  which  one  of  them  collapsed,  killing  a 
dozen  workmen,  was  the  first  victory  for  tenement-house  reform.  THE  WOR^LD  accom- 
plished it  and  followed  it  up  by  urging  the  passage  of  a  Tenement-House  Reform  bill  in 
the  Legislature.     It  is  now  a  law. 

Single-handed  and  alone  THE  WORLD  exposed  and  stopped  the  scandalous  deal  between 
the  McKInley  Administration  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  reorganizers  by  which,  on 
October  22,  1897,  Attorney-General  McKenna  announced  the  Government  would  sell  the 
Union  Pacific  and  Kansas  Pacific  for  $50,000,000  to  satisfy  their  debt  to  the  Government. 
THE  WORLD  exposed  and  denounced  the  job,  organized  a  new  syndicate,  and  forced  the 
pool  to  pay  $58,000,000  for  the  Union  Pacific  and  $6,303,000  for  the  other  road,  a  saving  of 
$14,000,000. 

THE  "WORLD  is  given  the  credit  of  having  effected  the  establishment  of  the  improved 
Staten  Island  ferry  service  and  for  the  first  city-owned  and  city-operated  ferry,  which  was 
opened  between  the  Battery  and  Staten  Island  in  October,  1905. 

After  a  long  fight  THE  WORLD  drove  from  the  post  he  had  held  for  twenty  years  as 
Superintendent  of  the  Westchester  Temporary  Home  for  Destitute  Children,  James  H.  Pierce, 
who  abused  his  little  charges,  and  whose  dismissal  was  recommended  by  the  Westchester 
County  Grand  Jury  on  THE  WORLD'S  evidence.  The  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Home, 
convinced  by  THE  WORLD,  discharged  Pierce. 

THE  WORLD  forced  the  establishing  of  the  block  system  on  the  New  York  Central 
and  Hudson  River  Railroad  from  New  York  to  Buffalo,  after  a  terribly  fatal  accident  at 
Hastings  through  an  "end-on"  collision  of  two  trains. 

When  the  first  Infected  cholera  ships  arrived  at  this  port  In  1892,  and  the  health 
authorities,  with  mistaken  judgment,  caused  a  panic  by  witholding  information,  THE 
WORLD  did  a  great  public  service,  and  allayed  fears  by  sending  a  tug  daily  to  each  ship, 
bringing  mail  from  passengers  and  carrying  to  them  messages  from  anxious  ones  ashore. 
Finally,  when  the  authorities  secured  the  hotel  at  Fire  Island,  and  the  wearied,  hungry 
and  impatient  prisoners  at  last  landed,  they  found  that  one  of  THE  WORLD  reporters, 
whose  face  had  become  familiar  on  the  tug,  "was  in  charge  of  their  interests  and  chief 
clerk  of  the  Surf  Hotel.  THE  WORLD  reporter  welcomed  the  quarantine  guests,  assigned 
them  to  their  rooms,  and  made  them  feel  comfortable.  The  public  service  rendered  by 
THE  WORLD  during  the  cholera  excitement  was  carefully  conducted,  no  reporter  set  foot 
on  any  of  the  Infected  ships,  no  quarantine  law  was  violated,  and  every  message  from  the 
detained  vessels  was  thoroughly  disinfected. 

When  Andrew  Carnegie  saw  the  picture  of  the  Wyoming  dinosaur  In  THE  WORLD, 
sitting  on  its  haunches  and  looking  into  the  eleventh  story  windows  of  a  skyscraper,  with 
the  descriptive  account  of  the  bones  of  this  enormous  animal  of  prehistoric  times,  he  out 
out  the  picture  and  s»nt  It  to  the  Director  of  the  Pittsburgh  Museum,  with  Instructions  to 
"Buy  this  for  Pittsburgh."  The  purchase  was  made. 
V.       When  TKB  W©KJJ>,   In  1©04,   discovered  that  James  McAullffe,   found  dyln#  In  tbe 


34  The    World. 


street,  hat^  been  arrested  and  locked  up  the  night  before  without  a  mark  on  him,  and  that 
he  had  been  the  chief  witness  against  "Wardman  Glennon  on  his  trial,  it  struck  a  killing 
blow  at  the  police  "sj'stem"  by  which  troublesome  witnesses  were  done  to  death  or 
frightened  out  of  town.  The  Coroner's  Jury  found  that  McAuliffe  had  been  murdered. 
Justice  Mayer,  after  an  exhaustive  inquiry,  decided  that  McAuliffe  was  uninjured  when 
arrested  and  received  his  injuries  some  time  after  he  fell  Into  the  clutches  of  the  police. 
Because  of  the  indifference  of  the  prosecuting  officers  no  one  was  punished,  but  THE 
WORLD'S   exposure   checked   police   intimidation. 

The  news  that  no  less  than  $360,000  of  the  stealings  of  Capt.  Oberlin  M.  Carter  had 
been  recovered  by  the  Government,  having  been  traced  to  its  place  of  hiding,  recalled  what 
a  distinguished  army  oificer  said  was  "one  of  the  very  great  services"  for  the  maintenance 
of  the  army's  high  standard  of  personal  honor.  When  THE  WORLD  brushed  the  deep 
accumulation  of  dust  from  the  papers  containing  the  court-martial's  condemnation  of 
Capt.  Oberlin  M.  Carter,  and  held  them  up  until  his  political  pull  grew  weak  before  the 
public  demand  for  justice,  there  was  a  mighty  outcry  from  his  friends  and  their  friends 
that  he  was  a  martyr  and  that  he  was  being  persecuted,  that  he  was  innocent.  And  even 
after  his  uniform  was  stripped  from  him  and  he  was  put  in  the  penitentiary,  distinguished 
counsel,  pledging  their  private  honor  for  a  fee,  continued  to  try  to  befog  the  public  mind 
by  juggling  the  complicated  features  of  the  case. 

THE  WORLD  sent  a  despatch  boat  with  provisions,  medical  attendants  and  nurses 
to  the  relief  of  Greek  armies  in  the  Cretan  war. 

When  the  interest  of  all  the  world  centred  upon  the  celebration  of  the  jubilee  of  Queen 
Victoria,  THE  WORLD  had  the  pleasure  of  laying  before  the  American  people  a  brilliant 
and  complete  account  of  the  imperial  pageant.  In  addition  to  the  vivid  pen  pictures  by 
Its  staff  of  correspondents,  trained  observers,  and  accurate  writers,  there  were  accounts 
from  these  special  correspondents:  The  famous  Dean  Farrar,  of  Canterbury,  who  described 
the  religious  ceremonies;  Gen.  Nelson  A.  Miles,  commander  of  the  United  States  Army, 
and  official  military  representative  of  the  nation  at  the  jubilee,  who  wrote  of  the  soldiers, 
and  Dr.  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  who  treated  of  the  social  side  of  the  celebration.  The  story 
cabled  to  THE  WORLD  from   London  comprised  9,950  words. 

When  the  scandals  in  the  management  of  the  War  Department  had  demonstrated  the 
necessity  for  a  change,  THE  WORLD  demanded  a  surcease  of  Algerism.  It  kept  up  the 
fight  until  more  than  half  the  newspapers  in  the  United  States  joined  in  asking  for  the 
dismissal  of  Secretary  Alger  from  the  Cabinet.  THE  WORLD  published,  in  reduced  fac- 
simile, editorials  from  132  daily  newspapers  of  all  parties,  sustaining  its  position.  It 
showed  that  the  United  States  Government  had  spent  $99,660  in  an  investigation,  in  which 
the  investigators  had  plainly  whitewashed  the  Secretary.  Alger  left  the  Cabinet  July  19, 
1889,  and  THE  WORLD  was  ahead  of  all  its  contemporaries  in  publishing  the  news. 

The  first  revelations  in  the  remarkable  story  of  Carlyle  W.  Harris  were  made  late  in 
March,  1891,  when  pretty  Helen  Potts,  to  whom  he  had  been  secretly  married,  died  myste- 
riously in  a  New  York  fashionable  boarding  school.  THE  WORLD  took  the  matter  up  at 
once,  shQwed  up  Hanis's  record  before  he  administei'ed  the  pills  to  his  young  wife,  related 
her  mother's  story  in  a  long  Interview  in  the  paper  of  Alarch  21,  and  the  reply  of  Harris 
the  following  day.  WORLD  reporters  followed  the  case  In  all  Its  crooked  turnings,  and 
forged  a  chain  of  evidence  about  Harris  which  led  to  his  arrest,  indictment,  conviction,  and 
electrocution.  The  Harris  case  is  cited  because  of  its  publicity.  The  bringing  of  criminals 
to  justice  by  THE  WORLD  during  the  past  twenty-five  years,  when  police  methods  and 
professional  detective  efforts  had  failed,  have  led  to  Its  recognition  as  the  most  powerful 
sleuth  in  the  newspaper  field.  It  can  point  to  hundreds  of  convictions  upon  evidence 
secured  by  Its  tireless  reporters,  it  rarely  having  been  baffled.  Many  of  these  cases, 
shrouded  in  mystery,  attracted  attention  throughout  the  country. 

Thus  THE  WORLD  could  continue  to  cite,  by  thousands,  instances  of  its  accomplish- 
ments. Its  exposures  led  the  State  Board  of  Health  to  purify  the  streams  that  feed 
Croton  Lake,  the  source  of  New  York's  water  supply.  Its  battles  against  policy  sharks 
have  resulted  in  Innumerable  convictions.  It  showed  the  complicity  of  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company  with  the  poolrooms,  and  forced  the  directors  to  cut  off  all  special 
services  on  the  race-track  news.  It  was  largely  instrumental  in  abolishing  the  gallows  in 
New  Jersey.  It  has  saved  millions  of  dollars  to  the  City  of  New  York  and  the  State  by 
stopping  land  grabs  of  all  sorts.  It  has  succeeded  In  having  opened  public  baths,  play- 
grounds and  parks  in  all  directions.  It  secured  the  anti-flat  car  wheel  ordinance.  It 
caused  the  dismissal  of  five-cent  extortionists  among  free  bath  attendants.  It  raised  the 
GAoney  to  erect  seventy  drkUcins^  fountains  for  dogs  and  other  small  animals  about  tbf 


The    World.  35 


City  of  New  York.  THE  WORLD  exposed  the  honeycomb  of  corruption  in  the  Immigra- 
tion Bureau,  and  was  the  cause  of  an  upheaval  there  and  a  complete  reorganization  of  the 
Bureau  along  the  lines  of  honesty  and  decency.  With  the  opening  of  the  new  Children's 
Court  by  Justice  Olmsted  in  September,  1902,  the  consummation  was  reached  in  THE 
WORLD'S  philanthropic  and  reformatory  movement  of  seven  years'  duration.  Comptroller 
Grout,  adopting  THE  WORLD'S  suggestion  of  a  popular  loan,  cffeied  city  bonds  at  $10 
eacn,  instead  of  offering  them  in  the  usual  fashion— "all  oi  none"— to  Wall  Street.  The 
public  snapped  up  the  bonds,  and  117  bidders  took  them  at  prices  which  produced  $22,470 
more  for  $3,000,000  worth  than  at  any  previous  sale.  THE  WORLD  proved,  In  1902  the 
innocence  of  George  Frank,  known  as  "Fienchy,"  the  friendless  Algerian,  who  was  serving 
a  life  sentence  for  the  muider  of  "Old  Shakespeare"  in  a  Cherry  Street  dive  in  1891,  and 
secured  his  pardon.  When  Dock  Commissioner  Hawkes  announced  that  the  bands  on  the 
•recreation  piers,  secured  by  law  passed  by  THE  WORLD,  would  play  only  classical  music, 
THE  WORLD  started  the  crusade  which  resulted  in  the  rescinding  of  the  order.  The 
people  of  the  tenements  preferred  "rag-time."  THE  WORLD'S  long  and  peisistent  advo- 
cacy was  rewarded  by  the  passage  of  the  law  forbidding  trap  shooting  of  pigeons  THE 
WORLD  has  eradicated  many  moral  plague  spots  at  Coney  Island.  THE  WORLD  has 
rescued  hundreds  of  girls  from  bondage  worse  than  death,  and  has  forced  the  punishment 
of  their  abductors.  THE  WORLD  secured,  and  first  published,  the  confession  of  Pat 
Crowe,  the  man  who  kidnapped  the  Cudahy  boy,  after  a  juiy  of  twelve  citizens  of  Omaha 
had  acquitted  him,  though  he  still  had  $21,000  left  of  the  ransom  he  had  received  for  the 
restoration  of  the  boy  to  his  millionaire  father.  But  why  continue  the  list?  Enough  has 
been  written  to  prove  clear  THE  WORLD'S  title  to  being  the  people's  cudgel  and  the 
people's  voice. 

FIRST  IN  THE  RUSSO-JAPANESE  WAR. 
The  Russo-Japanese  war  was  so  recent  an  occurrence  that  THE  WORLD'S  masterly 
work  In  portraying  everything  of  interest  In  connection  with  the  great  struggle  is  still 
fresh  In  the  public  mind.  From  the  beginning  of  hostilities  between  the  Russians  and  the 
Japanese  THE  WORLD  presented  to  its  readers  the  earliest,  most  complete  and  reliable 
news  from  the  Manchurian  battlefields.  In  addition  to  this,  it  printed  valuable  views  and 
opinions  of  eminent  statesmen,  soldiers  and  sailors  of  both  contending  nations,  as  well  as 
those  of  other  prominent  men  throughout  the  world,  concerning  all  the  aspects  of  the  con- 
flict. Its  war  correspondents  were  brainy,  fearless  observers  who  had  wop  their  spurs  in 
previous  campaigns.  The  corps  included  E.  F.  Knight,  whose  daring  on  the  battlefield  cost 
him  an  arm.  Gov.  William  Dinwiddle  left  his  post  as  the  head  of  a  Philippine  province 
to  become  a  WORLD  correspondent.  He  it  was  who  cabled  a  2,000-word  interview  with 
Lieut.-Gen.  Baron  Kodama,  "the  brains  of  the  Japanese  army,"  just  before  the  war 
began,  in  which  he  said  that  Japan  had  an  available  fighting  force  of  400,000  men,  and 
predicted  that  the  war  would  be  a  long  one.  From  Dinwiddle,  too,  came  the  graphic  story 
of  the  retreat  from  Liaoyang,  with  a  powerful  character  sketch  of  the  grim  fighter  Kuro- 
patkin.  Others  of  THE  WORLD'S  corps  were  Henry  James  Wlgham,  Thomas  F.  Millard, 
who  was  a  noted  correspondent  in  China  during  the  Boxer  rebellion;  Col.  Edward  Emerson, 
McKenzIe  and  others.  From  the  pens  and  cameras  of  THE  WORLD'S  artists  in  the  field 
came  the  picture  stories,  thrilling  and  Instructive,  of  the  havoc  of  shot  and  shell,  and  of 
scenes  in  camps,  hospitals,  trenches  and  on  the  march.  Almost  daily  THE  WORLD  was 
the  first  to  present  the  news  of  big  events.  It  was  the  first  to  tell  of  the  fall  of  Port 
Arthur  and  of  the  entrance  of  General  NogI  Into  the  citadel  of  the  Gibraltar  of  the  East. 
When  the  happy  ending  was  near,  and  Count  Witte  and  Baron  Komura  were  trying  to 
agree  -at  Portsmouth  upon  peace  with  mutual  honor  for  their  respective  nations,  THE  WORLD, 
twenty-four  hours  ahead  of  all  contemporaries,  announced  that  the  Japanese  terms 
would  be  much  less  drastic  than  as  first  prbposed;  that  "the  peace  outlook  was  never 
so  good  as  now,"  and  that  "If  Russia  must  pay  an  indemnity  it  may  be  under  a  guise  that 
will  'save  her  face.'  "  During  the  conflict,  among  those  who  contributed  to  THE 
WORLD  symposium  of  views  which  shed  a  flood  of  light  on  the  situation  were  Jihei  Hashi- 
guchi,  who  wrote  of  "The  Yellow  Peril"  as  seen  by  Japanese  eyes;  Takahira,  the  Japanese 
Minister  at  Washington,  who  contributed  several  articles;  Baron  Kiichl  Kaneko  appeared  in 
many  articles  showing  the  Japanese  side,  answering  Count  Cassini,  delivering  a  personal 
estimate  of  Oyama,  the  greater  figure  of  the  combat,  and  touching  into  life  the  story  of 
the  Japs;  Surgeon-General  Suzuki  wrote  a  complete  expose  of  the  methods  of  the  Japanese 
In  the  treatment  of  the  well,  the  sick  and  the  wounded  on  the  battlefields,  and  Lleut.- 
Commander  Albert  X.  Cleaves,  of  the  United  States  Navy,  presented  as  an  analysis  of  the 
aims  and  inovements  of  Togo  aod  Bojestvensky  on  tiie  eve  of  battle,   described  as  tb© 


36  The    World. 


greatest  naval  conflict  since  Trafalgar.  Gen.  Nelson  A.  Miles  presented  an  understandable 
account  of  the  war  as  it  had  progressed  down  to  and  including  the  battle  of  Mukden. 
Andrew  D,  White,  scholar,  diplomat  and  member  of  The  Hague  peace  tribunal,  contributed 
to  the  illustration  of  the  effect  of  the  war  upon  international  politics,  and  Capt.  H.  A. 
Saxe,  of  the  Russian  Na\^,  told  a  graphic  story  of  the  terrors  of  life  at  Port  Arthur, 
where  he  was  in  the  thick  of  it. 

THE    WORLD    DURING    THE    CHINESE    TROUBLE. 

During  the  Boxer  trouble  in  China,  before  and  after  the  operation  of  the  allied  Powers, 
THE  WORLD  kept  its  readers  constantly  informed,  from  the  most  reliable  sources,  of  all 
that  transpired  there.  Its  war  cori.sspondent,  Mr.  Frederick  Palmer,  was  the  first  to  reach 
the  ground.  Appreciating  the  sensitiveness  of  the  situation  from  a  standpoint  of  world 
politics,  it  was  alert  in  its  watchfulness  of  the  steps  of  the  American  Government,  con- 
stantly arousing  the  American  conscience  with  its  trusty  searchlight  of  Publicity  to  the 
dangers  of  any  false  step.  It  constantly  insisted  that  the  true  American  policy  was  not  one 
of  vengeance,  but  of  conciliation,  with  proper  compensation  for  any  damage  done.  "^When 
the  President  announced  on  July  3,  1902,  in  a  note  to  the  Powers,  his  programme  of 
co-operation  with  the  European  armies  "in  aiding  to  prevent  a  spread  of  the  disorders  to 
the  other  provinces  and  a  recurrence,"  THE  WORLD  immediately  began  to  point  out  the 
inevitable  consequences  of  this  programme  of  joint  pacification  and  joint  bayonet  rule. 
Mr.  McKinley,  firm  In  the  belief  that  the  country  was  infected  with  his  craze  for  imperial- 
ism, and  "glorj%"  and  foreign  domination,  steadily  made  his  preparations,  increased  his 
army  for  Chinese  conquest,  and  sent  munitions  of  war  and  supplies  for  a  six  months'  cam- 
paign. And  on  July  19  Mr.  Root,  the  Secretary  of  War,  said:  "No  matter  what  action 
is  taken  by  the  Powers,  the  troops  of  the  United  States  will  remain  in  China." 

THE  WORLD  vigorously  denounced  it,  and  was  joined  by  all  the  other  newspapers  of 
the  land,  irrespective  of  politics. 

THE  WORLD  insisted  that  as  our  Minister  and  our  other  citizens  shut  up  in  Peking 
were  rescued,  our  army  had  accomplished  its  mission,  the  object  for  which  alone  it  was  sent, 
the  only  excuse  for  its  presence  in  China  was  gone,  and  there  was  left  no  reason  why  a 
single  American  soldier  should  stay  on  Chinese  soil.  It  should  withdraw,  leaving  China 
to  restore  her  disorderd  affairs.  When  peace  was  restored  our  Government  could  arrange 
for  indemnity  and  reparation.  On  September  22,  1902,  President  McKinley  bowed  to 
public  opinion,  voiced  by  THE  WORLD,  and  in  his  reply  to  Germany,  Russia  and  China, 
he  announced  a  policy  of  peace,  justice  and  civilization;  peace  through  independent  nego- 
tiation. 

RAMAPO  STEAL  AND  ICE  TRUST  KILLED. 

Among  the  most  distinguished  of  the  public  services  of  THE  WORLD  must  rank  its 
destruction  of  the  Ice  Trust  and  the  killing  of  the  Ramapo  steal.  It  was  THE  WORLD 
that  first  discovered  and  published  Mayor  Van  Wyck's  pecuniary  connection  with  the  ice 
monopoly.  On  May  5,  1900,  THE  WORLD  exclusively  printed  the  news  that  Mayor  Van 
Wyck  and  John  F.  Carroll,  theA  the  Tammany  leader,  owned  millions  of  dollars,  par  value, 
of  the  stock  of  the  ice  monopoly,  which  had  doubled  the  price  in  New  York  City,  and  was 
then  perfecting  an  absolute  monopoly  of  the  ice  trade  in  New  York  City  by  control  of  the 
docks.  THE  WORLD  Invoked  the  anti-Tweed  law  and  forced  Mayor  Van  Wyck  to  testify 
before  Justice  Gaynor,  eliciting  the  confession  that  he  held  $400,000  worth  of  the  stock, 
having  paid  only  $50,000  In  cash,  the  rest  being  covered  by  notes.  Charges  were  preferred 
before  Governor  Roosevelt,  but  his  action  was  long  delayedj.  the  Governor  being  away  cam- 
paigning for  the  Vice-Presidency  in  the  West.  He  finally  refused  to  remove  the  Mayor, 
but  said  the  Mayor's  moral  guilt  was  proved. 

The  Ramapo  scandal  involved  a  projected  steal  of  $200,000,000  from  the  city  in  the 
giving  of  a  water  contract  for  twenty  years  on  the  plea  that  the  city's  water  resources 
were  exhausted  and  the  Ramapo  Water  Company  had  gained  possession  of  the  only  available 
watershed  in  the  State,  the  city  being  prohibited  by  law  from  going  to  any  other  State. 

It  was  attempted  by  the  Tajw^uany  administration  in  1S99  to  sneak  through  the  Board 
of  Public  Improvements  a  contrast  by  which  the  city  was  to  pay  $70  a  million  gallons  for 
water  from  the  Ramapo  Company.  THE  WORLD  showed  that  the  same  company  had 
been  ready  to  sell  at  $53  a  million  gallons,  and  that  this  was  a  combination  of  Republican 
and  Democratic  politicians  to  loot  the  city  through  its  supposed  helplessness.  The  contract 
had  been  approved  by  Corporation  Counsel  John  Whalen,  and  the  Tammany  President  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Improvements  was  eager  to  execute  the  contract.  THE  WORLD 
obtained  from  the  Supreme  Court  an  injunction  forbidding  the  city  to  make  the  contract. 


The    World,  37 


The   fight   was   carried   on    until    the   Legislature   convened,    and   THE   WORLD   secured  the 
passage  of  a  bill  repealing  the  Ramapo  charlei. 

GRAB   KJLLET)   AND    MILLIONS    SAVED- 

Under  the  pressure  of  a  powerful  lobby,  the  New  York  State  Legislature,  in  its  closing 
moments  in  1901,  jammed  through  a  bill  giving  to  the  New  York  and  New  Jersey  Bridge 
Company,  financed  by  a  syndicate  whose  personality  was  a  deep,  dark  mystery,  a  fi-an- 
chise  in  perpetuity,  worth  not  less  than  $100,000,000,  under  the  guise  of  a  permit  for  a 
terminal  and  bridge  approach. 

The  bill  granled  the  right  to  construct  an  overhead  railway  along  the  New  York  water- 
front to  connect  with  the  New  'Xork  Terminal  Railway's  tracks  of  the  same  company's 
bridge  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  no  limit  to  the  length  of  the  water-front  overhead  road 
was  named.  It  might  go  to  the  Battery  south  and  north  to  the  Yonkers  line,  and  a  careful 
study  of  its  provisions  for  compensation  failed  to  discover  anything  under  which  the  city 
could  force  the  company  to  pay  for  this  invaluable  privilege  more  than  $00,000  a  year, 
compensation  depending  on  computation  of  gross  receipts  by  a  system  that  would  enable 
the  company  to  show  that  its  bridge  earned  eveiything,   the  water-front  terminal  nothing. 

THE  WORLD  denounced  it  as  a  steal  that  made  the  Ramapo  job  look  insignificant. 

A  further  analysis  of  the  bill  developed  the  astounding  fact  that  it  did  not  guarantee 
the  construction  of  the  bridge  over  the  Hudson  at  all.  In  other  words,  the  holders  of  the 
franchise  could  build  and  operate  the  overhead  road  along  the  water-front,  on  the  recently 
reclaimed  and  enormously  valuable  bulkheads  of  the  city,  and  practically  force  shipping 
Interests  to  transmit  goods  to  and  from  their  piers  on  their  tracks,  and  besides,  under  the 
provisions  of  the  bill,  the  company  would  have  the  right  to  construct  spurs  and  branches 
across  town  through  every  street,  and  up  and  down  through  any  avenue. 

"Next  to  rapid  transit,"  said  THE  WORLD,  "nothing  will  do  so  much  good  for  New 
York  as  a  bridge  over  the  Hudson  annexing  New  Y'ork  to  the  continent,  and  there  must  be 
a  connecting  road  along  the  water-front  to  collect  and  distribute  the  enormous  traffic  that 
would  pass  over  it.  But  this  is  no  reason  why  the  city  should  not  get  a  suitable  payment 
for  this  privilege,  and  there  is  every  reason  why  such  a  franchise  should  not  become  a 
perpetual  monopoly." 

All  these  points  were  laid  before  Governor  Odell,  who  vetoed  the  measure  in  a  ringing 
message,  in  which  he  recited  the  very  objections  raised  by  THE  WORLD. 

FATHER  OF  GREAT  INSURANCE  REFORMS. 

It  cannot  be  disputed  that  the  most  herculean  task  ever  attempted  and  performed  with 
amazing  results  by  a  newspaper  has  been  the  cleaning  of  the  augean  stables  of  life  insur- 
ance companies  by  THE  WORLD.  The  labor  is  still  going  on,  and  THE  WORLD'S  cam- 
paign against  extravagance  and  corruption  by  men  who  have  posed  as  the  zealous  guardians 
of  widows  and  orphans  is  too  fresh  in  the  mind  of  the  public  to  make  necessary  more  than 
a  brief  rehearsal  of  THE  WORLD'S  war  against  insurance  vices  during  the  past  two 
years.  It  was  THE  WORLD  that  awakened  the  press  of  the  country  and  millions  of  policy- 
holders to  join  in  its  thundering  denunciation  of  the  crimes  of  high-paid  insurance  company 
officials.  It  was  THE  WORLD  that  first  produced  evidences  of  these  crimes,  and  it  was 
THE  WORLD  that  first  bearded  in  his  den  at  Albany  the  "silent"  lion,  Francis  Hendricks, 
State  Superintendent  of  Insurance,  and  later  exclusively  published  the  report  of  Mr.  Hen- 
drick's  Investigation  of  the  affairs  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society  before  District-_^ 
Attorney  Jerome  could  get  a  copy.  It  was  THE  WORLD'S  insistence  which  led  to  Governor 
Higgins  requesting  the  appointment  of  a  Legislative  Investigating  Committee,  and,  better 
still,  to  a  real  investigation,  calling  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  testimony^  taken  by  the 
Superintendent  plainly  showed  that  THE  WORLD'S  charge  that  there  was  a  combination, 
or  "system,"  in  which  the  Equitable.  New  York,  Mutual  and  Prudential  Insurance  Com- 
panies were  engaged,  and  worked  together,  was  proven. 

Governor  Higgins  finally  yielded  to  THE  WORLD'S  pressure  "because  of  the  great 
public  demand  for  it,"  and  sent  a  special  message  to  the  extraordinary  session  of  the  Legis- 
lature requesting  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  investigate  insurance  methods,  and 
report  to  the  next  session,  with  recommendations  for  changes  in  the  laws  so  as  to  more 
completely  safeguard  the  interests  of  policy-holders,  "although  I  am  still  of  the  mind  that 
there  is  nothing  to  be  gained  by  it." 

The  people  know  whether  "anything  has  been  gained  by  it." 

The  story  of  the  "system,"  as  revealed  in  testimony  before  the  Armstrong  Committee, 
reads  like  a  recital  of  what  THE  WORLD  had  been  telling  for  months  before  the  com- 
IJllttfe  wag  namec|.     It  Phowf  that  mor?  tlian  %  mUlJon  4ollarg  ha§  been  spent  by  the  "pig 


38  The    World. 


Three"  In  corrupting  Legislatures  during  the  past  ten  years;  that  each  of  these  companies 
paid  $50,000  to  $75,000  to  the  Republican  National  Committee  to  help  along  the  election  of 
McKlnley  in  1900,  and  like  sums  In  1904  to  the  Roosevelt  campaign  fund,  substantiating 
the  charge  made  by  THE  WORLD  during  that  campaign  and  denied  by  the  Republican 
managers  with  much  righteous  indignation. 

Hyde  testified  that  the  Mercantile  Trust  Company,  one  of  the  Equitable's  subsidiary 
companies,  was  "held  up"  by  ex-Governor  Odell  and  made  to  pay  him  his  losses  in  the 
Shipbuilding  Trust  fiasco.  Hyde  said  that  Odell's  friend  Harriman  told  him  it  would  be 
best  to  settle  Odell's  suit.  He  feared  Odell  would  make  reprisals.  Senator  Ambler  had 
introduced  a  bill  cancelling  the  charter  of  the  Mercantile  Trust  Company,  one  of  the  most 
valuable  of  the  assets  of  the  Equitable.  Odell  could  stop  this  bill.  Odell  got  $75,000  in 
settlement,  and  the  Ambler  bill  was  allowed  to  sleep  to  death  "in  committee." 

Harriman  and  Odell  denied  Hyde's  story,  and  a  jury  of  twelve  clergymen,  to  whom 
the  question  was  submitted,  were  unable  to  agree  as  to  which  of  these  witnesses  was  guilty 
of  perjury. 

The  investigation  revealed  that  the  Mutual  and  the  New  York  Life  were  run  as 
strictly  family  affairs  by  the  McCurdys  and  the  McCalls;  that  Richard  A.  McCurdy  received 
a  salary  of  $150,000  a  year,  a  rise  of  $146,000  in  twenty  years,  and  that  the  Mutual  had 
paid  an  aggregate  of  $4,018,007  to  McCurdy,  his  son,  his  son-in-law,  and  other  members  of 
the  McCurdy  family— more  than  the  salaries  of  all  the  Presidents  of  the  United  States 
during  116  years  combined. 

The  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company  paid  $509,127  for  "legislation,"  which  is  only 
another  name  for  "bribery." 

The  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society  loaned  $250,000  to  the  Depew  Improvement  Com- 
pany in  1895,  and  no  interest  had  ever  been  paid  until  THE  WORLD'S  exposures.  Then 
the  original  loan  was  repaid  in  full,   with   interest. 

The  Equitable  had  a  "Yellow  Dog"  fund  in  the  Mercantile  Trust  Company  in  the  form 
of  a  loan.  It  amounted  to  $685,000  when  THE  WORLD  began  its  crusade.  It  had  been 
$1,400,000  at  one  time.  It  was  secured  by  the  notes  of  James  W.  Alexander,  Thomas  D. 
Jordan,  comptroller  of  the  Equitable,  and  William  H.  Mclntyre,  fourth  vice-president.  It 
was  used  to  enable  the  Equitable  to  make  secret  payments  and  avoid  scandal.  Out  of  it 
were  paid  political  campaign  assessments,  to  the  settlement  of  blackmailing  suits  and  the 
like.'  After  the  exposure  this  loan  was  mysteriously  paid  and  the  account  settled,  Hyde 
paying  $212,000  of  it  out  of  his  own  pocket. 

"UTiile  the  salaries  of  the  McCurdy  family  were  mounting,  the  dividends  to  policy- 
holders went  down.  In  1872  the  dividend  on  a  $5,000  policy  was  $149.96.  In  1889  it  was 
$110;  in  1893,  $50;  in  1903,  $22,  and  In  1904  it  had  got  down  to  $7.  The  average  policy  in 
the  Mutual  is  $2,346,  on  which  the  annual  premium  is  $95.  The  premiums  on  more  than 
1.500  policies  were  eaten  up  in  paj'ing  President  McCurdy's  salary,  and  the  salaries  of  all 
the  McCurdys  ate  up  the  premiums  on  4,784  such  policies,  or  all  the  dividends  on  109,922 
policies. 

President  John  A.  McCall,  of  the  New  York  Life,  admitted  that  his  companj'  paid 
$235,000  to  Judge  Andrew  Hamilton,  the  notorious  insurance  lobbyist  at  Albany,  but 
compromised  himself  by  swearing  he  did  not  know  what  was  done   with  the  money. 

The  capital  stock  of  the  Equitable  is  only  $100,000.  of  which  Hyde  held  by  inheritance 
$52,200,  par  value.  The  law  under  which  the  Equitable  operates  limits  Hyde's  profit  on 
his  holdings  to  $3,514  in  annual  dividends,  yet  he  sold  his  stock  to  Thomas  P.  Ryan  for 
$2,500,000,  after  declining  an  offer  of  $7,000,000,  because  of  its  possibilities  as  a  money- 
maker through  "juggling"  by  the  "system." 

Cashier  Banta,  of  the  New  York  Life,  testified  how  the  Chemical  National  Bank  evaded 
paying  taxes  by  "borrowing"  $700,000  worth  of  bonds  from  the  company,  leaving  its  check 
for  that  amount,  and  after  the  tax-gatherer  had  passed  by  brought  the  bonds  back  and 
exchanged  them  for  the  check. 

The  Mutual  maintained  a  house  in  Albany  called  the  "House  of  Mirth,"  where  mem- 
bers of  the  Legislature  were  welcome  free  guests,  and  ex-Senator  Charles  P.  McClelland, 
who  was  promoted  to  a  membership  in  the  Board  of  Appraisers  by  President  Roosevelt, 
was  one  who  lived  there. 

For  five  years  Senator  Depew  had  been  paid  an  attorney  fee  of  $20,000  a  year,  and 
David  B.  Hill  $5,000  a  year;  Elihu  Root,  Premier  in  the  Roosevelt  Cabinet,  had  received 
$25,000  in  the  first  half  of  1905;  the  Mercantile  Safe-Deposit  Company  was  earning  29  per 
cent,  dividends,  "all  at  the  expense  of  the  parent  company."  the  Equitable,  and  Superin- 
teiKjent  Hendricks  said  all  TH^  WORT-^P'S  charges  regardins^  the  Hyde-Alexancler  iyndj* 


The    'World.  39 


cates,  and  their  looting  of  the  funds  in  loans,  sales  of  securities  at  inflated  prices,  and  the 
like,  were  true,  and  that  Hyde  and  Alexander  ought  to  refund. 

On  the  reading  of  the  evidence,  the  Merchants*  Association  held  an  indignation  meet- 
ing, and  passed  resolutions  declaring  these  givers  of  the  money  of  policy-holders  to  campaign 
funds  "plain  thieves,"  and  demanding  that  they  be  removed  and  that  they  be  compelled  to 
make  restitution. 

The  year  1906  crowned  with  glorious  triumph  THE  WORLD'S  struggle  against  insur- 
ance corruption  when  the  New  York  State  Legislature  passed  the  Armstrong  'bills,  reor- 
ganizing and  remodelling  the  whole  systena  of  life  insurance  in  the  State  of  New  York. 
These  laws  embody  the  exact  insurance  reforms  recommended  by  THE  WORLD  in  the  best 
interests  of  the  policy-holders.  They  wipe  out  the  whole  tainted  system,  the  foundations  of 
which  were  laid  by  Henry  B.  Hyde  more  than  forty  years  ago,  and  were  wrought  to  per- 
fection by  adroit  men  during  the  years  that  followed,  until  its  alliances  reached  into  the 
Capitol  of  every  State  in  the  Union,  into  the  United  States  Senate,  and  into  the  organiza- 
tions of  both  political  parties.  It  sought  to  buy  Ambassadorships;  it  corrupted  Legislatures, 
and  paid  for  it  all  with  the  savings  of  policy-holders  all  over  the  earth,  turning  the  pro- 
ceeds of  their  thrift  into  the  channels  of  political  and  financial  corruption. 

The  Convention  composed  of  Insurance  Commissioners,  Governors  and  other  public 
officials  of  a  number  of  States  at  Chicago  in  March,  190G,  adopted  almost  word  for 
word.  THE  WORLD'S  life  insurance  reform  platform.  The  Arena  said:  "THE 
XEW  YORK  WORLD,  seizing  on  the  opportunity  for  the  unmasking  of  the  festering 
moral  corruption,  began  a  series  of  editorial  leaders  devoted  to  the  expose  of  the  true 
Inwardness  of  the  company  that  have  seldom,  if  ever,  been  equalled  for  boldness  and 
lucidity  of  persistence." 

A  review  of  some  of  the  occurrences  following  THE  WORLD'S  merciless  blows  reads 
like  a  page  of  tragedy. 

John  A.  Me^Call,  late  president  of  the  Xew  York  Life  Insurance  Company,  after  making 
a  brave  defenct;  pf.his  management  and  justifying  it  with  so  much  earnestness  that  the 
conviction  was  fprced  upon  most  people  that  he  had  really  erred  moi-e  in  the  head  than  the 
heart,  first  gave  up  all  that  he  had  in  partial  restitution,  and  then  died  of  a  broken  heart, 
leaving  his  family  practically  penniless;  James  W.  Alexander,  former  president  of  the 
Equitable  Life  ^vssurance  Society,  whose  dislike  and  jealousy  of  James  Hazen  Hyde  gave 
THE  WORLD  the  instrument  it  had  been  searching  for  for  many  months  with  which  to 
break  through  the  case-hardened  shell  of  the  egg  of  insurance  corruption  and  expose  the 
rottenness  inside,  is  mentally  and  physically  broken  down;  Richard  A.  McCurdy,  forraer 
president  of  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  is  a  physical  wreck,  vainly  searching 
in  Europe  for  health  and  surcease  of  worriment;  James  Hazen  Hyde,  former  vice-president 
of  the  Equitable,  is  an  exile;  Lewis  A.  Thebaud,  son-in-law  of  McCurdy,  is  an  exile,  and 
Robert  A.  McCurdy,  son  of  Richard,  has  been  forced  out  of  the  company;  Vice-President 
W.  H.  Mclntyre,  of  the  Hyde  regime,  has  been  forced  out  and  is  seeking  his  fortune  in  Texas; 
Vice-Presidents  Robert  A.  Grannis  and  Walter  R.  Gillette,  since  indicted  for  perjury,  and 
the  latter  convicted,  were  forced  to  resign;  "Judge"  Andrew  Hamilton,  who  "handled" 
over  $1,000,000  for  the  "Big  Four"  as  legislative  agent  and  was  never  asked  for  an  account- 
ing, is  no  longer  in  power;  Andrew  Fields,  who  was  a  legislative  agent  and  host  at  the 
"House  of  Mirth"  at  Albany,  has  been  dropped,  the  house  closed,  and  he  is  broken  in  health; 
Thomas  D.  Jordan,  former  comptroller  of  the  Equitable,  and  with  Hyde  and  Mclntyre  a 
co-trustee  of  the  $685,000  "yellow  dog"  fund,  out  of  which  secret  payments  •were  always 
made— as  of  political  campaign  contributions,  "promotion"  of  legislative  action  and  the  like 
—and  in  the  restoration  of  which  James  Hazen  Hyde  paid  $212,000  out  of  his  own-  pocket 
and  the  rest  came  from  anonymous  sources,  is  removed  from  affice;  Frederick  A.  Burnham, 
president  of  the  Mutual  Reserve  Life  Insurance  ^Company,  was  indicted  by  the  Grand  Jury 
five  times  for  larceny  and  forgery;  Vice-President  George  D,  Eldridge  v/as  also  indicted 
on  five  counts  of  larceny  and  forgery,  and  George  Burnham,  Jr.,  vice-president  of  the 
Mutual  Reserve,  was  tried  on  a  charge  of  grand  larceny. 

Suits  have  been  commenced  by  the  looted  companies  against  the  looters  or  "high 
financiers"  for  the  restoration  of  an  aggregate  of  more  than  $10,000,000,  and  there  are 
more  to  follow. 

All  of  this  is  the  result  of  the  persistence  of  THE  WORLD  having  for  its  aim  the 
service  of  the  people. 

THE   DESTRUCTION   OF   ST.    PIERRE. 

On  May  10,  1902.  THE  WORLD  gave  to  the  public  the  first  account  of  the  destruction 
e£  St.  Pierre,  oa  the  island  of  Martinique,  by  the  eruption  of  'Mount  Pelee,  the  suprem* 


40  The    World 


catastrophe  of  the  age,  rivalling  in  sudden,  swift  and  wholesale  annihilation  of  man  and 
his  works  the  greatest  tragedies  in  history,  the  burial  of  Pompeii,  the  swallowing  up  of 
Lisbon  by  an  earthquake,  and  the  cremation  of  Catania.  In  the  twinkling  of  an  eye  30,000 
people  passed  from  life  to  death.  Their  bodies  were  found  afterward,  just  as  they  had 
fallen,  unmarked.  They  had  been  asphyxiated  by  the  deadly  gases  of  the  lava-dust  which 
had  fallen   like   a  rain  storm  upon  the   land. 

Simultaneously  with  the  publication  of  the  news  THE  WORLD  appealed  to  the  public 
for  funds  and  supplies  for  the  relief  of  the  survivors  of  the  calamity,  and  at  the  same 
time  cabled* to  Governor  Hunt,  of  Porto  Rico,  to  charter  a  ship  and  send  relief  to  Mar- 
tinique in  its  name,  and  THE  WORLD  steamer  Longfellow,  on  May  17,  arrived  at  the 
island  with  the  first  relief  supplies.  It  carried  also  fifty  tons  of  supplies  from  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

A  WORLD  correspondent  at  Fort  de  France  was  the  first  to  reach  the  scene  of  the 
catastrophe.  Two  days  later  he  gave  the  first  complete  survey  of  the  situation,  and  told 
the  saddening  news  that  the  survivors  of  the  calamity  were  so  very  few  that  the  supplie.s 
already  received  were  ample  for  all  probable  needs.  From  the  first  THE  WORLD  easily 
led  in  the  completeness  and   comprehensiveness  of  its  accounts,   illustrated  by  photographs. 

At  the  same  time  the  long-smouldering  volcano  La  Soufriere  in  St.  Vincent  erupted, 
laying  waste  two-thirds  of  the  island,  and  killing  more  than  2,500  people.  In  a  tug, 
through  an  electric  storm  on  raging  seas,  THE  WORLD  correspondent  reached  St.  Vincent 
from  Fort  de  France,  and  after  traversing  the  devastated  British  island  sent  from  St. 
Lucia  the  first  complete   story  of  the   St.   Vincent  tragedy. 

THE   WORLD    AS    A    MEDIUM    OF    COMMUNICATION. 

One  of  the  proudest  distinctions  of  THE  WORLD  Is  its  long  record  of  occasions  when 
it  has  been  requested  to  lend  its  columns  to  distinguished  leaders  of  thought  and  action 
as  the  best  possible  medium  of  reaching  the  greatest  number  of  people  in  the  United 
States  and  in  all  directions  abroad.  The  pre-eminent  standing  of  THE  WORLD  as  an 
international  forum  has  so  long  been  undisputed  that  it  is  recognized"  "by  dignitaries 
everywhere  as  a  means  of  communication.  Elsewhere  is  told  how  marked'  was  the  service 
by  THE  WORLD  at  the  time  of  the  Venezuelan  boundary  dispute,  and  preceding  and 
during  the  South  African  war,  as  are  other  instances.  Among  the  many  additional 
examples  are  these: 

Ambassador  White  addressed  the  American  people  through  THE  WORLD  in  an  impres- 
sive summing  up  of  the  work  of  the  International  Peace  Conference  at  The  Hague,  saying: 
"It  marks  the  first  stage  of  the  abolition  of  the  scourge  of  war." 

The  last  great  public  utterance  of  Congressman  Nelson  Dingley,  Chairman  of  the  Ways 
and  Means  Committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  was  in  the  form  of  an  address  to 
the  people,  in  which  he  presented  an  able  and  remarkable  exposition  of  the  finances  of 
"Empire,"  and  he  chose  THE  WORLD  as  the  medium  through  which  to  reach  the  people. 

Emperor  William  II.  talked  to  the  people  of  this  country  through  THE  WORLD  of  a 
closer  union  of  the  L'nited  States  with  Germany. 

Cardinal  Gibbons,  head  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  America,  reached  the  people 
through  THE  WORLD  in  a  3,000-word  communication  on   "The  Cancer  of  Divorce." 

Vice-President  Figuere,  of  San  Domingo,  informed  the  American  people  through  a 
despatch  to  THE  WORLD  that  the  assassination  of  President  Heureaux  was  a  murder, 
not  a  political  killing.  This  gave  much  reli^ef  to  those  having  commercial  connections 
likely  to  be  injured  by  an  uprising  in  the  "Black  Republic." 

Governor  Jennings,  of  Florida,  desiring  to  thank  the  people  of  New  Tork  for  their 
prompt  and  generous  assistance  to  the  fire  sufferers  of  Jacksonville,  did  it  through  the 
recognized  medium.  "The  people  of  Florida,"  said  her  chief  magistrate  in  a  telegram  to 
THE  WORLD,  "are  grateful  to  the  people  of  New  York.  I  beg  you  to  express  our  earnest 
gratitude." 

The  first  message  sent  out  by  King  Edward  VII.  after  his  accession  was  to  THE 
WORLD.     It  was  a  message  of  thanks  for  the  sympathy  of  the  American  people. 

In  those  trying  days  when  Queen  Wilhelmlna  and  all  the  statesmen  of  Holland  were 
striving  to  smooth  out  the  domestic  troubles  of  the  Queen  and  her  Prince  Consort,  THE 
WORLD  was  asked  by  the  authorities  at  The  Hague  to  deny  to  the  American  public 
the  sensational  rumors  of  the  domestic  discord. 

Zanardelli,  the  Italian  Prime  Minister,  told  the  people  of  America  through  THE 
WORLD  how  he  admired  the  United  States,  and  hoped  the  eadstlng  feeling  of  mutual  good 
will  might  grow  stronger  every  d6,y. 


The    World  41 


Upon  his  inaugruration  as  President  of  the  Republic  of  Cuba,  Senor  T.  Estrada  Palma 
outlined  his  policy  in  THE  WORLD  for  the  information  of  the  American  people. 

Like  an  appeal  was  the  message  sent  to  the  American  people  through  THE  WORLD 
by  the  venerable  Danish  Senator  Thygeson,  who,  at  nienty-seven  years  of  age,  was  making 
his  last  fight  against  parting  with  the  Danish  Indies  to  the  United  States:  "Tell  the 
people  of  An,j6rtca  the  United  States  is  grand  and  big  enough  without  those  small  islands, 
but  Denmark  is  small,   and  cannot  afford   to  get  any  smaller." 

The  Prince  of  Wales  and  the  Duke  of  York,  Gladstone,  Lord  Rosebery,  Cardinals  Logue 
and  Vaughan,  Archbishops.  Bishops,  and  other  dignitaries  of  church  and  state  in  Great  Brit- 
ain, who  responded  to  THE  WORLD'S  request  for  a  Christmas  sentiment  at  the  time  of  the 
Venezuela  war  excitement,  and  thus  helped  to  allay  that  excitement,  set  the  example  and 
made  a  precedent  for  other  public  personages  in  Europe  to  speak  to  the  great  people 
through  the  press,  according  to   the  American  method.     They  set  the  fashion  of  publicity. 

During  the  same  week  in  which  King  Oscar  addressed  himself  to  America  and  the 
universe  through  THE  WORLD,  views  and  statements  from  Prince  Bismarck,  President 
Cleveland,  General  Gomez  and  Marshal  Campos  were  given  publicity  through  the  same 
medium. 

William  O'Brien's  manifesto,  published  in  THE  WORLD,  was  accepted  on  both  sides 
of  the  Atlantic  as  the  first  authoritative  declaration  of  the  policy  of  the  Irish  party  In  the 
new  Parliament. 

Richard  OIney,   President  Cleveland's  great  Secretary  of  State,   addressed   the  people  of' 
the  country  on  the  issues  of  the  1000  campaign  by  the  medium  of  a  letter  published  exclu- 
sively  in   THE  WORLD. 

Dato  Mandi,  a  fiamous  Sulu  chief,  sent  a  message  to  the  American  people  through 
THE  WORLD  that  "You  have  displaced  Spain  in  my  affections,  and  I  am  a  loyal  Ameri- 
can   citizen." 

In  ISOo  the  vital  question  in  European  politics  early  in  June  was  the  result  of  the 
German  elections  and  the  attitude  toward  the  subject  of  the  Army  bill  of  the  leaders  on 
both  sides.  The  position  of  Kaiser  Wilhelm  II.  was  first  known  in*  an  authoritative 
statement  of  his  favorite  minister,  Dr.  Miquel,  made  through  THE  WORLD.  The  follov.-- 
ing  day,  June  IS,  Wilhelm  Liebknecht,  the  leader  of  the  German  Socialists,  replied  in  a 
remarkable  statement.  He  voiced  the  Socialist  hatred  of  Bismarck,  said  anarchy  was 
nonsense,  predicted  that  the  Kaiser's  Army  bill  would  be  defeated,  and  that  a  series  of 
great  political  battles  was  inevitable. 

It  was  in  1S93,  too,  when  the  personality  and  policy  of  Mgr.  Satolli  the  Apostolic 
Delegate  and  head  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  this  country,  were  shrouded  in  mystery,  that 
THE  WORLD  interviewed  him  and  sketched  from  life  his  various  attitudes.  It  broke 
through  his  European  conservatism,  and  made  him  quick  to-  appreciate  THE  WORLD  and 
its  position  as  a  public  institution.  As  head  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  America  he  spoke 
through  THE  WORLD  to  the  millions  of  the  faithful  regarding  his  mission  and  work.  At 
the  same  time  was  depicted  Satolli,  the  man.  in  a  series  of  instantaneous  sketches  from  life. 
The  great  ecclesiastic,  wielding  the  power  of  a  Richelieu,  was  seen  to  be  a  man  of  simple 
habits  and  austere  tastes.  The  interview  was  widely  copied  and  commented  upon,  and 
public  curiosity  as  to  the   new   figure  in   American   public   life   was   satisfied. 

Gov.  Joseph  D.  Sayers,  of  Texas,  communicated  his  thanks  to  the  American  people  for 
their  aid  to  stricken  Galveston  through  THE  WORLD. 

United  States  Minister  Conger,  imprisoned  in  Peking,  and  in  hourly  peril  of  becoming 
a  victim  to  the  Boxer  assassins,  cabled  to  THE  WORLD  the  first  message  that  had 
escaped  the  Chinese  censor  in  ten  days.  It  was  addressed  to  his  fellow-countrymen,  an 
appeal  to  "Save  us  or  avenge  us." 

When  Admiral  Dewey,  told  by  thousands  of  his  admirers  that  the  people  wanted  him 
for  their  President,  and  urged  to  .say  he  would  accept  a  nomination  if  tendered,  decided 
to  state  his  position  to  his  countrymen,  ho  selected  THE  WORLD  as  the  medium  through 
which  he  would  most  surely  reach  them  all,  saying,  "If  the  American  people  want  mo  for 
the  high  office  of  President,  I  shall  be  only  too  happy  to  serve  them.  It  is  the  highest 
honor  in   the  gift  of  the  nation;   what   citizen   would  refuse?" 

M.  Emile  Loubet.  President  of  the  French  Republic,  addressed  a  "greeting  to  the 
American  people,"  through  THE  WORLD  of  April  15,  1900,  on  the  opening  of  the  Universal 
Exposition  at  Paris.  It  was  full  of  high,  good  sense,  simple  cordiality,  and  generous 
enthusiasm  for  "the  great  Republic  across  the  ocean,  whose  glorious  past  and  wonderful 
present  contain  so  much  that  challenges  France's  special  regard."  Next  day  M.  Cambon, 
Frencli  Ambassador  to  Washington,  epitomized  the  reason  for  the  natural  affection  of  the 


42  The    World. 


peoples  of  the  two  republics  In  the  epigram,  "French  blood  drenched  the  Revolutionary 
battlefields." 

Prince  Henry  greeted  the  American  people  through  THE  WORLD;  and  the  Kaiser, 
throug-h  THE  WORLD,  thanked  the  American  people  for  their  welcome  to  his  brother. 

When  every  newspaper  in  the  land  had  published  General  Wheaton's  criticism  of 
President  Schurman's  Philippine  speech,  saying  "Men  have  been  sent  to  prison  in  the 
Philippines  for  talking-  like  that,"  Dr.  Schurman  chose  THE  WORLD  as  the  medium 
through  which  to  address  the  American  people  in  reply. 

Nicholas,  Czar  of  all  the  Russias,  thanked  America  for  kindly  interest  through  THE 
WORLD. 

Queen  Wilhelmina  cabled  to  THE  WORLD  her  thanks  to  America  for  interest  in  her 
illness. 

John  C.  Dimsdale,  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  sent  a  message  to  America  through  THE 
WORLD  regarding  the  King's  illness. 

General  Botha  cabled  to  THE  WORLD  a  final  statement  of  the  position  and  policy 
of  the  Boers, 

Mayor  Low  and  every  head  of  department  of  the  Reform  Administration  made  their 
first  report  to  the  people  throug-h  THE  WORLD  of  the  work  of  their  departments  for  the 
first  six  months.     Comptroller  Grout  had  given  an  exclusive  report  to  THE  WORLD  earlier. 

It  was  through  the  columns  of  THE  WORLD  that  Gov.-Gren.  Leonard  Wood  presented 
his  report  of  his  stewardship  on  the  eve  of  his  surrendering  the  Government  of  Cuba  to 
President  Palma,  of  the  new  republic. 

When  the  scattered  and  demoralized  hosts  of  Democracy,  apparently  arrived  at  the 
turning  point,  cast  about  for  a  leader  and  guidance,  and  Grover  Cleveland,  that  sturdy 
leader  to  victory  in  the  past,  recognizing  that  the  time  had  come  for  him  to  break  the 
silence  of  six  years,  chose  THE  WORLD  as  the  medium  through  which  to  address  his 
penitent  party  on  "The  Future  of  Democracy."  He  knew  that  through  it  he  could  most 
surely  reach  the  masses,  and  delivered  the  summons  to  Democrats  to  return  again  to 
Democratic  principles,  which  carried  courage   to  every  Democrat  in  the  country. 

Mr.  Addicks,  the  man  who,  at  an  expense  of  $20,000  a  year,  kept  Delaware  without 
representation  in  the  L'nited  States  Senate  because  of  his  ambition  to  be  a  Senator,  and 
the  corruption  of  the  Legislature,  "expressed  his  grief"  through  THE  WORIiD  because  of 
the  bad  reputation  the  newspapers  have  given  him  in  the  land.  He  knew  he  could  make 
his  "grief"   known  to  everybody  through  THE  WORIID. 

Andrew  Carnegie  told  the  people  of  America  through  THE  WORLD  that  he  had  offered 
to  President  McKinley  to  pay  $20,000,000  for  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  set  the  "little 
brown  men  free."  Said  he  to  the  people  in  Maj',  1903:  "I  would  gladly  pay  twenty  mil- 
lions to-day  to  restore  our  Republic  to  its  first  principles." 

It  was  to  the  columns  of  THE  WORLD  that  M.  Serge  De  Witte,  the  great  Russian 
diplomat,  trusted  his  parting  message  of  friendship  to  the  Jews  of  America  and  the  promise 
of  his  protection  for  their  brethren   in  Russia: 

"Tell  the  Russian  Jews  through  THE  WORLD  that  T  am  greatly  delighted  at  then- 
behavior  in  this  country.  I  am  much  pleased  at  the  way  they  are  building  themselves  up. 
Tell  them  that,  with  the  help  of  God.  if  there  happen  to  be  any  more  disturbances  and 
misunderstandings  in  Russia,  they  v.-ill  soon  pass  away.  Tell  them  this  is  my  greeting  on 
the  eve  of  my  departure  to  the  Russian  Jews  of  this  country." 

A  little  later  Lamsdorf,  the  Czar's  Chancellor,  cabled  to  THE  WORLD  his  message 
to  the  American  people,  saying  that  their  President  had  earned  a  clear  title  to  the  $40,000 
peace  prize  bequeathed  by  the  late  Alfred  Nobel,  a  Russian,  to  be  given  to  him  who  had 
rendered  the  most  eminent  services  to  humanity  and  for  the  promotion  of  peace  between 
Russia  and  Japan  having  been  largely  the  result  of  the  President's  efforts. 

Premier  Fejervary  presented  the  defence  of  the  interim  ministry  in  Hungarj'  and  advo- 
cated universal  suffrage  for  the  Hungarians  in  a  signed  statement  in  THE  WORLD.  A 
Prime  Minister's  signed  statement  about  a  grave  crisis  involving  possible  revolution  in  a 
gi-eat  European  power  was  certainly  a  remarkable  newspaper  feature.  But  this  was  fol- 
lowed by  the  statement  of  the  appeals  of  Francis  Kossuth,  leader  of  the  Independence 
party,  and  Count  Apponyi,  and  thus  THE  WORLD  became  the  forum  for  a  full  discussion 
of  the  political  situation  and  crisis  in  Hungary. 

Emile  Combes,  late  Premier  of  France,  wishing  to  speak  his  gratitude  to,  and  admira- 
tion for.  President  Roosevelt  for  his  part  in  bringing  about  peace  between  Russia  and 
Japan  to  the  American  people,  addressed  them  in  a  long  cabled  message  through  the  cus- 
ftomary  medium  of  communication  with  tbem-     Prince  Louis  of  Battenberg  wrote  his  com- 


The    World  43 


pliments  to  America  for  the  hospitality  of  her  people  on  his  sailing  for  Europe  to  THE 
Yv'ORLD,  and  "the  divine  Sarah"  Bernhardt  sent  her  greetings  to  America  on  ahead  by 
wireless  telegraph  to  THE  WORLD  while  her  ship  was  yet  two  days  out  at  sea. 

Postmaster-General  Gary,  when  he  desired  to  inform  the  people  of  the  United  States 
that  he  was  preparing  to  introduce  a  national  scheme  for  postal  saving  banks,  selected 
THE  WORLD,  which  first  proposed,  and  has  strongly  advocated,  the  project  as  the  medium 
through  which  to  address  the  people. 

THE    WORLD    AND    GOVERNOR    HUGHES. 

THE  WORLD  was  the  first  paper  to  m-ge  the  Republicans  of  New  York  State  to 
nominate  Charles  Evans  Hughes  for  Governor,  which  it  did  on  March  19,  1906,  when  it 
said  in  a  leading  editorial: 

"The  insurance  question  makes  Charles  E.  Hughes  the  logical  candidate  of  his  party 
for  Governor,  for  he  is  the  very  personification  of  the  Issue.  Moreover,  his  monumental 
work  as  counsel  for  the  Armstrong  Committee  has  earned  for  him  any  office  within  the  gift 
of  the  people  of  New  York." 

Daily,  until  the  Republican  convention  at  Saratoga  heeded  its  advice,  THE  WORLD 
pleaded  with  the  delegates  to  lift  their  party,  by  the  nomination  of  Hughes,  above  the 
levels  to  which  It  had  been  dragged  by  unscrupulous  machine  politicians.  It  threw  the 
limelight  of  publicity  on  the  coquetting  of  "Boss"  Murphy  and  William  R.  Hearst,  and 
warned  the  Republicans  that  Hearst,  as  an  independent  nominee,  would  not  be  a  weak  can- 
didate, as  the  Republican  leaders  believed.  It  showed,  however,  that  if  Hearst  carried 
Tammany  on  his  back  Hughes  could  beat  him.  The  Murphy-Hearst  deal  went  through  at 
the  Buffalo  convention,  which  nominated  Hearst.  Governor  Higgins,  frightened,  declined 
a  renfimlnation  at  Saratoga,  and  Hughes  consented  to  head  a  weak  ticket — and  alone  the 
day  after  election  he  towered  above  its  wreck.  So  ardently  did  THE  WORLD  support 
Hughes  during  the  campaign  that  Harper's  Weekly  said:  "With  the  exception  of  Mr. 
Hughes  himself,  the  most  able  and  zealous  supporter  of  the  Republican  ticket  in  the  State 
of  New  York  is  THE  NEW  YORK  WORLD."  To  which  THE  WORLD  replied:  "Not  'the 
Republican  ticket  in  the  State;'  by  no  means!  THE  AVORLD  asks  independent  voters  to 
make  Hu^jhes  Governor  for  his  record,  for  his  character,  for  his  ability,  for  his  manly 
pledges  of  energetic  action.     It  asks  no  man  to  vote  for  such  Republicans  as  Merton  Lewis." 

A  careful  canvass  of  the  voters  of  the  city  was  made  by  THE  WORLD,  and  a  pains- 
taking survey  of  the  situation  in  the  rural  counties,  and  upon  the  results  obtained,  THE 
WORLD  boldly  predicted  three  days  before  the  election  that  Hughes  would  be  elected.  On 
November  4  it  said:  "Many  thousands  of  Democrats  will  vote  for  Hughes.  The  up- 
State  Democratic  organization  has  gone  out  of  business.  The  Brooklyn  organization  has 
repudiated  Hearst.  Tammany  is  split.  Croker  has  denounced  Murpfiy's  deal  with  Hearst 
as  un-Democratic,  and  unless  many  thousands  of  Republicans  vote  for  Murphy's  candidate, 
Hearst  has  not  a  ghost  of  a  chance  of  election." 

"TO    HARLEM    IN    FIFTEEN    MINUTES!" 

Greatest  of  its  accomplishments  in  its  many  efforts  for  a  betterment  of  passenger 
transit  conditions  in  Greater  New  York  is  THE  WORLD'S  securing  of  fast  trains  to  Harlem. 
On  April  8,  1S93,  it  said  in  an  editorial: 

"To  Harlem  in  Fifteen  Minutes!  That  and  nothing  less  is  rapid  transit.  That  is  what 
the  city  needs,  and  the  elevated  road  can  never  give.  That  is  what  the  city  will  get  unless 
impatience  surrenders  the  prospect  to  the  greed  of  the  elevated  monopoly.  To  Harlem  in 
Fifteen   Minutes!" 

On  October  27,  1904,  after  eleven  and  a  half  years'  persistent  fight  by  THE  WORLD, 
the  great  $40,000,000  subway  and  viaduct  rapid  transit  railroad  from  end  to  end  of  the  "old" 
City  of  New  York,  now  the  Boroughs  of  Manhattan  and  the  Bronx,  was  opened  with  appro- 
priate ceremonies  at  the  City  Hall,  and  Mayor  McClellan's  hand  on  the  electrical  controller 
in  the  motorman's  box  of  the  first  train  over  the  line.  Thirty  thousand  people  thronged 
City  Hall  Park,  making  a  gala  day  of  it,  and  shouting  their  approval  of  the  new  road, 
and  100,000  others  massed  themselves  about  the  stations  along  the  line.  Their  rallying  cry 
was  "To  Harlem  in  Fifteen  Minutes,"  and  nearly  all  the  accounts  of  the  occasion  began 
with  these  words.  Fourteen  minutes  is  schedule  time  for  express  train  runs  from  City 
Hall   Station  to  Ninety-sixth  Street,   Harlem. 

At  the  opening  day  celebration  credit  was  freely  given  to  THE  WORLD.  John  H. 
Starin,  the  Nestor  of  rapid  transit,  who  was  a  member  of  the  original  Rapid  Transit  Com- 
mission, appointed  by  Mayor  Grant  in  1890,   and  who  is  still  a  member,   said: 

"This  should  be  a  day  of  special  satisfaction  to  THE  WORLD.    It  was  THE  WORLD 


44  '  The    World. 


that  started  agitation  for  rapid  transit  fully  fifteen  years  ago.  It  has  never  flagged  In  Its 
zeal  for  the  project.  Early  and  late,  It  has  kept  up  its  cry  for  rapid  transit.  It  secured 
and  published  a  vast  amount  of  information  concerning  underground  roads  throughout  the 
world  and  made  the  idea  familiar  to  its  readers. 

"THE  WORLD  has  advocated  and  helped  to  secure  the  passage  of  every  law  v/hich  has 
been  secured  to  advance  the  project.  Its  enterprise  in  sending  a  trainload  of  people  to 
Albany  on  one  occasion  prevented  the  passage  of  a  bill  that  would  have  been  harmful. 

"THE  WORLD  advocated  the  lending  of  the  city's  credit  to  the  enterprise  when  the 
idea  of  municipal  ownership  was  a  novelty,  and  it  was  THE  WORLD,  after  consolidation, 
helped  to  secure  constitutional  amendments  that  made  possible  the  selling  of  the  neces- 
sary bonds  to  proceed  with  the  construction  of  the  road.  For  these  reasons  I  say  THE 
WORLD  has  special  reason  for  congratulating  itself  and  for  being  congratulated. 

"Back  in  those  days,"  continued  General  Starin,  "THE  WORLD  was  our  one  support 
among  the  newspapers.  It  was  always  aggressively  optimistic,  while  certain  others  were 
caricaturing  us  as  guests  of  Barbarossa's  table,  fast  asleep,  and  our  beards  taking  root  In 
the  table-top,  and  the  big  hole  still  not  dug.  The  work  of  THE  WORLD  for  rapid  transit 
has  been  magnificent,  and  its  importance  can  hardly  be  overestimated.  In  fact,  I  have 
sometimes  wondered  whether  we  could  have  been  successful  without  it." 

President  Alexander  E.  Orr,  of  the  Rapid  Transit  Commission,  said: 

"THE  WORLD'S  slogan,  'To  Harlem  in  Fifteen  Minutes,'  was  adopted  as  a  pledge.  It 
Is  now  fulfilled.  THE  WORLD  has  reason  to  feel  proud  of  the  course  it  has  pursued  in  this 
matter." 

William  Barclay  Parsons,  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Rapid  Transit  Commission:  "It  I§  an 
admitted  fact  that  THE  WORLD  has  stood  by  the  Commission  and  fought  for  the  subway 
from  the  start.  It  has  been  the  one  unfailing  friend  of  rapid  transit  among  the  newspapers 
of  New  York.  THE  WORLD'S  cry:  'To  Harlem  in  Fifteen  Minutes,'  is  now  possible  with 
a  completed  subway." 

No  public  service  in  the  long  list  of  those  performed  by  THE  WORLD  affords  it  mora 
satisfaction  or  has  brought  to  it  more  commendation  than  its  fifteen-year  fight,  most  of  the 
time  single  handed,  for  real  rapid  transit  for  the  Metropolis,  brought  to  a  complete  success- 
ful issue  on  October  27,  1904. 

THE  WORLD'S  RECOGNITION  OF  WOMEN. 

In  the  work  of  uplifting  woman  THE  WORLD  has  long  been  without  a  peer  among 
newspapers.  In  its  championship  of  woman's  advance  toward  that  higher  life  which  Is  the 
ideal  of  the  sociologist  it  has  been  splendidly  aided  by  the  pens  of  many  eminent  and  pro- 
gressive women,  as  well  as  by  thoughtful  contributions  from  thousands  of  women  in  the 
more  retired  walks  of*  life.  THE  WORLD'S  views  of  woman's  proper  place  are  exalted 
ones;  and  especially  do  THE  EVENING  WORLD  and  THE  SUNDAY  WORLD  teem  with 
the  news,  gossip,  helpful  hints  and  other  subjects  dear  to  the  feminine  heart.  THE 
WORLD  believes  in  the  power  of  the  hand  that  rocks  the  cradle,  and  it  applauds  and 
assists  every  well-directed  effort  to  broaden  woman's  sphere  of  influence,  recognizing  in 
every  self-respecting,  useful  woman  a  queen  of  the  earth,  whether  she  actually  sits  upon 
a  throne  or  rules  in  her  domestic  palace,   the  home. 

In  the  long  list  of  women  whose  articles  or  other  expressions  in  THE  WORLD  have 
attracted  widespread  attention  are  found  the  names  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Susan 
B.  Anthony,  Queen  Victoria,  Adelina  Patti,  Sarah  Bernhardt,  Rejane  Emma  Nevada, 
"Jennie  June"  (Mrs.  J.  C.  Croley),  Mrs,  Russell  Sage,  Mrs.  Harriet  Hubbard  Ayer,  Maude 
Adams,  Marie  Corelli,  Julia  Marlowe,  Mrs.  John  Gilbert,  Lady  Drummond,  Mrs.  Burton 
Harrison,  Beatrice  Harraden,  Mrs.  John  King  Van  Rensselaer,  Mrs.  Hetty  Green,  Elizabeth 
Stuart  Phelps,  Countess  de  St.  Maurice.  Mrs.  Leonard  Wood,  Mrs,  Frederick  Funston,  Miss 
Clara  Morris.  Mrs.  Jefferson  Davis,  Mrs.  John  A.  Logan,  Mrs.  Eliza  Rogers  Sigsbee,  Julia 
Ward  Howe,  Helen  H.  Gardener,  Mme.  Calve,  Miss  Jane  Priscilla  Sousa,  Miss  Helen  Gould, 
Mary  Baker  Eddy,  Lady  Jeune,  Mrs.  Emily  Crawford,  Lady  Colin  Campbell,  Queen  Wll- 
helmina  of  Holland,  Flora  Annie  Steel,  Fanny  J.  Ci'osby,  Maude  Gonne  McBride,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  B.  Grannis,  Mrs,  John  Sherman,  Mrs.  Russell  A.  Alger,  Clara  Lipman,  May 
Irwin,  Lillian  Russell,  Fanny  Davenport,  Amelia  E.  Barr,  May  E.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Mary  E. 
Lease,  Miss  Frances  Willard,  Jeanette  L.  Gilder,  Rose  Hawthorne  Lathrop,  Mrs.  Frances 
Hodgson  Burnett  Townsend,  Hallie  Erminle  Rives,  Mrs.  William  Tod  Helmuth,  Mrs.  Patrick 
Campbell,  and  many  others. 

THE    WORLD    AND    FREE    EDUCATION. 
Since  "THE  WORI^D'S  Free  Lecture  Bill"  was  passed  twenty  years  ago,  emphasizing 


The    World  45 


tiie  logic  of  THii;  WORLD'S  contention  that  the  public  school  rooms  of  New  York  City 
belonged  to  all  the  people,  a  conservative  estimate  shows  that  25,000,000  people  have  heard 
lectm-es  by  eminent  men  in  the  People's  University  course.  What  brighter  jewel  could 
shine  in  THE  WORLD'S  diadem  of  accomplishments?  Five  thousands  lectures  each  season 
to  an  average  now  of  a  million  and  a  half  auditors  from  October  to  May  in  nearly  150  audi- 
toriums of  the  metropolis!  Surely  that  is  touching  the  brow  of  the  masses  with  the  enno- 
bling wand  of  education! 

The  subjects  of  the  lectures  are  such  as  will  promote  the  purpose  of  the  system,  which 
Is  summarized  by  Dr.  Kenry  M.  Leipziger,  the  conductor  of  the  courses  from  the  beginning: 
"To  afford  to  as  many  as  possible  the  fruits  of  a  liberal  education;  to  make  education  a 
life  purpose,  and  to  apply  the  best  methods  of  study  to  the  problems  of  daily  life,  so  as  to 
create  in  our  citizens  a  sound  public  opinion." 

Among  the  general  subjects  discussed  in  the  lectures  are  phj'siology,  hygiene,  natural 
science,  astronomy,  biology,  anthropology,  physics,  electricity,  chemistry,  metallurgy,  domes- 
tic sciences,  household  art,  modern  industries,  history,  biography,  sociology,  geography, 
commercial,   physical,   political  and   descriptive   literature,   music,   art,   American   citizenship. 

The  lectures  are  delivered  in  English,  Yiddish,  and  Italian,  and  many  of  them  are 
illustrated  by  lantern  slides,  each  lecture  centre  being  equipped  with  a  stereopticon. 

Among  those  who  have  delivered  lectures  in  the  People's  University  courses  are  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt,  ex-Mayor  Low,  ex-Postmaster-General  Thomas  L.  James,  Dr.  Rossiter 
Johnson,  and  Presidents  Wilson,  of  Princeton;  Harper,  of  Chicago  University;  Taylor,  of 
Vassar;  Hall,  of  Clark,  and  McAllister,  of  Drexel  Institute;  Felix  Adler,  Charles  Sprague 
Smith,  Garrett  P.  Serviss,  and  Dr.  Draper,  State  Superintendent  of  Instruction,  and  many 
others  of  equally  distinguished  reputation. 

Mention  may  also  be  made,  with  propriety,  of  the  free  scholarships  founded  by 
Mr.  Joseph  Pulitzer  for  boys  who  would  otherwise  be  unable  to  enjoy  the  benefits  of  a 
college  education,  the  far-reaching  effects  of  which  splendid  benefaction  cannot  even  be 
conjured.  It  can  only  be  abstrusely  measured  by  the  possibilities  of  the  Influence  of  edu- 
cated men  in  the  wonderful  years  of  development  in  the  future. 

THE  SUNDAY  WORLD. 

While  the  news  sections  of  THE  SUNDAY  WORLD  preserve  the  continuity  of  the 
record  of  happening*?  everywhere,  and  form  by  themselves  a  complete  newspaper,  giving 
all  the  news  of  the  civilized  world,  gathered  by  the  Associated  Press  and  an  army  of  its 
own  special  correspondence,  its  additional  sections  make  it  the  greatest  Sunday  journal  ever 
conceived.  The  editorial  section  is  a  remarkable  symposium  of  news  and  comment.  The 
metropolitan  section,  fully  illustrated,  pictures  all  the  lights  and  shadows  of  life  in 
America's  greatest  city.  The  funny  section,  four  pages  of  comics  in  colors,  intended  espe- 
cially for  the  little  folk,  pleases  thousands  of  children  of  a  larger  growth  as  well.  The 
magazine,  a  costly  twelve-page  in  color  and  half-tone,  in  which  the  work  of  many  of  the 
best  known  artists  and  writers  appear,  is  a  fascinating  Instructor  for  all  the  family.  For 
fresh,  original  material  for  the  magazine  section  THE  SUNDAY  WORLD  invades  the  realms 
of  invention,  art,  science,  travel,  romance,  literature,  and  discovery.  The  society  pages, 
pages  for  women,  weekly  reviews  of  finance  and  the  markets,  cable  pages  of  news  and 
discussion  from  the  capitals  of  the  old  world,  resort  pages,  and  other  special  departments 
add  to  the  sum  total  of  newspaper  completeness  every  Sunday. 

THE  EVENING  WORLD  AND  ITS   INFLUENCE. 

As  THE  WORLD  towers  above  Its  competitors  in  the  morning  newspaper  field,  so  THE 
EVENING  WORLD  Is  the  giant  of  the  Evening  city  dailies.  Its  growth  and  power  have 
been  remarkable,  due  to  its  observance  of  tlje  same  principles  upon  which  THE  WORLD 
has  been  reared.  It  was  first  issued  on  October  10,  1887,  and  quickly  found  favor  with  the 
public.  "V^Tien  It  was  barely  out  of  its  cradle  its  power  was  recognized  by  all  who  believed 
in  publicity  or  who  feared  it.  Its  staff  Is  distinct,  in  all  departments,  from  that  of  the 
morning  WORLD,  and  while,  like  its  big  father.  It  regards  newsgathering  as  paramount 
In  importance,  It  is  distinctively  a  home  newspaper.  There  Is  daily  In  THE  EVENING 
WORLD  something  of  interest  for  every  member  of  the  family— for  the  child  who  like.'? 
funny  pictures,  for  the  mother  and  daughter  who  study  the  fashions  or  read  helpful  words 
by  brainy  women,  and  for  the  father  and  sons  who  are  Intarested  in  its  news  stories, 
terse  editorials,  sporting  pages,  and  other  features.  Like  the  morning  WORLD,  it  daily 
"beats"  its  -contemporaries,  sparing  neither  effort  nor  expense  to  be  first  with  the  news. 


46  The  •  Woi'ld. 


■^j^irtiM^W  !■■*'■  TTiX^ 


THE    WORLD    IN     1907. 

The  Public  Service  Commission  created  by  the  Legislature  under  the  lead  of  Governor 
Hughes,  sustained  by  public  opinion,  is  the  direct  outgrowth  of  the  relentless  warfai-e 
waged  by  THE  WORLD  against  the  law-defying  corporations  holding  invaluable  franchises 
fiom  the  people  to  serve  them  the  great  utilities  of  city  life,   like  light  and  transportation. 

In  March,  1003,  THE  WORLD  published  the  exposure  of  corruption  in  the  surface 
railway  manipulation,  and  one  of  the  completed  works  of  the  Commission,  led  by  its  chief 
Inquisitor,  William  M.  Ivins,  is  the  entire  substantiation  of  the  charges  made  by  THE 
WORLD    nearly    five    years    ago. 

On  the  heels  of  THE  WORLD'S  exposure  the  books  of  the  Metropolitan  were  destroyed 
and  much  of  the  evidence  of  the  high  financiering  by  which  the  floating  debt  of  that  ancient 
"gold  njine,"  the  Third  Avenue  Railroad,  was  jumped  in  six  years  from  $2,000,000  to 
?24,000,000,  and  the  construction  account  padded  with  $15,000,000  partly  to  balance  it,  by 
which  the  Fulton  Street  line  was  exploited,  the  Twenty-eighth  Street  and  the  Twenty- 
ninth  Street  line  bought  for  $25,000  and  "capitalized"  for  $3,000,000,  loaded  with  a  bogus 
construction  expense  account,  so  as  to  make  $5,000,000  in  profits  for  the  insiders,  and 
bonds  issued  to  "electrolize"  East  Side  lines  were  sold  and  the  price  pocketed,  while  weary 
horses  still  drag  the  cars  along  the  rails,   was  destroyed  with   them. 

The  confession  of  Quigg  revealed  a  state  of  things  comparable  to  the  revelations  in 
insurance  corruption;  that  he,  Quigg,  received  $217,000  in  four  years  from  the  company 
for  lobbying  at  Albany  for  the  Metropolitan,  or  rather  for  those  who  ruled  the  company 
to  its  ruin. 

The  testimony  of  Anthony  N.  Brady,  showed  how  he  had  sold  the  Cortlandt  Street 
line,  which  never  existed  except  "on  paper,"  to  the  Metropolitan  for  nearly  $1,000,000  and 
divided  the  proceeds  among  the  "insiders,"  Whitney,   Ryan,   Dolan,  Widener,   and  Elklns. 

As  a  result  of  this  official  corroboration  of  THE  WORLD'S  charges,  the  Metropolitan 
Street  Railway  went  into  the  hands  of  a  receiver,  a  confessed  insolvent,  and  the  "holding 
company,"  having  nothing  else  to  hold  but  watered  securities,  also  went  into  the  hands 
of  a  receiver. 

Under  -he  Public  Utilities  bill  there  will  be  no  more  "holdihg  companies;"  no  more 
watering  of  stocks  in  public  utility  corporations;  for  the  consent  of  the  Public  Utilities 
Commission  must  first  be  obtained  before  nev/  stock  may  be  issued,  and  then  it  must 
be  shown  that  the  added  capital  is  needed  for,  and  to  be  used  for,  material  improvements 
to  the  road,  equipment  or  service,  and  not  to  create  a  false  and  fabulous  profit  for  the 
manipulators,  and  the  consent  of  the  Commission  must  be  first  obtained  before  any  railroad 
can  assign,  transfer,  or  lease  Its  property  or  franchise. 

TEN  UNANSWERED  QUESTIONS. 
October  1,  1904,  THE  WORLD  asked  these  ten  questions: 
"1.  How  much  has  the  Beef  Trust  contributed  to  Mr.  Cortelyou? 
"2.  How  much  has  the  Paper  Trust  contributed? 
"3.  How  much  has  the  Coal  Trust  contributed? 
"4.  How  much  has  the  Sugar  Trust  contributed? 
"5.  How  much  has  the  Oil  Trust  contributed? 
"6.  How  much  has  the  Tobacco  Trust  contributed? 
"7.  How  much  has  the  Steel  Trust  contributed? 
"8.  How  much  has  the  Insurance  Trust  contributed? 
"9.  How  much  have  the  National  Banks  contributed? 
"10.  How  much  have  the  six  great  railroads  contributed  to  Mr.   Cortelyou?" 

Mr.  Roosevelt's  reply  to  these  questions  addressed  to  him  was  the  appointment  of  Mr. 
Cortelyou  to  the  post  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  but,  as  a  result  of  THE  WORLD'S 
insistent  demand  in  the  Spring  and  Summer  of  1905  for  a  legislative  investigation  of  the 
life  insurance  companies,  it  was  disclosed  under  oath  that  four  of  them  had  contributed 
$158,500  to  the  Roosevelt  campaign  fund  in  1904.     These  contributions  were: 

New  York  Life   Insurance   Company..  $48,500  1  Mutual   Life  Insurance  Company $50,000 

Equitable    Life    Assurance    Society...     50,000  l  Prudential   Life   Insurance   Company..     10,000 

On  April  2,  1907,  by  its  exclusive  publication  of  the  famous  letter  written  by  E.  H. 
Harriman  to  his  friend,  Sidney  Webster,  a  further  contribution  to  the  Roosevelt  campaign 
fund  of  1904  of  $200,000  was  also  disclosed  by  THE  WORLD.  \ 

This  fund  of  $260,000  was  made  up  after  a  conference  between  Odell,  Cortelyou,  and 
Treasurer   Coniellus   N.   ^liss,   of  tbe   EejpubUcan  National   Committee,   at   which   It  wa«4 


The    World,  47 

»i  — — -^ . 

decided   to   call   upon   E.    H.    Harriman   to    "save  the  day."     The   contributions   and   their 

respective  contributors  were  as  follows: 

Edward    H.    Harriman $50,000 

H.   McK.   Twombly   (representing  the  Vanderbilt  Interests) 25,000 

Chauncey    M.    Depew    (personal) 25.000 

James    Hazen    Hyde 25.000 

The   Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society 10,000 

J.    Pierpont    Morgan 10,000 

George  W.   Perkins  (New  York  Life  Insurance  Company) 10,000 

H.   H.   Rogers  and  John  D.   Archbold  (Standard  Oil  Company) 30.000 

Banking    interests    10^000 

Cornelius    N.    Bliss    (personal* 10,000 

Seven   friends   of  Senator   Depew    ($5,000   each) 35.000 

Sent  to  Mr.   Harriman  in  smaller  donations 20.000 

Total     $260,000 

Later  on  THE  WORLD  was  able  to  show  that  Ryan,  Dolan,  Elkins,  Whitney,  Wid- 
ener  and  the  other  Metropolitan  Railway  Company  managers  had  contributed  equally  to  a 
$600,000  fund  "to  remove  obstacles  and  care  for  political  obligations,"  and  that  they 
recouped  the  amounts  given  to  the  Republican  campaign  fund  by  the  sale  of  the  Cort- 
landt  Street  '^paper  road"  to  the  Metropolitan  Securities  Company  for  $965,607.19  by 
Anthony  N.  Brady.    Brady  returned  to  each  of  the  contributors  $111,652.78. 

TRAPPING  A  BOODLE  ALDERMAN. 

THE  WORLD,  with  the  assistance  of  the  detectives  employed  in  the  District- Attor- 
ney's office,  caught  W.  S.  Clifford,  a  Municipal  League  Alderman  from  the  Borough  of 
Queens,  red  handed  in  the  sale  of  the  votes  of  eleven  Aldermen  for  the  election  of  a 
Recorder  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  promotion  of  Recorder  Goff  to  the  Supreme 
Court  bench.  Alderman  Clifford  came  to  an  appointed  place  and  received  $6,000  in  marked 
bills. 

VICTORY    FOR   SUBWAY   BRIDGE    LOOP. 

The  adoption  by  the  old  Board  of  Rapid  Transit  Commissioners  and  the  confirmation 
by  the  Board  of  Estimate  of  THE  WORLD'S  plan  for  a  four-track  subway  loop  to  connect 
the  Brooklyn  Bridge  and  the  Williamsburg  Bridge  on  the  Manhattan  side  was  a  victory 
not  only  over  the  traction  combine  of  the  Interborough  and  Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit,  but 
over  the   Legislature,    which  passed  a  bill   providing  for  an  elevated  loop. 

The  loop  is  now  in  course  of  construction  by  the  city.  Both  the  Brooklyn  and  Man- 
hattan Companies,  surface  and  underground,  will  be  compelled  to  operate  their  trains 
and  cars  through  it  under  a  car  mileage  arrangement  which  will  pay  the  cost  of  main- 
tenance and  provide  a  sinking  fund  to  extinguish  the  debt  incurred  for  construction. 

EXPOSURE    OF   WARD'S    ISLAND    CRUELTIES. 

One  of  the  latest  and  one  of  the  most  important  of  the  public  services  of  THE  WORLD 
during  1907  was  the  exposure  of  brutalities  practised  upon  helpless  patients  in  the  Man- 
hattan State  Hospital  for  the  pauper  insane  on  Ward's  Island.  Reports  had  reached 
THE  WORLD  during  the  three  months  preceding  October  of  -the  ill  treatment  of  insane 
patients  by  the  attendants  in  the  institution.  An  agent  was  immediately  employed  to 
ascertain  the  truth.  This  agent  was  experienced  in  the  treatment  of  the  insane  at  Bellevue 
Hospital  and  the  Bloomingdale  Asylum,  a  physician  equipped  with  the  special  learning 
necessary  foyhls  calling— Dr.  John  C.  McCarthy. 

Dr.  McCarthy  secured  employment  as*an  attendant  in  the  State  Asylum  and  served 
for  a  whole  month.  He  made  a  careful  diarj%  describing  what  he  witnessed  during  that 
month  in  one  ward,  and  his  report  shows  an  amazing  prevalence  of  brutality  among 
the   attendants. 

THE   WORLD'S    PUBLIC   SCHOOL    FIELD    DAYS. 

Believing  in  the  doctrine  that  a  healthy  mind  is  best  developed  in  a  healthy  body, 
THE  WORLD  instituted  in  1906  'a  grand  competition  in  athletics  among  the  grammar 
school  boys.  Two  thousand  medals  of  silver  and  bronze  were  offered  for  competition, 
twenty  to  each  of  the  first  100  grammar  schools  in  Greater  New  York  that  should  hold 
field  days.  The  medals  were  given  through  the  Public  School  Athletic  Association,  of 
^which  General  George  W.  Wingate,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  is  President,  and 
Luther  Halsey  Gulick,   Director  of  Physical  Training  in   the  Public   Schools,    Secretary. 

The  idea  met  instant  favor,  and  competition  was  eager  and  earnest.  The  grammar 
school  field  days  were  enthusiastic  events  in  the  school  life  of  the  lads,  A  grand  final 
grammar  school  meet  was  held,  in  September,  at  which  all  the  winners  from  their  respective 
schools  met  in  competition,  the  prizes  given  by  THE  WORLD  being  gold,  sliver  and 
bronze  medals.  '    ' 


48  The   World. 


Comptro<ller  Metz  was  so  much  impressed  by  the  beneficial  results  of  THE  WORLiD'S 
field  days   that  he  gave  an   athletic   field   to    the   school   boys   of   Brooklyn   Boroug-h. 

Thirty-eight  schools  in  Manhattan  Borough,  twelve  in  the  Bronx,  twenty-eight  in  Brook- 
lyn, seventeen  in  Queens  and  five  in  Richmond  Borough,  held  each  a  separate  field  day  In 
1W)7,*  and  more  than  20,000  grammar  grade  boys  competed  in  the  games,  while  upward  of 
100,000  school   teachers  and  children  witnessed  the  athletic  combats. 

Two  thousand  medals  given  by  THE  WORLD  were  awarded,  1,200  of  silver  and  800 
of  bronze,  to  the  winners  in  the  field  day  g-ames.  Six  hundred  principals  of  schools  and 
teachers  officiated  at  the  meets  as  umpires,  referees,  judges,  scoi-ers  and  timekeepers,  and 
at  the  field  day  of  Manhattan  No.  109,  520  boys  participated  in  the  sports.  Eight  city 
park  plaj'grounds,  fourteen  athletic  fields  and  eight  National  Guard  armories  were  used 
by  schools  for  THE  WORLD  games,  and  four  meets  were  held  on  the  roof  gardens  of 
the  respective  schools,  while  eight  meets  were  in  city  streets. 

Two  thousand  grammar  school  boys  participated  in  the  grand  final  meet  at  Celtic 
Park,  the  prizes  being  gold,   silver  and  bronze  WORI^D  medals. 

The  games  effected  mental  and  morail  good  to  an  extent  which  both  parents  and 
teachers  commended.  More  enduring  than  the  hour's  glory  of  the  games,  however,  was 
the  quality  of  clean  manliness  among  the  young  athletes,  stimulated  and  developed  by 
this   competition. 

Jariies  E.  Sullivan,  President  of  the  Amateur  Athletic  Union  of  America,  declared  the 
finals  "the  most  remarkable  athletic  meeting  ever  attempted,"  and  General  Wingate, 
President  of  the  Public  Schools  Athletic  League,  and  Grammar  School  Principals  Benjamin 
Veit,  John  D.  Fruanf,  Frederick  A.  Berghane,  W.  L.  Ettlnger,  Charles  C.  Roberts, 
John  D.  Condon,  Charles  D.  Raine,  William  J.  Leary,  Gustave  A.  Carls,  N.  J.  Lowe. 
T.  O.  Baker,  W.  L.  Sprague,  George  Millard  Davison,  J.  D.  Reardon  and  others  declared 
enthusiastically  that  the  beneficial  influence  of  THE  WORLD'S  meets  was  felt  in  every 
bi-anch   of  the   work   of  their   schools. 

THE    WORLD'S    PLATFORM. 

On  the  occasion  of  a  dinner  of  the  executive  staff  of  THE  WORLD  in  honor  of  the 
sixtieth  birthday  of  Mr.   Joseph  Pulitzer,    the  following  cablegram  was  received  from   him: 

'"Express  to  the  editors,  managers  and  entire  staff  my  warm  appreciation  of  their 
excellent  and  successful  work  for  an  institution  which  should  always  fight  for  progress 
and  reform,  never  tolerate  injustice  or  corruption,  always  fight  demagogues  of  all 
parties,  never  belong  to  any  party,  always  oppose  privileged  classes  and  public  plunder, 
never  lack  sympathy  with  the  poor,  always  remain  devoted  to  the  public  welfare,  never 
be  satisfied  with  merely  printing  news,  alwaj^s  be  drastically  independent,  never  be  afraid 
to  attack  wrong,   whether  by  predatory  plutocracy  or  by  predatory  poverty. 

"JOSEPH    PULITZER." 

Said  the  "New  York  Commercial":  It  is  easily  possible— more  than  probable,  indeed— 
that  most  of  the  members  of  the  executive  staff  of  THE  NEW  YORK  WORLD,  who  were 
dined  in  this  city  .in  celebration  of  the  sixtieth  birthday  of  Mr.  Joseph  Pulitzer  on  April  10, 
know  that  publication  and  its  proprietor  only  in  the  latter-day  relation  of  both  to  the 
American  public  and  American  affairs.  But  there  are  men  in  plenty  here  in  New  York 
and  in  every  section  of  the  country  who  recall  vividly  and  with  satisfaction  how  this 
"Loohinvar"  in  journalism  "came  out  of  tlje  West"  in  1883— he  was  only  thirty-six 
years  old  then — and  within  an  astonishingly  short  time  had  practically  revolutionized 
newspaper  making  here  in  the  metropolis.  He  established  new  standards  that  had  never 
been  dreamed  of  in  the  old  order  of  things,  and  set  a  new  pace  that  all  of  his  oom- 
petitors  were  forced  to  recognize  and  "catoh  step"  with,  but  with  which  not  all  of  them 
were  able  to  keep  up.  It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  every  daily  newspaper  existent 
in  New  York  twenty-four  years  ago  is  the  better  to-day  for  Mr.  Pulitzer's  coming,  and  in 
nowise  discredits  any  one  of  them  or  of  those  later  established  to  place  with  him  and 
THE  WORLD  the  initiative  and  the  leadership  in  taking  up  abuses  and  wrongs  and  evils 
and  injustices  in  every  form — public  or  semi-public — g-reat  or  small,  political  or  social 
or  industrial  or  what  not,  and  by  persistent  and  vigorous  exploitation  seeking  to  displace 
them  with  right  and  justice.  His  ideals  have  uniformly  been  high,  his  purpose  unselfish, 
his  method  for  the  most  part  commendable,  and  the  example  of  them  all-inspiring. 

From  "Life":  Mr.  Pulitzer's  paper  has  been  governed  by  those  sentiments.  The 
editorials  in  THE  WORLD  are  squarely  for  morality,  public  ^id  private.  Not  only  ex^ 
cellent  specimens  of  English  literature,  clean-cut  and  forcible  and  always  to  the  point  — 
they  display  a  persistent   courage   ajjd   a  love   of  justice  unique  In  modern  journalism. 

It  Is  not  expected  that  all  our  contemporaries  will  agree  with  tlve  Statement  50  Often 
i»ade  that  "THE  WORUD  editorlaJs  are  the  best  in  town." 


The    World  Ahnanac  and  Encyclopedia.  49 

W^t  asaorltr  Almanac  antr  ISnc^clopetrta. 

AN  ANNUAL  REFERENCE  BOOK  OF  UNIVERSAL.  CONTEMPORANEOUS  FACTS. 

THE  WORLD  ALMANAC,  prior  to  the  acquisition  of  THE  WORLD  by  Mr.  Pulitzer, 
was  a  thin  pamphlet,  published  annually,  containing,  besides  the  customary  astronomical 
calculations  and  monthly  calendars,  the  election  returns,  a  list  of  Federal  and  New  York 
State  officials,  a  necrologrj'  and  record  of  important  events,  and  sometimes  statistical  sum- 
maries of  a  few  Grovernment  reports.  This  matter  was  usually  embraced  within  a  hundred 
pages,  and  served  the  needs  of  the  times.     The  first  issue  appeared  in  18G(3. 

With  the  initial  number  of  the  present  series,  appearing  in  ISSG  under  Mr.  Pulitzer's 
proprietorship,  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  took  on  the  encyclopedic  form.  It  ceased  to  be 
a  political  manual  merely,  and  became  an  expositor  of  all  current  information  about  tl.e 
universe;  a  reference  book  of  facts  concerning  everything  of  contemporaneous  human  interest. 

In  accomplishing  this  stupendous  purpose  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  has  spared  neither 
labor  nor  expense.  It  has  employed  the  best  brains  in  organizing,  and  the  best  expert 
knowledge  in  supplying  information.  The  ablest  specialists  in  the  domains  of  science,  liter- 
ature, art,  statistics,  and  political  and  social  economics  have  been  drawn  upon  j^early  for 
sei-vice.  Thousands  of  circulars,  accompanying  return  blanks,  are  sent  to  original  sources 
of  information.  The  vast  mass  of  material  thus  obtained  has  been  collated  and  arranged 
for  publication  by  a  permanent  office  staff.  In  all.  it  is  estimated  that  ten  thousand 
persons  contribute  in  some  measure  annually  to  the  perfection  and  completion  of  THE 
WORLD  ALMANAC. 

The  distribution  of  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  Is  co-extensive  with  the  planet.  It  will 
not  only  be  found  In  the  book  shops  of  every  principal  city  of  the  world,  but  it  has  its 
constant  users  at  such  extremes  of  human  habitation  as  Iceland  and  New  Zealand,  Man- 
churia and  <^ape  Colony.  Alaska  and  the  Argentine  Republic.  It  has  been  equally  wel- 
comed in  the  study  of  a  great  European  savant  and  tlie  domestic  circle  of  the  Grand  Turk, 
as  an  order  from  Sir  Monier  Monier- Williams,  professor  of  Sanscrit  at  Oxford,  and  a  larger 
one  from  the  Ottoman  Minister  at  Washington  in  the  same  mail  testifies.  A  single  order 
has  come  from  Japan  for  as  many  as  three  thousand  copies.  An  Arctic  explorer  departing 
for  the  North  Pole  has  taken  a  score  of  bound  almanacs  on  board  for  the  entertainment 
of  the  ship's  company  during  the  long  Winter  nights.  Copies  will  be  found  ih  the  reading- 
rooms  of  practically  every  library  and  clubhouse  in  the  United  States.  The  Qovernment 
supplies  the  consulates  abroad   with   the  book  annually. 

THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  is  used  for  reference  yearly  by  two  million  inquirers  after 
current  facts,  and  it  is  permanently  kept  in  half  a  million  homes  and  business  offices. 

And  surely  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC,  in  its  own  pages,  may  modestly  call  attention  to 
its  influence  and  growth.  A  publication  with  millions  of  readers  who  look  upon  it  as  final 
authority  quite  easily  takes  place  among  the  "best  sellers,"  even  though  it  does  not  appear 
weekly  in  the  list.     It  is  in  a  class  by  itself,  and  has  a  marvellous  record. 

TOKENS    OF    APPRECIATION    FROM    HIGH    SOURCES. 

From  many  hundreds  of  appreciative  communications  received  annually,  the  following 
have  been  selected  for  the  wide  range  of  personalities,  vocations,  and  countries  they  rep- 
resent: 

WALTER  WELLMAN.   after  his  first  Polar  voyage: 

"I  embrace  the  first  opportunity  since  my  return  to  express  my  recognition  of  the 
service  which  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  has  done  me  and  my  companions  while  we  were 
in  the  Arctic  Circle.  During  the  long  Winter  nights,  when  we  were  encased  in  ice  and 
forced  to  depend  on  indoor  material  for  entertamment,  it  never  failed  to  be  the  source  of 
constant  amusement,  instruction  and  comfort.  It  did  morw  to  reconcile  us  to  our  surround- 
ings than  anything  else  we  had  with  us." 

WILLIAM  JENNINGS  BRYAN  in  The  Commoner: 

"The  amount  of  valuable   information  crowded  Into   THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  is  little 
short  of  marvellous,  and  it  will  repay  its  cost  many  times  over  during  the  year." 
OBCAR  S.  STRAUS,  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor: 

"I  keep  the  ALMANAC  on  my  desk  for  reference  during  the  year,  and  I  find  it  a  most 
ready  reference  book." 

The^late  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  CHILDS,   of  Philadelphia: 

■  'Too  much  praise  can  hardly  be  lavished  on  this  almost  Invaluable  annual  compendium- 


50  The    'World  Ahnanac   and  Encyclopedia. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  suggest  any  method  by  which  the  work  could  better  fulfil  its  func- 
tions—that of  being  a  handy  and  trustworthy  guide  for  busy  people  of  every  class  of  life." 

WILLIAM  T.  HARRIS,  Commissioner  of  Education: 

"As  a  book  of  ready  reference,   I  consider  the  ALMANAC  unsurpassed." 

The  late  MAYOR  PINGREE,   of  Detroit: 

"I  have  thought  so  well  of  the  book  as  to  purchase  and  distribute  a  dozen  or  more  of 
them  among  my  friends." 

SENATOR  TILLMAN,   of  South   Carolina: 

"I  regard  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  as  one  of  the  most  valuable  and  handy  compila- 
tions I  have  ever  seen." 

GOVERNOR  CHAMBERLAIN  of  Oregon: 

"I  have  had  frequent  occasion  to  refer  to  THE  W©RLD  ALMANAC,  and  I  havo  never 
failed  to  find  the  information  sought." 

T.  M.   MILLER,  late  Attorney-General  of  Mississippi: 

"Like  the  great  paper  with  which  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  may  said  to  be  con- 
nected, its  worth  cannot  be  overestimated.  I  have  frequently  consulted  THE  WORLD 
ALMANAC  and  have  been  astonished  at  the  variety,  extent  and  accuracy  of  the  Informa- 
tion it  contains." 

GOVERNOR   TOOLE  of  Montana: 

"I  wish  to  testify  to  its  general  accuracy." 
AUGUSTUS  VAN  WYCK,  Jurist,  Democratic  Candidate  for  Governor  of  New  York  in  1898: 

"Never  was  so  much  information  of  daily  use  crowded  in  so  small  a  space." 

JOHN  W.  YERKES,   United   States  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue: 

"The  amount  of  valuable  information  in  the  1906  WORLD  ALMANAC,  and  the  ease 
with  which  this  information  can  be  reached,  renders  this  publication  of  great  value  to  a 
busy  man's  desk." 

CARROLL  D.   WRIGHT,   late   Commissioner  of  Labor: 

"I  use  this  ALMANAC  a  great  deal  and  find  it  very  trustworthy  and  valuable." 

H.  M.  M'CRACKEN,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Chancellor  of  New  York  University: 

"THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  is  used  by  me  as  a  constant  reference  book  on  educa- 
tional and  other  matter,  and  is  found  worth  many  times  its  cost." 

THEODORE  L.  SEIP,  D.  D.,  President  of  Muhlenburg  College: 
"It  is  a  thesaurus  of  useful  information." 

JAMES  B.  ANGELL,  LL.  D.,  President  of  the  University  of  Michigan: 

"I  have  found  it  of  great  convenience.     It  Is  compiled  with  care  and  accuracy." 

DANIEL   C.   OILMAN.   LL.   D.,   late   President   of  Johns   Hopkins   University: 
"Valuable  alike  for  its  accuracy  and  comprehensiveness." 

THOMAS  S.  GATCH.  Ph.  D.,  President  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  Washington: 

"It  is  used  almost  constantly  by  the  members  of  our  faculty,  by  our  students  in  civics 
and  political  economy,  as  well  as  by  those  connected  with  the  debating  societies.  It  Is  the 
best  bureau  of  information  of  which  we  know." 

W.   J.   BRIER,   President   of  the  Wisconsin   State  Normal   School: 

"It  answers  more  questions  correctly  than  any  other  volume  in  the  library,  with  the 
possible  exception  of  the  unabridged  dictionary." 

JOHN  M.   VAN  DYKE,  Principal  of  the  Blairstown   (N.   J.)   Public  School: 

"By  its  side  lies  an  encyclopedia  of  eighteen  volumes,  and  still  another  large  book 
calling  itself  a  'book  of  facts.'  Weeks  will  go  by  possibly  without  a  glance  at  any  cf 
these,  while  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  is  used  almost  every  hour.  1  do  not  make  an  exag- 
gerated statement  when  I  say  that  I  could  get  Along  without  the  others  before  I  could 
the  last." 

FRANCIS  J.  CHENEY,  Principal   of  the  New  York  State  Normal  and  Training  School: 

"There  has  been  brought  together  in  compact  and  systematic  form  a  vast  amount  of 


Tite    M^orld  Abtiajidc   and  l^ncyclopedia.  61 

^h»«i.  ■ ' ■* 

practical  information,   the  mastery  of  which  will   make  a  student  an   intelligent  citizen,  so 
far  as  current  history  is  concerned." 

HENRY  WHITTEMORE,   Principal  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Normal  School: 
"Cne  of   the   'immortal  indispensables.'  " 

C.   M.   I^IGIIT,   Principal  of  the  New  Mexico  Normal  School: 

■It  is  current  history  and  deserves  as  much  attention  by  pupils  as  earlier  events." 

E.  W.  WETMORE,   Department  of  Natural   Science.   New   York   State   Normal   College: 

"In  preparing  material  for  lessons  in  geography,  history,  literature,  and  science,  it  fur- 
nishes, in  concentrated  and  available  form,  needed  facts  which  it  would  take  hours  to  find 
in  the  standard  text-books  and  elaborate  encyclopedias.  I  have  both  used  it  myself  and 
have  recommended  it  to  our  pupil  teachers  for  years  as  the  most  efficient  and  possible. 
Every  teacher  and  every  scholar  above  the  primary  grade  should  have  one  constantly 
within  reach." 

FRED  S.   ROOT,  Pastor  of  th"e  Park  Congregational  Church,   Hartford,   Ct.: 

"In  a  weary  mood  this  evening  I  picked  up  a  copy  of  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC 
and  read,  and  read,  and  read  until,  to  my  surprise,  the  evening  had  almost  disap- 
peared, with  my  work  all  unfinished.  Your  ALMANAC  is  full  of  the  most  fascinating 
information,  and  is  easily  superior  to  anything  of  its  kind  in  the  language.  I  am  almost 
tempted   to  study  a  page  a  day   as   an   exercise  in   memory." 

J.   E.   RANKIN.   D.   D.,  LL.   D.,   President  of  Howard   University,   Washington,    D.   C. : 

"When  I  took  my  grip-sack  for  a  three  months'  trip  abroad  last  Summer,  the  only 
books  I  insisted  on  were  the  New  Testament,  Emerson's  Poems,  and  THE  WORLD 
ALMANAC— religion,   poetry,   statistics." 

STEPHEN  A.   NORTHROP,   Pastor  of  the  First   Baptist   Church.   Fort   Wayne,    Ind. : 

"I  would  not  do  without  it  under  any  circumstances.  I  keep  it  on  my  desk  by  the 
side   of  my   Bible,   Webster's  Dictionary,   and   Roget's   Thesaurus." 

The  late  WALTER  S.   CARTER,   of  Carter.   Hughes  &   Rounds,   Attorneys.   New  York: 

"A  great  book  is  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC.  In  congratulating  Mr.  Leonard,  editor  of 
"Who's  Who  in  America,"  the  other  day.  I  told  him  that  his  book  was  worthy  to  rank  with 
Baedecker  and   THE  WORLD   ALMANAC." 

Berlin  Correspondent  of  THE  WORLD: 

"Travelling  in  the  express  to  St.  Petersburg  ,  there  sat  opposite  me  Count  Muravieff, 
the  Russian  Foreign  Minister.  During  the  long  journey  he  was  completely  absorbed  in  a 
copy  of  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC." 

K.  Y.  FUKUYAMA,  Yokohama,  Japan: 
"It  is  a  wonderful  book," 

The  late  A.  OAKEY  HALL,  ex-Mayor  of  New  York: 

"The  copy  used  in  this  club  (the  Lotus  Club)  shows  by  its  dilapidation  how  much  it 
has  -been  used.  And  what  impresses  all  users  whom  I  have  met  is  the  exceeding  cleverness 
and  elasticity  of  arrangement  for  ready  reference  by  author,  journalist,  and  seeker  after 
'notes  and  queries'  allied  to  daily  domestic,  business,  or  other  conversational  life." 

The  London  Standard: 

"The  American  Whitaker.  It  is  a  detailed  census  of  Uncle  Sam's  people  and  an 
Inventory  of  his  belongings." 

The  New  Y'ork  Times: 

"Its  contents  have  always  been  what  an  almanac's  contents  should  be— accurate,  con- 
cise,  inclusive." 

Thousands  of  less  distinguished,  but  just  as  highly  appreciated,  readers  as  those  quoted 
In  the  foregoing  paragraphs  write  complimentary  letters  to  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC.  One 
of  the  most  valued  tributes  is  from  a  prisoner  in  a  great  Western  penitentiary,  who  sent 
through  the  wai'den  of  the  prison  for  a  copy  of  the  1907  ALMANAC,  and  wrote: 

"For  several  years  I  have  studied  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC,  and  have  turned  many 
hours  which  would  otherwise  have  been  dreary  and  wasted  into  hours  of  study.  I  have 
acquired  from  THE  ALMANAC  quite  a  liberal  education,  and  when  I  leave  here  a  free 
man  I  will  be  better  fitted  to  make  my  way  in  the  world  than  I  was  when  I  entered  this 
prison.     It  is  a  wonderful  book." 

The  list  need  not  be  augmented.  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  for  190S,  without  claiming 
perfection,  is  nevertheless  put  forth  with  knowledge  that  a  vast  army  will  welcome  It  as  th© 
peerless  statistical  and  encyclopedic  publication  of  the  year. 


52  A   Quarter- Oe^itury  Record  of  Bvents. 

*^       ,  ,  —     I  - - ■  — I  I..—  ■       ■■         —  ■■  —     ■  II      1^1  !■    I  .-■  —  I.    ■■    .      I     —  —     .  I  I  ■    — ■    ■■ ^M..»  I    ^M    ■■       ■■■     M..I1,    ..I       II'     UMI     I    I       1i^ 

THE  STORY  OF  HUMAN  ENDEAVOR  AND  ACCOMPLISHMENT   SINCE  1883. 

So  rapid  has  been  the  march  of  events  during  the  past  quarter  of  a  century,  and  so 
vital  a  bearing  have  those  events  had  upon  the  world's  history,  that  a  mere  retrospective 
glance  over  the  record  since  1883,  indicates  with  intensity  the  certainty  of  still  greater 
changes  by  a  restless  civilization  before  Father  Time's  dial  marks  the  passing  of  another 
twenty-five  years. 

When  the  new  regime  of  The  World  begun  with  a  wedding  to  progrress,  Victoria  sat 
upon  England's  throne,  nearing  her  diamond  jubilee  celebration.  Chester  A.  Arthur,  of 
New  York,  had  been  elevated,  by  the  assassination  of  James  A.  Garfield,  to  the  Presidency 
of  the  United  States.  The  German  Empire  destinies  were  ruled  by  William  I.  The  Emperor 
of  Russia  was  Alexander  III.  Humbert  I.  was  completing  his  fifth  year  as  King  of 
Italy.  Francis  Joseph  I.  had  been  for  thirty-five  years  Emperor  of  Austi-ia,  and  the 
veteran  Pius  IX.  was  Pope.  Alphonso  XIII.,  now  King  of  Spain,  had  not  yet  been  born. 
Wilhelmina,  Queen  of  the  Netherlands,  was  just  out  of  her  cradle,  and  her  father,  William 
III.,  was  King.  In  brief,  the  vast  majority  of  the  ruling  powers  of  1883  have  now  laid 
their  sceptres  before  the  great  monarch  Death.  ; 

1883 

In  the  United  States,  the  year  1883  opened  with  eyes  centred  on  Washington,  where 
Congress  was  debating  the  House  bill  to  reduce  internal  revenue  taxation,  which  bill  the 
Senate  reported  with  amendments  embracing  a  thorough  revision  of  the  tariff,  based  upon 
the  report  of  the  Tariff  Commission.  The  bill  was  adopted  by  both  houses  on  March  3. 
In  April,  May  and  June  political  excitement  ran  high  during  the  trials  of  General  Brady 
and  ex-Governor  Kellogg,  of  Louisiana,  for  complicity  in  the  Star-Route  frauds.  They 
were  acquitted.  In  May  the  Brooklyn  Bridge,  from  City  Hall,  New  York,  to  Brooklyn, 
was  opened,  after  an  expenditure  of  thirteen  years'  labor  and  $15,500,000.  In  June  the 
U.  S.  S.  Yantic  and  Arctic  steamer  Proteus  sailed  from  St.  Johns,  Newfoundland,  for  the 
relief  of  the  Greely  scientific  expedition  to  Lady  Franklin  Bay.  In  September  the  last 
spike  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  was  driven  at  Independence  Gulch,  western  Mon- 
tana. The  bi-centennial  of  the  first  German  settlement  in  America  was  celebrated  at 
Germantown,  Pa.,  in  October.  In  the  same  month  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  pro- 
nounced unconstitutional  a  number  of  the  provisions  of  the  Civil  Rights  bill.  On  October 
1  domestic  letter  postage  was  reduced  from  three  cents  to  two.  In  November  Lieut. -Gen. 
Philip  H.  Sheridan  succeeded  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman  in  command  of  the  armies  of  the  United 
States,  General  Sherman  retiring  upon  age  limit. 

In  February,  1883,  while  the  English  Parliament  gravely  listened  to  the  "speech  from 
the  throne,"  expressing  satisfaction  at  the  "settlement"  of  the  Egyptian  struggle,  events 
in  the  Soudan  were  really  precipitating  the  great  clash  less  than  a  year  later,  when  General 
Gordon  was  hurried  to  Khartoum  by  the  Gladstone  government  to  find  glory  and  death 
in  the  noted  siege.  In  Ireland  the  echo  of  the  Fenian  troubles  which  had  led  In  1882  to 
the  murder  of  Lord  Frederick  Cavendish  and  Thomas  H.  Burke  in  Phoenix  Park,  Dublin, 
was  heard  when  fell  the  drop  of  the  gallows  on  which  the  assassins  were  hanged. 

The  universe,  however,  was  fairly  quiet  twenty-five  years  ago,  the  earth's  big  family 
behaving  itself  in  a  much  more  exemplary  manner  than  it  has  in  later  days,  when  the 
spirit  of  possession  has  stalked  about  with  outstretched  hands  over  widespread  territory, 
despite  the  instituting  of  international  peace  conferences.  It  Is  an  historic  fact  worthy 
of  record  In  1908  that  one  of  the  things  that  has  not  changed  In  the  two  and  half  decades 
now  under  consideration  Is  the  appetite  of  the  Hon  for  the  lamb. 

1884 

The  year  1884  was  one  of  commotion  In  the  United  States,  bringing  the  recurrence  of 
a  Presidential  campaign  In  which  were  crushed  the  ambitions  of  James  G.  Blaine,  the  nODa.* 


A   Qimrter- Century  Record  of  EvenU.  65 

ii«i  mi  — • ■ 

Inee  of  the  Republican  party,  through  his  defeat  by  Grover  Cleveland,  of  New  York,  the 
Democratic  candidate.  The  battle  was  hard  fought  and  acrimonious,  and  the  triumph  of 
Mr.  Cleveland  opened  freely  to  the  National  Democracy  the  White  House  doors,  which 
had  been  closed  to  it  since  the  Incumbency  of  Abi^aham  Lincoln.  In  the  nominating  con- 
vention Mr.  Blaine  wrested  the  prize  from  President  Arthur,  Gen.  John  A.  Logan,  Senators 
John  Sherman,  Joseph  R.  Hawley,  George  F.  Edmunds  and  others.  Logan  was  consoled 
by  being  named  for  the  Vice-Presidency.  The  Democratic  National  Convention  considered 
the  names  of  Thomas  F.  Bayard,  Thomas  A.  Hendricks,  Allen  G.  Thurman,  John  G.  Car- 
lisle, Governor  Hoadley,  of  Ohio,  and  Governor  Cleveland.  Cleveland  was  nominated  on 
the  second  ballot,  with  Thomas  A.  Hendricks  as  running  mate.  In  the  election  on  No- 
vember 4  Cleveland  and  Hendricks  received  4,911.017  popular  and  219  electoral  votes,  the 
Republican  ticket  receiving  4,S4S,334  popular  and  182  electoral  ballots.  In  this  campaign 
Gen.  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  of  Massachusetts,  was  the  candidate  of  the  Greenback  and  Anti- 
Monopoly  parties,  polling  123,835  popular  votes.  The  Prohibition  party  polled  151,809 
votes  for  its  candidate,   John  P.   St.  John,  of  Kansas. 

The  month  of  May,  18S4,  was  marked  by  a  financial  sensation  which  attracted  inter- 
national attention.  The  failure  of  James  R.  Keene,  who  was  said  to  have  lost  $4,000,000, 
was  immediately  followed  by  the  collapse  of  the  Marine  Bank,  the  Metropolitan  Bank  and 
the  firm  of  Grant  &  Ward,  with  which  firm  ex-President  Grant  was  said  to  be  connected. 
General  Grant  borrowed  $150,000  from  William  K.  Vanderbilt  to  avert  the  crash,  and  lost 
his  savings.  The  Grants  had  much  sympathy,  and  mortgaged  all  their  property,  declining 
to  let  Mr.  Vanderbilt  cancel  his  loan.  James  D.  Fish,  president  of  the  Marine  Bank,  and 
Ferdinand  Ward,  active  member  of  the  firm  of  Grant  &  Ward,  were  arrested  for  fraud, 
convicted  and  each  sentenced  to  ten  years'  imprisonment  at  hard  labor  in  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y., 
prison.  Other  noteworthy  events  of  the  year  in  the  United  States  were:  The  funeral  cere- 
monies in  New  York  City  of  the  remains  of  the  victims  of  the  Jeanette  Arctic  disaster, 
Lieutenant-Commander  George  W.  De  Long,  U.  S.  N.,  and  others,  on  February  23;  the 
vetoing  by  President  Arthur  of  a  bill  to  restore  Gen.  Fitz-John  Porter  to  the  army  and 
retire  him  with  rank  of  Colonel;  the  ratification  of  a  treaty  between  the  United  States  and 
Mexico;  the  signing  of  a  commercial  convention  between  the  United  States  and  Spain;  the 
trial,  conviction  and  twelve  years'  suspension  of  Brig.-Gen.  D.  G.  Swaim,  Judge  Advocate- 
General  of  the  United  States  Army,  charged  with  having  attempted  to  defraud  a  banking 
firm  in  Washington;  the  return  of  the  Greely  Relief  Expedition  from  Arctic  seas,  with 
Lieut.  A.  W.  Greely  and  a  few  of  his  party  alive,  and  with  numerous  dead;  the  laying  of 
the  corner-stone  of  M.  Bartholdi's  statue  of  "Liberty  Enlightening  the  World"  on  Bedloe's 
Island,  New  York  Harbor,  with  Masonic  ceremonies,  on  August  5;  the  opening  of  the 
Prime  Meridian  Conference  in  Washington,  D.  C,  on  October.  1;  the  signing  of  a  reciprocity 
treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Santo  Domingo,  and  the  setting  of  the  capstone  of 
the  Washington  Monument  in  December.  The  New  Orleans  Exposition  was  formally  opened 
on  December  16. 

Abroad,  in  November,  Prince  Bismarck  opened  the  Berlin  Conference,  dealing  with 
important  questions  anent  Africa,  and  presaging  a  change  in  the  time-honored  foreign 
policy  of  the  United  States.  The  American  representative  was  John  A.  Kasson,  who  con- 
tended for  and  attained  in  part  the  neutralization  of  the  Congo  and  Niger,  and  who,  in 
conjunction  with  England's  and  Belgium's  representatives,  secured  provisions  for  the  sup^ 
pression  of  slavery  and  the  slave  trade,  the  amelioration  and  preservation  of  native  races, 
religious  liberty  and  the  encouragement  of  many  laudable  enterprises.  If,  however,  the  ter- 
rible tales  of  subsequent  Belgian  cruelty  to  the  blacks  of  Africa  be  at  all  true,  both  the 
letter  and  the  spirit  of  the  conference  seem  to  have  had  little  affect  in  recent  years  toward 
the  betterment  of  conditions.  In  the  Soudan.-^  in  1884.  General  Gordon  was  besieged  at 
Khartoum  from  February  18  by  the  Mahdi.  In  October  a  British  expedition  set  out  from 
Cairo  to  ascend  the  Nile  and  release  the  beleaguered  garrison. 

1885 

The  Inauguration  of  Grover  Cleveland  as  President,  on  March  4,  1885,  was  marked 
by  great  rejoicing  among  Democrats  of  the  United  States.  He  named  Thomas  F.  Bayard, 
of  Delaware,  as  Secretary  of  State;  Daniel  Manning,  of  New  York,  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury; William  C.   Endicott,   of  Massachusetts,   Secretary  of  War;  William   C.   Whitney,  (rf 


S4  A   Qua7'ter-Ce7ituri/  Heconl  of  Events. 


New  York,   Secretary  of   the  Navy;    Lucius   Q.    C.    Lamar,    of  Mississippi,   Secretary   of  the 
Interior;   A.   H.    Garland,    of  Arkansas,   Attorney-General;   William  F.   Vilas,   of  Wisconsin. 
Postmaster-General.      On    March    12    the    President    withdrew    the    Nicaragua    Canal    and 
Spanish    reciprocity    treaties    from    the    S6nate    for    further    consideration;    on    March    13    he 
warned,  by  proclamation,   all  white  settlers  off  the  Oklahoma  country,   Indian  Territory;  on 
March   19    the   Senate   approved    the   convention   with   Mexico   for   rectifying   the   boundary 
and   prolonging-  the   term   for   ratifying   the    treaty    of    commerce.      On   March   20   Secretary 
Whitney  asked  for  an  accounting  from  John   Roach,   the  noted  ship  builder,   and   instituted 
an   invesftigation   of   the   Navy   Department;    the   suspension   of   P>,oach   followed   this   action. 
The  United  States  Supreme  Court  declared  the   Edmunds  Anti-Polygamy  bill  constitutional 
on    March   23.      On    April    30    Mr.    Cleveland    named   Anthony    M.    Keiley,    of    Virginia,    as 
Minister    to    Italj^    which    country    declined    to    receive    him,    whereupon    he    was    appointed 
Minister   to    Austria,    and    when    that    government    followed    Italy's    course    the    nomination 
w^as   withdrawn   and   the   mission   left   vacant.      In    June    a   diplomatic   understanding   was 
reached   at   Washington   between   the    State   Department    and    the    British   Minister   for   the 
extension   of  the   privileges   secured   by   the   Treaty   of   Washington  during  the  open   season. 
In   September   massacres    of   Chinamen    in   Wyoming,    Idaho    and    Washington   Territory   led 
to  a  protest  by  the  Chinese  Government;   the  President   issued  a   proclamation   against   the 
outrages,  and  thirteen  ringleaders  were  later  indicted.     Six  months  later  he  sent  a  message 
to  Congress  expressing  his   opinion  that  the  United  States  was  not  liable  either  by  treaty 
or  international  law  for  the  loss  of  life  or  property,  but  suggested  that  Congress  indemnify 
the  Chinese  sufferers  as  a  matter  of  humanity.     The  first  session  of  the  Forty-ninth  Con- 
grress   was   opened   on   December  7,   with   John   Sherman,    of   Ohio,    as   President   pro   tern   of 
the    Senate    (Vice-President    Hendricks    having   died),    and    with    John    G.    Cai-lisle,    of   Ken- 
tucky,  as   Speaker   of   the   House.      On   December   19   Congress   voted   a   pension   of  $5,000   a 
year  to  the  widow  of  ex-President  Grant.     The  successful  blowing  up  of  Flood  Rock,  near 
Hallett's  Point,   East   River,   New  York,   by  Gen.   John  Newton,   U.  ^S.   A.,   in  October,   thus 
removing   a   dangerous   menace   to   navigation,    was    a   noted   engineering   feat    of   the   year 
1885.     The  year  also  witnessed  troubles  in  Central   America.     An  alliance  was  formed  by 
Costa   Rica,    Salvador   and    Nicaragua   to   resist   the   President   of   Guatemala,    who   crossed 
the  frontier  of  Salvador  with  15,000  men  on  March  28.     The  insurgents  burned  Aspinwall 
on  April  1,  and  United  States  troops  and  marines  were  sent  there  next  day  to  protect  the 
communications   between   Aspinwall   and   Colon.      Peace   was   concluded  between   the   Central 
American  republics  on  April  16,   and  on  May  3  was  concluded  a  treaty  between  the  United 
States  and  Colombo   for  the  joint   preservation   of  order   on   the   Isthmus.      General   Preston 
was  executed  on  August  25  for  the  burning  of  Aspinwall,   and  thus   the  warlike   incident 
closed. 

England  lost  her  heroic  Gordon  on  January  2G,  when  the  Mahdi  took  Khartoum,  and 
he  fell  two  days  before  the  British  troops,  under  Wilson,  reached  that  city.  Wilson,  find- 
ing his  mission  vain,  returned  to  Egypt.  In  Parliament  the  franchise  was  greatly  lowered, 
a  redistribution  of  seats  was  effected,  and,  by  the  -Parnellite  defection,  Gladstone  was 
defeated  on  the  budget  and  resigned  June  9,  the  Conservatives  taking  office  with  Salisbury 
as  Premier.  On  June  12  Bechuanaland  was  annexed  to  the  British  Empire,  and  on  No- 
vember 13  Great  Britain  declared  war  against  King  Theebaw  of  Burmah. 

1886 

The  events  of  1886  in  the  United  States  included  serious  labor  troubles.  In  March 
the  Knights  of  Labor  boycotted  the  Gould  railroad  system  in  the  Southwest,  with  fatal 
conflicts  between  striking  railroad  men  and  military  and  civic  authorities.  Strikes  were 
general,  demands  being  for  higher  wages  and  shorter  hours,  or  both.  On  May  1,  while 
railroads  and  factories  were  paralyzed  in  Chicago,  40,000  worklngmen  paraded.  Anarchists 
threw  a  bomb  among  the  police  in  Haymarket  Square  with  fatal  effects.  Rioting  con- 
tinued for  two  weeks.  In  August  eight  of  the  Anarchists  were  convicted  of  murder  and 
seven  were  sentenced  to  be  hanged.  The  Cunard  steamship  Oregon,  with  846  passengers 
on  board,  was  sunk  by  collision  with  a  schooner  off  Long  Island  on  March  14  without 
fatalities.  President  Cleveland  was  married  on  June  2  to  Miss  Frances  Folsom  in  the 
A'^hlte  House,  Washington,  D.  C,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Byron  G.  Sunderland.  On  June  17  the  Most 
Rev.  James  Gibbons,  Roman  Catholic  Archbishop  of  Baltimore  and  Primate  of  the  Church 
In  the  United  States,  was  created  a  Cardinal  and  was  solemnly  invested  with  the  biretta 


A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events.  55 


In  his  cathedral  on  June  30.  An  earthquake  shock  on  the  night  of  August  31,  felt  through- 
out a  large  portion  of  the  Eastern  States,  killed  sixty-one  persons  at  Charleston,  S.  C, 
destroyed  many  buildings,  entailing  a  financial  loss  of  millions,  and  making  thousands  home- 
less. The  Boston  sloop  Mayflower  defeated  the  British  cutter  Galatea  in  two  consecutive 
races  for  the  America's  Cup  in  September  over  Sandy  Hook  course.  Geronimo  and  several 
Apaches  surrendered  on  September  4  to  General  Miles,  on  Skelton  Canyon,  Ariz,,  and  were 
Imprisoned  at  Fort  Marion,  St.  Augustine,  Fla.  In  October  247  lives  were  lost  in  Sabine 
Pass.  Tex.,  and  Johnson's  Bayou,  La.,  by  inundations  caused  by  a  great  gale  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.  Bartholdi's  statue  of  "Liberty  Enlightening  the  World,"  on  Bedloe's  Lsland, 
New  York  Harbor,  was  formerly  unveiled  with  Imposing  ceremonies,  including  a  naval 
parade  and  land  procession,  on  October  28.  At  Washington  the  Senate  passed,  on  January 
15,  and  the  President  approved,  on  January  19,  the  Hoar  Presidential  Succession  bill.  On 
February  1  the  House  passed  a  bill  to  increase  from  $8  to  $12  a  month  the  pensions  of 
widows  and  dependent  survivors  of  I^nion  soldiers.  On  March  1  President  Cleveland  sent 
to  the  Senate  a  message  forcibly  stating  his  views  as  to  the  rights  of  that  body  to  demand 
from  the  Executive  the  various  papers  considered  by  him  in  connection  with  removals  from 
office,  claiming  such  information  to  be  of  a  strictly  confidential  character,  to  be  used  only 
for  the  benefit  of  the  country  as  an  aid  to  the  Executive  in  discharging  his  duty  in  the 
matter  of  appointments  and  removals.  The  Senate,  led  by  Senator  Edmunds,  decided  by 
a  majority  of  one  that  it  had  the  right  to  call  for  all  such  documents.  On  March  5  the 
Senate  passed  the  Blair  Educational  bill  providing  for  an  appropriation  of  $70,000,000  to 
be  distributed  among  the  States  on  the  basis  of  the  illiteracy  of  persons  over  ten  years 
of  age,  except  in  the  cases  of  the  white  and  colored  schools,  where  distribution  should  be 
on  the  basis  of  illiterate  persons  of  school  age.  In  November  elections  to  the  Fiftieth' 
Congress  resulted  in  a  Republican  gain  of  thirteen  members.  During  this  year  Secretary 
of  State  Bayard  tried,  but  failed,  to  settle  the  international  question  of  the  right  of  a 
foreign  country  to  arrest,  try  and  convict  a  foreigner  vv^ho,  in  a  foreign  country,  commits 
a  crime  against  a  citizen  of  the  complaining  country.  An  American  citizen  named  Cutting 
had  been  arrested  in  Mexico  for  an  offence  committed  in  the  United  States  against  a 
Mexican  citizen.  Secretary  Bayard  demanded  Cutting's  release,  and  notified  the  Mexican 
Government  that  the  application  of  such  a  law  against  an  American  citizen  would  not 
be  tolerated.  The  Mexican  Government  released  Cutting  as  having  been  already  suffi- 
ciently punished  by  his  imprisonment,  but  did  not  withdraw  its  claim. 

Abroad,  the  British  Empire,  after  six  weeks'  war  with  King  Theebaw  of  Burmah, 
annexed  Burmah  to  the  empire  on  January  1.  The  Salisbury  ministry  was  defeated  in 
Commons  in  January  and  resigned,  Mr.  Gladstone  resuming  office  with  a  Liberal  ministry, 
remaining  in  office  until  August,  when  a  Tory  ministry  under  Salisbury  again  came  into 
power.  Plome  Rule  for  Ireland  was  defeated  in  Commons  in  June  by  a  vote  of  241  to  311. 
In  France  the  de  Freycinet  ministry,  formed  in  January,  continued  until  December,  when 
it  resigned,  and  the  Goblet  ministry  succeeded.  The  posthumous  birth  of  the  present 
King  of  Spain  occurred  on  Maj'  17.  The  "Mad  King"  Ludwig  of  Bavaria  committed  sui- 
cide in  Starnberg  Lake  on  June  13.  The  Royal  and  Imperialist  princes  were  expelled 
from  France  on  August  24.  Between  July  31  and  August  15  Home  Rulers  and  Orangemen 
rioted  in  Belfast.  On  August  21  Russian  conspirators  abducted  Prince  Alexander  of  Bul- 
garia from  his  palace  and  sent  him  out  of  the  country.  He  returned  to  Sofia  in  Septem- 
ber and  abdicated.  In  October  General  Kaulbars,  Russian  agent,  intrigued  unsuccessfully 
for  Russia  in  Bulgaria.  In  November  Prince  Waldemar  of  Denmark  was  elected  Prince 
of  Bulgaria,  but  declined.  In  New  Zealand  volcanic  eruptions  in  June  caused  vast  destnic- 
tion.  A  new  extradition  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  was  signed 
at  London  on  June  25. 

1887 

The  world's  page  of  history  for  1887  records  the  dissolving  of  the  German  Reichstag 
in  January  by  the  government  for  having  refused  tc  pass  the  Septennate  Army  bill,  which 
bill  was  finally  passed  by  the  Reichstag  on  March  11,  the  parliamentary  elections  in  Feb- 
ruary having  resulted  favorably  to  the  government.  Canadian  parliamentary  elections 
sustained  the  Macdonald  ministry.  Attempts  were  made  to  kill  the  Czar  on  March  14.  On 
March  22  the  ninetieth  birthday  of  Emperor  William  of  Germany  was  celebrated  with 
enthusiastic   demonstrations.      On    March   28   the    Salisbury   ministry   brought    in   the   Irish 


66  A   Quarter- Century  Eecord  of  JSvents. 


Coercion  bill.  It  passed  the  Commons  July  8  by  349  to  262.  Royal  assent  waia  given 
July  19.  Irish  counties  were  proclaimed  July  24.  and  the  Irish  National  League  was  pro- 
claimed August  19.  •  Mrs.  James  Brown  Potter  made  her  debut  in  the  Haymarket  Theatre, 
London,  on  March  29.  War  excitement  was  caused  on  April  20  hy  the  arrest  of  M.  Schnae- 
bles,  French  Commissary,  by  the  Germans  on  the  Franco-German  frontier;  he  was 
released  April  29.  The  French  crown  jewels  were  sold  at  auction  on  May  12.  The  Goblet 
ministry  In  France  resigned  in  May  and  the  Rouvier  ministry  was  installed.  At  Toronto, 
May  18,  William  O'Brien,  the  Irish  Home  Rule  agitator,  was  mobbed  by  Orangemen.  The 
Opera  Comique  in  Paris  was  burned  May  26,  with  a  loss  of  130  lives;  five  days  later 
panic  in  the  cathedral  at  Chihuahua  killed  300  children  and  injured  60  others.  In  June 
Queen  Victoria's  "Diamond  Jubilee."  or  semi-centennial  of  her  coronation,  was  celebrated 
with  imposing  ceremonies  in  London  and  throughout  British  possessions,  only  Ireland 
remaining  lukewarm,  the  Irish  Nationalists  struggling  vainly  at  that  time  against  the 
passing  of  a  Coercion  bill  for  Ireland.  In  India  25,000  prisoners  were  liberated  in  honor 
of  the  jubilee  celebration.  Revolution  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  caused  a  change  of  min- 
istry and  a  revision  of  the  constitution  June  30.  On  July  7  Prince  Ferdinand  of  Saxe- 
Coburg-Gotha  was  elected  Reigning  Prince  of  Bulgaria  by  its  Parliament;  he  was  pro- 
claimed August  14.  The  excommunication  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  McGlynn  was  announced  on 
July  8.  An  American  testimonial  to  Mr.  Gladstone  was  pi-esented  on  July  9.  On  Septem- 
ber 1  Joseph  Chamberlain  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  British  Fisheries  Commission. 
The  burning  of  the  Theatre  Royal  at  Exeter,  England,  on  September  5  cost  140  lives. 
Home  Ruler  William  O'Brien  was  convicted  at  Cork  of  sedition  and  Imprisoned.  On 
October  1-3  an  alliance  between  Germany,  Italy  and  Austria  was  created  at  Friedrichsruh 
by  Bismarck  and  Crispi.  The  Chinese  Government  on  October  12  granted  extensive  bank- 
ing, railroad  and  telegraphic  concessions  to  an  American  syndicate.  On  October  14  General 
Caffarel,  of  the  French  army,  was  disgraced  for  selling  decorations,  and  General  Boulanger 
was  arrested  for  insubordination.  The  German  Crown  Prince's  disease  was  pronounced  to 
be  cancer  November  11.  The  French  Chamber  of  Deputies  voted  on  November  7  to  prose- 
cute M.  Wilson,  the  President's  son-in-law,  for  trafficking  in  offices.  5'^7  to  3;  he  was 
acquitted  by  the  tribunals  December  3,  on  which  date  the  Tirard  ministry  was  again 
Installed.  M.  Jules  Grevy  resigned  the  French  Presidency  on  December  2,  and  Marie, 
Francois  Sadi-Carnot  was  elected  by  Congress  to  succeed  him.  The  Pope's  jubilee  began 
on  December  30  with  the  celebration   of  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  ordination. 

Notable  events  of  the  j-ear  1SS7  in  the  United  States  began  with  the  sale  of  the 
Hoosac  Tunnel  to  the  Fitchburg  Railroad  Company  for  $10,000,000.  In  January  Congress 
passed  the  Interstate  Commerce  bill,  and  a  little  later  the  Canadian  Retaliation  bill.  In 
February  an  attempt  was  made  to  assassinate  Patti  in  San  Francisco  by  an  Infernal 
machine.  The  President  vetoed  the  Dependent  Pension  bill  on  February  11.  and  on  Feb- 
ruary 24  the  House  refused  to  pass  the  bill  over  the  veto.  Severe  earthquake  shocks  in 
northern  Mexico.  Arizona  and  vicinity  caused  topographical  changes.  Queen  Kaplolani  of 
Hawaii  was  entertained  at  the  Executive  Mansion,  Washington.  May  6.  The  Garfield 
Statue  at  Washington,  D.  C,  was  unveiled  with  demonstrations.  On  June  16  the  President 
revoked  the  War  Department  order  restoring  captured  Southern  battle  flags.  In  New 
York  City,  after  long  delay,  Jacob  Sharp,  briber  of  the  "Boodle  Aldermen."  was  convicted 
June  29  and  sentenced  July  14  to  fourteen  years'  imprisonment;  stay  was  granted,  appeal 
taken,  and  a  new  trial  ordered  November  29  by  the  Court  of  Appeals.  Sharp  being  re- 
Ica.sed  on  $40,000  bail.  The  Ute  Indians,  under  Chief  Colorow,  went  on  the  warpath  in 
Wyoming  on  August  14.  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  was  sold  by  th^  Garrett  interest 
on  September  2,  and  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  purchased  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  telegraph  properties.  The  ninth  international  congress  of  physicians  met  at  Wash- 
ington. D.  C,  on  September  5.  The  centennial  celebration  of  the  signing  of  the  Consti- 
tution was  held  at  Philadelphia  September  15-17.  During  September  and  October  President 
and  Mrs.  Cleveland  made  an  extensive  Western  and  Southern  tour.  The  Lincoln  Monument 
was  unveiled  with  demonstrations  at  Springfield,  111.,  on  October  22.  President  Cleveland 
received  a  memorial  from  the  British  International  Arbitration  Delegation  on  October  31. 
On  November  10  Lingg,  the  Chicago  anarchist,  committed  suicide  by  exploding  dynamite 
in  his  mouth;  on  the  following  day  his  convicted  companions,  Spies,  Fischer.  Engel  and 
Parsons,  were  hanged  at  Chicago,  the  Governor  of  Illinois  commuting  the  sentences  of 
Fielden  and  Schwab  to  life  imprisonment.     Barnum's  Winter  quarters,  with  many  valuablt 


A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events.  57 

■  ^^-^^^■^^— ^—  ■  .  _  ■     ■  ■■.■■--       - ,.       ,  -      .  ■ ,     —  ■  ■-  ■ .       ■    ■         .  ■         _  —  —    ■       .  I  I         II 

animals,  were  burned  at  Bridgeport,  Ct.,  November  20.  On  December  5  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court  rendered  its  "States  Rights"  decision  in  the  Virginia  Habeas  Corpus  case. 
The  year  closed  with  labor  troubles  and  a  strike  of  60,000  men  on  the  Reading  Railroad. 


1888 

The  year  1888  was  marked  by  numerous  Incidents  of  international  Interest  In  the 
United  States  and  abroad.  Of  these  the  ni^st  Important  outside  of  this  country  were:  The 
making  public  on  February  3  of  the  treaty  of  alliance  between  Germany  and  Austria 
against  Russia,  concluded  in  1879;  the  performing  of  tracheotomy  on  the  German  Crown 
Prince  at  San  Remo  on  February  9;  the  death  of  William  I.  of  Germany  on  March  9;  the 
marriage  of  Prince  Oscar  of  Sweden  to  Miss  Elba  Munck  in  England^  the  depriving  of 
General  Boulanger  of  his  command  by  the  French  Government  for  breach  of  discipline; 
the  introducing  of  a  local  government  bill  for  England  and  Wales  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons; the  retirement  of  General  Boulanger,  the  defeat  of  the  Tlrard  ministry  In  the 
French  Chamber  of  Deputies  by  the  Floquet  ministry,  and  the  election  of  Boulanger  to 
the  Chamber  by  a  great  majority;  the  issuing  of  a  Papal  rescript  condemning  the  Irish 
"plan  of  campaign"  and  boycotting;  the  sentencing  of  John  Dillon,  M.  P.,  to  six  months' 
Imprisonment  under  the  "Crimes"  act;  the  loss  of  the  steamer  Pemptos  in  the  Indian 
Ocean,  with  1,100  lives;  the  abolition  of  slavery  in  Brazil  by  the  Brazilian  Chambers;  the 
marriage  of  Prince  Henry  of  Germany  and  Princess  Irene  of  Hesse  at  Charlottenburg 
Castle;  the  unanimous  re-election  of  President  Diaz  of  Mexico;  the  resignation  of  General 
Boulanger  from  the  French  Chamber  of  Deputies  and  his  severe  wounding  in  a  duel  with 
Floquet;  the  forcible  separation  of  Queen  Natalie  of  Servia  from  her  son  by  order  of  King 
Milan;  the  taking  by  Italy  of  formal  possession  of  Massowah,  Africa;  the  opening  of  the 
Australian  Centenary  Exposition  at  Melbourne;  Charles  Stewart  Parnell's  suit  against  the 
London  Times  for  $2o0,000  damages;  revolution  in  Hayti  overthrowing  the  Salomon  Gov- 
ernment; Henry  M.  Stanley,  the  African  explorer,  heard  from  at  Bonyala,  on  the  Aru- 
whlmi;  the  marriage  of  Princess  Letitia  Bonaparte,  daughter  of  Prince  Napoleon  (Jerome), 
to  her  uncle,  the  Duke  of  Aosta,  brother  of  the  King  of  Italy;  the  defeat  of  the  Thibetan 
army  in  Thibet  by  the  British  under  Colonel  Graham;  the  introduction  by  Premier  Floquet 
of  his  proposed  revision  of  the  Constitution  in  the  French  Chambers;  the  election,  of 
General  Legitime  as  President  of  Hayti;  the  announcement  of  the  failure  of  the  Panama 
Canal  Company  in  December;  the  election  of  M.  Hammer  as  President  of  Switzerland;  the 
defeat  of  the  Arabs,  with  great  slaughter,  by  British  troops  at  the  battle  of  Suakin;  the 
acceptance,  by  the  Paris  Municipal  Council,  of  the  statues  of  Washington  and  Lafayette, 
presented  to  the  city  by  Mr.  Joseph  Pulitzer.  Minor  foreign  occurrences  worthy  of  note 
were:  The  celebration  of  the  centennial  of  the  London  Times;  the  presentation  of  a  jubilee 
gift  from  President  Cleveland  to  Pope  Leo  XIII.;  the  appointment  of  Lord  Stanley,  of 
Preston,  as  Governor-General  of  Canada;  the  celebration  in  London  and  Greece  of  the  cen- 
tennial of  Lord  Byron's  birth. 

Stirring  events  in  the  United  States  in  1888  were:  The  signing  of  the  fisheries  treaty 
with  Great  Britain  at  Washington;  the  Introducing  of  the  Mills  Tariff  bill  in  the  House  of 
Representatives  April  17;  the  ratification  of  a  treaty  with  China  by  the  United  States 
Senate;  the  adjustment  of  the  differences  between  the  United  States  and  Morocco  May  9; 
the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  of  the  Catholic  TJniversity  at  Washington,  D.  C;  the  signing 
by  Governor  Hill  of  the  law  substituting  electricity  for  hanging  as  the  death  penalty  In 
New  York  June  4;  the  marriage  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough  and  Mrs.  Hammersly  In  New 
York  City;  the  confirming  of  Melville  E.  Fuller  as  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  by  the 
Senate  July  20;  the  passing  of  the  Mills  Tariff  Reduction  bill  by  the  House,  162  to  149, 
July  21;  yellow  fever  epidemic  at  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  lasting  from  July  29  to  December  7, 
with  4,704  cases  and  412  deaths;  the  rejection  of  the  Canadian  fisheries  treaty  by  the 
United  States  Senate  and  the  sending  of  a  message  by  the  President  to  Congress  recom- 
mending retaliation  upon  Canada;  the  passing  of  the  Chinese  Exclusion  bill  by  the  United 
States  Senate,  It  having  pr«viously  passed  the  House;  the  touching  at  $2  by  September 
Wheat  on  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade;   the  debut  of  Coquelin  and  Jane  Hading  In  New 


68  A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events. 


York  October  8;  the  adjournment  of  the  first  session  of  the  Fiftieth  Congress;  the  opening 
of  the  National  Exposition  at  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  the  affirming-  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  of  the  right  of  the  Government  to  sue  the  Bell  Telephone  Company;  the 
marriage  of  the  Right  Hon.  Joseph  Chamberlain  and  Miss  Mary  C.  Endicott,  daughter  of 
the  Secretary  of  War,  at  Washington;  the  placing  of  the  railway  postal  employees  under 
the  Civil  Ser\'ice  law  by  the  Postmaster-General.  Naturally  the  occurrence  of  greatest 
interest  in  the  United  States  in  1S8S  was  the  Presidential  election.  On  June  6  the  National 
Convention  of  the  Democratic  party  at  St.  Louis  renominated  Grover  Cleveland  by  acclama- 
tion, with  Allen  G.  Thurman  for  Vice-President.  In  the  National  Republican  Convention 
at  Chicago,  June  25,  Benjamin  Harrison,  of  Inmana,  was  nominated  for  President  on  the 
eighth  ballot,  his  leading  opponents  being  Senator  John  Sherman,  Gen.  Russell  A.  Alger 
and  Walter  Q.  Gresham.  Levi  P.  Morton,  of  New  York,  was  nominated  for  Vice-President 
on  the  first  ballot.  Money  was  freely  used  in  the  campaign  which  followed,  it  being  esti- 
mated that  the  two  great  parties  expended  $6,000,000.  Blaine  threw  himself  into  the  cam- 
paign for  Harrison,  many  former  Cleveland  supporters  deserted  the  Democracy,  and  the 
lowering  of  the  tariff  made  an  issue  which  united  protectionists.  A  Republican  trick,  how- 
ever, did  much  toward  turning  the  tide  of  battle  against .  Cleveland.  In  September  George 
Osgoodby,  of  Pomona,  Cal.,  wrote,  ostensibly  as  an  Englishman,  to  Lord  Sackville-West, 
British  Minister  at  Vv'ashington,  cleverly  asking  the  Minister's  advice  as  to  how  natural- 
ized Englishmen  in  the  United  States  should  vote,  and  reviev»-ing  the  President's  record  of 
acts  which  Osgoodby  termed  "friendly  to  England."  Lord  Sackville-West  fell  into  this 
decoy  letter  trap,  and  replied  expressing  his  confidence  in  Cleveland  and  the  Democracy. 
These  letters  were  scattered  broadcast  by  Republicans,  and  Cleveland  was  forced,  by  party 
pressure,  to  ask  for  the  Minister's  recall.  It  was  refused,  whereupon  Sir  Sackville-West 
was  given  his  passports.  This  action  was  so  strongly  resented  by  the  British  Government 
that  the  British  Embassy  in  Washington  remained  vacant  during  the  rest  of  Cleveland's 
term.  The  November  elections  resulted  in  a  substantial  Republican  victory,  Harrison  being 
elected,  the  Senate  remaining  Republican,  and  a  face  majority  of  ten  in  the  House  being 
secured  by  the  Republicans. 

1889 

Two  great  disasters,  the  one  of  international  interest,  occurred  in  1889.  The  first  was 
on  March  16-17,  when  a  hurricane  at  Apia,  Samoan  Islands,  wrecked  the  United  States 
warships  Nipsic,  Vandalia  and  Trenton,  and  the  German  warships  Eber,  Olga  and  Adler. 
The  loss  of  life  was  146,  including  Captain  Sclioonmaker,  of  the  Vandalia.  The  ships,  with 
the  British  Calliope,  which  escaped  by  putting  out  to  sea,  were  at  Apia  because  of  the 
di.spute  between  Germany,  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  concerning  protectorate 
government  of  the  Samoans.  The  hurricane  tragedy  was  so  distinguished  by  the  heroic 
conduct  of  all  the  officers  and  men,  irrespective  of  nationality,  that  war.  talk  ceased.  The 
other  extraordinary  disaster  of  the  year  was  the  flooding  of  Johnstown  and  the  Conemaugh 
valley,  Pennsylvania,  on  May  31.  by  the  breaking  of  a  dam.  ■  The  loss  of  life  was  2,295, 
and  the  property  loss  was  $10,000,000.  A  third  notable  disaster  was  at  Antwerp,  Belgium, 
on  September  6,  when  an  explosion  of  dynamite  cartridges  killed  125  persons,  wounded  300 
and  destroyed  $6,000,000  worth   of  property. 

In  the  United  States  the  Republican  party  resumed  full  power  at  Washington,  when 
Benjamin  Harrison  was  inaugurated  President  on  March  4,  making  Blaine  his  Secretary  of 
State.  In  January  the  Republican  tariff  bill  was  passed  by  the  Senate  by  a  strict  party 
vote,  32  to  30.  One  of  President  Cleveland's  last  important  official  acts  was  to  sign,  on 
February  22,  the  Territorial  bill,  admitting  North  and  South  Dakota,  Montana  and  Wash- 
ington as  States.  The  Oklahoma  lands  were  opened  to  settlers  by  Presidential  proclamation 
on  April  22.  President  Harrison  was  the  central  figure  in  the  centennial  celebration  of 
the  inauguration  of  President  Washington  in  New  York  City  on  April  29-May  1.  On  May 
13  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  affirmed  the  constitutionality  of  the  Chinese  Excision 
act.  The  Sioux  Indians  ceded  11,000,000  acres,  their  reservation  in  Dakota,  to  the  Lnited 
States  on  August  6.  A  congress  of  North.  South  and  Central  American  States  convened  at 
Washington  on  October  2.  The  Dakotas,  Montana  and  Washington  Territory  were  admitted 
as   States   by   Presidential   proclamation  in  November.     Thomas   B.   Reed,   of   Mame,   was 


A   Quarter- Century  Becord  of  Events.  69 

elected  Speaker  of  the  House  in  the  Fifty-first  Congress,  which  opened  on  December  2. 
The  principal  non-political  occurrences  at  home  were:  The  murder  of  Dr.  P.  H.  Cronin, 
the  Irish  nationalist  agitator,  at  Chicago,  and  the  subsequent  conviction  of  Burke,  Coughlin, 
O'Sullivan  and  Kunze,  four  of  his  alleged  assassins;  the  annexation  of  Chicago's  suburbs 
to  the  city;  the  holding,  at  the  Mayor's  office,  New  York,  of  the  initial  meeting  for  a 
World's  Fail-  in  1892;  the  unveiling  of  a  monument  to  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  at  Plymouth, 
Mass. ;  the  forming  of  a  memorial  association  by  Union  and  Confederate  veterans  on  Chicka- 
mauga  battlefield  September  20;  the  debut  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kendal  at  the  Fifth  Avenue 
Theatre,  New  York,  October  7;  the  celebration  at  Baltimore  of  the  Roman  Catholic  cen- 
tenary in  America  and  the  opening  of  the  Catholic  University  of  America  at  Washington, 
D,  C,  with  impressive  ceremonies;  the  opening  of  the  Chicago  Auditorium,  President  Har- 
rison and  Mme.  Patti  assisting,  December  9.  In  France  the  Boulanger  troubles  continued. 
General  Boulanger  fled  to  Belgium  on  April  2  to  avoid  th'e  consequences  of  prosecution  by 
the  French  -Government,  removing  to  London  April  24.  On  August  13  the  French  Senate 
pronounced  him  guilty  of  treason  and  embezzlement.  In  February  the  Floquet  ministry  was 
defeated  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  and  resigned,  on  the  question  of  revision  of  the  Con- 
stitution, and  the  Tirard  ministry  was  installed.  The  Eiffel  Tower,  in  Paris,  1,17S  feet 
high,  was  opened  on  March  30.  The  centennial  of  the  beginning  of  the  French  Revolution 
was  celebrated  in  France  and  elsewhere  May  5,  and  the  French  Universal  Exposition  in 
Paris  was  opened  May  6.  In  July,  at  the  sale  of  the  Secretan  paintings  in  Paris.  Millet's 
"Angelus"  sold  for  553,000  francs.  President  Carnot  unveiled  at  Paris  a  replica  of  the 
Eartholdl  Statue  of  Liberty  on  July  4.  The  fall  of  the  Eastile  was  celebrated  throughout 
France  on  July  14;  the  French  elections  of  Council-Generals  returned  949  Republicans  and 
489  Conservatives.  The  remains  of  the  elder  Carnot  were  deposited  in  the  Pantheon,  Paris, 
August  4.  The  Republicans  triumphed  In  the  elections  for  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  In 
September. 

In  England  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London  gave  a  great  banquet  In  honor  of  United  States 
Minister  Phelps  In  January.  William  O'Brien  was  lodged  in  Clonmel  jail  and  roughly 
treated,  refusing  to  wear  the  prison  garb,  in  January.  A  month  later,  in  the  Parnell 
Inquiry,  the  government  witness,  Richard  Pigott,  broke  down  and  confessed  forgery;  he 
fled  February  20,  and  committed  suicide  in  Madrid  March  1.  Gi-eat  Britain,  Germany  and 
the  United  States  began  at  Berlin  their  conference  over  Samoan  affairs  March  29.  The 
Marquis  of  Londonderry  resigned  the  Lord-Lieutenancy  of  Ireland  in  April  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  the  Earl  of  Zetland.  The  Shah  of  Persia  was  received  with  demonstrations,  in 
London  on  July  1,  and  on  the  same  day  in  London  was  opened  the  world's  Sunday-school 
convention.  Parnell  and  his  counsel  withdrev/  from  representation  before  the  commission 
of  inquiry  on  July  13.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gladstone  celebrated  their  golden  wedding  on  July  25. 
Labouchere's  motion  in  opposition  to  further  grants  to  the  royal  family  w^as  voted  down 
In  the  House  of  Commons,  398  to  116.  Princess  Louise  of  Wales  and  the  Duke  of  Fife 
were  married  in  London  on  July  27.  Emperor  William  of  Germany  visited  England  In 
August  and  witnessed  a  great  naval  review.  The  British  and  Egj^ptian  troops  defeated 
the  Dervishers  in  a  battle  in  upper  Egypt  on  August  3.  A  strike  of  dockmen  in  London, 
■u  hich  spread  to  250,000  other  workmen,  lasted  from  August  22  to  September  20.  Hap- 
penings in  other  countries  were:  Crown  Prince  Rudolph  of  Austria  committed  suicide  at 
Meyerling,  near  Baden.  Prince  Alexander  of  Battenberg  and  Marie  Loisinger,  opera  singer, 
were  married  at  Mentone;  she  died  November  7  follov/ing.  King  Milan  of  Servia  abdicated 
In  favor  of  his  son  March  6.  A  statue  of  Bruno,  the  Italian  liberal  philosopher,  was 
unveiled  amid  a  great  demonstration  at  Rome.  King  Alexander  I.  of  Servia  was  conse- 
crated at  Saitchar  July  2.  An  Insurrection  in^Honolulu  to  overthrow  the  government  was 
defeated  July  51.  Mrs.  Florence  Maybrick  was  convicted  in  Liverpool  of  the  murder,  by 
poison,  of  her  husband.  Her  death  sentence  was  commuted  to  penal  servitude  for  life 
August  22.  President  Legitime  abandoned  Hayti,  and  the  rival  President,  Hippolyte,  took 
possession  Of  Port-au-Prince.  Floods  in  Japan  destroyed  10,000  people  in  August,  On 
October  27  Princess  Sophia  of  Germany  and  the  Duke  of  Sparta,  Crown  Prince  of  Greece, 
were  married  at  Athens.  On  November  16  a  revolution  in  Brazil  overthrew  the  monarchy, 
banished  the  Emperor  and  his  family,  and  established  a  republic.  The  explorer  Stanley 
reached  the  eastern  coast  of  Africa  at  Baga^ioyo  on  PecQnil?er  3.  Chftrle.^  I.  W^S  pro- 
cl^lrnea  King  of  Portuga    on  Peceipher  38. 


60  A   Quarter-Centur y  Record  of  Events. 


1890 

The  first  year  of  the  last  decade  of  the  nineteenth  century  was  one  of  comparative 
quiet  throughout  the  world.  Two  record-breaking  trips  around  the  globe,  both  ending  In 
New  York,  were  made.  The  first  was  by  Nellie  Bly  in  72  days,  0  hours,  11  minutes  and  14 
seconds;  the  second  journey  was  by  George  Francis  Train,  the  philosopher,  in  67  days,  13 
hours,  13  minutes  and  3  seconds.  At  Washington,  D.  C,  the  wife  and  daughter  of  Secre- 
tary Tracy  were  burned  to  death  in  February.  The  centenary  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  was  celebrated  in  New  York  February  4,  and  on  the  same  day  the  Samoan 
treaty  with  Germany  and  Great  Britain  was  ratifiea  by  the  United  States  Senate.  Speaker 
Reed's  new  rules  were  adopted  by  the  House  of  Representatives,  161  to  144.  February  14.  Chi- 
cago was  chosen  by  the  House  for  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  February  24.  On  March 
10  the  Blair  Educational  bill  was  defeated  in  the  United  States  Senate,  37  to  31.  The 
Pan-American  Conference  closed  at  Washington  on  April  18.  Commander  McCalla,  U.  S.  N., 
was  suspended  in  May  for  three  years  for  cruelty  to  seamen.  The  McKinley  Tariff  bill 
passed  the  House  of  Representatives.  162  to  142,  two  Southern  Republicans  voting  in  the 
negative.  Amid  a  great  concourse  from  all  the  Southern  States  the  statue  of  General  Lee 
was  unveiled  at  Richmond,  Va.,  on  May  29.  The  following  day  the  Garfield  Memorial 
was  dedicated  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  The  corner-stone  of  the  Washington  Memorial  Arch, 
Washington  Square,  New  York,  was  laid  May  30.  On  July  2  the  Lodge  Force  bill  passed 
the  House  of  Representatives,  two  Southern  Republicans  voting  in  the  negative.  The 
President  signed  the  Idaho  Admission  bill  July  3,  and  the  Wyoming  Admission 
bill  on  July  11.  The  Louisiana  Lottery  bill  was  vetoed  by  Governor  Nichols,  o£ 
Louisiana.  The  New  Croton  Aqueduct  was  opened  in  New  York  on  July  15.  William 
Kemmler,  the  first  victim  of  the  new  electrocution  law  in  New  York  State,  was  executed 
in  the  electric  chair  in  Auburn  (N.  Y.)  prison.  The  United  States  cruiser  Baltimore  sailed 
on  August  25  for  Sweden  with  the  body  of  Captain  Ericsson;  the  remains  were  received 
with  imposing  ceremonies  at  Stockliolm  September  16.  The  Senate  passed  the  McKinley 
Tariff  bill,  33  to  27;  the  President  signed  it  the  next  day,  when  the  first  session  of  the 
Fifty-first  Congress  ended.  The  President  of  the  Mormon  Church,  on  October  6,  published 
a  decree  forbidding  plural  marriages  of  Mormons  in  the  future.  On  October  8  Chief  of 
Police  Hennessy,  of  New  Orleans,  was  assassinated  by  Italians,  some  of  them  members  of 
the  Mafia;  later  the  murder  led  to  international  complications.  The  House  of  Representa- 
tives, by  a  vote  of  139  to  95,  passed  the  International  Copyright  bill  December  3.  King 
Kalakaua  of  Hawaii  landed  at  San  Francisco  December  4.  The  Sioux  Indians  in  South 
Dakota  made  trouble  in  December.  In  one  of  the  skirmishes  with  soldiers  the  noted  chief, 
Sitting  Bull,  was  killed,  and  in  another  Captain  Wallace  and  several  United  States  soldiers 
were  slain. 

The  record  of  the  year  abroad  was:  A  federation  conference  of  the  Australian  colonies 
was  held  at  Melbourne  February  6.  The  young  Duke  of  Orleans  visited  Paris  and  was 
arrested  and  imprisoned  February  7;  he  was  pardoned  by  President  Carnot  June  7  and' 
escorted  out  of  France.  The  railway  bridge  across  the  Forth,  8,269  feet  long,  was  opened 
to  traffic.  The  Tirard  ministry  in  France  resigned  March  14  and  the  Freycinet  ministry 
was  installed.  Prince  Bismarck  resigned  the  German  Chancellorship  March  17.  The  Gov- 
ernment Irish  Land  Purchase  bill  was  brought  forward  by  Mr.  Balfour,  Chief  Secretary 
for  Ireland.  On  June  IS  the  British  and  German  treaty,  settling  their  African  claims 
and  ceding  Heligoland  by  England  to  Germany,  was  made  public.  The  city  of  Fort-de- 
France,  Martinique,  was  nearly  destroyed  by  fire  June  22.  On  the  same  day  the  sudden 
death  of  President  Menendez,  of  Salvador,  was  followed  by  a  revolution,  and  General 
Ezeta  seized  the  government.  The  new  Constitution  was  promulgated  in  Brazil  June  23. 
Major  Panitza  was  executed  at  Sofia,  Bulgaria,  for  conspiring  against  the  government 
June  28.  Henry  M.  Stanley  and  Miss  Dorothy  Tennant  were  married  in  Westminster 
Abbey  July  12.  From  July  15  to  August  31,  when  peace  was  finally  proclaimed,  hostilities 
existed  between  Salvador  and  Guatemala,  during  which  several  battles  were  fought  with 
Salvadorean  victories.  An  insurrection  against  the  government  broke  out  in  Buenos  Ayres 
on  July  26,  and  peace  was  promptly  restored  by  concession  to  the  revolutionists.  Th6> 
Armenian  Cathe4r9.I  in  Constantinople  \ya.s  mobbed  by  Mohamnre^^ns  July  528.    groperw 


A   Quarter-Century  Record  of  Kvents.  61 


William  of  Germany  visited  Queen  Victoria  at  Osborne  August  4;  later  he  visited  other 
crowned  heads  of  Europe.  President  Celman,  of  the  Argentine  Confederation,  resigned,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Senor  Pellegrini.  The  German  Emperor  formally  took  possession  of 
Heligoland  on  August  10.  General  Barrundia,  the  Guatemalean  refugee,  was  killed  bj; 
Guatemalean  officers  on  the  American  steamer  Acapulco  at  San  Jose  August  22.  In 
Switzerland  a  revolution  broke  out  in  the  canton  of  Ticino  September  11.  Fire  partially 
destroyed  the  famous  palace  of  the  Alhambra  in  Spain  September  16.  The  Portuguese 
Cabinet  resigned  September  17.  In  Ireland,  Home  Rulers  John  Dillon  and  William  O'Brien 
were  arrested  for  advising  tenants  not  to  pay  rents  Septemier  18;  they  soon  after  escaped 
to  New  York.  Von  Moltke's  ninetieth  birthday  was  celebrated  in  Germany  October  26. 
The  first  Japanese  Parliament  was  opened  November  1.  The  attention  of  the  world  was 
arrested  on  November  4  by  the  publication  of  the  statement  of  Professor  Koch  conceroing 
his  remedy  vfor  tuberculosis.  A  revolt  against  President  Bogran  in  Honduras  was  sup- 
pressed with  the  aid  of  American  residents  November  9,  and  the  rebel  leader,  Sanchez, 
was  kiMed.  The  British  torpedo  cruiser  Serpent  was  wrecked  on  the  Spanish  coast  with 
a  loss  of  173  lives  November  10.  A  divorce  was  granted  November  17  to  Captain  O'Shea 
from  his  wife,  who  deserted  him  for  Charles  Stewart  Parnell.  The  scandal  was  disastrous 
to  Parnell.  Although  he  was  re-elected  leader  of  the  Irish  National  party  on  November 
25,  he  was  deserted  by  Justin  McCarthy  and  forty-four  other  Irish  Members  of  Parliament, 
who  elected  McCarthy  leader  on  December  6.  General  Seliverskoff,  Russian  agent  at 
Paris,  was  assassinated  at  his  hotel  November  19.  At  Kilkenny,  on  December  24,  the 
opponents  of  Parnell  triumphed  In  electing  Sir  John  Pope  Hennessy  to  Parliament  by  1,171 
majority.     On  December  30  the  leaders  of  the  Irish  faction  began  a  conference  at  Boulogne. 

1891 

Little  Chile  frequently  occupied  the  centre  of  the  International  stage  in  1891.  On 
January  7  a  part  of  the  Chilean  navy  revolted  against  the  Balmaceda  government,  when 
President  Balmaceda  assumed  the  dictatorship  of  the  country.  On  May  7  the  Chilean 
steamer  Itata  escaped  from  the  harbor  of  San  Diego,  Cal.,  while  in  charge  of  a  United 
States  marshal,  but  on  June  4  she  surrendered  to  United  States  naval  vessels  at  Iquique. 
Balmaceda's  army  was  finally  defeated  at  Vina  del  Mar,  Chile,  on  August  28,  the  insur-;- 
gents  took  Santiago  Augrust  31,  and  the  new  Chilean  Government  was  recognized  by  the 
United  States  September  7.  On  September  19  ex-President  Balmaceda  committed  suicide. 
The  United  States  Government,  on  October  26,  demanded  reparation  from  Chile  for  the 
assault  on  the  crew  of  the  war  steamer  Baltimore  in  Valparaiso  on  October  17,  two  being 
killed  and  eighteen  hurt.  Other  warlike  events  of  the  year  were:  The  termination  of  the 
Indian  wars  in  Northwestern  America  by  the  surrender  of  the  hostiles  January  15;  the 
suppression  of  a  Republican  uprising  at  Oporto,  Portugal.  January  31;  the  defeat  of  Osman 
Digna  by  the  Egyptians  at  Tokar  February  19;  insurrectionary  troubles  in  Buenos  Ayres, 
following  the  election  of  General  de  Fonseca,  March  2.  He  proclaimed  himself  Dictator 
November  5,  but  resigned  November  19.  In  New  Orleans  the  lynching  of  eleven  Italians 
by  citizens  in  revenge  for  the  murder  of  Chief  of  Police  Hennessy  led  to  talk  of  war 
between  the  United  States  and  Italy.  Baron  Fava,  the  Italian  Minister  at  Washington, 
was  recalled,  and  the  trouble  was  finally  settled  by  the  payment  of  an  indemnity  of 
$25,000  to  the  families  of  the  sufferers.  Secretary  of  State  Blaine  did  not  regard  the  indem- 
nity as  a  right,  but  as  a  courteous  redress.  He  "S-lso  boldly  refused  "to  recognize  the  right 
of  any  government  to  tell  the  United  States  what  It  should  do,"  adding,  "we  have  never 
received  orders  from  any  foreign  power,  and  shall  not  begin  now."  On  March  30  the 
Manipur  tribes  massacred  400  Goorkhas  troops  at  Assam;  ten  days  later  a  large  force  of 
Manlpurs  were  defeated  by  the  British  under  Lieutenant  Grant,  but  on  April  13  Mr. 
Qulnton  and  other  British  officials  were  murdered  and  mutilated  at  Manipur,  By  order 
of  President  Hippolyte  there  were  many  executions  in  Hayti  on  June  8.  A  British  naval 
force  landed  at  Mitylene  on  September  14  and  erected  fortifications.  France  severed  diplo- 
matic relations  with  Bulgaria  December  14.  Among  the  incidents  less  warlike  than  the 
foregoing  abroad  were:  The  making  public  by  Dr.  Koch  of  the  ingredients  of  his  consump- 
tion lymph  January  J5;  th§  annpunoenjent  s-t  the  Pritisli  Museum  Pf  tl^e  (ii^scpvery  of  % 


62  A   Quarter- Ce? it wy  Record  of  JSvents, 


lost  work  by  Aristotle;  the  formation  of  a  nev/  ministry  in  Italy  with  the  Marquis  di' 
Rudini  as  Premier  February  9;  the  surrender  of  Dillon  and  O'Brien,  the  Irish  Nationalists, 
to  the  English  police  February  12;  a  Conservative  triumph  at  the  general  elections  foi< 
Parliament  in  Canada  March  5;  the  consent  of  France  to  arbitration  on  the  Newfoundland 
fisheries  question  with  the  United  Stales  March  11;  the  sinking  of  the  steamship  Eutopia 
by  collision  in  Gibraltar  Bay,  571  Italian  passengers  drowning,  March  17;  the  first  con- 
versation by  telephone  between  London  and  Paris  March  17;  the  Czar  proclaimed  the  expul- 
sion of  Jews  from  Moscow  April  22;  Prince  Bismarck  was  elected  to  the  Reichstag  May  1; 
Queen  Natalie  of  Servia  was  expelled  from  Belgrade  May  19;  the  British  Parliament  passed 
the  Behring  Sea  bill  June  9;  Sir  William  Gordon  Gumming  M'ag-'convicted  in  England  of 
cheating  at  baccarat  June  9,  and  the  next  day  was  married  to  Miss  Garner,  a  wealthy  New 
York  woman.  A  new  Canadian  ministry  was  formed  by  Premier  Abbott  June  IG.  Charles 
Stewart  Parnell  and  Mrs.  O'Shea  were  married  June  25.  The  triple  alliance  of  Germany, 
Italy  and  Austria  was  renewed  for  six  years  June  30.  Emperor  William  of  Germany  visited 
England  and  was  received  with  great  demonstrations  July  4-14.  An  attempt  was  made  by 
a  madman  to  assasoinate  President  Carnot  July  13.  Lord  Salisbury  received  the  Columbian 
World's  Fair  Commissioners  in  England  July  23.  A  French  fleet  visited  Cronstadt,  Russia, 
and  was  enthusiasticalir  received  July  27.  The  six  hundredth  anniversary  of  Swiss  nation- 
ality was  celebrated  on  August  1.  The  International  Congress  of  Hygiene  and  Demography 
v,-as  opened  by  the  Prince  of  Wales  at  St.  James's  Hall,  London.  The  export  of  every  kind 
of  grain  from  Russia  was  prohibited  August  11.  Sir  Hector  Langevin,  Canadian  Minister 
of  Public  Works,  resigned  because  of  disclosures  of  corruption  made  before  a  Parliamentary 
committee.  The  French  fleet  was  received  with  great  ovations  in  English  waters  August 
18-21.  A  hurricane  and  earthquake  at  Martinique  destroyed  every  vessel  in  the  harbor 
and  cost  340  lives  August  19.  The  "holy  coat"  was  exposed  to  view  in  the  cathedral  at 
Treves  August  20.  The  Meyerbeer  centenary  was  celebrated  at  Berlin  September  5.  In 
San  Salvador  an  earthquake  destroyed  many  villages  and  lives  September  9,  and  at  Seville, 
Spain,  2.000  people  were  drowned  by  floods  September  16.  The  first  performance  of  "Lohen- 
grin"  was  given  in  Paris  September  16.  On  September  30  General  Boulanger  committed 
suicide  at  Brussels.  Demonstrations  were  made  against  the  French  Catholic  pilgrims  at 
Rome  on  October  2.  Arthur  J.  Balfour  was  appointed  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury  October  18. 
The  Italian  Government  permitted  the  importation  of  American  pork  October  21.  A  com- 
mercial treaty  was  signed  by  Germany,  Austria  and  Italy  October  27. 

In  the  United  States  the  notable  events  of  1891,  not  already  mentioned,  were:  The 
death  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  Windom  at  a  Board  of  Trade  banquet  at  Delmonico's, 
New  York,  after  a  speech,  January  29.  President  Harrison  proclaimed  reciprocity 
with  Brazil  February  5.  Edwin  Booth  played  "Hamlet"  in  Brooklyn  and  bade  farewell  to 
the  stage  Apri-1  4.  The  beginning  of  the  second  century  of  patents  in  the  United  States 
was  celebrated  at  Washington  April  S.  Ground  was  broken  for  the  Grant  Monument,  New 
York  City,  with  imposing  ceremonies  April  27.  The  Chinese  Government  notified  the  United 
States  of  its  disapproval  of  Henry  W.  Blair,  American  Minister,  April  28.  The  new  Car- 
negie Music  Hall  in  New  York  City  was  opened  May  5.  The  United  States  Supreme  Court 
upheld  the  constitutionality  of  the  ."original  package"  law  May  25.  President  Harrison 
issued  a  proclamation  declaring  a  close  sealing  season  in  Behring  Sea  June  15.  A  com.- 
mercial  treaty  between  the  United  Stages  and  Spain  was  made  public  June  26.  An  inland 
lake  appeared  in  the  Colorado  desert  June  29.  The  reciprocity  treaty  with  San  Domingo 
was  made  public  August  1.  The  new  lands  in  Oklahoma  were  opened  to  settlers  September 
22.  The  Leland  Stanford,  Jr.,  University  at  Palo  Alto,  Cal.,  was  opened.  Phillips  Brooks 
was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Massachusetts  October  14.  The  New  York  Presbj^tery  acquitted 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Briggs  of  heresy  October  4.  A  memorial  meeting  in  honor  of  Charles  Stewart 
Parnell  v.'as  held  in  New  York  November  15.  Norcross,  a  Boston  lunatic,  attempted  to 
assassinate  Russell  Sage  in  New  York  by  exploding  a  bomb  Decembei  4. 

1892 

The  I'nited  States,   in  1S92,   went   through  the   throes   of  another  presidential   campaign. 
In  AvhicU  the  tfvriff  wrv§  t!ie  issue.    The  Republicans,  ^t  Minneapolis  jn  June,  j-epojnin9.te<j 


A   Quarter-Century  Record  of  Events^  63 


President    Harrison   on   the   first   ballot,    he   receiving   535   votes   to   182   for   Blaine,    182    for 
McKinley  and  4  for  Speaker  Reed.     Whitelaw   Reid,   of  New  York,   was  unanimously  nomi- 
nated for  Vice-President.     The  Democrats,  at  Chicago  in  June,  nominated  Grover  Cleveland 
on   the  first  ballot,    with   Adlai   E.    Stevenson  for  Vice-President.      David   B.    Hill,    of   New 
York,  who  received  114  votes,  and  Horace  Boies,   of  Iowa,  with  103  votes,   were  Cleveland's 
chief  opponents   for  the   Presidential   nomination,   he  receiving  C17   ballots.      In   the  election 
on  November  8,  out  of  a  popular  vote  of  12,110,036,  Cleveland  received  5,556,533;   Harrison, 
5,175,577.     The  electoral  vote  stood:     Cleveland,  277;  Harrison,  145;  Weaver,  People's  candi- 
date, 22,   he  carrying  Colorado,   Idaho,   Kansas  and  Nevada,  and  getting  one  electoral  vote 
in  North   Dakota  and   one  in  Nevada.     Weaver's  votes  were   obtained  by  fusion   with  the 
Democrats.      Practically    universal    peace    prevailed    throughout    1892,    and    there    were    few 
radical  departures  from  humdrum  national  existence  anywhere.     Tiny  Honduras  had  a  revo- 
lution in  August,   and  in  October  a  Venezuelan  revolution   triumphed   in   a  battle  won   by 
General    Crespo.      The   world,    however,    wagged   on    like    a   well    regulated   pendulum.      On 
January  25  Chile  withdrew  the  offensive  note  by  Minister  Matta  to  the  United  States  and 
apologized  for  the   Valparaiso   riots.      The  United   States   calmed   Italy's   ire  over  the  New 
Orleans   "Mafia  riots"  by  paying  $25,000  indemnity  to  families  of  the  victims.     Among  the 
noteworthy  events  in  the  United  States  were:     The  United  States  Supreme  Court  affirmed 
the  constitutionality  of  the  McKinley  Tariff  act  March  1;   the  Senate  ratified  the  Behring 
Sea  arbitration  treaty  without  opposition  March  29;  the  United  States  invited  other  nations 
to   a   monetary  conference  April  21;   President   Harrison  laid   the   corner-stone   of  the   Grant 
Monument  in  New  York  April  27;   the  bridge  across  the  Mississippi  River  at  Memphis  was 
opened  with  ceremonies  May  12;   Dr.   Parkhurst's   crusade  against  vice  in  New  York,   fol- 
lowing his  denunciation  of  New  York  City  officials  as   "a  damnable  pack  of  administrating 
bloodhounds,"    was    indorsed    at    a    mass    meeting   at    Cooper    Union.      A    conflict    between 
strikers  and  Pinkerton  men  at  Homestead,  Pa.,   resulted  In  ten  killed  and  many  wounded 
July  6,  and  led  Governor  Pattison  to  order  out  State  troops  July  9  to  preserve  order.     The 
Stewart  Free  Silver  Coinage  bill  was  defeated  in  the  House  of  Representatives,   154  to  136, 
July  13.     Congress  appropriated  $2,500,000  to  be  coined  Into  memorial  half  dollars  in  aid  of 
the  World's  Columbian  Fair  at  Chicago.     New  York  State  troops  were  ordered  to  Buffalo 
and   quelled   a   switchmen's    strike   In   August.      President    Harrison    issued   a   proclamation 
retaliatory  upon   Canada  by   establishing  tolls   on   Sault  Ste.   Marie   Canal   August  20.     To 
shut  out  the  cholera  the  United  States  Government  proclaimed  twenty  days'  quarantine  for 
all   European  vessels  September  1;   a   death  occurred   in  New  York   City   from   cholera   on 
September  13,  but  the  city  was  declared  free  of  the  disease  after  September  19.     The  dis- 
covery   of   America    by    Columbus    was    commemorated    In    New    York    October    9-15    by    a 
series   of  celebrations,    including  a  great   military  pageant   October  12;    in   Chicago,    October 
20-23,  there  were  magnificent  ceremonies  dedicatory  of  the  World's  Fair.     A  $5,000,000  fire 
in    Milwaukee   burned    over    twenty-six   acres    October    28.      The    Amalgamated    Association 
declared  the   strike  at  Homestead  at  an  end  November  20;    the  anarchist,    Berkman,    who 
tried  to  kill  Manager  H.  C.  Frick,  of  the  Carnegie  Steel  Works,  was  sentenced  to  twenty- 
two  years'   Imprisonment.      The   corner-stone  of  the   Protestant   Episcopal   Cathedral   of  St. 
John  the  Divine,   New  York,   was  laid  December  27.     The  Rev.   Dr.   McGlynn  was  restored 
to  his  priestly  functions  by  the  Papal  delegate,  Mgr.   Satolli. 

Abroad,  in  1892,  the  much-mooted  "unwritten  law"  came  into  prominence  when  Edward 
P.  Deacon,  an  American,  shot  and  killed  his  wife's  friend,  M.  Abellle,  In  Paris  February  18. 
On  the  same  day  Lieutenant  Hethcrlngton,  U.  S.  N.,  also  killed  a  too  persistent  admirer 
of  his  wife  at  Yokohama,  Japan.  The  French  ministry  was  defeated  on  a  religious  ques- 
tion and  resigned  February  IS,  and  M.  Loubet  formed  a  new  ministry  February  27;  a  min- 
isterial crisis  In  Greece  occurred  at  the  same  time.  An  extradition  treaty  between  France 
and  the  United  States  was  signed  at  Paris  March  26.  At  Tokio,  Japan,  a  fire  destroyed 
6,000  houses  on  April  12.  The  Cafe  Very,  Paris,  was  destroyed  by  dynamite  April  25.  One 
thousand  lives  were  lost  through  a  hurricane  at  Mauritius  April  29.  The  Rudini  ministry 
in  Italy  resigned  May  5.  An  American  steamer  laden  with  grain  for  the  starving  Russians 
arrived  at  Riga  May  13.  The  Danish  King  and  Queen  celebrated  their  golden  wedding' 
May  23.  The  Twelfth  Parliament  of  Victoria  was  dissolved  and  elections  for  the  new 
Parliament  began  June  28.     St.  John's,  N.  F.,  was  nearly  destroyed  by  fire  July  9.     Rava- 


64  A   Quarter- Centur 7/  Record  of  Events. 

chol,  the  anarchist  and  dynamiter,  was  guillotined  at  Paris  July  11.  An  avalanche  from 
Mont  Blanc  destroyed  villages  and  200  lives  July  12.  The  Christopher  Columbus  celebration 
began  at  Cadiz,  Spain,  July  31.  The  new  British  Parliament  was  opened  August  4.  On 
August  11  a  vote  of  "no  confidence"  in  the  Conservative  ministry  was  carried  in  the  House 
of  Commons,  350  to  210;  the  Conservative  ministry  thereupon  resigned,  and  Mr.  Gladstone 
formed  a  Liberal  ministry.  The  railroad  from  Joppa  to  Jerusalem  was  completed  Septem- 
ber 13.  On  September  20  the  Italian  people  celebrated  the  twenty-first  anniversary  of  the 
unification  of  Italy.  The  centennial  of  the  birth  of  the  First  Republic  was  celebrated  in 
France  on  September  22.  Stuart  Knill,  a  Roman  Catholic,  was  elected  Lord  Mayor  of 
London  September  29.  The  German  and  Austrian  Emperors  had  a  fraternal  conference  in 
Vienna  October  11.  The  Anchor  Line  steamer  Roumania  was  wrecked  on  the  coast  of 
Portugal,  with  a  loss  of  more  than  100  lives,  October  28.  Celebrations  in  honor  of  Luther 
were  held  at  Wittenberg  October  31.  Anarchists  caused  dynamite  explosions  in  Paris 
November  8.  The  International  Monetary  Conference  met  in  Brussels  November  22;  on 
December  17  it  suspended  its  sessions  until  May  13,  1893.  Sir  John  Thompson  succeeded 
Sir  John  Abbott  as  Canadian  Premier  November  25  and  chose  a  new  ministry.  The  Inves- 
tigation of  the  Panama  Canal  scandal  was  begun  in  France  November  25;  on  this  scandP.l 
Issue  the  Loubet  ministry  resigned  November  28,  and  the  Ribot  ministry  succeeded  Decem- 
ber 5.  Ferdinand  de  Lesseps  was  arrested  for  complicity  In  the  canal  frauds  December  18; 
excitement  was  high  in  France;  Clemenceau  and  Deroulede,  the  French  political  leaders, 
fought  a  bloodless  duel  on  December  23. 

1893 

The  political  change  in  1893  In  the  "Washington  administration  by  the  inauguration  of 
Mr.    Cleveland   as   President   on    March  4   did  not   cause   as   much   excitement  as   did   Mr., 
Cleveland's  first  accession.     Walter  Q.   Gresham,  of  Illinois,  was  made  Secretary  of  State, 
The  notable  political  events  of  the  year  were:     The  Senate  confirmed  the  Russian  extradi- 
tion treaty  February  S;  the  Hawaiian  annexation  treaty  was  returned  to  the  State  Depart- 
ment by  the   Senate   at   the  President's  request   March  9;    the   Supreme   Court  declared   the 
Geary   Chinese   Exclusion   act   to   be   constitutional   May   15;    President   Cleveland   called   an 
extra  session  of  Congress,   to  convene  August  7,   to  consider  the  financial   crisis  June  30; 
when  the  extra  session  begun  currency  was  selling  at  a  premium  in  New  York  City.     The 
House  of  Representatives  voted  to  repeal  the  silver-purchasing  clause  of  the  Sherman  act, 
rejecting  all  free  coinage  amendments,   August  28,   and  on   September  20  the  bill  to  repeal 
the  Federal  Election  law  was  reported  in  the  House.     The  Senate  passed  the  Silver  Repeal 
bill  October  30.     The  first  Chinaman  was  officially  deported  from  San  Francisco  August  10 
for  non-registration.     During  the  year  American  eyes  were  turned  frequently  toward  Hawaii, 
where  Queen  Liliuokalani  was  dethroned  by  revolutionists  on  January  16;  Minister  Stevens 
landed  United  States  marines  at  Honolulu,  raised  the  United  States  flag,   and  established 
a  protectorate  February  1;.  this  protectorate  ended  April  13,  when  the  United  States  forces 
were  withdrawn  by  order  of  Commissioner  Blount.     Other  noteworthy  American  incidents 
of   1893  were:      President   Harrison   raised   the   American   flag   on   the   Atlantic   liner   New 
York  February  22;   the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago  was  opened  by  President  Cleveland  May  1 
and  continued  until  October  30;  a  $5,000,000  fire  in  Boston,  March  10,  was  followed  by  the 
burning  of  Tremont  Temple  in  that  city  March  19;  the  New  York  Central  Railroad's  engine 
"999"   raised  the  speed  limit  to  112i^   miles  per  hour;   Princess   Eulalie,   representative  of 
the   Spanish   Government,   was   received   with   honors   in  New   York   May   18;    the   body   of 
Jefferson    Davis    was    reinterred    at    Richmond,    Va.;    the    Presbyterian    General    Assembly 
suspended  Dr.    Bi'lggs   from   the   ministry  June   1;    the  Ford   Opera  House   in  Washington, 
D.   C,   used  by  the  Pension  Record   Division  of  the  War  Office,   collapsed  during  business 
hours,  killing  twenty-one  clerks  and  wounding  many,  June  9;  Governor  Altgeld,  of  Illinois, 
caused  a  furore  by  releasing  the  Haymarket  anarchists  from  prison  June  26;  the  Clearlng- 
House  banks  of  New  York  prevented  a  money  panic  by  the  loan  of  $6,000,000  June  29;  the 
South  Carolina  liquor  dispensary  law  took  effect  July  1;  Lieutenant  Peary's  expedition  left 
New  York  for  the  Arctic  regions  July  2:  by  Mr.  Drexel's  will  many  public  bequests  and 
Jl, 000,000   for  the   erOctlon   of   an   art    gallery    In    Philadelphia    were   announced    July   20; 


A    Quarter -Century  Record  of  Events.  65 

Minneapolis  had  a  $2,000,000  fire,  by  which  1,500  people  were  made  homeless,  August  13; 
th3  resuming  of  work  in  the  iron,  steel  and  cotton  mills  of  Pennsylvania  and  Massachusetts 
restored  20,000  men  to  labor  August  14;  1,000  lives  were  lost  by  a  cyclone  in  Savannah 
and  Charleston  August  28;  President  Cleveland  opened  the  Pan-American  Congress  In 
Washington  September  5;  the  Parliament  of  Religions  began  its  sessions  at  Chicago  Sep- 
tember 11;  the  Cherokee  strip  was  opened  for  public  settlement  September  16;  yellow  fever 
became  epidemic  at  Brunswick,  Ga.,  September  17;  a  disastrous  cyclone  raged  on  the  Gulf 
coast  of  Louisiana,  about  2,000  persons,  mostly  whites,  being  killed,  and  much  property 
destroyed;  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  was  placed  in  a  receiver's  hands  October  13;  the 
English  yacht  Valkyrie  was  defeated  by  the  American  yacht  Vigilant  in  races  for  the 
America's  Cup  off  New  York  harbor  October  7-13;  eastbound  and  westbound  records  were 
broken  by  the  Cunard  steamships  Lucania  and  Campania,  respectively,  October  20;  Mayor 
Carter  H.  Harrison,  of  Chicago,  was  assassinated  October  28;  F.  H.  Weeks,  of  New  York, 
embezzler  of  $1,000,000,  was  sent  to  Sing  Sing  prison;  the  new  cruiser  Columbia,  U.  S.  N., 
made  nearly  twenty-five  knots  on  an  unofficial  trip;  a  successful  test  of  an  electrical 
canal  boat  on  the  Erie  Canal  was  made  November  19;  the  United  States  Supreme  Court 
decided  the  Great  Lakes  to  be  high  seas  November  21;  a  statue  of  Nathan  Hale  wa3 
unveiled  in  New  York  City  by  Sons  of  the  Revolution  November  25. 

Abroad:  Princess  Marie  of  Edinburgh  and  Prince  Ferdinand  of  Bulgaria  were  married 
January  10.  The  Ribot  ministry  in  France  assumed  power  January  10.  The  Pope  appointed 
Mgr.  Satolli  Permanent  Apostolic  Delegate  to  the  United  States  January  14.  The  Khedive 
of  Egypt  appointed  a  new  cabinet  without  consulting  the  British  Government;  the  next 
day  he  dismissed  it  under  British  pressure.  Princess  Margaret,  sister  of  the  German 
Emperor,  and  Prince  Frederick  Charles  of  Hesse  were  married  January  25.  Many  persons 
were  killed  and  injured  and  buildings  demolished  by  an  earthquake  on  the  island  of  Zante. 
Count  de  Lesseps  and  son,  MM.  Fontaine,  Cottu  and  Eiffel  were  found  guilty  of  swindling: 
in  the  Panama  scandal  trials  February  9.  Mr.  Gladstone  introduced  the  Home  Rule  bill 
in  the  British  House  of  Commons  February  13.  The  Pope's  Episcopal  jubilee  was  cele- 
brated February  19.  The  Mayor  of  Moscow  was  assassinated  March  21.  The  Behring  Sea 
arbitration  court  opened  in  Paris  March  23.  Spurgeon's  son  succeeded  him  in  the  Tab- 
ernacle pulpit,  London,  March  29.  Brazilian  revolutionists  defeated  the  Castllhistas  and 
massacred  4,000  men  at  Alegrete  April  5.  Japan  seized  the  Pellew  Islands  in  tha  North 
Pacific  April  11.  The  English,  Scottish  and  Australian  Chartered  Bank  of  London  failed, 
with  liabilities  of  $30,000,000,  April  12.  A  complete  Syrian  text  of  the  four  gospels  o^ 
the  New  Testament  was  discovered  in  the  Mount  Sinai  Convent  April  12.  Alexander,  the 
young  King  of  Servia,  by  a  coup  d'etat,  established  his  authority.  The  Australian  Joint 
Stock  Bank  failed  for  £13,000,000  sterling  April  20.  Mr.  Gladstone  offered  the  Poet  Laure- 
ateship  to  John  Ruskin  May  8.  The  Earl  of  Aberdeen  became  Governor-General  of  Canada 
May  11.  Fifty  villages  were  destroyed  and  many  lives  lost  by  floods  in  Austria  June  7. 
On  June  23  the  sympathetic  attention  of  the  universe  was  extended  to  England  when  the 
English  battleship  Victoria  collided  with  the  Camperdown  off  Tripoli,  Syria,  and  sank,  with 
400  officers  and  seamen,  among  others,  Vice-Admiral  Sir  George  Tryon,  the  fleet  com- 
mander. India  closed  her  mints  to  free  coinage  of  silver  June  25.  There  was 
rioting  in  Paris  by  students  and  afterward  by  the  disorderly  classes  July  3-4. 
The  Duke  of  York  and  Princess  Mary  of  Teck  were  married  in  London  July  6. 
Great  disorders  and  fighting  in  the  House  of  Commons  occurred  July  27.  The  French 
Cabinet  accepted  Slam's  surrender  of  territorial  rights  July  30.  The  Behring  Sea  Court 
of  Arbitration  denied  the  right  of  the  United  States  to  a  closed  sea  August  15.  The  House 
of  Lords  rejected  the  Home  Rule  bill  September  8.  The  Brazilian  rebel  fleet  began  the 
bombardment  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  September  13.  The  Matabele  tribe,  under  Lobengula, 
attacked  the  British  strongholds  near  Victora,  South  Africa,  October  3.  The  President  of 
Guatemala  dissolved  Congress  and  declared  himself  Dictator  October  13.  Russian  naval 
officers  were  feted  in  France  October  15-20.  A  cargo  of  dynamite  exploded  in  the  harbor 
of  Santander,  Spain,  killing  and  wounding  at  least  1,000  persons,  while  more  than  100 
houses  were  burned,  November  4.  Thirty  persons  were  killed  and  eighty  injured  by  a 
bomb  thrown  by  anarchists  in  a  Barcelona  theatre  November  8.  One  of  the  insurgents' 
best  warships  was  sunk  in  Rio  harbor  by  Peixoto's  guns.  An  anarchist  exploded  a  bomb 
In  the  French  Chamber  of  Deputies  December  9. 


66  A    Quarter-Century  Record  of  Events. 


1894 

The    red    hand    of    war,    disorder  "and    disaster    dropped    blood    upon    the    pages    of    the 
record  of   1894.      Chief  among  the   conflicts' was  a   sanguinary  struggle   between   Japan   and 
China.      On   June   30   Korea   declared   its   independence   of  China   and    invoked   Japanese   aid. 
On  July  2  insurgents  defeated  the  Korean  Government  troops,   and  war  between  Japan^  and 
China  was  imminent.   Japan  having  insisted  on  needed  reforms  in  Korea.     War  was  finally 
declared  July  27.  and  the  King  of  Korea  was  held  a  prisoner  bj'  Japan.     There  was  a  great 
battle   at   Ping   Yang   between   the   Japanese   f«rces   and    the    Chinese    September    15:    IG.OOO 
CJ.inese  troops  were  killed,   wounded  and  captui-ed.   while  the  Japanese  losses  were  trifling. 
On  November  21   there  was  an  awful  massacre  of  Chinese  by   the  Japanese   troops  at  Port 
Arthur.     This  was  raging  as  the  year  closed.     In  Russia.   January  2,    Catholics  were  mas- 
sacred at  Krosche  by  Cossack  soldiers,   100  being  killed.     A  Sicilian  revolution  was  crushed 
by   government   troops   January   15.      The   Umzizi   tribe   near  Cape   Town,    Africa,    killed   250 
blacks    in   battle   January    15.      Pillaging   and    riocing   followed    the    destruction    of   Jeremie, 
Haytl,    by   fire   January   20.      The   United   States   flag   was   fired   on    in   Rio   harbor   by    thet 
insurgents   engaged  In   the   Biazilian   war   January   30;   prompt   satisfaction   was   exacted   by 
Admli-al  Benham.     Information  was  received  February  3  of  the  slaughter  of  French  troops 
by  Africans  near  Timbuctoo,  in  the  Soudan.     At  Yuzzat,  Turkey,   125  Armenians  were  killed 
and   340   were   wounded   February    14.      Many    British    sailors    and    marines    were    killed   by 
native  tribes  on  the  West  Coast  of  Africa  February  24.     On  the  same  day  the  war  In  Hon- 
duras ended,  when  the  capital  city,  Tegucigalpa,  capitulated  to  the  Xlcaraguans.     A  British 
force  of  thirty-four  men  was  slain  by  Abor  tribesmen  in  Assam,  India,   March  9.     The  war 
jH  Brazil  was  ended  March  13  by  the  final  surrender  of  tlie  rebel  forces  to  President  Peixoto, 
who  extended   executive  clemency   to  the   Rio   rebels.      Hundreds   were  killed  and  thousands 
were  wounded  in  a  battle  at  Bornu,   in  the  Central   Soudan,   April  2.      Diplomatic  relations 
between  Brazil  and  Portugal  were  broken  off  May  14,  war  being  threatened.     In  the  defeat 
ftf   the   government   troops   in   Salvador   600   men   were   slain   June   3.      President   Carnot.    of 
France,  was  assassinated  while  driving  through  the  streets  of  Lyons  June  4  by  one  Santo, 
who   was   captured  and   later  beheaded.      More   than   6,000   Armenian   Christians   were   mas- 
sacred   by    Turks    In    Kurdistan    November    16.      The    great    disasters    in    1894    were:      The 
W^orld's  Fair  buildings  in  Chicago  were  burned,  with  $2,000,000  loss,  January  8;  the  famous 
Mosque  of  I>amascus  was  destroyed  by  fire  January  15;  on  the  game  day  was  received  news 
of  the  loss  of  the  lives  of  300  women  and  children  by  fire  in  the  Ningpoo  Temple,   China; 
the  Cauca  valley.   South  America,  was  inundated  by  the  most  destructive  flood  of  the  cen- 
tury January  25;   on  the  same  daj*  came  information  of  the  complete  annihilation  by  earth- 
quake  of  the   town   of  Kuchan,    Persia,    12,000  persons   being  killed   and  20,000  cattle  being 
destroyed;    the    wrecking    of    the    bark    Port    Yarrock,    in    Brandon    Bay,    Ireland,    drowned 
twenty-five  men  January  29;  the  United  States  warship  Kearsarge,  famous  as  the  destroyer 
03"  the  Alabama,  was  wrecked  on  Roncador  Reef  February  2;  thirteen  miners  were  entombed 
in   the   shattered    Gaylord   mine,    Plymouth,    Pa.,    February    13;    forty    German    sailors   were 
ki'led  by  a  boiler  explosion  on  the  cruiser  Bradenburg  at  Kiel  February  10;  eighteen  persons 
•were    killed    and    seven    injured   by   a    dynamite    explosion    at    Santander,    Spain,    March   23; 
jnore  than  1,000  buildings  were  destroyed  by  fire  in  Shanghai,   China,   by  fire  April  4.   and 
1,000  persons  were  drowned   in  a  rising  of  the  Han  River.   China,   April  21;   an  earthquake 
7)ear  Athens.   Greece,  killed  227  persons  April  23:   thirty-seven  miners  were  killed  at  Frank- 
lin. Wash.,  April  24;  fifty  pleasure  seekers  were  drowned  by  a  crowded  pier  giving  way  at 
Brohilov,    RoumaBla.    April    30;    Merida.    Egido    and    several    villages    in    Venezuela    were 
flestroyed  by   earthquake,   and   about  11,000  persons  were  killed   May  9:   2,000  persons  were 
made  homeless  by  fire  in  Boston,  which  burned  over  twenty  acres  and  destroyed  177  build- 
ings. May  15;  at  Karwin,  Silesia  200  miners  were  killed  January  15;  an  attempt  was  made 
lo  assassinate  Premier  Crlspi,  of  Italy,  June  21;  on  the  same  day  many  persons  were  killed 
by  an  earthquake  at  Yokohama  and  Tokio,  Japan:  about  250  miners  were  killed  at  Cardiff. 
Wales,  Jiuie  23;  by  the  foundering  of  the  tugboat  Nichol  off  Sandy  Hook,   N.   J.,   forty-two 
■persons  were  drowned;   nearly  200  persons  were  drowned  by  a  ferryboat  accident  at  Buda- 
-Dest,    Hungary,    July   4;    Constantinople   was   .shaken   by  an   earthquake   July   10.    more   than 
1,000   persons   being   killed;    many   negro   miners    in   Alabama   were   slaughtered    by   strikers 
July  16;  great  fires  in  W^isconsln  killed  many  persons  July  28;  a  disastrous  fire  In  Chicago 


A   Qiiarter-Oenturi/  Kecoi'd  of  Emnts..  67 


destroyed  $3,000,0(M)  worth  of  property  August  1;  100,000  people  were  killed  by  a  stomi 
along  the  coast  of  the  Sea  of  Azov,  Russia,  August  26;  a  great  fire  raged  among  the  flower- 
boats  on  the  Canton  River,  China,  and  1,000  natives  perished  August  ;31;  at  Hinckley  and 
other  Minnesota  towns  500  perished  In  an  awful  conflagration  September  2:  by  the  wreck 
of  the  steamer  Wairarapa  off  the  New  Zealand  coast  134  persons  were  drowned  November  1; 
an  earthquake  in  Southern  Italy  and  Sicily  cost  many  lives  November  IG;  at  a  Christmas 
festival  at  Silver  I^^ke,  Ore.,  forty  persons  perished  by  firs  December  20;  the  Delevan, 
House,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  was  burned  December  30  and  sixteen  lives  were  lost. 

General   events   abroad   which   excited    worldwide   interest   were:      The   Manchester   Ship 
Canal,    England,    was   opened   to   traffic   January   1;    Emperor   William   of   Germany   became 
reconciled  to  Prince  Bismarck,  and  there  was  great  rejoicing  in  Berlin  and  elsewhere  Jan- 
uary 26;  Russia  yielded  to  England  in  the  Pamir  dispute  January  31;  Prudente  Moraes  was 
elected  President  ol  Brazil  March  1;   Mr.   Gladstone  resigned  as  Prime  Minister  of  England 
March  2,  and  Lord  Ro?ebery  was  appointed  Premier  March  3;  Labouchere's  motion  to  abro- 
gate the  veto  power  of  the  House  of  Lords  was  adopted  in  the  House  of  Commons  March  13; 
a  funeral   procession   five   miles   long   followed    the   body   of   Louis   Kossuth,    the   patriot,    to 
his  grave  in  Budapest,  Hungary,  April  1 ;  announcement  was  made  April  20  of  the  betrothal 
of  Grand   Duke   Nicholas,   Czarewitch   of   Russia,    to   the   Princess   Alix  of   Hesse;   President 
Gonzales,   of  Paraguay,   was   deposed  and   banished   June  0;    M.    Casimir-Perier   was   elected- 
President  of   France  June  27;    the   Hawaiian   Republic   was   proclaimeJ   July  4;    the   French 
Senate  passed  the  Anti- Anarchist  bill  by  a  vote  of  205  to  35  July  27;  the  new  serum  cure, 
antitoxine,  for  diphtheria,  was  announced  by  Dr.   Roux,   of  Paris,   November  1;  Nicholas  II. 
was  proclaimed  Emperor  of  Russia  November  2,  succeeding  Alexander  III.,  who  died  Novem- 
ber 1;   a  financial  panic  in  Newfoundland  December  10  paralyzed  the  business   interests  o£ 
the  colony  and  caused  the  resignation  of  the  Government;   Sir  John  Thompson.   Premier  of 
Canada,  died  suddenly  while  a  guest  of  Queen  Victoria,  and  Mackenzie  Bowell  was  appointed 
in  his  stead  December  12.     In  the  United  States  in  1804  labor  troubles  were  freouent  and 
serious.     At  Columbus,  O.,   136,000  coal  miners  were  ordered  to  strike  for  more  wases  April 
20.     Coxey's   "army"   of  unemployed   invaded  Washington,    D.    C,   on   April   29.      A  boycott 
was   declared   June   25   by   the   American   Railway   Union   against   the   Pullman   Palace    Car 
Company,  which  resulted  in  the  stopping  of  railroad  traffic  in  the  West  and  affected  nearly 
50,000  miles  of  railroads;  the  United  States  Court  issued  an  injunction  to  prevent  interference 
with  railroad  trains  by  strikers  July  2.     On  July  6  United  States  deputy  marshals,  at  Ken- 
sington, 111.,  near  Chicago,  fired  on  strikers,  killing  two  and  injuring  others;  much  railroad 
property  was  burned  by  mobs  in  Chicago.     The  American, Railway  Union  strike  was  declarad 
off  July  13.      Sixty-eight  factories  closed  at  Fall   River,   Mass.,   August   13,   and  more  than 
22,000  w^ere  made  idle   thereby.     In  New  York  City   12,000  tailors   struck  against   the  task- 
work system  September  4.     Eugene  V.  Debs,  the  labor  leader,  was  sentenced  to  six  months' 
imprisonment  for  contempt  of  court  during  the  great  railroad  strike  December  4.     In  New 
York   City    Police    Captain    Schmittberger    testified,    before    the    Lexow    Investigating    Com- 
mittee,   of   great   corruption   In   the   New   York   Police   Department;    Cajjtain    Stephenson,    of 
the  police,   had  already  been  convicted  of  receiving  a  bribe,   and   Captain   Creedon   testified 
to  paying  $15,000  for  a  police  captaincy.     Captains  Stephenson,   Cross.   Doherty  and  Devery 
were  dismissed  from  the  force.     Politically^  at  home,  the  principal  events  of  interest  includ(ed 
the   passing   of  the  Wilson  Tariff  and   Income   Tax  bills   by   the   House   of  Representatives; 
the  passing  of  the  Bland  Coinage  bill  by  the  United  States  Senate.   44  to  31;  a  legislative 
deadlock  in   New  Jersey   from   January   9   to   March  21.   with   two   Senates,   both   Democrats 
and  Republicans,  claiming  legal  organization,  until  the  L'nited  States  Supreme  Court  decided 
in  favor  of  the  Republicans;  the  Greater  New  York  bill  was  signed  by  the  Governor,  making 
It  the  second  largest  city  on   earth,    February  28;   the  New  York  and  New  Jersey   Bridge 
bill    was    signed   by    President    Cleveland    June    8;    the    United    States    Goverrmient    obtained 
proofs  of  armor-plate  frauds  June  29;   President  Cleveland  signed  the  Enabling  act,   making 
Utah  a  State,   July  17;   Senator  Gorman  assailed   the  President  in  a  speech,   impugning  the 
President's  honor.   July  23;   the  Hawaiian  Republic  was  officially  recognized  by   the  United 
States   Government   August   9;    the   new   tariff  law   became   a   law   without   President   Cleve- 
land's  signature  August  27;   a  new   treaty  between  the   United   States   and   Japan   was  pro- 
claimed December  9.     A  noted  defalcation  of  the   year  was  that  of   Samuel   C    Seeley,    a 
bookkeeper  of  the  National  Shoe  and  Leather  Bank  of  New  York,  who  robbed  the  institution 
named  of  1354,000. 


gg  A  Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events. 


1895 

The  civilized  world  stood  aghast  through  1895  at  the  flow  of  blood  of  Armenian  Chris- 
tians it  being  estimated  that  the  Turks  and  Kurds  massacred  30,000  and  plundered  and 
rendered  homeless  more  than  200,000  Armenians;  the  humanity  of  nations  was  shocked,  but 
Interference  was  slight,  China  and  Japan  continued  their  warfare.  The  Japanese  captured 
Wei-Hai-Wel  January  31;  on  March  5  they  captured  New-chwang,  after  a  thirteen  hours' 
battle;  the  Chinese  Government  notified  Japan  of  its  wish  to  treat  for  peace  March  10;  on 
March  14  the  Chinese  peace  envoy  embarked  for  Japan,  and  the  conferences  were  begun 
at  Shimonoseki  March  21;  on  March  24  a  Japanese  attempted  to  assassinate  Li  Hung  Chang, 
the  Chinese  envoy  at  Shimonoseki;  a  cessation  of  hostilities  between  Japan  and  China  was 
ordered  by  the  Mikado  March  29;  on  April  24  the  Russian,  French  and  German  govern- 
ments protested  against  the  acquisition  of  Chinese  territory  by  Japan;  a  treaty  of  peace 
between  Japan  and  China,  concluded  April  17,  was  ratified  at  Chefoo  May  8,  thus  endmg 
the  war  of  nearly  ten  months'  duration.  Other  nations,  too,  had  their  troubles.  A  Royalist 
outbreak  at  Honolulu  was  suppressed  by  the  Dole  Government,  and  the  leaders  were  arrested 
January  8;  ex-Queen  Lilioukalani  formally  renounced  her  right  to  the  throne  of  Hawaii;  on 
February  28  she  was  sentenced  by  the  Dole  Government  to  five  years'  imprisonment  for 
conspiring  against  the  Republic.  The  boundary  dispute  between  Brazil  and  the  Argentine 
Republic  was  settled  by  President  Cleveland,  in  favor  of  Brazil,  February  6.  On  February 
20  was  begun  the  Cuban  revolution,  by  simultaneous  risings  in  different  parts  of  the  island, 
and  from  which  developed  the  Spanish- American  war  and  Cuban  independence,  a  topic 
exhaustively  treated  elsewhere  on  these  pages.  In  April  the  British  expedition  to  Chitral 
gained  several  victories  over  the  natives.  On  April  28  the  British  naval  forces  took  posses- 
sion of  the  Nicaraguan  custom-house  at  Corinto;  the  forces  were  withdrawn  upon  the  agree- 
ment of  the  Nicaraguan  Government  to  pay  indemnity.  A  revolt  in  the  island  of  Formosa 
broke  out  and  a  so-called  republic  was  set  up  May  15;  the  British  Government  announced 
a  protectorate  for  Uganda,  Central  Africa,  June  13;  the  Chines*  massacred  English  mis- 
sionaries at  Whasang  August  1;  a  revolution  in  Ecuador  terminated  August  27  by  the 
triumph  of  Gen.  Elvy  Alfaro;  the  French  army,  under  General  Duchesne,  captured  Anta- 
nanarivo, Madagascar,  and  the  Queen  and  her  husband  fled,  September  27;  the  Queen  of 
Korea  was  murdered  in  her  palace  at  Seoul  October  1.  Less  warlike  incidents  than  the 
foregoing  abroad  were:  Casimir-Perier  resigned  the  Presidency  of  the  French  Republic 
January  15,  and  on  January  17  Felix  Faure  was  elected  to  succeed  him  by  the  National 
Assembly  at  Versailles.  Tlie  North  German  Lloyd  steamship  Elbe  was  sunk  by  collision  In 
the  English  Channel  and  more  than  300  lives  were  lost  January  30.  William  Court  Gully, 
the  Liberal  candidate,  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons  April  10.  The  opening 
of  the  Baltic  Canal  was  celebrated  by  the  Germans,  with  the  warships  of  all  maritime 
nations  as  guests,  June  19.  The  Rosebery  Liberal  ministry  in  England  resigned,  having 
been  defeated  in  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  war  estimates  by  a  vote  of  132  to  125  June 
22;  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury  accepted  the  British  Premiership  and  formed  a  Conservative 
.ministry  June  24;  the  British  Parliamentary  elections,  June  12-August  10,  resulted  in  the 
return  of  338  Conservatives,  177  Liberals,  73  LTnionists,  70  McCarthyites  and  12  Parnellites. 
On  August  16  Viscount  Wolseley  succeeded  the  Duke  of  Cambridge  as  Commander-in-Chief 
of  the  British  Army.  The  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the  entrance  of  Garibaldi  into  Rome 
was  celebrated  by  the  Italians  September  20,  and  a  statue  of  Garibaldi  was  unveiled  at 
Rome.  The  Peary  Arctic  relief  expedition  left  St.  Johns,  N.  F.,  on  its  return  home,  Septem- 
ber 21.  The  Ribot  ministry  in  France  resigned  October  28,  and  the  Bourgeois  ministry 
succeeded  November  1.  The  bronze  group,  "Washington  and  Lafayette,"  by  Bartholdi, 
presented  to  the  city  of  Paris  by  Joseph  Pulitzer,  wa„  unveiled  In  the  Rue  des  Etats  Unis 
with  appropriate  ceremonies  December  2. 

In  the  United  States  the  year  1895  was  comparatively  quiet.  President  Cleveland,  on 
January  28,  sent  a  message  to  Congress  on  the  financial  affairs  of  the  Government,  and 
asked  authority  to  issue  gold  bonds;  on  February  8  he  informed  Congress  of  arran^rements 
made  with  the  bankers'  syndicate  to  take  an  issue  of  $62,400,000  govern m^ent  bonds.  On 
May  20  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  by  a  vote  of  5  to  4,  declared  the  whole 
lucom*  Tax  law  nuU  and  vuid.     8acretary  Carlial?  «pok«  against  ths  t!rc«  coinage  of  illvor 


A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events.  69 


at  the  Sound  Money  Convention  at  Memphis  May  23.  A  monument  to  the  Confederate  dead 
was  dedicated  in  Oakwoods  Cemetery,  Chicago,  May  30.  The  Harlem  Ship  Canal,  New 
York  City,  was  opened  with  ceremonies  July  17.  The  Cotton  States  and  International  Expo- 
sition at  Atlanta  was  opened.  President  Cleveland  setting  the  machinery  in  motion  by  wire 
fi'om  Gray  Gables,  his  summer  home,  in  Massachusetts;  the  exposition  closed  December  31. 
The  National  Park,  on  the  site  of  the  Chickamauga  battle  ground,  Tennessee,  was  dedicated 
by  a  great  gathering  of  Union  and  Confederate  veterans  September  19.  At  Chicago,  on 
September  27,  was  organized  the  Irish  National  Convention,  to  free  Ireland  from  Great 
Britain  by  physical  force.  Major-General  Miles  assumed  command  of  the  United  States 
Army  October  5,  succeeding  Lieutenant-General  Schofield,  who  retired  because  of  having 
reached  the  age  limit,  - —  -   - ._     - 

>    1896 

The  year  1896  brought  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  another  lively  Presidential 
campaign.     The  Republican  National  Convention  at  St.   Louis,  June  18,  nominated  William 
McKinley,  of  Ohio,   for  President  on  the  first  ballot,  he  receiving  661 V^  votes  out  of  922, 
the  rest  being  given  to  Thomas  B.  Reed,  of  Maine;  Senator  Quay,  of  Penn.sylvania ;  Levi  P. 
Morton,  of  New  York,  and  Senator  Allison,  of  Iowa.     For  Vice-President,  Garret  A.  Hobart, 
of  New  Jersey,  was  nominated  on  the  first  ballot.     The  Democratic  National  Convention  at 
^Chicago,  July  10,  nominated  William  J.  Bryan,  of  Nebraska,  on  the  fifth  ballot,  his  leading 
opponents   being:      Bland,    Missouri;    Boies,    Iowa;    Pattison,    Pennsylvania,    and   Blackburn, 
Kentucky.     The  Vice-Presidential  nomination  went  on  the  fifth  ballot  to  Arthur  Sewall,  of 
Maine.     The   People's   Party  National   Convention   at   St.    Louis   indorsed   Bryan,    but   Gold 
Democrats,   under  the  title  of  the  National  Democracy,   met  at  Indianapolis,    September  3, 
3nd   nominated    Senator   John    M.    Palmer   for   President   and   Gen.    Simon    B.    Buckner,    of 
Kentucky,    for  Vice-President.     The  Bryanites  fought  hard  for  the  free   coinage   of  silver 
at  the  ratio  of  16  to   1,   while   the  Republicans   battled   for  the   maintenance   of   the   gold 
standard.     McKinley  won  a  signal  victory,  receiving  601,854  popular  votes  over  Bryan  and 
286,452  over  all.     McKinley's  electoral  vote  over  Bryan  was  95.     The  total  popular  vote  of 
1896  was  13,923,102.      The   final   year  of  President  Cleveland's  administration  was   marked 
by  his  announcement  of  the  members  of  the  Venezuelan  Boundary  Commission  January  1; 
a  call  by  Secretary  Carlisle,  January  6,  for  bids  for  $100,000,000  bonds  as  a  popular  loan; 
the  making  public  of  the  Venezuelan  Arbitration   correspondence  between   Secretary  Olney 
and  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury  July  17;  the  President's  proclamation  of  warning  to  Cuban 
filibusters  July  30;  the  reception  of  Li  Hung  Chang,  the  Chinese  statesman,   by  President 
Cleveland  August  29.     Abroad,  apart  from  the  stirring  revolution  in  Cuba,  a  notable  Incident 
was  the  raiding  of  the  Transvaal  Republic  by  the  British  under  Dr.  Jameson,  the  invaders 
being  defeated  in  battle  January  1,  upon  which  the  German  Emperor  congratulated  Presi- 
dent Kruger;  on  January  5  Cecil  Rhodes  resigned  the  Premiership  of  Cape  Colony;  on  April 
28  John  Hays  Hammond  and  other  Johannesburg  reformers  were  convicted  of  high  treason 
In  the  Transvaal  Republic  and  sentenced  to  death,  but  they  were  subsequently  banished. 

In  other  nations,  noteworthy  happenings  of  1896  were:  The  formal  annexation  of  Mada- 
gascar by  France  was  announced  January  23;  ex-Queen  Liliuokalanl,  of  Hawaii,  was  par- 
doned by  the  Government  February  5;  Ballington  Booth,  who  was  displaced  from  the 
command  of  the  American  Salvation  Army,  declared  his  independence  February  24;  mobs 
assailed  the  United  States  Consulate  at  Barcelona,  Spain,  March  2;  on  the  same  day  the 
Italian  army  was  disastrously  defeated  by  the  King  of  Abyssinia;  the  Bourgeois  ministry 
in  Paris  resigned  April  23  and  was  succeeded'^by  the  Meline  ministry  April  28;  the  Persian 
Shah,  Nasir-edrDin,  was  assassinated  at  Teheran  May  1;  on  the  same  date  the  new  Canadian 
ministry,  under  Sir  Charles  Tupper,  assumed  office;  on  May  26  the  Emperor  and  Empress  of 
Russia  were  crowned  at  Moscow;  on  May  29  2,000  people  were  killed  at  Moscow  during 
coronation  festivities  by  a  disaster;  the  Cape  Colony  steamship  Drummond  Castle  was 
wrecked  on  the  French  coast,  with  a  loss  of  250  lives,  June  16;  England  gave  a  warm  wel- 
come to  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company  of  Boston  July  8;  Porfirio  Diaz,  of 
Mexico,  was  re-elected  President  of  Mexico  without  opposition  July  13;  an  attempt  was 
made  to  assassinate  President  Faure,  of  France,  in  Paris  July  14;  the  trial  of  Dr.  Jameson 
and  his  fellow  raiders  in  the  Transvaal  was  begun  in  London  July  20;  they  were  convicted 


70  A    Quartet'- Century  llecord  of  Events. 

July  28  and  sentenced  to  \arious  terms  of  imprisonment;  a  commercial  treaty  between  China 
and  Japan  was  signed  July  21;  on  the  same  date  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
death  of  Robert  Burns  was  celebrated  at  Dumfries,  Scotland,  where  he  is  buried;  Rev. 
Sebastian  MartinelU  was  appointed  Papal  Delegate  in  the  United  States  by  the  Pope  July  30; 
Xansen,  Arctic  explorer,  arrived  at  Vordoe,  Norwaj',  on  return,  August  13;  the  German 
Emperor's  yacht  Meteor  collided  with  the  yacht  Isolde  at  the  South  Sea  regatta,  England, 
and  the  owner  of  the  Isolde  was  killed  August  18;  the  rebellious  Matabeles  In  South  Africa 
submitted  to  the  British  August  22;  the  British  fleet  bombarded  Zanzibar  and  deposed  the 
usurping  Sultan  August  27;  P.  J.  P.  Tynan,  the  Fenian  agitator,  known  as  "No.  1."  was 
arrested  at  Boulogne  September  12;  Dongola,  in  the  Soudan,  was  captured  by  the  Anglo- 
Egyptian  expedition  September  19;  the  Russian  Emperor  and  Empress  visited  Scotland  and 
France  in  September  and  October;  the  Peary  expedition  arrived  at  Sydney,  C.  B.,  from 
Greenland  September  26;  the  Elarl  of  Rosebery  resigned  the  leadership  of  the  Liberal  party 
October  7.  In  the  United  States  the  Confedeiate  States'  Museum  at  Richmond,  Va.,  was 
dedicated  February  22;  receivers  for  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  were  appointed  Feb- 
rviary  29;  Earl  Dunraven  was  expelled  from  the  New  York  Yacht  Club  February  27,  after 
the  club's  investigating  committee  had  declared  unfounded  his  charges  of  unfairness  against 
the  owners  of  the  yacht  Defender;  the  International  Arbitration  Congress  met  at  Washington 
April  22;  the  centenary  of  the  settlement  of  Cleveland,  O.,  was  celebrated  July  22;  a  hurri- 
cane across  Florida  destroyed  many  lives  and  much  property  October  22. 

1897 

While  the  Spanish-American  war  cloud  was  beginning  to  cast  its  shadow  over  the 
United  States  in  1897,  and  American  sympathy  with  Cuba  was  becoming  daily  more  apparent, 
other  events  attracted  a  full  share  of  public  interest.  Congress  counted  the  electoral  vote 
on  February  10,  formally  choosing  McKinley  and  Hobart  President  and  Vice-President, 
respectively,  and  they  were  inaugurated  March  4.  Previous  to  that,  a  treaty  of  arbitration 
between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  was  signed  at  Washington  by  Secretary  Olney 
and  Ambassador  Pauncefote  January  11;  the  National  Monetary  Conference  met  at  Indian- 
apolis January  12;  the  bill  to  regulate  immigration  was  passed  by  the  United  States  House 
of  Representatives,  217  to  37,  on  February  '.),  but  was  vetoed  by  President  Cleveland.  The 
new  Corcoran  Art  Gallery  at  Washington.  D.  C,  was  opened  to  the  public  February  22; 
Mayor  Strong  vetoed  the  Greater  New  York  Charter  bill  April  9;  notwithstanding  this  veto, 
it  passed  the  New  York  State  Senate  April  13.  by  a  vote  of  34  to  10,  the  Assembly  having 
previously  passed  it.  106  to  32.  Memorial  services  at  the  dedication  of  the  new  tomb  of 
General  Grant,  New  York,  were  accompanied  by  a  great  military  and  naval  display  April  27. 
The  Tennessee  Centennial  Exposition  was  formally  opened  Maj'  1.  The  Congress  of  the 
Universal  Postal  Union  opened  at  Washington.  D.  C,  May  2.  Fire  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa., 
destroyed  $3,000,000  worth  of  property  May  3.  The  United  States  Senate  rejected  the  treaty 
of  arbitration  with  Great  Britain  May  5.  The  bi-centennial  jubilee  of  Trinity  Church,  New 
York,  was  celebrated  May  6.  The  United  States  Supreme  Court  decided  the  Berliner  patent 
case  in  favor  of  the  Bell  Telephone  Company  May  10.  The  Washington  statuary  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Society  of  the  Cincinnati  was  unveiled  by  the  President  amid  extensive  cere- 
monies May  15.  A  chess  match  was  played  by  telegraph  between  members  of  the  United 
States  House  of  Representatives  and  British  House  of  Commons  May  31.  The  International 
Commercial  Conference  at  Philadelphia  was  opened  by  President  McKinley  June  2.  The 
Venezuela  boundary  treaty  between  Great  Britain  and  Venezuela  was  ratified  at  Wash- 
ington June  14.  President  McKinley  signed  the  new  tariff  act  July  24.  Wheat  touched  the 
dollar  mark  at  the  Produce  Exchange,  New  York,  and  went  above,  August  20.  A  treaty  of 
annexation  to  the  United  States  was  unanimously  ratified  by  the  Hawaiian  Senate  Sep- 
tember 14.  Secretary  of  State  Sherman  and  Lord  Salisbm-y,  British  Foreign  Minister,  held 
correspondence  over  the  Behring  Sea  seal  question  October  4-12.  The  Yerkes  telescope  was 
formally  dedicated  to  science  at  Lake  Geneva,  Wis.,  October  21.  A  treaty  to  protect  the 
seals  in  Behring  Sea  was  signed  at  Washington  by  representatives  of  the  United  States, 
Russia  and  Japan.  President  McKinley  signed  the  treaty  adopted  by  the  T'niversal  Postal 
Congress  November  IG.  Yellow  fever  returns  to  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Marine  Hospital 
Service 'at  Wa.shington  showed   that   since   th«   .-pidemir  broke   out   on   the  Mississippi   coast 


A   Quarter- Cent^iry  Record  of  Events.  71 

there  were  4,286   cases   of  fever,    of  which   446  were  fatal.      Of  these  cases   1,837   were  in 
New  Orleans,  where  14 1^  per  cent,  of  the  cases  died.  ^ 

Important  affairs  abroad  in  1807,  apart  from  those  connected  with  the  Cuban  revolution, 
were:  A  British  trading  expedition  was  murdered  by  the  King  of  Benin,  Central  Africa 
January  6.  Count  Muravieff  was  appointed  Russian  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  January  10. 
A  Greek  squadron  arrived  at  Canea,  Crete,  and  the  union  of  Greece  and  Crete  was  pro- 
claimed at  Halepa  February  8;  on  February  21  the  insurgents  at  Canea,  Crete,  weie  bom- 
barded by  the  fleet  of  the  Powers;  the  next  day  Fort  Voukouleis,  in  Crete,  was  capture<l 
from  the  Turks  by  Greek  troops;  the  Powers  ordered  Greece  to  withdraw  from  Crete  Feb- 
ruary 23,  and  on  March  21  the  blockade  of  Crete  by  the  Powers'  fleets  bega«;  the  Turks 
and  Christians  fought  near  Malaxa,  Crete,  on  March  25;  Turkey  declared  war  against  Greece 
April  17,  and  on  the  following  day  the  Greek  Legislative  Assembly  declared  its  acceptance 
of  such  war;  the  Turks  captured  Domokos,  in  Thessaly,  after  a  sanguinary  battle  in 
Milouna  Pass,  April  24;  the  Delyannis  ministry  in  Greece  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by 
the  Ralli  ministry  April  29;  the  Turks  occupied  Pharsalos,  after  a  battle,  May  6;  Volo  was 
occupied  by  the  Turkish  army  May  8;  the  representatives  of  the  Powers  intervened  in  the 
war  May  11,  and  Greece  accepted  their  terms  and  ordered  the  withdrawal  of  her  forces 
from  Crete;  Turkey  agreed  to  an  armistice  with  Greece  May  18,  and  a  treaty  of  peace 
between  the  two  warring  nations  was  finally  signed  at  Constantinople  September  18.  Japan 
adopted  a  gold  standard  March  1.  Queen  Ranavalona  III.,  of  Madagascar,  was  exiled  by 
the  French  conquerers  of  the  island  March  7.  Emperor  William  unveiled  a  statue  of  his 
grandfather  on  the  centenary  of  the  latter  at  Berlin  March  22.  The  massacre  of  700  Arme- 
nians at  TaJcat,  in  Anatolia,  was  reported  March  25.  The  Congress  in  Venezuela  ratified 
the  boundary  arbitration  treaty  with  Great  Britain  April  5.  Peru  suspended  the  coinage 
of  silver  April  9.  An  attempt  was  made  to  assassinate  King  Humbert  of  Italy  at  Rome 
April  22.  The  log  of  the  Mayflower  was  transferred  from  British  possession  to  the  American 
Ambassador  at  London  May  9.  The  plague  ravaged  Bombay.  India,  in  May  and  June.  By 
the  burning  of  a  charity  bazaar  in  Rue  Jean  Goujon,  Paris,  some  180  persons,  mostly  of  the 
French  aristocracy,  lost  their  lives  May  4.  The  French  line  steamship  Ville  de  St.  Nazaire 
foundered  at  sea  off  Cape  Hatteras,  with  a  loss  of  many  lives,  May  7.  The  Brussels  Expo- 
sition was  opened  May  10.  A  memorial  bust  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  was  unveiled  In  Westmin- 
ster Abbey  May  21.  Cambridge  University  refused  to  confer  degrees  on  women  by  a  vote 
of  1,713  to  662  May  30.  A  bomb  was  exploded  near  the  carriage  of  President  Faure,  in 
France,  June  13.  Queen  Victoria  began  the  celebration  of  her  jubilee,  which  was  observed 
throughout  the  British  Empire;  services  were  held  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  and  there  was  a 
great  naval  review  near  Portsmouth  in  honor  of  the  occasion.  The  Pan-Anglican  Conference 
of  the  Church  of  Eng'land  and  Episcopal  Bishops  began  at  Lambeth,  England,  forty-five 
American  Bishops  being  in  attendance,  June  30.  Herr  Andree,  with  two  companions, 
started  in  a  balloon  from  the  Island  of  Fromsoe  for  the  discovery  of  the  North  Pole  July  11. 
Great  Britain  cancelled  Its  commercial  treaty  with  the  German  Zollverein  July  3ft.  A  tidal 
wave  destroyed  many  towns  and  thousands  of  lives  on  the  coast  of  Japan  August  5  and  6. 
Senor  Canovas,  Prime  Minister  of  Spain,  was  assassinated  by  an  anarchist  August  8.  Tlie 
Emperor  and  Empress  of  Germany  visited  Russia  as  the  guests  of  the  nation  August  8-11. 
The  Anglo-Egyptian  army  captured  Abu-Hamid  on  the  Nile  August  9.  The  surrender  of 
the  King  of  Benin,  Central  Africa,  to  the  British  was  announced  August  11.  Prince  Henry 
of  Orleans  and  the  Count  of  Turin  fought  a  duel  with  swords  near  Paris,  both  being 
wounded,  August  15.  President  Faure,  of  France,  visited  St.  Petersburg  and  was  enter- 
tained with  enthusiasm  August  23-27.  President  Borda,  of  Uruguay,  was  assassinated  at 
Montevideo  August  25;  on  the  same  day  it  was  reported  that  a  treaty  offensive  and  defen- 
sive between  Russia  and  France  was  signed  at  St.  Petersburg.  An  attempt  was  made  to 
kill  President  Diaz,  of  Mexico,  September  15,  and  the  assailant  was  hacked  to  pieces  by  a 
mob.  There  was  severe  fighting  on  the  border  of  Afghanistan  between  the  British  and 
tribesmen  September  10-20.  A  hurricane  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean  destroyed  many  thou- 
sand lives  October  12.  The  British  troops  stormed  Dargai  Ridge,  or  the  Samana  range, 
northern  frontier  of  India,  driving  out  the  tribesmen;  the  Gordon  Highlanders  suffering 
severely,  October  20.  An  attempt  was  made  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  assassinate  President 
Moraes  November  0.  General  Westmacott's  column  in  the  Maidan  valley,  northern  frontier 
of  India,  met  with  a  se^-ere  reverse  November  10.  A  German  naval  expedition  occupied 
Kiao-chow,  China,  in  i-etaliation  for  the  massacre  of  German  missionaries,   November  15-10. 


72  A   Quarter- Century  Mecord  of  Events. 

A  great  fire  in  tl^e  Cripplegate  quarter  of  London,  destroyed  $10,000,000  worth  of  property 
November  19.  The  Austrian  ministry  resigned,  after  disorders  in  the  Reichsrath,  Novem- 
ber 28. 

1898 

The  entire  civilized  world  watched,  in  1898,  the  Spanish- American  war  (see  special  article 
on    the    following   page),    and    drew    lessons    from    its    incidental    developments    and    conse- 
quences.    Especially  were  the  war  and  navy  departments  of  the  universe  keenly  interested 
in  the  metnods  and  results  of  the  battles  on  land  and  sea,  while  the  question  of  American 
expansion  and  other  future  policies  entered  largely   into  the  brief  struggle  which  resulted 
so  disastrously  to   Spain.     Other  events  of   international   interest  and  of  a  warlike  nature 
Were:      Gen.    Joaquin    Crespo,    ex-President    of    Venezuela,    was    killed    in    battle    with    the 
insurgents  April  18;  the  Venezuelan  revolution  was  ended  by  the  capture  of  General  Her- 
nandez  June    12;    Fashoda,    on   the   "White   Nile,    was    occupied   by   Major    Marchand   and    a 
French  force  September  1;   Sir  Herbert  Kitchener,   commanding  the  British  and   Egyptian 
army  in  the  Soudan,  won  a  great  victory  over  the  Dervishers  at  Omdurman,  near  Khartoum, 
which  he  occupied,  September  2;  a  Mohammedan  outbreak  in  Crete  was  followed  by  a  mas- 
sacre of  Christians  and  a  bombardpnent  of  Candia  by  the  Powers  September  6;  there  were 
strained  relations   in   Crete  between   the   Turks  and   the   warships   of  the   Powers   September 
9-14;    General    Kitchener   took  possession   of   Fashoda   and   raised   the   British   flag   over   it, 
despite  the  presence  of  the  French  occupants,    September  20;    diplomatic  relations   between 
Italy    and    Colombia   were    severed    September    22;    Chile    and    Argentina    agreed    to    submit 
their  boundary  dispute  to  arbitration,   thus  averting  war,   September  23;   Turkey  consented 
to  the  evacuation  of  Crete  by  its  troops  October  11;   France   agreed  to   withdraw  from  its 
pretensions    at    Fashoda,    in    the    Soudan,    November    2.      Noteworthy    general    happenings 
during  the  year  abroad  were:    Germany  demanded  indemnity  from  China  for  the  killing  of 
German  missionaries  February  1;   the  trial   of  Zola  by  the  French  Government  was  begun 
at  Paris  February  7;  he  was  found  guilty  of  libelling   the   Esterhazy   court-martial,   Feb- 
ruary 23,  and  sentenced  to  one  year's  imprisonment  and  3,000  francs  fine;   President  Bar- 
rios,   of   Guatemala,    was   assassinated    February    S;    an    attempt   was    made    to    assassinate 
the    King   of   Greece   February   26;    Senor   Campos    Salles    was   elected    President    of   Brazil 
March  2;  China  leased  Port  Arthur  to  Russia  for  ninety-nine  years  March  7;  the  Spurgeon 
Tabernacle  in  London  was  destroyed  by  fire  April  20;  bread  riots  in  Italian  cities  caused 
loss  of  life,  the  troops  firing  on  the  mobs.  May  2-3;  China  paid  the  remainder  of  the  war 
indemnity  to  Japan  May  7;  rioting  in  the  streets  of  Milan  were   suppressed  by  the  army 
with  gn"eat  loss  of  life  May  8;  Great  Britain  took  possession  of  Wei-Hai-Wei,   China,   May 
24;   the  public   funeral   of  William   E.    Gladstone   was   held   in   Westminster   Abbey   May  28; 
a  new  ministry  was  formed  in  Italy  by  Marquis  Rudini   May  31;  the  constitution  of  fed- 
erated Australia  was  defeated  in  New  South  Wales  June  5;   the  Anglo-French  convention 
relative  to  the  Niger  boundary  was   signed  June   13;   the  Norwegian  Arctic  expedition,   on 
the    Fram,    sailed    from    Christiana    June    24;    the    Japanese    Cabinet,    under    Premier    Ito, 
resigned   June   27;    the   French   steamer   La   Bourgogne   collided   with   the   British   ship   Cro- 
martyshire and  was  sunk  sixty  miles  south  of  Sable  Island;  560  lives  were  lost,   including 
those  of  the   captain  and   most   of  the  officers,    July  4;    the   Anglo-American   League   was  ' 
organized  in  London  July  13;  Zola  was  convicted  a  second  time  of  libel  in  Paris  July  18; 
the  appointment   of  George   Nathaniel   Curzon   as   Viceroy   of   India  by   the   British   Govern- 
ment was  announced  August  10;   great  fires  at  Nizhnee-Novgorod,    in   Russia,   caused  loss 
of  many  lives  August  17;  the  United  States  and  Canadian  Joint  High  Commission  met  at 
Quebec  August  23;   the  Czar  of  Russia  announced  proposals  for  a  universal   peace  confer- 
ence August  27;    Colonel  Henry,    of  the   French  army,    committed   suicide  after  confessing 
that   he   forged   a   letter    to    secure    the   conviction    of   Captain    Dreyfus    August    31;    Mme. 
Dreyfus  appealed  to  the  French  Government  for  a  revision  of  the  court-martial  proceedings 
in  her  husband's  case  September  4;  Queen  Wilhelmina  of  the  Netherlands  became  reigning 
monarch  September  5;  the  Empress  of  Austria  was  assassinated  by  an  anarchist  at  Geneva 
September   10;   a   hurricane   in   the   British   West   Indies   destroyed   much   property   and    500 
lives  September  11;   a  balloon  ascended  from  London,   attaining  an  altitude  of  27.500  feet. 
September  15;  the  French  Ministry  of  War  ordered  the  prosecution  of  Colonel  Picquart,  In 
connection   with    the  Dreyfus    case,    September   21;    the   Emperor   of   China   made  a   forced 


A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events.  73 

abdication  in  favor  of  the  Dowager  Empress  September  22;  the  alleged  remains  of  Christo- 
pher Columbus  were  exhumed  in  Havana,  preparatory  to  shipment  to  Spain,  September  26; 
the  German  Emperor  and  Empress  left  Berlin  to  visit  Palestine  October  12;  they  received 
a  flattering  reception  at  Constantinople  by  the  Sultan,  October  23,  and  entered  Jerusalem 
October  29;  the  French  Court  of  Cassation  decided  to  grant  a  new  trial  in  the  Dreyfus 
case  October  29;  a  new  French  ministry  under  M.  Dupuy  was  installed  October  31;  the 
Earl  of  Minto  took  the  oath  of  office  as  Governor- General  of  Canada  November  12;  Sir 
William  Vernon  Harcourt  resigned  the  leadership  of  the  Liberal  party  in  England  Decem- 
ber 13. 

Interesting  events  in  the  United  States  were:  The  monetary  convention  met  at  Indian- 
apolis January  25;  President  Dole,  of  Hawaii,  arrived  in  Washington  as  the  guest  of  the 
United  States  January  26;  silver  was  beaten  in  the  House  of  Representatives  by  a  vote  of 
182  to  132  January  31;  an  earthquake  in  California  did  serious  damage  March  31;  avalanches 
in  the  Chilkoot  Pass,  Alaska,  killed  more  than  150  persons,  mostly  gold  seekers,  April  3; 
the  levee  at  Shawneetown,  111.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  broke,  and  many  lives  were  lost  by 
drowning,  April  3;  a  commercial  treaty  with  France  was  signed  at  Washington  May  30; 
the  Trans-Mississippi  and  International  Exposition  opened  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  June  1;  a 
joint  resolution  for  the  annexation  of  Hawaii  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  June  15, 
and  the  Senate  June  17;  Senator  Quay,  of  Pennsylvania,  was  held  for  trial  on  the  charge 
of  misusing  public  funds  October  12;  an  explosion  by  gas  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington 
wrecked  the  Supreme  Cotfrt  room  and  library  November  7;  general  elections  throughout  the 
United  States  secured  a  small  Republican  majority  in  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
next  Congress  November  8;  the  steamer  Portland,  bound  from  Boston  to  Portland,  Me., 
foundered  in  a  gale  off  Cape  Cod,  with  a  loss  of  118  lives,  November  29;  President  McKin- 
ley  and  his  Cabinet  attended  the  Peace  Jubilee  at  Atlanta,  and  visited  Montgomery,  Savan- 
nah and  other  Southern  cities,  receiving  great  ovations,  December  13-19. 

THE    SPANISH-AMERICAN   WAR. 

Although  the  overstrained  temper  of  the  American  people  precipitated  the  Spanish- 
American  war,  immediately  after  the  destruction  of  the  battleship  Maine  in  Havana  harbor 
on  February  15,  1898,  a  long  series  of  persecutions  of  Cuba  by  Spain  had  aroused  the  sym- 
pathies of  American  humanitarians,  while  years  of  disorder  in  the  island  made  business  men 
of  the  United  States  also  insistent  upon  a  speedy  restoration  of  tranquillity.  The  wanton 
nassaore  of  the  Virginius  prisoners  during  Cuba's  ten-years'  war  was  never  forgotten  by 
Americans,  and  Spain's  haughty  attitude  did  not  tend  to  strengthen  the  bonds  between 
Washington  and  Madrid,  In  February,  1895,  a  new  insurrection  began  in  Cuba,  and  the 
Spanish  Government  was  warned  that  prompt  and  effective  measures  to  suppress  the  trouble 
must  be  taken.  Spain  sent  great  numbers  of  soldiers  to  Cuba,  recalled  General  Campos 
for  alleged  lack  of  activity  and  supplanted  him  by  General  Weyler,  who  soon  won  the 
sobriquet  of  "Butcher"  by  his  bloody  methods.  To  fire,  rifle  and  sword  he  added  the 
weapons  of  ^starvation  and  disease  by  driving  norf-combatants  into  reconcentrado  camps, 
where  he  deprived  them  of  food  and  other  necessities.  This  was  the  state  of  affairs  In 
Cuba  in  February,  1896,  when  the  United  States  Congress  entered  into  investigation  and 
debate  which  resulted,  April  6,  in  the  passing  of  a  resolution  recognizing  war  between 
Spain  and  the  Cuban  insurgents,  offering  the  friendly  offices  of  the  United  States  to  Spain, 
and  declaring  that  the  United  States  should  maintain  a  strict  neutrality.  General  Weyler, 
who  had  boasted  when  he  assumed  command  that  he  would  end  the.  insurrection  in  a  few 
months,  accomplished  little  beyond  increasing  the  sufferings  of  the  Cubans,  and  his  brutal- 
ities led  to  vigorous  remonstrances  by  the  United  States  Government  to  the  Spanish  ministry. 
Weyler  was  thereupon  recalled,  being  succeeded  by  General  Blanco;  the  policy  toward  the 
reconcentrados  was  modified,  and  the  semblance  of  an  autonomous  government  for  Cuba 
was  instituted.  When  1898  came  matters  were  worse  instead  of  better  in  the  island,  and 
the  American  press  and  public  clamored  for  immediate  improvement.  The  Spanish  popula- 
tion In  Havana  resented  this,  and  there  were  ugly  demonstrations  against  the  Americans, 
even  the  life  of  Consul-General  Lee  being  threatened.  The  North  Atlantic  squadron  had 
assembled  in  the  neighborhood  of  Dry  Tortugas,  Gulf  of  Mexico,  during  the  first  two  weeks 
of  the  year,  and  on  January  25  the  battleship  Maine  arrived  at  Havana  on  a  friendly  visit 
and  to  preserve  cordial  relations  between  Spain  and  the  United  States.   Spain  at  once  informed 


74  A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events. 

the  United  States  that  the  Spanish  battleship  Vizcaya  would  pay  a  sim-ilar  visit  to  New 
York  harbor.  Tension  was  Increased  on  February  8  when  publication  was  mady  of  a  letter 
written  bj'  Senor  de  Lome,  Spanish  Minister  to  the  United  States,  to  a  friend,  in  which  he 
gn*oss]y  reflected  upon  President  McKinlej\  De  Lome  then  resigned.  On  February  9  the 
United  States  Senate  discussed  intervention  in  Cuba.  On  February  14  resolutions  i-equestlng 
the  President  to  transmit  information  relative  to  the  situation  in  Cuba  were  adopted  by 
Congress.  On  February  14  Senor  Luis  Polo  y  Bernabe  was  appointed  Spanish  Minister  to  the 
United  .States  to  succeed  Senor  de  Lome.  On  February  15  occurred  the  blowing  up  of  the 
battleship  Maine  in  Havana  harbor  by  a  floating  mine,  2G0  American  lives  being  destroyed. 

The  United  States  was  frenzied  by  this  incident,  few  Americans  believing  that  the  Span- 
iards were  not  responsible.  Captain  Sigsbee,  of  the  Maine,  asked  for  a  suspension  of  judg- 
ment pending  an  official  investigation,  while  Spain  promptly  disclaimed  any  responsibility 
and  expressed  regret.  A  Court  of  Inquiry  was  at  once  appointed.  It  consisted  of  Capt. 
W.  T.  Sampson,  of  the  Iowa;  Capt.  F.  E.  Chadwick,  of  the  New  York;  Lieut. -Commander 
W.  P.  Porter,  of  the  New  York,  and  Lieut. -Commander  Adolph  Marix,  of  the  Vermont.  The 
court  sat  for  a  month  at  Key  West  and  Havana,  and  the  American  people,  with  surprising 
patience,  awaited  its  verdict.  Many  witnesses  were  examined,  divei's  were  employed  on 
the  sunken  vessel,  and  voluminous  testimony  was  taken. 

On  March  21  the  court  unanimously  agreed:  "That  the  loss  of  the  Maine  was  not  In 
any  respect  due  to  fault  or  negligence  on  the  part  of  any  of  the  officers  or  members  of  her 
crew;  that  the  ship  was  destroyed  by  the  explosion  of  a  submarine  mine,  which  caused  the 
partial  explosion  of  tv/o  or  more  of  her  forward  magazines,  and  that  no  evidence  has  been 
obtainable  fixing  the  responsibility  for  the  destruction  of  the  Maine  upon  any  person  or 
persons." 

While  the  high  Spanish  authorities  were  thus  exonerated  from  any  complicity  In  the 
affair,  and  no  disposition  was  shown  in  the  United  States  to  impute  guilt  to  Marshal 
Blanco,  the  finding  that  the  Maine  had  been  blown  up  by  external  means  further  Intensified 
American  feeling.  In  the  meantime,  on  Rlarch  7,  a  bill  appropriating  $50,000,000  for  the 
national  defence  was  introduced  in  the  House  of  Representatives.  It  passed  the  House 
March  S,  and  the  Senate  March  9,  and  was  signed  by  the  President,  the  vote  in  Congress 
having  been  unanimous.  The  mobilization  of  the  army  was  ordered,  and  active  preparations 
were  begun  for  the  war  which  then  seemed  inevitable.  On  April  3  Consul  Hyatt  left  San- 
tiago. On  April  10  Consul-General  Lee  left  Havana,  after  seeing  American  refugees  debark. 
On  April  11  General  Lee  landed  in  Key  West,  and  President  McKinley  sent  to  Congress  a 
message  describing  the  intolerable  conditions  existing  in  Cuba;  advising  against  the  recogni- 
tion of  the  insurgents,  to  avoid  international  complications,  and  asking  Congni-ess  to  take 
action. 

THE    WAR    BEGUN. 

On  April  13,  by  a  vote  of  311  yeas  to  6  nays,  thirty-eight  members  not  voting  in  the 
House,  and  in  the  Senate,  by  a  vote  of  42  yeas  to  35  nays,  twelve  not  voting,  a  joint  reso- 
lution was  passed  recognizing  the  right  of  Cuba  to  be  free;  demanding  the  immediate  with- 
drawal of  Spanish  land  and  naval  forces  from  Cuba  and  Cuban  waters;  directing  the 
I*resident  of  the  United  States  to  use  the  entire  land  and  naval  forces  and  the  militia  of  the 
United  States  to  enforce  the  resolution,  and  disclaiming  any  intention  to  exercise  sovereignty, 
jurisdiction  or  control  over  Cuba,  except  for  the  pacification  thereof.  The  President  signed 
this  resolution  at  11.24  o'clock  A.  M.,  on  April  flO.  When  a  copy  was  served  on  the  Spanish 
Minister  he  immediately  aske<l  for  his  passports  and  left  Washington.  The  resolution  was 
also  cabled  to  the  United  States  Minister  at  Madrid,  instructing  him  to  inform  the  Spanish 
Government,  and  giving  Spain  until  April  23  to  reply.  Before  Minister  Woodford  could 
comply  he  received,  at  7  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  April  21,  his  passports  from  the  Spanish 
Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs,  and  this  act  constituted  the  actual  beginning  of  war.  On  the 
day  previous  to  this  the  Queen  Regent  of  Spain  appeared  with  the  boy  King  before  the 
Cortes  and  pleaded  for  support  of  the  throne. 

On  April  24  the  Cortes  formally  recognized  the  existence  of  war,  and  April  25  Congress, 
without  a  division,  declared  that  war  had  existed  since  the  21st  day  of  April,  inclusive. 

The  President  had  proclaimed  the  blockade  of  Cuba  April  21,  and  ordered  Admiral 
Sampson's  squadron  to  enforce  it.  On  April  23  a  call  was  issued  by  the  President  for  125.000 
volunteers,  the  regular  army  was  concentrated  at  Tampa,  Fla.,  and  a  great  camp  for  vol- 
xinteers    was   laid   out   at   Chickamauga. 

Great  Britain  issued  a  proclamation  of  neutrality  April  26.  and  the  other  Powers,  except 


A   Quarter- Cottier y  Record  of  J^vents.  76 


Germany,  did  the  same.  The  President,  by  proclamation,  reaffirmed  the  intention  of  the 
United  States  to  adhere  to  the  declaration  of  Paris,  defining  the  position  of  the  United 
States  in  regard  to  privateering,  blockades,  and  Spanish  and  neutral  merchant  vessels  with 
their  cargoes.  Commodore  Dewey's  fleet  sailed  from  Hong  Kong  for  the  Philippines  April 
25;  Congress  passed  an  act  for  the  increase  of  the  regular  army  April  2G;  the  batteries  at 
Matanzas,  Cuba,  were  bombarded  April  27;  Admiral  Cervera's  fleet  left  the  Cape  Verde 
Islands  for  the  West  Indies  April  30. 

DEWEY'S  VICTORY  AT  MANILA  BAY. 

On  Sunday  evening.  May  1,  at  sunrise,  the  first  great  battle  of  the  war  was  fought  In 
Manila  Bay  and  indicated  to  the  world  that  the  conflict  between  Spain  and  the  United 
States  would  be  of  short  duration.  Acting  Admiral  Dewey,  engaging  the  fleet  of  Spanish 
war  vessels  commanded  by  Admiral  Montojo,  in  a  few  hours  entirely  destroyed  the  fleet. 
The  Spanish  loss  was  412  officers  and  men  killed,  while  on  the  American  side  none  wai 
killed  and  only  seven  men  were  wounded.  This  victory  aroused  the  wildest  enthusiasm  in 
the  United  States,  where  Dewey  became  the  hero  of  the  hour,  and  was  correspondingly 
depressing  to  Spain.     Ten  days  later  Dewey  was  made  a  Rear- Admiral. 

On  May  11  an  attack  was  made  on  Cienfuegos  and  Cardenas,  Cuba,  and  Ensign  Bagley 
and  four  men  on  the  torpedo-boat  Winslow  were  killed;  on  May  11  Admiral  Cervera's  fleet 
appeared  off  Mai-tinique;  on  May  12  Admiral  Sampson  bombarded  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico, 
with  but  slight  effect;  on  May  13  the  Flying  Squadron  left  Hampton  Roads  for  Eastern 
Cuba  via  Key  West;  a  new  Spanish  ministry  under  Senor  Sagasta  came  into  office  May  18; 
Admiral  Cervera's  fleet  arrived  in  the  harbor  of  Santiago  de  Cuba  May  19;  the  cruiser 
Charleston  sailed  from  San  Francisco  for  Manila  May  22;  the  battleship  Oregon  reached 
Jupiter  Inlet,  Florida,  May  24;  the  President  issued  a  second  call  for  volunteers,  the  number 
being  75,000,  May  25;  the  first  Manila  expedition  from  San  Francisco  May  25;  Admiral 
Sampson's  fleet  arrived  at  Santiago  from  Porto  Rico  May  30.  On  the  following  day  the 
forts  at  the  entrance  of  Santiago  harbor  were  bombarded  by  the  fleets  of  Sampson  and 
Schley,  Cervera  being  "bottled  up"  in  the  harbor.  No  damage  was  done  to  either  the  city 
or  the  Spanish  vessels,  and.  as  the  American  fleet  could  not  enter  the  harbor  because  of 
mines,  it  was  decided  to  wait  until  a  land  force  could  co-operate  to  drive  Cervera  out  or 
until  he  should  attempt  to  escape. 

Three  days  later  than  this  occurred  the  daring  episode  of  the  sinking  of  the  collier 
Merrimac  at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  by  a  body  of  seven  picked  men  under  Xaval  Con- 
structor Richard  P.  Hobson,  with  the  intention  of  blocking  the  harbor  entrance.  Under  the 
Spanish  guns  at  the  entrance  to  the  forts,  and  in  sight  of  the  American  fleet,  the  Merrimac 
was  driven  at  full  speed  and  sunk  by  a  hole  being  blown  in  her  side,  Hobson  and  his  com- 
panions trying  to  escape  under  fire,  but  being  captured  by  the  Spaniards.  Despite  the 
bravery  of  the  act.  however,  the  result  of  making  a  barrier  was  not  obtained. 

WTien  Shafter's  army  arrived  and  begun  an  attack  on  the  outer  works  of  the  city.  Cer- 
vera found  himself  in  the  extremity  of  remaining  in  the  harbor  and  being  captured  by  the 
troops  or  making  a  dash  for  the  open  sea.  He  chose  the  latter  alternative,  and  on  Sunday 
morning,  July  3^  at  9.30  o'clock,  he  pushed  his  vessels  out  in  single  column.  They  were 
the  Vlscaya  and  Oquendo,  powerful  armored  cruisers;  the  Cristobal  Colon  and  Maria  Theresa, 
and  two  torpedo-boat  destroyers.  The  waiting  American  ships  gave  chase,  and  in  two 
hours  had  wiped  the  Spanish  fleet  out  of  existence,  with  a  Spanish  loss  of  600  killed  and 
drowned  and  2,000  captured,  including  Admiral  Cervera.  Again  the  United  States  rejoiced, 
and  the  names  of  Sampson,  Schley.  Hobson  and  others  who  shared  the  naval  victory  were 
written  with  those  of  Manila  Bay  fame  on  the  roll  of  honor. 

THE  FALL  OF  SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA. 
The  army's  turn  came  next.  Santiago  de  Cuba,  strongly  entrenched,  was  the  objective 
point.  As  soon  as  Cervera  had  been  safely  locked  in  the  harbor,  orders  were  given  to  Gen- 
eral Shafter  to  take  his  entire  corps,  the  Fifth,  on  transports  to  Santiago.  Because  of  lack 
of  sufficient  means  for  transportation  only  815  officers  and  16,072  men  went  from  Tampa. 
On  June  20  the  convoy  reached  Guantanamo  Bay,  where  for  two  weeks  a  small  force  of 
marines  had  held  the  town  and  adjacent  country,  after  skirmishing  with  the  Spaniards,  and 
where  there  had  been  a  bombardment  of  Fort  Caimanera  by  American  warships.  The  begin- 
ning of  the  disembarkation  of  Shafcer's  troops  was  at  Daquiri  on  June  22,  6,000  men  having 
landed  the  first  day  with  a  loss  of  one  killed  and  four  wounded. .  The  following  day  6.060 
more  were  landed,  and  on  the  night  of  June  24   the  entire  corps  was  ashore,  having  met 


76  A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events. 

with  but  little  resistance.  General  Lawton's  division  pushed  forward  to  Siboney,  followed 
by  Kent's  division,  the  Cubans,  in  uncertain  numbers  under  Garcia,  assisting. 

It  had  been  intended  that  Lawton's  division  should  occupy  a  strong  defensive  position 
on  the  road  from  Siboney  to  Santiago,  supported  by  Bates's  brigade,  with  Wheeler's  Cavalry 
In  the  rear,  on  the  road  between  Daquiri  and  Siboney.  On  the  night  of  June  23,  however, 
General  Young's  brigade  of  Wheeler's  division  passed  Lawton,  and  was  therefore  in  advance 
of  Lawton  on  June  24.  This  brigade  consisted  of  a  part  of  the  Tenth  United  States  Cavalry 
and  two  battalions  of  the  First  Volunteer  Cavalry,  better  known  as  the  Rough  Riders. 
Three  miles  from  Siboney,  on  the  road  to  Santiago,  in  a  strong,  natural  position  called  Las 
Guasimas,  General  Young  found  the  Spaniards  posted  in  considerable  numbers,  and  the 
American  brigade,  numbering  964  men,  was  taken  by  surprise.  A  battle  ensued,  and  the 
enemy  driven  from  position,  after  obstinate  resistance,  with  a  reported  loss  of  nine  killed 
and  twentj'-seven  wounded.  The  American  loss  was  one  officer  and  fifteen  men  killed  and 
six  officers  and  forty-six  men  wounded.  From  this  time  until  June  30  the  American  troops 
were  concentrated,  and  preparations  were  made  for  further  advance.  It  was  then  decided 
to  attack  and  carry  the  San  Juan  hills  and  block-houses  and  the  village  of  El  Caney,  north- 
east of  and  three  miles  from  Santiago,  the  positions  named  being  strongly  defended  outposts 
of  the  city.  The  Americans  had  but  four  light  batteries,  of  four  guns  each.  Lawton's 
division,  assisted  by  Capron's  battery,  was  ordered  to  move  out  June  30,  make  an  attack 
along  the  road  to  El  Caney  early  on  the  morning  of  July  1,  carry  El  Caney,  continue  to 
move  along  El  Caney  road  and  take  a  position  near  Santiago  at  the  extreme  right  of  the 
line.  Grimes's  battery,  of  the  Second,  attached  to  Kent's  division,  was  ordered  on  June  30 
to  prepare  the  way  next  morning  for  the  attacks  by  Kent's  and  Wheeler's  divisions  on  the 
San  Juan  hills,  the  attack  of  which  was  to  be  delayed  by  the  infantry  until  Lawton's  guns 
were  heard  at  El  Caney. 

Information  that  the  Spanish  General,  Pando,  with  8,000  men,  was  rapidly  approach- 
ing to  reinforce  Santiago's  defenders,  made  quick  action  imperative.  At  6  o'clock  A.  M.,  on 
July  1,  Lawton  was  in  position,  with  Chaffee  on  the  right,  Ludlow  on  the  left,  and  Miles  in 
the  centre.  Stone  block-houses  and  forts  made  doubly  strong  the  position  of  the  enemy,  a 
well-chosen,  natural  vantage  ground.  A  general  engagement  soon  followed  the  opening  guns 
at  6  o'clock.  For  two  hours  Lawton's  command  fought  unaided,  and  then  Bates's  brigade 
was  ordered  from  the  rear  to  support  them.  This  brought  the  Seventy-first  New  York  Vol- 
unteers into  the  action.  Slowly,  but  surely,  the  Spaniards,  driven  from  their  intrenchments, 
fighting  stubbornly,  were  forced  to  retire.  Grimes's  battery,  after  Lawton  had  become  well 
engaged,  fired  very  effectively  on  the  San  Juan  block-houses  from  the  heights  of  El  Pozo. 
The  Americans,  however,  were  at  a  disadvantage,  not  using  smokeless  powder,  as  did  the 
enemy,  with  the  result  that  it  was  difficult  to  locate  the  Spaniards,  who  soon  had  the 
American  range.     The  Spaniards  also  had  the  advantage  of  using  field  pieces. 

When  Lawton  had  become  well  engaged,  the  divisions  of  Wheeler  and  Kent,  which  had 
been  partially  concealed,  were  ordered  to  deploy,  to  the  right  and  left,  respectively.  The 
terse  report  of  General  Shafter  thus  officially  tells  the  result: 

"In  the  meantime  Kent's  division,  with  the  exception  of  two  egiments  of  Hawkins's 
brigade,  being  thus  uncovered,  moved  rapidly  to  the  front  from  the  forks  previously  men- 
tioned in  the  road,  utilizing  both  trails,  but  more  especially  the  one  to  the  left,  and  crossing 
the  creek,  formed  for  attack  in  the  front  of  San  Juan  Hill.  During  this  formation  the 
Second  Brigade  suffered  severely.  While  personally  superintending  this  movement,  its 
gallant  commander,  Colonel  Wikoff,  was  killed.  The  command  of  the  brigade  then  devolved 
upon  Lieutenant-Colonel  Worth,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  who  was  soon  severely  wounded, 
and  next  upon  Lieutenant -Colonel  Liscum,  Twenty-fourth  Infantry,  who,  five  minutes  later, 
also  fell  under  the  terrible  fire  of  the  enemy,  and  the  command  of  the  brigade  then  devolved 
upon  Lieutenant-Colonel  Ewers,  Ninth  Infantry. 

"While  the  formation  just  described  was  taking  place.  General  Kent  took  measures  to 
hurry  forward  his  rear  brigade.  The  Tenth  and  Second  Infantry  were  ordered  to  follow 
Wikoff's  brigade,  while  the  Twenty-first  was  sent  out  to  the  right-hand  road  to  support 
the  First  Brigade,  under  General  Hawkins,  who  had  crossed  the  stream  and  formed  on 
the  right  of  the  division.  The  Second  and  Tenth  Infantry,  Col.  E.  P.  Pearson,  commanding, 
moved  forward  in  good  order  on  the  left  of  the  division,  passed  over  a  green  knoll,  and 
drove  the  enemy  back  toward  his   trenches. 

.  "After  completing  their  formation  unijer  a  destructive  fire,  and  advancing  a  short  di»- 


A    Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events.  *tl 


tance,  both  divisions  found  in  their  front  a  wide  bottom,  in  which  had  been  placed  a 
barbed-wire  entanglement,  and  beyond  which  there  was  a  high  hill,  along  the  crest  of 
which  the  enemy  was  strongly  posted.  Nothing  daunted,  these  gallant  men  pushed  on  to 
drive  the  enemy  from  his  chosen  position,  both  divisions  losing  heavily.  In  this  assault 
Colonel  Hamilton,  Lieutenants  Smith  and  Shipp  were  killed,  and  Colonel  Carroll,  Lieuten- 
ants Thayer  and  Myer,  all  in  the  cavalry,  were  wounded." 

Thus,  on  the  night  of  July  1,  the  battle  of  El  Caney  was  over,  with  the  Americans 
strongly  holding  all  they  had  gained  during  the  day,  but  with  heavy  losses,  while  the 
reputed  approach  of  General  Pando  made  necessary  a  decisive  victory  before  the  enemy 
could  be  reinforced.  The  Spaniards  still  held  strong  positions  and  must  be  driven  out. 
While  the  American  lines  were  being  rearranged  and  strengthened  during  the  afternoon 
and  night  of  July  1,  the  two  remaining  batteries  took  positions  near  Grimes's  and  played 
on  the  Spanish  trenches.  General  Duffield's  brigade,  composed  of  the  Thirty-third  and 
Thirty-fourth  Michigan,  with  a  Massachusetts  regiment,  assaulted  the  small  outposts  of 
Aquadores.  On  the  morning  of  July  2  the  Spaniards  opened  battle  with  a  fierce  assault, 
repelled,  as  were  subsequent  ones,  by  Kent  and  Wheeler,  who  remained  behind  their  works. 
On  the  right,  meanwhile,  Lawton  advanced  his  lines  and  gained  strong  and  commanding 
positions.  Fighting  was  renewed  on  the  morning  of  July  3,  but  firing  soon  ceased,  as  the 
enemy's  lines  gave  way.  At  8.30  o'clock  A.  M.  General  Shafter  sent,  under  a  flag  of 
truce  to  the  Spanish  commander,  a  demand  for  the  surrender  of  the  army  and  of  the  city 
of  Santiago.  The  reply,  while  not  acquiescent,  impelled  General  Shafter  to  wait.  The 
Spaniards  were  disheartened  by  the  destruction  of  Cervera's  fleet  and  by  the  knowledge 
that  reinforcements  for  the  Americans  were  on  their  way.  After  numerous  parleys,  the 
Spaniards  surrendered  the  city  and  province  of  Santiago  de  Cuba  on  July  17,  with  more 
than  22,000  troops,  thus  ending  the  campaign.  The  Spanish  loss  during  the  first  three  days 
of  July,  while  not  accurately  known,  was  about  1,500  officers  and  men,  killed  and  wounded. 
The  American  losses  were  22  officers  and  208  men  killed,  81  officers  and  1,203  men 
wounded  and  79  men  missing. 

THE   PORTO   RICO   CAMPAIGN. 

Porto  Rico  was  won  by  military  strategy  rather  than  by  fighting.  The  credit  for  this 
belongs  to  General  Miles  and  his  officers,  while  in  the  Santiago  campaign  the  courage  and 
discipline  of  the  soldiers  contributed  largely  to  the  splendid  results.  The  Spaniards  held 
strong,  natural  positions  throughout  Porto  Rico,  with  a  garrison  of  8,233  regulars  and  9,107 
volunteers.  The  force  landed  by  Miles  was  but  one-fifth  of  this  number,  3,514  officers'  and 
men.  After  Santiago  had  surrendered  General  Miles  promptly  organized  his  Porto  Rico 
expedition,  sailing  from  Guantanamo,  Cuba,  on  July  21.  .  The  Spaniards  had  assumed  he 
would  land  near  San  Juan,  the  capital,  on  the  north  side  of  the  Island,  but  while  he  held 
the  enemy's  attention  by  naval  demonstrations  off  San  Juan,  and  by  the  shelling  of  Ponce, 
on  the  south  side  of  Porto  Rico,  he  quietly  and  quickly  disc.nbarked  his  forces  at  Guanica, 
a  short  distance  we^  of  Ponce,  drove  back  the  Spanish  troops  in  a  short  but  spirited  engage- 
ment, and  proceeded  to  occupy  Guanica  and  Ponce.  The  brigade  of  Generals  Henry,  Ernest 
and  Schwan  pushed  along  the  island  roads  to  the  interior,  sending  the  heaviest  forces  along 
the  noted  military  road  connecting  Ponce  and  San  Juan.  On  this  road,  on  August  10,  an 
engagement  resulted  in  a  loss  of  one  American  killed  and  16  wounded.  At  Coamo,  on 
August  9,  General  Ernest's  troops  captured  167  Spanish  soldiers,  and  a  little  later  the 
Spaniards  were  shelled  from  an  apparently  Impregnable  position  at  Albonlto  Pass.  There 
were  but  nineteen  days  of  active  campaigning  in  Porto  Rico,  during  which  time  much 
of  the  island  was  captured  by  United  States  troops,  with  a  total  loss  of  only  three  killed 
and  forty  wounded.  There  were  six  engagements,  in  all  of  which  the  Spanish  were  defeated, 
and  all  their  positions,  except  that  of  San  Juan,  were  made  untenable.  On  August  12 
news  of  the  suspension  of  hostilities  ended  the  campaign,  by  which  Porto  Rico  became  a 
part  of  the  United  States. 

THE  FALL,  OF   MANILA. 

Although  Dewey  destroyed  the  Spanish  fleet  at  Manila,  and  might  have  captured  the 
city  by  bombardment,  the  holding  of  such  captured  territory  and  the  adjacent  country 
without  a  land  force  was  obviously  impossible.  The  Philippine  campaign  was  therefore 
actively   begun   immediately   after   the   battle   of   Manila   Bay.      Gen.    Wesley   Merritt   was 


78  A    Quarter'- Cetitury  JRerord  of  Ji^venfs. 

appointed  Military  Governor  of  the  PliiJippine  Islands,  was  assigned  to  the  command  of 
the  Eighth  Corps,  with  headquarters  in  San  Francisco,  and  was  ordered  to  send  troops  as 
rapidly  as  possible  to  the  investment  of  Manila.  The  first  expedition  sailed  on  transports 
from  San  "Francisco  on  May  25  and  consisted  of  158  officers  and  3,428  men.  Between  then 
and  October  other  expeditions  rapidly  followed.  General  Men-itt  himself  arriving  in  the 
Philippines  late  in  July.  By  that  time  the  Spanish  lines  were  fairly  well  surrounded,  the 
outer  lines  of  Manila  having  been  invested  by  the  preceding  expeditions,  under  Generals 
Anderson  and  Greene,  and  by  the  insurgents,  under  Aguinaldo.  The  Spanish  oentie  was 
at  Malate,  a  suburb  of  Manila.  The  American  forces,  reinforced  by  a  division  under  Gen- 
eral MacArthur,  numbered  more  than  11,000  men  on  July  31.  On  that  day  the  Tenth  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteer  Infantry  and  part  of  the  Utah  Volunteer  Artillery  were  posted  behind 
breastworks  about  750  yards  in  front  of  Malate.  Taking  advantage  of  the  fact  that  the 
Insurgents  had  withdrawn  to  celebrate  a  feast  day,  the  Spaniards,  3,000  strong,  attacked 
the  American  position  on  both  flanks  and  front.  The  small  American  force  was  becoming 
demoralized,  when  Battery  K,  Third  United  States  Artillery,  opportunely  arrived  and 
restored  confidence.  Captain  O'Hara,  of  the  Third  Artillery,  intercepted  a  courier  going  to 
General  Greene  for  reinforcements  and  ammunition,  and,  without  awaiting  orders,  sent  out 
the  remaining  battery  H,  of  the  Third,  and  hurried  to  assist  Lieutenants  Krayenbuhl  and 
Kessler,  who,  with  Battery  K,  had  halted  the  Spaniards.  The  regular  battalion,  with 
Battery  H,  now  numbered  125  men,  who,  with  a  cheer  and  with  rapid  and  effective  fire, 
charged  the  Spaniards  and  put  them  to  rout.  The  early  arrival  of  reinforcement.s  under 
General  Greene  resulted  in  driving  the  enemy  from  the  field.  The  honors  of  the  day  thus 
rested  largely  with  the  small,  regular  battalion.  The  next  night  there  was  more  fighting, 
with  slight  American  and  heavy  Spanish  losses.  "When  General  Merritt  arrived  it  was 
decided  to  force  the  situation,  and  he  demanded  the  surrender  of  Manila.  The  Spanish 
commander  asked  for  a  truce  until  August  13  to  enable  him  to  consult  with  his  Govern- 
ment. As  he  did  not  reply  by  the  date  last  named,  the  American  commanders  ended  the 
suspense  by  a  land  and  sea  attack.  The  bombardment  by  the  fleet  opened  in  the  morning, 
and  General  Greene  assaulted  the  city  defences,  losing  eight  killed  and  forty  wounded. 
Shortly  after  noon  Manila  capitulated.  Further  reinforcements  arriving,  the  Americans 
became  masters  of  Luzon,  with  18,000  men  encamped  on  the  former  Spanish  territory. 

The  Spanish  Government,  through  French  Ambassador  Cambon.  asked  for  terms  of 
peace  on  July  26,  1S98.  President  McKinley,  through  the  French  Ambassador,  stated  the 
American  terms  on  July  30.  These  terms  were,  on  August  9,  formally  accepted  by  Spain, 
and  the  French  Ambassador  was  officially  clothed  by  Spain  with  power  to  sign  a  protocol. 
Spa^n  agreed:  To  relinquish  all  claim  of  sovereigftty  over  and  title  to  Cuba;  to  cede  to  the 
I'nlted  States  the  island  of  Porto  Rico  and  other  Islands  then  under  Spanish  sovereignty 
in  the  West  Indies,  and  also  an  island  in  the  Ladrones,  to  be  selected  by  the  United  States;' 
that  the  United  States  should  hoW  and  occupy  the  city,  bay  and  harbor  of  Manila  pending 
the  conclusion  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  which  treaty  should  determine  the  control,  disposition 
and  government  of  the  Philippines;  to  immediately  evacuate  Cuba.  Po*o  Rico  and  other 
islands  under  Spanish  sovereignty  in  the  West  Indies.  The  protocol  also  provided  for  the 
appointment  ol  Spanish  and  American  Evacuation  Commissioners,  to  meet  at  Havana,  Cuba, 
and  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico,  to  arrange  for  the  evacuation  of  the  two  islands  named  by 
Spanish  troops;  also,  for  the  appointment  of  five  fimnish  and  five  American  Commissioners 
to  treat  of  r>eace,  at  Paris,  not  later  than  October  1,  1898.  Secretary  of  State  William  R. 
Day,  for  the  United  States,  and  French  Ambassador  Jules  Cambon,  for  Spain,  signed  this 
protocol  at  4.23  o'clock  P.  M.  on  August  12,  1898. 

Upon  receipt  of  the  news  of  the  signing  of  the  protocol  hostilities  ceased,  the  blockade 
of  the  Cuban  coast  was  at  once  raised,  and  the  battleships  and  cruisers  returned  to  the 
United  States  for  needed  i-epairs.  On  September  9  the  United  States  named  its  Peace  Com- 
missioners to  meet  at  Paris,  and  on  September  18  the  Spanish  Government  did  the  same. 
The  American  Commission  was  composed  of  William  R.  Day,  of  Ohio;  Cushman  K.  Davis, 
of  Minnesota;  William  P.  Frye.  of  Maine;  George  Gray,  of  Delaware;  Whitelaw  Reld,  of 
Nevt  York.  The  Spanish  Commission  consisted  of  Eugene  Montero  Rios,  Buenaventura 
Abarzuza.  M.  W.  Z.  de  Villaurrutia,  Gen.  R.  Cerero,  M.  J.  de  Garnica.  The  Evacuation 
Commissions  appointed  to  superintend  the  evacuations  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  were:  For 
^Mba.  Americans:  MaJ.-Gen.  James  F.  Wade,  Admiral  W.  T.  Sampson,  Brijr.-Gen.  John  C. 
Bates.      .Spanianis.      Admij-al    Manterola.    General    Parrado,    the    Marquis    of    Montoro.      For 


A   Quarter -Century  Record  of  Events.  79 

Pdrto  -Rico,    Americans:      Admiral    W.    T.    Schley,    Maj.-Gen.    John    R.    Brooke,    Maj.-Gen. 
W.  W.  Gordon.     Spaniards:     Admiral  Vallarino,   General  Ostega,.  Senor  Dolalginia. 

®n  September  17  the  United  States  Peace  Commission  sailed  from  New  York  for  Paris, 
where  they  were  received  by  the  French  Foreign  Office,  presented  to  the  representatives  of 
Spain,  and  shown  a  series  of  graceful  attentions.  The  two  bodies  sat  from  October  1  to 
December  10,  when  the  Treaty  of  Peace  was  signed.  This  treaty,  in  seventeen  articles, 
provided:  For  the  relinquishment  of  Cuba;  the  cession  of  Porto  PJco;  the  cession  of  the 
Philippines  for  $20,000,000  as  compensation;  for  the  return  of  Spanish  prisoners  in  the  hands 
of  the  Tagalogs;  the  cession  of  barracks,  war  materials,  arms,  stores,  buildings  and  all 
property  appertaining  to  the  Spanish  administration  in  the  Philippines;  for  the  renunciation 
by  both  nations  of  their  respective  claims  against  each  other  and  the  citizens  of  each  other; 
for  the  granting  to  Spanish  trade  and  shipping  in  the  Philippines  the  same  treatment  as 
American  trade  and  shipping  for  ten  years;  for  the  release  of  all  prisoners  of  war  held  by 
Spain,  and  of  all  prisoners  held  by  her  for  offences  committed  in  the  colonies  acquired  by 
the  United  States;  for  the  guaranteeing  of  legal  rights* of  Spaniards  remaining  in  Cuba;  for 
the  establishing  of  religious  freedom  in  the  Philippines  and  guarantees  of  equal  rights  to 
all  churches;  for  the  composition  of  courts  and  other  tribunals,  and  for  the  administration 
of  justice  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico;  for  the  continuance  for  five  years  of  Spanish  copyrights 
In  the  ceded  territories,  giving  Spanish  books  admittance  free  of  duty;  for  the  establishment 
of  consulates  by  Spain  in  the  ceded  territories;  for  the  granting  to  Spanish  commerce  in 
Cuba,  Porto  Rico  and  the  Philippines  the  same  treatment  as  to  American  for  ten  years. 
Spanish  shipping  to  be  treated  as  coasting  vessels;  for  the  termination  of  the  obligations 
of  the  United  States  to  Spanish  citizens  and  property  in  Cuba  with  the  withdrawal  of  the 
United  States  authorities  from  the  island;  and,  finally,  for  the  ratification  of  the  Areaty 
within  six  months  of  the  date  of  the  signing  by  the  respective  governments.  The  treaty 
was  transmitted  to  the  United  States  Senate  by  the  President  January  14,  1S99,  was  ratified 
by  the  Senate  February  6;  signed  by  the  President  February  10;  signed  by  the  Queen 
Regent  March  17,  and  ratifications  were  exchanged  April  11.  The  evacuation  of  Cuba 
by  Spanish  troops  v/as  completed  on  January,  1899.  In  Porto  Rico  the  evacuation  was 
completed  on  October  17,  1898,  and  on  the  following  day  the  United  States  flag  was 
hoisted  at  San  Juan,  formal  possession  thus  being  assumed,  with  Gen.  John  R.  Brooke 
as  first  Governor. 

1899 

The  calm  of  peace  settled  upon  the  United  States,  except  In  the  Philippines,  In  1899, 
both  governmental  and  popular  interest  centring  largely  in  the  new  insular  possessions. 
The  American  flag  was  raised  at  Guam  February  1,  and  Commander  Taussig,  of  the  Ben- 
nington, was  made  first  Governor.  While  en  route  to  Guam,  Commander  Taussig  raised  the 
United  States  flag  over  Wake  Island.  The  President  signed  the  peace  treaty  with  Spain 
Februai-y  10,  and  on  June  16  United  States  Minister  Bellamy  Storer  was  received  in  formal 
audience  by  the  Spanish  Queen  Regent.  On  January  12  Commissary-General  Eagan  aspersed 
the  veracity  of  General  Miles  before  the  War  Investigating  Committee  at  Washington;  a 
court-martial  recommended  Eagan's  dismissal  from  the  army,  but  ne  was  suspended  for  six 
years  instead.  Fire  in  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard  destroyed  $1,000,000  worth  of  property 
Februai'y  15.  The  Windsor  Hotel.  New  York  City,  was  burned  with  great  loss  of  life 
March  17.  Resolutions  were  introduced  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  April  IS  revoking 
the  order  banishing  Roger  Williams  in  1635.  Ex-Senator  Quay,  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
acquitted  of  a  charge  of  conspiracy  to  use  State  funds  for  private  gain  April  21.  A  reci- 
procity treaty  with  France  was  signed  July  24.  The  National  Export  Exposition  opened 
at  Philadelphia  September  14.  An  Anti-Trust  Conference  at  Chicago  ended  September  21. 
Admiral  Dewey  arrived  in  New  York  harbor  September  26  from  Manila;  a  great  naval 
parade  in  his  honor  was  held  in  the  harbor  and  North  River  September  29,  and  a  huge 
land  parade  in  the  city  September  30.  England  and  the  United  States  agreed  on  a  tempo- 
rary arrangement  of  the  Alaska  boundary  dispute  October  12.  The  Dismal  Swamp  Canal, 
the  original  survey  of  which  was  made  by  George  Washington,  was  opened  October  14. 
The  cruiser  Charleston  was  wrecked  on  a  reef  on  the  northwest  coast  of  Luzon,  Philippines, 
November  7.  The  Samoan  partition  treaty  was  signed  at  Washington  December  2,  England 
having  relinquished  Its  territorial  rights  November  8,  and  hostilities  hetween  naval  claim- 


80  A   Quarter -Centxtry  Record  of  Events. 

ants  for  the  throne  having  been  pending  since  January  1.  American  and  British  naval  forces 
were  attacked  at  Apia,  Samoa,  by  Mataafa's  followers  April  1,  and  one  British  and  two 
American  officers  were  killed.  The  Philippine  war  of  1899  begun  on  February  4,  when  the 
Filipinos,  under  Aguinaldo,  attacked  the  American  defences  at  Manila;  the  next  day  the 
Americans  assumed  the  offensive,  and  in  the  several  days'  fighting  which  ensued  lost  57 
killed  and  215  wounded,  the  Filipinos  losing  500  killed,  1,000  wounded  and  500  captured. 
The  battle  of  Caloocan  was  fought  February  10.  In  all  the  engagements,  which  followed 
to  the  end  of  the  year  in  a  warfare  largely  desultory,  the  Americans  were  almost  uniformly 
successful,  the  enemy  retreating  after  making  a  more  or  less  determined  stand.  General 
Wheaton  attacked  and  occupied  Pasig  March  13-19.  General  MacArthur  advanced  toward 
and  captured  Malolos  March  21-30,  and  on  April  25-May  5  he  captured  Calumpit  and  San 
Fernando.  General  Lawton  led  an  expedition  to  San  Isidro  April  22-May  17,  and,  with 
General  "Wheaton,  he  advanced  south  to  Imus  June  10-19.  General  Hall  took  Colamba  June 
26.  Military  operations  were  partially  suspended  during  the  rainy  season,  but  General  Mac- 
Arthur  captured  Angeles  August  l6.  Meanwhile  the  southern  islands  were  occupied  by 
American  forces;  Iloilo,  by  General  Miller  February  11;  Cebu,  by  the  Navy  March  27,  and 
Mindanao,  Negros  and  the  smaller  islands  subsequently.  A  treaty  was  concluded  with  the 
Sultan  of  Sulu,  in  which  his  rights  were  guaranteed,  and  he  acknowledged  the  supremacy 
of  the  United  States.  The  Philippine  Commission,  appointed  by  the  President,  and  com- 
posed of  President  Schurman,  of  Cornell  University;  Prof.  Dean  Worcester,  Charles  Denby, 
late  Minister  to  China;  Admiral  Dewey  and  General  Otis  sat  in  Manila  from  March  20 
until  September.  On  April  4  the  Commission  issued  a  proclamation  to  the  people  of  the 
Philippines  announcing  a  broad  but  firm  American  policy  in  the  islands.  On  November  2 
the  fCommission  submitted  its  preliminary  report  to  the  President  at  Washington.  The 
army  of  occupation  having  been  reinforced  by  30,000  men,  military  operations  on  a  much 
larger  scale  than  before  were  begun  with  the  advance  of  the  dry  season.  General  Mac- 
Arthur,  after  several  days'  fighting,  occupied  Porac  September  28.  General  Schwan's 
column  operated  in  the  south  part  of  Luzon,  and  captured  Rosario  and  Malabon  October 
1-10.  A  military  expedition  on  board  transports,  under  General  Wheaton,  captured  Dag- 
upan  November  7.  Major  Bell  entered  Tarlac  November  14;  on  the  same  day  Maj.  John  A. 
Logan  was  killed  during  brisk  fighting  near  San  Jacinto.  On  November  24  General  Otis 
announced  to  the  War  Department  that  the  whole  of  Central  Luzon  was  in  the  hands  of 
the  United  States  authorities;  that  the  President  of  the  Filipino  Congress,  the  Filipino 
Secretary  of  State  and  Treasurer  were  captured,  and  that  only  small  bands  of  the  enemy 
were  in  arms,  retreating  in  different  directions,  while  Aguinaldo,  a  fugitive  with  a  small 
escort,  was  being  pursued  toward  the  mountains.  The  navy  captured  Vigan,  on  the  coast, 
November  26.  The  President  directed  General  Otis  to  open  the  ports  of  the  Philippines  to 
commerce  December  11.     General  Lawton  was  killed  in  attacking  San  Mateo  December  19. 

Abroad,  the  event  of  worldwide  interest  in  1899  was  the  beginning  of  the  South  African 
war  between  the  Transvaal  Republic  and  Great  Britain,   the  story  of  which  appears  on  fol- 
lowing pages  of  this  quarter-century  record  of  events.     The  war  opened  October  10,  when  the 
Boers  sent  an  ultimatum  to  Great  Britain  and  invaded  Natal.  October  12.     Other  important 
foreigm  events  were:     Lord  Curzon,   of  Kedleston.   assumed  the  Vice-Royalty  of  India  Jan- 
uary 6;  .President  Faure,   of  France,   died  suddenly  February  16,   and  M.   Emile  Loubet  was 
elected  President  to  succeed  him  February  18.     Russia  deprived  Finland  of  certain  liberties 
in  home  government  February  20;   the  Sagasta  ministry  resigned  in  Spain   March  1;   China 
refused  Italy's  demand  for  a  lease  of  San   Mun  Bay  as  a  naval   base  March  5;    the  naval 
powder  magazine  at  Toulon,  France,  was  blown  up,   killing  60  and  wounding  100,   March  5; 
the  Anglo-French  treaty,  agreeing  on  the  Nile  boundary,  was  signed  March  21;   the  English 
excursion   steamer   Stella   was   lost   on   Casquet   Rocks,    near   Alderney   Island,    and   seventy- 
three  were  drowned  March  30;  the  Cuban  Military  Assembly  voted  to  disband  the  army  and 
to  dissolve  April  4;  the  three  hundredth  anniversary  of  Cromwell's  birth  was  celebrated  in 
England  April  25;  the  Italian  Cabinet  resigned  May  2;   the  Tuberculosis  Congress  at  Ber?Jn 
convened  May  15;   President  Kruger,   of  the  Transvaal,   and   Sir  Alfred  Milner  conferred  at 
Bloemfontein    regarding   the   grievances    of   the    Outlanders    May   30;    Major    Marchand   was 
received  with  enthusiasm  in  France  June  1;  the  French  Court  of  Cassation  decided  in  favor 
of  a  revision   of  the  Dreyfus   verdict   June   2;    Esterhazy   admitted   that   he   wrote   the   bor- 
dereau In  the  Dreyfus  case  June  3;   President  Loubet,    of  France,   was  attacked   by  a  mob 
at  the  races  June  4;  the  Depuy  ministry  in  France  was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  321  to  173 


A   (Quarter- Century  tiecord  of  Events.  81 


and  resigned  June  12;  the  first  formal  meeting  of  the  Venezuelan  Arbitration  Commission 
■was  opened  June  15,  and  on  October  3  rendered  its  unanimous  decision,  which  was  promptly 
accepted  by  Great  Britain  and  Venezuela,  thus  ending  a  sixty^years'  controversy  and 
averting  war;  M.  Waldeck-Rousseau  succeeded  in  forming  a  new  French  ministry  June  22; 
the  International  Council  of  Women  opened  in  London  June  26;  French  soldiers  killed  their 
officers  in  the  French  Soudan  July  14;  President  Heureaux,  of  Santo  Domingo,  was  assas- 
sinated July  26;  the  Peace  Conference  at  The  Hague  held  its  final  sitting  July  29;  the 
I>reyfus  trial  was  opened  at  Rennes,  France,  August  7;  Captain  Dreyfus  was  convicted 
September  9  and  pardoned  September  19;  on  August  18  a  hurricane  in  Porto  Rico  destroyed 
2,(.)00  lives;  throughout  August,  in  Paris,  there  were  anti-government  riots,  and  on  August 
14  an  attempt  was  made  to  assassinate  Maitre  Labori;  the  revolution  in  the  Dominican 
Republic  succeeded  August  27;  the  Seventh  International  Geographical  Congress  opened  in 
Derlin  September  28;  an  earthquake  in  Java  killed  4,000  people  October  12;  General  Jimenez 
was  elected  President  of  the  Dominican  Republic  October  20;  Puerto  Cabello,  Venezuela, 
surrendered  to  General  Castro,  after  holding  out  for  two  days,  November  12;  Kaiser  Wil- 
helm  arrived  at  Windsor  Castle  on  a  visit  to  England  November  20;  the  Khalifa  of  the 
Soudan  was  killed  in  battle  November  23. 

1900 

"The  war  which  staggered  humanity,"  to  use  the  words  of  President  Kruger,  of 
the  Transvaal;  the  Boxer  rebellion  in  China;  a  Presidential  election  in  the  United  States 
and  general  unrest  made  historic  events  follow  in  quick  succession  in  1900.  The  Boer 
war  and  Boxer  troubles  are  treated  on  following  pages.  In  the  United  States  Secretary  Hay 
announced  the  success  of  the  "open  door"  policy  in  China  January  2;  the  Senate  ratified 
the  Samoan  treaty  January  16;  the  Hay-Pauncefote  treaty,  amending  the  Clayton-Bulwer 
treaty,  was  signed  at  Washington  February  5;  President  McKinley  signed  the  Gold  Standard 
Currency  bill  March  14;  Admiral  Dewey  announced  himself  a  candidate  for  the  Presi- 
dency April  4;  General  MacArthur  succeeded  General  Otis  in  the  Philippines  Api'il  7;  Charles 
H.  Allen  was  appointed  first  civil  Governor  of  Porto  Rico  April  12;  the  United  States  Senate 
denied  admission  to  Matthew  Quay,  who  had  been  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania; a  mine  explosion  killed  200  at  Scofield,  Utah,  May  1;  Boer  delegates  arrived  in  New 
York  May  16  and  were  subsequently  received  unofficially  by  the  President;  General  Mac- 
Arthur  issued  a  proclamation  of  amnesty  to  the  Filipino  insurgents  June  15;  at  Hoboken, 
N.  J.,  on  June  30,  occurred  a  fire  in  which  hundreds  of  lives  were  lost,  and  docks,  vessels 
and  other  property  to  the  value  of  $10,000,000  were  destroyed;  the  United  States  Government 
took  measures  for  the  relief  of  destitute  miners  at  Cape  Nome,  Alaska,  August  31;  a  tor- 
nado at  Galveston,  Tex.,  destroyed  7,000  lives  and  $30,000, 00<)  in  property  September  8,  and 
about  $1,000,000  was  subscribed  throughout  the  States  for  relief;  a  great  strike  prevailed 
in  the  anthracite  coal  regions  of  Pennsylvania  September  13-October  13,  and  was  ended  by 
mutual  concessions;  the  United  States  cruiser  Yosemite  was  wrecked  at  Guam  by  a  tj'phoon 
November  13;  fifty  lives  were  lost  by  a  hurricane  in  Tennessee  November  21.  The 
Republican  National  Convention  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  nominated  William  McKinley,  of 
*  Ohio,  for  President,  and  Theodore  Roosevelt,  of  New  York,  for  Vice-President,  both  by 
acclamation.  Every  vote  n  the  convention  was  cast  for  McKinley,  and  929  of  930  votes 
for  Roosevelt,  the  candidate,  who  was  a  delegate,  not  voting.  The  Democratic  National 
Convention  at  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  nominated  William  J.  Bryan  for  President  by  acclamation. 
On  the  first  ballot  Adlai  E.  Stevenson  for  Vice-President,  his  leading  opponent  being  David 
B.  Hill,  who  received  200  votes  out  of  936  cast,  Stevenson  getting  5591/2  ballots.  The  Silver 
Republican  National  Convention  at  Kansas  Cit^-,  Mo.,  July  6,  the  People's  Party  (Fusion) 
at  Sioux  Falls,  S.  Dak.,  May  10,  and  the  Anti-Imperialist  League  at  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
August  16,  indorsed  Bryan,  and  the  National  Democratic  party  (Gold  Democracy)  refused 
to  Indorse  him,  and  voted  in  convention  at  Indianapolis  to  oppose  him  July  25.  The 
money  issue  was  paramount  in  the  campaign,  and  on  November  6,  in  the  general  election, 
McKinley  and  Roosevelt  had  a  popular  plurality  of  849,435  over  Bryan,  a  popular  majority 
of  457,027  over  all,  and  an  electoral  majority  of  137.     The  total  popular  vote  was  13,961,566. 

Among  the  notable  incidents  in  foreign  countries  in   1900  were:     The  announcing  of  the 
Delagoa  Railroad  award,  making  Portugal  pay  nearly  $5,000,000,  March  29;  Sipido  attempted 


82  A   Quarter- Ce?itu7y  Record  of  Events. 


to  shoot  the  Prince  of  Wales  In  Brussels  April  4;  the  Paris  International  Exposition  was 
formally  opened  by  President  Loubet  April  14;  Queen  Victoria  departed  from  Ireland  after 
a  three  weeks'  visit  April  2C);  Hull  and  a  part  of  Ottawa,  Canada,  were  destroyed  by  fire 
April  26,  making  12,000  persons  homeless  and  causing  |15,000,000  property  loss;  the  Mar- 
quis de  Galliffet  resigned  as  Minister  of  War  of  France  and  was  succeeded  by  General 
Andre  May  29;  the  International  Miners'  Congress  began  at  Paris  June  2.";  a  British  force 
of  400  was  attacked  by  10,000  Ashantls,  near  Dompoassi,  six  officers  and  eighty-seven  men 
being  killed.  June  2G;  the  United  States  battleship  Oregon  grounded  thirty-five  miles  north 
of  Chefoo,  China.  June  29,  and  was  subsequently  taken  to  Japan  and  repaired;  a  statue  of 
I^afayette,  the  gift  of  American  school  children,  was  unveiled  in  Paris  July  4;  General 
Porfirio  Diaz  was  re-elected  President  of  Mexico  July  9;  the  Earl  of  Hopetown  was 
appointed  Governor  of  the  new  Commonwealth  of  Australia  July  13;  King  Humbert  of 
Italy  was  assassinated  by  Angelo  Bresci  at  Monza,  Italy,  July  3,  and  was  succeeded  August 
11  by  King  Victor  Emmanuel,  who  took  the  oath  of  office  August  11;  President  Sancle- 
mente,  of  the  Republic  of  Colombia,  resigned,  and  Vice-President  Marrogun  succeeded  him 
August  15;  the  Duke  of  Abruzzl's  polar  expedition  returned  to  Tromso,  Norway,  and 
announced  that  it  had  reached  86°  33'  north  latitude,  the  highest  point  yet  touched,  Sep- 
tember 6;  Cuba  held  an  election  of  delegates  to  a  constitutional  convention  September  15, 
which  convention  was  opened  at  Havana  November  5;  England  held  elections  for  a  new 
House  of  Commons  in  October,  and  a  reconstructed  British  Cabinet,  Conservative,  with  the 
Marquis  of  Salisbury  as  Prime  Minister,  was  approved  by  Queen  Victoria  November  1; 
in  October  and  November  there  were  Carlist  disorders  in  Spain;  on  October  17  the  betrothal 
of  Queen  Wilhelmina  of  the  Netherlands  to  Prince  Henrj'  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin  was 
announced;  a  new  Spanish  ministry  was  formed  under  General  Azcarraga  October  22;  the 
five  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  death  of  Chaucer  was  commemorated  In  London  October 
2."i;  the  Canadian  Parliamentary  elections  were  carried  by  a  Liberal  majority,,  November  7; 
the  steamer  Monticello  foundered  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  thirty-one  lives  were  lost  Novem- 
ber 10;  the  Paris  Exposition  closed,  r>0,000.000  visitors  having  passed  thi-ough  the  gates, 
November  12;  President  Kruger  landed  at  Marseilles.  France,  and  began  a  triumphal  Jour- 
ney to  Paris  November  22;  arsenic  poison  in  beer  caused  GO  deaths  and  the  illness  of  1,000 
]>ersons  at  Manchester,  England,  November  30;  General  Mercier,  in  the  Senate  of  France, 
projected  the  unionism  of  England,  by  arms,  December  4;  tension  between  Portugal  and 
the  Netherlands  over  South  African  affairs  caused  the  withdi-awal  of  their  respective  min- 
isters December  7. 

THE    BOXER    REBELLION. 

For  three  years  prior  to  the  enforced  occupation  of  China  by  the  Powers  in  1900  trouble 
for  foreigners  had  been  brewing  in  the  Flowery  Kingdom.  Since  1898  Russia  had  taken 
Port  Arthur  and  the  adjacent  harbor  of  Talien-wan.  Germanj-  had  leased  Kiaochau  and 
gained  great  concessions  in  the  province  of  Shang  Tung.  France  had  suggested  privileges 
in  portions  of  Chinese  territory  adjacent  to  the  French  possession  of  Tonquin.  Great 
Britain,  to  cap  the  climax,  had  obtained  from  China  a  lease  of  Wei-Hai-Wei,  on  the  south 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Pechili,  opposite  Port  Arthur,  and  thus  commanded  the  entrance  to 
the  gulf  and  the  water  approach  to  Peking. 

Many  Chinese  were  resentful  of  these  encroachments  by  foreigners,  but  the  Dowager 
Empress  did  hot,  and  hence  she  was  bitterly  opposed  by  her  people.  The  leader  of  this 
opposition  was  Prince  Tuan,  the  sixth  son  of  the  Emperor  Kwang-Su's  grandfather.  Prince 
Tuan  had  long  been  an  athlete  and  had  a  following  of  many  athletic  young  men  in  the 
kingdom,  who,  because  of  their  ability  in  sports,  were  known  as  boxers,  a  name  which 
Tuan's  recruits  adopted.  Tuan  proclaimed  his  nine-year-old  son  heir  presumptive  to  the 
throne.  The  Emperor,  then  but  a  figurehead,  dominated  by  the  Dowager  Empress,  had 
little  popular  support.  The  Boxers  revolted,  massacred  missionaries  at  many  interior  points 
of  the  Empire,  and  finally  made  a  concerted  attack  upon  the  foreign  legations  in  Peking 
in  which  movement  the  Imperial  troops  eventually  participated. 

The  Chinese  Tsung-li-Yamen,  the  equivalent  to  a  responsible  government  ministry  in 
Europe,  was  in  sentiment  hostile  to  foreigners,  and  hence  either  would  not,  or  could  not,  pro- 
tect the  legations  or  escort  them  safely  from  the  country.  The  civilized  world  received  dis- 
tressing reports  of  massacres  and  outrages,  and  was  for  several  weeks  in  suspense  as  to  the 


A   QfKirter-OenCfiri/  Hecord  of  E cents.  83 

_— _ ■  -~ .. ,  1 .1.^^  ... ... ..  ^ 

fate  of  the  foreign  ministers  in  China,  their  families,  legation  attaches  and  cbnvei-ted 
Chinese  under  foreign  protection.  The  offended  Powers  decided  upon  concerted  action  and 
hurried  vessels  and  troops  to  the  ports  nearest  to  the  danger  points.  Upon  Chinese  resist- 
ance to  the  landing  of  marines  at  Taku  the  forts  were  shelled  by  all  the  allies  except  Amer- 
icans, and  on  June  17,  while  the  Chinese  shelled  the  allies'  fleet,  the  allied  troops  landed 
and  captured  the  Taku  forts,  after  a  sanguinary  conflict.  On  June  18  the  Ninth  United 
States  Regiment  was  ordered  from  Manila  to  China,  other  troops  following.  On  June  20 
German  fury  and  general  international  indignation  was  aroused  when  Baron  von  Ketteler, 
the  German  Minister,  while  proceeding  on  a  diplomatic  mission  to  the  Tsung-li-Yamen  in 
Peking,  was  beset  by  Chinese  soldiers  and  butchered.  On  the  same  day  an  allied  expedition 
under  Vice-Admiral  Seymour,  of  the  British  Xavy,  began  a  march  upon  Peking  for  the 
relief  of  the  British  legationers.  Such  countless  hordes  of  Chinese  opposed  him  that  he  was 
obliged  to  turn  back,  suffering  casualties  of  374.  The  allied  warships  shelled  Tien-tsin  on 
June  21,  and  the  combined  forces,  two  daj-s  later,  occupied  the  foreign  quarters  of  that  city. 
The  Chinese,  on  June  2.3,  requested  an  armistice  through  Minister  Wu  at  Washington.  The 
United  States  promptly  replied  that  free  communication  must  first  be  allowed  with  the 
legations,  and  on  July  4  Secretary  of  State  Hay  outlined  to  the  Powers  the  American  policy. 

On  July  13-14  occurred  one  of  the  noted  conflicts  of  history,  when  the  allied  forces 
stormed  the  Chinese  part  of  Tien-tsin,  which  they  captured  with  a  loss  of  800  killed  and 
wounded.  Col.  E.  H.  Liscum,  commanding  the  United  States  contingent,  was  among  the 
slain.  On  July  19  the  Emperor  of  China  appealed  to  President  McKinley  for  peace.  The 
advance  of  the  allies  upon  Peking  began  August  4,  under  command  of  Field  Marshal  von 
Waldersee,  of  the  German  army,  who  was  unanimously  selected  to  command  the  allied 
forces. 

The  first  news  from  the  beleaguered  foreigners  reached  the  United  States  in  the  form 
of  a  cipher  message  from  Minister  Conger.  It  read:  "Still  besieged.  Situation  more  pre- 
carious. Chinese  Government  insisting  on  our  leaving  Peking  which  would  be  certain  death. 
Rifle  firing  upon  us  daily  by  Imperial  troops.  Have  abundant  courage,  but  little  ammu- 
nition or  provisions.  Two  progressive  Yamen  ministers  beheaded.  All  connected  with  the 
legfation  of  the  United  States  well  at  present  moment."  The  receipt  of  this  message  caused 
intense  excitement  throughout  the  United  States,  for,  though  it  broke  the  long  suspense,  it 
added  to  public  fury  and  anxiety.  On  August  8  Li  Hung  Chang  was  appointed  Envoy  Pleni- 
potentiary to  propose  to  the  several  Powers  for  the  immediate  cessation  of  hostile  demon- 
strations. On  August  14  Peking  was  captured  by  the  allied  forces  of  the  Americans,  British, 
Germans,  French,  Austrians,  Italians  and  Japanese,  the  American  troops  being  the  first 
to  enter  the  city,  and  Captain  Reilly  being  killed.  The  Emperor  and  Empress  had  fled.  The 
legationers  were  promptly  relieved  and  told  thrilling  stories  of  their  danger  and  distress 
during  the  long  siege.  The  Chinese,  on  August  16,  asked  for  an  armistice,  which  was 
refused.  Li  Hung  Chang's  appeal  was  rejected  by  the  United  States,  and  China  was 
informed  that  the  demands  of  this  Government  must  be  complied  with.  At  the  same  time 
General  Chaffee  was  given  full  power  to  act.  The  American  refugees  from  Peking  reached 
Tien-tsin  safely  on  August  25. 

CHINA  PAin  THE  PENALTY. 

On   November    19   the   negotiations   between   the   allies   and   the   Chinese   authorities   for 

terms  of  peace  and  compensation,   which  were  begun  when  the  allies  took  full  possession  of 

Peking,    had    progressed    so    far    that    the    German    Imperial    Chancellor    in    the    Reichstag 

announced  that  the  allies  had  unanimously  agreed  upon  the  following  as  their  demands  upoL 

China: 

First:  China  shall  erect  a  monument  to  Baron  von  Ketteler  on  the  site  where  he  was 
murdered  and  send  an  Imperial  Prince  to  Germany  to  convey  an  apology.  She  shall  inflict 
the  death  penalty  upon  eleven  princes  and  officials  already  named,  and  suspend  provincial 
examinations  for  five  years  where  the  outrages  occurred. 

Second:  In  future  all  officials  failing  to  prevent  anti-foreign  outrages  within  their 
jurisdiction  shall  be  dismissed  and  punished. 

Third:  Indemnity  shall  be  paid  to  States,  corporations  and  individuals.  The  Tsung-li- 
Yamen  shall  be  abolished  and  its  functions  vested  in  a  Foreign  Minister.  Rational  inter- 
course shall  be  permitted  with  the  Emperor,  as  in  civilized  countries. 


84  A    Quartci'^Ceoitury  Record  of  Events. 


Fourth:  The  forts  at  Taku  and  other  forts  on  the  roast  of  Chi-li  shall  be  razed,  and 
the  importation  of  arms  and  war  material  prohibited. 

Fifth:  Permanent  leg-ation  guards  shall  be  maintained,  and  also  gruards  of  communica- 
tion between  Peking  and  the  sea. 

Sixth:  Imperial  proclamations  shall  be  posted  for  two  years  throughout  the  Empire  sup- 
pressing Boxers. 

Seventh :  Indemnity  is  to  include  compensation  for  Chinese  who  suffered  by  bein^ 
employed  by  foreigners,  but  not  compensation  for  native  Christians. 

Eighth:  China  shall  erect  expiatory  monuments  in  every  foreign  or  international  burial 
ground  where  the  graves  have  been  profaned. 

Ninth:  The  Chinese  Government  shall  undertake  to  enter  upon  negotiations  for  such 
changes  in  existing  treaties  regarding  trade  and  navigation  as  the  foreign  governments 
deem  advisable,  and  with  reference  to  other  matters  having  in  view  the  facilitation  of  com- 
mercial relations. 

In  December,  1900,  the  Chinese  authorities  had  accepted  all  the  foregoing  conditions 
imposed  by  the  allies,  and  the  preliminary  note  of  the  demands  of  the  Powers  was  signed 
by  Li  Hung  Chang  and  Prince  Ching.  Another  year,  however,  was  devoted  to  a  final  settle- 
ment of  affairs.  The  allied  commanders  in  Peking  organized  a  judicial  system  on  January 
15.  On  January  22  the  Shan-hai-Rivan  Railway  was  given  over  to  the  Germans  by  the 
Russians.  Russia  refused,  on  February  2,  to  consent  to  the  execution  of  Prince  Tuan,  and 
public  demand  was  made  on  February  6  by  the  foreign  ministers  in  Peking  for  the  heads 
of  twelve  Chinese  officials.  The  United  States,  on  February  19  protested  against  further 
niilitary  expeditions  in  China.  The  next  day  the  Germans  were  attacked  at  Paoting-fu. 
On  February  21  the  Powers  agreed  to  acquire  no  Chinese  territory  without  international 
consent.  Chi  Hsin  and  Hsu  Ching  Tu  were  executed  at  Peking  February  27.  On  March  8 
the  Chung-sun  Pass  was  captured  by  the  Germans.  Japan's  protest  regarding  the  Man- 
churia Convention  was  replied  to  by  Russia  April  3,  Russia  saying  that  terms  would  be 
discussed  after  their  acceptance;  China,  on  the  same  date,  declared  herself  unable  to  sign 
the  Manchuria  Convention.  On  April  23  the  Germans,  in  an  engagement,  forced  the  Chinese 
over  the  grreat  wall,  but  with  considerable  loss.  Peking  was  evacuated  by  the  American 
cavalry  and  artillery  May  5,  and  General  Chaffee  embarked  for  the  Philippines  May  18. 
The  Powers,  on  May  9,  demanded  of  China  a  formal  indemnity  of  450,000,000  taels  (about 
$300,000,000),  which  was  agreed  to  by  China  and  the  Powers,  on  July  26,  formally  accepted 
China's  offer  to  pay  the  sum  named  on  time  at  414  per  cent,  interest.  Prince  Chun,  at 
Berlin,  September  4,  formally  apologized  to  Emperor  William  for  the  insult  to  German 
honor  in  the  murder  of  Baron  von  Ketteler.  On  September  17  the  American  and  Japanese 
troops  in  Peking  handed  over  the  Forbidden  City  to  the  Chinese.  Li  Hung  Chang,  who 
had  taken  such  a  prominent  part  in  peace  negotiations,  died  on  November  7. 

The  terms  of  the  new  Manchuria  agreement  were  made  public  on  November  18.  By 
this  agreement  China  gave  to  Russia  exclusive  mining  and  railway  privileges  in  Manchuria, 
and  the  command  of  all  the  Chinese  troops  there  by  the  Russian  aufiorities,  Russian  occu- 
pation to  end  in  three  years.  President  Roosevelt,  in  his  annual  message  to  Congress  on 
December  2,  1901,  highly  praised  the  United  States  Plenipotentiary,  William  Woodville 
Rockhill,  for  his  good  judgment  and  energy  in  the  conference  of  the  Powers  which  induced 
China  to  sign  a  final  protocol  for  the  betterment  of  conditions  in  China  and  assurance  of 
more  desirable  international  relations.  On  January  7,  1902,  the  Emperor  and  Empress 
Dowager  re-entered  Peking,  and  on  April  8,  1902,  was  signed,  at  Peking,  the  convention 
between  China  and  Russia  regarding  Manchuria. 

The  United  States  Congress,  by  act  approved  April  29,  1902,  re-enacted  much  of  the 
Chinese  Exclusion  act  of  September  13,  1888,  extended  said  law  to  all  territorial  possessions 
of  the  United  States,  authorized  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  make  and  prescribe 
necessary  rules  and  regulations  to  secure  efficient  execution  of  the  act,  and  provided  for  the 
issuance  of  certificates  of  residence  to  Chinese  laborers  entitled  to  remain  in  the  United 
States  or  insular  possessions.  All  Chinese  in  the  T'nited  States  were  compelled  to  register 
such  a  certificate  or  be  deported  within  a  year.  Exemption  was  granted  to  Chinese 
coming  to  the  United  States  to  install  or  attend  to  exhibits  in  any  fair  or  exposition 
authorized  by  act  of  Congress.  In  the  Philippines  the  term  of  registration  was  extended 
to  within  two  years,  if  so  longr  a  time  was  found  to  b©  necessary. 


A   Quarter- Ce7itury  Record  of  Invents.  85 


1901 

The   advent   of   the    twentieth    century  was    celebrated   with   demonstrations   throughout 
the  United   States  and   in   many   cities  of  the   Old  World   on   January   1,    1901.      Quiet   gen- 
erally   prevailed,    except    in    South    Africa,    where    the    Boer    war    raged    during    the    entire 
year,    and   in   China,    where   the   Allies   and   Chinese   frequently   met    in   armed   conflict,    as 
described  elsewhere.     At  home,    the  nation  was  inexpressibly  shocked  and  well-nigh   fren^ 
zied  by  the  assassination  of  President  McKinley  while  he  was  holding  a  reception  in  the 
Temple  of  Music  at  the  Pan-American   Exposition,   Buffalo.      The  assassin,    Leon  Czolgosz, 
fired    two    shots,    one    bullet    entering    the    President's    arm    and    the    other    perforating    his 
stomach.     The  President   survived  an  immediate   operation,   but  died  on  September  19  from 
his  wounds  at  the  home  of  John  G.   Milburn,   in  Buffalo.     Vice-President  Theodore  Roose- 
velt   took    the    oath    of    office    as    President    immediately    after    McKinley's    death.      The 
assassin  Czolgosz  was  tried  September  24,   and  was   in  nine  hours   found   guilty  and   sen- 
tenced to  death  in  the  electric  chair  during  the  week  of  October  28.     On  October  29   he 
was  electrocuted  at  Auburn  prison.      Mr.    McKinley  was   inaugurated   on  March   4  for  his 
second  term.     In  May  he  made  a  trip  to   the  Pacific  Coast  and  was  received  with  great 
enthusiasm.      Other  notable   occurrences  in  American  territory  during  the  year  were:     On 
a   trial   trip   the   torpedo-boat   Bailey   made   30.88   knots   an    horn-    January    17;    hazing   was 
abolished  at  West  Point  Military  Academy  by  an  agreement  signed  by  the  cadets  January 
19;   the  United  States  Government  surrendered  Neely,    the  alleged  postal   defaulter,    to   the 
Cuban    authorities    January    21;    the    Army    Reorganization    bill    was    signed    by    President 
McKinley   February   2;    the    centenary   of    the   installation   of   Chief    Justice    Marshall    was 
celebrated  February  4;  the  c&nteens  were  closed  by  the  War  Department  February  4;   the 
Supreme   Court   of   Michigan   held   public   franchises   to   be    taxable   February    12;    the    first 
Territorial  Legislature   of   Hawaii   began   its   session   February   20;    the   Pacific   Mail   steam- 
ship  Rio   de    Janeiro   sank   off   the    Golden    Gate,    San   Francisco,    after    striking    in    a    fog 
and  128  lives  were  lost  February  22;  the  United  States  Steel  Corporation  was  incorporated 
February  25;   the   United   States   Supreme   Court   decided   against   the   Bell   Telephone   Com- 
pany  in  the  Berliner  case  February  27;   Andrew   Carnegie  presented  $5,200,000  to  the   City 
of   New   York   for   libraries    March    13;    Aguinaldo,    the   Filipino    insurrectionary    chief,    was 
captured  by  General  Funston  in  the  Province  of  Isabella,   Luzon,   March  23;   on  the  same 
date    the    United    States    paid    Spain    for    the    islands    of    Cagayan    and    Sibutu;    President 
McKinley  received   the  Cuban   Commissioners  April   26;    the   Pan-American  Exposition   was 
formally   opened   at   Buffalo,    N.    Y.,    May   1;    it   was   closed   November   4;    civil   government 
was    established    at    Manila,    in    the    Philippines,    May    3;    Jacksonville,    Fla.,    suffered    a 
$10,000,000  fire  May  3;  Cardinal  Martinelli  was  invested  with  the  red  biretta  at  Baltimore; 
five  cadets   were   dismissed  and   six   suspended   at   West   Point   for   insubordination   May  22; 
a   decision    was    rendered   by   the    United    States    Supreme    Court    declaring    duties    collected 
prior   to  the   Porto   Rican   Tariff   law   to  be   illegal    (and  refundable),    but   the   law   itself   to 
be    constitutional,    May    7;    Senators    McLaurIn    and    Tillman    resigned    their    seats    in    the 
United  States   Senate,   but  their  resignations  were  not  accepted  by  the   Governor  of   South 
Carolina,    May  30;    the   Hall    of   Fame   at   New   York   University   was   inaugurated   May   30; 
General    Chaffee    was    appointed    Military    Governor    of    the    Philippines    June    22;    Minister 
Leishman,    of    the    United    States,    obtained    a    final    settlement    from    Turkey    of    indemnity 
claims  July  2;   the  will  of  Jacob   S.    Rogers,   of  Paterson,    N.    J.,   bequeathed   $5,000,000  to 
the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,   New  York  City,   July  5;  William  H.    Hunt  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Porto  Rico  July  23;   in  response  to  the  request  of  Rear- Admiral   the  Secretary 
of  the   Navy   ordered  a   Court   of   Inquiry  into   his   conduct   in   the    Spanish- American   war 
July  24;   Admiral    Schley  was  exonerated  fronu  all   blame  December   13;   the  new   battleship 
Maine    was    launched    at    Philadelphia    July    27;     a    general    strike    was    made    by    14,000 
employees    of   the    United    States    Steel    Corporation    August    10;    the    bi-centennial    of    Yale 
University   was   celebrated   October  20-24;    the   Isthmian   Canal    Treaty  between   the   United 
States  and  Great  Britain  was  signed  by  Secretary  Hay  and  Lord  Pauncefote  November  8; 
the    South   Carolina   and  West   Indian   Exposition   at    Charleston,    S.    C,    was   opened    with 
religious  ceremonies  December  1. 

Abroad,  in  1901,  the  noteworthy  events  were:  Lord  Roberts  was  made  Earl  and 
Knight  of  the  Garter  by  Queen  Mctoria  January  2,  and  was  received  in  London  with 
royal   honors   the   following  day;   tho   Kingdom   of   Prus'ia  celebrated  its  bi-centenary  Jan- 


SQ  A   Quarter-Century  Record  of  Mvents, 


uarj'  17;  Queen  Victoria  died  at  Osborne  House,  Isle  of  Wight.  January  22.  and  King 
Edward  \TI.  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Emperor  of  India,  was  proclaimed  January  24; 
after  many  honors,  the  final  ceremonies  of  the  entombment  of  Queen  Victoria  were  held 
at  Frogmore  Mausoleum,  Windsor,  February  4;  Queen  Wilhelmina  of  Holland  wedded 
Duke  Henrj'  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin  February  7;  the  Italian  Ministry  resigned  Feb- 
ruan,-.  and  the  Zanardelli  ministry  was  formed  February  14;  General  Weyler,  as  Captain- 
General,  proclaimed  martial  law  in  Madrid  February  1.3;  King  Edward  VII,  opened  Parlia- 
ment February  14;  Russia  retaliated  on  the  advance  of  the  I'nited  States  duty  on  Russian 
beet  sugar  by  adopting  additional  duties  on  certain  American  goods  February  16;  the 
Cuban  Constitution  was  signed  by  the  delegates  in  the  convention  at  Havana  February 
21;  Count  Tolstoi  was  excommunicated  by  the  Orthodox  Greek  Church  March  9;  Great 
Britain  declined  to  accept  the  Senate  amendments  to  the  Hay-Pauncefote  treaty  March 
11;  the  Spanish  Cabinet  approved  of  a  treaty  of  friendship  with  the  United  States  April  3; 
the  Glasgow  International  Exposition  was  opened  May  2;  a  protest  was  made  by  foreigTi 
representatives  at  Constantinople  against  the  alleged  tampering  with  the  malls  by  the 
Porte  May  8;  the  British  Government  pardoned  Arabi  Pacha,  the  Egyptian  rebel,  May  22; 
Bresci,  the  assassin  of  King  Humbert  of  Italy,  committed  suicide  at  San  Stefano  prison, 
Rome,  May  22;  a  volcanic  eruption  at  Keloet,  Japan,  caused  great  loss  of  life  May  23; 
the  franchise  was  conferi-ed  on  women  taxpayers  by  the  Norwegian  Parliament  May  25; 
Scotch  universities  received  a  gift  of  $10,000,000  in  steel  bonds  from  Andrew  Carnegie 
June  7;  a  monument  to  Commodore  Matthew  C.  Perry,  U.  S.  N.,  was  unveiled  at  Kuri- 
hama,  Japan,  June  14;  the  Arctic  exploring  expedition  of  Baldwin  and  Ziegler  sailed 
from  Tromso,  Norway,  July  17;  the  British  House  of  Lords  arraigned  and  sentenced  Earl 
Russell  to  three  months'  imprisonment,  on  his  pleading  guilty  to  a  charge  of  bigamy, 
July  18;  the  International  Tuberculosis  Congress  was  opened  in  London  July  22;  Dr. 
Snering  Berson,  of  Berlin,  Germany,  made  a  balloon  ascension  of  33,500  feet  August  1; 
France  and  Turkey  severed  diplomatic  relations  owing  to  differences  over  quay  conces- 
sions August  21;  the  release  of  Miss  Ellen  M.  Stone,  an  American  missionary,  and  her 
companion,  captured  by  brigands  in  Bulgaria,  was  ordered  by  the  Sultan;  she  was  still  In 
imprisonment,  waiting  to  be  ransomed,  at  the  close  of  the  year,  although  $50,000  was 
raised  in  the  United  States  in  October  to  pay  the  ransom;  the  steamer  Erik  brought 
news  to  North  Sydney,  Cape  Breton  Island,  of  Lieutenant  Peary's  Arctic  discoveries  Sep- 
tember 13;  the  British  torpedo-boat  Cobra  buckled  and  sank  off  the  Lincolnshire  coast  and 
carried  down  sixty-seven  men  September  19;  the  statue  of  King  Alfred  the  Great  was 
unveiled  by  Lord  Rosebery  at  Winchester,  England,  during  the  millenary  celebration  Sep- 
tember 20;  the  King  Alfred,  the  largest  cruiser  in  the  world,  was  launched  in  England 
October  28;  the  French  fleet  seized  three  Turkish  ports,  which  were  held  until  the  Porte 
settled  the  French  claims,  November  5;  the  Colombian  Liberal  troops  surrendered  at 
Colon  November  28. 

1902 

The  strenuous  career  of  President  Roosevelt  was  well  under  way  when  1902  opened. 
On  January  20  he  sent  to  Congi-ess  the  report  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission,  recom- 
mending the  'purchase  of  the  Panama  Canal  Company  rights  for  $40,000,000.  On 
February  19  he  refused  to  reopen  the  Sampson-Schley  controversy.  On  July  4 
he  issued  orders  establishing  civil  government  in  the  Philippines  and  granting  amnesty 
for  political  prisoners.  On  September  3  he  narrowly  escaped  being  killed  near  Pittsfield, 
Mass.,  his  coach  being  struck  by  a  trolley  car;  the  President  was  slightly  injured,  and 
Secret  Service  Agent  Craig  was  killed.  On  October  16  he  appointed  a  commission  to 
investigate  and  settle  questions  involved  in  the  coal  strike.  It  was  in  1902  that  the  ques- 
tion of  the  annexation  of  the  Danish  West  Indian  islands  of  St.  Thomas,  St.  Johns  and 
St.  Croix  to  the  United  States  aroused  international  attention.  A  treaty  with  Denmark 
for  the  purchase  of  these  islands  was  ratified  by  the  United  States  Senate  February  17, 
after  a  plebiscite  showed  a  large  majority  of  the  islands  to  be  in  favor  of  annexation.  The 
Danish  L'^pper  House,  however,  on  October  2.  refused,  by  one  majority,  to  cede  the  islands 
to  the  United  States.  Other  events  of  special  interest  in  the  United  States  were:  T'hje 
visit  of  Prince  Henry  of  Prussia  February  23-March  11  to  attend  the  launching  of  Emperor 
William's  yacht  Meteor,  which  was  christened  by  Miss  Alice  Roosevelt,  the  President's 
daughter,  at  ShootfT'R  I  jland.   New  York  Bay,   February  25;   the  provisions  of  the  will  of 


.1    Quarter- Century  llccord  of  Events.  87 

■l  ■  ■'  ■        ■    ■   .  — — ~ '  ~~ 

Cecil  Rhodes  relatingr  to  scholarships  for  American  and  German  students  at  Oxford  were 
made  public  April  4;  a  great  strike  of  anthracite  coal  workers  in  the  Pennsylvania  region 
begun  May  12;  the  Rochambeau  Statue  was  dedicated  at  Washington,  D.  C,  a  delegation 
of  French  notables  being  present,  May  24;  three  days  later  the  Rochambeau  delegation 
from  France  was  received  in  New  York  by  a  great  military  parade  and  dined  with  the 
Society  of  the  Cincinnati;  th«  celebration  of  the  centennial  anniversary  of  West  Point 
Academy  was  begun  June  9;  the  Vatican  answered  the  note  of  Governor  Taft  concerning 
the  friars  in  the  Philippines  July  9,  and  negotiations  between  the  Vaticar  and  the  United 
States,  Government  in  regard  to  the  question  were  abandoned,  the  Pope  being  unable  to 
consider  the  sale  of  friars'  lands,  July  16;  troops  were  ordered  out  to  put  down  rioting  at 
Shenandoah,  Pa.,  among  anthracite  coal  miners  July  30;  United  States  naval  manoeuvres 
off  the  New  England  coast  began  and  continued  three  weeks  August  20;  McKinley  memor- 
ial ser\-ices  were  held  in  many  places  throughout  the  United  States  September  14;  Speaker 
Henderson  refused  to  accept  renomination  to  Congress  because  he  disagreed  with  his  con- 
stituents on  the  tariff  question  September  16;  Secretary  Hay  addressed  a  note  to  the 
Powers  signatory  to  the  Berlin  treaty,  urging  relief  for  the  Roumanian  Jews,  September  17; 
Lieutenant  Peary,  American  Arctic  explorer,  arrived  at  Sydney,  C.  B.,  having  penetrated 
as  far  north  as  84°  17',  northwest  of  Cape  Hecla;  a  stampede  at  the  National  Negro  Bap- 
tist Convention  at  Birmingham,  Ala.,  resulted  in  the  death  of  more  than  \h\,  persons 
September  19;  Admiral  Casey  refused  to  permit  the  transportation  of  soldiers  across  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  the  Colombian  Government  formally  protested  against  his  action 
October  10;  the  decision  of  The  Hague  tribunal  in  the  Pious  Fund  case,  adverse  to  Mexico 
and  in  favor  of  the  United  States,  was  announced  October  14;  the  great  strike  in  the 
Pennsylvania  coal  region  was  declared  off  October  21;  the  Samoan  controversy  was  decided 
adversely  to  the  United  States  by  King  Oscar  of  Sweden  and  in  favor  of  Germany  October 
21;  Wu  Ting-fang,  Chinesa  Minister  at  Washington,  was  recalled  October  27;  the  reci- 
procity treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Newfoundland  was  signed  November  8;  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court  denied  a  petition  for  an  injunction  against  the  State  Board 
of  Canvassers  of  Virginia  on  behalf  of  negroes  disfranchised  by  the  new  State  Constitution 
November  29;  the  United  States  Navy  manoeuvres  in  the  Caribbean  resulted  in  the  success 
of  the  "White  Squadron"  representing  the  enemy  December  9.  The  Venezuelan  Govern- 
ment appealed,  through  the  United  States,  for  arbitration  of  European  claims  December 
15.  This  was  the  result  of  several  warlike  incidents  in  Venezuela.  On  November  4  a 
revolution  ended.  General  Mendoza  having  been  defeated  with  a  loss  of  3,100  killed  and 
wounded,  and  President  Castro  re-entered  Caracas  November  10  and  issued  a  bomljastic 
proclamation.  On  November  26  England  and  Germany  united  to  press  their  claims  against 
the  republic,  and  presented  an  ultimatum  on  December  9,  seizing  the  Venezuelan  fleet 
the  same  day.  On  December  10  the  British  and  German  fleets  landed  marines  at  La 
Guayra,  Venezuela,  and  seized  the  custom  house.  On  December  14  the  same  fleets  bom- 
barded and  demolished  a  Venezuelan  fort  at  Puerto  Cabello. 

One  of  the  most  terrible  disasters  in  the  world's  history  marked  1902,  when,  on  May  7, 
an  eruption  of  Mont  La  Soufriere,  St.  Vincent,  British  West  Indies,  destroyed  2.000  lives 
and  laid  two-thirds  of  the  island  in  waste.  The  next  day,  early  in  the  morning,  Mont 
Pelee,  Martinique,  destroyed  the  city  of  St,  Pierre,  with  30,000  people.  All  civilization 
shuddered  at  the  tragedy,  and  the  United  States  was  the  first  to  afford  relief.  A  second 
violent  eruption  of  Mont  Pelee,  August  30-September  4,  killed  2,000  more  persons  in  a 
vicinity  not  devastated  by  the  first  great  outbreak  of  the  volcano. 

Other  events  abroad  were:  The  Emperor  and  Empress  Dowager  of  China  re-entered 
Peking  January  7;  a  British-Japanese  alliance  to  preserve  the  integrity  of  China  and 
Korea  was  announced  February  12;  about  2,000  persons  were  killed  by  an  earthquake 
around  Shamaka,  Trans-Caucasia,  February  16;  rioting  in  Barcelona,  Spain,  led  to  the 
killing  of  500  people  February  20;  Miss  Ellen  M.  Stone  and  her  companion,  Mme.  Tsilka. 
were  released  by  the  Macedonian  brigands  February  23;  a  five  days'  celebration  of  the 
centenary  of  Victor  Hugo's  birth  was  begun  in  Paris  February  26;  a  convention  was  signed 
at  Peking  between  China  and  Russia,  the  latter  agreeing  to  evacuate  Manchuria,  April  8; 
revolutionises  in  Santo  Domingo  deposed  President  Jimenez  May  5;  the  first  Congress  of 
the  Cuban  Republic  met  in  Havana  May  5;  the  coronation  of  King  Alfonso  of  Spain  took 
place  at  Madrid  May  17;  Tomas  Estrada  Pal  ma  was  Inaugurated  as  first  President  of 
Cuba   May  20;    Waldeck-Rousseau,    Premier   of  France,    resigned   May   23,    and    M.    Combes 


88  A   Quarter '•Century  Record  of  Events. 

formed  a  new  French  Ministry  June  6;  Lord  Kitchener  announced  that  a  peace  treaty  had 
been  signed  between  England  and  the  Boers  May  21;  King  Edward  VI T  submitted  to  an 
operation  for  appendicitis  June  24,  and  the  coronation,  set  for  June  26,  was  postponed, 
finally  taking  place  August  9,  when  he,  with  Queen  Alexandra,  were  crowned  in  West- 
minster Abbey;  General  Kitchener  received  a  hearty  welcome  on  his  return  to  England 
after  the  Boer  war  and  was  decorated  with  the  new  Order  ot  Merit  by  the  King  July  12; 
the  famous  Campanile  ai  Venice,  Italy,  fell  July  14;  the  Marquis  of  Salisburj  resigned  as 
Premier  of  England,  and  Arthur  J.  Balfour  succeeded  him,  July  14;  a  decree  for  closing 
certain  religious  schools  was  signed  by  President  Loubet,  and  there  was  great  exiiitement 
throughout  France,  July  25,  followed  by  Socialist  demonstrations  in  Paris  August  3,  in 
support  of  the  Government's  attitude  on  the  school  question;  the  Boer  Generals  Botha, 
DeWet  and  Delarey  received  a  cordial  welcome  in  England  August  16;  the  German  gun- 
boat Panther  sank  the  Haytian  gunboat  Crete-a-Pierrot,  flagship  of  Admiral  Killickj  who 
went  down  with  his  ship  September  7;  Captain  Sverdrup,  Arctic  explorer,  returned  to 
Christiana,  Norway,  in  his  vessel,  the  Fram,  September  28,  Zola,  the  novelist,  died  by 
accidental  asphyxiation  in  Paris  September  29;  a  typhoon  at  Yokohama,  Japan,  drove  a 
battleship  ashore  and  cost  500  lives  September  29;  the  Canadian- Australian  cable  was 
completed  from  Vancouver  to  Fanning  Island,  a  distance  of  3,455  miles,  October  6;  French 
coal  miners,  to  the  number  of  25,000,  went  out  on  strike  October  6;  the  French  Chamber 
of  Deputies  sustained  the  ministry  on  the  question  of  the  enforcement  of  the  associations 
law  October  17;  General  Uribe-Uribe,  leader  of  the  insurgents  in  Colombia,  surrendered 
to  the  Government  October  28;  about  1,600  Doukbouhors  marched  into  Yorktown,  North- 
west Territory,  Canada,  demanding  food  October  28;  the  volcano  Santa  Maria,  in  Guate- 
mala, was  active  and  a  large  district  was  disturbed  October  30;  an  attempt  upon  the  life 
of  King  Leopold  of  Belgium  was  unsuccessful  November  15;  the  reputed  ashes  of  Christo- 
pher Columbus  were  deposited  in  a  special  mausoleum  in  the  cathedral  of  Seville,  Spain. 
November  17;  the  civil  war  in  Colombia  was  ended  by  the  signing  of  a  treaty  of  peace 
between  the  Government  and  the  insurgents  November  22;  labor  riots  in  Havana  resulted 
in  the  killing  of  two  strikers  and  in  the  injury  of  eighty-two  other  persons  November  24; 
Joseph  Chamberlain.  British  Colonial  Minister,  started  on  an  official  visit  to  South  Africa 
November  25;  the  Assouan  Dam,  on  the  Nile,  in  Egypt,  was  opened  December  8. 

THE    BOER    WAR. 

The  reinforcing  of  the  British  troops  in  South  Africa  along  the  borders  of  the  Trans- 
vaal Republic,  together  with  differences  on  the  franchise  question,  coupled  with  grim 
recollections  of  former  armed  clashes  between  Great  Britain  and  the  sturdy,  patriotic 
Boers,  all  tended  to  hasten  the  conflict  of  1899-1900,  one  of  the  most  sanguinary  in  the 
world's  history.  As  an  effort  to  avert  war  a  conference  was  held  May  31,  1899,  between 
Sir  Alfred  Milner,  Governor  of  Cape  Colony,  and  the  Presidents  of  the  Dutch  Republics 
at  Bloemfontein,  in  which  terms  for  the  adjustment  of  the  claims  of  the  Outlanders  were 
discussed,  but  no  agreement  was  reached.  Between  June  1  and  October  10  negotiations 
proceeded  between  the  governments  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Transvaal,  while  the  Legisla- 
ture of  the  latter  adopted  franchise  laws  which  were  not  acceptable  to  Great  Britain.  In 
the  meantime  both  countries  made  energetic  preparations  for  war,  and  the.  Orange  Free 
State  announced   that   in   case   of   hostilities   it   would   support   the   Transvaal. 

On  October  10  the  Transvaal  sent  to  the  British  Government  an  ultimatum  demanding: 
That  all  points  of  mutual  difference  be  regulated  by  friendly  recourse  to  arbitration  or 
by  whatever  amicable  way  might  be  agreed  upon  by  the  governments  concerned;  that 
all  Britisn  troops  on  the  border  of  the  Transvaal  Republic  should  be  instantly  withdrawn; 
that  Great  Britain  should  withdraw  all  reinforcements  of  troops  landed  in  South  Africa 
since  June  1,  1809.  with  assurance  that  during  further  negotiation  the  Republic  would 
not  attack  any  British  possessions,  and  that  upon  compliance  with  the  ultimatum  the 
Republic  would  be  prepared  to  withdraw  from  the  borders  the  armed  burghers  of  the 
Transvaal;  that  the  British  troops  then  on  the  high  seas  should  not  be  landea  in  any  part 
of  Africa;  that  an  answer  to  the  ultimatum  be  "eceived  by  the  Republic  not  later  than  5 
o'clock  P.  M.  on  October  11;  that  an  urisatlsfactory  answer  would  be  regarded  by  the 
Republic  as  a  formal  declaration  of  war  by  Great  Britain,  as  would  also  be  a  further 
movement  of  British  troops  in  a  nearer  direction  to  the  Republic's  borders.  ^ 

On  October  12,    1899,   the  reply  of  the  British  having  been   unsatisfactory,   the  TranS- 


A   Quarter- Century  Mecord  of  Events.  89 

vaal  Boers  invaded  Natal,  advancing  toward  Newcastle,  which  was  defended  by  the 
British  Generals  White  and  Symons.  The  British  evacuated  Newcastle  and  fell  back  on 
Ladysmith,  where,  on  October  13,  there  was  a  strong  British  force.  On  October  20  the 
Boers  begun  the  siege  of  Kimberley,  and  on  the  same  day  in  Natal  was  fought  the  battle 
of  Dundee,  in  which  the  British  repulsed  the  Boers,  suffering  a  loss  of  215  in  killer  and 
wounded.  On  October  1  General  French  captured  the  Boers'  position  at  Elandslaagte 
after  a  hard  battle,  with  a  British  loss  of  257  killed  and  wounded.  General  White  repulsed 
a  Free  State  force  at  Rietfontein,  near  Ladysmith,  October  24.  Five  days  later  the  Boers 
began  the  siege  of  Ladysmith.  On  October  30,  in  a  sortie  near  Ladysmith,  the  British 
were  entrapped  and  defeated,  and  the  Boers  captured  870  prisoners.  Communication  with 
Ladysmith  was  cut  off  by  the  Boers  on  November  2,  and  the  next  day  the  British  evac- 
uated Colenso,  in  Nat-al.  The  Boers  shelled  Mafeking  November  6,  but  were  repulsed  in 
an  attack  on  the  British  position.  The  first  British  transport  carrying  reinforcements 
reached  Cape  Town  on  November  9  and  proceeded  to  Durban.  The  Boers  wrecked  a 
British  armored  train  near  Eastcourt,  Natal,  on  November  16,  capturing  fifty-six  prisoners, 
including  Winston  Churchill.  On  November  23,  near  Gras  Pan,  Lord  Methuen  attacked 
the  Boers  and  drove  them  from  their  position,  and  on  November  26  the  British  won  a 
sanguinary  victory  at  Modder  River.  A  series  of  Boer  successes  then  followed.  On 
December  10  the  British,  under  General  Gatacre,  were  led  into  a  Boer  ambuscade  near 
Stormberg  Junction  and  lost  1,000  men,  including  672  captured,  while  on  the  same  and 
following  day  Lord  Methuen  failed  to  take  the  Boer  position  at  Spytfontein  after  desperate 
fighting  and  heavy  losses.  General  Wauchope  being  killed.  On  December  15  General 
Buller  was  severely  defeated  while  attempting  to  force  the  Tugela  River,  near  Colenso, 
he  losing  1,000  men  and  eleven  guns.  The  British  losses  to  this  date  were  7,630  men 
killed,  wounded  and  missing,  and  the  attention  of  the  civilized  world  was  riveted  upon  the 
war.  After  Buller's  signal  defeat  Field  Marshal  Lord  Roberts  was  ordered,  December  18, 
to  South  Africa,  to  take  command  of  military  operations,  with  Lord  Kitchener  as  chief 
of  staff,  and  with  a  reinforcement  of  100,000  men. 

General  French  captured  Colesburg  on  New  Year's  day,  1900.  On  January  6  Roberts 
and  Kitchener  arrived  in  South  Africa,  and  on  the  same  date  the  Boers  were  repulsed 
with  heavy  loss  in  an  attack  on  Ladysmith.  On  January  23-25  occurred  some  of  the  most 
desperate  and  famous  fighting  of  the  war,  when  a  British  storming  party  under  General 
Warren  captured  Spion  Kop,  but,  after  heavy  losses,  withdrew.  General  Buller  made  a 
third  attempt  to  relieve  Ladysmith,  but  failed,  February  9,  and  Lord  Roberts  began  an 
Invasion  of  the  Orange  Free  State  on  February  12.  General  French  relieved  Kimberley  on 
February  15.  On  February  22-27  there  was  severe  fighting  between  Roberts  and  Cronje, 
terminating  with  the  capitulation  of  the  latter,  with  4,600  men  and  six  guns.  Lord  Dun- 
donald  entered  Ladysmith  on  February  28,  and  General  Gatacre  occupied  Stormberg  on 
March  5.  On  March  7  Lord  Roberts  turned  the  Boer  position  near  Modder  River  and 
advanced  triumphantly  on  Bloemfontein,  capital  of  the  Orange  Free  State,  which  sur- 
rendered to  the  British  on  March  13.  The  Boer  Commander-in-Chief,  General  Joubert, 
died  on  March  27,  and  Colonel  de  Villebois  Mareuil,  French  officer  with  the  Boers,  was 
killed  In  a  skirmish  on  April  5.  General  Cronje  and  the  other  Boer  prisoners  were  sent 
to  St.  Helena,  where  they  arrived  April  14,  and  the  demoralization  of  the  Boers  seem- 
ingly begun.  On  April  20  Mr.  Pettigrew,  in  the  United  States  Senate,  introduced  a  reso- 
lution of  sympathy  with  the  Boers,  but  it  was  voted  down,  29  to  20.  On  May  3  Lord 
Roberts  began  his  advance  on  Pretoria. 

The  Boers  now  turned  to  the  United  States  and  Europe  for  intervention.  Consul  Hay, 
on  May  10,  sent  to  Washington  from  Pretoria  a  telegram  stating  that  he  was  officially 
requested  by  the"  governments  of  the  republics  to  urg-e  intervention  by  the  United  States 
with  a  view  to  the  cessation  of  hostilities.  The  same  request  was  made  to  representatives 
of  the  European  Powers.  President  McKinley  directed  Secretary  of  State  Hay  to  convey 
to  the  British  Government  the  substance  of  Consul  Hay's  telegram,  expressing  the  earnest 
hope  that  a  way  to  bring  about  peace  might  be  found,  and  to  say  that  the  President  would 
be  glad  to  aid  in  any  friendly  manner  the  promotion  of  so  happy  an  end.  The  Transvaal 
Government  was  at  the  same  time  informed  of  President  McKinley's  action  in  the  matter. 
Lord  Salisbury  replied  to  Secretary  Hay  thanking  the  President  for  the  friendly  Interest 
shown  by  him,  but  added  that  Her  Majesty's  Government  could  not  accept  the  intervention 
of   any   Power.      Through    Consul    Hay    at    Pretoria    this    communication    was    immediately 


90  A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  HJveiits. 

transmitted  to  President  Kruger,  of  the  South  African  Republic  The  United  States,  so 
far  as  Secretary  Hay  was  Informed,  was  the  only  Government  In  the  world  of  all  those 
approached  by  the  South  African  Republic  which  tendered  its  good  offices  to  either  of 
the  combatants  in  the  interest   of  the  cessation  of  hostilities. 

Thus  the  war  continued.  On  May  10  the  British  crossed  the  Zand  River  and  occu- 
pied Kroonstad,  and  on  May  15  General  Duller  occupied  Dundee.  The  Boer  envoys  to  the 
T'nited  States  reached  New  York  on  May  16,  the  day  that  Mafeklng  was  relieved,  after  a 
siege  of  217  days.  President  McKinley  received  the  envoys  unofficially,  but  they  were 
officially  informed  by  Secretary  of  State  Hay  that  the  United  States  could  not  intervene 
in  the  war.  The  end  of  the  struggle  was  not  yet,  however,  in  sight.  On  May  28  Lord 
Roberts  proclaimed  the  annexation  of  the  Orange  Free  State  to  the  British  Empire.  The 
British  entered  Johannesburg  on  May  SO.  and  on  the  same  day  President  Kruger  retired 
from  Pretoria,  which  city  surrendered  on  June  5  to  the  British  army.  General  Prinsloo  and 
3,343  Boers  surrendered  at  Naauwpoort,  and  Harrismlth  surrendered  to  General  Macdonald 
on  August  4.  Several  conspirators  against  the  life  of  Lord  Roberts  were  tried  at  Pre- 
toria August  17,  and  their  leader  was  executed.  Machadodorp,  Kruger's  new  capital,  was 
occupied  by  General  Buller  August  28.  On  September  1  the  Transvaal  was  proclaimed  a 
part  of  the  British  Empire  by  Lord  Roberts.  Guerilla  warfare,  which  had  begun  July  1, 
was  now  general  in  the  Transvaal,  and  the  Boer  Generals  DeWet  and  Botha  continued  to 
harass  the  British  by  sporadic  raids.  Ex-President  Kruger,  abandoning  the  Transvaal, 
began  his  journey  to  Europe  September  12.  He  arrived  at  Marseilles  on  November  22  and 
had  an  ovation  from  the  French  people,  the  demonstrations  of  welcome  continuing  through 
his  journey  to  Paris,  while  the  National  French  Assembly  adopted  resolutions  of  sympathy. 
On  November  30  the  supreme  military  command  in  South  Africa  was  turned  over  to  Lord 
Kitchener  by  Lord  Roberts,  who  departed  for  home,  sailing  for  England  from  Cape  Town 
on  December  12.  In  the  meantime  the  German  Government  intimated  to  Mr.  Kruger  on 
December  1  that  a  visit  by  him  to  Berlin  would  be  Inopportune.  Queen  Wilhelmina  of 
the  Netherlands,  on  the  contrary,  welcomed  Mr.  Kruger  at  a  dinner  on  December  15.  The 
British  met  with  a  severe  reverse  at  Nooltgedacht  December  13,  Colonel  Legge  being 
killed.  On  December  14  Sir  Alfred  Milner  was  appointed  Administrator  of  the  Orange 
River  and  Transvaal  colonies,  and  the  year  closed  with  both  sides  grimly  determined  to 
continue  the  terrible  warfare  to  a  definite  conclusion. 

A  YEAR   OF  DEADLY   STRUGGLE. 

The   first    battle    of   1901    was   at    Lindley.    Orange    River   Colony,    where    forty   British 

officers   and   men  were   killed   or   wounded.      On   January  7   the   British   position   along  Del- 

agoa  Bay  Railway  was  unsuccessful!!^'  attacked  by  the  Boers,   who  were  also  driven  back 

on   January   17   near   Standerton,    when  they  attacked   a  British   column   under   General   Col- 

ville.     On  January  18  New  Zealand  troops  and  Bushmen,   under  Colonel   Gray,    routed   800 

Boers  near  Veutersburg.      On   January  30  the   Bloemfontein-Ladybrand   line  was   crossed  by 

DeWet   near   Israel's   Poort.    and    the   Boers   captured   the   British   post   at   Modderfontein,    In 

the   Transvaal,    on    February   3.    at    about    which    time    the    British    War    Office    decided    to 

reinforce    Kitchener    with    30,000    additional    mounted    troops       General    Smith-Dorrien    was 

attacked   by   Louis   Botha   with  2.000  men   at   Orange   Camp   February   6,   but   repulsed   him. 

On   the   same   date   the   Boers   cut   the   Delagoa    Bay   Railroad,    near   Lorenzo   Marqu&s;    ten 

days   later   DeWet   crossed   the   railroad   at    Bariman's    Siding   and    was   engaged   by   Crabbe 

and    an    armored    train,    and    on    February    10    the    Boers   blew   up    a    supply    train    at    Clip 

River.      Four    severe    Boer   reverses    then    followed    in    quick    succession.      The    Boers.    5.000 

strong,   were  defeated  by  General   French   at  Plet  Retief  February  22;   DeWet's  force  was 

scattered    by    Colonel    Plummer    at    Dlsselfontein,    Orange    River,    February    23;     General 

French   captured   300  Boers,    ammunition,    cattle   and   supplies   at  Middleburg   February  26; 

Lord  Kitchener  drove  DeWet  north  of  the  Orange  River,  with  a  loss  of  280  men  captured. 

March   1.     Lord   Kitchener  then   granted   General   Botha   a  seven   days'   armistice   to   make 

communication   with   other   Boer   leaders,    after   which    truce   hostilities   were   resumed.      The 

Boers   captured   a   British   supply  train   near  Viaklaagte   March   22.   but  were  defeated   three 

days   later  near   Vryheid  by  General  French.     On   March  27  Fourie's  commando  and   Bruce 


A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Ecethts.  9l 


Hamilton's  command  held  a  running  fight  for  twenty  miles.  CoBimandants  Prinsloo  and 
Englebrecht  surrendered  to  the  British  March  30,  and  the  Bl«itish  rcoccupied  Pietersburg 
on  April  0,  on  which  date  the  Boers  captui-ed  seventy-five  men  of  the  Fifth  Infantry  and 
Imperial  Yeomanry.  General  Botha,  on  April  10,  renewed  negotiations  for  peace.  Sir 
Alfred  Milner,  returning  home  from  South  Africa,  was  received  by  the  King  and  created 
a  peer  May  21.  The  Boers,  again  for  a  time,  rejoiced  over  successes.  They  attacked  and 
partially  destroyed  the  convoy  of  General  Plummer's  column  May  2u;  captured  a  British 
post  of  forty-one  men  near  Maraisburg  May  27,  and  attacked  General  Dixon  s  ^"''e^^^  «« 
the  Seventh  Yeomanry  near  Vlakfontein  May  20.  causing  a  heavy  British  loss^  On  June 
3  an  attack  by  700  Boers  under  Scheeper  upon  WiUomore,  Cape  Colony,  NNas  repulsed 
after  a  nine  hours'  fight.  The  British  and  Boers  lost  heavily  in  an  engagement  between 
Ellitvt  and  DeWet  near  Reitz  June  6,  and  on  the  same  day  Colonel  Wilson,  with  240  men, 
routed  400  Boers  under  Bever  near  Warm  Baths.  The  Boers  captured  200  members  of 
the  Victoria  Mounted  Rifles  at  Steenkoolsprint  June  12,  and  the  Midland  Mounted  Rifles 
were  overpowered  by  Commandant  Malan  at  Waterkloof  June  20; 

President  Schalk-Burger,  of  the  South  African  Republic,  and  President  Steyn,  of 
Grange  Free  State,  issued  a  proclamation  for  '"no  peace  without  independence"  June  20, 
and  on  August  7  Lord  Kitchener  issued  a  proclamation  of  banishment  against  all  Boers 
in  South  Africa  not  surrendering  by  September  15.  In  the  meantime  General  B«nson 
repulsed  the  Boers  in  a  mountain  pass  near  Dullstroem,  and,  though  the  inevitable  end  of 
the  warfare  was  becoming  daily  more  apparent,  fighting  was  continued.  Fifty  of  General 
French's  scouts  were  captured  in  Cape  Colony  August  IG;  three  officers  and  sixty-five 
British  north  of  Ladybrand  were  captured  August  21;  the  Boers  attacked  a  convoy  near 
Kooipopje  and  killed  nine  men  of  the  Seventy-fourth  Yeomanry,  wounding  twenty-three, 
on  August  24;  Colonel  Vandeleur  and  nine  men  were  killed  and  seventeen  wounded  by 
the  blowing  up  of  a  train, in  the  Transvaal  August  31;  Von  Tonder  and  Delarey  engaged 
General  Methuen  in  the  Great  Maries  valley  September  8.  Then,  on  September  16,  the 
British  troops  captured  Letter's  entire  command  south  of  Pietersburg,  and  on  the  following 
day  the  Boers  partially  evened  matters  by  ambushing  and  capturing  three  companies  of 
British  mounted  infantry  under  Major  Gough  near  Scheeper's  Nek.  and  also  by  capturing 
a  company  of  mounted  British  infantry  and  two  guns  at  Vlakfontein  September  20.  Two 
Boer  commandos  w^ere  captured  September  21  near  Adenburg,  and  Col.  the  Hon.  A.  Murray 
and  Captain  Murray,  his  adjutant,  were  killed  in  a  fight  with  Krintzsinger,  who  crossed 
the  Orange  River.  On  September  29  Commandant  Delarey  attacked  Colonel  Kekewich's 
camp  at  Moedwill,  with  loss  on  both  sides. 

THE    APPROACH   OF    THE   INEVITABLE    END. 

Martial  law  was  declared  throughout  Cape  Colony  on  October  9.  The  following  day 
Gen.  Sir  Redvers  Buller  admitted  in  a  speech  that  he  advised  the  surrender  .of  Ladysmith 
and  was  severely  criticised  for  his  utterances.  Commander  Scheeper  was  captured  October 
12,  and  Captain  Bellew  and  four  others  were  killed  in  a  fight  October  16  at  Twenty-four 
Streams.  On  November  1.  in  a  heavy  Boer  attack  on  Colonel  Benson's  column  near  Brak- 
enlaagte,  the  British  lost  25  officers  and  214  men  in  killed  and  wounded.  During  the  next 
sixty  days  numerous  small  skirmishes  were  reported,  but  the  year  closed  with  all  signs 
pointing  to  the  early  conclusions  of  peace. 

During  the  first  three  months  of  1002  the  war  was  more  or  less  of  a  desultory  char- 
acter, negotiations  for  peace  between  the  Boer  leaders  and  the  British  Government  begin- 
ning  on  March  23,  the  latest  notable  Boer  accomplishment  having  been  the  capture  of 
General  Methuen  and  200  men,  41  British  being  killed,  on  March  11.  On  March  23  Acting 
President  Schalk-Burger,  Mr.  Reitz,  former  Secretary  of  State  of  the  South  African  Repub- 
lic, and  Commandant  Lucas  Meyer  applied  to  Lord  Kitchener  at  Pretoria  for  a  safe  con- 
duct to  the  Orange  River  Colony  with  the  view  of  discussing  terms  of  peace  with  the 
Boer  generals  in  the  field.  On  April  9  Mr.  Steyn  and  Generals  Delarey  and  DeWet  entered 
Klerksdorp  with  a  flag  of  truce  and  met  Mr.  Schalk-Burger  and  his  party,  and  Gen.  Louis 
Botha,  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Boer  forces.  These  leaders,  in  conference,  determined 
to  submit  to  the  burghers  in  the  field  the  question  of  a  cessation  of  hostilities,   and  by 


92  A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events. 

this  method  learned  that  the  fighting  Boers  were  for  peace.  Formal  negotiations  were 
opened  with  the  British  Government  through  Lord  Kitchener.  On  June  2,  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  was  announced  by  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury  A.  J.  Balfour,  the  following 
British  terms   of  peace: 

The  burgher  forces  in  the  field  to  forthwith  surrender  all  their  arms  and  ammunition 
of  war,  desist  from  further  resistance,  and  acknowledge  King  Edward  VII.  as  their  lawful 
sovereign;  all  burghers  outside  the  limits  of  the  Transvaal  and  Orange  River  Colony,  and 
all  prisoners  of  war  who  are  burghers,  outside  of  South  Africa,  to  be  brought  back  to  their 
homes,  suffering  no  loss  of  personal  liberty  or  property,  as  soon  as  transportation  and 
subslstance  can  be  assured;  no  proceedings,  civil  or  criminal,  to  be  taken  against  sur- 
rendering burghers  for  any  acts  in  connection  with  the  prosecution  of  the  war.  Great 
Britain  retaining  the  right  to  try  by  court-martial  persons  guilty  of  violating  the  usages 
of  war;  the  Dutch  language  to  be  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  the  Transvaal  and  Orange 
River  Colony,  where  the  parents  desire  it,  and  its  use  permitted  in  the  courts  of  law  for 
the  better  and  more  effectual  administration  of  justice;  the  use  of  rifles  to  be  allowed  in 
the  Transvaal  and  Orange  River  Colony,  by  license,  by  persons  requiring  their  protection; 
civil  government  in  the  Transvaal  and  Orange  River  Colony  to  succeed  military  adminis- 
tration as  soon  as  possible,  and  the  establishing  of  representative  institutions  leading  up 
to  self-government;  the  question  of  granting  franchise  to  the  natives  to  be  decided  after 
the  granting  of  self-government;  no  special  tax  to  be  imposed  on  landed  property  in  the 
Transvaal  or  Orange  River  Colony  to  defray  the  expense  of  the  war;  the  assisting,  by  the 
British  Government,  in  the  restoration  of  the  people  to  their  homes  and  resumption  of 
their  normal  occupations  by  a  British  loan  of  £3,000,000  ($15,000,000)  free  of  interest  for 
two  years,  and  afterward  repayable  over  a  period  of  years,  with  3  per  cent,  interest,  such 
loans  to  be  made  through  a  commission,  in  which  each  district  of  the  Transvaal  and 
Orange  River  Colony  shall  be  represented;  the  British  Government  to  indemnify  holders 
of  the  South  African  Republic's  notes  of  1900,  considering  such  notes  as  war  losses. 

With  regard  to  the  treatment  of  the  Cape  and  Natal  colonists  who  were  in  rebellion, 
but  who  had  surrendered  since  April  12,  1901,  the  British  Government  offered  broad 
Immunities,  with  restoration  of  voting  privileges,  reserving  the  right  to  try  others,  who 
had  held  official  positions  in  the  Cape  Colony  Government,  and  who  held  commands  in 
rebel  or  burgher  forces,  for  high  treason,  provided,  that  in  no  cases  the  death  penalty 
should  be  inflicted  as  punishment  unless  the  rules  of  civilized  warfare  had  been  violated. 
These  arrangements,  which  were  suggested  by  the  Cape  Government,  were  approved,  as 
submitted,  by  the  British  Government. 

On  May  31.  1902.  Lord  Kitchener  announced  that  a  peace  treaty  had  been  signed 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  Boers,  Commandant-Gen.  Louis  Botha,  assisted  by  General 
Delarey  and  Chief  Commandant  DeWet,  acting  for  the  Boers.  Lord  Kitchener  returned  to 
England,  where  he  was  heartily  welcomed,  July  12,  and  was  decorated  by  the  King  with 
the  new  Order  of  Merit.  On  August  16  Generals  Botha,  DeWet  and  Delarey  were  cordially 
received  in  England,  and  the  Boers  were  thus  further  mollified. 

1903 

The  year  1903  was  one  of  general  calm,  when  compared  with  t-he  five  years  imme- 
diately preceding  it.  The  events  of  greatest  interest  in  the  United  States  were:  The 
Panama  Canal  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Colombia  was  signed  January  22;  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain  signed  a  treaty  providing  for  a  mixed  commission  to  settle 
the  Alaskan  boundary  dispute  January  24;  John  D.  Rockefeller's  gift  of  $7,000,000  to  be 
used  in  research  for  tuberculosis  serum  was  announced  January  27;  Great  Britain.  Ger- 
many and  Italy  signed,  February  13.  protocols  providing  for  the  settlement  of  the  Vene- 
zuelan controversy  at  Washington,  and  protocols  for  the  settlement  of  the  French.  Mexican 
and  Dutch  claims  against  Venezuela  were  signed  at  Washington  February  26-28;  the 
President  signed  the  bill  creating  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  February  14; 
the  Cuban  Senat«  ratifi<»d  the  reciprocity  treaty  with  the  United  States  March  11,  and  it 
was   ratified  at  WejsWnjfton.    with,  amendments,    March   19;    the  Panama  Canal   treaty  was 


A   Quarter- Ce7itury  liecord  of  ^Events.  93 

ratified   by  the   United   States   Senate  by   a  vote   of   73   to   5   March    17;    the   height   of  the 
Mississippi   River  at   New   Orleans,    19.8   feet,   was   the   greatest   ever   known   March   20;    the 
New  York  State  Legislature  passed  the  bill  for  $100,000,000  canal  improvements;   President 
Roosevelt  started  .on  an  extensive  "Western  trip  April  1;   the  Moro  fort  at  Bacalod,   Philip- 
pines, was  captured  by  a  force  under  Captain  Pershing  April   10;   the  United  States  Court 
of    Appeals    decided    the    Northern    Securities    Company    merger    illegal    April    9;    Tuskegee 
Institute,  Alabama,  received  a  gift  of  $000,000  from  Andrew  Carnegie  April  23;  the  United 
States   Supreme  Court   sustained   the   clause   in  the  Alabama   Constitution   disfranchising  the 
negroes    April    27;    the    dedication    of   the    Louisiana    Purchase    Exposition    buildings    at    St. 
Louis   took  place   with  imposing  ceremonies   April  30;    President   Roosevelt   assisted   at  the 
laying  of  the  corner-stone  of  a  monument  to  Lewis  and  Clarke  at  Portland  Ore.,   May  21; 
the    Presbyterian    General    Assembly    formally    enacted    amendments    to    the    Confession    of 
Faith  May  28;   St.    Gauden's   Statue  of  General  Sherman  was  unveiled  in   New  York  City 
May  30;  floods  at  Topeka,  Kan.,  drowned  more  than  200  persons,  rendered  8,000  homeless, 
and  destroyed  $4,000,000  worth  of  property  May  31;   the  following  day  there  was  great  loss 
of  life  and  property  by  a  tornado  at  Gainesville,   Ga. ;   on  June  6  a  cloudburst  at  Clifton, 
S.    C,   resulted  in  a  loss   of  fifty  lives   and   a  property   damage   of  $3,500,000;    at   Hepner, 
Ore.,   on  June  15,  500  people  lost   their  lives  through  a  cloudburst  and  $1,000,000  worth  of 
property  was  destroyed;  the  Textile  Council  declared  the  strike  at  Lowell  mills  ended,  the 
strikers   having   lost   $1,300,000   in   wages,    June   21;    the    European   Squadron    of   the   United 
States  arrived  at  Kiel  and  was  received  by  the  German  Emperor  June  23-26;   an  explosion 
in  a  coal  mine   near  Hanna,   Wyo.,   killed   200  people  June   30;    Cuba   ceded  to   the  United 
States   two   naval   stations,    and   government  of  the  Isle  of  Pines   was   settled   July  2;    the 
Pacific   cable   was    completed,    and    on   July   4   President   Roosevelt    sent    the   first    message 
over  to  Governor  Taft,   of  the   Philippines;   the   President  sent  another  message   around   the 
world   by   cable    in    twelve   minutes;    Russia   refused    to    receive    or    consider   the    Kishineff 
petition    from    America   July    16;    the    time    for    the    ratification    of   the    St.    Thomas    treaty 
between   Denmark   and   the   United   States   having   expired,    the   treaty,    which    provided   for 
the  purchase   of   the   Danish   West   Indies   by   the   United   States,    was   dead,    July  24;    the 
battle-ship  Kearsarge  completed  her  long-distance  run  across  the  Atlantic,   2,885  miles,   in 
9  days,  4^^  hours,  at  an  average  speed  of  13.1  knots  per  hour,  July  26;  Lieut. -Gen.  Nelson  A. 
Miles  issued  an  address  to  the  army  on  the  occasion  of  his  retirement  August  7;  Caleb  Powers, 
formerly  Secretary  of  State  of  Kentucky,   was  convicted  and  sentenced  to  death  for  com- 
plicity in  the  assassination  of  Governor  Goebel  August  29;  the  Federal  Grand  Jury  indicted 
G.  W.  Beavers,  A,  W.  Machen  and  others  in  connection  with  post-office  frauds  September 
8,  many  more  indictments  being  found  later;  Chicago  celebrated  the  hundredth  anniversary 
of   the    first   settlement    September   26-October   1;    a    commercial    treaty   between    the   United 
States  and  China  was  signed  October  8;    floods   in   Paterson,    N.   J.,   did  $3,000,000  damage 
October  9-11;   the  Alaskan  Boundary  Tribunal   in   London    decided   In   favor  of  t-he  United 
States   on  all   points   except  the  Portland   Canal   October   17;    the   Republic   of  Panama  was 
proclaimed    November   3,    and    the   United    States    recognized    the    Independence    of    Panama 
November    6;    Congress    met    in    extraordinary    session    to    consider    the    Cuban    reciprocity 
treaty  November  9;  the  Cuban  naval  station  at  Guantanamo  was  transferred  to  the  United 
States  November  11;  the  House  of  Representatives  passed  the  Cuban  Reciprocity  bill  by  a 
vote  of  335  to  21  November  19;   Grover  Cleveland  announced  that  he  would  not  accept  a 
renomination  for  the  Presidency  November  28;   the  report  on  the  postal   frauds  was  made 
public   by   the    President,    who   urged    extension    of   statute    of   limitations    for    Government 
employees,  November  29;  by  the  burning  of  the  Iroquois  Theatre  In  Chicago  600  lives  w^re 
lost  December  30. 

The  leading  happenings  of  1903  abroad  -^were:  The  ceremonies  of  the  coronation  of 
Durbar  at  Delhi,  India,  continued,  Januarj'  1;  the  German  gunboat  Panther  bombarded 
a  Venezuelan  fort  January  17;  Col.  Arthur  Lynch  was  found  guilty  in  England  of  high 
treason  In  fighting  for  the  Boers  January  23;  Mr.  Wyndham,  Chief  Secretary  for  Ireland. 
Introduced  the  Irish  Land  bill  into  the  House  of  Commons  March  25;  the  King  of  Servia 
suspended  the  Constitution  of  that  country  April  7;  there  was  a  massacre  of  Jews  at 
Eichineff,  Russia,  April  19-20;  Andrew  Carnegie  gave  $1,500,000  to  erect  a  Temple  of 
Peace  for  The  Hague  Court  of  Arbitration  April  20;  King  Edward  became  the  guest  of 
King  Victor  Emmanuel  at  Rome  April  27,  and  was  later  received  by  President  Loubet 
and  the  French  people  In  Paris;  the  Russians  reoccupied  the  Province  of  New-chwang, 
Manchuria,  with  a  large  force  of  troops  May  8;  General  Manning's  British  troops  defeated 


94  A    Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events. 


tlie  Mad  JIullali  in  Sonvaliland  May  2."'.;  the  Kfng  and  Qoern  of  Servia  were  assassinated 
at  Kelgrade  June  11;  I'eter  Karageorgevitch  was  proclajtned  King  by  the  conspiratora, 
who  were  mainly  army  officers;  the  Servian  National  Assembly  offered  him  the  crown, 
and  he  accepted,  assuming  the  title  of  Peter  I..  June  15;  Bulgaria  appealed  to  the  Powers 
to  compel  Turkey  to  withdraw  troops  from  the  frontier  July  1;  President  Loubet,  of  France, 
was  entertained  in  England,  July  C;  Pope  Leo  XIII.  died  July  20  and  was  succeeded, 
August  4,  by  Cardinal  Giuseppe  Sarto.  Patriarch  of  Venice,  who  assumed  the  title  of 
Pius  X.;  King  Edward  and  Queen  Alexandra  were  warmly  received  in  Ireland  July  21; 
the  House  of  Commons  passed  the  Irish  Land  bill,  317  to  20.  July  21;  the  battleship  King 
Edward  VII.,  then  claimed  to  be  the  largest  in  the  world,  was  launched  at  Devonport, 
England.  July  2.3;  Andrew  Carnegie  made  a  gift  of  $2.liOO,000  to  his  native  town  of  Dun- 
fermline. Scotland.  August  5;  Bulgarian  insurgents  blew  up  the  Governor's  palace  at 
Keushevo,  killing  fifty  Turks.  August  6;  the  coronation  of  Pius  X.  as  Pope  took  place  at 
the  Vatican  August  9;  more  than  100  lives  were  killed  by  asphyxiation  in  the  underground 
tunnel  at  Paris,  two  trains  being  fired-  by  a  defective  dynamo,  August  10;  the  Irish  Land 
bill  passed  the  third  reading  in  the  British  House  of  Lords  August  11;  a  West  Indian 
hurricane  destroyed  $1.5.000.000  in  values  and  many  lives  August  11-13;  Bulgaria  sent  a 
memorandum  to  the  Powers  detailing  outrages  committed  by  Turkey  in  Macedonia  August 
1.5;  the  Russian  squadron  arrived  in  Turkish  waters  August  19.  but  was  withdrawn  by  the 
urgent  r-xjuest  of  Turkey  the  next  day;  the  Zionist  Congress  opened  at  Basel,  Switzerland. 
August  22;  the  Turks  massacred  all  the  women  and  children  in  twenty-two  villages  in  the 
districts  of  Fiorina  and  Monastir  August  24;  the  British  Royal  Commission  issued  a  report 
condemning  the  lack  of  preparation  of  the  army  in  1900  August  25;  Joseph  Chamberlain, 
Charles  T.  Ritchie  and  Lord  George  Hamilton  resigned  from  the  British  Ministry  Sep- 
tember 17;  Premier  Balfour  declared  for  a  protective  tariff  for  England  October  1;  Russian 
troops  entered  Moukden  October  20;  an  operation  for  the  removal  of  a  polypus  from  the 
larynx  was  performed  on  Emperor  "William  November  8:  Wos  y  Gil,  President  of  San 
Domingo,  took  refuge  in  the  German  Consulate  from  the  revolutionists  November  10; 
Queen  Victor  Emmanuel  and  Queen  Helena  were  cordially  received  In  England  November 
17;  the  Dreyfus  case  was  reopiened  in  France  December  1. 

1904 

The  war  between  Russia  and  Japan,  reviewed  in  a  special  account  on  pages  96-101  in 
this  quarter-century  record  of  events,  was  the  paramount  event  in  1904,  the  struggle  being 
eagerly  watched  by  all  nations.  At  the  same  time.  Great  Britain  was  fighting  an  inter- 
esting warfare  in  Thibet.  Germany's  troops  were  active  in  Southwest  Africa,  and  the 
United  States  sent  a  naval  squadron  to  Tangier  because  of  the  kidnapping  of  Perdicaris. 
an  American  citizen,  by  the  Arabs.  At  home,  a  Presidential  campaign  added  to  the 
excitement.  In  the  political  arena  in  the  United  States  it  was  obviously  a  "Roosevelt 
year."  The  Republican  National  Convention  at  Chicago,  June  23,  nominated  Theodore 
Roosevelt,  of  New  York,  for  President,  and  Charles  W.  Fairbanks,  of  Indiana,  for  Vice- 
Presiinent.  The  Democratic  National  Convention  at  St.  Louis  nominated  Alton  B.  Parker, 
of  New  York,  for  President  on  the  first  ballot.  Judge  Parker  sent  a  telegram  to  the  con- 
vention saying  that  he  regarded  the  gold  standard  as  irrevocably  established,  and  that 
he  wished  the  convention  to  understand  his  position  before  it  adjourned.  The  convention 
replied  that  it  did  not  regard  the  gold  standard  as  an  issue  in  the  campaign,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  complete  its  ticket  hy  nominating  Henry  G.  Davis,  of  West  Virginia,  for  Vice- 
President.  Roosevelt  had  a  "walk  over,"  receiving  2,041.035  popular  votes  to  Parker's 
1,729,800.  Roosevelt's  electoral  vote  was  3.3G  to  Parker's  140.  Other  events  in  the  United 
States  were:  The  United  gtates  Supreme  Cotirt  decided  that  Porto  Ricans  are  not  aliens, 
January  4;  the  commercial  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  China  was  ratified  at 
Washington,  President  Roosevelt  issuing  a  proclamation  to  that  effect  January  13;  William 
H.  Taft  became  Secretary  of  War.  Elihu  Root  retiring.  February  1;  fire  in  Baltimore's 
business  district  destroyed  $70,000,000  worth  of  property,  burning  over  140  acres,  com- 
prising seventy-five  city  blocks,  wiping  out  about  2,500  buildings,  February  7-8;  the  United 
States  Senate  ratified  the  Panama  Canal  treaty  by  a  vote  of  60  to  14  February  23;  the 
business  district  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  suffered  a  $3,200,000  fire  February  26;  the  Wisconsin 
:State  Capitol  at  Madison  was  burned,  loss.  $300,000,  February  27;  one  of  the  tunnels 
under    th<^    Hudson,    between    New    Jersey    and    New    York,    was    completed    March    11:    the 


A    Quarter- Century  Record  of  Kvients.  95 


United  States  Supreme  Court  decided  by  a  vote  of  5  to  4  that  the  Northern  Securities 
Company  was  a  trust,  and  therefore,  illegal,  March  14;  President  Roosevelt  made  a  rullngr 
that  all  civil  war  veterans  sixty-two  years  of  age  are  entitled  to  pensions  March  16;  the 
United  States  Senate,  in  executive  session,  ratified  the  treaty  with  Cuba,  embodying  the 
Piatt  amendment,  March  22;  United  States  Senator  Joseph  R.  Burton,  of  Kansas,  was 
convicted  at  St.  Louis  of  accepting  a  bribe  March  28;  Chicago  voted  overwhelmingly  for 
municipal  ownership  of  street  railways  April  5;  an  explosion  of  powder  on  the  United 
States  battleship  Missouri  killed  twenty-nine  men  and  injured  five  more  April  13;  Andrew 
Carnegie  established  a  fund  of  $5,000,000  to  provide  for  those  who  risk  their  lives  for 
others  and  for  the  widows  and  orphans  of  those  who  sacrifice  their  lives  for  others  April 
15;  the  contract  for  the  transfer  of  the  Panama  Canal  property  to  the  United  States  was 
signed  at  Paris  April  22;  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  was  opened  at  St.  Louis 
April  00;  the  excursion  steamer  General  Slocum,  having  on  board  a  Sunday-school  picnic, 
was  burned  in  the  East  River  and  more  than  1,000  persons,  mainly  women  and  children, 
were  lost  June  15;  the  American  Perdicaris  and  his  stepson,  Varley,  having  been  released 
by  the  bandit  Rais  Uli,  arrived  at  Tangier  June  24;  the  Prohibition  party  nominated  Dr. 
Silas  C.  Swallows,  of  Pennsj^lvania,  and  George  W.  Carroll,  of  Texas,  for  President  and 
Vice-President,  respectively,  June  30;  the  centennial  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Nathaniel 
Hawthorne  was  observed  at  Concord,  Mass.,  July  4;  the  People's  party  nominated  Thomas 
E.  Watson,  of  Georgia,  for  President,  and  Thomas  H.  Tibbies,  of  Nebraska,  for  Vice- 
President,  July  5;  a  strike  of  45,000  employees  in  the  meat  packing  establishments  of 
Chicago  begnn  July  12,  and  on  July  24  began  a  strike  involving  24,000  operatives  In  the 
textile  mills  at  Fall  River,  Mass.;  the  United  States  Government  directed  Minister  Bowen 
to  protest  against  the  seizure  of  asphalt  properties  by  the  Venezuelan  Government  August  1; 
the  collapse  of  a  bridge  at  Dry  Creek,  Pueblo,  Col.,  caused  a  railroad  wreck,  in  which 
seventy-six  persons  were  killed  and  many  injured,  August  8;  Turkey  consented  to  give  Amer- 
ican schools  equal  rights  with  those  of  other  Powers  August  14;  military  manoeuvres  on  the 
battlefield  of  Bull  Run  (Manassas),  Va.,  were  begun  September  7;  in  a  collision  on  the 
Southern  Railway,  near  Knoxville,  Tenn..  70  people  were  killed  and  125  injured  September 
24;  the  thirteenth  International  Peace  Conference  opened  at  Boston  October  3;  the  Presi- 
dent directed  Secretary  Tait  to  go  to  Panama  to  reassure  the  people  of  the  pacific  inten- 
tions of  the  United  States  October  19;  the  President  invited  the  signatory  Powers  to  a 
second  peace  conference  at  The  Hague  October  20;  the  triennial  general  convention  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  at  Boston  agreed  to  a  new  divorce  caron  October  24;  the 
Earl  of  Dartmouth  laid  the  corner-stone  of  a  hall  at  Dartmouth  College  October  26,*  the 
New  York  subway  was  opened  from  City  Hall  to  145th  Street  October  27;  Secretary  of 
State  Hay  and  the  French  Ambassador  signed  an  arbitration  treaty  at  Washington,  D.  C 
November  1;  Miss  Eva  Booth  was  appointed  Commander  of  the  Salvation  Army  in  the 
United  States  November  2;  an  arbitration  treaty  was  signed  at  Washington  between  Ger- 
many and  the  United  States  November  15;  the  statue  of  Frederick  the  Great,  presented  to 
the  United  States  by  Emperor  William,  was  unveiled  at  the  Army  War  College  in  Wash- 
ington November  19;  all  differences  between  the  United  States  and  Panama  were  settled 
by  an  agreement  between  Secretary  Taft  and  President  Amador  December  2. 

The  foreign  record  for  the  year  included,  outside  of  the  Russian-Japanese  war,  these 
occurrences:  Joseph  Chamberlain's  Tariff  Commission  met  in  London  January  15;  fire  in 
Aalesund,  Norway,  rendered  10,000  people  homeless  January  23;  Mrs.  Florence  Maybrick, 
after  spending  nearly  fifteen  years  in  British  prisons,  convicted  of  poisoning  her  husband, 
was  released  on  parole  January  25;  demand  was  made  by  the  Thibet  authorities  that  the 
English  expedition  be  withdrawn  January  29;  The  Hague  Arbitration  Tribunal  decided 
unanimously  that  Great  Britain,  Germany  a«d  Italy  had  right  to  a  preference  of  30  per 
cent,  of  the  customs  duties  of  Venezuela  February  22;  the  French  Chamber  of  Deputies 
passed  a  bill  debarring  the  religious  orders  from  teaching  in  France,  the  vote  standing  316 
to  269,  March  28;  the  British,  under  Colonel  Youngfiusband,  repulsed  the  Thibetans  March 
31;  Premier  Combes,  of  France,  ordered  the  removal  of  religious  emblems  from  the  French 
courts  of  justice  April  1;  an  Anglo-French  Colonial  treaty,  covering  all  disputed  questions, 
was  signed  in  London  April  8;  German  troops  near  Okahandja,  in  Southwest  Africa, 
defeated  3,000  Hereros  April  11;  fire  in  Toronto  destroyed  $10,000,000  worth  of  property 
April  20;  Mr.  Watson,  leader  of  the  Labor  party  in  the  Australian  Parliament,  formed  a 
ministry  April  26;  President  Ix)ubet  and  King  Victor  Emmanuel  received  the  French  and 
Jtallan  ^fleets  at  Naples  April  29;  France  decide^  ,to  .reject  the  protest  made  by  the  Vatican 


96  A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events. 

against   the   visit   of   President   Loubet   to   the    King   of    Italy    May    6;    the    British,    under 

Colonel  Younghusband,  captured  a  strong  position  near  Karo  Pass  from  the  Thibetans 
May  6;  France  recalled  her  Ambassador  to  the  Vatican  May  21;  General  Count  Bobrikoff, 
Russian  Governor-General  of  Finland,  was  assassinated  at  Helsingrfors  June  16;  the 
steamer  Norge  was  lost  off  the  Scottish  coast  and  646  persons  perished  June  28;  Porfirio 
Diaz  was  elected  President  of  Mexico,  and  Ramon  Corral  Vice-President* July  11;  the  Rus- 
sian Minister  of  the  Interior,  M.  Plehve,  was  assassinated  at  St.  Petersburg  July  28;  the 
British,  under  Colonel  Younghusband,  entered  Lassa  unopposed,  the  Dalai  Lama  having 
fled  to  a  monastry,  Augrust  7;  Russia  protested  against  the  Anglo-Thibetan  treaty  Sep- 
tember 20;  King  Peter  of  Servia  was  crowned  at  Belgrade  September  21;  the  Contraband 
Commission,  sitting  at  St.  Petersburg,  declared  coal,  cotton  and  iron  contraband  of  war 
September  22;  Don  Jose  Pardo  was  proclaimed  President  of  Peru  September  23;  J.  Pierpont 
Morgan  presented  the  stolen  Ascoli  Cope  to  the  Italian  Government  November  3;  Canadian 
elections  gave  the  Liberals  a  majority  exceeding  70  November  4;  the  French  Chamber 
ratified  the  Anglo-French  treaty,  including  the  cession  of  the  French  shore  of  Newfound- 
land, November  12;  the  King  and  Queen  of  Portugal  visited  England  November  12-20;  the 
first  assembling  of  representatives  of  the  Russian  Zemstvos  took  place  at  St.  Petersburg 
November  19;  General  Andre,  French  Minister  of  War,  resigned  November  21;  Prince 
Sviatopolkmirsky,  Russian  Minister  of  the  Interior  of  "War,  presented  to  the  Czar  the  peti- 
tion of  the  Zemstvos.  asking  for  a  share  in  the  national  Government,  November  24. 

THE  RUSSIAN-JAPANESE  WAR. 

Japan,  logically  alarmed  at  the  virtual  occupation  of  Manchuria  by  Russia  after  the 
Boxer  rebellion,  and  incensed  by  Russian  possession  of  Port  Arthur,  grew  restless  and 
aggressive  in  1903.  An  extension  of  Russian  influence  to  Korea  was  threatened,  and 
there  were  numerous  indications  that  Japanese  progress  and  expansion  were  imperilled  by 
Russia's  policy  of  permanent  control  of  Manchuria.  Russia's  Trans-Siberia  Railroad 
system  had  been  extended  to  Port  Arthur,  and  naturally  Russian  occupation  of  that  strong- 
hold, Japan's  rich  prize  of  its  war  with  China,  outraged  Japanese  national  pride.  Diplo- 
matic protests  by  Japan  were  answered  by  a  growl  from  the  Russian  bear,  and  the  strain 
between  the  two  nations  rapidly  grew  more  tense.  Japan  was  ready  for  the  struggle,  and 
Russia  was  not,  and  hence  Japan  began  the  war  to  force  Russia  back.  The  storm  broke 
quickly  and  with  fury.  On  Februarj'  6,  1904,  Russia  having  made  an  unsatisfactory 
reply  to  Japan's  demands,  the  Mikado's  Minister  at  St.  Petersburgh,  Count  Kurino,  was 
summarily  recalled,  and  on  the  same  day  Baron  Rosen,  the  Russian  Minister,  was  recalled 
by  his  Government. 

Forty-eight  hours  after  the  severing  of  diplomatic  relations  Japan  struck  her  first 
hard  blow,  attracting  the  fascinating  attention  of  the  civilized  world  by  the  roa,r  of  her 
guns  against  the  Russian  naval  force  at  Port  Arthur.  Admiral  Togo,  with  the  main  fleet 
of  Japan,  found  the  enemy  unprepared  when  he  took  the  Russians  completely  by  surprise, 
making  the  initial  attack  at  night.  The  next  day  t-he  Japanese  made  a  second  attack,  the 
first  having  been  made  by  torpedo-boats.  In  the  two  engagements  the  Port  Arthur  squad- 
.ron  of  the  Russians  was  so  badly  damaged  that  it  was  made  practically  inefficient.  On 
the  same  day,  February  9,  a  Japanese  squadron  with  torpedo-boats  forced  the  Russian 
cruisers  Varlag  and  Korietz  out  of  the  harbor  of  Chemulpo,  Korea,  compelled  the  Russian 
vessels  to  fight,  and  sunk  them,  with  more  than  500  killed  and  wounded.  Thus  Japan 
Immediately  settled  the  question  of  naval  supremacy  and  was  ready  to  capture  Port 
Arthur,  expel  the  Russian  troops  from  Manchuria,  incidentally  seizing  the  railway  at 
Harbin,  thus  cutting  off  Vladivostok,^  Russia's  important  garrisoned  northern  port  on  the 
Pacific  Coast. 

The  Czar  proclaimed  war  with  Japan  on  February  10.  and  the  United  States,  on  Feb- 
ruary 11,  declared  neutrality,  Japan  also  having  formally  declared  war  the  day  previous. 
Secretary  Hay  made  proposals,  which  resulted  In  the  belligerent  Powers  agreeing  to  con- 
fine war  operations  to  Manchuria  and  to  respect  other  Chinese  territory.  Russia  protested 
against  Japan's  hostile  actions  in  advance  of  a  declaration  of  war  as  being  "treacherous," 
but  civilization  in  general  seemingly  supported  Japan's  conduct. 

On  February  18  the  Japanese  army  begrun  Its  move  into  Korea,  occupying  Ping  Yang 


A   Quarter- Century  Hecord  of  Events.  97 

on  February  28  without  opposition,  and  when  warm  weather  came  the  Japanese  First 
Army,  under  General  Kuroki,  was  at  the  Yalu  River,  which  separates  Korea  from  Man- 
churia, and  was  ready  for  operations  on  a  gigantic  scale.  General  Kuropatkin,  who  had 
been  appointed  on  Feoruary  23  to  command  the  Russian  armies  In  the  East,  had  only 
100,000  men  with  which  to  check  a  Japanese  advance  from  Korea,  and  three  Russian 
troops  were  being  used  to  guard  the  railway,  Russia's  only  method  of  military  communi- 
cation. His  only  hope  was  to  retard  a  Japanese  forward  movement  until  he  could  be  rein- 
forced. His  position  was  extremely  trying,  transportation  methods  being  entirely  Inadequate. 
Even  water  for  the  wood-burning  locomotives  of  the  single-track  railway  was  carried 
several  miles  along  some  divisions. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  Vice- Admiral  Alexeieff  commanded  the  Russian  naval 
forces  in  the  East,  but  his  evident  lack  of  administrative  ability  led  to  his  being  sup- 
planted by  Vice-Ad^niral  Makaroff  on  the  day  that  Kuropatkin  was  assigned  to  command 
the  army.  AJexeieff's  only  offensive  move  had  been  a  sortie  of  the  Vladivostok  squadron, 
which  sunk  some  Japanese  transports  off  the  west  coast  of  Japan.  Alexeieff  then  moved 
his  headquarters  from  Port  Arthur  to  Harbin,  and  his  downfall  speedily  followed,  his 
request  to   be   relieved   of  his   duties  being  speedily   granted. 

On  April  13  the  Russian  battle-ship  Petropavlovsk  was  sunk  by  a  Japanese  torpedo 
near  Port  Arthur,  Admiral  Makaroff  and  600  men  being  drowned.  On  May  1  the  Rus- 
sians were  driven  from  their  position  at  Klu-lien-cheng  by  the  Japanese  under  General 
Kuroki,  and  later  were  driven  back  still  further.  On  May  7  the  Japanese  captured 
Fengwang-cneng,  the  Russians  retreating  without  giving  battle.  On  May  26,  after  a  battle 
lasting  sixteen  hours,  the  Japanese  captured  Kinchow  and  Nanshan  Hill  by  storm.  Previous 
to  this  The  Japanese  had  bombarded  Vladivostok,  and  had  made  desperate  attempts  to 
"bottle"  the  Russian  fleet  in  Port  Arthur  harbor  by  sinking  merchant  vessels.  The  Japa- 
nese had  also  guaranteed  the  independence  of  Korea,  had  assumed  a  protectorate  over 
that  country,  and  received  in  return  the  assistance  of  the  Korean  army.  The  landing  of 
Japanese  troops  in  the  rear  of  Port  Arthur  was  begun  May  5,  and  the  siege  of  Port  Arthur 
was  begun  fhe  next  day.  A  Cossack  attack  upon  Anju  was  repulsed  May  10.  The  Rus- 
sians destroyed  the  town  and  port  of  Dalny  May  11,  and  torpedoed  a  Japanese  cruiser  off 
Port  Arthur;  two  more  Japanese  warships  were  destroyed  at  Port  Arthur,  one  by  a  mine 
and  the  other  by  collision,  on  May  17.  The  Russians  almost  entirely  evacuated  New- 
chwang  May  15.  They  defeated  the  Japanese  north  of  Fengwang-cheng  and  before  Kin- 
chow, May  18.  On  May  28  the  Japanese  defeated  2,000  Cossacks  and  occupied  Ai-pien-men. 
At  the  end  of  May  the  Second  Japanese  Army,  under  General  Oku,  had  cut  off  Port 
Arthur's  communication  with  General  Kuropatkin  and  rnade  itself  master  of  the  neck  of 
the  Liao-tung  Peninsular.  The  Third  Jananese  Ar-my,  under  General  Nodzu,  moved  up 
from  Takushan  to  Siuyen,  In  touch  with  Kuroki,  by  June  8.  During  May  Kuropatkin  had 
strengthened  General  Stoessel  In  Port  Arthur  by  25,000  reinforcements,  and  General  Kassu- 
litch's  troops  had  been  ordered  along  the  Talu  River.  Kuroki,  however,  had  outgeneralled 
Kassulitch,  crossed  the  river  with  three  divisions,  and  repulsed  an  attack  which  Kassulitch 
made  without  orders  at  the  Aiko  River,  costing  the  Russians  2,600  killed  and  wounded, 
600  prisoners,  21  field  pieces,  1,000  rifles,  and  350,000  rounds  of  ammunition,  a  blow 
which  was  keenly  felt.  The  Japanese  losses  were  1,000  men  The  Japanese  Third  Army 
operated  from  May  23  to  May  28  against  Stoessel's  attempt  to  restore  the  line  of  communi- 
cation between  Mukden  and  Port  Arthur,  and  finally  earned  a  hard-won  victory  at  Nan- 
shan, displaying  reckless  courage,  and  losing  4.300  killed  and  wounded.  The  Russians, 
however,  were  driven  from  commanding  positions,  and,  under  General  Fock,  retreated 
southward,  leaving  600  dead  and  50  gxms  behind  them. 

THE   ADVANCE  OF   THE   JAPANESE. 

In  June  the  Russians  concentrated  a  large  force  at  and  near  Telissu,  on  the  line  of  the 
railroad  to  Port  Arthur,  General  Stakelberg  commanding,  apparently  Intending  to  move  to 
Port  Arthur's  relief.  General  Oku,  with  50,000  men,  fell  upon  this  force  near  Port  Adams 
on  June  14,  catching  the  Russians  In  ambush  and  causing  them  a  loss  of  4.300,  the  Japa- 
nese losing  1,163.  The  Russians  fell  back  upon  Kaiplng.  from  which  position  they  were 
driven   on  July   9.     On  June  27   General   Nedzu   effected   a  junction   with   General   Kuroki. 


98  A   Quarter  Century  Record  of  Eve'ntsl 


flanked  the  Russians,  and  advanced  to  Sunachen.  after  two  days'  fighting.  Kiiroki  pushed 
toward  Motlen  Pass,  along  the  valley  of  the  Patao  River,  and  gained  important  positions 
at  Hancnen  and  Sidogult. 

The  first  stage  of  the  Japanese  advance  was  completed  by  the  operations  of  May  and 
June,  as  just  recounted.  Four  Japanese  armies  had  been  landed.  Kuroki,  having  gained 
the  mountain  passes  into  the  Manchurlan  plains,  was  advancing  toward  Llaoyang.  Oku  was 
beyond  the  Fenshuiling  Pass,  on  the  road  to  Haicheng.  Nogi  had  begun  to  drive  Stoessel 
back  into  Port  Arthur.  At  this  stage  Field  Marshal  Oyama  was  given  supreme  command 
of  the  Japanese   operations,   which  had  heretofore  been  controlled  by  the  general  staff. 

The  Russians  now  realized  the  imminent  clanger  of  a  division  of  their  forces  should 
the  enemy  move  forward  to  seize  the  railroad  between  Liaoyang  and  Mukden.  Kuropatkin 
therefore  ordered  General  Keller,  with  20,000  men  and  24  guns,  to  attack  the  Japanese  at 
Fenshuiling,  which  Keller  did  unsuccessfully  on  July  17,  losing  1,200  men,  and  then  retir- 
ing to  a  strong  position  in  the  Yantze  Pass.  On  July  23  Oku  attacked  General  Zarubaieffs 
position  before  Tashihchiao,  compelling  the  Russians  to  abandon  that  place  and  Yinkow, 
thus  depriving  Russia  of  Us  last  base  on  the  Chinese  sea  coast,  and  cutting  off  Russian 
supplies  by  the  Peking  Railroad.  On  July  31,  after  a  two  hours'  fight  with  Kuroki  at 
Yantze  Pass  and  Tushulln,  In  which  Lieut. -Gen.  Count  Keller,  of  the  Russian  army,  was 
killed,  the  Russians  retired  toward  Liaoyang.  At  the  same  time  Oku  and  Nodzu,  by  a 
combined  attack  on  the  Russian  right  fifteen  miles  below  Haicheng,  turned  their  enemy 
northward,  forcing  the  abandonment  of  Haicheng  "by  the  Russians  on  August  2.  The  Japa- 
nese, with  a  loss  of  2,400  men,  in  a  few  days  had  now  driven  their  enemy  from  the 
mountains  into  the  Manchu  plains,  and  had  compelled  a  concentration  of  the  Russians 
along  the  railroad  to  Liaoyang,  with  a  Russian  front  of  twenty-five  miles  between  Anping 
and  the  railroad  at  Anshanchan.  "Rains  then  prevented  further  fighting  during  August. 
Earlier  In  the  month  the  Japanese  stormed  the  fortifications  of  Port  Arthur  and  were 
repulsed.  On  August  17  General  Stoessel  refused  a  Japanese  demand  for  the  sui-render  of 
Port  Arthur.  On  August  21  the  Japanese  began  to  take  the  inner  forts  around  Port  Arthur, 
and  on  August  31  they  failed  in  a  second  general  assault  upon  the  city.  On  August  10 
part  of  the  Russian  squadron  escaped  from  Port  Arthur,  but  was  dispersed  in  battle,  and 
on  August  14  the  Russian  Vladivostols  squadron  was  defeated  off  Tsu  Islands,  Korean 
Straits. 

The  great  Japanese  attack  on  the  Russians  before  Liaoyang  was  renewed  on  August  26. 
The  Russian  strength  was  about  148,000  men,  with  400  guns  guarding  the  three  roads 
centring  upon  Liaoyang,  and  extending  in  a  twelve-mile  semi-circle  among  the  low  hills. 
The  Japanese  Had  200,000  men,  with  520  guns.  Kuroki's  First  Army  was  on  the  right, 
Nodzu's  In  the  centre,  and  Oku's  on  the  left.  There  was  a  general  advance  by  the  Japa- 
nese, soon  rorcing  a  Russian  retreat,  with  small  losses,  Kuropattln  evacuating  Liaoyang 
on  September  3  and  falling  back  upon  Mukden.  After  this  notable  conflict  heavy  rains 
delayed  large  operations  until  October  1.  On  September  4  General  Stakelberg's  command 
eluded  the  Japanese  and  rejoined  Kuropatkin's  army,  but  the  Japanese  had  practically 
surrounded  Kuropatkin's  forces  My  September  5.  A  Russian  sortie  at  Port  Arthur  was 
repulsed  September  18,  and  the  Japanese  were  repulsed  at  Da  Pass,  near  Mukden,  Sep- 
tember 20.  Two  days  later  the  Japanese  carried  this  pass  by  storm,  and  on  September  24 
they  captured  the  rorts   commanding  the  water  supply  at  Port   Arthur. 

On  October  3  Kuropatkin,  with  300,000  men  and  with  a  force  of  artillery  superior  to 
Oyama's,  advanced  on  the  Japanese,  Inspiring  his  troops  with  a  proclamation  that  Rus.sia 
was  now  prepared  to  drive  the  enemy  back.  For  a  week  the  armies  struggled  along  the 
Sha  River  in  one  of  the  greatest  battles  of  modern  history,  fighting  day  and  night.  The 
most  important  Russian  achievement  was  the  capture  of  Lone  Tree  Hill,  a  commanding 
Japanese  position,  after  repeated  charges  and  heavy  losses.  This  hill  was  finally  carried 
by  a  force  under  Colonel  Putiloff  in  so  brilliant  a  manner  that  the  Russians,  in  official 
orders,  named  it  Putiloff  Hill.  All  the  Japanese  attempts  to  retake  the  eminence  failed. 
In  the  general  engagement,  which  was  indecisive,  except  that  it  checked  the  Japanese 
advance,  the  losses  were  about  even  on  either  side,  being  estimated  at  45.000  In  each  army. 
During  the  succeeding  iTail  and  Winter  the  nuge  main  commands,  close  to  eacH  other.  ^Id 
little  fighting. 


A   Quarter-CentiLry  Hecord  of  JiJvents,  99 


Active  operations  about  Port  Arthur.  lio\Yevor.  were  continued.  On  November  4  the 
Japanese  capture<.l  vVanial  Hill,  oeroie  the  city,  and  on  November  17  gained,  by  assault, 
important  underground  chambers.  On  Novemtier  26  a  Japanese  attack  upon  Port  Arthur 
was  repulsed  with  enormous  loss  to  the  assailants,  but  on  November  30  they  captured  the 
important  position  of  20r^-Metre  Hill,  commanding  the  city  and  Tiarpor.  From  this  point, 
on  December  tJ,  they  shelled  the  Russian  fleet,  sinking  the  turret-ship  Poltava  and  the 
battle-ship  Peresviet,  besides  damaging  other  vessels. 


THE   FALL  OF  PORT    ARTHUR. 

After  the  occupation  of  20.3-Metre  Hill  by  the  Japanese  the  doom  of  Port  Arthur  was 
evident.  The  siege  guns*  there  prevented  a  final  sortie  of  the  fleet,  and  the  city's  condi- 
tion was  most  distressing.  General  Stoessel's  last  dl.spatches  to  St.  Peters'ourgh  were  sent 
out  by  the  torpedo-boat  Rastoropny  on  November  ir>.  but  her  commander  destroyed  her  In 
Chefoo  harbor  to  prevent  his  messages  from  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Japanese.  Hence 
the  world  has  never  learned  the  contents  of  these  dispatches.  Subseciuent  disclosures, 
however,  and  Japanese  praise  of  General  Stoessei  within  the  past  year,  when  his  Govern- 
ment accused  him  of  cowardice  in  surrendering  his  stronghold,  indicate  that  he  fulfilled  his 
promise  to  defend  Port  Arthur  to  the  last  extremity.  The  capitulation  of  the  city  took 
place  on  January  2,  190r>,  after  more  than  six  montlis'  resistance.  General  Stoessei  receiving 
the  full  honors  of  war,  the  Emperor  of  Japan  having  ordered  General  Nogl  to  snow  General 
Stoessei  every  courtesy.  Stoessei  and  four  other  general  officers  had  been  seriously 
wounded,  and  two  had  been  killed,  out  or  ten.  Parole,  wltli  permission  to  retain  side  arms 
and  return  to  Russia,  was  offered  to  all  Russian  officers.  General  Fodc  and  many  others 
refused  to  accept  this  and  went  to  Japan  as  prisoners.  Authentic  figures  place  the  total  of 
Port  Arthur  casualties  at  15.448  Russians,  being  34.33  per  cent,  of  the  force  engaged,  and 
45,156  Japanese,   42.6  per  cent,   of  the  force  engaged. 

The  surrender  of  Port  Arthur  was  still  exciting  the  world,  when  Kuropatkin,  on  Jan- 
uary 25,  ordered  a  general  attack  on  the  Japanese  left  flank.  Tioplng  to  break  through  or 
turn  the  enemy's  left  toward  Llaoyang.  The  Russian  Second  Army,  under  General  Grip- 
enberg,  fought  desperately  for  six  days  and  was  repulsed  with  heavy  losses.  Gripenberg 
then  quarreled  with  Kuropatkin  and  resigned,  being  succeeded  by  General  Kaulbars. 
Nogi's  army  from  Port  Arthur  hastened  to  join  Marshal  Oyama,  and  from  February  20  to 
March  15  a  series  of  engagements,  known  as  the  battle  of  Mukden,  one  of  the  greatest 
in  modern  history,  occurred.  The  Russian  line  extended  over  a  semi-circle  more  than  120 
miles  long,  with  centre  resting  on  the  Sha  River.  General  Kaulbars  commanded  the  right 
and  General  Linievitch  the  left.  Oyama's  four  armies  faced  this  huge  battle  line.  The 
Russians  were  finally  forced  into  demoralized  retreat,  falling  back  to  Tie  Pass,  an  import- 
ant position  forty  miles  north  of  MuKden  and  300  miles  soutb  of  Harbin.  The  Japanese 
occupied  Mukden  on  March  10,  and  Tie  Pass  fell  into  Oyama's  hands  on  March  16,  the 
Russians  rallying  108  miles  oeyond  that  point.  General  Linievitch  then  superseded  Kuro- 
patkin in  supreme  command  of  a  realigned  army.  The  Russians  had  lost  100.000  of  their 
400,000  men  in  tlie  Mukden  operations,  and  the  Japanese  casualties  were  out  60,000  out 
of  500,000  men  engaged. 


^  RUSSIA'S    NAVAL    FORCE    LOST. 

Two  months  later  came  the  crushing  blow  to  Russia's  navy,  in  the  Sea  of  Japan, 
winning  everlasting  lame  for  Admiral  Togo.  The  Russian  Baltic  fleet,  under  Admiral 
Rojestvensky.  joined  oy  a  squadron  under  Admiral  Kebogatoff.  was  attacked  by  Togo  off 
Tsu  Island,  In  the  ea.stern  cbannel  of  Korea  Strait,  on  May  27.  Togo  not  even  navlng 
informed  nis  tJovernment  ot  his  plans.  Rojestvensky  made  the  disastrous  error  of  putting 
his  cruisers  between  his  battle-ships  and  bis  enemy.  Togo' signalled  to  his  ships:  "The 
de.=?tiny  ot  our  Empire  depend,  upon  this  action.  You  are  all  expected  to  do  your  utmost." 
'J'he  battle  raged  rnrougri  •C\q  afternoon  of  May  27  and  all  day  on  May  28,  and  resulted 
in  the  anmhilailon  ot  tlie  Ku.ssian  Ileet.      Only  three  vessels  of  the  line  escaped— the  Cleg, 


100  A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events. 


Aurora  and  Zhemchug.  These,  under  Admiral  Enquist,  sailed  to  Manila,  where  they  were 
Interned,  after  a  refusal  by  President  Roosevelt  to  permit  them  to  make  repairs.  Admiral 
Rojestvensky  was  seriously  wounded  and  captured,  and  Admiral  Nebogatoff  surrendered 
with  the  battle-ships  Orel  and  Emperor  Nicholas  I,,  the  coast  defence  ships  Admiral 
Seniavin  and  General  Apraxine,  and  the  destroyer  Bedore.  The  Russian  ships  sunk 
included  six  battle-ships,  three  armored  cruisers,  three  protected  cruisers,  a  coast  defence 
ship,  the  repair  ship  Kamtchatka,  and  several  destroyers.  The  Japanese  lost  only  three 
torpedo-boats  and  had   less  than   1,000  casualties. 

HOW   THE   WAR   ENDED. 

After  Togo's  victory  the  United  States,  through  President  Roosevelt,  intervened  to 
end  the  war.  The  President,  on  June  8,  addressed  the  Russian  and  Japanese  govern- 
ments, urging  immediate  and  direct  peace  negotiations  between  the  belligerents  and  prof- 
fering his  friendly  assistance.  Both  the  warring  nations  accepted  the  offer,  and  agreed, 
on  June  12,  to  appoint  plenipotentiaries  to  discuss  the  terms  of  peace.  Russia  named 
Sergius  Witte  and  Baron  Rosen,  while  Japan  chose  Baron  Komura  and  Mr.  Takahira  as 
her  envoys.  Baron  Rosen  and  Mr.  Takahira  were  then  Ambassadors  of  their  respective 
countries  at  Washington.  Escorted  with  much  ceremony  to  Oyster  Bay,  the  President's 
Summer  home,  on  separate  vessels,  the  envoys  were  introduced  to  each  other  by  Presi>dent 
Roosevelt,  on  the  President's  yacht  Mayflower,  on  August  5,  1905.  At  luncheon  the 
President  gave  this  memorable  toast: 

"I  drink  to  the  welfare  and  prosperity  of  the  sovereigns  and  the  peoples  of  the  two 
great  nations,  whose  representatives  have  met  one  another  on  this  ship.  It  is  my  most 
earnest  hope  and  prayer,  in  the  interest  not  only  of  these  two  great  Powers,  but  of  all 
civilized  mankind,  that  a  just  and  lasting  peace  may  speedily  be  concluded  between  them." 
The  envoys  and  their  suites  were  then  conveyed  to  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and  the  first 
peace  conference  was  held  at  the  United  States  Navy-Yard  there  on  August  9,  through 
interpreters,  the  Russians  used  the  French  and  Russian  language,  and  the  Japanese  used 
Japanese  and  English.  The  Japanese  terms,  including  heavy  indemnity,  were  presented, 
and  were  rejected  by  the  Russians.  Accord  was  finally  reached,  proposal  by  proposal,  as 
follows: 

No  war  indemnity  to  be  paid  by  Russia— a  victory  for  Witte,   who  had  declared   "not 
one    kopeck    for    indemnity";    recognition    of    Japan's    preponderant    influence    in    Korea; 
evacuation   of  Manchuria  by   Russians   and   Japanese;    Japan   to   take   over   Russia's  lease- 
hold  of   Port   Arthur   and   the   Liaotung   Peninsula;    return    of   the    civic   administration   of 
Manchuria  to  China;   Japan  to  hold  all  military  works  at  Port  Arthur  and  Dalny;   Japan 
to   control   the   Chinese   Eastern  Railroad  south  from   Kunshien,    which   is   ten   miles   south 
of  Harbin,   Russia  retaining  all   the  rest,   includinp:  its   lines  to  Vladivostok  and   the   spur 
to  Karln.     There  was  a  deadlock  on  three  Japanese   proposals:     Reimbursement  of  Japan 
for  the  cost  of  war;   the  delivery  to  Japan  of  interned  warships  in  Chinese  and  American 
ports,   and  the  restriction  of  Russian  naval  power  in  Asiatic  waters.     President  Roosevelt 
again    intervened,    consulting    with    Baron    Rosen    and    with    Baron    Kaneko,    the    latter    a 
trusted,    though    unofficial,    friend    of    the    Emperor    of   Japan.      The    President    then    com- 
municated with  both  Emperors,   and  Imperial  Councils  were  held  at  Tokio  and  St.  Peters- 
burgh.      As   a   final   result,    the   Mikado   ordered   the   Japanese   envoys   to   waive   indemnity 
claims,   allow   Russia  to  retain  her   interned  ships,    and   agree  to  a  division  of  the  Island 
of  Sakhelin,   Japan  holding  the  southern  half  below  the  fiftieth  parallel.     The  treaty  stip- 
ulated   that    Sakhelin    should    not    be    fortified,    and    that    each    country    should    enjoy    the 
"most    favored    nation"    terms.      The   treaty   was    signed    on    September   5,    1905,    at   Ports- 
mouth Navy- Yard   (which   is  really   situated   in   the   town   of  Kittery,   Me.),   and  is  known 
as  the  Treaty  of  Portsmouth.     In  Japan  its  terms  were  unsatisfactory  to  the  people,   who 
felt  that  Japan  should  have  received  more  for  her  sacrifices.     In  Russia,   1905  was  a  year 
of   revolution    and    anarchy,    and    since    then    disorders    of   all    sorts,    entailing    the    loss    of 
thousands  of  lives,  have  followed  in  quick  succession. 

Semi-official    estimates    credit    Japan    with    having    had    In   the    field    during    the    war 


A    Qtiarter- Century  Record  of  Events.  101 

1,200,000  troops,  of  which  number  55,000  were  killed,  15,000  died  from  sickness,  and 
300,000  were  wounded.  General  Kuropatkin  admitted  that  on  October  2,  1905,  the  Russian 
strengrth  available  in  the  East  was  1,037,000  men,  of  which  870,000  were  in  the  field.  The 
Russian  losses  during  the  war  are  estimated  at  352,412,  the  actual  field  casualties  being: 
Killed,   23,008;   wounded,    121,486;    missing,    39,729. 


1905 


Although,  through  the  efforts  of  President  Roosevelt,  Russia  and  Japan  agreed  to  a 
peace  parley  in  June,  1905,  the  first  five  months  of  the  year  were  marked  by  bloody  battles, 
following  the  capitulation  of  Port  Arthur  to  the  Japs  on  January  2.  Among  all,  but  the 
two  warring  nations,  calm  prevailed,  and  the  year  in  the  United  States  was  an  exceptionally 
quiet  one.  On  January  28  Santo  Domingo  agreed  that  the  United  States  should  preserve 
order  and  assume  charge  of  finances  in  the  Dominican  Republic,  while  guaranteeing  terri- 
torial integrity.  In  pursuance  with  this  agreement  United  States  Minister  Dawson  arranged 
with  Santo  Domingo  for  the  temporary  collection  of  revenues  by  a  United  States  Commis- 
sioner March  25;  Theodore  Roosevelt  and  Charles  W.  Fairbanks  were  inaugurated  on  March 
4  as  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  for  the  term  1905-1909;  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court  declared  the  Beef  Trust  illegal  January  30;  the  investigation  into 
the  affairs  of  life  insurance  companies  in  New  York  began,  the  Equitable  being  the  first 
company  investigated,  April  S;  President  Roosevelt  left  "Washington  for  a  tw^o  months' 
vacation  visit  to  Texas  and  Colorado  April  3,  appointing  a  new  Panama  Canal  Con>mis- 
sion  before  starting;  American  Ambassador  Joseph  H.  Choate  was  elected  a  Bencher  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  London,  April  10;  the  body  of  John  Paul  Jones  was  discovered  in  Paris  by 
Gen.  Horace  Porter  April  14;  it  was  brought  with  honors  to  the  United  States  and  was 
Interred  in  a  temporary  tomb  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  July  24;  Andrew  Carnegie  gave  $10,000,000 
for  a  college  professors'  fund  in  the  United  States  April  27;  the  International  Railway 
Congress  opened  at  Washington  May  3;  dynamite  caused  the  death  of  20  people  and  injured 
100  others  In  a  railroad  wreck  near  Harrisburgh,  Pa.,  May  11;  a  tornado  at  Snyder,  Okla,, 
killed  100  people  and  injured  141  others  May  11;  the  Lewis  and  Clarke  Centennial  Exposi- 
tion was  opened  at  Portland,  Ore.,  May  28;  Mayor  Weaver  began  a  municipal  reform 
movement  In  Philadelphia  June  15:  Herbert  W.  Bowen,  Minister  to  Venezuela,  was  dis- 
missed by  the  President  for  circulating  alleged  unfounded  charges  against  Francis  B. 
Loomis,  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  June  20;  John  D.  Rockefeller  gave  $1,000,000  to  the 
permanent  endowment  fund  of  Yale  University  June  28,  and  $10,000,000  to  the  General 
Education  Board  for  the  endowment  of  small  colleges  June  30;  Charles  J.  Bonaparte  suc- 
ceeded Paul  Morton  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy  July  1;  Senator  John  H.  Mitchell,  of  Oregon, 
was  found  guilty  and  recommended  to  leniency  in  the  land  fraud  cases  July  4;  Elihu  Root 
was  appointed  to  succeed  the  late  John  Hay  as  Secretary  of  State  July  6;  Peary  sailed 
from  New  York  for  the  North  Pole  July  16;  a  Chinese  boycott  against  American  goods 
was  declared  July  19;  the  yellow  fever  broke  out  at  Nev/  Orleans  and  subsequently  extended 
to  neighboring  cities  July  20;  the  explosion  of  a  boiler  on  the  U.  S.  S.  Bennington  in  San 
Diego  harbor  killed  28  men  and  injured  100  others  July  21;  President  Roosevelt  addressed 
a  large  meeting,  of  miners  at  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.,  August  10;  the  President  conferred  with 
leaders  in  college  athletics  with  a  view  of^improving  standards  October  0;  on  October  18 
he  departed  from  Washington  on  a  tour  of  the  Southern  States,  and  on  October  26  was 
enthusiastically  received  at  New  Orleans;  Prince  Louis  of  Battenburg  arrived  at  Annapolis 
with  the  British  cruiser  squadron  on  a  visit  to  American  waters  November  1;  the  same 
squadron  visited  New  York  November  9-15,  where  the  Prince  was  wawnly  welcomed. 

Some  of  the  most  noticeable  events  abroad  in  1905  were:  The  Combes  ministry  in 
France  resigned  January  17;  a  saluting  battery  scattered  grape  shot  in  the  direction  of  the 
Czar  at  the  ceremony  of  the  Blessing  of  the  Neva  January  10;  M.  Rouvier,  in  France, 
formed  a  new  Cabinet,  retaining  MM.  Delcasse  and  Barteaux,  January  22.  Black  Sunday 
In  St.  Petersburgh,  Russia,  came  January  22,  when  Russian  strikers  attempted  to  present  n 


i02  A   Quarter -C en  tary  Record  of  Eveihts. 

petition  to  the  Czar,  and  were  fired  on  by  troops,  from  300  to  4,000  being  reported  killed; 
the  Czar  appointed  General  Trepoff  to  be  Governor-General  of  St.  Petersburgh  January  25; 
the  largest  diamond  in  the  world  was  discovered  in  the  Premier  mine,  South  Africa,  Jan- 
uary 27;  Warsaw.  Poland,  was  under  mob  rule  January  30;  Soisalon  Soinineu,  Procurator- 
General  of  Finland,  was  assassinated  at  Helsingfors  February  6;  Grand  Duke  Sergius,  uncle 
of  the  Czar,  was  assassinated  at  Moscow  February  17;  the  Simplon  Tunnel,  the  longest  in 
the  world,  was  opened  from  the  Swiss  and  Italian  sides  April  2;  the  Cretan  Assembly  pro- 
claimed a  union  of  Crete  with  Greece  April  21,  and  the  Powers  objected;  King  Alfonso 
arrived  in  London  on  a  visit  to  King  Edward  June  5;  M.  Delcasse  resigned  as  Foreign 
Minister  in  the  French  Cabinet  June  G;  the  dissolution  of  the  union  between  Sweden  and 
Norway  was  proclaimed  by  the  Norwegian  Parliament  June  8;  Theodorus  P.  Delyanius, 
the  Prime  Minister  of  Greece,  was  assassinated  June  13;  Warsaw  was  besieged,  200  persons 
were  arrested,  and  street  cars  overturned  to  barricade  shops  and  stores,  June  26;  a  mutiny 
broke  out  on  board  the  Russian  battleship  Kniaz  Potemkine  in  the  harbor  of  Odessa  June 
28;  the  mutineers  surrendered  the  vessel  to  Roumania  July  8;  a  Franco-German  agreement 
over  Morocco  was  announced  July  10;  Major-General  Count  Shuvaloff,  Prefect  of  the 
Moscow  Police,  was  fatally  shot  July  11;  the  Czar  of  Russia  and  Emperor  William  of 
Germany  held  a  conference  off  Borgo,  Finland,  July  23;  Secretary  Taft  and  party,  en  route 
for  the  Philippines,  were  enthusiastically  received  in  Japan  July  25;  the  vote  in  Norway 
on  dissolution  from  Sweden  was  practically  made  unanimous  on  August  13;  Lord 
Curzon  i-esigned  the  Viceroyship  of  India,  Earl  Minto  succeeding  him,  August  20;  there 
was  a  massacre  of  Jews  at  Kichineff,  Russia,  September  G;  Admiral  Togo's  flagship  was 
destroyed  by  an  explosion  and  509  lives  were  lost  September  13;  the  Czar  proposed  a  second 
Peace  Conference  at  The  Hague  September  18;  France  and  Germany  reached  an  agreement 
on  their  relations  with  Morocco  September  26;  England  and  Japan  signed  a  treaty  of  alli- 
ance, including  an  agreement  to  maintain  peace  in  Eastern  Asia  and  India,  and  preserve 
the  integrity  of  China.  September  27;  a  railroad  strike  spread  throughout  the  Russian 
Empire  October  24;  the  Czar  of  Russia  issued  a  manifesto  assuring  civil  liberty,  freedom 
of  the  pr^ss,  extension  of  the  suffrage  and  consent  of  the  Duma  in  the  enforcement  of  the 
laws  October  30;  Count  Witte  was  appointed  on  the  same  day  Chief  Minister  of  Russia; 
in  October  and  November  there  was  an  agitation  in  Hungary  for  concessions  from  Emperor 
Francis  Joseph;  5,000  Jews  were  reported  killed  in  Odessa  during  the  riots  November  2;  the 
Korean  Government  transferred  control  to  Japan  November  18;  the  Norwegian  Parliament 
unanimously  elected  Prince  Charles  of  Denmark  King  of  Norway;  he  assumed  the  title  of 
Haakon  VIT.,  and  took  the  oath  of  office  November  27;  the  Balfour  ministry  in  Great 
Britain  resigned  December  1;  the  Sultan  of  Turkey  submitted  to  the  demands  of  the  Powers 
concerning  Macedonia  December  14. 


1906 

Russia  was  the  only  great  nation  perturbed  during  the  year  1906,  and  its  troubles  were 
Internal.  Especially  during  June.  July  and  August  there  was  a  frequency  of  strikes, 
bomb  throwing,  assassinations  of  officials  and  other  insurrectionary  disturbances  in  Russia 
and  in  Poland.  Among  the  more  notable  incidents  of  the  twelve  months  in  the  Russian 
Empire  were:  Ex-Lieutenant  Schmidt,  the  Russian  naval  mutineer,  was  executed  at  Sevas- 
topol March  10;  M.  Witte  resigned  the  Russian  Premiership  May  2;  the  Czar  dissolved  the 
Russian  Duma  July  21,  and  members  of  the  Duma  issued  a  manifesto  from  Viborg,  Fin- 
land, July  23.  This  was  followed  July  31  by  mutinies  of  Russian  tro.>ps  in  Finland,  which 
were  suppressed  with  great  loss  of  life.  On  August  25  a  bomb  Mplosion  in  the  residence 
of  the  Russian  Premier.  Stolypin,  killed  and  wounded  fifty-four  persons.  The  Russian 
General  ISIin  was  assassinated  by  a  girl  at  Peterhof  August  26.  At  Sledlce,  Poland,  there 
was  a  massacre  of  Jews  on  September  8.  Gen.  Dmitri  Trepoff,  head  of  the  Russian  police 
system,  died  at  Peterhof  September  15.  Other  events  abroad  in  1006  were:  Armand  Fal- 
JUares  was  elected  President  of  the  French   Republic,  the  ballot  in  the  National  Assembly 


A    Quarter- Centur)/  Record  of  JEoents.  105 


being:  Fallieres,  440;  Dounier,  371;  scattering.  28;  the  steamer  Valencia  was  wrecked  off 
Vancouver  Island,  120  lives  being  lost  and  2f»  saved,  January  22;  the  Simplon  Tunnel  was 
opened  to  the  public  January  25;  King  Frederick  VII.  acceded  to  the  throne  of  Denmark 
January  30;  the  Rouvier  ministry  in  France  resigned  March  7;  a  mine  disaster  near  Pas-de- 
Calais.  France,  killed  1.000  miners  March  10;  an  earthquake  in  Formosa  killed  thousands 
and  destroyed  |45.000.0(X>  in  property  March  17;  the  Moroccan  conference  at  Algeciras 
reached  an  agreement  on  policing  Morocco  March  27,  and  adjourned  April  7;  the  volcano 
of  Vesuvius  was  in  violent  eruption,  causing  destruction  of  lives  and  property,  April  5-12; 
the  International  Exhibition  at  Milan,  Italy,  was  opened  April  29;  revolutionary  disturb- 
ances took  place  in  Macedonia  May  20-30;  the  International  Postage  Congress  at  Rome 
adjourned  May  26;  King  Alfonso  of  Spain  and  the  Princec.-;  Victoria  of  England  were  mar- 
ried at  Madrid  May  31;  King  Haakon  VII.  and  Queen  Maud  of  Norway  were  crowned  June 
22;  a  railway  wreck  at  Salisbury,  England,  killed  twenty-three  American  passengers  July  1; 
hostilities  broke  out  between  Salvador  and  Guatemala  July  8,  but  were  quickly  ended  by  a 
treaty  of  peace,  signed  at  San  Jose,  between  Salvador,  Honduras  and  Guatemala;  Capt. 
Alfred  Dreyfus  w'as  vindicated  by  the  French  court  of  last  resort  and  restored  to  the  army 
July  12;  the  fourteenth  conference  of  the  Inter-Parliamentary  Union  began  in  London  July 
23;  the  Pan-American  Conference  of  American  Republics  was  opened  at  Rio  de  Janeiro 
July  23.  and  Secretary  Root  addressed  the  Conference  July  27;  King  Edward  VII.  arrived 
in  Berlin  on  a  visit  to  the  Kaiser  August  15;  an  earthquake  and  fire  at  Valparaiso,  Chile, 
caused  great  loss  of  life  and  property  August  16-17;  the  Pope  issued  an  encyclical  concerning 
the  law  in  France  separating  the  Church  and  State  September  1;  the  Shah  opened  the  first 
Parliament  of  Persia  September  12;  a  statue  of  George  Washington  was  unveiled  at  Buda- 
pest September  15;  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Western  Australia  voted  for  secession  of 
the  State  from  the  Commonwealth  of  Australia  October  13;  the  Clemenceau  ministry  went 
into  office  in  France,  and  General  Picquart  was  appointed  Minister  of  War  October  20;  anti- 
clerical riots  took  place  in  Valencia,  Spain,  October  20;  by  the  wrecking  of  250  fishing  boats 
off  Boto  Island,  Japan,  800  persons  were  drowned  October  28;  the  law  separating  Church 
and  State  in  France  took  effect  December  11;  Emperor  William  dissolved  the  German 
Reichstag  for  refusing  to  vote  supplies  for  the  war  in  Southwest  Africa  December  13. 

In  the  L^nited  States  in  1906  the  White  House  was  the  scene  of  a  wedding  which 
attracted  wide  attention  on  February  17,  when  Miss  Alice  Roosevelt,  the  President's  oldest 
daughter,  became  the  bride  of  Representative  Nicholas  Longworth.  of  Ohio;  Meridian,  Miss., 
was  visited  by  a  destructive  cyclone  on  March  4;  600  Moros  were  killed  in  battle  with 
American  troops  and  constabulary  near  Jolo  March  8;  the  United  States  Supreme  Court 
decided  that  witnesses  in  anti-trust  proceedings  cannot  be  excused  from  testifying  against 
their  corporation  March  12;  the  anthracite  coal  miners  in  Pennsylvania  began  a  strike 
March  31  which  lasted  until  May  8,  when  the  strikers  accepted  the  operators'  terms; 
Greene  and  GajTior,  Government  embezzlers,  were  found  guilty  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  April  12; 
President  Roosevelt  made  an  address  at  W^ashington  on  the  "man  with  the  muck-rake," 
and  advocated  an  inheritance  tax  April  14;  earthquakes  and  fire  destroyed  a  large  part  of 
San  Francisco.  Cal.,  causing  a  loss  of  $400,000,000,  i^pril  lS-19;  the  remains  of  John  Paul 
Jones  were  reinterred  at  Annapolis  April  24;  the  Benjamin  Franklin  Bi-Centenary  was  cele- 
brated  at   Philadelphia   April   27;    the  reunion   of  the   Presbyterian   Church    (North)   and   the 

•Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  was  effected  at  Dee  Moines.  la..  May  24;  public  schools, 
with  half  a  million  pupils,  were  opened  in  the  Philippines  June  11;  the  President  signed  the 
Oklahoma  and  Arizona  Statehood  bills  June  16;  the  United  States  Senate  approved  of  the 
lock  canal  for  Panama  June  21;  Japanese  seal  poachers  were  killed  in  Alaskan  waters  July 

.16;  the  Standard  Oil  Company  was  indicted  at  Chicago  for  receiving  rebates  August  8;  In 
a    riot    at    Brownsville,    Tex^    several    soldiers    in    the    negro   battalion    of   the    Twenty-fifth 

.United  States  Infantry  killed  and  wounded  a  number  of  persons;  after  investigation  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt  issued  an  order  November  21  disbanding  the  regiment  "without  honor"  for 
complicity  in  the  rioting;  an  insurrectionary  movement  in  Cuba  was  begun  August  20,  and 
President  Palma  appealed  to  the  United  States  for  inter^-ention  in  the  island  September  8; 
on  September  13  American  marines  were  landed  at  Havana,  but  were  withdrawn;  on  Sep- 
tember 28  President  Palma,   of  Cuba,    resigned;   on  the  following  day  Secretary   Taft   pre- 


104  A   Quarter- Century  Record  of  Events, 

claimed  United  States  Intervention  in  Cuba  and  himself  as  Provisional  Governor;  on  October 
12  Mr.  Taft  was  succeeded  In  this  office  by  Charles  E.  Magoon;  the  Standard  Oil  Trust  was 
indicted  by  a  Federal  Grand  Jury  at  Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  for  accepting  unlawful  concessions 
in  railroad  rates  August  24;  President  Roosevelt  ordered  a  simplified  form  of  spelling  In 
the  Government  Printing  Office— as  official  complications  and  much  adverse  criticism 
ensued,  he  withdrew  the  order  December  14;  William  J.  Bryan  arrived  in  New  York  City 
from  a  long  trip  abroad  and  was  given  a  popular  reception  August  30;  a  great  naval  demon- 
stration off  Oyster  Bay  was  reviewed  by  the  President  September  8;  Gen.  James  F.  Smith 
was  installed  as  Governor  of  the  Philippine  Islands  September  20;  anti-negro  riots  at 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  resulted  in  lynchings,  and  the  city  was  placed  under  martial  law  September 
22;  the  Sugar  Trust  was  Indicted  at  New  York  for  accepting  railroad  rebates  October  2; 
contractors  were  invited  to  submit  proposals  for  the  completion  of  the  Panama  Canal  Sep- 
tember 10;  a  rehearing  in  the  case  of  Senator  Burton,  of  Kansas,  was  denied  by  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court,  and  his  imprisonment  began  October  15;  the  Japanese  were  excluded 
from  the  regular  public  schools  of  San  Francisco  October  15;  the  New  York  Central  and 
Hudson  River  Railroad  was  convicted  at  New  York  of  rebating  rates  in  violation  of  law 
October  17,  and  two  days  later  the  Standard  Oil  Company  of  Ohio  was  convicted  at  Findlay 
of  violating  the  Ohio  Anti-Trust  law;  a  drawbridge  railway  accident  near  Atlantic  City, 
N.  J.,  caused  the  loss  of  seventy  lives  October  28;  President  Roosevelt  departed  on  a  visit 
to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  November  8,  reaching  the  city  of  Panama  November  15,  this 
being  the  first  time  a  President  of  the  United  States  passed  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of  Its 
flag.  The  President  landed  in  Porto  Rico  November  21,  and  returned  thence  to  Washington, 
where  he  arrived  November  26. 


The  events  of  1907,  chronologically  arranged,  will  be  found  on  other  pages  of  this  Issue 
of  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  under  the  title,   "Record  of  Events  in  1907." 


As  is  obvious,  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  do  more  in  the  foregoing  quarter-century 
review  than  to  note  in  chronological  order  the  dates  of  the  most  important  happenings. 
Because  of  lack  of  space,  the  necrology  of  the  years  referred  to  has  also  been  ignored, 
although  death  struck  at  many  a  shining  mark.  From  year  to  year,  however,  THE  WORLD 
ALMANAC  has  printed  a  record  of  the  deaths  of  eminent  people,  and  has  also  referred, 
by  a  special  index,  to  valuable  papers,  reports  and  articles  published  in  THE  WORLD 
ALMANAC  for  preceding  years.  The  student,  therefore,  who  will  use  the  "Quarter-Century 
Record"  of  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  as  a  guide  to  exhaustive  study  will  find  it  exceed- 
ingly helpful,  and  will  be  led  into  many  paths  of  learning— just  as  a  reading  of  THE 
WORLD  from  day  to  day  insures  a  liberal  education.  None  of  the  events  chronicled  has 
escaped  the  attention  of  THE  WORLD,  and  from  THE  WORLD'S  columns  the  review  has 
been  made.  Elsewhere  in  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  for  1908  will  be  found  the  remarkable 
story  of  the  important  part  THE  WORLD  has  played  in  national  and  international  affairs, 
even  to  the  shaping  of  destinies  of  universal  interest  since  1883.  No  other  paper  has  been 
as  prominent  in  history  or  received  such  widespread  recognition  by  the  rulers  of  the  earth 
for  the  last  two  and  a  half  decades,  and  it  is  inseparably  connected  with  great  occurrences, 
with  progress  and  with  publicity.  Hence,  the  "Quarter-Century  Record  of  Events,"  and 
THE  WORLD'S  own  story,  "Pei-formance  Is  Better  Than  Promise,"  printed  elsewhere  in 
this  issue  of  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC,  should  be  read  in  conjunction. 

It  has  likewise  been  impossible  to  include  in  the  preceding  quarter-century  epitome 
many  dates  of  interesting  doings  in  the  field  of  sports,  the  drama,  music,  the  sciences, 
art,  medicine,  literature,  and  other  avenues  of  thought  and  action.  It  would  require  the 
entire  space  of  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  to  even  mention  these.  Annually,  however, 
THE  ALMANAC  gives  them  proper  place  in  its  review  of  noteworthy  incidents  that  have 
contributed  to  make  the  great  total  of  mundane  happenings  worth  recording.  Thus,  the 
purchaser  of  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  of  1908  who  preserves  this  volume,  and  who,  In 
future,  supplements  it  by  adding  the  yearly  issues,  will  always  have,  in  the  most  compact 
form  ever  published,  an  accurate,  comprehensive  and  valuable  history  collaborated  by  th© 
highest  authorities. 


THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  FOR  1908. 


105 


The  astronomical  calcnlatlons  in  this  work   were  expressly  made  for   it  by  Dr.    J.  Morrisou, 
and  are  expressed  in  local  Mean  Time. 


Chronological  Eras. 

The  year  1908,  which  is  a  leap  year,  corresponds  to  the  year  7416-17  of  the  Byzantine  era;  to 
5668-69  of  the  Jewish  era,  tlie  year  5609  commencing  at  sunselon  September  25;  to  2661  since  the 
foundation  of  Rome  accordinar  to  Varro;  to  2684  of  the  Olympiads  (the  fourth  year  of  the  671si  Olym- 
piad commencing  July  1,  1908);  to  2568  of  the  Japanese  era.  and  to  the  41st  of  theJNfeiji;  to 
1325-26  of  the  Mohammedan  era,  the  year  1326  commencing  on  February  4,  1908.  The  133d  year 
of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America  begins  on  July  4,  1908, 


Date  of  Beginning  of  Epochs,  Eras,  and  Periods. 


JVame. 

Grecian  Mundane  Era B.  c 

Civil  Era  of  Constantinople * ' 

Alexandrian  Era " 

Julian  Period " 

Mundane  Era " 

Jewish  Mundane  Era.. " 

Era  of  Abraham * ' 

Era  of  the  Olympiads ' ' 

Roman  Era  (A.  U.  C.  ) * ' 

Metouic  Cycle _ *  • 


Began. 

5598,  Sect.   1 

5508,  Sept.   1 

5.1D2,  Aug.  29 

4713,  Jan.     1 

4008,  Oct. 

3761.  Oct. 

2015,  Oct. 

776,  July 

753,  Apr.  24 

432,  July  15 


Name.  Berian. 

Grecian  orSyro- Macedonian  Era..B. 0.312,  Sept.  1 

Era  of  Maccabees "  lt;6,  r\'()V.U4 

Tyrian    Era •'  125,  Oct.   19 

Sidonian  Era **  110,  Oct.      1 

Julian  Year "     45,  .Ian.     1 

Spanish  Era .;.-. '*     3S,  Jan.     1 

Augustan  Era "     27,  Feb.  14 

Vulgar  Christian  Era a.  n.     l,Ja!i.     1 

Destruction  of  Jerusalem "     69,  Sept.   1 


Mohammedan  Era. 


622,  July  16 


Chronological  Cycles. 

Dominical  Letters ED  I  Lunar  Cycle  (Golden  Number)  9 

Epact „ 27  1  Solar  Cycle 13 


Roman  Indiction 6 

Julian  Period- 6621 


The  Seasons. 


Vernal  Equinox, 
Summer  Solstice, 
Autumnal  Equinox, 
Winter  Solstice, 


Spring 

begins 

March 

p. 
20 

H. 

7 

p. 

M 

Summer  begins 

June 

21 

3 

r. 

M 

Autumn 

begins 

September 

23 

6 

A. 

M 

Winter 

bcgi  ns 

December 

22 

1 

A. 

M 

Wa-'ihington  Mean   Time. 


Morning  Siars. 


Mercury.  —January  1  to  January  14 ;  February 
28  to  May  7;  July  4  to  August  20;  October  28  to 
December  23. 

Venus.  —July  5  to  end  of  year. 

Mars.  —August  22  to  end  of  j'ear, 

JupjTER.— January  1  to  January  29;  August  17 
to  end  of  year. 

Satubn.  —March  21  to  September  30. 


Evening  Stars. 


Mercury.  —January  14  to  February  28;  May  7 
to  July  4;  August  20  to  October  28;  December 
23  to  end  of  year. 

Vkxus.  —January  1  to  .Tuly  5. 

Mars.  -.January  1  to  August  22. 

Jupiter.  —January  29  to  August  17. 

SATtJRN. —January  1  to  March  21;  September 
30  to  end  of  year. 


Church  Memoranda  for  1908. 


January. 

1  Wednesday. 

6  Epiphany. 
12  i.  Sun.  aft.  Epiphany. 
19iL    " 
26iii,  ••       '•  '♦ 

February, 

1  Saturday. 

2  Purification. 

9  V.  Sun.  aft.  Epiphany. 
16  Septuagesima  Sunday 
23  Sexagesima  Sunday. 

March. 

IQuinquagesima  Sun. 

4  Ash  Wednesday. 
■I8  i.  Sunday  In  Lent. 
15  ii.       "        "      " 
22iii.     "         ••      " 
25  Annunciation. 
26Thurs.  (Mi-Careme). 
29  iv.   Sunday  in   Lent. 


April. 

1  Wednesday. 

5  V.    Sunday  in  Lent. 
il2  Palm  Sunday. 
I7(iOOd  Friday. 
19  Eastpr  Sunday. 
26  i.  Sunday  aft,  Easter. 

May. 

1  Friday. 

3  ii.  Sunday  aft.  Easter. 
lOiii.     " 
17iv.    "  " 

24  V.      "  "        " 

28  Ascension. 
31  Sunday  aft.  Ascension 

June. 

1  Monday. 

7  Whit  Sunday. 
14  Trinity  Sunday. 
21  i.  Sunday  aft.  Trinity. 
24  St  John  Baptist. 

28  ii.  Sunday  aft.  Trinity 

29  St.  Peter. 


July. 

1  Wednesday. 

5iii.  Sunday  aft.  Trinity 
12  iv.      " 
19v.        ••  •'  " 

25  St.  James. 

26  vi.  Sunday  aft.  Trinity 

AugusL 

1  Saturday. 

2  vii.  Sun.  aft.  Trinity, 
6  TransHguration. 

9  viii.  Sun.  aft.  Trinity. 
16ix.       •'       •• 

23  X.        ••       *•        •• 

24  St.  Bartholomew. 

30  xi.  Sun.  aft.  Trinity. 

September. 

1  Tuesday. 

6  xiU   Sun.  aft.  Trinity, 
13xiii.     "      " 
20xiy.     *•      •• 
■J.1  XX.      ••      "  " 

29  Michael  ma!) 


October. 

1  Thursday, 

4  xvi.  Sun,  aft.  Trinity, 
llxvii.     ••      " 
18xviii.   "      *♦         '• 
25xix,      '•      ••         •• 

November, 


Sun.  aft.  Trinity. 


1  XX. 

8  xxi. 
ISxxii.    •*      "         " 
22xxiii.  **      ♦•         " 

29  Advent  Sunday. 

30  St.  Andrew. 

December, 

1  Tuesday. 

6  ii.  Sunday  in  Advent. 
13iii, 

20  iv.       '♦        '*       " 

21  St.  Thomas, 
25  Christmas. 

27  St.  John  Evangelist. 

28  Innocents. 

31  Thursday. 


/ 


106  The  Ecclesiastical   Calendar. 

W^t  Scclrsfastical  i^alentrai*. 

(Prepared  for  The  Woki.d  Almanac  by  Dr.  J.  Morrison. ) 
This  form  of  Calendar  is  not  emploj'ed  for  computing  time  in  general,  but  for  determining  the  date 
of  certain  movable  Festivals  in  the  Christian  Church.  It  was  first  promulgated  by  the  Council  oJ  Nice 
A.  D.  325  and  subsequently  reformed  in  1582.  The  mathematical  discussion  of  it  presents  -^reat 
difficulties  by  reason  of  its  being  Luni-Solar.  It  requires  us  to  reconcile  three  periods  of  time,  viz. : 
the  week,  the  lunar  month  and  the  solar  year,  which  are  prime  to  each  other  or  have  no  common 
measureand,  therefore,canbedone  onl  v  approximately  by  corrections  which  vary  from  time  to  time. 
The  following  formulae  whose  discussion  is  far  too  abstruse  for  insertion  here,  will  enable  us 
to  determine  the  date  of  East«r  on  which  all  the  other  movable  Festivals  depend,  as  well  as  all  the 
other  quantities  thateuter  into  the  computation  of  ecclesiastical  dates. 

Let   ^=.  the  true  epact  of  any  given  year. 

J's.the  Julian  epact,  supposing  that  the  Julian  year  to  still  exist. 
iV=»the  (iolden  Number  or  Lunar  Cycle. 
cS—  a  correction  due  to  the  Solar  year. 
3/«=  a  correction  due  to  the  Lunar  month. 
F«=  any  given  year. 
Now  J'is  determined  by  the  fact  that  in  1582,  the  first  year  of. the  reformed  Calendar,  ^V  was  6 
and  J  26. 

Therefore  for  the  following  years  JV  and  J  were 

1583,  ;\=  7,  J^=  26+11-30=.  7 

1584,  ^V=  8,  J"—  7+11 =18 

1585,  A=  9,  J'-lS+ll =29 


1586,  ^'=10,  J  =.29+1 1-30- 10 

1587,  iV=ll,  J  =10+11 -21 

&C.  &C.  &CJU 


or   since   the   remainder   oniy  is 
(1) 


Therefore  in  general  we  have  / ';6  +  11  (JV— 6)  \ 

j^  V~  30  / 

(11  iV-  40  \ 
30         /  r, 
wanted,  the  above  becomes  /  y  j^  10  (JV  —  1)  N 

^  °^  V  30  / ' 

where  the  subscript  r  signifies  the  remainder  after  dividing  by  30. 

8ince  1600  was  a  leap  year,  and  1700,  1800  and  1900  common  years,  J"  must  be  diminished  by 
unity  every  centesimal  year,  the  first  correction  was  in  1700,  the  second  in  1800,  etc.,  hence  if  we 
denote  by  c  the  number  of  the  century,  the  corrections  for  the  Solar  year  will  be 

.S- (c-16)    +     /'-^^^i^'\ (2) 

\       4.      J  w 

the  subscript  ?«' signifying  that  the  whole  number  only  is  wanted. 
For  the  lunar  correction  we  find  /  ^  _  i.«^  \ 

•"-(^-F^>» • *'* 

We  also  have  .V=  ^-^  "^    ^  ^ (4) 

V        19       )r 

Then  for  tlie  epact  w^e  shall  have    ^  =  J  +  -9  +  -i/. 

Let    Z->  number  of  the  Dominical  letter  of  the  year. 

I  •=»  number  of  the  letter  belonging  to  the  day  on  which  the  15th  of  the  Moon  falls, 
P— the  number  of  days  from  21st  March  to  the  15lh  of  the  Paschal  Moon  which  is  the  first 

day  on  which  Easter  can  fall. 
p  —  number  of  days  from  21st  of  March  to  Easter. 


Then  I,  -  7  ?H    +    6-     Y  ~  ( —\     +    c-16. 

\  4.  )  w 


.(6) 


Where  m  must  be  taken  such  as  will  make  L  a  positive  whole  number.     Tliis  determines  the 
Dominical  letter. 

Since  Easter  is  the  Sunday  following  the  14th  of  tlie  Moon  we  shall  find 

p^P   +    (2/-0 (7) 

Now  Pcan  never  be  less  than  1,  nor  /  less  than  4,  and  in  both  cases  A' —23,  but  when  E  is  greater 
than  23  we  must  add  30  in  order  that  /^and  I  may  have  positive  values  in  the  formulse. 

P  =  24-jB   and    I  =>  27— iJ 
There  can  then  be  two  cases,  viz. : 

and  when  K  greater  than  23,  P  =  b4  —  K  and  I  =  (  — '- I 

\        7         /  r 
then  p  becomes  known  from  (7)  and 

Easter  =  Marcli  21    +    p. 
if  however  (L  —  I)  become  zero  or  negative, 7  or  a  luuliiple  of  it  must  be  added  in  order  to  make 
(L  —  I  )  K  positive  whole  number. 

Ex.  —Find  tlie  (Joldea  Number,  Epact.  date  of  Easter,  etc.,  rt)r  1909. 
Here  we  have  c  =-  19  and  Y  —  1909. 


When  jPless  than  24,  P  -  24  —  J?  and  I 

r 


Then  c-16  -3 „- (-^4-^'^)     ,T  ^   ''''^  ('''^~) 


-  1 


kmidard  Time.  107 


'IHE   KCCL£SIASTICAL  CALENDAR— CoH,'mj/<r^. 


By  (4)  we  bavt;  ^^  —  i  }^^-.^i^\    =  10,  the  Golden  Number. 

\         19        J  r 
By  (6)  we  have 

E  -=  /'.l^.+M  \      -3  +  0  +  1  =  8,  the  Epact. 
V        :iO        )  r 

Bv  (6)        7-  =  7  /"  +  6  "  1909  —  477  +  3. 

=  7  ?»  -  2377 

=  23H0    -  2377  =  3,  therefore  nomiiiieal  T,etter  -.  C. 
Here  /»  nuisi  he  tiken  =  340  to  make  L  posiiivf. 


P  =  24  -  i-;  =  16  and  i  =  f~ ^\      =5 

hence,  Z  —  /  =  3  —  5  +  7  =  5    (7  must  he  added  to  make  (  L  —  I  )  positive). 
p=P  +  (i-i)  =  l«  +  5=    21. 
Easter  =  March  21  +  21  =  March  42  =  April  11. 


JBi\}inionu   of   ^tme. 

The  int^i'val  between  two  consecutive  transits  of  a  fixed  star  over  any  meridian  or  the  interval 
dnring  which  theearth  makes  one  absolute  revolution  on  its  axis  is  called  a  Sidereal  iJay,  and  is  invari- 
able, while  the  interval  between  two  consecutive  transits  of  the  .Sun  over  any  meridian  is  called  an 
Apparent  Solar  Day,  and  its  length  varies  from  da}'  to  day  bj'  reason  of  the  variable  motion  of  the 
earth  in  its  orbit,  and  the  inclination  of  this  orWt  to  the  equator  on  which  time  is  measured. 

A  3Iean  Solar  Day  is  the  average  or  mean  of  aM  the  apparent  solar  days  in  a  year.  Mean  Solar 
Tfrn^  is  that  shown  by'a  well-regulated  clock  or  watch,  whW^  Appaven I  Solar  Time  is  that  shown  by  a 
well-constructed  sun-dial;  the  difference  between  the  two  at  anytime  is  the  Eqnationof  Time,  and 
may  amount  to  16  minutes  ant  21  seconds.  'I'he  Astronomical  Day  begins  at  noon  and  the  Civil  fJay 
at  the  preceding  midnight.  The  Sidereal  au<l  Mean  Solar  Days  are  both  invariable,  but  one  day  of  the 
latter  is  equal  to  1  day,  3  minutes,  and  56. 555  seconds  of  the  former. 

The  interval  during  which  the  eartn  mases  one  absolute  revolution  round  the  Sun  is  called  a  Side- 
real Year,  and  consists  of  365  days.  6  hours.  9  minutes,  and  9.6  seconds,  which  is  invariable. 

The  Tropical  Year  is  the  interval  between  two  consecutive  returns  of  the  Sim  to  the  Vernal 
Kquinox.  If  this  svere  a  fixed  point,  the  Sidei'eal  and  Tropical  Years  would  be  identical ;  but  in  con.se- 
quenceof  the  disturbing  influence  of  the  Moon  and  planets  on  the  spheroidal  figure  of  theearth,  the 
Kquinox  has  a  slow,  retrograde  mean  motion  of  50".  26  annually,  so  that  the  Sim  returns  to  the  Equi- 
nox sooner  every  year  than  he  otherwise  would  by  20  minutes  23. 6  seconds;  the  Tropical  Y'ear,  there- 
fore, consists  of  365  days,  5  hours,  48  minutes,  and  46  seconds.  The  Tropical  Year  is  not  of  uniform 
length ;  it  is  now  slowly  decreasing  at  the  rate  of .  695  second  per  century,  but  this  variation  will  not 
always  continue. 

Julius  C;es5vr,  in  'B.C.  45,  was  the  first  to  reform  the  calendar  by  ordering  that  ever.v  year  whose 
date  ninnber  is  exactly  divisible  b.v  4  contain  366  days,  and  all  other  years  365  days.  The  intercalarj' 
day  was  introduced  by  counting  the  sixth  day  before  the  Kalends  of  March  twice;  hence  the  name 
bissextile,  from  bis,  twice,  and  sex,  six.  He  also  changed  the  beginningof  the  year  from  1st  of  March 
to  the  1st  of  .January,  and  also  changed  the  name  of  the  fifth  month  (Quintilis)  to  July,  after  himself. 
The  average  length  of  the  Julian  ye^r  is  therefore  365^  days,  which,  however,  is  too  long  by  11 
minutesand  14  seconds,  and  this  would  accumulate  in  400  years  to  about  three  days.  The  Julian 
Calendar  continued  in  use  until  a.  v>.  l.")82,  when  the  date  of  the  beginning  of  th^  sea.s6us  occurred  10 
dayslat«r  than  in  b.  c.  4."),  when  this  mode  of  reckoning  time  was  introduced. 

The  (Tregorian  Calendar  was  introduced  by  Pope  Gregory  XTII.'  with  the  view  of  keeping  the  Equi- 
nox to  the  same  day  of  the  month.  It  consists  of  36.")  days,  but  every  year  exactly  divisible  by  4  and 
the  ceuturial  years  which  are  exactly  divisible  by  400  contain  366  days;  and  if  in  addition  to  this 
arbitrary  arrapgeineut  the  ceuturial  years  exactly  divisible  by  4,000  contain  366  days,  the  error  in  the 
Gregorian  system  will  amount  to  onlj^  one  day  in  about  20  centuries.  If,  however.  31  leap  years 
were  intercalated  in  128  years,  instead  of  32  as  at  present,  the  calendar  would  be  practically  exact 
and  the  error  would  not  amount  to  more  than  a  day  in  100,000  years.  The  length  of  the  mean 
Gregorian  Year  may  therefore  be  set  down  at  365  days!^  5  hours.  49  minutes,  12  seconds.  The  Gregor- 
ian Calendar  wi^  introduced  into  England  and  her  colonies  in  1752.  at  which  time  the  Equinox  had 
retrograded  11  days  since  the  Council  of  Xice  in  a.  d.  325,  when  the  festival  of  Easter  was  established 
and  the  Equinox  occurred  on  March  21:  hence  September  3.  1752.  was  called  September  14.  and 
at  the  same  time  the  commencement  of  the  legal  year  was  changred  from  March  25  to  January  1.  so 
that  the  year  1751  lost  the  months  of  .Tanuary  and  February  and  the  first  24  days  of  March.  The  dif- 
ference between  the  Julian  and  Gregorian  Calendars  is  now  13  days.  Russia  and  the  Greek  Church 
still  employ  the  Julian  Calendar  for  civil  and  ecclesiastical  purposes. 

pRrMARtLY.  for  the  convenience  of  the  railroai^s.  a  standard  of  time  was  established  by  mutual 
agreement  in  1883,  by  which  trains  are  nni  and  local  time  regulated.  According  to  this  system,  the 
United  States,  extending  from  65o  to  12.}0  west  longitude,  is  divided  into  four  time  sections,  each  of 
350  of  longitude,  exactly  equivalent  to  one  hour,  commencing  with  the  75th  meridian.  The  first 
(eastern)  section  includes  all  territorv  between  the  Atlantic  Coast  and  an  irregular  line  drawn  from 
Detroit  to  Charleston.  S.  C. ,  the  latter  being  its  most  southern  point.  The  second  (central)  section 
includes  all  the  territory  between  the  last-named  line  and  an  irregular  line  from  Bismarck.  N.  D..  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande.  The  third  Cmountain  .  section  includes  all  territorv  bet%veen  the  last- 
named  line  and  nearly  the  western  borders  of  Idaho,  TTtah.  and  Arizona,  The  fourth  (Pacific)  sec- 
tion covers  the  rest  of  the  country  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  Standard  time  is  uniform  inside  each  of  these 
sections,  and  the  time  of  each  section  differs  from  that  next  to  it  by  exactly  one  hour.  Thus  at  12 
noon  in  New  York  City  (eastern  time),  the  time  at  Chicago  (central  time)  is  11  o'clock  a.m.;  at 
Denver  (mountain  time),  10  o'clock  a.m..  and  at  San  Francisco  (Pacific  time),  9  o'clock  a.m. 
Standard  time  is  16  minutes  slower  at  Boston  than  true  local  time.  4  minutes  slower  at  New  York,  8 
minutes  faster  at  Washinsrton.  19  minutes  faster  at  Charleston,  28  minutes  slower  at  Detroit,  18 
minutes  faster  at  Kansas  Cttv,  10  minutes  slower  at  Chicaeo.  1  minute  faster  at  St  Louis,  28  mimitea 
faster  at  Salt   Dake  CTtv,  and  10  minutes  faster  at  San  Francisco. 


ioB 


Easter  Sunday, 


^at)U  of  Bass  l^cttDcrn  ^Uio  Urates. 

A  TABLE  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  BETWEEIS  ANY  TWO  DAYS  WITHIN  TWO  YEARS 

1 

s 

1 

32 

P. 
< 

i 

• 
a 

-3 

• 
►-5 

< 

213 

Sept. 

Oct. 

> 

o 

d 

Q 

1 

d 
OS 

366 

i 

< 

• 

s 
s 

•-3 

be 
< 
678 

p. 

4/ 
■Jl 

8 

• 

1 

1 

60 

91    121 

152    182 

244 

274 

305 

335 

397 

426 

456 

486 

617 

547 

609 

639 

670 

700 

2 

2 

33 

61 

92   122 

1531  183 

214 

245 

275 

306 

336 

2 

367 

398 

426 

457 

487 

518 

548 

57<», 

610 

640 

671 

701 

3 

3 

34 

62 

93;  123 

154[  184 

215 

246 

276 

307 

337 

3 

368 

399 

427 

458 

488 

519 

549 

5b«| 

611 

641 

672 

702 

4 

i 

35 

63 

94j  124 

155,  185 

216 

247 

277 

308 

338 

4 

369 

400 

428 

459 

489 

520 

550 

5^'ll 

612 

642 

673 

703 

5 

5 

36 

64 

95   125 

1561  186 

217 

248 

278 

309 

339 

5 

370 

401 

429 

460 

49C 

521 

551 

582' 

613 

643 

674 

704 

6 

6 

37 

65 

96   126 

157 

187 

218 

249 

279 

310 

340 

6 

371 

402 

430   461 

491 

522 

552 

583 

614 

644 

675 

705 

7 

7 

38 

66 

97    127 

158 

188 

219 

250 

280 

311 

341 

7 

372 

403 

431   462 

492 

523 

553 

584 

615 

645 

676 

706 

8 

8 

39 

67 

98   128 

159    189 

220 

251 

281 

312 

342 

8 

373 

404 

432!  463 

493 

524 

554 

585 

616 

646 

677 

707 

9 

q 

40 

68 

99   129 

160    190 

221 

252 

282 

313 

343 

9 

374 

405 

433 

464 

494 

525 

555 

586 

617 

647 

678 

708 

10 

10 

41 

69   100   130 

161i  191 

222 

253 

283 

314 

344 

10 

375 

406 

434 

465 

495'  526 

556 

587 

618 

648 

679 

709 

11 

11 

42 

70   101    ISl 

1621  192 

223 

254 

284 

315 

345 

11 

376 

407 

435 

466 

496;  527 

557 

588 

619 

649 

680 

710 

12   12 

43 

71!  102,  132 

163,  193 

224 

255 

285 

316 

346 

12 

377 

408 

436 

467 

497    528 

558 

589 

620 

650 

681 

711 

13 

13 

14 

721  I03l  133 

164|  194 

225 

256 

286 

317 

347 

13 

378 

409 

437 

468 

498    529 

559 

690 

621 

651 

682 

712 

14 

14 

45 

73i  104j  134 

165   195 

226 

257 

287 

318 

348 

14 

379 

410 

438 

469 

499 

53(1 

560 

591 

622 

652   683!  713 

15 

15 

46 

74l  105   135 

166   196 

227 

258 

288 

319!  349 

15 

380 

411 

439 

470 

500 

531 

561 

592 

623 

653   684   714 

16 

16 

47 

75 

106   136 

167    197 

228 

259 

289 

320|  350 

16 

381 

412 

440 

471 

501 

532 

562 

593  624!  6541  685!  715 

17 

17 

48 

76 

107    137 

168 

198 

229 

260 

290 

321 

351 

17 

382 

413 

441 

472 

502 

533 

563 

694    325 

6561  686;  716 

18,  18 

49 

77 

108   138 

169 

199 

230 

261 

291 

322 

352 

18 

383 

414 

442 

473 

503 

534 

564 

695   626 

656 

687!  717 

191  19 

50 

78 

109 

139 

170 

200 

231 

262 

292 

323 

353 

19 

384 

415 

443   474 

504 

535 

565 

596   627 

657 

688;  718 

1^0 1  20 

51 

79   110 

140 

171 

201 

232 

263 

293 

324 

:t54 

20 

385 

416 

444;  476 

505 

536 

566 

597   628 

668 

5891  719 

21 

21 

52 

SO   111 

141 

172 

2021   233 

264 

294 

325 

555 

21 

3!^6 

417 

445!  476 

506 

537 

567 

698   62S 

659 

6901  720 

22 

22,53 

81 

112 

142 

173 

203 

234 

265 

295 

326 

156 

2^2 

387 

418 

44e 

477 

507 

638 

568 

599,  63( 

660 

691:  721 

23 

23   54 

82 

113    143 

174 

204 

2:^ 

266 

296 

327 

(57 

23 

38* 

419 

447 

478 

608 

5Sf1 

569 

600 

631 

661 

692 1  722 

24 

24    55 

83 

114 

144 

175 

205 

2361  267 

297 

328 

358 

24 

38J 

t    42C 

44^ 

479 

509   54t 

570 

601 

632 

662 

693  723 

25 

25 

56 

84 

115 

145 

176 

20fi 

237 

268 

29^ 

3i?8 

359 

25 

391 

)   ^\ 

449!  48C 

510   541 

571 

602 

633 

663 

594  724 

26 

26 

57 

85 

116 

146 

177 

207 

23* 

(    269 

29f 

>    33C 

360 

2€ 

391    42i 

45( 

)   481 

511  M-: 

57S 

603 

631 

664 

695,  725 

27 

27 

58 

86 

117 

147 

178 

20S 

23« 

t    27C 

•m 

)    331 

;461 

27 

892   42J 

451 

48£ 

61il  54? 

57c 

604 

6351  666 

696   726 

28 

28 

59 

87 

118 

148    179 

20i 

24( 

)    271 

m 

L    33: 

!    362 

2b 

>    3931  42^ 

452!  483!  51?-!  544 

574 

605 

636'  666 

697,  727 

29 

2S 

88 

119 

149   180 

2K 

)    24] 

L    27[ 

!    30: 

2    33J 

5    363     29,  394!.. . 

453'  484    514    54c 

)  57c 

>  606 

637;  667 

698  728 

30 

3t 

89i  120 

150   181 

211 

24^ 

I   27i 

5  3o: 

}   33: 

I    364    3C 

)   395... 

454;  485,  515   54t 

)   57€ 

>  607 

638i  668 

699  729 

31 

311   . 

90... 

151  .. . 

2121   2431... 

30- 

1  ... 

365    31 

.    396    . 

455  ....1  516'... 

57'/ 

608i  ...t  6691   .   .1730 

The  above  table  applies  to  ordiuary  years  only.  For  leap  year,  cue  day  must  be  added  to  each 
number  of  days  after  February  28. 

EX.4MPLK.  —To  find  the  number  of  days  between  June  3,  1900,  and  February  16,  1901 :  The  fig- 
uresopposite  the  third  day  ia  the  first  June  column  are  154;  those  opposite  the  sixteenth  day  in  the 
second  February  column  are  412.  Subtract  the  first  from  the  second  product— i.  e. ,  164  from  412,  and 
the  result  is  258,  the  number  of  days  between  the  two  dates. 


ISaster  SuuTrag* 


A  Table  Showing  the  Date. of  Easter  Sunday   in  Each  Year  of  the  Nineteenth  anp 

Twentieth  Centuries. 


1801 

1802 

1803- 

1804- 

1805- 

1806- 

1807- 

1808- 

1809- 

1810- 

1811- 

1812- 

1813- 

1814- 

1815- 

1816- 

1817 

1818- 

1819- 

1820 

1821- 

1822- 

1823- 

1824- 

1825 

1826 

1827 

1828 

1829 

1830 

1831 

1832 

18:33 

J834 


•April    5. 

■April  18. 

April  10. 

April    1. 

•April  14 

•April    6. 

-Mar.   29. 

-April  17. 

-April    2. 

-April  22. 

-April  14. 

-Mar.  29. 

-April  18. 

-April  10. 

-Mar.   26. 

-April  1-4. 

-April    6. 

-Mar.  22. 

-April  11. 

-April    2. 

-April  '22. 

-April    7. 

-Mar.  30. 

-April  18 

-April    3. 

-Mar.  26. 

-April  15. 

-April    6. 

-April  19. 
—April  11, 
-April  3, 
;— April  22, 
—April    7 

-Mar.  30, 


1836-April  19. 
1836-April    3. 
1837— Mar.   26. 
1838— April  15. 
1839— Mar.    31. 
1840-April  19. 
1841— April  11. 
1842-Mar.   27. 
1843— April  16. 
1844— April    7. 
1845-Mar.    23. 
■1846-April  12. 
1847-April    4. 
1848— April  23. 
1849— April    8. 
1850-Mar.   31. 
1851- April  20. 
1852- April  H. 
1853-Mar.    27. 
1854-April  16. 
1855-April     8. 

1856-Mar.   23. 
1857-April  12. 

1858-April    4. 

1859-April  24. 

1860-April    8. 

1861-Mar.    31. 

1862-April  20. 

1863— April    5. 

1864-Mar.    27. 

1865-April  16. 

1866-April    1. 

1867— April  21. 

1868-ApriI  12. 


1869 
1870 
1871- 

1872— 

1873- 

1874- 

1876- 

1876- 

1877- 

1878- 

1879- 

1880- 

1881- 

1882- 

1883- 

1884- 

1885- 

1886- 

1887- 

1888 

lfi89 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 


28. 
17. 

9. 
31. 
13. 

5. 
28. 


Mar 

■April 

April 

Mar. 

April 

April 

M"ar.    __. 

■April  16. 

■April     1. 

-April  21. 

-April  13. 

-lilar.    28. 

-April  17. 

-April    9. 

-Mar.   25. 

-April  13. 

-April    5. 

-April  26. 

-April  10. 

-April    1. 

-April  21. 

-April    6. 

-Mar.  29. 

-April  17. 
i— April  2. 
—Mar.  25. 
I— ApiMl  14. 
i— April  5, 
—April  18, 
t— April  10, 
'—April  2, 
I— April  15, 
—April    7, 


1902- 

1903- 

19U4- 

1905- 

1906- 

1907- 

1908- 

1909- 

1910- 

1911- 

1912- 

1913- 

1914- 

1915- 

1916- 

1917- 

1918 

1919 

1920 

1921 

1922 

1923 

1924 

J  925 

1926 

1 1927 

'  1928 

1929 

1930 

1931 

1932 

1933 

1934 


-Mar.   30. 
-April  12. 
-April     3. 
-April  23. 
-April  15. 
-Mar.  31. 
-April  19. 
-April  IL 
-Mar.    27. 
-April  16. 
-April    7. 
-Mar.  23. 
-April  12. 
-April    4. 
-April  23. 
-April     8. 
-Mar.   31. 
-April  20. 
—A  pril     4. 
-Mar.   27. 
-April  16. 
-April    1. 
-April  20. 
-April  12. 
—April    4. 
—April  17. 
-April    8. 
-:Mar.   31. 
-April  20. 
—April     5. 
-Mar.   27. 
-April  16. 
—April    1. 


1935-April21. 
1936-Aprill2. 
1937— Mar.  28. 
1938-April  17. 
1939-Apri]    9. 
1940-Mar.  24. 
1941— April  13. 
1942— April    5. 
1943~April25. 
1944— April    9. 
1945-April    1. 
1946-April  21. 
1947— April    6. 
1948-Mar.  28. 
1949-Aprill7. 
1950— April    9. 
1951-Mar.  25. 
1952-Aprill3. 
1953-April    5. 
1954-Aprii  18. 
1955-April  10. 
1956-April    1. 
1957-April  21. 
i  19o8-April    6 
1959 -Mar.   29. 
1960-April  17. 
1961-April    2. 
1962-April  22. 
1963— April  14. 
1964— Mar.  29. 
1965- April  18. 
1966— April  10. 
1967-Mar.  26. 


1968— April  14. 
1969-April  6- 
1970-Mar.  29- 
1971-Aprilll- 
1972-April  2. 
1973— April  22- 
1974-April  14- 
1976— Mar.  30. 
1976-April  18. 
1977— April  la 
1978-Llar.  26. 
1979-April  16. 
1980— April  6. 
li^Sl —April  19. 
1982-April  11. 
1983-April  3. 
1984— April  22. 
1985-April  7. 
1986-Mar.  30. 
1987— April  19. 
1988— April  3. 
1989-Mar.  26. 
1990-April  15. 
1991— ]Mar.  31. 
1992-Aprill9. 

1993— April  11. 
1994-April  3. 
1995-April  la 
1996-April  7. 
1997— Mar.  30. 
1998— A  pril  12. 
1999— April  4. 
2000-April23. 


^reezing^  Fusing,  and  Boiling  Points. 


109 


STime  difference. 


'Clock  Noon. 

ACCuRDI.NG   TO 

At 

Whxm  It  la  13  o 

Eastern 

(a) 

Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

London. 

Paris. 

Standard  Time  in  the  United  States. 

IT  IS  AT 

Aden Arabia 

Amsterdam HoUaiid 

Athens .(ireeoe 

8.00  P.M. 
5.20  P.M. 
6.35  P.  M. 
5.54  P.M. 
9.51  P.  M. 

5.33  P.M. 

11.00   A.M. 

6.56  P.M. 
5.50  P.M. 

4.34  P.M. 

5.10  P.M. 
5.00   P.  M. 
12.37  A.  M.* 
6.29  A.M. 
4.48  P.  M. 
5.00  P.  M. 
4.45  P.M. 

1.04   A.M.' 

2.40  A.M.* 

10.00   A.M. 

9.00  A.M. 

5.09  P.M. 
5.50  P.M. 
6.12  P.M. 

7.01  P.M. 
6.06  P.M. 

2.19  A.M.* 

9.00  P.  M. 
6.20  P.  M. 
7.35  P.  M. 
6.54  P.  M. 
10.51  P.M. 
6.33  P.M. 

7.56  P.M. 
6.50  P.  M. 
5.35  P.  M. 
1.00  P.M. 
6.40  P.M. 
6.00  P.  M. 

1.37  A.M.* 

7.29  A.M. 
5.48  P.  M. 

6.00  P.M. 
5.45  P.  M. 
2.04  A.M.* 
3.40  A.M.* 

11.00   A.M. 
10.00   A.M. 

6.09  p.  M. 
6.50  P.  M. 
7JL2  P.M. 

8.01  P  M. 
7.06  P.M. 

3.19  A.M.* 

10.00  P.  M. 

7.20  P.M. 

8.35  P.  M. 

7.54  P.  M. 
11.51  P.  M. 

7.33  P.M. 

1.00  P.  M. 

8.66  P.M. 

7.50  P.  M. 

6.35  P.  M. 

2.00  P.  M. 

7.40  P.  M. 

7.00  P   M. 

2.37  A.M.* 

8.29  A.  M. 

6.48  P.M. 

7.00  P.  M. 
6.45  P.  M. 
3.04  A.M.* 
4.40  A.M.* 

11.00  A.M. 
7.09  P.  M. 
7.50  P.  M. 
8.12  P.M. 

9.01  P.  M. 
8.06  P.M. 

4.19  A.M.* 

11.00  P.M. 
8.20  P.  M. 

9.36  P.  M. 
8. .54  P.  M. 

12.51   A.  M. 

8.-33  P.  M. 
2.U0  p.  M. 
9.66  P.  M. 
8.50  P.  M. 
7.35  P.M. 
3.00  P.  M. 
8.40  P.  M. 
8.00  P.M. 

3.37  A.M.* 
9.29  A.M. 
7.48  p.  M. 
8.t'0  p.  M. 
7.45  P.M. 
4.04  A.M.* 
5.40  A.  M.* 
1.00  P.M. 

8.09  P.  M. 
8.50  P.M. 
9  J2  P.  M. 

10.01  P.M. 
9.06  P.M. 
5.19  A.M.* 

3.00  P.  M. 
12.20  P.  M. 

1.35  P.M. 
12.54  P.M. 

4.51  P.  M. 
,12.33  P.  M. 
1  6.09  A.M. 
1  1.56  P  M. 
12.50  P.  M 
11.35  A,  M. 

7.00  A.M. 

12.40  P.M. 

12     XOON 

'  7.37  V.  M. 

1.29  a.m. 

11.48  A.  M. 
11.45  A.  M. 

8.U4  P.  M. 
9.40  P.M. 

5.00  A.M. 

4.00  A.M. 

12.09  P.M. 
12.50  p.  M. 

1.12    P.M. 

2.01  P.  M. 
1.06  P.  M. 
9.19  P.M. 

2.51  P.  M. 

12.10  p.  M. 

1  26  P  M. 

Berlin 

Bombay 

Germany 

India 

12.45  P.M. 
4.42  p.  M. 

Bremen 

Central  Time  (b)... 

Constantinople 

Copenhagen 

Dublin 

Eastern  Time  (a). . 

Hamburg 

Havre 

HonsT  Konff 

Germany 

.United  States 

Turkey 

Denmark 

Ireland 

..United  States 

Gtermauj' 

France 

China 

12.23  P.  M. 

5.51  A.  M. 

1  47  p.  M. 
12.41  P.M. 
11.26  A..vf. 

6.51  P.M. 

12.31  A.  M. 
11 .51  A .  M. 

7  27  P.  M. 

Honolulu 

LiverpooL 

London, 

Madrid  

Hawaii 

England 

England 

Snniii 

1.19  A.M. 

11.39  a.m. 
11.51  a.m. 

11  36  A.  M. 

Manila. Philippine  Islands 

Melbourne Australia 

7.54  P.  M. 
9.31  P.  M. 

Mountain  Time  (c). 

Pacific  Time (d) 

Paris .....a.... 

.United  States 
.United  States 
France 

4.51  A.M. 
3,51  A.  M. 

Rome 

Italy 

12.41  P.M. 

Stockholm 

••••....Sweden 

1.03  P.M. 

St.  Petersburg 

Vienna 

...Russia 

Austria 

].52  P.M. 
12.67  P.  M. 

Yokohama 

Japan 

9.09  P.  M. 

*  At  places  marked  *  ihe  time  noted  is  in  the  morning  of  the  followino  day. 

(a)  "  Eastkkn  "  includes:  New  York,  Boston,   Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Washington,  Richmond,  Norfolk,  Charleston,  Buf- 
falo,  Pittsburgh,  Montreal,  Quebec,  Ottawa,  Toro  nto,  etc. 

(b)  "Cfntral"  includes  :  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul,  Milw.iukee,  Kansas  City,  Omaha,  Indianapolis,  Cin- 
cinnati,  Cleveland,  Detroit,  New  Orleans,  Memphis,  Savann-h,  Pensacola,  AVinnipeg,  etc. 

(c)  "Mountain"  includes  :  Denver,  Leadville,   Colorado  Springs,  Helena,  Kegina,  (N.  W.  T.),  etc. 

(d)  **  Pacific  "  includes  t  San  Francisco,  Portland  (^Oregon j,  Victoria,  V'ancouyer,  Tacoma,  Seattle,  etc 


.Specific  <25rrat)itg/ 


Liq-idds. 


Thnber. 


Sundries. 


Metals  and  Stones. 


Water 

Sea-water 

Dead  Sea 

Alcohol 

Turpentine 

Wine 

Urine 

Cider 

Beer 

Woman's  milk., 
Cow's  "  „ 
Goat's  "  . 
Porter 


.100 
.103 
.124 
,.  84j 
..  99  i 
.100 
.101 
.102 
,.102 
,.1021 
.103, 
,.104 
.1041 


Cork 24 

Poplar 38 

Fir 55 

Cedar 61 

Pear 66 

Walnut 67 

Cherry 72 

Maple -  75 

Ash 84 

Beech 85 

Mahogany 106 

Oak 117 

Ebony 133 


Indigo - 77  Granite 

Ice 92  Diamond _ 

Gunpowder 93  Cast  iron 

Butter „ 94  Tin 

Clay 120  Bar  iron 

Coal 130  steel 

Opium 1341  Brass 

Honey 145  Copper 

Ivory 183  Silver 1 

Sulphur 203:Lead 1 


Marble 270 

Chalk 279 

Glass 289 


Mercury 1 

Gold 1 

Platina 2 


278 

353 

721 

729 

779 

783 

840 

895 

,047 

,135 

,357 

,926 

150 


The  weight  of  a  cubic  foot  of  distilled  wat«r  at  a  temperature  of  60°  F.  is  1,000  ounces  Avoir- 
dupois, w?-i/?i€07%,  therefore  the  weight  (in  ounces.  Avoirdupois)  of  a  cubic  foot  of  an.v  of  the  sub- 
stances in  the  above  table  is  found  by  multiplj-ing  the  specific  gravities  by  10,  thus;— one  cubic  foot 
of  oak  weighs  1,170  ounces;  one  cubic  foot  of  marole  2,700  ounces,  and  soon. 

*  Compared  with  water. 


SUBSTANCKS. 


Bromine  freezes  at 

Olive  oil  freezes  at 

Quicksilver  freezes  at.... 

Water  freezes  at 

Bismuth  metal  fuses  at. 

Copper  fuses  at _  ... 

Gold  fuses  at 

Iron  fuses  at 

Lead  fuses  at 

Potassium  fuses  at 


Kean- 

Centi- 

Fahren- 

mur. 
-117:60 

grade. 

heit. 
—    7.60 

-220 

8 

10 

50 

-31.5 

-39.4 

-  39 

0 

0 

32 

211 

264 

507 

963 

1,204 

2.200 

1,105 

1,380 

2,518 

1,230 

1,538 

2,800 

260 

325 

617 

50 

62.6 

144.5 

SuBSTANCKS. 


Silver  fuses  at 

Sodium  fuses  at... 
Sulphur  fu.ses  at. 

Tin  fuses  at , 

Zinc  fuses  at 

Alcohol  boils  at... 
Bromine  boils  at. 

Ether  boils  at_ 

Iodine  boils  at 

Water  boils  at 


Reau- 

Centi- 

mur. 

grade. 

800O 

1,0000 

76.5 

95.6 

92 

115 

182 

228 

329.6 

412 

63 

74.4 

50 

63 

28.4 

35.5 

140 

175 

80 

100 

Fahren- 
heit. 

1,8320 
2tt4 
239 
442 
773 
167 
145 
96 
347 
212 


Authorities  vary  on  some  of  these  points.    The  best  are  elven. 


110 


The  Prcnch  Reoolntloitary  Era. 


^atiU  of  J^emotaijlr  Hatri^* 


B.  C. 

1183  Full  of  Troy. 
1082  Eta  of  thfe  Gteat  Pyramid. 
§78  Carthage  founded. 
776  Olympic  Era  began. 
753  Foundation  of  Uome. 
S88  Jeriisalera  taken  by  Xebuchadnezzar. 
536  Kestoration  of  the  Jews  under  Cyrus. 
S<19  Expulsion  of  Tarquins  from  Home. 
480  Xerxes    defeated    Greeks    at    Thjr- 
mopylae. 
55  Caesar  conquered  Brit^iii. 
4  Birth  of  Jesus  Christ. 
i.  P. 


170 
171 


i-t*-  A.  tl.  ^  .      .    , 

1679  Habeas  Corpus  Act  passed  In   Erig-  18:«  MOrse  itireflted  tie  t^legrsptti 

land.  1«;15  Seminole  War  in  Florida  begatl. 

1682  Petinsylvania     settled    by     Williiim  18:n  Accession  of  QuWn  Victoria,  Jun*  26 

IVnn.  1K45  Texas  annexed. 

1685  Uevocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  1846  Sewing  machine  cotdpleted  by  Hoi*«i 

(-•ct.  -li,.  1846  The  Irish  Potato  Famine. 

1688  James  II.  abdicated,  ')ec.  11.  Il8-l6  British  torn  laws  repealed,  June  29i 

1690  Battle  of  the  Boynej  July  1.  ii846  Wai- with  Mexico  began. 

1690  First     newsp.iper    in    America;    at  1848  F'rench    KeVolutiOh.     Kepublic    suc- 
Bostoh.  j.  ceeded. 

04  Gibi-altar  was  taken  by  the  English.  1848  Oold  discovered  in  (alifornia,  Sept. 
...3  Peace  of  Utrecht,  ApHl  11.  ,1851  Gold  discovered  ih  AtiStfalia,  Feb.  12 

1714  Accession  of  House  ot  llailover.Aug.l  11851   First  ItiternatioddlExhibit'n.London 
29   i'ie  Crucifixion.  il715  First  Jacobite    Uebellion    in    GredtT852  Louis  Napoleon  became  Emperor. 

70  Jerusalem  was  destroyed  by  Titus.    |  Bt-itain;  |l853/t>imean  War  began. 

3)3  Constantineconverfed'toChristiahity  1''20  South  Sea  Bubble.  |1864  JapaiJ  op.-ned  by  COinmodore  Perry. 

410  The  Komans  abandoned  Britain.  1745  Battle  of  Fdhtenoy,  Apfil  30;  '1857  The  Great  Mutiny  iti  India. 

827  Egbe't,   first   king  of   all   England,  1745  Second  .Jacobite   Uebelliotl   in  Great. 1857  The  Ured  Scott  decisioil; 

Oct.  14.  I  Britain.  1 18:.7  First  Atlantic  cable  mes  age,  Aug.  4. 

1066  Battle  of  Hastings,  Xorman  Conquest  1756  Black  Hole  Suffocation  in  Calcutta.    il859  John  Brown's  raid  into  Virginia. 
1096  The  Crusades  began.  1757  Clive  won  Battle  of  I'lassey  in  India.  1860  South  Carolina  seceded,  Dec.  vrO. 

1172  Ireland  was  conquered  by  Henry  II.  1759  Canada  was  taken  from  the  French.    1861   Emancipation  of  the  Hussian  serfs. 
1215  King  John  granted   Magna   Charta,  1765  Stamp  Act  enacted.  1863 

June  15.  J1773  Steam  engine  perfected  by  Watt. 

1265  First  Uepresentative  Parliament  inil773  Tea    destroyed    in    Boston    Harbor,  1863 
England.  l>ec.  16.  1865 

1415  Battle  of  Agincourt,  Oct.  25.  1775  Battle  of  Lexington,  April  19 

1431  Joan  of   Arc  was  burnt,  May  .30.  11775    Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June  17.  1865 

1453  Constantinople  taken  by  the  Turks.   il776    Decl.-iration  of  Independence,  July  4. 

..-,  ...t  -  ..- —  _i.  .u.  1. 1 1777    Burgoyne's  surrender,  Oct.  17.    ' 

1779    Capt.  Cook  was  killed,  Feb.  14. 
1781    Cornwallis'  surrender  at  Yorktown, 
Oct,  19. 

1788  First  settlement  in  Australia,  Jan.  26. 

1789  The  French  KeVoIutiOn  began  July  14 


1455   The  Wars  ot  the  Koses  began. 
1462  The  Bible  was  first  printed  at  .Mentz. 
1471  Caxton  set  up  his  printing  press. 
I486   The   feuds   of    Vork  and   Lancaster 

ended, 
1492  Columbus  discovered  America,  Oct. 12 


Lincoln's    Emancipation    Proclama- 
tion, .Ian.  1. 

Battle  of  (iettysburg,  July  1-3. 

I>ee     surrendered     at    Appomattox, 
April  9. 

Lincoln 


1866 


Sadowa. 


assassinated, 
Prussia    beat 


President 

April  14. 
Battle    of 
Austria. 
1867  Emperor  Maximilian  of  Mexico  ex- 
ecuted. 
1867  The  Dominion  of  Canada  established 
1870  Franco-tierman  War  began,  July  19. 


1517  The  Keformatiop  began  in  (iermany.ji789  Washington  first  inaug'ted  President!  1870  Capitulation   of    French    at    Sedan, 

1519  Cortez  began  the    onquesl  of  Mexico. 1 1793  Cotton-gin  invented  by  Whitney.  Sept.  1. 

l.=)35  The  first  English  Bible  printed.  Il793  LouisXVT.  of  France  executed,JRn.21  1870  Uome  became  the  capital  of  Italy. 

1539  Monasteries  were  closed  in  England.  1796  Vaccination  discovered  by  Jenner.      1871  'I  he  (Jerman  Empire  re-established. 

1558  Accession  of  tjueen  Elizabeth,  Xot.l 7  1798  The  Irish  Uebellion.  '1871  The  Irish  Church  was  disestablished. 

1565  Revolt  of  the  Xetherlands  began.         1799  Battle  of    Seringapatam  ;    death  of, 1871  The  great  fire  in  Chicago,  Oct.  8-11. 
1565  St.  Augustine,  Florida,  settled.  Tippoo.  1 1872  The  great  fire  in  Boston,  Xov.  9. 

1572  TheSt.BartholomewMassacre,Aug.24!l799  Bonaparte     declared    First     Consul,!1876  Prof.  Bell  p^rf.  cted  the  telephone 


1588  The  Spanish  Armada  defeated,  Julj'. 

1600  East  India  Company  first  chartered. 

1603  Union  of  England  and  Scotland. 

Iii06  The  flunpowder  Plot  in  England. 

1607  .lamestown,  Va.,  was  settled. 

1609   Hudson  Kiver  first  explored. 

1616  Shakespeare  died,  April  23. 

1618  Thirty  Years'  War  inCiermany  began. 

1620  Pilgrims  by  the  Mayflower  landed. 

1623  Manhattan  Island  settled. 

1634  .Maryland  settled  by  Uoman  Catholics 

1636  Uhode  Island  settled  by  Roger 
Williams. 

1640  Cromwell's  Long  Parliament  assem- 
bled. 

1649  Charles  I.  was  beheaded,  .Ian.  30. 

1653  <.)liver  Cromwell  became  Lord  Pro- 
tector. 

1660  Restoration  of  the  Stuarts. 

1664  New  York  conquered  from  the  Dutch. 

16<i4  The  great  plague  of  Loudon. 

1666  The  great  nre  of  London  began  Sept.2. 


Nov.  10.  |1876  Centennial  Exposit'n  at  Philadelphia 

1801  Union  of   Great  Britain  and  Ireland,;  1881   President  Garfield  shot,  July  2. 
Jan.  1.  1889  Brazil  became  a  Kepublic, 

1803  Louisiana  purchased  from  the  French  1889  Johnstown.  Pa.,  flood.  May  31. 

1804  Bouaparte  became  Emperor  of  France  1893  World's    Columbian    Exposition    at 

Chicago. 

1894  Chinese-.lapanese  War  began. 


1.H05  B.ittle  of  Trafalgar;  death  of  Nelson. 
1807  Fulton's  first  steamboat  voyage. 
1812   Second  war  with  Great  Britain. 

1812  The  French  expedition  to  Moscow. 

1813  Perry's  victory  on  Lake  Erie,  Sept. 10. 

1814  The  printing  machine  invented. 

1814  Scott's  "  Waverley  "  published. 

1815  Battle  of  New  Orleans,  Jan.  8. 
1815  Battle  of  Waterloo,  June  18. 

1819  First  steamship  crossed  the  .Atlantic. 

1820  Missouri  Compromise  adopted. 
1823  Monroe  Doctrine  declared,  Dec.  2. 
1828  First  passenger  raiiroad  in  U.  S. 
1830  Revolution  in  France,  Orleanist  suc- 
cession. 


1895  Cuban  Revolution  began,  Feb.  20. 

1897  The  Turkish-Greek  War. 

1898  The  Spanish-American  War. 

1899  Universal  Peace  Conference. 

1899  The  South  African  War  began. 

1900  B<ixer  Insurrection  in  China. 

1900  The  (ialveston  tornado,  Sept.  8. 

1901  Death  of  Queen  Victoria. 

jl901  Assassination  of  President  McKinley 
11902  M:irtiiiique    d-.stroied  by   volcanic 

eiuption. 
|1903  Rt-public  of  Panama  established. 
19('4  The  RuBso-Tapanese  War  began. 


1832  South     Carolina  Nullification  Ordi-  1906  Swn  Francisco  earthquake  and  con- 
nance.  I  flugration. 


Wj0  JFfcucij  Bci30lutionari>  ISra. 

In  September,  1  /93,  the  conveution  decreed  that  the  common  era  should  be  abolished  in  all  civil  affairs,  and  that  the  new 
French  era  should  begin  on  September  22,  1792,  the  day  of  the  true  autumnal  equinox,  and  that  each  succeeding  year  should 
begin  at  the  midnight  of  the  day  on  which  the  true  autumnal  equinox  falls.  The  year  was  divided  into  twelve  months  of 
thirty  days  each.  In  ordinary  years  there  were  five  extra  days,  from  the  17th  to  the  2l8t  of  our  September,  and  at  the  end  of 
every  fourth  year  was  a  sixth  complimentary  day.  This  reckoning  was  first  used  on  November  22,  1793,  and  was  continued 
until  December  31,  1805,  when  it  was  discontinued,  and  the  Gregorian  calendar,  used  throughout  the  rest  of  Europe,  was  re- 
sumed.    The  following  were  the  dates  for  the  year  1804,  the  last  complete  year  of  this  style  of  reckoning: 


Vendemiaire  (Vintage),  September  23  toOctober  22. 
Brumaire        (  Foggy  i,      October  23  to  November  22. 
Frimaire         1  Sleety),      Xovember  22  to  I>ecember  21. 
Nivose  (Snowy),     December  22  to  .lanuary  21. 

Pluviose      •    (Rainy  I,      January  21  to  February  20. 
Ventose  (Windy),     February  20  to  March  19. 

The  months  were  divided  into  three  decade 


Germinal  (  Budding),  March  22  to  April  21. 

Floreal  (  Flowery  i,  .April  21  to  May  20. 

Prairial  (Pasture),    May  21  to  June  20. 

Messldor  (Harvest),  June '.iO  to  July  19. 

Thermidor  (Hot),  July  20  to  August  19. 

Fructidor  (Fruit),        August  19  to  ^eptember  18. 


les  of  ten  days  eacn,  but  to  make  up  the  365  five  were  added  at  the  end  of  Sep- 
tember: Primidi,  dedicated  to  Virtue;  Duodi,  to  (Jenius;  Tridi,  to  Labor  ;  tjuartidi,  to  (Opinion,  and  ijnintidi,  to  Rewards. 
To  Leap  Year,  called  Olympic,  a  sixth  day,  September  22  or  23,  Sextidi,  *'  the  day  of  the  Revolution,"  was  added. 

To  each  tenth  d  ly,  thirty-six  in  all,  were  assigned  thirty-six  "  Fetes  Decadaires,"  decreed  by  the  National  Convention  on 
the  eighteenth  Prairial,  in  honor  of  the  Supreme  Being  and"  Nature,  the  Human  Race,  the  French  People,  Benefactors  of  Hu- 
manity, Martyrs  for  Liberty,  Liberty  and  Equality,  the  Republic,  Liberty  of  the  World,  Love  of  Country,  Haired  of  Tyrauti 
and  Traitors,  Truth,  Justice,  Modesty,  Glory  and"  Immortality,  Friendsliip,  Frugality,  Courage,  Good  Faith,  Heroism,  l)lsin- 
tereatedness,  Stoicism,  Love,  Conjugal  Fidelity,  Paternal  Love,  Maternal  Tenderness,  Filial  Piety,  Infaacy,  Childhood,  Man- 
hood, Old  Age,  StckaeBi,  Agriculture,  Industry,  Oiir  Ancestors,  Our  Posterity,  GoodTieMt 


(italfutrars 

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31  .. 

^iim'ucr.tijan'rs. 


DATES  OF  HISTORICAL  KVENTS  CUSTOMARILY   OR  OCCASIONALLY  OBSERVED. 


Jan. 


Jan. 

8. 

Jan. 

17. 

Jan. 

19. 

Jan. 

27. 

Feb. 

12. 

Feb. 

15. 

Feb. 

22. 

Feb.22-23. 

Wart-l 

0 

Marcl 

16 

Marcl 

18. 

April 

9. 

April 

12. 

Anril 

12. 

April 

13. 

April 

14 

Ap.  18-19. 

April 

19. 

April 

19. 

April 

23. 

Ai)ril 

27. 

April 

30. 

May 

1. 

May 

13. 

May 

13. 

May 

18. 

May 

20. 

May 

24. 

June 

14. 

June 

15. 

June 

17. 

June 

18 

June 

28. 

July 


Emancipation  Pix>clamationby  Lincoln, 
1863. 

Battle  of  New  Orleans,  1815. 

Franklin  born,  1706. 

llobert  E.  Lee  born,  1807. 

(ierman  Emperor  born,  1859. 

Abraham  Lincoln  born,  I8119. 

Battle-ship  Maine  blown  up,  1898. 

Cieorge  Washington  born,  1732. 

Battle  of  Buena  Vista,  1847. 

Boston  Massacre,  1770. 

Andrew  Jackson  born,  1767. 

G rover  Cleveland  born,  1837. 

Lee  surrendered  at  Appomattox,  I860. 

Fort  Sumter  fired  on,  1861. 

Henry  Clay  born,  1777. 

Thomas  Jefferson  born,  1743. 

Lincoln  assassinated,  1865. 

Earthquake  and  great  conflagration  at 
San  Francisco,  1906. 

Primrose  Day  in  England,  Lord  Beacons- 
field  died,  1881. 

Battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord,  1775. 

Shakespeare  born,  1564. 

Gen.  U.  S.  Grant  born,  1822. 

Washington  was  inaugurated  first  Presi- 
dent, 1789. 

Dewe.v  destroyed  the  Spanish  fleet  at 
Manila,  1898. 

Fii-st  English  settlement  in  America,  at 

Jamestown.  1607. 
Society  of  The  Cincinnati  organized  hf 
officers  of  Revolutionarv  Armv,  1783. 

The  Czar  of  Russia  born,  1868. 

Mecklenburg,  N.  C. ,  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence, 1775. 

Queen  Victoria  born,  1819. 

Flag  Day  in  the  United  States. 

King  John  granted  Magna  Charter  at 
Riinnvmede,  1215. 

Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  1775. 

Battle  of  Waterloo,  1815. 

Battle  of    Fort  Moultrie,   Charleston, 
S.  C. ,  1776. 

Dominion  Day  in  Canada. 


.lulv 

1-3. 

July 

3. 

Julv 

4. 

Julv 

12. 

Julv 

14. 

July 

16. 

July 

21. 

Aug. 

7. 

Aug. 

13. 

Aug. 

16. 

Sep. 

1. 

Sep. 

6. 

Sep. 

10. 

Sep. 

IL 

Sep. 

13. 

Sep. 

14. 

Sep. 

17. 

Sep.  19-20. 

Sep. 

20. 

Oct. 

8-11. 

Oct. 

12. 

Oct. 

17. 

Oct. 

19. 

Oct. 

27. 

Nov. 

5. 

Nov. 

9. 

Nov. 

9. 

Nov. 

10. 

Nov 

25. 

Dec. 

2. 

Dec. 

14. 

Dec 

16 

Dec. 

16. 

Dec. 

22. 

Dec.25-26 

Dec. 

29. 

Battle  of  Gettj'sburg,  1863. 

Cervera'  s  fleet  was  destroyed  off  San- 
tiago, 1898. 

Declaration  of  Independence,  1776. 

Orangemen's  Day. 

The  Bastile  was  de.stroyed,  1789. 

.Santiago  surrendered.  1898. 

Battle  of  Bull  Run,  186L 

(len.  Nathanael  Greene  born,  1742. 

Manila  surrendered  to  the  American.s, 
1898. 

Battle  of  Bennington,  Vt. ,  1777. 

Capitulation  of  Sedan,  1870. 

President  McKinley  .shot  at  Buttalo,1901. 

Battle  of  Lake  Erie,  Perry's  victory, 
1813. 

Battle  of  Lake  Champlain,  McDon- 
ough's  victory,  1814. 

Battle  of  Chapultepec,  1847. 

City  of  Mexico  taken  by  the  U.  S.  troops, 
1847. 

Battle  of  Antietam.  1862. 

Battle  of  Chickamauga,  1863. 

Italians  occupied  Rome,  1870. 

Great  tire  of  Chicago,  1871. 

C'olumbus  discovered  .\merica.  1492. 

Bui-goyne  surrendered  at  Saratoga,  1777 

Cornwallis  surrendered  at  YoFkiown, 
178L 

Theodore  Roosevelt  born,  1858. 

Guy  Fav^kes  Day  in  England.  The  Gun- 
powder Plot  discovered,  1604. 

King  Edward  VII.  born,  1841. 

Great  fire  of  Boston,  1872. 

Martin  Luther  born,  148.3. 

British  evacuated  New  York,  1783. 

Battle  of  Austerlitz,  1805. 

Washington  died.  1799. 

Boston  "Tea  Party,"  1773. 

The  ereat  fire  in  New  York,  1835. 

Mayflower  pilgrims  landed  at  Plymouth 
Rock,  1620. 

Battle  of  Trenton,  N.  J. ,  1776. 

William  Ewart  Gladstone  born,  1809. 


112 


Heady -Reference  Calendar. — 1. 


For  ascertaining  the  Day  of  the  Week  for  any  given  Time  from  the  Beginning  of  the 

Christian  Era  to  the   Year  2200. 


RULE.  —7b  the  day  of  the  Month,  add  Factors  for  Month,  Century,  and  Year,  arvd  divide  the  total  by  7. 

If  there  is  no  remainder, the  day  is  Sunday. 
If  1  is  the  remainder  "         Moudaj'. 

"2  "  '*  Tuesdaj'. 

"3  "  "         Wednesday. 

• '         Thursday, 


5 
6 


Friday. 
Saturday. 


Should  the 
total  be  less 
than  7,  it  is  to 
be  taken  as  a 
remainder. 


EXAMPLE : 


Week-day  of  Washington's  Birthday,  February  22,  190a    (Leap  year.) 

Factors  for 


Day.  Month.       Century.       Year. 

22  +4         +         5+8       =       34 

34  divided  by  7  leaves  6  remainder,  therefore  tine  day 

will  be  Saturday. 


MONTHS. 
For  Leap  years  figures  in  heavier  type  to  be  taken. 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

Jane 

July 

1 

Aug. 
4 

S«pt. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dtc 

u 

2 

5 

5 

1 

3 

6 

0 

2 

5 

0 

O 
U 

1 

4 

CENTURIES  (Cardinal  Numbers), 
The  vear  00  of  Centuries  in  heavier  type  was,  or  will  be,  a  Leap  year. 


Ol.t)  STYIiK. 

eiidPd  Sept.  2, 

1752— a 
Wednesday. 


c 

2 

1 

0 

6 

5 

4 

9 

8 

7 

13 

13 

11 

. 

16 

16 

14 

10 


17 


New  Style. 
began  Sept.  14,  . 
1752— a 
Thursday. 


18 


22 


26 


17 


21 


25 


20 


24 


28 


19 


23 


27 


and  ever3'  succeeding  fourth  Century, 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 


2 


Factors.        < 
The  system  of  this  Calondar  is  taken  from  one  printed  in  Whitaker's  (Loudon)  Almanac. 


YEARS. 
Leap  years  in  heavier  type. 


00 


17 

23 

28 

84 


45 
51 


56 

62 


73 

79 


84 


90 


12 

18 


24 


29 


35 
40 


46 


57 

63 

68 

74 


85 

91 

96 

1 


2 


13 


19 


30 


41 

47 

52 

58 


69 


75 
80 


86 


97 


8 


14 


25 


31 


36 


42 


53 


59 


64 


70 


81 

87 


92 

98 
8 


15 


20 


26 


37 


43 


48 


54 


65 


71 


76 


10 


21 


27 
32 

38 


49 

55 

60 


66 


83 


93 


88 


94 


99 


5 
11 
16 

22 

33 

39 

44 

50 

61 

67 

72 

78 

89 
95 


Mead y- Reference  Calendar. — 2. 


113 


For  ascertaining  any  Day  of  the  Week  for  any  given  Time 
Years  from  the  introduction  of  the  New  Style,    1753,   to 


wUJiin  Two  Hundred 
1952  inclusive. 


YEARS  1753  TO  1952. 

• 

a 
a 

2. 

4 
5 

6 
2 
3 

7 

1 

7 

5 

3 

1 

6 

4 

2 

X! 

7 
1 
2 
5 
6 
3 
4 
3 
1 
6 
4 
2 
7 
5 

u 

CS 

r^ 

7 

1 

2 
5 

6 
3 
4 

4 
2 
7 
5 
3 
1 
6 

u 

< 
3 

4 

5 

1 
2 
6 

7 

r- 
/ 

5 
3 

1 
6 
4 
2 

5 

6 

7 
3 

4 

1 

2 

2 
7 
5 
3 
1 
6 
4 

i 
1 

2 
3 
6 
7 
4 
5 
5 
3 
1 
6 
4 
2 
7 

3 
•-3 

3 

4 
5 

1 
2 
6 
7 
7 
5 
3 
1 
6 
4 
2 

si 

3 
< 

6 

7 
1 
4 
5 
2 
3 
3 
1 
6 
4 
2 
7 
5 

a, 

0) 

02 

2 
3 

4 
7 
1 
5 
6 
6 
4 
2 
7 
5 
3 
1 

u 

O 

4 
5 
6 

2 
3 
7 
1 
1 
6 
4 
2 
7 
5 
3 

> 

o 

% 
7 

1 

2 

5 

6 

3 

4 

4 

2 

7 

5 

3 

1 

6 

6 

1763g 
1754d 

1781g 
1782d 

ISOOe 
1801a 

1828q 
1829a 

1856q 
1857a 

1858b 
1859c 

!l884q 
1885a 

1900g 
1901d 

1928h 
1929d 

a 

2 

1755e 
1756p 

1783e 
1784p 

1802b 
1803c 

1830b 
1831c 

1886b 
1887c 

1902e 
1903a 

1930e 
1931a 

b 

3 

1757c 
1758f 

1785c 
1786f 

1804h 
1805d 

1806e 
1807a 

1832h 
1833d 

1860h 
1861d 

1888h 
1889d 

1904k 
1905f 

1932k 
1933f 

c 

4 

1759g 
1760q 

1787g 
1788q 

'I834e 
|1836a 

1862e 
1863a 

1890e 
1891a 

1906g 
1907d 

1934g 
1935d 

d 

7 

1761a 
1762b 

1789a 
1790b 

1791c 
1792h 

1808k 
1809f 

1810g 
1811d 

18121 
1813b 

1836k 
1837f 

1864k 
1865f 

1892k 
1893f 

19081 
1909b 

19361 
1937b 

e 

1 

1763c 
1764h 

1838g 
1839d 

1866g 
1867d 

1894g 
1895d 

1910c 
1911f 

1938c 
1939f 

f 

5 

1765d 
1766e 

1793d 
1794G 

1795a 
1796k 

18401 
1841b 

18681 
1869b 

18961 
1897b 

1912m 
19138 

1940m 
1941e 

s 

6 

1767a 
1768k 

1814c 
1815f 

1842c 
1843f 

1870c 
1871f 

1898c 
1899f 

1914a 
1915b 

1942a 
1943b 

h 

6 

1769f 
1770g 

1797f 
1798g 

1816m 
18176 

1844m 
1845e 

1872m 
1873e 

1916U 
1917g 

1918d 
19196 

1944U 
1945g 

k 

4 

1771(1 
17721 

1799d 

1818a 
1819b 

1846a 

1847b 

1874a 
1875b 

1946d 
1947e 

1948p 
1949c 

I 

2 

1773b 
1774c 

1820n 
1821g 

1848u 
1849g 

1876u 
1877g 

1920p 
1921c 

m 

7 

1775f 
1776m 

1822d 
1823e 

1850d 
1851e 

1878d 
1879e 

1922f 
1923g 

1950f 
1951g 

n 

5 

1777e 
1778a 

1824p 
1825c 

1852p 
1853c 

1880p 
1881c 

1882f 
1883g 

1924q 
1925a 

1952q 

P 

3 

1779b 
1780n 

1826f 
1827g 

1854f 
1855g 

1926b 
1927c 

q 

1 

Note. —The  letters  in 
the  list  of  **  Years  from 

TABLE  OF  DAYS. 

1753  to  1952,"  refer  to 

1 

2 

3 

^     1 

5       1 

6 

7 

the  table  headed  with  the 
Months,    the   figures    in 
which  refer  to  the  same 
figures  at  the  head  of  the 
table  of  Days.     For  ex- 
ample: Toknowonwhat 
day  July  4,  1908.     will 
fall  look  for  1908  In  the 
table  of  Years.     The  let- 
ter**!'Ms  attached.  Look 
for  the  same  letter  In  the 
table  of  Months  and  in  a 
parallel  line  under  July  is 
the  figure  3,   whick  di- 
rects to  column  3  in  the 
table  of  Days  below,  in 
which  It  will  be  seen  that 
July  4  falls  on  Saturday. 

Monc 
Tnes 
Wed 
Thur 
Frida 
Satui 
SUN 
Monc 
Tiies 
Wed 
iThur 
iFrida 
iSatui 
IS  UN 
iMonc 
Tiies 
Wed 
Thur 
IFrida 
'Satui 
-SUN 
Mon< 
Tues 
Wed 
iThur 
Frida 
Satur 
,SUN 
Mono 
Tues( 
Wedi 

iay         1  ' 
day        2-' 
□esday  3 ' 
sday     4  1 
y         6f 
•day      6  i 
DAY    7] 
lay        8' 
Jay       9^ 
nesd.   10' 
sday    11  1 
y         12  f 
day     13  S 
DAY  14  ] 
lay       15 ' 
lay      16  ^ 
Qesd.   n  ' 
sday    18  1 
y         19  5 
day     20  5 
DAY  21  I 
lay      2-i ' 
iay      23  ' 
nesd.  24  ' 
sday    25  1 
y         26  f 
day     27  5 
DAY  28  J 
ay      29  1 
lay      30  ^ 
IMd.    31  1 

Tuesday 

(Vednesdaj 

Thursday 

•"riday 

Saturday 

SUNDAY 

rionday 

Tuesday 

Yednesd*; 

Thursday 

i'riday 

Saturday 

SUNDAY 

VIonday 

Tuesday 

rV^ednesd. 

Thursday 

Friday 

Saturday 

SUNDAY 

ilonday 

^uesday 

Vednesd. 

^hursday 

""riday 

Saturday 

SUNDAY 

londay 

ruesday 

iVednesd. 

rhursday 

1 

'  2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

r9 

10 

" 

12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 

Wedne 
Thursd 
Friday 
Saturdi 
SUND 
Monda 
Tuesda 
Wedne 
Thursd 
Friday 
Saturd! 
SUND 
Monda 
Tuesda 
Wedne 
Thursd 
Friday 
Saturdt 
SUND 
Monda' 
Tuesda 
Wedne 
Thursd 
Friday 
Saturds 
SUND 
Monda; 
Tuesda 
Wednei 
Thursd 
Friday 

sday  1 
ay      2 
3 
ly     4 
AY    5 

y      7 
sday  8 
ay      9 

10 
ly     11 
AY  12 
y      13 
y     14 
sd.   15 
ay    16 

17 

ly    18 
AY  19 
f      20 
y      21 
sd.  22 
ay    23 

24 
ly    25 
AY  26 
7      27 
y      28 
sd.   29 
ay    30 

31 

Thi 
Fri( 
Sat 
SU 
Mo 
Tue 
We 
Thi 
Fri( 
Sat 
SU 
Mo 
Tue 
We 
Thi 
Fric 
Sat 
SU 
Moi 
Tue 
We 
Thi 
Frit 
Sat 
SU 
Moi 
Tue 
We 
Thu 
Fric 
Sati 

irsday      I 
lay            2 
urday      3 
NDAY    4 
nday         5 
sday        6 
dnesday  7 
irsday      8 
lay           9 
iirday     10 
NDAY  11 
iday      12 
sday      13 
dnesd,   14 
irsday    15 
lay         16 
urday     17 
NDAY  18 
iday       19 
sday      20 
dnesd.   21 
rsday    22 
lay         23 
arday     24 
S'DAY  25 
iday       26 
sday      27 
dnesd.    28 
rsday    29 
lay         30 
irday     31 

Frid 
Sati 
SUP 
Mor 
Tue. 
Wet 
Thu 
Frid 
Satu 
3UI> 
Mon 
Tue. 
Wei 
Thu 
Frid 
satu 
3U> 
Hon 
Tue 
Wee 
Thu 
Frid 
Sati 
SUP 
VIon 
Tue 
Wee 
Thu 
Frid 
Satu 

ay 

rda 
iDI 
daj 
ida; 
Inei 
rsdj 

rda 
iDJ 
day 
idaj 
nes 
rsdi 
ay 
rda 
JDi 
day 
sdaj 
Ines 
rsdi 
av 
rda 
iVj 
da  J 
idaj 
Ines 
rsdi 

rda 

(y 

7 

r 
daj 

ky 

^Y 

T 
i. 

^y 
Iy 

T 
d. 

'y 

^Y 

r 
d. 

'y 
[y 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

r6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

80 

31 

Sati 
SU! 
Mot 
Tue 
We 
Thu 
Frid 
Sati 
SUI 
Mot 
Tue 
We 
Thu 
Frid 

rui 

Mot 
Tue 
We 
Thi 
Frid 
Sati 
SUI 
Mor 
Tue 
We 
Thu 
Frid 
Sati 
SUI 
Mot 

irda 
VD. 
idaj 

sda; 
Ine 
rsdi 

irda 

■^Di 

idaj 

sda 

Inef 

rsd 

ay 

irda 

VD. 

ida; 

sda 

dne 

rsd 

irda 
S'Dj 
da; 
sda; 
Ine' 
rsdi 
ay 
iraa 
^rDJ 

^Y 

7 

7 
!da3 

»y 

L 

»y 

.^Y 

7 

ra. 

ly 

Iy 

7 

7 
id. 

»y 
Iy 

7 

1 

2 

3 

4 

?5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

SUNDAY    1 
Monday        9 
Tuesday        3 
Wednesday  4 
Thursday      5 
Friday           « 
Saturday      7 
SUNDAY    8 
Monday         9 
Tuesday      10 
Wednesd.   11 
Thursday    13 
Friday         13 
Saturday     14 
SUNDAY  15 
Monday       16 
Tuesday      17 
Wednesd.   18 
Thursday    19 
Friday         20 
Saturday     91 
SUNDAY  22 
Monday      23 
Tuesday      24 
Wednesd.  25 
Thursday    26 
Friday        27 
Saturday     28 
SUNDAY  29 
Monday       30 
Tuesday      31 

114 


Greek  Church  and  Russian  Calendar^  190S. 


Ritualistic  Calendar. 

Colors  for  the  Altar  in  Use  in  Ritualistic  Episcopal  CrtCKCHES  in  the  United  States. 

White.—Yxora  the  First  Service  (First  Vespers)  of  Christinas  Day  to  the  Octave  of  Epiplianj', 
inclusive  (except  on  the  Feasts  of  Martyi-s);  on  Maundy  Thursday  (for  the  celebration  i;  from  the  First 
Service  of  Easter  Day  to  the  Vis:il  of  Pentecost  (except  on  Feasts  of  Martyrs  and  Roeration  Days);  on 
Trinity  Sunday.  C'onversion  of  St.  Paul.  Purification.  Annunciation,  St.  John  Baptist.  St.  Michael, 
St.  Luke,  All  Saints.  Saints  who  are  not  Martyrs,  and  Patron  Saints  (Transfiguration  and  Dedication 
of  Church). 

Red.— Yrom  First  Vespers  of  Pentecost  to  the  First  Vespers  of  Trinity  Sunda.v  (which  includes 
Ember  Davs),  Holv  Innocents  (if  on  a  Sunday),  and  Feasts  of  all  Martyrs. 

Violrt.— Yrom.  Septuagesima  to  Maundy  Thursday  (Easter  Eve);  Advent  Sunday  to  Christmas 
Eve;  Vigils,  Ember  Days  (except  in  Whitsun  Week),  and  Roeration  Days;  Holy  Innocents  (unless  on 
Sunday).  Black.  —Good  Friday  and  at  funerals.  Qreen.  —All  other  days. 

These  regulations  as  to  colors  are  general.  A  more  minute  code  changing  with  each  year  Is 
published  iu  the  church  almanacs. 


Jewish  Calendar,  1908. 


New  Moon,  Fasts,  Fe 


ASTS,    ETC. 


5668. 

Sebat 
Adar 
Veadar 
Nisan 


1 

1 
1 
1 

15 
1 

14 
1 
6 
TamnK   1 

17 

Ab  1 

9 

Elul 


Yiar 

I   4 

Sivau 


New  Moon. 


1 1 


Passover 

New  Moon 

Second  Passover 

New  Moon 

Pentecost 

New  Moon 

Fast  of  Tamuz 

New  Moon 

Fast  of    Ab   (Destruction 

Jerusalem) 

New  Moou 


of 


1908, 

Jan. 
Feb. 
March 
April 

May 

i « 

June 

July 


Aug. 


4 

3| 

41 
o 

16 
2 
15 
31 
5 
30 
16 
29 

6 
28 


New  Moon,  Fasts,  Feasts,  etc. 


5669. 

Tisri        1 

3 

10 

15 

*'        22 

23 

Hesvan  1 

Kislev    1 

25 

Tebet 


Sebat 
Adar 
Nisan 


10 

1 

1 

1 

15 


New  Moon  (New  Year) 

Fast  of  Guadaliah 

**    Expiation  (Vom  Kippur) 

Feast  of  Tabernacles 

Eighth  Day 

"    Rejoicing  with  the  Law 
New  Moon 


1908. 
Sept.    26 


Oct. 


Dedication  of  the  Temple- 
New  Moon 


Fast  of  Tebet. 
New  Moou 


Passover 


Nov. 
Dec. 

1909 
Jan. 

Feb. 
Mar. 
April 


28 
5 
10 
17 
18 
26 
25 
19 
25 

3 
23 
22 
23 

6 


The  year  6668  is  an  embollsmic  imperfect  year  of  383  days,  and  the  year  5669  au  ordinary  perfect 
3'ear  of  355  days. 


Mohammedan  Calendar,  1908. 


Year. 


1325. 
1326. 


Names  <»f  Montha. 


Dulheggia 

Muharram  (New  Year). 

Saphar 

Raoia  I - 

Rabia  II 

.Jomadi  I , 

Jomadi  II -. 

Raj  ab 


Month   Begins. 


Year. 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

July 


5.  1908  1326. 

4.  ' 

5,  ' 
3,  ' 
3,  ' 
1.  ' 
1.  ' 

30.  ' 


132-: 


Names  of  Months. 


Shabaan „ 

Ramadan  (Month  of  Absti 

nence) 

Shawall »....« 

Dulkaada 

Dulheggia , 

Muharram  (New  Year) 

Saphar , 


Month   Begins. 


Ang.    29,1908 


Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

•Tan. 

Feb. 


27. 
27, 
25. 
25, 
23, 
22, 


1909 


Greek  Church  and  Russian  Calendar,  1908. 

A.D.  1908,  A.M.  8017. 


New 
Stvi."!. 


Holy  Days. 


Old  Style. 


Jan.     14iCircumcision Jan.  1 

"      19lT}ieopha#y  (Epiphany) '•  6 

Feb.    15! Kypapante  (Purification) [Feb.  2 

Mar.      8!Carnivai  Sundav "  24 

Hi  .Ash  Wednesday !     "  27 

April     7! Annunciation ., ;Mar.  25 

19Palm  Sundav Ai>nl  6 

"      24(lreat  Fridav "  11 

"      26iHoly  Pasch(Ea.ster) "  13 

May      6St.  George "  23 

"      27('oronation  of  Emperor* May  14 

June      4  Ascension ••  22 

•*      14  Pentecost fnne  1 

"      15Holv(4host ••  2 


New 

Style. 


Holy  Days. 


Sept. 


Oct. 
Nov 
Dec, 


OM  Styje 


July    12  Peter  and  Paul  (Chief  Apostles)  June  29 

Aug.    14  First  Day  of  Fast  of  Theotokos  ..  Aug.  1 

19  Transfiguration "  6 

28  Repose  of  Theotokos "  15 

12  St.  Alexander  Nevskv»„ "  30 

21  Nativity  of  Theotokos tSepL  8 

27  Exaltation  of  the  Cro.ss "'  14 

14  Patronage  of  Theotokos  Oct,  1 

2Hi  First  Day  of  Fast  of  Nativity Nov.  15 

41  Entrance  of  Theotokos I     "  21 

"      22i(.'onceptioii  of  Tlieotokos Dec.  9 

1909.    I 

Tan.        7  Nativity  (Christmas) *•  25 

"      l4('lrcnmcislon, ,.  ,..,.. ,..,..'Jika.  1 


♦peculiar  to  Riissia, 


IsT  Month. 


JANUARY,  1908. 


31  Days. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


W 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

M 

Tu 

W 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

U 

Til 

W 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

M 

Tu 

VV 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

M 

Tu 

W 

Th 

Fr 


Calendar  for 

BOSTOK, 

Xew  EnRlaDd,  N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  an.l  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and  Oregon. 


Sun 
Rises, 


i 

7 

7 

7 
t 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
t 
7 

7 
7 
/ 

7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 


Sun 
Skts. 


M. 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

29 

29 

29 

28 

28 

27 

27 

26 

26 

25 

24 

23 

22 

21 

21 

20 

19 

19 

18 

17 

16 


H. 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

o 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

o 


Moon 

B.  A  s. 


37 

38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
54 
55 
56 
57 
59 
0 
1 
2 

4 
6 
/ 

8 

9 

11 

12 


4  47 
6     1 

sets. 

5  40 

6  57 

8  12 

9  26 

10  38 

11  44 

A.  M 

12  53 
1  57 

3  0 

4  2 
5 

5  57 

6  48 
rises. 

6    4 


Calendar  for 

Jf«w  YoBK  City, 

Connecticut,  Pennsvlrania, 

Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska,  Wyoming, 

and  Northern  California. 


Sun 
Rises. 


7 

8 

9 

10 

11  6 

.v.  M. 

12  9 

1  16 

2  24 

3  35 

4  46 

5  53 


H.        M. 

7  24 
7  24 
7  24 
7  24 

7  24 
7  24 


Sun 
Sets. 


24 

24 

24 
24 
24 


7  23 
23 
28 
22 

7  22 

7  22 

7  2 


21 

20 
19 
18 
17 
17 
16 
15 
15 
14 
13 
12 
12 


4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 


Moon 
R.  A  s. 


M. 

42 
43 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
0 
1 
2 
3 
5 
6 
7 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
16 


Calendar  for 

WAaHINGTON. 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado, 

Uiaii,  Nevada, 

and  Central  California. 


4  43 

5  56 
sets. 

5  46 

7  1 

8  16 

9  29 

10  39 

11  44 

A.  M. 

12  51 


Sln 
Rises. 


55 
57 

58 
56 
52 


6  43 
rises 

6  8 

7  6 


8 

9 

10 

II 

A. 

12 
1 
2 
3 
4 


5 
4 
4 

5 

M. 

8 
13 
21 

31 
41 


5  41 


/ 

p- 

/ 
/ 

p- 

/ 
i 

7 
/ 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 

/ 

7 
7 

/ 

7 
7 
/ 
7 

7 
/ 

7 
7 
7 
7 

7 


Sun 
Sets. 


Mr.ON 

P..  it  !4. 


19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
18 
18 
18 
17 
17 
17 
16 
16 
15 
14 
13 
12 
12 
Jl 
10 
9 
9 
8 
8 
7 


4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 


48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

5() 

58 

59 

0 

1 

2 

3 
4 
5 
6 
/ 

8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
14 
15 
16 
5  17 
5  18 
5  19 
5  20 


4  39 

5  51 
sets. 
5  51 

7  6 

8  19 

9  31 

10  40 

11  44 

A.  M. 

12  50 

1  53 

2  54 

3  53 

4  51 

5  46 

6  47 
rises. 

6  13 


Calendar  for 

Chableston, 

Georgia,   Alabama, 

L.ouisiana,Arkansa8,  Texas, 

New  Meiico,  Arizona, 

and  Southern  California. 


Sun 
Rises. 


Su.s 
Sets. 


7 

8 

9 
10 
LI 

A.  M 

12     6 


10 
8 
6 
5 


1 
2 
3 

4 
5 


9 

17 
26 
35 
41 


3 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 


/ 

p^ 

t 

7 

7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 

>-» 

/ 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

i 

7 

7 

7 

7 

6  59 

6  59 

6  58 

6  57 

6  57 


4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
3 
3 
3 
3 
2 
2 
2 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 


5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 


Moon 

K.  M  S. 


4 
4 
5 
6 

7 
8 
9 

10 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2() 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


4  26 

5  35 
sets. 

6  8 

7  20 

8  ao 

9  38 

10  44 

11  45 

\.  M. 

12  46 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 


45 
43 
41 
36 
30 
20 


rises. 

6  26 

7  21 

8  16 


9 
10 
11 

A. 

12 
1 
2 

o 
O 

4 
5 


11 
7 
3 

M. 
1 
o 

5 

11 
19 
24 


SUN    ON 

MERIDIAN. 

Day  OF 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

1 

1    Day  of 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

h.        m.        s.' 

Month. 

H. 

M.           S. 

H. 

M.           R. 

H.           M.           8. 

1 

H.             M.           S. 

1 

12 

3  16 

8 

12 

6  29 

14 

12    8  54; 

20 

12  10  56 

'    26 

12  12  31 

2 

12 

3  45 

9 

12 

6  54 

15 

12    9  16 

\     21 

12  11  13 

27 

12  12  44 

3 

12 

4  13 

10 

12 

7  19 

16 

12    9  37 

22 

12  11  30 

,     28 

12  12  57 

4 

12 

4  41 

11 

12 

7  44! 

17 

12    9  58 

i     23 

12  11  47i 

29 

12  13    8 

5 

12 

5    9 

12 

12 

8     8 

18 

12  10  18 

i     24 

12  12    2 

30 

12  13  19 

6 

12 

5  36 

13 

12 

8  31 

19 

12  10  37 

i     25 

12  12  17 

\    31 

12  13  29 

7 

12 

6    3 

j 

TWILIGHT. 


Pl.ACKR. 

Jan. 

Begins,  a.   m. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

1     J:ili. 

Begins,   a.  m. 

Ends,   r.   M. 

1    Jan. 

Begins,   A.  M. 

Ends,  P.  If. 

a.      M. 

H.         M. 

H.        M. 

H.         M. 

H.         M. 

B.       U. 

Boston 

1 

5  48 

6  19 

11 

5  48 

6  28 

21 

5  46 

6  38 

New  York.. 

1 

5  46 

6  21 

11 

5  46 

6  30 

21 

5  44 

6  39 

Wash'  ton . 

1 

5  43 

6  24 

11 

5  44 

6  32 

21 

6  42 

6  41 

Charleston.. 

I 

6  35 

6  23 

11 

5  36 

6  40 

21 

5  30 

6  57 

2d  Month. 

FEBRUARY, 

1908. 

29  Days. 

Calendar  for 

Calendar  for 

Calendar  for 

Calendar  for 

. 

Boston, 

New  Yobk  Citt, 

Washington, 

Crablbston, 

:S 

M 

IVew  England,  N,  Y.  State, 

Connecticut,  Pennsylvania, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Georgia,    Alabama, 

o 

V 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

Ohio,   Indiana,   Illinois, 

Missouri,  KanSAS,  Colorudu, 

Lo\iisian«,Arkans%s,TexM, 

:s 

^ 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

low.s,  Nebr.aska,  Wyoming, 

Utah.  Nevada, 

New  Mexico,  Ari.toiia, 

«) 

5 

i 

Washington,  and  Oregon. 

and  Northern   California. 

and  Central  California. 

and  Southern  CHlifornia. 

o 

Sl'.v 

Su.v 

Moon 

Sl'N 

Sun 

Moon 

Sun 

Sun 

Moon 

Srtf 

Sun 

Moon 

o 

o 

Risks. 

Skts. 

R.   A  s. 

Rises. 

Skts. 

R.  i  a. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

R.  Jb    8. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

R.  A  s. 

H.       M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

R.     M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

1 

Sa 

7  15 

5  13 

6  53 

7  11 

5  17 

6  47 

7    7 

5  21 

6  41 

6  56 

5  33 

6  25 

2 

S 

7  14 

5  14 

sets. 

7  10 

5  18 

sets. 

7    6 

5  22 

sets. 

6  56 

5  32 

sets. 

3 

M 

7  12 

5  15 

7    0 

7    9 

5  19 

7    3 

7    5 

5  23 

7     6 

6  55 

6  33 

7  15 

4 

Tu 

7  11 

5  17 

8  16 

7    8 

5  20 

8  18 

7.   4 

5  24 

8  20 

6  54 

6  34 

8  25 

5 

W 

7  10 

5  18 

9  29 

7    6 

5  22 

9  30 

7    3 

5  25 

9  30 

6  53 

5  35 

9  31 

6 

Th 

7    9 

5  19 

10  39 

7    5 

5  23 

10  38 

7    2 

5  26 

10  37 

6  52 

5  36 

10  35 

7. 

Fr 

7    8 

5  20 

11  46 

7    4 

5  24 

11  44 

7    1 

5  27 

11  42 

6  5r 

5  37 

11  36 

8 

Sa 

7     7 

5  21 

A.M. 

7    3 

5  25 

A.  M. 

7    0 

5  28 

A.M. 

6  50 

5  38 

AiM. 

9 

S 

7    6 

5  23 

13  51 

7    2 

5  2() 

12  48 

6  59 

5  29 

13  45 

6  49 

5  39 

12  36 

10 

:m 

7    5 

5  24 

1  54 

7    1 

5  28 

1  50 

6  58 

5  31 

1  46 

6  48 

5  40 

1  34 

11 

Tu 

7    4 

5  26 

2  55 

7    0 

5  29 

2  50 

6  57 

5  32 

2  45 

6  47 

5  41 

2  33 

12 

w 

7    3 

5  27 

3  52 

6  59 

5  30 

3  47 

6  56 

5  33 

3  41 

6  46 

5  42 

3  25 

13 

Th 

7    1 

5  29 

4  44 

6  57 

5  31 

4  39 

6  55 

5  34 

4  33 

6  45 

5  43 

4  17 

14 

Fr 

7    0 

5  30 

5  31 

6  56 

5  33 

5  26 

6  54 

5  35 

5  21 

6  45 

5  44 

5    4 

15 

Sa 

6  59 

5  31 

6  13 

6  55 

5  34 

6    8 

6  53 

5  36 

6     3 

6  44 

5  45 

5  48 

16 

S 

6  58 

5  33 

6  49 

6-54 

5  36 

6  45 

6  52 

5  37 

6  41 

6  43 

5  46 

6  28 

17 

M 

6  56 

5  33 

rises. 

6  53 

5  37 

rises. 

6  51 

5  39 

rises . 

6  42 

5  47 

rises. 

18 

Tu 

6  55 

5  34 

6  56 

6  51 

5  38 

6  58 

6  49 

5  40 

7    0 

6  41 

5  48 

7    6 

19 

W 

6  53 

5  35 

7  57 

6  49 

5  39 

7  58 

6  48 

5  41 

7  59 

6  40 

5  49 

8    2 

20 

Th 

6  53 

5  37 

8  59 

6  48 

5  41 

8  59 

6  47 

5  42 

8  59 

6  39 

5  50 

8  58 

21 

Fr 

6  50 

5  38 

10     1 

6  47 

5  42 

10    0 

6  46 

5  43 

9  59 

6  38 

5  61 

9  55 

22 

Sa 

6  48 

5  40 

11     6 

6  45 

5  43 

11     4 

6  44 

5  44 

11     1 

6  36 

5  53 

10  54 

23 

S 

6  47 

5  42 

A.M. 

6  43 

5  45 

A.  M. 

6  43 

5  45 

A.  M 

6  35 

5  53 

11  65 

24 

M 

6  46 

5  43 

13  13 

6  42 

5  46 

12     9 

6  41 

5  46 

12    6 

6  34 

5  54 

A.  M. 

25 

Tu 

6  45 

5  44 

1  21 

6  40 

5  48 

1  17 

6  40 

5  48 

1  12 

6  33 

5  55 

13  68 

26 

W 

6  43 

5  46 

2  29 

6  39 

5  49 

2  25 

6  38 

5  49 

2  20 

6  33 

5  56 

2    3 

27 

Th 

6  43 

5  47 

3  36 

6  37 

5  50 

3  30 

6  37 

5  50 

3  24 

6  32 

5  57 

3    7 

28 

Fr 

6  40 

5  48 

4  36 

6  36 

5  51 

4  31 

6  35 

5  51 

4  25 

6  31 

5  57 

4    8 

29 

Sa 

6  39 

5  49 

5  34 

6  35 

5  52 

5  29 

6  34 

5  52 

6  23 

6  29 

5  58 

5    7 

_ 

SUN    ON 

MERIDIAN. 

Day  op 

Dav  of 

Day  ok 

Day  o? 

Day  or 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

H.           M.           8. 

H.           M.           8. 

H.           M.           8. 

H.           H.           8. 

H.           M.          8. 

1 

12  13  38 

7 

12  14  16 

13 

12  14  25 

19 

12  14    6 

25 

12  13  32 

2 

12  13  47 

8 

12  14  20 

14 

12  14  33 

20 

12  14    0 

26 

12  13  13 

3 

12  13  54 

9 

12  14  22 

15 

12  14  21 

21 

12  13  54 

27 

12  13    3 

4 

12  14     1 

10 

12  14  24 

16 

12  14  19 

22 

12  13  47 

28 

12  12  .52 

6 

12  14    7 

11 

12  14  25 

17 

12  14  15 

23 

12  13  39 

29 

13  12  41 

6 

12  14  12 

12 

12  14  25 

18 

12  14  11 

24 

12  13  31 

■ 

rWILICHT. 

Placbi. 

Feb. 

Begins,  a.  m. 

Endb,  P.  u. 

Feb. 

Begins,   A.  II. 

Ends,  r.  M. 

Feb. 

Begins,  A.  u. 

Ends,  P.  u. 

B.       M. 

B.        M. 

B.        U. 

■.      u. 

B.         M. 

H.       U. 

Boston 

1 

5  37 

6  50 

11 

5  27 

7    1 

21 

5  14 

7  13 

Kevv  York. 

1 

5  36 

6  51 

u 

5  27 

7    1 

21 

5  1^ 

7  13 

Wash '  ton. 

1 

5  35 

6  52 

11 

5  26 

7    2 

21 

5  15 

7  13 

Charleston 

1 

5  30 

6  57 

11 

5  24 

7    5 

21 

5  15 

7  13 

3d  Month. 

' 

MARCH,  1908. 

31  Days. 

5 
g 

S 

o 

5 

• 

01 

V 

i 

o 

ft 

Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  England,  N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Waihington,  and  Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

Nhw   Vork  City, 

Connecticut,   Pennsylvania, 

Ohio,   Indiana,   Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska,  Wyoming, 

ami  Xorthern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado, 

Utah,    Nevada, 

and  Central  California. 

Calendar  for 
Charleston, 

Georgia,    Alabama, 

Louisiana, Arkansas,  Texu, 

New  Mexico,  Arizona, 

and  Southern  California. 

1 

Sun 
Risks. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  <t  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 

R.  A  s. 

Sun 
Risks. 

Son 
Sets. 

Moon 

R.  <k  S. 

Sun 
Risks. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Mooif 

R.   *  S. 

1 

s 

H.        M. 

6  36 

H.        M. 

5  50 

H.        M. 

6  14 

H.        M. 

6  34 

H.        M. 

5  53 

H.        M. 

6  10 

H.        M. 

6  33 

H.        M. 

5  53 

H,        M. 

6     6 

H.        M. 

6  28 

H.        M. 

5  58 

H.        M. 

5  54 

2 

M 

6  35 

5  51 

sets. 

6  32 

5  54 

sets. 

6  31 

5  54 

sets. 

6  27 

5  58 

sets. 

3 

Tu 

6  33 

5  52 

7     4 

6  31 

5  55 

7    5 

6  30 

5  55 

7     6 

6  26 

5  58 

7     9 

4 

W 

6  32 

5  54 

8  16 

6  29 

5  56 

8  16 

6  28 

5  56 

8  16 

6  25 

5  59 

8  15 

5 

Th 

6  30 

5  55 

9  28 

6  28 

5  57 

9  26 

6  27 

5  57 

9  25 

6  24 

6    0 

9  20 

6 

Fr 

6  29 

5  56 

10  36 

6  27 

5  59 

10  33 

6  26 

5  58 

10  31 

6  23 

6    0 

10  23 

7 

Sa 

6  27 

5  58 

11  42 

6  25 

6    0 

11  38 

6  24 

5  59 

11  35 

6  22 

6     1 

11  24 

8 

S 

6  26 

5  59 

A.  M. 

6  24 

6     1 

A.  M. 

6  23 

6    0 

A.  M. 

6  21 

6    2 

\.  M. 

9 

u 

6  24 

6    0 

12  45 

6  22 

6    2 

12  41 

6  21 

6    1 

12  36 

6  20 

6    3 

12  22 

10 

Tu 

6  23 

6    1 

1  45 

6  20 

6    3 

1  40 

6  19 

6    2 

1  34 

6  19 

6    4 

1  19 

11 

W 

6  21 

6     2 

2  40 

6  18 

6    4 

2  34 

6  18 

6    3 

2  29 

6  17 

6    4 

2  12 

12 

Th 

6  19 

6    3 

3  29 

6  16 

6    5 

3  23 

6  16 

6    4 

3  18 

6  16 

6    5 

3  01 

13 

Fr 

6  17 

6     4 

4  12 

6  15 

6    6 

4    7 

6  15 

6    5 

4     1 

6  14 

6    6 

3  36 

14 

Sa 

6  15 

6    5 

4  50 

6  13 

6     7 

4  46 

6  13 

6    6 

4  41 

6  13 

6    7 

4  27 

15 

S 

6  13 

6    6 

5  23 

6  12 

6    8 

5  19 

6  12 

6     7 

5  15 

6  11 

6    7 

5    4 

16 

M 

6  11 

6    7 

5  52 

6  10 

6    9 

5  49 

6  10 

6    8 

5  46 

6  10 

6    8 

5  38 

17 

Tu 

6    9 

6    8 

6  19 

6     9 

6  10 

6  17 

6    9 

6    9 

6  15 

6     9 

6    9 

6  10 

18 

W 

6    7 

6    9 

rises . 

6     7 

6  11 

rises. 

6     7 

6  10 

rises. 

6    8 

6  10 

rises. 

19 

Th 

6    5 

6  10 

7  54 

6    5 

6-12 

7  53 

6     5 

6  11 

7  52 

6     6 

6  10 

7  49 

20 

Fr 

6     2 

6  11 

8  59 

6     3 

6  13 

8  57 

6    3 

6  12 

8  55 

6    5 

6  11 

8  49 

21 

Sa 

6     0 

6  12 

10    5 

6     2 

6  14 

10     2 

6     2 

6  13 

9  59 

6     3 

6  12 

9  49 

22 

S 

5  59 

6  14 

11  13 

6     1 

6  15 

11     9 

6    0 

6  14 

11     5 

6    2 

6  12 

10  52 

23 

M 

5  57 

6  15 

A.  M. 

6    0 

6  16 

A.  M. 

5  58 

6  15 

A.  M. 

6     1 

6  13 

11  56 

24 

Tu 

5  55 

6  16 

12  2J 

5  58 

6  17 

12  16 

5  56 

6  16 

12    11 

5  59 

6  14 

A.  M. 

25 

W 

5  53 

6  17 

1  27 

5  56 

6  18 

1  21 

5  55 

6  17 

1  16 

5  58 

6  14 

12  59 

26 

Th 

5  51 

6  19 

2  28 

5  54 

6  19 

2  22 

5  54 

6  18 

2  16 

5  57 

6  15 

1  59 

27 

Fr 

5  50 

6  20 

3  22 

5  53 

6  20 

3  17 

5  53 

6  19 

3  U 

5  56 

6  16 

2  55 

28 

Sa 

5  48 

6  21 

4     9 

5  52 

6  21 

4     4 

5  52 

6  20 

3  59 

5  55 

6  16 

3  45 

29 

S 

5  46 

6  22 

4  48 

5  50 

6  22 

4  45 

5  51 

6  21 

4  41 

5  54 

6  17 

4  30 

30 

M 

5  45 

6  24 

5  22 

5  48 

6  23 

5  20 

5  49 

6  21 

5  18 

5  52 

6  18 

5  11 

31 

Tu 

5  43 

6  25 

5  54 

5  46    6  23 

5  53 

5  48 

6  22   5  52 

5  50 

6  19 

5  48 

SUN  ON 

MERIDIAN. 

Day  OF 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

H.           M.          S. 

H.           M.          S. 

H.           M.           s. 

H. 

M.           S. 

H.           M.           8. 

1 

12  12  30 

8 

12  10  56 

14 

12    9  20 

20 

12 

7  35 

26 

12    546 

2 

12  12  18 

9 

12  10  41 

15 

12    9     3 

21 

12 

7  17 

27 

12    5  27 

3 

12  12     5 

10 

12  10  26 

16 

12    8  46 

22 

12 

6  59 

28 

12    5    9 

4 

12  11  52 

11 

12  10  10 

17 

12    8  29 

23 

12 

6  41 

29 

12    4  51 

5 

12  11  39 

12 

12    9  54 

18 

12-    8  11 

24 

12 

6  22 

30 

12    4  33 

6 

12  11  25 

13 

12    9  37 

19 

12    7  53 

25 

12 

6     4 

31 

12    4  14 

7 

12  11  11 

TWILICHT. 


Placks. 

Mar. 

Begins,   A.M. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

Mar. 

Begins,   A.  M. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

Mar. 

Begins,  a.  m. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

H.         M. 

R.         M. 

H.        M. 

H.        M, 

B.        M. 

H.        M. 

Boston 

1 

5    2 

7  23 

11 

4  45 

7  35 

21 

4  27 

7  47 

New  York 

1 

5    3 

7  22 

11 

4  47 

7  33 

21 

4  30 

7  45 

Wash'  ton. 

1 

5    4 

7  21 

11 

4  49 

7  31 

21 

4  33 

7  42 

Charleston 

1 

6    6 

7  19 

11 

4  53 

7  27 

1  21 

4  40 

7  35 

4th  Month. 


APKIL,  1908. 


30  Days. 


Calendar  for 

Chaklbston, 

Georgia,    Alabama, 

LonIsiana,Ajkaiisas,  Texas, 

New  Mexico,  Arizona, 
and  Southern  Califoraia. 


I 


o 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 


si 


W 

Til 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

M 

Tu 

W 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

Tn 

W 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

M 

Tu 

W 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

INI 

Tu 

W 

Th 


Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  England,  N.  Y-  State, 

Michigan,  VV'isconsin, 

N.  anil  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and  Oregon. 


Sun 
Risks. 


H. 

** 
O 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


5 
5 

5 


5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
4 
4 
4 


43 
42 
40 

38 

36 

34 

32 

31 

29 

27 

26 

24 

2o 

21 

19 

18 

lf> 

14 

13 

II 

10 

8 

6 

5 

3 
o 

1 
59 
58 
56 


Sun 
Skts. 


6  26 
6  28 
6  29 
6  30 
6  31 
6  32 
6  33 
6  34 
6  35 
6  36 
6  37 
6  38 
6  40 
6  41 
6  42 
6  4:'. 
6  44 
6  45 
6  46 
6  48 
6  49 
6  50 
6  51 
6  52 
6  53 
6  54 
6  55 
6  56 
6  57 
6  59 


Moon 

B.  4  S. 


H.   M. 

sets. 

8  15 

9  23 

10  30 

11  33 

A.  M. 

12  3i 

1  34 

2  10 

2  49 

3  24 

3  54 

4  22 

4  47 

5  12 
rises. 

7  56 
9     4 

10  14 

11  22 

A.M. 

12  25 

1  20 

2  8 

2  4S 

3  23 

3  54 

4  22 
4  50 
sets 


Calendar  for 

New  York  City, 

OniDecticnt,  Pennsylvania, 

Ohio,  Indiana,  illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska,  Wyoming, 

and  Northern  California. 


Sl-n 
Risks. 


5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5  19 

5  17 


45 
44 
42 
40 
38 
36 
34 
33 
31 
29 
28 
2() 
25 
24 


5  16 
5  14 
5  13 
5  11 


o 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


10 
9 
7 
6 
5 
3 

9 
0 


Sun 
Skts. 


Moon 

ILA  S. 


6  34 
6  26 
6  27 
6  28 
6  29 
6  30 
6  31 
6  32 
6  33 
6  34 
6  35 
G  36 
6  37 
6  38 
6  39 
6  40 
6  41 
6  42 
6  43 
6  44 
6  4: 
6  4( 
6  4^ 
6  48 
6  49 
6  50 
6  52 
6  53 
6  54 
6  55 


nets. 

8  13 

9  20 

10  26 

11  28 

A.M. 

13  26 
1  18 
3    4 


Calendar  for 
Washington', 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado, 

Utah,   Ne%-ada, 

and  Centra]  California. 


45 

20 


3  ^1 


20 
46 
12 


rises. 
7  53 
9    0 

10  S)\ 

11  16 

A.  M 

12  19 
1 


9 

•J 

2 

o 
O 

3 
4 

4 


4 
44 
21 
53 
22 
51 


sets. 


Sun 
Risks. 


5  46 
5  45 
43 
41 
40 


Sun     I    Moon 
Sets.    I  r.  a  s. 


H.      M. 


H.       M. 


38 
36 
35 
33 
32 
30 
28 
5  27 
5  26 
5  24 
5  23 
5  22 


20 
19 

1>I 
5  16 
14 
13 
13 
10 
9 


6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 


23  sets. 


24 
25 
26 
27 
28 


8  11 

9  17 

10  23 

11  23 

A.  M. 


29  12  20 


30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 


1 
1 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 


13 
59 

40 
16 
48 
17 
45 


o  12 

rises. 

7  50 

8  56 

10  4 

11  14 

A.  M. 

12  13 


1 

1 

o 

3 
3 

4 
4 


9 
58 
40 
18 
51 
22 
52 


sets. 


Sun 
Rises. 


5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


Sun 
Skts. 


M. 

49 
48 
46 
44 
42 
41 
39 
38 
37 
35 
34 
33 
32 
31 
30 
5  29 
5  28 
5  27 
5  25 
5  24 
5  23 


Moon 
B.  »■  s. 


22 
21 
20 
19 
18 
17 
16 
15 
14 


6  20 
6  21 
6  21 
6  22 
6  23 
6  23 


24 

25 


6  25 
6  26 
6  27 
6  27 
6  28 
6  29 
6  30 
6  30 
6  31 
6  32 
6  32 
6  34 
6  35 
6  35 
6  36 
6  37 
6  37 


6 
6 


37 
38 


6  38 
6  39 
6  40 


H.   M. 

sets. 

8  4 

9  7 
10  9 
U    8 

A.  M. 

12    4 

12  55 

1  42 

3  35 

3    3 

3  38 

4  10 

4  41 

5  11 
rises. 

7  43 

8  44 

9  49 

10  53 

11  55 

A.  M. 

12  52 
43 
28 

9 
46 
21 
55 


1 
2 
3 
3 
4 
4 


sets. 


SUN   ON 

MERIDIAN. 

- 

Datof 

Pay  of 

Dav  of 

Dav  of 

I)AV    OF 

Moth. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

MONIH. 

H. 

M.           s. 

H. 

M.           s. 

H.           M.           S. 

H.           M.          S. 

II.           M.           8. 

1 

12 

3  56 

7 

12 

2  11 

13 

12    0  33 

19 

11  59    6 

25 

1 1  57  54 

2 

12 

3  38 

8 

12 

1  54 

14 

12    0  17 

20 

1 1  58  53 

26 

11  57  44 

3 

12 

3  21 

9 

12 

1  37 

15 

12    0    2 

21 

11  58  40 

27 

1 1  57  34 

4 

12 

3     3 

10 

12 

1  21 

16 

1 1  59  48 

1 1  58  28 

28 

11  57  25 

5 

12 

2  45 

U 

12 

1     4 

17 

11  59  33 

23 

11  58  16 

29 

11  57  16 

6 

12 

2  18 

12 

12 

0  48 

18 

11  59  20 

24 

11  58     5 

30 

11  57    8 

TWILIGHT. 


Places. 

Apr, 

1 

1 

1 

Boston 

New  York. 
Wash '  ton. 
Charleston 

Begins 

!,  A.  ^Jl. 

a. 

M. 

4 

6 

4 

10 

4 

14 

4  24    1 

Ends,  P.  M. 

Apr. 

B.        M. 

8    2 

11 

7  58 

11 

7  54 

11 

7  43 

11 

Begins,   a.  m. 

H.         M. 

3  36 

3  50 

3  56 

4  10 

Ends,  p.  M. 

Apr. 

B.         M. 

8  16 

21 

8  12 

21 

8     7 

21 

7  52 

21 

Begins,  a.  m. 

B.         M. 

3  25 

3  31 

3  37 

3  55 

Ends,  P.  M. 

H.    M. 

8  32 
8  26 
8  20 
8    2 


5th  Month. 

MAY,  1908. 

• 

31  Da 

YS. 

■5 

4^ 

■5 

O 
J*. 

CsleiiJar  for              \ 

Boston.                   | 

Xfw  Eiiplaiiil.  N.  Y.  State. 

Michifraii.  Wisconsin, 

N.  anil  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and  Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

Nkw   Yobk   Citv, 

Connecticut,  Peausylvauia, 

O'lio,  Indiana.  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska,  Wj-oming, 

and  N'ortliein  California. 

Calendar  f.-r 

Washington, 

Vir;;inia,  Kentuiby, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado, 

Utah,  Nevada. 

and  Central  Caiitornia. 

Calendar  for 

Charlkst<'N, 

Georgia    Alabama, 

Louisiana. Arkansas,  Texas, 

New  Mexico,  Arizona, 
and  Southern   Calitoruia. 

c 
C 

Risks. 

U.        M 

4  55 

Sis 
Skts. 

Moon 

R.  4  S. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Skts. 

H .       M . 

0  56 

Moon 
rt.  4  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 

Sef^. 

Moon 

B.  4  S. 
H.      M. 

8    4 

SCN 

Rises. 

Sun 

Sets. 

Moon 
R.  *  s. 

1 

II.      M. 

7    0 

II.      M. 

8  12 

H.       M. 

4  59 

H.       M. 

8     7 

H.      M. 

5    2 

11.      M. 

6  52 

H.       M. 

5  13 

H.      M. 

6  41 

H.       M. 

7  53 

2 

Sa 

4  53 

7     1 

9  18 

4  57 

6  57 

9  13 

5    1 

0  53 

9    8 

5  12 

6  42 

8  54 

3 

S 

4  52 

7    2 

10  19 

4  50 

6  58 

10  14 

5    0 

0  54 

10     9 

5  11 

6  43 

9  52 

.4 

AI 

4  50 

7    3 

11  15 

4  54 

6  59 

11  10 

4  59 

6  55 

11     4 

5  10 

6  44 

10  47 

5 

Tu 

4  49 

7    4 

.\.  M. 

4  53 

7    0 

11  59 

4  57 

0  50 

11  53 

5  10 

6  45 

11  36 

6 

\V 

4  48 

7    5 

12     5 

4  52 

7     1 

A.  M. 

4  50 

6  57 

A.M. 

5    9 

6  45 

A.  M. 

4 

Til 

4  47 

12  47 

4  51 

7    2 

12  42 

4  55 

0  58 

12  37 

5    8 

6  40 

12  21 

8 

Fr 

4  40 

1  24 

4  50 

7    3 

I  20 

4  54 

0  59 

1  15 

5    7 

6  47 

I  1 

9 

Sa 

4  45 

7    8 

1  50 

4  49 

7     4 

1  52 

4  53 

7    0 

1  48 

5    0 

6  47 

1  37 

10 

S 

4  44 

7    9 

2  24 

4  48 

7    5 

2  21 

4  52 

7    1 

2  18 

5    5 

6  48 

2  10 

11 

-M 

4  43 

7  10 

2  49 

4  47 

7    6 

2  48 

4  51 

7    2 

2  40 

5    5 

6  49 

2  41 

12 

Ta 

4  42 

7  11 

3  14 

4  40 

7     7 

3  14 

4  50 

7    3 

3  13 

5    4 

6  49 

3  11 

13 

W 

4  41 

7  12 

3  39 

4  45 

7    8 

3  40 

4  49 

7    4 

3  40 

5    3 

6  50 

3  41 

14 

Th 

4  40 

7  13 

4    5 

4  44 

7    9 

4     6 

4  48 

7    5 

4    8 

5    2 

6  51 

4  13 

15 

Fr 

4  39 

7  14 

4  33 

4  43 

7  10 

4  36 

4  47 

7    0 

4  39 

5    2 

6  51 

4  47 

1() 

Sji 

4  38 

7  15 

rises. 

4  42 

7  11 

ri.ses. 

4  40 

7    7 

rises. 

5     1 

6  52 

rises. 

17 

S 

4  37 

7  10 

9  10 

4  42 

7  11 

9     5 

4  40 

7    8 

8  59 

5    0 

6  53 

8  43 

18 

-M 

4  3() 

7  17 

10  17 

4  41 

7  12 

10  11 

4  45 

7    8 

10    5 

5    0 

6  53 

9  47 

19 

Tu 

4  35 

7  19 

11  17 

4  40 

7  13 

11  11 

4  44 

7    9 

11     5 

4  59 

6  54 

10  48 

20 

VV 

4  34 

7  20 

A.  M. 

4  39 

7  14 

A.  U. 

4  44 

7  10 

11  58 

4  58 

6  54 

11  41 

21 

Th 

4  33 

7  21 

12    8 

4  39 

7  15 

12    3 

4  43 

7  10 

A.  M. 

4  58 

6  55 

A.  M. 

Of) 

Fr 

4  32 

7  22 

12  51 

4  38 

7  10 

12  47 

4  43 

7  11 

12  42 

4  57 

6  56 

12  29 

23 

Sa 

4  31 

7  23 

1  27 

4  37 

7  17 

1  24 

4  42 

7  12 

1  20 

4  57 

6  57 

1  11 

24 

S 

4  30 

7  24 

1  58 

4  30 

7  18 

1  56 

4  42 

7  13 

1  54 

4  56 

6  57 

1  48 

25 

M 

4  30 

7  25 

2  27 

4  35 

7  19 

2  27 

4  41 

7  14 

2  26 

4  50 

6  58 

2  23 

26 

Tu 

4  29 

7  2() 

2  53 

4  35 

7  20 

2  54 

4  41 

7  15 

2  54 

4  56 

0  58 

2  56 

27 

W 

4  29 

7  27 

3  21 

4  34 

7  20 

3  22 

4  40 

7  15 

3  24 

4  55 

0  59 

3  29 

28 

Th 

4  28 

7  27 

3  49 

4  34 

7  21 

3  52 

4  40 

7  10 

3  55 

4  55 

7    0 

4    3 

29 

Fr 

4  27 

7  28 

sets. 

4  33 

7  22 

sets. 

4  39 

7  17 

sets. 

4  55 

7     0 

sets. 

30 

8a 

4  27 

7  29 

8  14 

4  33 

7  23 

8    8 

4  38 

7  18 

8    2 

4  54 

7     1 

7  45 

31 

S 

4  26 

7  29 

9     5 

4  32 

7  23 

9    0 

4  38 

7  19 

8  54 

4  54 

7     1 

8  37 

SUN    ON 

MERIDIAN. 

D»VOF 

Pav   of 

Day  of 

Day  op 

Day  op 

Mo5iTH. 

Month  . 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

H.           M.           S. 

H.           M.           S. 

H.           M.           S. 

II.           M.           S. 

H.           M.           S. 

1 

U  57     1 

8 

11  50  22 

14 

11  50  11 

20 

11  50  20 

26 

11  50  49 

2 

11  56  54 

9 

11  56  19 

15 

11  50  11 

21 

11  50  23 

27 

11  50  55 

3 

11  50  47 

10 

11  56  16 

10 

11  56  12 

22 

11  50  27 

28 

11  57     2 

4 

11  50  41 

11 

U  50  14 

17 

1 1  50  13 

23 

1 1  50  32 

29 

U  57  10 

5 

11  50  35 

12 

11  50  12 

IS 

n  50  15! 

24 

11  56  37 

30 

11  57  18 

6 

U  56  30 

13 

IL  50  11 

19 

ir50  17 

25 

1 1  56  43 

31 

11  57  27 

7 

11  50  26 

1 

TWILIGHT. 

• 

Placks. 

May. 

(begins,    A.   M. 

Ends,  p.  M.   ; 

May. 

Begins,  x.  m. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

May. 

Begins,  A.  M. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

H.       M. 

H.        M. 

H.        M. 

H.        M. 

H.        M. 

H,        M. 

Boston .  ... 

1 

3    6 

8  48 

11 

2  47 

9    6 

21 

2  31 

9  22 

New  York. 

1 

3  13 

8  40 

11 

2  56 

8  56 

21 

2  42 

9  11 

Wasli '  ton. 

1 

3  21 

8  33 

11 

3    5 

8  47 

21 

2  52 

9    0 

Charleston 

1 

3  42 

8  21 

11 

3  30 

8  22 

21 

3  21 

8  32 

6th  Montit. 

JXrjfE,  1908. 

30  Days. 

O 

o 

is. 

it 

o 

Calendar  for 

Boston, 

Sew  England,  N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,    Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and  Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  City, 

Connecticut,  Pennsylvania, 

Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska,  Wyoming, 

and  Northern  California. 

Calendar  fof 

Washinqton, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado, 

Utah,   Nevada, 

and  Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Chablkston, 

Georgia,   Alabama, 

LoHisiana,Ark*nBa8,  TezM, 

New  Mexico,  Arizona, 
and  Southern  California. 

Sun 
Uisiis. 

H.      M. 

4  26 

Sun 

SliTS. 

Moon 

£.  A  S. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Skts. 

Moon 

B.  A  S. 

Sun 
Rises. 

8UN 

Sets. 

Moon 
a.  s  s. 

Sum 
Risks. 

II.     11. 

4  64 

SlTN 

Sets. 

Moow 

B.  «•. 

] 

:\i 

H.      M. 

7  30 

H.      M. 

9  58 

H.     u. 

4  32 

H.      M. 

7  24 

H.      U. 

9  52 

H.      M. 

4  37 

H.      11. 

7  19 

H.      M. 

9  46 

B.      M. 

7    2 

R.     11. 

9  29 

2 

Tu 

4  25 

7  31 

10  44 

4  31 

7  25 

10  39 

4  37 

7  19 

10  33 

4  53 

7    2 

10  16 

3 

w 

4  24 

7  32 

11  23 

4  31 

7  26 

11  17 

4"  36 

7  20 

11  13 

4  53 

7    3 

10  58 

4 

Th 

4  24 

7  32 

11  57 

4  30 

7  26 

il  52 

4  36 

7  20 

11  51 

4  53 

7    3 

11  36 

5 

Fr 

4  23 

7  33 

A.  M. 

4  30 

7  27 

A.  M. 

4  36 

7  21 

A.M. 

-4  52 

7    3 

A.M. 

6 

Sa 

4  23 

7  33 

13  25 

4  29 

7  27 

12  22 

4  35 

7  21 

12  19 

4  52 

7    4 

13  10 

7 

S 

4  23 

7  34 

12  52 

4  29 

7  28 

12  50 

4  35 

7  22 

12  48 

4  52 

7    4 

12  41 

8 

M 

4  22 

7  35 

1  16 

4  28 

7  28 

1  15 

4  35 

7  23 

1  14 

4  52 

7    5 

1  11 

9 

Tu 

4  22 

7  36 

1  40 

4  28 

7  29 

1  40 

4  34 

7  23 

1  40 

4  52 

7    6 

1  40 

10 

W 

4  22 

7  37 

2     5 

4  28 

7  30 

2    6 

4  34 

7  24 

2     7 

4  52 

7    6 

2  11 

11 

Til 

4  22 

7  37 

2  32 

4  28 

7  30 

2  34 

4  34 

7  24 

2  37 

4  52 

7    7 

2  48 

12 

Fr 

4  22 

7  38 

3    2 

4  28 

7  31 

3    5 

4  34 

7  25 

3    9 

4  52 

7    7 

3  19 

13 

Sa 

4  22 

7  38 

3  38 

4  28 

7  31 

3  43 

4  34 

7  25 

3  47 

4  52 

7    8 

4    1 

14 

S 

4  22 

7  38 

rises. 

4  28 

7  32 

rises. 

4  34 

7  26 

rises. 

4  52 

7    8 

rises. 

15 

M 

4  22 

7  39 

9    6 

4  28 

7  32 

9    0 

4  34 

7  26 

8  54 

4  52 

7    8 

8  36 

16 

Tu 

4  22 

7  39 

10    3 

4  28 

7  32 

9  57 

4  34 

7  26 

9  52 

4  52 

7    9 

9  34 

17 

VV 

4  22 

7  39 

10  50 

4  28 

7  33 

10  45 

4  34 

7  27 

10  41 

4  52 

7    9 

10  26 

18 

Th 

4  22 

7  39 

11  26 

4  28 

7  33 

11  23 

4  34 

7  27 

11  19 

4  52 

7    9 

11    8 

19 

Fr 

4  22 

7  39 

A.  M. 

4  28 

7  33 

11  59 

4  34 

7  27 

11  57 

4  52 

7  10 

11  50 

20 

Sa 

4  22 

7  39 

12    2 

4  28 

7  33 

A.  M. 

4  34 

7  27 

A.M. 

4  52 

7  10 

A.  M. 

21 

S 

4  22 

7  40 

12  31 

4  28 

7  34 

12  30 

4  34 

7  28 

12  29 

4  52 

7  10 

12  25 

22 

M 

4  22 

7  40 

12  59 

4  29 

7  34 

12  59 

4  34 

7  28 

12  59 

4  53 

7  11 

12  59 

23 

Tu 

4  22 

7  40 

1  25 

4  29 

7  34 

1  26 

4  35 

7  28 

1  28 

4  53 

7  11 

1  32 

24 

\V 

4  23 

7  40 

1  53 

4  29 

7  34 

1  55 

4  35 

7  28 

1  58 

4  53 

7  11 

3    5 

25 

Th 

4  23 

7  40 

2  23 

4  29 

7  34 

2  26 

4  35 

7  28 

2  30 

4  53 

7  11 

2  41 

26 

Fr 

4  23 

7  40 

2  56 

4  30 

7  34 

3    1 

4  36 

7  29 

3    5 

4  54 

7  11 

3  19 

27 

Sa 

4  23 

7  40 

3  35 

4  30 

7  34 

3  40 

4  36 

7  29 

3  45 

4  54 

7  11 

4    1 

28 

S 

4  23 

7  40 

sets. 

4  30 

7  34 

sets. 

4  36 

7  29 

sets. 

4  54 

7  11 

sets. 

29 

M 

4  24 

7  40 

8  49 

4  31 

7  35| 

8  34 

4  36 

7  29 

8  28 

4  54 

7  11 

8  21 

30 

Tu 

4  24 

7  40 

9  21 

4  31 

7  35 

9  16 

4  37 

7  29 

9  11 

4  55 

7  11 

8  55 

SI 

JN    ON 

MERIDIAN. 

Day  ok 

Day  op 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month, 

Month. 

H.           M.          8. 

H.            M.            !>. 

H.           M.           8. 

H. 

M.          8. 

H.       M.       a. 

1 

11  57  35 

7 

11  58  36 

13 

11  59  47 

19 

12 

1    3 

25 

12    2  21 

2 

11  57  45 

8 

11  58  48 

14 

11  59  59 

20 

12 

1  16 

26 

12    2  34 

3 

11  57  54 

9 

11  58  59 

15 

12    0  12 

21 

12 

1  29 

27 

12    2  46 

4 

11  58    4 

10 

11  59  11 

16 

12    0  25 

22 

12 

1  42 

28 

12    2  59 

5 

11  58  15 

11 

11  59  28 

17 

12    0  37 

23 

12 

1  55 

29 

12    3  11 

6 

11  58  25 

12 

11  59  35 

18 

12    0  50 

24 

12 

2     8 

30 

12    3  23 

TWILIGHT. 

Places. 

Juue. 

Begins,  a.  m. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

June. 

Begins,   A.  M. 

Ends,  P.  M. 

June. 

Begins,  a.  M. 

Ends,  p.  u. 

H,         M. 

H.         M, 

H.         M. 

H.         M. 

■.        M. 

H.         M. 

Boston 

1 

2  17 

9  38 

11 

2    9 

9  51 

21 

2    8 

9  55 

New  York.. 

1 

2  29 

9  26 

11 

2  23 

9  37 

21 

2  22 

9  41 

Wash' ton.. 

1 

2  41 

9  14 

11 

2  36 

9  24 

21 

2  35 

9  28 

Charleston. 

1 

3  13 

8  43 

11 

3    9 

8  51 

21 

3    9 

8  54 

i 


7th  Month. 


JULY,   1908. 


31  Days. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


w 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

M 

Til 

W 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

INI 

Tu 

W 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

M 

Tu 

W 

Th 

Fr 

Sa 

S 

M 

Tu 

W 

Th 

Fr 


Calendnr  for 

Boston 

New  England,  N    Y.  State, 

Michigan.  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and  Oregon. 


Pun 
Rises. 


Sun 
Skts. 


Moon 

R.  i  s. 


25 

26 

27 

27 

28 

29 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 


4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4  45 


4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 


46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 


7 

7 

.7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

/ 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

/ 

7 

7 

7 


40 

40 

40 

39 

39 

39 

39 

38 

38 

38 

37 

37 

37 

36 

36 

35 

34 

33 

32 

32 

31 

30 

29 

28 

27 

26 

25 

24 

23 

22 

21 


Calendar  for 

New    York    City, 

Connecticut,  Pennsylvania, 

Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska,  Wyoming, 

and  Northern  California. 


Sun 
Rises. 


H.      M. 

9  57 
10  28 

10  55 
U  18 

11  43 

A.  M. 

12  7 
12  32 
12  59 

1  32 
3  11 

2  59 
rises. 

8  42 

9  25 

10  2 

10  33 

11  0 

11  27 

11  56 

A.  M 

12  26 
12  58 

1  35 

2  16 

3  4 
3  57 
sets. 
8  30 

8  58 

9  23 


4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 


Sun 
Sets. 


81 
32 
33 
34 
35 
35 
36 
37 
37 
38 
39 
40 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
54 
55 
4  55 


/ 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 


Moon 

R.  i  s. 


34 
84 
34 

o 
O 

33 
33 

33 

32 

32 

32 

31 

31 

30 

30 

29 

29 

28 

28 

27 

26 

26 

25 

24 


H.   M. 

9  52 
10  24 

10  52 

11  18 

11  42 

A.M. 

12  7 
12 

1 


Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado, 

Utah,  Nevada, 

and  Central  California. 


Sun 
Rises. 


33 

2 


1 
2 
3 


36 

16 

5 


rises 

8  37 

9  21 
9  59 

10  32 

11  0 
11  28 

11  59 

A.  M. 

12  29 


7  23 


7 

7 
7 
7 
7 

»^ 

/ 
i 


22 
21 

20 
19 
18 
18 
17 


1 

1 
2 
3 

4 


2 
40 
22 
10 

2 


sets 
8  26 

8  55 

9  21 


4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 


Sun 
Sets. 


37 

37 

38 

38 

39 

40 

40 

41 

41 

42 

43 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

50 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

57 

58 

58 

59 


7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 


Moon 

B.  .«  S. 


29 

29 

29 

28 

28 

28 

28 

27 

27 

26 

26 

25 

25 

24 

24 

23 

23 

22 

21 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

17 

16 

15 

14 

14 

14 

13 


Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas,  Texas, 

New  Mexico,  Arizona, 

and  Southern  California. 


Sun 
Rises. 


Sun 
Sets. 


9  48 
10  21 

10  50 

11  16 

11  42 

A.  M. 

12  8 
12  85 

1    5 

1  40 

2  21 

3  10 
rises. 

8  31 

9  17 
9  56 

10  30 

10  59 

11  29 

A.M. 

12  1 
12  32 

1     6 

1  45 

2  27 

3  15 

4  8 
sets 
8  22 

8  52 

9  19 


H.      M. 

4  55 
4  55 


4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 


56 

56 

57 

57 

58 

58 

59 

0 

0 

1 

1 

2 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

5 

6 

7 

7 

8 

9 

9 

10 

11 

11 

12 

13 


7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

6 


11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 


Moon 

R.   A  8. 


9  35 
10  10 

10  42 

11  12 

11  40 

A.  M. 

12  10 
1012  41 


10 

10 

10 

9 


1  14 

1  52 

2  36 

3  28 


9  rises. 


9 
8 
8 
8 
7 
7 
6 
6 
5 
5 
4 
3 
3 
2 
1 
0 
0 
59 


8  16 

9  4 
9  47 

10  25 

10  59 

11  32 

A.  M. 

12  7 
12  42 

1  19 

2  0 

2  44 

3  33 

4  25 
sets. 
8  10 

8  44 

9  14 


SUN'ON 

MERIDIAN. 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  op 

Day  op 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

H.          M.           S. 

H. 

M.           S. 

H.           M.           S. 

H.           M.           8. 

H.           M.          8. 

1 

12    8  35 

8 

12 

4  49 

14 

12    5  86 

20 

12    6    7 

26 

12    6  18 

2 

12    3  46 

9 

12 

4  58 

15 

12    5  43 

21 

12    6  10 

27 

12    6  18 

3 

12    3  58 

10 

12 

5     6 

16 

12    5  49 

22 

12    6  13 

28 

12    6  17 

4 

12    4    9 

11 

12 

5  15 

17 

12    5  54 

23 

12    6  15 

29 

12    6  16 

5 

12    4  19 

12 

12 

5  22 

18 

12    5  59 

24 

12    6  17 

80 

12    6  14 

6 

12    4  29 

13 

12 

5  30 

19 

12    6    3 

25 

12    6  18 

81 

12    6  11 

7      12    4  39 

TWILIGHT. 


Places. 


Boston 

New  York. 
Wash' ton.. 
Charleston, 


July. 

Begins,  a.  m. 

B.         M. 

1 

2  14 

1 

2  27 

1 

2  40 

1 

3  13 

Ends,  p.  M. 

July. 

B.        M. 

9  54 

11 

9  40 

11 

9  27 

11 

8  54 

11 

Begins,  a.  m. 

B.         M. 

2  24 

2  37 

2  49 

3  20 

Ends,  P.  IK, 
B.       M. 

9  45 
9  34 
9  22 
8  50 


Juh 


21 
21 
21 
21 


Begins,  a.  m. 

H.         M. 

2  39 

2  49 

3    0 

3  29 

Ends,  p.  M, 


H. 

9 
9 
9 


M. 

34 
23 
12 


8  43 


Sth  Moxth. 

AUGUST,    1908. 

31  Days. 

a 

• 

■3 

o 
>> 

& 

Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  England,  N.  Y.  SUte, 

Michigan.   Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and  Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

Nbtw   York    City, 

Connecticut,  Pennsvlvania, 

Ohio.  Indiana,  llfinois,      ; 

Iowa,  Nebraska,  Wyoming, 

and  Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado, 

Utah,  Nevada, 

and    Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,   Alabama, 

Louisiana,Arkansas,  Texas, 

New  Mexico,  Arizona, 

and  Southern  California. 

o 

Sun 
Rises. 

8dn 
Sets. 

Moon 

R.  A  8.   ; 

1 

Sun 
Risks. 

Sun- 
sets. 

Moon 
R.  A  s. 

H.       M. 

9  46 

Sun 
Risks. 

.     Sun 
NSkts. 

Moon 
R.  .t  s. 

Sun 
Risks. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 

1 

Sa 

H.      M. 

4  52 

H.      M. 

7  20 

H.      M. 

9  46 

H.      M. 

4  56 

H.      M. 

7  16 

H. 

5 

M. 

0 

H.      M. 

7  12 

H.      M. 

9  45 

H.      M. 

5  14 

H.      M. 

6  58 

H.      M. 

9  42 

2:s      ! 

4  53 

7  19 

10  10 

4  57 

7  15 

10  10 

5 

1 

7  11 

10  10 

5  14 

6  57 

10  11 

3 

M 

4  54 

7  18 

10  341 

4  58 

7  14 

10  35 

5 

1 

7  10 

10  36 

5  15 

6  56 

10  40 

4 

Tu 

4  55 

7  17 

10  59] 

4  59 

7  12 

11  02i 

5 

2 

7    9 

11     4 

5  16 

6  55 

11  11 

5 

VV 

4  56 

7  16 

11  29 

5    0 

7  11 

11  32; 

5 

3 

7    8 

11  36 

5  16 

6  55 

11  47 

6 

Th 

4  57 

7  15 

A.  M. 

5    1 

7  10 

A.M. 

5 

4 

7    7 

A.  M. 

5  17 

6  54 

A.  M. 

7 

Fr 

4  58 

7  14 

12    3 

5    2 

7    9 

12     8 

5 

5 

7    6 

12  12 

5  18 

6  5312  26 

8 

Sa 

4  59 

7  13 

12  46 

5    3 

7    7 

12  51 

5 

6 

7    6 

12  57 

5  18 

6  52 

1  13 

9 

S 

5    0 

7  11 

1  38 

5    4 

7    6 

1  45; 

5 

7 

7    5 

1  50 

5  19 

6  51 

2    8 

10 

M 

5    1 

7  10 

2  42 

5    5 

7    5 

2  47 

5 

8 

7    3 

2  53 

5  20 

6  50 

3  11 

11 

Tu 

5    2 

7    9 

3  55 

5    6 

7    4 

4     2 

5 

9 

7    2 

4  05 

5  21 

6  48 

4  21 

12 

W 

5    3 

7    8 

rises. 

5    7 

7    3rises. 

5 

10 

7    0 

rises. 

5  21 

6  47 

rises. 

13 

Th 

5    4 

7    7 

8  30 

5    8 

7     1|  8  28 

5 

11 

6  59 

8  26 

5  22 

6  46 

8  19 

14 

Fr 

5    5 

7    5 

9     0 

5    9 

7    0 

8  59| 

5 

12 

6  58 

8  59 

5  23 

6  45 

8  56 

15 

Sa 

5    6 

7    4 

9  30 

5  10 

6  58 

9  30 

5 

13 

6  57 

9  30 

5  23 

6  44 

9  31 

16 

S 

5    7 

7    3 

9  58 

5  11 

6  57 

9  59 

5 

14 

6  55 

10     1 

5  24 

6  43 

10    6 

17 

M 

5    8 

7    1 

10  27 

5  12 

6  56 

10  30 

5 

15 

6  54 

10  33 

5  25 

6  42 

10  41 

18 

Tu 

5    9 

6  59 

10  59 

5  13 

6  55 

11     3 

5 

16 

6  52 

11     7 

5  25 

6  41 

11  19 

19 

W 

5  10 

6  57 

11  30 

5  14 

6  54 

11  39 

5 

17 

6  51 

U  44 

5  26 

6  40 

11  59 

20 

Th 

5  11 

6  55 

A.  M. 

5  15 

6  53 

A.  M. 

5 

18 

6  49 

A.  M. 

5  27 

6  39 

A.  M. 

21 

Fr 

5  12 

6  54 

12  15 

5  16 

6  51 

12  20 

5 

19 

6  48 

12  26 

5  27 

6  38 

12  42 

22 

Sa 

5  13 

6  52 

1     0 

5  17 

6  50 

1     6 

5 

20 

6  46 

1  12 

5  28 

6  36 

1  29 

23 

S 

5  14 

6  51 

1  52 

5  18 

6  48 

1  58 

5 

21 

6  45 

2     3 

5  29 

6  35 

2  21 

24 

M 

5  15 

6  50 

2  47 

5  19 

6  46 

2  52 

5 

22 

6  44 

2  58 

5  29 

6  34 

3  14 

25 

Tu 

5  16 

6  48 

3  45 

5  20 

6  44 

3  50 

5  23 

6  42 

3  54 

5  30 

6  33 

4    8 

26 

W 

5  17 

6  47 

sets. 

5  21 

6  42 

sets. 

5 

24 

6  41 

sets. 

5  31 

6  32 

sets. 

27 

Th 

5  18 

6  45 

7  27 

5  22 

6  41 

7  25 

5 

25 

6  40 

7  23 

5  31 

6  31 

7  16 

28 

Fr 

5  19 

6  43 

7  51 

5  23 

6  39 

7  50 

5 

26 

6  38 

7  49 

5  32 

6  30!  7  45 

29 

Sa 

5  20 

6  41 

8  14 

5  24 

6  38 

8  14 

5  27 

6  37 

8  14 

5  33 

6  28!  8  14 

30 

S 

5  22 

6  39 

8  38 

5  25 

6  36 

8  39 

5 

27 

6  35 

8  40 

5  83 

6  27 

8  43 

31 

M 

5  23 

6  37 

9     2 

5  26 

6  35 

9    4 

5 

28 

6  33 

9    6 

5  34 

6  26 

9  14 

SUN    ON 

MERIDIAN. 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  op 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

R. 

M.           8. 

H. 

M.           S. 

H. 

M.           S. 

H. 

M.           S. 

H.           M.          S. 

1 

12 

6    8 

8 

12 

5  28 

14 

12 

4  31 

20 

12 

3  15 

26 

12    1  42 

2 

12 

6    4 

9 

12 

5  20 

15 

12 

4  20 

21 

12 

3    1 

27 

12    1  25 

3 

12 

6    0 

10 

12 

5  12 

16 

12 

4    8 

22 

12 

2  46 

28 

12     1    8 

4 

12 

5  55 

11 

12 

5     21 

17 

12 

3  55 1 

23 

12 

2  31 

29 

12    0  51 

5 

12 

5  49 

12 

12 

4  52j 

18 

12 

3  42 1 

24 

13 

2  15 

30 

12    0  33 

6 

12 

5  43 

13 

12 

4  42 

19 

12 

3  29 

25 

12 

1  59 

31 

12    0  14 

7 

12 

5  36 

TWILIGHT. 


Places. 


Boston 

New  York. 
Wash' ton. 
Charleston. 


Aug. 

Begins,   a.  m.I 

R.         M. 

1 

2  57 

1 

3    6 

1 

3  15 

1 

3  40 

Ends,  p.  M. 


H.  M. 

9  16 

9  6 

8  57 

8  32 


Aug. 

Begins,   A.  M. 

H.         M. 

11 

3  13 

11 

3  22 

11 

3  29 

;  11 

3  50 

H.         M. 

8  57 
8  48 
8  41 
8  20 


Aug. 


21 
21 
21 
21 


Begins,   a.  m. 


U.  M. 

3  29 

3  35 

3  41 

3  59 


Kuda,  p,  M. 


H,         M. 

8  37 
8  81 
8  24 

8    7 


9th  Month. 


SEPTEMBER,  1908. 


30  Days. 


a 


4 

v 

t 
>^ 

ft 


ITu 

3\V 

3|Th 

4'Fr 

5Sa 

6S 

7!M 

SjTu 

9W 

10  Th 

11  Fr 
12Sa 
13S 
14M 

15  ITu 

16  W 

17  Th 

18  Fr 

19  Sa 

20  S 
21M 

22  Tu 

23  W 

24  Th 

25  Fr 
26' Sa 
27S 

28  M 

29  Tu 
30;  VV 


Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  Englaud,  N.  Y.  State,! 

Miclii^caii.   Wisconsin,      i 
N.  ai)<1  8.  Dakota,  | 

Washlflflon,  and  Oregon. 


Sun 
Risks. 


5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


5 
5 

5 
5 


M. 

24 

26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
5  42 
5  43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
5  50 
5  51 
5  52 
53 
54 
55 
56 


Sets. 


6  35 
6  33 
6  32| 
6  30 
6  28! 
6  261 
6  25 
6  23 
6  21 
6  19 
6  17 
6  15 
6  14 
6  12 
6  10 
6    8 


6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


6 

5 

3 

] 

0 

58 

56 

54 

52 

50 

49 

47 

46 


Moon 


9  30 

10     1! 

10  39! 

11  25! 

A.  M. 

12  22 

1  29 

2  48 
4    3 

rises. 


5  44 


7  27; 

7  55: 

8  25 

8  57 

9  31 
10  11 

10  56 

11  46 

A.  M. 

12  40 

1  38 

2  37 

3  38 

4  38 
set8. 

6  42 

7  6 

7  32 

8  2 
8  37 


Calendar  for 

Nbw    York   City, 

Connecticut,  Pennsylvania, 

Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska,  Wyoming, 

and  Northern  California. 


Sun 
Rises. 


M 

27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 


Sun 
Skts. 


5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


5  36 
5  37 


38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 


R. 

6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


Moon 
R.  ^  s. 


M.    H.   M. 

33!  9  33 
31jl0  5 
30  10  44 
28!ll  31 

26  A.M. 

24  12  28 
23  1  34 
2  48 
4    6 


Calendar  for  I  Calendar  for 

■Washington,  |:  Chaiu.kston, 

Virginia,  Kentucky,         ■,'  Georgia,    Aliibama, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado,    Lonisiana, Arkansas,  Texas, 

Utah.   Nevada,  :       New  Mexico,  Arizona, 

and  Central  California.        I    and  Souihern  California. 


Sun 

Rl^ES. 


21 
19 


17 


16 
14 
13 
11 
9 
7 


rises. 
7  27 

7  57 

8  27 

9  0 
9  36 

10  16 
5|ll  1 
4!11  52 

"    A.  M. 

12  45 

1  43 

2  41 

3  40 

4  40 
sets. 

6  43 

7  7 

7  35 

8  6 
8  42 


1 
0 

58 
56 
54 
53 
51 
49 
48 
46 
45 


29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
41 
42 
43 
5  44 
5  45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 


5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


51 
52 
53 
53 
54 
55 
55 


SCN 

Sets. 


H.   M. 

6  31 
6  29 
6  28 
6  27j 
6  24! 
6  23 
6  21 
6  20 
6  18 
6  16 
6  15 
6  13 
6  12 
6  10 
9 


Moon 
R.  A  s. 

H.   M. 

9  36 
10    9 

10  49 

11  37 

A.  M. 

12  34 

1  40 

2  53 
4  10 

rises. 


6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


7 

5 

4 

2 

0 

59 

57 

56 

54 

53 

51 

50 

49 

47 

45 


27, 
58! 

8  30 

9  4 

41 
oo 

7 

11  57 

A.  M, 

12  51 


7 
7 


9 
10 
11 


1 
2 


48, 
43' 

3  44; 

4  42j 
sets,  j 
6  44; 


7 
7 


9 
38 
8  10 

8  47 


Sum 
RISE'S. 


5 
o 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


M. 

35 
35 
36 
37 
37 
38 
38 
39 
40 
40 
41 
42 
42 
5  43 
5  44 
44 


5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


45 
45 

46 

47 

47 

48 

48 

49 

50 

50 

51 

52 

5 

53 


Sun    Moon 
Sets.   r.  a  s. 

H.   M.    H.   M. 

6  25  9  46 
6  24  10  22 
6  22  11  5 
6  21  11  55 

6   19  A.M. 


6  18 
6  16 
6  15 
6  14 


6  11 
6    9 


12  52 
1  57 

3  8 

4  21 

6  12  rises. 

7  26 

8  1 
8  37 


6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


8 
/ 

6 

5 

4 

3 

1 

0 

59 

57 

56 

54 

53 

51 

50 

49 

48 

47 


9.15 
9  55 

10  39 

11  25 

A.  M. 

12  15 


8 
3 

58 
53 
48 


sets. 

6  46 

7  15 

7  47 

8  22 

9  2 


SUN    ON 

MERIDIAN. 

Davof 

Day    op 

Day    of 

Day    of 

Day    of 

Month. 

Mo.vth, 

MiiNTH. 

Month. 

Month. 

H.           M.           -S. 

H.           M.           S. 

H.           M.           S. 

H.           M.           K. 

H.           M.           S. 

1 

U  59  56 

7 

11  57  58 

13 

11  55  53 

19 

11  53  46 

25 

11  51  40 

2 

11  59  37 

8 

11  57  37 

14 

11  55  32i 

20 

11  53  24! 

26 

11  51  20 

3 

11  59  17 

9 

11  57  17 

15 

11  55  10 

21 

11  53     3! 

27 

11  51  00 

4 

11  58  58 

10 

11  56  56 

16 

lb 54  49 

22 

11  52  42! 

28 

11  50  40 

6 

11  58  38 

11 

11  56  35 

17 

11  54  28 

23 

11  52  22 

29 

11  50  20 

6 

11  58  18 

12 

11  56  14! 

18 

11  54     7 

24 

11  52     1| 

30 

11  50    1 

TWILIGHT. 


Placbs. 

Sept. 

Begins,  a.  m. 

Ends,  P.  M. 

Sept. 

Begins,  A.  M. 
H.        M. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

H.         M. 

Sept. 

Begins,  a.  m. 

H.         M. 

Ends,  P.  M. 

H.        M. 

H.         M. 

H.       M. 

Boston 

1 

3  45 

8  14 

11 

3  59 

7  54 

21 

4  12 

7  84 

New  York . 

1 

3  50 

8    9 

11 

4    3 

7  50 

21 

4  15 

7  31 

Wash'  ton . 

1 

3  55 

8    4 

11 

4    7 

7  46 

21 

4  18 

7  28 

Charleston 

1 

4    9 

7  51 

11 

4  17 

7  36 

21 

4  20 

7  20 

IOth  Month, 

OCTOBER, 

1908. 

31  Days. 

i 

1 

1 
•s 

1 

Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  England,  N.  Y,  State, 

Michigan,   Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and  Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

Nbw  York  City, 

Connecticut,  Pennsylvania, 

Ohio,  Indiana,   Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska,  Wyoming, 

and  Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,   Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado, 

Utah,   Nevada, 

and  Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,   Alabama^ 

Loiilsiau  a,  Arkansas,  Texas, 

New  Mexico,  Arizona, 

and  Southern  California. 

o 

1 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.A  s. 

Son 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
E.  A  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
B.  A  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon. 
s.  <t  s. 

1 

Th 

H.     U. 

5  57 

H.      U. 

5  42 

H.      M- 

9  20 

H.      M. 

5  56 

H.      M. 

5  43 

H.      M. 

9  25 

H.      M. 

5  56 

H.      M. 

5  44 

H.      M. 

9  31 

H.      M. 

5  54 

R.      M. 

5  45 

R.     M. 

9  49 

2 

Fr 

5  58 

5  40 

10  11 

5  57 

5  41 

10  17 

0  57 

5  43 

10  23 

5  55 

5  43 

10  42 

3 

Sa 

5  59 

5  39 

11  12 

5  58 

5  40 

11  18 

5  58 

5  41 

11  24 

5  56 

5  43 

11  43 

4 

S 

6     1 

5  38 

A.  M. 

6    0 

5  38 

A.  M. 

5  59 

5  39 

A.M. 

5  57 

5  41 

A.  M. 

5 

M 

6    2 

5  36 

12  21 

6    1 

5  37 

12  27 

6    0 

5  38 

12  32 

5  57 

5  40 

12  48 

6 

Tu 

6    3 

5  34 

1  37 

6    2 

5  35 

1  41 

6    1 

5  36 

1  45 

5  58 

5  39 

1  58 

7 

VV 

6    4 

5  33 

2  54 

6    3 

5  33 

2  57 

6    2 

5  35 

3    0 

5  59 

5  37 

3    9 

8 

Th 

6    5 

5  31 

4  12 

6    4 

5  32 

4  13 

6    3 

5  34 

4  15 

5  59 

5  36 

4  20 

9 

Fr 

6    6 

5  30 

rises. 

6    5 

5  30 

rises. 

6    4 

5  32 

rises. 

6    0 

5  35 

rises. 

10 

Sa 

6    8 

5  39 

6  21 

6    6 

5  38 

6  23 

6    5 

5  30 

6  25 

6     1 

5  34 

6  30 

11 

8 

6    9 

5  27 

6  51 

6    7 

5  37 

6  55 

6    6 

5  38 

6  58 

6    1 

5  33 

7    7 

13 

M 

6  10 

5  25 

7  26 

6    8 

5  35 

7  30 

6    7 

5  36 

7  34 

6    3 

5  31 

7  47 

13 

Tu 

6  11 

5  23 

8    4 

6    9 

5  24 

8    9 

6    8 

5  34 

8  14 

6    3 

5  30 

8  30 

14 

W 

6  12 

5  22 

8  47 

6  10 

5  32 

8  53 

6    9 

5  33 

8  59 

6    3 

5  39 

9  16 

15 

Th 

6  13 

5  20 

9  36 

6  11 

5  21 

9  42 

6  10 

5  21 

9  48 

6    4 

5  38 

10    6 

16 

Fr 

6  14 

5  18 

10  31 

6  13 

5  19 

10.36 

6  11 

5  19 

10  42 

6    5 

5  36 

11    0 

17 

Sa 

6  15 

5  16 

11  28 

6  13 

5  17 

11  33 

6  13 

5  18 

11  38 

6    6 

5  35 

11  54 

18 

S 

6  16 

5  14 

A.M. 

6  14 

5  16 

A.  M. 

6  13 

5  16 

A.M. 

6    7 

5  24 

A.M. 

19 

M 

6  18 

5  12 

12  28 

6  16 

5  14 

12  33 

6  15 

5  15 

12  36 

6    8 

5  33 

13  50 

20 

Tu 

6  19 

5  11 

1  37 

6  17 

5  13 

1  31 

6  16 

5  14 

1  34 

6    8 

5  33 

1  45 

21 

W 

6  20 

5    9 

2  38 

6  18 

5  12 

2  30 

6  17 

5  13 

2  33 

6    9 

5  21 

2  40 

22 

Th 

6  21 

5    8 

3  28 

6  19 

5  11 

3  29 

6  18 

5  11 

3  31 

6  10 

5  19 

3  35 

23 

Fr 

6  22 

5    6 

4  29 

6  30 

5    9 

4  39 

6  19 

5  10 

4  39 

6  1] 

5  18 

4  30 

24 

Sa 

6  23 

5    3 

5  31 

6  31 

5    8 

5  30 

6  30 

5    9 

5  29 

6  12 

5  17 

5  26 

25 

S 

6  24 

5    2 

sets. 

6  33 

5    6 

sets. 

6  21 

5    8 

sets. 

6  13 

5  16 

sets. 

26 

M 

6  26 

5    0 

6    4 

6  33 

5    5 

6     8 

6  23 

5    6 

6  11 

6  14 

5  15 

6  23 

27 

Tu 

6  27 

4  59 

6  37 

6  34 

5    3 

6  42 

6  23 

5    5 

6  47 

6  15 

5  14 

7    1 

28 

W 

6  28 

4  58 

7  18 

6  35 

5    2 

7  23 

6  24 

5    4 

7  29 

6  15 

5  14 

7  46 

29 

Th 

6  29 

4  57 

8    6 

6  26 

5    0 

8  12 

6  24 

5    3 

8  19 

6  16 

5  13 

8  37 

30 

Fr 

6  30 

4  56 

9    4 

6  37 

4  59 

9  10 

6  25 

5    3 

9  16 

6  17 

5  12 

9  35 

31 

Sa 

6  31 

4  55 

10  10 

6  29 

4  58 

10  16 

6  26 

5    1 

10  33 

6  17 

5  11 

10  38 

SUN    ON 

MERIDIAN. 

Day  of 

Day  op 

Day  op 

Day  op 

Day  of 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month, 

H.          M.          S. 

H.           M.          S. 

H.           M.           8. 

H.           M.          S. 

H.          M.          S. 

1 

11  49  41 

8 

11  47  35 

14 

11  46    3 

20 

11  44  51 

26 

11  44    3 

2 

11  49  23 

9 

11  47  19 

15 

11  45  50 

21 

11  44  43 

27 

11  43  57 

3 

11  49    4 

10 

11  47    2 

16 

11  45  37 

23 

11  44  33 

28 

11  43  53 

4 

11  48  45 

11 

11  46  47 

17 

11  45  25 

23 

11  44  24 

29 

11  43  49 

5 

11  48  27| 

13 

11  46  32 

18 

11  45  13 

24 

11  44  16 

30 

11  43  45 

6 

11  48    9 

13 

11  46  17 

19 

11  45     2 

25 

11  44    9 

31 

11  43  43 

7 

11  47  52 

TWILICHT. 

Placxs. 

Oct. 

Begins,  a.  m. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

Oct. 

Begins,  A.  M. 

Ends,  P.  M. 

Oct. 

Beeins.  a.  m. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

H,        M. 

H.         M. 

H.        M, 

H.        H. 

H.         M. 

H.        M. 

Boston 

1 

4  24 

7  15 

11 

4  35 

6  58 

21 

5  20 

6  12 

New  York. 

1 

4  26 

7  14 

11 

4  36 

6  57 

21 

5  18 

6  14 

Wash '  ton. 

1 

4  27 

7  ]3 

11 

4  37 

6  56 

21 

5  16 

6  16 

Charleston. 

1 

4  32 

7    7 

11 

4  39 

6  54 

21 

5  10 

6  22 

11th  Month 

• 

NOVEMBER, 

1908. 

30  Days/, 

5 
§ 

i 

1 

O 

1 

Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  Englan(H  N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,   Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and  Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

Nkw  York  City, 

Connecticut,  Pennsylvania, 

Ohio,    Indiana,   Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebiaska,  Wyoming, 

and  Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington. 

i        Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado*, 

Utah,   Nevada, 

and  Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,   Alabama|_ 

Louisiana, Arkansas,  Texts, 

New  Mexico,  Arizona, 

and  Southern  California* 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sum 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  Jt  a. 

SU!* 

Risks. 

Sum 
Sets. 

Moon 
s.  *  a. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 

R.  Jk  S. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sdn 
Sets, 

Moon 
R.  sa. 

1 

s 

H.      M. 

6  32 

R.      M. 

4  54 

H.      M. 

11  22 

H.      M. 

6  30 

H.      M. 

4  57 

H.      U. 

11  37 

H.      M. 

6  37 

H.      M. 

5    0 

H.       M. 

11  31 

H.       M. 

6  18 

H.      M. 

5  10 

H.       M. 

11  46 

2 

M 

6  34 

4  53|A.M. 

6  31 

4  56 

A.M. 

6  28 

4  59 

A.  M. 

6  19 

5     9 

A.  M. 

3 

Tu 

6  35 

4  51,12  36 

6  32 

4  55 

12  40 

6  29 

4  58 

12  43 

6  30 

5     8 

12  54 

4 

VV 

6  36 

4  50 

1  511 

6  33 

4  54 

1  531 

6  30 

4  57 

1  55 

6  31 

5     7 

2    2 

5 

Th 

6  38 

4  49 

3    8 

6  35 

4  53 

3    8': 

6  31 

4  56 

3    9 

6  33 

5    7 

3  12 

6 

Fr 

6  39 

4  47 

4  30 

6  36 

4  51 

4  191 

6  33 

4  55 

4  19 

6  33 

5    6 

4  17 

7,|Sa 

6  40 

4  46   5  34i 

6  38 

4  50 

5  32 

6  33 

4  54 

5  30 

6  34 

5    5 

5  24 

8'S 

6  43 

4  45;  rises. 

6  39 

4  49 

rises. 

6  34 

4  53 

rises. 

6  35 

5    4 

rises. 

9M 

6  43 

4  44 

5  56 

6  40 

4  48 

6    1 

6  36 

4  53 

6    5 

6  26 

5     3 

6  30 

10  Tu 

6  46 

4  43 

6  37 

6  43 

4  47 

6  43 

6  37 

4  51 

6  48 

6  37 

5     3 

7    5 

11  W 

6  48 

4  41 

7  35 

6  43 

4  46 

.7  31 

6  38 

4  50 

7  37 

6  38 

5     3 

7  55 

13  Th 

6  50 

4  40 

8  18 

1  6  44 

4  45 

8  24 

6  39 

4  49 

8  30, 

6  39 

5     1 

8  48 

13  Fr 

6  52 

4  39 

9  15 

6  46 

4  44 

9  20 

6  41 

4  48 

9  26 

6  30 

5     0 

9  43 

14  Sa 

6  53 

4  3710  15 

6  47 

4  43 

10  19 

6  43 

4  47 

10  33 

6  31 

5    0 

10  39 

15S 

6  54 

4  36ill  15 

6  48 

4  43 

U  19 

6  43 

4  46 

11  23 

6  32 

4  59 

11  35 

16|M 

6  55 

4  35  A.  M. 

6  49 

4  41 

A.  M. 

6  44 

4  45 

A.  M. 

6  33 

4  58 

A.M. 

17|Ta 

6  57 

4  3413  15 

6  50 

4  40 

12    18: 

6  45 

4  44 

13  21 

6  34 

4  57 

12  30 

18W 

6  58 

4  33i  1  15 

i  6  51 

4  40 

1  17| 

6  46 

4  44 

1  19 

6  35 

4  56 

1  35 

19  Th 

6  59 

4  33 

2  16 

i  6  53 

4  39 

2  17 

6  47 

4  43 

3  IS 

6  36 

4  56 

2  20 

30,  Fr 

7    0 

4  33 

3  17 

6  53 

4  38 

3  17 

6  48 

4  43 

3  16 

6  37 

4  55 

3  15 

31  Sa 

7     1 

4  31 

4  20 

6  54 

4  38 

4  19 

6  49 

4  43 

4  17 

6  38 

4  55 

4  13 

33  S 

7     2 

4  30 

5  26 

6  55 

4  37 

5  23 

6  50 

4  41 

5  20 

6  39 

4  55 

5  12 

33M 

7     3 

4  30 

sets. 

6  57 

4  36 

sets. 

6  51 

4  41 

sets. 

6  40 

4  54 

sets. 

34|Tu 

7    4 

4  29 

5  14 

6  59 

4  36 

5  19 

6  52 

4  40 

5  25! 

6  40 

4  54 

5  41 

35 

W 

7    5 

4  39 

6    1 

7    0 

4  35 

6    7 

6  53 

4  40 

6  13 

6  41 

4  54 

6. 31 

36 

Th 

7    6 

4  29 

6  57 

7     1 

4  35 

7    3 

6  54 

4  40 

7     9 

6  41 

4  54 

7  28 

37 

Fr 

7    7 

4  89:  8    0 

7     2 

4  35 

8    7 

6  55 

4  40 

8  13; 

6  43 

4  54 

8  31 

28 

Sa 

7    8 

4  28   9  12 

1  7     3 

4  34 

9  17 

6  56 

4  40 

9  32 

6  42 

4  54 

9  38 

39S 

7    9 

4  38  10  26 

7    3 

4  34 

10  30 

6  53 

4  40  10  33 

6  43 

4  54 

10  46 

SOM 

..  1. 

7    9 

4  38  11  39 

i 

7    4 
i  

4  34 

11  42 

6  59 

4  40  11  45, 

1           1 

6  44 

4  54 

11  53 

SUN    ON 

MERIDIAN. 

Day  of 

Day  ok 

Day  op 

Day  op 

Day  o? 

Month. 

Month. 

Monph. 

Month. 

Month. 

n.       M.       s. 

IT.           M.           S. 

H.           M.           S.l 

H.           M.           S. 

II.           M.          8. 

1 

11  43  41 

7 

11  43  47 

13 

11  44  33 

19 

11  45  30 

35 

11  47    6 

2 

11  43  40 

8 

11  43  51 

14 

11  44  33 

30 

11  45  44 

36 

11  47  25 

3 

11  43  40 

9 

11  43  55 

15 

11  44  42; 

31 

11  45  59 

37 

11  47  45 

4 

11  43  40 

10 

11  44    1 

16 

11-44  52' 

33 

11  46  14 

38 

11  48    5 

5 

11  43  43 

11 

11  44    7 

17 

11  45    4 

33 

11  46  31 

39 

11  48  26 

6 

11  43  44 

13 

11  44  15 

18 

11  45  16 

24 

11  46  48 

30 

11  48  48 

TWILIGHT. 


Places. 

Nov. 

Begins,    A.  m. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

Nov. 

Begins,  a.  m. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

Nov. 

Begins,    A.  M. 

Ends,  P.  M. 

H.        M. 

H.        M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.        M. 

H.      M. 

Boston 

1 

4c  58 

6  39 

11 

5    9 

6  19 

21 

5  20 

6  12 

New  York. 

1 

4  58 

6  39  . 

11 

5    8 

6  30 

21 

5  18 

6  14 

Wash '  ton. 

1 

4  57 

6  30 

11 

5    7 

6  21 

21 

5  16 

6  16 

Chai'Jestoa 

I    . 

4  H 

6  83 

11 

0    a 

6  36 

21 

6  10 

6  laa 

■ 

12th  Month 

DECEMBER, 

11>08. 

31  Days. 

Calendar  for 

Calendar  for 

Calendar  for 

Calendar  for 

• 

Boston, 

N  Kw  YoBK  City, 

Washington, 

Chaki.kston, 

a 

i 

New  England,  N.  Y.  State, 

Connecticut,   Peuiisvlvania, 

Virginia,  Keiitiicky, 

Geor^^ia,  Al;i)iania, 

s 

Michigan,  Wiscousiu, 

Ohio,    Indiana,  Illinois, 

Missouri,  Kansas,  Colorado,! 

I.oiiNlan.'i, Arkansas,  Texta^ 

}^ 

N.  mui  S.  Dakota, 

llowa,  Nebraska,  Wyoming, 

Utah,   Nevada.             j 

New  Mrxico,  Arizona, 

4) 

■5 

O 

Washington,  and  Oregon,  i 

and  Northern  California. 

i 

and  Central   California.     : 

1 

and  Southern  California. 

Sun 

Sun 

Moon 

Sun 

Sun 

Moon 

Sun           Sun 

Moon 

Sun 

Sun         Moon 

o 

c 

Risks. 

Skts. 

R.  A  a. 

Risks. 

Sets. 

R.  A  S. 

Risks.        Skts. 

R.  .t  S. 

Risks. 

Skts.    .   r.  4  a. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.       M. 

H.      M. 

H.       M.         U.       M. 

H.      M. 

H.     M. 

H.       M.        H.       M. 

1 

Tu 

7  10 

4  28 

A.  M. 

7    5 

4  34 

A.  M. 

7    0   4  39 

A.M. 

6  45 

4  54  a.  m. 

2 

W 

7  11 

4  28  12  53 

7     6 

4  34 

12  54 

7    14  39  12  55 

6  46 

4  54  12  59 

3Th 

I  7  12 

4  28 

2    5 

7    7 

4  34 

2    5i 

7    2!  4  39 

2     5 

6  46 

4  54    2    4 

4Fr 

7  18 

4  28 

3  16 

7    8 

4  34 

3  15| 

7    3j  4  89 

3  14 

6  47 

4  54'  3  10 

5Sa 

7  14 

4  28 

4  27 

7    9 

4  38 

4  25i 

7    4   4  38 

4  28 

6  48 

4  54   4  15 

6S 

7  15 

4  28 

5  39 

7  10   4  88 

5  35 

7    5-4  38 

5  31 

6  49 

4  54'  5  20 

7M 

7  16 

4  28  rises. 

7  111  4  38 

rises. 

7    6   4  38 

rises.  : 

6  50 

4  54  rises. 

8 

Tu 

7  17 

4  28 

5  14 

7  12,  4  33 

5  2U 

7    7!  4  38 

5  26 

6  50 

4  54   6  43 

9 

W 

7  18 

4  28 

6     5 

7  13   4  38 

6  U 

7    9 

4  38 

6  17 

6  51 

4  54    6  35 

10 

Th 

7  19 

4  28 

7    1 

i  7  14   4  38 

7    7 

7  10 

4  38 

7  12 

6  52 

4  54!  7  30 

11 

Fr 

7  20   4  28 

8    0 

7  15;  4  33 

8     7 

7  11 

4  38 

8  11 

6  53 

4  55:  8  27 

12Sa 

7  21    4  28    9     2 

7  16    4  33 

9     6 

7  11 

4  38 

9  10 

6  54 

4  55    9  23 

18  S 

7  22   4  28  10    2 

7  17   4  33  10    5 

7  12 

4  38 

10    9 

6  54 

4  55  10  19 

14 

U 

7  28    4  28  11     2 

7  18:  4  3311    5 

7  13 

4  38!ll     7 

6  55 

4  55  11  14 

15 

Tu 

7  24    4  28  A.  M.  1 

7  18   4  34'  A.  M. 

7  13 

4  39 

A.  M.' 

6  56 

4  50'  A.  M. 

16 

W 

7  24   4  28  12    2\ 

7  19    4  34  12    4 

7  14 

4  39|12    5 

6  57 

4  56  12    8 

17 

Th 

7  25    4  29 

1    2 

7  19    4  34 

1    2 

7  14 

4  39 

1     3 

6  57 

4  57!  1    3 

18  Fr 

7  25   4  29 

3    4' 

7  20 

4  34 

2    3' 

7  15 

4  40 

2    2 

6  58 

4  57!  1  59 

19  Sa 

7  26   4  29 

3    7 

1  7  20 

4  34 

3    5| 

7  15 

4  40 

3    2 

6  58 

4  581  2  56 

20S 

7  26   4  29 

4  18 

!  7  20 

4  34 

4  10: 

7  151  4  40 

4    7|  6  59 

4  581  8  5G 

21  M 

7  27    4  29 

5  22 

7  21 

4  34 

5  17; 

7  16 

4  40 

5  18 

7    0 

•4  58   4  59 

22  Tu 

!  7  27'  4  30 

6  31 

7  21 

4  35 

6  261 

7  16 

4  41 

6  20 

7    0 

4  59    6    4 

28  W 

7  27 

4  30 

sets.  ; 

7  22 

4  85 

sets.  1 

7  17 

4  42|  sets. ! 

7    0 

5    0,  sets. 

24  Th 

7  28 

4  81 

5  47 

7  22'  4  36 

5  63! 

7  17 

4  43!  6  59' 

7    0 

6     11  6  17 

25  Fr 

'  7  28   4  31 

6  56 

,  7  22 

4  36 

7    2 

7  17   4  44 

7    7: 

7    1 

5    2'  7  24 

26  Sa 

1  7  28   4  32 

8  u; 

7  28 

4  37 

8  18, 

7  18|  4  45 

8  22 

7    1; 

5    2   8  35 

27S 

7  29 

4  32 

9  29 

7  23 

4  38 

9  32 

7  18   4  45 

9  35 

7    1 

5     3   9  41 

28  M 

7  29 

4  88  10  44 

7  23 

4  39 

10  45 

7  181  4  46 

10  47 

7    2 

5    3  10  52 

29  Tu 

7  29 

4  34  U  56 

7  23 

4  40 

11  56! 

7  18   4  46 

11  57 

7    2; 

5    4  11  58 

SOW 

1  7  30 

4  35  A.  -M. 

7  24 

4  41 

A.  M.  ' 

7  19   4  47 

A.  M.  1 

7    2 

5    41a.m. 

31  Th 

•  7  31 

4  36    1     7 

7  24   4  42 

1     6 

7  19   4  48!  1    5  i  7    3'  5    5'i  1     2 

SUN    ON 

MERIDIAN. 

Day  of 

Pay  op 

Day  of 

Day  OF 

Day  of 

Month. 

!    M'jsrn. 

Month. 

H.          M.            S. 

INIoNTH, 

Mo.MH. 

11.            M.            S. 

H.           M.           s. 

H.           M.           S. 

H.         M.           9. 

1 

U  49  10 

8 

U  52    2 

14 

1 1  54  48 

20 

U  57  45 

2(i 

12    0  45 

2 

11  49  33 

9 

11  52  29 

15 

LI  55  17 

21 

11  58  15 

27 

12     1  14 

3 

11  49  56 

i     ^0 

11  52  56 

16 

1 1  55  4() 

00 

U  58  45 

28 

12     1  44 

4 

U  50  20: 

1     11 

11  53  28 

17 

11  56  15 

23 

11  59  15 

29 

12    2    3 

5 

11  50  45 

!     12 

11  58  51 

18 

11  56  45 

24 

11  59  45 

30 

12    2  42 

6 

11  51  10 

13 

11  54  19 

19 

11  57  15 

25 

12    0  15 

31 

13    3  11 

7 

11  51  36 

TWILIGHT. 


Places. 

1    Dec. 

Begins,  a.  m. 

Ends,  p.  .M. 

1    Dec. 

1 

Begins,  a.  m. 

Ends, p.  M. 

Dec. 

Begins,  a.  m. 

Ends,  p.  M. 

R.        M. 

H.         M. 

H.        M. 

H.         M. 

H.        M. 

H.        M. 

Boston 

1 

5  29 

6    9 

11 

5  38 

6    9 

21 

5  45 

6  12 

New  York. 

1 

5  27 

6  11 

11 

5  36 

6  11 

21 

5  42 

6  14 

Wash'  ton.. 

1 

5  25 

6  18 

11 

5  38 

6  14 

21 

5  40 

6  17 

Charleston. 

1 

5  17    1 

6  20 

11 

5  25 

6  22 

21 

5  31 

6  36 

Our  Moon. 


m 


jarfncipal  iSlcmcnts  of  tijc  ^olar  ^nstcm. 


Name. 

Mean 

Distance 

fromSun, 

Millions  of 

Miles. 

Sidereal 

Period, 

Days. 

Orbit 

Velocity. 

Miles  per 

Second. 

Mean 

Diameter, 

Miles. 

Mass, 
Earth  =1. 

Volume, 
Earth  =1. 

Density, 
Earth  =1. 

Gravity 
at  Sur- 
face, 
Earth  -1. 

Sun_ ^ 

Mercury 

Venus 

""'36.0 

67.2 

92.8 

141.5 

483. 3 

886.0 

1781.9 

2791.6 

87.969 
224.  701 
365. 256 
6a6. 95 
4332. 58 
10759.  22 
30686.  82 
60181.11 

23  to  35 

21.9 

18.5 

15.0 

8.1 

6.0 

4.2 

3.4 

866.400 

3,030 

7,700 

7,918 

4.230 

86,500 

71,000 

31.900 

34.800 

331100 
0. 125 
0.78 
1.00 
0.107 
316.0 

94.9 

14.7 

17.1 

1310000 
0.056 
0.92 
1.00 
0.152 
1309 
721 
65 
85 

0.25 
2.23 
0.86 
1.00 
0.72 
0.24 
0.13 
0.22 
0.20 

27.65 
0.86 
0.83 

^iarth  — 

Mars 

Jupiter- 

Satuni 

1.00 
0.38 
2.65 
1.18 

Uranus 

Neptune 

0.91 
0.88 

The  number  of  asteroids  discovered  up  to  present  date  is  about  465.  A  number  of  tliese  small 
planets  have  not  been  observed  since  their  discovery,  and  are  practically  lost.  Consequently  it 
IS  now  sometimes  a  matter  of  doubt,  until  the  elements  have  been  computed,  whether  the  supposed 
new  planet  is  really  new,  or  only  am  old  one  rediscovered. 

<B\ix  ploon. 

Of  all  the  secondary  planets  the  earth's  satellite  is  by  far  the  most  interesting  and  important. 
The  moon  completes  her  circuit  around  the  earth  in  a  period  whose  mean  or  average  length  is  27 


tiouless  in  space  the  moon's  orbit  would  be  nearly  an  ellipse,  having  the  earth  in  one  of  the  foci; 
hence  her  distance  from  the  earth  varies  during  the  course  of  a  lunar  month.  Her  mean  distance 
from  the  earth  is  238, 850  miles.  Iler  ma.vimum  distance,  however,  may  reach  262,830  miles,  and 
the  least  distance  to  which  she  can  approach  the  earth  is  221.520  miles.  Her  diameter  is  2. 162 
miles,  and  if  we  deduct  from  her  distance  from  the  earth  the  sum  of  the  two  radii  of  the  earth  and 
moon,  viz.,  3,962  and  1,081  miles  respectively,  we  shall  have  for  the  nearest  approach  of  the  sur- 
faces of  the  two  bodies  216, 477  miles.  Her  orbit  is  a  very  intricate  one,  because  the  earth  in  moving 
around  the  sun  carries  the  moon  along  with  it;  hence  the  latter  is  sometimes  within  and  sometimes 
without  the  earth's  orbit.  Its  form  is  that  of  a  serpentine  curve,  always  cr»icave  toward  the  sun, 
and  inclined  to  the  plane  of  the  earth's  orbit  at  an  angle  of  5°  9'.  in  consequence  of  which  our  satel- 
lite appears  sometimes  above  and  sometimes  below  the  plane  of  the  earth's  orbit,  through  which 
she  passes  twice  in  a  revolution.  These  points  or  positions  are  called  nodes,  and  no  two  consecutive 
nodes  occupy  positions  diametrically  opposite  on  the  lunar  orbit.  The  nodes  have  a  retrograde 
motion,  which  causes  them  to  make  an  entire  revolution  in  18  years  218  days  21  hours  22  minutes 
and  46  seconds.  This  motion  was  well  known  to  the  ancients,  who  called  it  the  Saros,  and  was 
made  use  of  by  them  in  roughly  predicting  eclipses. 

The  moon  always  presents  the  same  face  to  us,  as  is  evident  from  the  permanency  of  the  various 
markings  on  its  surface.  This  circumstance  proves  that  with  respect  to  the  earth  she  revolves  on  an 
axis,  and  the  time  of  rotation  is  exactly  equal  to  the  time  of  revolution  around  the  earth,  viz., 
27.32166  days.  The  moon's  axis  is  not  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  her  orbit,  but  deviates  there- 
from by  an  angle  of  about  6o  41'.  In  consequence  of  this  fact,  and  of  the  inclination  of  the  lunar 
orbit  to  that  of  the  ecliptic,  the  poles  of  the  moon  lean  alternately  to  and  from  the  earth.  When 
the  north  pole  leans  toward  the  earth  we  see  .somewhat  more  of  the  region  surrounding  It,  and 
somewhat  less  when  it  leans  the  contrari'  way.  This  displacement  is  known  by  the  name  of  llbra- 
tion  in  latitude. 

The  moon's  motion  on  her  axis  is  uniform,  but  her  angular  velocity  in  her  orbit  Is  subject  to 
slight  variations  by  reason  of  the  form  of  her  orbit;  hence  it  happens  that  we  sometimes  see  a  little 
more  of  the  eastern  or  western  edge  at  one  time  than  at  another.  This  phenomenon  is  known  as 
libratlon  in  longitude. 

The  moon's  surface  contains  about  14,685,000  square  miles,  or  nearly  four  times  the  area  of 
Knrope,  Her  volume  is  1-49  and  her  mass  1-81  that  of  the  earth,  and  hence  her  density  is  about 
3-6  that  of  the  earth,  or  about  3  2-5  that  of  water.  At  the  lunar  surface  gravity  is  only  3-20  of  what 
it  is  at  the  earth,  and  therefore  a  body  which  weighs  20  pounds  here  would  weigh  only  3  pounds  there. 

The  centre  of  gravity  of  the  earth  and  moon,  or  the  point  about  which  they  both  actually  revolve 
in  their  course  around  the  sun,  lies  ivit/ii)i  the  earth;  it  is  1,063  miles  below  the  surface. 

The  attractive  force  of  the  moon  acting  on  the  water  of  our  oceans  is  mainly  instrumental  in 
raising  them  into  protuberances  or  tides  in  such  amamier  as  to  give  the  total  mass  a  spheroidal  figure 
whose  principal  axis  would  continually  coincide  with  the  line  joining  the  centres  of  the  earth  and 
moon,  but  in  consequence  of  the  resist'ance  whicli  this  movement  of  the  water  encountei-s  from  con- 
tinents and  islands,  a.s  well  as  from  the  liquid  molecules  themselves,  the  tidal  wave  can  never  arrive 
at  any  plaee  until  about  one  hour  after  the  moon  has  crossed  the  meridian  of  the  place-. 

The  moon  has  no  atmosphere  and  no  water.  The  suddenness  with  which  stars  are  occulted  by 
the  moon  is  regarded  as  a  conclusive  proof  that  a  lunar  atmosphere  does  not  exist,  and  the  spectro- 
scope furnishes  negative  evidence  of  the  same  character. 

In  remote  ages  the  lunar  surface  was  the  theatre  of  violent  volcanic  action,  being  elevated  Into 
cones  and  ridges  exceeding  20,000  feet  high,  and  at  other  places  rent  into  furrows  or  depre.ssions  of 
corresponding  depth.  The  lunar  volcanoes  are  now  extinct.  A  profound  silence  reigns  over  the 
desolate  and  rugged  surface.     It  is  a  dead  world,  utterly  unfit  to  support  animal  or  vegetable  life. 


THTJ  EARTH'S  ATMOSPHERE. 

The  earth's  sen.sible  atmosphere  is  generally  supposed  to  extend  some  forty  miles  In  height,  prob- 
ably farther,  but  becoming  at  only  a  few  miles  from  the  surface  of  too  great  a  tenuity  to  support  life. 
The  condition  and  motions  of  this  aerial  o<'ean  play  a  most  important  part  in  the  determination  of 
climate,  modifying,  by  absorbing,  the  otherwise  intense  heat  of  the  sun,  and,  when  laden  with 
elotids,  hindering  the  earth  from  radiating  its  acquired  heat  into  .space.  —  ^Vhifaker. 


128 


The  Moon's  JPhases,  1908. 


Cifte  JHoou's  IJijascs,  1908. 


Phase. 

3 
10 

18 
•26 

2 

8 

17 

24 

Boston. 

New  York. 

Washington. 

Charleston. 

Chicago. 

1  January. 

!^ew  Moon, 
h'irst  Quarter. 
Full  Moou. 
Last  Quarter. 

H.    M. 
4  59  P.  M. 

9      9    A.M. 

8  53  A.  M. 

10  17    A.M. 

H.     M. 

4  47  P.M. 
8  57  A.  M. 

8  41    A.  M. 
10      5    A.M. 

H.     M. 

4  35  P.M. 
8  45  A.M. 

8  29  A.  M. 

9  53  A.  M. 

H.     M. 

4  24  P.M. 
8  34  A.  M. 

8  18    A.M. 

9  42  A.  M. 

H.     M. 

3  53  P.M. 

8  3   A.M. 
7  47  A.M. 

9  11    A.  M. 

^Tew  Moou. 
bMrst  Quarter. 
Full  Moon. 
Last  Quarter. 

3  52  A.  M. 
11  43   P.M. 

4  21    A.  M. 

10  40  p.  M. 

3  40  A.M. 

11  31    P.  M. 

4  9    A.M. 

10  28  p.  M. 

3  28  A.  M. 

11   19    P.M. 

3  57  A.  M. 
10  16  p.  M. 

3  17    A.M. 
11       8    P.M. 

3  46  A.  M. 
10    5  P.M. 

2  46  A.  M. 
10  37  P.  M. 

3  15    A.  M. 

9  34  p.  M. 

New  Moon. 
Fii-si  Quarter. 
Full  Moon. 
Last  Quarter. 
New  Moon. 

2 

9 

17 

•25 

31 

2  13  P.  M. 
4  68  P.  M. 
9  44  P.  M. 

7  47  A.M. 

2      1    P.M. 

4  46  p.  M . 
9  32  p.  M. 
7  35  A.M. 

1  49  p.  M. 
4  34  p.  M. 
9  20  p.  M. 
7  23  A.  M. 
11  54  p.  M. 

1  38  P.M. 
4  23  P.  M. 
9     9  P.M. 

7   12    A.M. 

11  43  P.M. 

I      7   P.M. 
3  52  p.  M. 
8  38  P.M. 

6  41    A.  M. 
1112   P.M. 

, 

New  Moon. 
First  Quarter. 
Full  Moon. 
Last  Quarter. 
New  Moon. 

1 

8 
16 
23 
30 

8 
15 
22 
29 

7 
14 
21 

28 

12  18   A.M. 

11  47    A.M. 

12  11    A.M. 

2  22  P.M. 
10  49  A.M. 

12      6    A.M. 
11  35    A.  M. 
11  59    A.  M. 

2  10  P.M. 
10  37  A.  M. 

11  23    A.M. 
11  47    A.  M. 

1  68  P.  M. 
10  26  A.  M. 

11    12    A.M. 
11   36    A.M. 

1  47  P.M. 

10  14    A.M. 

10  41    A.M. 

11  5    A.M. 
1  16    P.M. 

9  43  A.M. 

^ 
S 

First  Quarter. 
Full  Moon. 
Last  Quarter. 
New  Moou. 

6  39  A.M. 
11  48  p.  M. 

7  33  P.  M. 
10  30  P.M. 

6  27  A.M. 
11  36  P.M. 

7  21  p.  M. 
10  18  p.  M. 

6  16    A.M. 

11  24  p.  M. 

7  9  P.M. 
10    6  P.M. 

6       4    A.M. 
11   13    P.M. 

6  58  P.M. 
9  55  P.M. 

6  33  A.  M. 

10  42  P.M. 

6  27  P.  M. 

9  24  P.  M. 

43 

O 

First  Quarter. 
Full  Moon. 
Last  Quarter. 
New  Moon. 

12  12    A.  M. 
9  11    A.M. 

12  42  A.M. 

11  47    A.  M. 

12      0    A.M. 

8  59  A.  M. 
12  30  A.  M. 

11  35    A.  M. 

6dll  48  P.M. 
8  47  A.M. 

12  18   A.M. 
11  23   A.M. 

6dll  37  P.M. 
8  36  A.M. 

12      7    A.M. 
11    12    A.M. 

6dn    6  P.M. 

8      5    A.M. 

20dll  36  P.M. 

10  41    A.M. 

• 

3 

First  Quarter. 
Full  Motju. 
Last  Quarter. 
New  Moon. 

6 
13 
20 

28 

3  41  P.M. 
5    4  p.  M. 

7  17    A.  M. 

2  32  A.  M. 

3  39  P.Tvi. 

4  52  p.  M. 

7      5    A.M. 

2  20  A.M. 

3  17  P.M. 

4  40  p.  M. 
6  63  A.M. 

2     8    A.M. 

3  6  p.  M. 

4  29  P.  M. 
6  42  A.  M. 

1  57    A.  M. 

2  35  P.  M. 

3  68  p.  M. 

6  11    A.  M. 
1   26   A.M. 

D 

bo 

D 

<<5 

Fii-st  Quarter. 
Full  Moon. 
Last  Quarter. 
New  Moou. 

5 
12 

18 
26 

4  56  A.M. 

12  14    A.  M. 

4  41   p.  M. 
6  15  P.  M. 

4  44  A.M. 

12      2    A.M. 

4  29   P.  M. 
6     3  P.M. 

4  32  A.  M. 
lid  11  61  p.  M. 

4  17  P.  M. 

5  51  P.  M. 

4  21    A.M. 

lid  11  40  P.M. 

4  6  P.M. 

5  40  P.M. 

3  60  A.  M. 

lid  11     9  P.M. 

3  35  p.  M. 

6    9  P.M. 

fci" 

a 

0! 

a 

First  Quarter 
Full  Moon. 
Last  Quarter. 
New  Moou, 

3 

10 
17 
26 

3 

9 

16 

25 

1 

8 

15 

23 

30 

7 
15 
23 
30 

4  7  P.  M. 
7  39  A.  M. 

5  49  A.  M. 

10  16    A.  M. 

3  65  p.  M. 
7  27  A.  M. 
6  37  A.  M. 

10      3    A.M. 

3  43  p.  M. 

7  15    A.M. 

5  25  A.M. 

9  51  A.  M. 

3  32  p.  M. 

7    4  a.  m. 

5  14    A.  M. 

9  40  A.  M. 

3  1    P.M. 

6  33  A.  M. 

4  42  A.M. 

9      9   A.M. 

O 

First  Quarter. 
Full  Moou. 
Last  Quarter. 
New  Moon. 

1  29    A.M. 

4  19  P.M. 
10  61  P.  M. 

2  2    A.M. 

1   17    A.M. 

4     7  p.  M . 
10  39  P.M. 

1   50    A.  M. 

1      5    A.  M. 

3  55  p.  -M. 
10  27   P.  M. 

1  38   A.M. 

12  64  A.  M. 

3  44   P.M. 

10  16  P.M. 

1  27    A.  M. 

12  23  A.M. 

3  13  P.M. 

9  45  p.  M. 
12  56  A.M. 

a 

> 

o 

First  Quarter. 
Full  Moou. 
I^ast  Quarter. 
New  Moon. 
First  Quarter. 

9  32  A.M. 

3  14    A.  M. 

6  57  P.  M. 
5     9  P.M. 
5     0  P.  M. 

9  20  A.  M. 

3  2    A.M. 

6  45  p.  M. 

4  57   P.  M. 

4  48   )-.  M. 

9      8    A.M. 

2  50  A.  M. 
6  33  p.  M. 
4  45  P.  M. 
4  36  P.  M. 

8  57  A.M 
2  39  A.  M. 
6  22  p.  M. 
4  34  p.  M. 
4  25  p.  M. 

8  26  A.M. 

2  8    A.M. 

5  61  P.  M. 
4     3  P.  M. 

3  64  p.  M. 

Si 

O 

Full  Moon. 
Last  Quarter. 
New  Moou. 
First  Quarter. 

5     0  P.  M. 

4  28  p.  M. 

7     6  a.  m. 

12  56  A.M. 

4  48  P.  xr. 

4  16   p.  M. 

6  53  A.  M. 

12  44  A.  M. 

4  36  p.  M. 
4     4    P.M. 

6  41    A.M. 

12  32  A.  U. 

4  25   p.  M. 
3  53  p.  M. 
6  30  A.  M. 

12  21    A.  M. 

3  54  P.  M. 

3  22  p.  M. 

6  69  A.  M. 

29dll  60  P.M. 

Moonlight  Charts  1908. 


129 


i[«loonlifi!jt  Otijatt,  1908, 


a 
o 


a 


OS 

s 


1 

'^ 

.5 

A 

eft 

g 

<'i 

1^ 

i 


i 

3 


I 

a 

50 


;4 

o 


o 

a 

> 
o 


a 

u 

C 


Explanation.  —The  white  spaces  show  the  amount  of  moonlight  each  night.  January  3.  Feb- 
ruar.v2.  ere,  the  time  of  new  moon,  when  there  is  no  moonlight  during-  the  whole  nltjht :  .Tamiary 
11,  February  10,  etc.,  the  moon  sets  at  or  near  midnight,  when  the  former  half  of  the  night  has 
moonlight;  January  18,  February  17.  etc..  the  time  of  full  moon,  when  moonlight  lasts  the  whole 
night:  January  26,  February  '25,  etc. ,  when  the  moon  rises  at  or  near  midnight,  and  the  latter 
half  of  the  night  has  moonlight. 


130 


Astronomical  Phenomena  for  the   Year  1908. 


Astronomical  JltjcuomnTa  for  tijc  ¥ear  1908. 


ASTRONOMICAL  SIGNS  AND  SYMBOLS. 


The  Sun. 
The  Moon. 
Mercury. 
Venus. 
The  Earth. 


Conjunction. 
Quadrature. 
Opposition. 
Ascending  Node. 
Descending  Node. 


cf  Mars.  5 

%  Jupiter.  n 

I2  Saturn.  § 

1^  Uranus.  Q, 

tj;  Neptune,  Xj 

Two  lieavenly  bodies  are  in  ' '  conjunction  "  ( c5  )  when  they  have  the  same  Right  Ascension, 
or  are  ou  tlie  sa/Hc  meridian,  i.  e. ,  when  one  is  due  north  or  soitthoi  the  other:  if  the  bodies  are 
near  eacli  other  as  seen  from  the  earth,  they  will  rise  and  set  at  the  same  time;  thev  are  in 
"opposition"  (§)  when  in  opposite  quarters  of  the  heavens,  or  when  one  rises  just  as  the 
other  is  setting.  "Quadrature"  {n^  is  halfway  between  conjunction  and  opiDosition.  By 
"greatest  elongation"  is  meant  the  greatest  apparent  angular  distance  from  the  sun:  the 
planet  is  then  generally  most  favorably  situated  for  observation.  Mercurv  can  only  be  seen 
with  the  naked  eye  at  this  time.  When  a  planet  is  in  its  "ascending"  (Q)'or  "descending" 
(y)  node  it  is  crossing  the  plane  of  the  earth' s  orbit.  The  term  "Perihelion"  means  nearest, 
and  '  'Aphelion " '  farthest,  from  the  sun.  An  ' '  occultation  "  of  a  planet  or  star  is  an  eclipse  of 
it  by  some  other  body,  usually  the  moon. 

I.— ECLIPSES. 

In  the  year  1908  there  will  ^e  three  eclipses,  all  of  the  snn,  and  a  hinar  appulse. 

1.    A  total  eclipse  of  tlie  sun  Jaiuiary  3,  visible  as  a  partial  one  in  certain  portions  of  the  Southern 


Milledgeville,  Ga. ,  and  Jacksonville,  Fla.  Along  the  formerlnie  the  limbs  of  the  sun  and  moon  will 
be  simply  in  apparent  contact,  and  along  the  latter  the  eclipse  will  begin  at  or  very  near  sunset. 

All  places  south  of  these  lines  will  expprience  a  small  partial  eclipse.  The  path  of  the  total  eclipse 
les  wholly  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  At- Dallas,  Tex. ,  the  eclipse  will  begin  at4  hours  5.7  miinites  p.  m.  , 
and  at  New  Orleans  the  eclipse  will  begin  at  4  hours  30.  2  minutes  p.  m.,  local  meayi  time,  the  sua 
setting  with  the  eclipse  on  it  at  both  plaoes. 

2.  An  ainiular  eclipse  of  the  sun  June  28,  visible  in  the  United  States,  Canada.  Mexico,  Central 
America.and  the  northern  portion  of  South  America.  The  path  of  the  annular  eclipse  passes  over  or 
very  near  Mexico  City,  Tampa,  Fla. ,  and  the  Bermuda  islands;  it  then  cros.ses  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
and  terminates  in  latitude  10°  N.  and  longitude  1°  8'  \f.  in  western  Africa. 

The  duration  of  the  entire  eclipse  is  6  hours  1.$  minutes,  and  of  the  annular  eclipse  3  hours 
50  minutes,  during  which  latter  period  it  traverses  128o  48'.  8  of  lor.gitude. 

The  dates  of  beginning  and  ending  of  the  eclipse  for  important  places  in  the  United  States  are 
given  in  local  mean  time  in  the  following  table: 

Places. 


Boston 

New  York. 
Wa-shington. 
Charleston.  . 
Tampa 


Cincinnati 1 

Shelbyville,  Iiid. . 

Chicago 

New  Orleans 

Northfield,  Minn. 

Dallas.  Tex 

Denver 

Ogden 

San  Francisco. . .. 


Eclipse  Begins. 

Eclipse  Ends. 

Position  Angle. 

I).     H.      M. 

H.     M. 

0 

June  28, 10    8.7  a.m. 

1  14.5  P.M. 

241.2 

9  38.0  a.m. 

12  59.1  p.  M. 

242.8 

9  27.4  a.m. 

12  41.2  p.  M. 

243.8 

8  59.9  a.m. 

12  25.4  p.  M. 

250.8 

8  38.7  a.m. 

12  14.6  p.  M. 

256.9 

Annulus begins  10  13.2  a.m. 

ends  10  14.4  a.  m. 

June  28,    8  50.1  a.m. 

11  52.3  a.  m. 

238.9 

8  44.3  a.m. 

11  43.3  A   m. 

237.6 

8  41.5  a.m. 

11  29.7  A.  m. 

23>.5 

8    3.0  a.m. 

11  13.3  A.M. 

247.8 

8  23.9  a  m. 

10  52.8  A.  M. 

225.7 

■     •'          7  37.4  A.  M. 

10  28.2  A.  M. 

239.1 

*'          7  21.9  A  M. 

9  38.8  A.  M. 

224.2 

"          6  58.7  A  M. 

8  56.0  A.  M. 

216.8 

'♦          6  12.7  A   M. 

7  55.5  A.  M. 

213.8 

The  position  angle  at  beginning,  given  in  the  above  table,  is  estimated  from  the  north  point  of  the 
sun's  limb  toward  the  east. 

3.  A  central  eclipse  of  the  sun  December 83,  invisible  in  North  America.  This  eclipse  will  be 
annular  fit  the  beginning  and  end,  and  total  in  the  middle. 

The  path  of  the  central  eclip.se  cro-sses  the  southern  part  of  South  America,  the  South  Atlantic, 
South  Africa,  and  the  southern  portion  of  the  Indian  Ocean. 

4.  A  lunar  appulse  December  7. 

The  nearest  approa  h  of  the  moon  to  the  earth's  shadow  will  occur  December?,  4  hours  59 
minutes  P.M.  New  York  jnea?i fime,  and  the  computed  least  distance  of  the  moon's  limb  from  the 
shadow  is  onlv  12". 

The  moon  in  such  cases  is  only  Immersed  in  the  earth's  penumbra. 

II.— PLANETARY  CONFIGURATIONS,  1908. 


Jan. 


D. 

H.    M. 

2 

5     0  P.  M. 

0           in  perihelion. 

3 

5  37  a.m. 

4  5  (S 

5 

3  1'2  P.M. 

6  9  C.  9  N.  4of. 

8 

8   12  A.  M. 

6  h  C'  ^  N.  2057'. 

8 

5           P.M. 

5  cT  ^ 

(  Washington  Mean  Time.  ) 

D.    H.   M. 


Jan.  14 

6          A.  M. 

(5  $  0  superior. 

19 

9  48  A.  M. 

6'^4€,  %  S.  lo33f. 

27 

8           A.M. 

cf  ill  Q 

29 

4           P.M. 

S  ^0 

Feb.    3 

1  19  a.m. 

6  5  C 

Periodic  Comets. 


131 


II.  —PLANETARY  CONFIGURATLONS— Con/mwed. 


•    D.     H.    M. 

D.    H.    M. 

Feb.    4  11        A.M. 

c5  9C 

July  23  11         A.M. 

h          stationary. 

4     9  54  p.  M. 

6h^ 

25     2  50  p.  M. 

6  9  € 

6  12  13  P.M. 

6  d€ 

25     5         P.  M. 

§            gr.elong:.W.1951'. 

10     3         P.M. 

6  $  h,  9N.10  18'. 

26     6  27  A.  M. 

(5  5  C  " 

13      9           A.  M. 

§           gr.  eloug.  £.  180  9r. 

27     1         P.M. 

9            stationary. 

15     9     9  a.m. 

6%€ 

28     6     4  p.  M. 

6  d€ 

19      7           A.  M. 

§          stationary. 

29     7  33  A.  M. 

6  ^C 

27     8        P.  M. 

9  inQ 

Aug.    8     5        A.  M. 

5           in  perihelion. 

28  11         P.M. 

c5  §  O  inferior. 

11      7           P.M. 

9           greate.st  brilliancy. 

Mar.    2     1  22  a.  m. 

6  §C 

13     9        p.  M. 

c5  (f  ^,  ^S.  24. 

3     2     1  P.M. 

6h^ 

15     6  44  A.  M. 

6h€ 

5     8  21  a.m. 

6  9  C       . 

17     3        P.M. 

6  -^O 

6     9  43  a.m. 

6  cTC 

19      1           A.M. 

6  5^ 

12     7        a.  m. 

a          stationary. 

20     7  22  a.m. 

c5  0  0  superior. 

13  10  58  a.m. 

6%€ 

20    3        p.  M. 

6   5  cT,  cTS.  40'. 

2112           A.M. 

6hQ 

22      1           A.  M. 

6  cfQ 

27    5        A.M. 

$           gr.  elong.W.27o49'. 

22     4  45  p.  M. 

6  9  C 

29     6        A.M. 

S           ill  aphelion. 

26     1  25  A.  M. 

6^\^ 

29     9  16  P.M. 

c5  §C        . 

26  11  57  a.m. 

6  d^ 

30     9        A.  M. 

ll           stationary. 

27     5  30  A.  M. 

6  $  C 

3L     5  56  a.m. 

6h^ 

Sept.   4  12       A.M. 

d          in  aphelion. 

Apr.     1     7        A.M. 

9          in  perihelion. 

11    2  37  p.m. 

(5  »^C 

4     8  15  a.m. 

(5  9  C 

14     4        p.  M. 

9           gr.elong.W.460  2'. 

4     8  20  A.  M. 

6  cf  dL 

21     2     6  a.  m. 

c5  9C 

4  10           A.M. 

c3  9  cf.  d'S.10  37'. 

22     7  11p.m. 

4  ^/s: 

9     5  46  P.  M. 

6  ^4S 

24     6  13  A.M. 

6  d% 

14     4        P.M. 

6  $  h,h^'  28^ 

27     8  35  A.  M. 

6  OC 

25  12        A.  M. 

n%Q 

30     2        A.  M. 

8hO 

26     2         P.  M. 

9         gr.elong.E.450.37'. 

Oct.     4     5        p.  M. 

§         gr.elong.E.25034'. 

27     7  42  p.  M. 

6h^ 

8  10         P.  M. 

6h^ 

29     3     6  P.  M. 

6  5  ^ 

9      1           P.  M. 

9  in  Q 

May     3     6  44  a.m. 

6d€ 

18   11           P.M. 

6  9  1/,  1/  N.  36'. 

4     4  51  A.M. 

69  € 

17      2          A.M. 

§           stationary. 

7     5  34  A.  M. 

6  ^4C 

20  12  32  P.M. 

Q    11  (^ 

7      1           P.M. 

c5  §  ©superior. 

21     2  36  A.  M. 

6  9  S 

25     6  39  A.  M. 

6  ^^C 

23     140  a.m. 

6  cf  C 

29     5         P.  M. 

9           greatest  brilliancy. 

25  11  30  a.m. 

c^  5  C.   ,    . 

31     8  44  P.M. 

6  5  C 

28  11        a.m. 

6  ^  Q  inferior. 

June   1     3  58  A.  m. 

6  d^,  d  N.  59'. 

Nov.    4     4         A.M. 

$           in  perihelion. 

2     5  35  A.  M. 

d  9  S 

5     4     2a.  m. 

6h^       . 

3     8  48  P.  M. 

6  4€ 

6      3           A.  M. 

§           stationary. 

7  11         A.M. 

5   §  cf ,  cf  S.  19'. 

12      6           A.M. 

9           ill  perihelion. 

7    8        P.  M. 

§            gr.  eloiig.E.240. 

13     2        P.M. 

§           gr.  eloug.  W.19l91f 

13     4        P.M. 

9            stationary. 

17    4  34  A.  M. 

6'UC 

17      8           A.M. 

c5  §  cf 

20  10  34  a.m. 

c5  9  C 

18      9           A.M. 

9  intj 

20  10  40  P.  M. 

6  d€ 

21       4          A.M. 

8           stationary. 

22     6     8  a.  m. 

6  5$ 

21     3  22  p.m. 

6h€ 

30     6         P.  M. 

6  9  f^,  cf  S.  10  17'. 

22     3        P.  M. 

6  9  cT  (^^20 5'. 

Dec.     2     9     8a.  m. 

6h  € 

29     4  26  A.  M. 

6  5  C 

5     9        p.  M. 

nXQ 

29     8  18  a.m. 

(5  9  C 

7    4        p.  M. 

h          stationary. 

29  11  .S9  P.M. 

6  'f  € 

14     5  39  p.  M. 

d-n^. 

July    1     1  50  p.  M. 

6  -4  E 

18      4           A.M. 

6           in  aphelion. 

110           P.M. 

uhQ 

19    8  48  P.M. 

6  d^ 

2     2         P.  M. 

0          in  aphelion. 

20     7  29  p.  M. 

c5  9  C 

4     5         P.  M. 

(5  5  0  inferior. 

23     5  56  A.  M. 

c5  §  C 

5  10         P.  M. 

590  interior. 

23  11         P.M. 

c5  0  0  superior. 

15      9           A.M. 

6  $  9,  9  S.  10  12'. 

25     3         P.M. 

UhO 

15     5         P.M. 

§          stationary. 

29    3     6  p.  M. 

6  hff 

18  11     3  p.m. 

c^  ^i  C  . 

31      1          A.  M. 

%          stationary. 

22     7         P.  M. 

9           in  aphelion. 

Periotric  (ttsmttu. 


Name. 

Perihelion 
Passage. 

Period 
(Y'ears). 

Perihel. 

Dist. 

Earth's 

Orbit=^l. 

Eccen- 
tricity. 

1 

NaM£. 

Periheliou 
Passage. 

Period 

(Years). 

Perihel. 

Diat. 

Earth's 

Orbit=l. 

Eccen- 
tricity. 

'En  eke. 

1885,  .Mar      7 
188;,  Nov.  20 
1890,  Feb. 

1886,  Mav     9 
1879,  ]Mar.30 

ISftfi     SAnt       A 

3.3 
5.2 
5.4 
5.5 
5.5 
5.8 
6.5 

0.34 
1.34 

1.28 
l.(»7 
0.59 
0.88 
2.07 

0.846 
0.553 
0.582 
0.  656 
0.810 
0.727 
0.405 

Riela 

1882,  Sept.  23 

1884,  .Tail.    13 
1881,  .7 an.  22 

1885,  Sept.  11 
18S4,  Jan,  25 
1887,  Oct.      8 
1835,  Nov.  16 

6  6 
6.7 

7  6 
13  8 

0.86 
1.33 
1.74 
1    02 

0.755 

Tempel 

Barnard 

D' Arrest 

Fave  

0.  626 
0  .^49 

Temi>el-Switt 

Brorsen 

Winneckf 

Tiittle 

0.821 

Pons- Brooks. 
Gibers 

71  6       0.77 

72  6        1.  20 
76.4       0.59 

0.955 
0  931 

Tempelv. 11885,  Sept,  25 

HaUey. 

10.967 

132 


Pole    Star. 


K\)t  <Stm*s  declination. 


WASHINtiTOX 

APPARENT   NOON. 

1908. 

lanuary. 

FeluHiary. 

Ma 

fCh. 

Ap 

ril. 

Ma.v. 

June. 

o 

f 

It 

o 

; 

tl 

o 

/ 

1  t 

o      / 

II 

o 

1 

ff 

o 

1 

n 

1 

23 

4 

49     S. 

17 

20 

54     S. 

7 

32 

28    S. 

4    34 

46   N. 

15 

6 

12   N. 

22 

4 

13  N. 

2 

23 

0 

2 

17 

3 

56 

7 

9 

36 

4    57 

52 

15 

24 

13 

22 

12 

9 

3 

22 

54 

47 

16 

46 

40 

6 

46 

38 

5    20 

53 

15 

41 

58 

22 

19 

43 

4 

22 

49 

5 

16 

29 

6 

6 

23 

34 

5    43 

48 

15 

59 

28 

22 

26 

53 

5 

22 

42 

56 

16 

11 

15 

6 

0 

26 

6      6 

37 

16 

16 

42 

22 

33 

39 

6 

22 

36 

21) 

15 

53 

7 

5 

37 

12 

6    29 

19 

16 

33 

39 

22 

40 

2 

7 

22 

29 

17 

15 

34 

43 

5 

13 

54 

6    51 

55 

16 

50 

20 

22 

46 

0 

8 

22 

21 

47 

15 

16 

3 

4 

50 

31 

7    14 

24 

17 

6 

44 

22 

51 

35 

9 

22 

13 

51 

14 

57 

8 

4 

27 

o 

7    36 

45 

17 

22 

51 

22 

56 

46 

10 

22 

5 

28 

14 

37 

57 

4 

3 

36 

7    58 

59 

17 

38 

41 

23 

1 

32 

n 

21 

56 

40 

14 

18 

32 

3 

40 

4 

8    21 

4 

17 

54 

12 

23 

5 

54 

12 

21 

47 

26 

13 

58 

53 

3 

16 

29 

8    43 

1 

18 

9 

26 

23 

9 

62 

13 

21 

37 

47 

13 

39 

0 

2 

52 

53 

9      4 

49 

18 

24 

21 

23 

13 

25 

14 

21 

27 

42 

13 

18 

54 

2 

29 

14 

9    26 

28 

18 

38 

58 

23 

16 

33 

15 

21 

17 

13 

12 

58 

35 

2 

5 

34 

9    47 

57 

18 

53 

16 

23 

19 

18 

16 

21 

6 

19 

12 

38 

4 

1 

41 

53 

10      9 

17 

19 

7 

14 

23 

21 

37 

17 

20 

55 

1 

12 

17 

20 

1 

18 

11 

10    30 

27 

19 

20 

54 

23 

23 

31 

18 

20 

43 

19 

11 

56 

24 

0 

54 

29 

10    5L 

26 

19 

34 

13 

23 

25 

1 

19 

20 

31 

13 

11 

35 

17 

0 

30 

47 

11    12 

15 

19 

47 

13 

23 

26 

6 

20 

20 

18 

44 

11 

14 

0 

0 

7 

5    S. 

11    32 

53 

19 

59 

53 

23 

26 

47 

21 

20 

5 

53 

10 

52 

32 

0 

16 

36    N. 

11    53 

19 

20 

12 

12 

23 

27 

3 

22 

19 

52 

39 

10 

30 

53 

0 

40 

16 

12    13 

34 

20 

24 

11 

23 

26 

54 

23 

19 

39 

2 

10 

9 

5 

1 

3 

55 

12    33 

37 

20 

35 

49 

23 

26 

20 

24 

19 

25 

4 

9 

47 

8 

1 

27 

32 

12    53 

28 

20 

47 

6 

23 

25 

21 

25 

19 

10 

44 

9 

25 

1 

1 

51 

7 

13    13 

6 

20 

58 

1 

23 

23 

68 

26 

18 

56 

3 

9 

2 

46 

2 

14 

40 

13    32 

31 

21 

8 

35 

23 

22 

9 

27 

18 

41 

1 

8 

40 

23 

2 

38 

10 

13    51 

43 

21 

18 

47 

23 

19 

67 

28 

18 

25 

39 

8 

17 

52 

3 

1 

37 

14    10 

41 

21 

28 

37 

23 

17 

19 

29 

18 

9 

57 

7 

55 

13    S. 

3 

25 

0 

14    29 

26 

21 

38 

5 

23 

14 

17 

30 

17 

53 

55 

3 

48 

20 

14    47 

56   N. 

21 

47 

10 

23 

10 

51  N. 

31 

17 

37 

34    S. 

4 

11 

35   N. 

21 

55 

53  N. 

1908. 

.III 

y. 

Aug 

'list. 

.S( 

_'l)tenil)er. 

October. 

jS 

'oveniber. 

IJecember. 

o 

/ 

II 

o 

; 

II 

o 

/ 

II 

o 

/ 

II 

o 

1 

n 

o 

1 

II 

1 

23 

7 

0  N. 

18 

0 

53  N. 

8 

15 

61   N. 

3 

12 

66    S. 

14 

27 

56    a 

21 

49 

61     S. 

2 

23 

2 

45 

17 

45 

36 

7 

53 

69 

3 

36 

13 

14 

47 

3 

21 

58 

56 

3 

22 

58 

7 

17 

30 

2 

7 

32 

1 

3 

59 

27 

15 

6 

56 

22 

7 

35 

4 

22 

53 

3 

17 

14 

12 

7 

9 

56 

4 

22 

39 

16 

24 

32 

22 

15 

49 

5 

22 

47 

36 

16 

58 

4 

6 

47 

42 

4 

45 

47 

16 

42 

63 

22 

23 

37 

6 

22 

41 

45 

16 

41 

40 

6 

25 

22 

6 

8 

52 

l^ 

0 

59 

22 

30 

59 

7 

22 

35 

31 

16 

25 

O 

6 

2 

57 

6 

31 

52 

16 

18 

49 

22 

37 

54 

8 

22 

28 

53 

16 

8 

5 

5 

40 

25 

5 

54 

49 

16 

36 

22 

22 

44 

23 

9 

22 

21 

51 

15 

5o 

54 

5 

17 

48 

6 

17 

40 

16 

63 

39 

22 

50 

25 

10 

22 

14 

26 

15 

33 

27 

4 

55 

6 

6 

40 

27 

17 

10 

38 

22 

55 

59 

11 

22 

6 

39 

15 

15 

46 

4 

32 

18 

7 

3 

8 

17 

27 

20 

23 

1 

8 

12 

21 

58 

29 

14 

57 

50 

4 

9 

25 

7 

25 

44 

17 

43 

44 

23 

6 

48 

13 

21 

49 

56 

14 

89 

40 

3 

46 

28 

48 

14 

17 

59 

49 

23 

10 

1 

14 

21 

41 

1 

14 

21 

15 

3 

23 

28 

8 

10 

37 

18 

15 

36 

23 

13 

46 

15 

21 

31 

43 

14 

2 

37 

3 

0 

23 

8 

32 

53 

18 

31 

4 

23 

17 

4 

16 

21 

22 

4 

13 

43 

46 

2 

.S7 

15 

8 

55 

2 

18 

46 

12 

23 

19 

54 

17 

21 

12 

3 

13 

24 

41 

2 

14 

3 

9 

17 

4 

19 

1 

0 

23 

22 

15 

18 

21 

1 

40 

13 

5 

24 

1 

50 

49 

9 

38 

58 

19 

15 

28 

23 

24 

9 

19 

20 

50 

56 

12 

45 

54 

1 

27 

32 

10 

0 

43 

19 

29 

34 

23 

25 

34 

20 

20 

39 

51 

12 

26 

12 

1 

4 

13 

10 

22 

20 

19 

43 

20 

23 

26 

32 

21 

20 

28 

25 

12 

6 

18 

0 

40 

53 

10 

43 

48 

19 

56 

45 

23 

27 

ll 

22 

20 

16 

38 

n 

46 

12 

0 

17 

31   N. 

11 

5 

6 

20 

9 

48 

23 

27 

1 

23 

20 

4 

31 

11 

25 

55 

0 

5 

52    S. 

11 

26 

16 

20 

22 

28 

23 

26 

34 

24 

19 

52 

4 

11 

5 

28 

0 

29 

17 

11 

47 

13 

20 

34 

46 

23 

25 

38 

25 

19 

39 

17 

10 

44 

49 

0 

52 

41 

12 

8 

0 

20 

46 

41 

23 

24 

13 

26 

19 

26 

10 

10 

24 

0 

3 

16 

6 

12 

28 

37 

20 

58 

13 

23 

'J.2 

21 

27 

19 

12 

44 

10 

3 

2 

1 

39 

30 

12 

49 

1 

21 

9 

21 

23 

20 

0 

28 

18 

58 

59 

9 

41 

53 

2 

2 

53 

13 

9 

14 

21 

20 

5 

23 

17 

11 

29 

18 

44 

55 

9 

20 

36 

2 

26 

16 

13 

29 

14 

21 

30 

25 

23 

13 

64 

30 

18 

30 

32 

8 

59 

9 

2 

49 

37    S. 

13 

49 

2 

21 

40 

20    S. 

23 

10 

9 

31 

18 

15 

51   N. 

8 

37 

34  N. 

14 

8 

36     S. 

1 

23 

6 

56    S. 

Jlolr  ^tav. 

MEAN  TIME  OF  TRANSIT  (AT  WASHINGTON)  AND  POLAR  DISTANCE  OF  POLARIS. 


1908 

January. 

Febbuary. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

05 
OS 

Upper 
Transit. 

Polar 
Distance. 

Lower 
Transit. 

Polar 
Distance. 

Lower 
Transit. 

Polar 
Distance. 

Lower 
Transit. 

Polar 
Distance. 

Lower 
Transit. 

Polar 
Distance. 

Lower 
Transit. 

Polar 
Distance. 

I 
11 
fit 

p.     M. 

H.  M.S. 
6  45  19 
6     6  49 
5  »6  H 

0  1   II 

1  10  51 
1   10  60 
I   10  SO 

A.    M. 

H.  M.  S. 

4  44  51 
4     6  22 
3  96  $4 

0  ;  II 

1  10  50 
1   10  51 

I  :o  « 

A.    M. 
H.  M.  S. 

2  50  24 
2  10  58 
I  *l  M 

0    1  II 

1   10  55 
1   10  67 
1  it     9 

A.    M. 
H.  M.S. 
12  48  15 
18    866 
11  SS  «3  P.M, 

0  t    II 

1  11     3  1 
1  11     6 

1  U    f  1 

P.      M. 
H.  M.   S. 

10  46  27 

10     7  12 

»  9«     0 

0  r  If 

1  11  12 

1   11   15 
1  11  !7 

P.    M. 
H.  M.  S. 
8  44  54 
8    6  43 
T  36  34 

0  ;  It 

1  11  19 
1  11  20 

1  11  31 

Star   Table. 


133 


POLE  STAR— Coni'mjicd. 


1908 

July. 

■ 

AUUUST. 

Skptembbr. 

October. 

NuVSMBBR. 

Decembkk. 

■S5 

> 
Lower 
Tr.tusit. 

Polar 
Distauce. 

Upper 
Transit. 

Polar 
Distance. 

Upper 
Transit. 

Polar 
Distance. 

Upper 
Transit. 

Polar 
Distauce. 

Upper 
Transit. 

Pol.-ir 
Distance. 

Upper 
Transit. 

Polar 
Distance, 

1 

\\ 
21 

p.  M. 
H.  M.  S. 

6  47  r^ 
6    8  16 
5  29  11 

0  t  n 

1  11  21 
1   11  21 

1    11   90 

A.    M, 

[  H.  M.  S, 

,  4  48     0 

1  4     8  31 

3  29  40 

0  f  f1 

1  11  18 
1  11  16 
1  11  14 

A.     M. 

H.  M.  S. 
2  46  34 
2     7  22 
1   28     8 

0  f   U 

1  11   10 
1   11     7 
1  11     3 

A.    M. 

H.  M.  S. 

12  48  53 
12    937 
11  26  23  P.M. 

0  t   H 

1  11     0 
1   10  56 
1  10  52 

V.     M. 

H.  ^f.s. 

Ki  43     7 

10     3  45 

9  24  21 

0  t   11 

1  10  48 
1  10  44 
1  10  41 

p.    M. 
IT.  M   a. 
8  44  86 
8     5  30 
7  26     2 

0  1  It 

1  10  38 
1  10  35 
1  10  33 

From  June  16  to  August  1  both  the  upper  and  lower  transits  take  place  during  daylight. 
The  azimuth  at  the  time  of  greatest  eastern  or  western  elongation  can  be  easily  computed  from 


the  formula: 

where  A  denotes  the  azimuth,  p  the  jxjlar  distance,  and  I  the  latitude  of  the  place. 


.       sill  p 

Bin  A  =  ~-~-^, 
cos  I 


DATE  OF  GREATEST  ELONGATION. 

» To  find  the  time  of  greatest  eastern  or  western  elongation,  let  //denote  the  hour  angle,  and  I 
and  2>  as  before,  then  we  shall  have 

cos  ir=tanp  tanZ. 
And  the  hour  angle  in  mean  time  is 

Hm  =  H'>x  0.0664846. 
This  quantity,  /fm,  added  to  or  subtracted  from  the  time  of  transit  given  above,  according 
to  the  elongation  required,  will  give  the  viean  time  of  the  greatest  elongation  at  any  place  whose 
north  latitude  is  I. 


FOR  IDENTIFYING  THE  PRINCIPAL  FIXED  STARS. 


Namb  of  Stab. 


aAndromedie 

vPegasi  (Algeuib) 

aCassiopeiie 

aArietis 

jSPersei  (Algol) 

aTauri  (Aldebaran) 

aAurigte  (Capella; 

/SOrionis  (Rigel) 

aOrionis  (Betelguese). . . 
aCauis  Majoris  (Sirius). 
aGemiuorum  (Castor)  . . 
3Geminorum  (, Pollux).. 
aC^anis  Minor 


Declination 


O     t 

N  28  31 
N  14  37 
N  55  58 
N  22  59 
N  40  34 
N  16  18 
N  45  54 
8  19 
7  23 
16  35 
32  7 
28  16 
5  29 


On  Meridian. 


Upper. 

H.  M. 

—  1  18.0 

—  1  13.  2 

—  0  42.  2 
-f  0  40.  0 


39.9 
8.2 
47.1 
47.6 
27.6 
18.4 
5.7 
16.6. 

n.6 


Lower 

H.  M. 

4-10  40.  01 
+10  44.8! 
+11  15.  8 
+12  38.  0' 
+13  37.  91 
+15    6.2! 


Name  of  Stab. 


+15 

+lc 

+16 

+17 

+18 

+18  14.6 

+18    9.6 


45.1 
45.6 
25.6 
16.4 
3.7 


aLeonis  (Regulus). 
ctVirgiuis  (Spica)... 
aBooiis  (Arcturus). 

3Urs8e  Minoris 

aCorouae  Borealis. . 
aScorpii   (Antares). 

aLyrse  (Vega) 

aAquilae  (Altair)... 
aCygui  (Deneb),... 

aCephel 

aAquarii 

aPiscis  Aus 

aPegasi  (Markab).. 


Declination 


N 

S 

N 

N 

N 

S 

N 

N 

N 

N 

S 

s 

N 


o   t 

12  28 

10  37 

19  43 

74  35 

27    4 

26  12 

8  41 

8  36 

44  55 

62    9 

0  49 

30  10 

14  39 


On  Meridian. 


Upper. 

H.  M. 

+  8  40. 1 
+11  56.5 
+12  47. 5 
+13  27.5 
+13  49.  7 
+14  59.  3 
+17  9. 3 
+18  2L4 
+19  13.5 
+19  51.  5 
+20  35. 8 
+21  27.1 
+21  34.  7 


Lower. 

H.  M. 

+20  38.1 
+23  54. 5 
+  0  45.5 


'Jo.  3 

47.7 

57.^ 

0    7.3 

6  19.4 

n.o 

49.5 
8  33.8 


+  9  25. 1 
+  9  32.  7 


To  find  the  time  of  the  star's  transit  add  or  subtract,  according  to  the  sign,  the  numbers 
in  the  second  column  of  figures  to  the  date  of  the  transit  of  the  pole  star  given  above.  Thus, 
for  a  Andromedae  February  1.      Lower  Transit  of  Polar  Star  is  4  h    44  m.  51  s.  am  ,  to  which  add 

h.  40  m.  and  we  have 3  h.  24  m.  51  s.  p.  m.  ;  for  December  1,  we  find  7  h.  26.56s.  p.  M.,etc. 


10 


APPROXIMATE    PARALLAX   AND    DISTANCE   IN    LIGHT-YEARS   OF   SOME   OF   THE 

PRINCIPAL  FIXED  STARS. 
By  light-years  Is  to  be  understood  the  number  of  years  light  requires  to  travel  from  the  star  to  us. 


Polaris  (Pole  Star) 

a  AurigfB  (Capella) 

a  Canis  Majoris  (Sirius) 

a  Canis  Minoris  (Procyon). . . 

a  Bootis  (Arcturus) 

aCentauri   


Parallax. 


It 

0  073 
0.046 
0.233 
0123 
0.127 
0.916 


Light- 
Yenrs. 


45 
71 
15 

27 
28 
3.6 


a  LyrsB  (Vega). 

61  Cygn  i 

&  Ca.ssiopei8B. . . 

V  Draconis 

85  Pegasi 


Parallax. 

Light- 
Years. 

tt 

0.140 

23 

0.348-0.564 

6-8 

0.187 

17 

0.127 

26 

0.054 

60 

The  determination  of  stellar  parallax  is  one  of  the  most  dilticult  and  refined  problems  in  practical 
or  observational  astronomy.  It  is  to  find  the  angle  which  the  .semi-diameter  of  the  earth's  orbit 
subtends  at  the  star— an  angle  always  very  small  as  seen  from  the  above  table  and  which  cannot  be 
mea-sured  directly  but  by  various  processes  too  complicated  to  be  explained  here. 


134  iThe  Source  and  Maintenance  of  Solar  .Energy. 

Wi)t  cSourct  antr  i^amtniancc  of  .Solar  SSntt^. 

(Prepared  for  The  World  Almanac  by  Dr.  J.  Morrison.) 

The  solar  energy  is  manifested  in  part  by  the  radiation  of  heat  and  light  on  which  the  existence  of 
all  animated  nature  depends.  J'rom  time  immemorial  the  cause  of  the  solar  heat  and  light  has  been 
the  subject  of  study  by  astronomers  and  scientists  in  all  lands,  and  by  patient  and  laborious 'observa- 
tions continued  for  centuries,  by  profound  research  and  by  unremitting  toil,  man  has  at  last  forced 
nature  to  yield  up  to  him  these  hitherto  mysterious  secrets.  A  rational  explanation  of  the  solar  energy 
vras  not  possible  under  the  old  theory  of  the  cause  of  heat  and  light — not  in  fact  until  the  promulgation 
of  the  mechanical  theory  of  the  former  and  the  undulatory  theory  of  the  latter — two  scientific  achieve- 
ments of  the  nineteenth  century,  a  period  which  will  go  tliuudering  down  the  ages  as  the  golden  age  of 
scientific  discovery  and  research. 

In  order  to  obtain  a  clear  idea  of  the  cause  of  heat  and  light  it  is  necessary  to  digress  a  little  to  speak 
briefly  of  the  constitution  of  matter.  Like  time  and  space  matter  cannot  be  defined;  we  know  nothing 
of  its  intrinsic  nature  or  essence.  In  a  general  way,  we  may  say,  matter  is  any  substance  which  occupies 
space,  and  exists  in  three  forms,  viz.:  gaseous,  liquid  and  solid,  according  to  the  temperature  and 
pressure.  In  whatever  form  it  may  exist,  matter  is  not  a  continuous  sabstance,  that  is  to  say,  it  is  com- 
posed of  masses  of  infinitesimally  small  portions  called  molecules,  each  of  which  consists  of  two  or  more 
Btill  smaller  portions  called  atoms.  The  molecules  of  a  body,  whether  in  the  gaseous  liquid  or  solid 
state,  are  not  in  absolute  contact,  but  separated  from  one  another  by  an  infinitesimally  small  space 
which  permits  of  a  certain  amount  of  motion. 

THE    ETHER. 

This  space  is  filled  with  that  mysterious,  invisible,  colorless,  odorless,  and  inconceivably  rarified 
substance  c&Wed  ether,  which  fills  all  space  and  holds  the  universe  in  its  grasp.  The  molecules  of  a  body 
are  never  at  rest,  but  always  in  motion,  and  this  motion  infinitesimal  as  it  is,  causes  undulations  or 
waves  in  the  ether,  and  these  undulations  manifest  themselves  as  heat  or  light,  or  both,  according  to 
theirintensity. 

Heat  and  light  are  thus  manifestations  of  molecular  motion  propagated  by  the  ether,  just  like 
sound,  which  is  a  manifestation  of  undulations  or  waves  of  tlie  air.  In  fact,  heat,  light  and  sound  are 
quite  similar  as  regards  their  mode  of  production  and  propagation.  Now,  as  regards  the  sun,  this 
luminary  has  been  radiating  into  space  a  stupendous  amount  of  both  heat  and  light  for  an  inconceiv- 
ably long  period  of  time,  and  that,  too,  without  any  visible  source  of  supply.  Whence  then  is  the  origin 
or  source  of  this  prodigious  expenditure  of  energy?  Is  this  radiation  of  heat  and  light  to  continue  for- 
ever? Does  this  dissipation  of  energy  imply  a  waste  of  the  solar  substance?  Does  the  solar  globe  con- 
tain within  itself  the  elements  of  its  own  decay  and  death  ?  Stupendous  questions  are  they  not  ?  Let 
us  see  what  answer  modern  science  has  to  give  to  them.  It  is  now  universally  accepted  by  astronomers 
and  scientists  that 

THE  NEBULAR  HYPOTHESIS 
originally  propounded  by  Swendenborg  and  subsequently  accepted  by  Herschell,  Kaut,  Laplace  and 
other  distinguished  scholars,  mathematicians  and  astronomers,  is  the  true  cosmogony  of  our  solar  sys- 
tem. The  evidence  upon  which  this  hypothesis  rests  is  so  strong  that  it  rises  almost  to  the  dignity  of 
a  demonstration.  Without  entering  into  all  the  numerous  details  which  would  render  this  paper  far  too 
long  for  the  space  afforded,  it  must  suffice  here  to  say  that  the  gaseous  nebulae  revealed  in  the  sidereal 
heavens  by  the  telescope  and  spectroscope,  all  the  structural  and  dynamical  features  of  the  sun  and 
planets,  and  the  physical  structure  of  the  earth  and  moon,  confirm  the  hypothesis  in  a  most  remarkable 
manner.  Indeed,  it  is  hardly  possible  that  so  many  concurrent  circumstances  could  be  the  result  of 
chance.  ». 

All  the  evidence  tends  to  show  that  the  Creator  evolved  the  solar  system  by  means  of  the  physical 
laws  of  matter  established  by  Himself,  just  as  He  developed  the  giant  oaks  of  the  forest  from  the  tiny 
acorns.  The  nebular  hypothesis  assumes  that  the  matter  composing  the  sun  and  planets  once  existed 
as  a  vast  gaseous  nebula,  spiral  in  form,  having  an  inconceivably  high  temperature  and  slowly  revolv- 
ing on  an  axis  passing  through  its  centre  of  gravity.  As  the  mass  cooled  by  radiating  heat  into  space, 
contraction  of  volume  with  accelerated  axial  rotation  would  ensue  in  accordance  with  well-known 
dynamical  principles.  The  centrifugal  force  thus  rapidly  increased  would  cause  the  separation  of 
large  masses,  which  would,  by  the  mutual  attraction  of  their  own  particles,  gradually  assume  a 
spherical  figure  and  become  planets.  By  a  rev)etition  of  this  process  planet  after  planet  would  be 
thrown  off  until  the  central  glowing  sun  would  remain. 

RESULTS    OF    SOLAR    CONTRACTION. 

ASsumine  then,  that  the  sun  has  attained  his  present  dimensions  by  the  slow  contraction  of  the 
original  gaseous  mass,  the  question  which  now  confronts  us  is  :  What  amount  of  contraction  or  diminu- 
tion of  volume  is  necessary  to  supply  the  quantity  of  heat  and  light  now  radiated?  In  order  to  put  this 
in  as  clear  a  light  as  practicable,  we  will  first  describe  an  experiment  whose  results  are  quite  apparent. 
Let  a  large  globe  of  iron,  say  ten  feet  or  more  in  diameter,  be  thoroughly  and  uniformly  heated  in  a 
furnace  until  it  has  attained  a  "white  heat,"  or  is  on  the  point  of  melting,  during  which  time  it  will 
expand  until  its  diameter  be  half  a  foot  or  more.  If  it  be  then  taken  out  and  suspended  in  space  it  will 
radiate  heat  and  light  in  all  directions,  and.  as  it  cools,  it  will  not  only  contract  in  volume,  but  also 
give  out  a  light  which  will  gradually  change  in  color  from  white  to  dull  red,  after  which  the  surface 
will  become  dark,  when  heat  vibrations  only  would  be  manifest. 

As  the  cooling  proceeds,  the  surface  will  contract  and  compress  the  semi-molten  interior  to  such  a 
degree  that  it  inaycrack  and  the  soft  material  of  the  interior  exude  through  it.  The  temperature  of 
the  entire  mass,  with  diminution  of  volume,  will  continue  to  decline  until  it  attains  the  temperature  of 
surrounding  objects,  when  it  will  cease ;  but  if  it  were  suspended  in  the  inter-planetary,  or  inter-stellar 
spaces,  where  it  could  not  receive  any  heat  from  external  objects,  the  cooling  and  contraction  of  volume 
would  go  on  incessantly  until  the  temperature  reached  the  absolute  Zero  point,  or,  in  other  words,  until 
all  molecular  motion  ceased.  In  this  condition  it  would  probably  fall  into  dust,  the  power  which 
hitherto  held  the  molecules  together  having  become  dissolved— a  condition  which  may  be  interred  from 
the  fact  that  when  an  iron  bar  is  placed  for  some  time  in  liquid  air  or  oxygen  it  becomes  as  brittle  as 
glass,  and  yet  the  temperature  of  liquid  nir  is  far  above  the  absolute  zero  temperature.  The  condition 
of  the  heated  iron  globe  and  the  phenomena  resulting  therefrom  are  almost  precisely  similar  to  those 
of  the  sun,  which  is  a  liuge,  gaseous  globe,  over  866.000  miles  in  diameter,  intensely  hot,  cooling  ofif  very 
slowly  by  radiating  heat  and  light  in  prodigious  quantity  in  all  directions,  and  also  slowly  contractiug 


The  Source  and  Maintenance  of  Solar  Energy.  135 


under  its  own  gravity,  by  which  a  portion  of  its  potential  energy  is  transformed  into  molecular  energy 
manifested  by  heat  and  light. 

THE    THERMAL    UNIT. 

Heat  is  measured  by  an  arbitrary  unit,  that  is  to  say,  the  thTninl  unit  is  the  amount  of  heat  required 
to  raise  onepound  of  loatev  one  def/r^e  Fan.  in  temperature.  Carefully  conducted  experiments  show  that 
one  square  yard  of  the  earth's  surface  receives  about  twenty-five  thermal  units  in  one  second  when  the 
sun's  ray  s  fall  vertically,  due  a llowauce  being  made  for  atmospheric  absorption  which  may  amount  to 
about  one-thirtieth  of  the  whole. 

From  the  solar  parallax,  viz.,  8". 81  and  the  well-known  dimensions  of  the  earth  we  can  easily  cal- 
culate the  surface  of  a  sphere  having  the  sun's  distance  as  a  radius  and  hence  also  the  amount  of  heat 
received  by  it  in  one  second  or  the  amount  radiated  by  the  sun  in  that  time,  and  this  must  be,  approx- 
imately, at  least,  equal  to  the  amount  generated  in  same  interval  by  the  contraction  or  shrinkage  of  the 
solar  mass.  The  amount  of  heat  generated  can  be  approximately  determined  by  the  aid  of  "the  me- 
chanical equivalent  of  heat"  which  m.ny  be  expressed  thus:  If  a  pound  of  matter  (iron  for  instance) 
falls  freely  through  772  feet  it  will  strike  a  blow  which  will  raise  the  temperatu»e  of  the  body  struck  one 
thermal  yunWj,  or  if  772  pounds  fall  one  foot  it  will  do  thesame  thing.  Instead,  however,  of  a  blowthus 
struck,  a  constant  and  equivalent  pressure  will  produce  the  same  result.  By  the  radiation  of  heat  and 
consequent  contraction  of  volume,  aided  by  the  sun's  gravity,  the  entire  mass  is  gradually  falling 
toward  the  centre. 

By  means  of  all  the  data  now  at  hand  it  can  be  shown  mathematically  by  a  process  far  too  abstruse 
andcomplicatedfor  insertion  here,  that  a  contraction  or  shorteningof  about  315  feet  annually  in  the  sun's 
diameter,  is  sufficient  to  account  for  the  amount  of  he.at  and  light  at  present  radiated.  This  result  ob- 
tained from  the  most  conservative  estimate  of  all  the  factors  that  enter  into  the  computation,  must  be 
regarded  as  an  approximation,  and  it  may  be  a  very  rough  one  at  that,  but  however  much  it  may  differ 
from  the  actual  condition  of  things,  a  contraction  of  the  sun's  volume  due  to  gravity  and  the  radiation 
of  heat,  is  amply  sufficient  to  account  for  the  source  and  maintenance  of  solar  energy, 

THE    FUTURE    OF    THE    UNIVERSE. 

This  contraction  of  volume  due  to  the  above  causes  will  of  course  continue,  and  a  time  must  come 
in  the  far  distant  future — how  many  millions  of  years  it  is  impossible  to  say — when  the  sun  will  cease 
to  radiate  sufficient  heat  and  light  to  maintain  animal  and  vegetable  life  on  the  earth. 

It  is  certain  that  all  animal  and  vegetable  existences  on  the  earth  had  a  beginning,  and  it  is  equally 
certain  that  they  will  have  an  end.  Geology  speaks  to  us  out  of  the  rocky  strata  of  the  earth's  crust, 
of  the  extinction  of  numerous  races  of  animals  and  plants  in  the  remote  past.  There  have  been  six 
grand  groups  or  periods  of  animated  existences  on  the  earth,  and  five  of  these  have  already  passed  away, 
and  that,  too,  long  before  the  advent  of  man. 

Many  of  our  sedimentary  rocks  are  the  solid  sarcophagi  of  countless  millions  of  once  living  creatures. 
Our  statuary  halls  and  portrait  galleries  are  replete  with  the  memorials  of  empires  and  kingdoms,  of 
dynasties  and  generations  of  men  that  have  long  since  passed  away.  Man  himself,  nature's  greatest 
paradox,  must  pass  off  the  stage  of  his  earthly  existence  and  leave  to  his  successors  the  fruits  of  his 
labors  and  researches. 

Each  day  dies  and  sinks  into  the  silent  tomb  of  night  before  the  next  can  be  born.  Every  Summer 
gradually  fades  away  into  the  cold,  dreary  Winter  before  its  successor  can  come  forth.  The  grain  of 
wheat  which  is  cast  into  the  ground,  must  perish  before  the  new  grain  can  exist.  Death  thus  appears  to 
follow  life,  pari.passit,  throughout  the  entire  realm  of  material  creation.  To  be  born,  to  live  and  to  die, 
appear  to  be  the  destiny  of  all  organized  bodies  ;  the  tomb  of  the  past  is  the  womb  of  the  future.  So, 
likewise,  suns  and  their  systems  of  planets  must  die  in  order  that  their  successors  may  be  born.  There 
is  strong  evidence  of  the  existence  of  dark  or  dead  suns  in  the  sidereal  heavens. 

At  the  rate  of  contraction  just  stated  the  sun  will  have  shrunk  to  about  three-fourths  of  its  present 
dimensions,  in  four  or  five  millions  of  years,  and  during  that  long  interval  its  light  will  gradually  change 
from  white,  through  blue,  green,  yellow  and  orange  to  a  dull  red  and,  finally,  cast. a  lurid  glare  over  the 
dying  embers  of  the  solar  as'stem. 

Ages  before  this  animal  and  vegetable  life  will  have  become  extinct,  aqd  on  some  rocky  crag  or 
frozen  knoll  the  last  man  may  stand  shivering  in  the  wintry  blasts,  and  while  taking  his  last,  long,  ling- 
ering look  at  the  universal  desolation  produced  by  the  appalling  calamity  which  has  overtaken  the 
world  and  overwhelmed  his  race,  he  himself  will  expire  "unknelled,  uncoffined  and  unknown." 

"Sic  transit  gloria  mundl." 

THE     RESTORATION. 

Such  is  the  logical  sequence  of  the  Nebular  Hypothesis  and  such  is  the  fate  which  awaits  the  sun 
and  the  solar  system  in  the  far  distant  future.  There  are,  however,  agencies  at  work  in  the  sidereal 
heavens,  by  which  these  dead  suns  and  systems  may  be  restored  to  their  original  gaseous  nebulae,  en- 
dowed with' all  their  pristine  vigor  and  destined  for  the  formation  of  new  suns  and  new  systems  of 
planets,  but  space  will  not  permit  their  discussion  now. 

The  solar  energy  will  continue  with  little  or  no  diminution  for  perhaps  a  million  of  years  during 
which  its  benign  influence  will  be  felt  throughout  the  solar  system  into  which  it  infuses  life,  energy  and 
activity. 

By  its  genial  warmth  and  marvellous  light  it  clothes  our  hills  and  valleys  in  their  glorious  garb  of 
green,  so  pleasing  to  the  eyes,  and  by  the  action  of  its  chemical  rays  of  light  it  gradually  changes  this 
same  green  mantle  into  the  golden  tints  of  AutUTun.  I^  paints  the  maiden's  cheeks  in  their  rosy  tints 
and  the  evening  clouds  in  their  gorgeous  hues.  It  sets  in  motion  the  gentle  zephyr  that  cools  our  heated 
row  on  a  hot  Summer  day,  and  it  also  arouses  into  activity  .the  hurricane  and  cyclone  which  frequently 
carry  death  and  destruction  in  their  paths.  It  releases  from  their  icy  fetters  the  tiny  streams  that 
trickle  down  the  sides  of  snow-clad  mountains  to  form  the  source  of  the  mighty  rivers  that  irrigate  our 
plainsand  facilitate  commerce  and  international  communication.  It  distills  from  our  oceans  and  lakes 
enormous  volumes  of  aqueous  vapor  which  ascend  into  the  atmosphere  toforra  clouds  to  temper  the 
solar  heat,  and  by  the  condensation  of  these  clouds  to  produce  the  copious  showers  of  rain  to  purify  our 
atmosphere,  to  fertilize  onr  fields,  to  nourish  the  kindly  fruits  of  the  earth  for  our  sustenance,  to  raise 
every  fainting  flower  and  to  revive  all  animated  nature. 

In  remote  geologic  ages,  a  portion  of  the  solar  energy  was  stored  away  in  these  gigantic  forests 
whichultimately  were  transformed  into  beds  of  coal  which  we  now  exhume  to  warm  and  light  our  homes, 
to  propel  our  ships  and  locomotives,  to  drive  our  mills  and  facto»ies  and  to  contribute  to  our  comfort  in 
a  thousand  ways.  In  short,  there  is  not  on  the  surface  of  our  plaiiet  a  form  of  energy  which  has  not  been 
derived  directly  or  indirectly  from  the  glorious  orb  of  day. 


136 


Normal  TeinjyeraUire  and  Rainfall. 


Normal  temperature  antr  i^ainfall 

Table  Showivg  the  Normal  Temperaturk  for  Jaxuary  and  July,  and  the  Normal 
An'xual  Precipitation'  at  Weather  Bureau  Station's  ix  each  of  the  States  an'd 
Territories,  also  the  Highest  and  Lowest  Tkmpebatukks  ever  Reported  fboii 
EACH  of  said  Stations,  to  December  31,  1906. 

(Prepared  in  the  oflice  of  the  Chief  of  the  Weather  Bureau.  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  for 

The  World  Almanac  for  1908.  ) 


OS 
o 


H 


Ala 

Ariz 

Ark 


Cal. 


Col. 


Conn. 
«.   C 


FlorWla.. 

Georgia. 
Idaho 


Illtnois.. 
Indiana. 
Iowa 


Kansas 

Ky 

I.a 

Maine .... 

I>fd 

Mass 

Mich 


Minn. 
Miss.. 
Mo.... 


Mont. 


Stations. 


I 


Birmingham... 

Mobile  

Montgomery 

TFlagstaff 

<  Phoenix 

(Yuma 

/Fort  Smith 

I  Little  Rock 

f  Fresno 

I  Los  Angeles  — 
!  Red  Bluff. 

I  Sacramento 

San  Diego 

I  San  Francisco  ., 
fDenver 

Grand  .Junction. 

Pueblo 

New  Haven 

Wasliington 

r  Jacksonville 

I  Jupiter 

\  Key  West 

I  Pensacola 

LTampa 

(Atlanta 

<  Augusta  

(savannah 

f  Boiso 

IPocatello 

(Cairo •'. 

\  Chicago 

(Springfield 

Indianapolis 

(Des  Moines 

<  Dubuque , 

(Keokuk 

(Concordia„ 

\  Dodge 

(Wichita 

Louisville 

("New  Orleans 

(Shreveport 

f  Eastport 

1  Portland 

Baltimore- 

Boston  

1  Alpena , 
Detroit 
Marquette 
Port  Huron 

(Duluth 

\  Moorhead 

(st.  Paul 

Vick.sburg 

r  Kansas  City 

\  St.  Louis 

)  Springfield 

5  Havre 

\  Helena 


Temperature 


Mean. 


3 
C 


4.5 
50 
48 
27 
50 
55 
38 
41 
45 
53 
45 
4(i 
54 
50 
29 
25 
29 
27 
33 
54 
C4 
69 
52 
57 
42 
46 
50 
29 
25 
35 
24 
26 
28 
20 
18 
24 
24 
27 
30 
34 
53 
46 
20 
22 
33 
27 
19 
24 
16 
22 
10 
3 
12 
4 

26 
31 
31 
14 
20 


Ex- 
tremes. 


82  96 

80  102 
81107 
65  i  93 
90  119 
91118 
81107 
81106 
82  115 
„  109 
82  115 
72  110 
67  101 
57  101 

72  105 

79  104 

73  104 

72  100 
771104 

81  104 
81  96 
84  100 
81  103 
801  96 

78  100 

80  105 
80  105 

73  111 
71  102 

79  106 
72 1 103 
76  107 
76  106 

76  109 
75  106 

77  108 
78J106 


78 
79 
79 
81 
82 
60 
68 
77 
71 
66 

'& 

69 
66 
69 
72 
.SO 
78 
79 
76 
6S 
67 


108 

106 

107 

102 

107 

93 

97 

104 

102 

98 

101 

108 

99 

99 

102 

104 

101 

106 

107 

106 

108 

103 


xr. 

4) 

o 


-  1 

-  5 
-20 

12 

22 

15 

-12 

20 

28 

]8 

19 

32 

29 

-29 

-16 

-27 

14 

-15 

10 

24 

41 

7 

19 

-  8 
3 
8 

-28 


ao 
cj  a; 


49. 
62. 
51. 
23. 

3. 
41. 
49. 

9. 
15. 
2.5. 
20. 
10. 
22. 
\i. 

a 

12. 
47. 
43. 
53. 
60. 
38. 
56. 
53. 
49. 
47. 
50. 
12. 


-20  12. 
-16  41. 
-23  33. 
-24  37. 
-25  41. 
30  32. 
-32  34. 
-27  35. 
-25  27. 
-26  20. 
-22  30 
-20  44. 
7  57. 

-  5  45. 
-21  43. 
-17  42. 

-  7  43. 
-13  43. 
-27  33. 
-24  32. 
-27  32. 
-25  30. 
-41  29. 
-48  24. 
-41  28. 

-  1  53. 
-22  37. 
-22  37. 
-29  44. 
-55  13. 
-42  12. 


hi 

OS 
O 
H 

M 

as 

'A 
H 

< 


3Iont 


Neb 

Nevada. 
N.  C 


N.  Dnk. 

N.  H 

N.  J 


N.  3Iex. 


N.  Y. 


Ohio 

Okla 

Oregoii- 


Pa. 


R.  I 

.S.  C. 


S.  Dak. 


Tenn.. 


Texas  ■ 


Utah. 

Ft. 


Va. 


Wash 


VV.  Va... 

Wis 


3 
2 
6 

7  ;Wyo. 

8  * 


Stations. 


I  Kalispell 

(Miles  City 

(North  Platte 

<  Omaha 

(Valentine 

Winiiemucca 

(Charlotte 

<  Hatteras 

(Wilmington 

JBismarcic 

\Williston 

Concord 

( Atlantic  City.... 

I  Cape  May 

r  Roswell 

ISanta  Fe 

f  Albany 

I  Binghamton.... 

-1  Buffalo   

I  New  York  City.. 
[.Oswego 

Cincinnati 

Columbus 

Toledo 

O'/Clahoma 

Portland 

Roseburg 

Erie 

Philadelphia 

Pittsburgh 

Block  Island 

Charleston 

Huron 

Pierre   - 

Yankton 

(Chattanooga 

<  Memphis 

(Nashville 

r  Abilene 

I  Amarillo....!... 

;  El  Paso 

,  Galveston 

I  Palestine 

LSan  Antonio.... 

Salt  Lake  City... 

/Burlington 

iNorthlield 

/  Lvnchburg 

I  Norfolk 

(Seattle 

<  Spokane  

I  Walla  Walla.... 

<  ElUins 

\  Parkersburg 

/La  Crosse 

1  Milwaukee 

(Cheyemie 

<  Lander  &Wash- 
l(    akie 


Temperaturk 


Mes 

m. 

• 

>i 

u 

e« 

3 

a 

^ 

<a 

3 

*-> 

"-5 

on 

(\S 

Ex- 
tremes. 


to 
isC 

w 


14 
21 
20 

18 
29 
40 


96 


73  111 

74  107 
76  106 
73  106 
72  104 
79,102 

46  79    92 
46  79  103 
7  70  106 
66910 


21169 
32 1 72 
34173, 
39179  101 
28  691  97 


95 
99 
96 


22 
23 
25 
30 
24 
32 
29 
26 
35 
39 
41 
26 
32 
31 
31 
49 
10 
14 
16 
41 
40 


72  100 


70 
70 

74 


96 
95 
100 


/6 
75 

68 
81 
72 
75 
75 
78 
81 
38 1 79 
43  82 
34176 
44:80 
53183 
46i82 
51  82 
29176 
19  71 
15:67 
36  7 


70  100 
78  105 
75  104 
74  102 
80  104 
66  102 
66  106 
72  94 


■a 

CO 


09 

.is 

_  .J 

il 


-28  16. 9 


40 

39 

2 

33 

29 


78 
64 
69 
74 
70 


31  76 
15  73 


103 
103 

8l» 
104 
108 
110 
107 
101 
104 
104 
110 
105 
113 

98 
104 
108 
102 

97 

95 
102 
102 

96 
104 
113 

94 
102 
104 


20  70  100 
26  67  100 


17'68ll00-54'l3.9 


49 
-35 
-32 
-38 
-28 

-  5 
8 
5 

-44 
-49 
-23 

-  7 

-  7 
-29 
-13 
-24 
-26 
-14 

-  6 
-23 
-17 
-20 
-16 
-17 

-  2 

-  6 


13.2 
18.9 
30.7 
22.5 
8.4 
49.2 
60.8 
51.0 
17.6 
15.1 
40.1 
40.8 
40.8 
15.8 
14.2 
36.4 
32.9 
37.3 
44.6 
36.2 
37.3 
36.9 
30.6 
31.7 
45.1 
,34.4 
16  38.6 
641.2 


-20 

-  4 

7 

-43 


36.4 

44.4 

52.1 

21.1 

40  16.6 

34  25.4 

-10  50.7 

-  9  50.3 

-13  48.5 


-  6 
-16 

-  6 

8 


24.7 

22.6 

9.8 

47.1 


-  643.0 
426.8 

-2016.0 
-25  31.6 
-32  i  33. 8 

-  6|43.4 
2149.5 

1236.6 
3018.8 


-1/ 

-21 

-27 


17.7 

42.8 

40.2 

43  31.2 

-25  31.  4 

-38  13.6 


The  miuus  (— )  sign  indicates  temperature  below  zero. 


Greatest  Altitude   in  Each  State. 


137 


STrmpcraturc  anTr  iiainfad  of  JForci'un  (tiiitn. 


ClTTES. 


Alexandria 

Algiers 

Amsterdam 

Archangle. 

Astrakhan 

Athens 

Bagdad 

Barcelona 

Berlin 

Bermuda 

Berne 

Birmingham 

Bombaj' 

Bordeaux  

Brussels 

Budapest 

Buenos  Ayres 

Cairo 

Calcutta  

Canton. , 

Cape  Town 

Cayenne 

Cherrapongee*. . . 

Christiania 

Con.stantinople... 

Copenhagen 

Delhi 

Dublin 

Edinburgh 


Meat!  Annual 
Annual  .\verage 
Temper-  Uainfall 

ature.    I  Inches. 


Cities. 


tJ9.0 

10    1 

64.3 

27 

•19.9 

33.0 
50.1 

■    6 

63.0 

74.0 

63.0 

48.2 

i2'4 

7-2.0 

55 

46.0 

46 

48.2 

81.3 

7r> 

57.0 

30 

50.0 

29 

51.9 

17 

62.8 

72.2 

.. 

82.4 

76 

71.0 

39 

62.0 

23 

116 

610 

41.5 

5  5.5 

^16.6 

19 

77.0 

24 

50.1 

29 

47.1 

38 

Florence 

Frankfort.  „ 

Geneva 

Genoa 

Gla.sgow 

Hamburg..., 

Havana 

Hong  Kong 
Honolulu  ... 

Iceland 

Jeru.saleni... 

iLima 

Lisbon 

London 

Lyons 

Madeira 

Madrid 

Malta  

Manchester . 

Manila 

Maranham  .. 
Marseilles. ., 
Melbourne.., 

Mexico 

Milan 

Montevideo,, 
Montreal.  ... 

Moscow 

!Munich 


Mean 

Annual 

Aiinu.il 

Aveiatje 

Temper- 

liainfall 

ature. 

Inches. 

59.2 

41 

50.0 

52.7 

32 

61.1 

47 

49.8 

44 

47.0 

79.1 

91 

73.0 

101 

75.0 

39.0 

30 

62.6 

16 

73.3 

. 

61.4 

27 

50.8 

25 

53.0 

28 

66.0 

25 

58.2 

9 

66.0 

20 

48.8 

36 

78.4 

277 

58.3 

23 

57.0 

29 

60.9 

55.1 

38 

62.0 

44 

44.6 



40.0 

48.4 

.... 

ClTIB-S. 


Naples 

Nice 

Odessa 

Para 

Paris 

Peking 

Port  Said 

Prague 

Quebec 

Quito 

Kio  de  Janeiro. , 

Home 

Rotterdam 

San  Domingo... 

Shanghai 

Smyrna 

St.  Petersburg.. 

Stockholm 

Sydney  

The  Hague   

Tobolsk 

Trieste 

Valdivia 

Valparaiso 

Venice 

Vera  Cruz 

Vienna 

Warsaw 


Mean  Annual 
Annual  [  Average 
Teiuper-  Uainfall 

ature.    I   Inches. 


60.3 
58.0 
48.0 
81.0 
51.3 
53.0 

50.2 
40.3 
60.9 
77.2 
60.5 
51.0 
81.3 
59.0 
60.0 
39.6 
42.3 
65.8 
52.0 
32.0 
55.0 
52.0 
64.0 
55.4 
77.0 
51.0 
56.2 


30 
29 

71 

22 

27 

2 

14 


29 

31 

23 

108 

"24 
17 
20 
49 


43 
106 


180 
19 


*  In  Southwestern  Assam.    It  is  the  wettest  place  in  the  world.    In  1861  the  rainfall  there  reached 
905  inches. 

Note— The  mean  annual  temperature  of  the  globe  is  50°  Fahr.    The  average  rainfall  is  36  inches^ 

Greatest  ^ItitutreTin  IHaclJ  State>      ' 

'PROM  THE  RECORDS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


State  or 
Territory. 


Alabama  

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

D.  of  Columbia. 

Florida  

Georgia 

Idaho  

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Terrify 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Loui-siana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.. 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi  

Missouri 


Name  of  Place. 


'Heig't 
Feet. 


CheawhaMt.  (Talladega  Co) 

Mt.  McKinley 

San  Francisco  Mt 

Magazine  Mt 

Mt.  Whitney 

Mt.  Mas.sive 

Bear  Mt 

Southwood 

Tenley 

Mossyhead 

Brasstown  Bold,  or  Enota. 

Hyndman  Peak 

Wadham 

Carlos  City 

Sugarloaf  Mt 

Cazenovia  

Kanarado 

Big  Black  Mt.  (Harlan  Co. ) 

Arcadia 

Katahdin  Mt 

Great  Backbone  Mt 

Mt.  Greylock 

PorcuiDihe  INIt 

Mesabl  Range 

Forrest 

Cedar  Gap 


2,407i 

20,464 

12,794 

2,800; 

14,50l! 

14,424: 

2,3551 

327 

400 

274' 

4,768 

12,078 

1.023 

1,208 

2,600 

1,670 

3.90B 

4,100 

368 

5.200 

3,400 

3,535 

2,023 

2,400 

593 

1.683 


State  or 
Territory. 


Name  of  Place. 


Montana 

Nebraska ... 

Nevada  

N.  Hampshire,  j 

New  Jersey ; 

New  Mexico 

New  York ' 

North  Carolina 
North  Dakota  .. 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania... 
Rhode  Island... 
South  Carolina.. 
South  Dakota... 

Tennessee 

Te.xas 

Utah ,.... 

Vermont  

Virginia 

Washiniarton 

West  Virginia.. 

Wiscon.sin 

Wyoming 


Granite  Peak 

Hogback  Mt 

Wheeler  Peak 

Mt.  Washington 

High  BLnob 

Truchas  Peak 

Mt.  Marcy  (Adirondacks). 

Mt.  Mitchell 

Summit,  Billings  Co 

Ontario 


Heig't 
Feet. 

12,b^00 
5,084 

13,058 
6,279 
1,799 

13,275 
6,344 
6,711 
2,830 
1,373 


Mt.  Hood .rll.225 

3,136 
805 
3,413 
7,216 
6,619 
7,835 

13,422 
4,364 
5,719 

14.363 
4,860 
1,940 

13,720 


Blue  Knob. 

Durfee  Hill 

Pinnacle 

Harney  Peak 

Clingman  Dome 

Chisos,  Mts 

(iilbert  Peak 

Mt.  Mansfield 

iSIt.  Rogers  (Grayson  Co. )... 

Mt.  Rainier 

Spruce  Mt.  (Pendleton  Co. ) 

Rib  Hill,  Marathon  Co 

Fremont  Peak 


The  lowest  point  of  dry  land  in  the  United  States  is  in  Death  Valley,  Cal. ,  278  feet  below  sea 
level. 

Note.— The  above  table  was  prepared  for  The  World  Almanac  by  the  Geographic  Branch  of  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey.  It  should  be  stated  in  connection  with  this  table  that  it  presents 
only  points  whose  heights  are  matters  of  record,  and  that  in  several  cases  in  the  high  mountain  region 
of  the  far  West  and  the  Pacific  Slope  it  is  well  known  that  there  are  higher  points  within  the  State  or 
Territory  whose  heights  are  not  yet  known  with  accuracy,  and  consequently  cannot  be  given. 

This  table  was  revised  by  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  to  September  1,  1907. 

•  Western  end  of  Beaver  County,  Oklahoma,  reaches  5, 000  feet  elevation. 


1S8 


The  Ancient   and  Modern    Year. 


Slgacatljer  iFlafjs 


OF  THE  WEATHER  BUREAU,  U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

The  Weather  Bureau  furnishes,  when  practicable,  for  the  benefit  of  all  interests  dependent  upon 
weather  conditions,  the  "Forecasts"  which  are  prepared  daily  at  the  Central  Office  in  Washington, 
1)  C  ,  and  certain  designated  stations.  These  forecasts  are  telegraphed  to  stations  of  the  Weather 
Biireau.  railway  officials,  postmasters,  and  naany  others,  to  be  communicated  to  the  public  by 
means  of  flags  or  steam  whistles.  The  flags  adopted  for  this  purpose  are  five  in  number,  and  of  the 
forms  and  colors  indicated  below : 


EXPLANATION  OF  WEATHER  FLAGS. 


No.  1. 

White  Flag. 


No.  2. 

Blue  Flag. 


No.  3. 
White  and  Blue  Flag. 


No.  4. 
Black  Triangular  Flag. 


No.  5. 
White  Flag  with 
black  square  iu 
centre. 


Clear  or  fair  weather.    Rain  or  snow.     Local  rain  or  snow.      Temperature. 


Cold  wave. 


When  number  4  is  placed  above  number  1,  2.  or  3,  it  indicates  warmer;  when  below, 
colder;  when  not  displayed,  the  temperature  is  expected  to  remain  about  stationary.  During 
the  late  Spring  and  early  Fall  the  cold- wave  flag  is  also  used  to  indicate  anticipated  frosts. 

WHISTLE  SIGNALS. 

A  warning  blast  of  from  fifteen  to  twenty  seconds  duration  is  sounded  to  attract  atten- 
tion. After  this  warning  the  longer  blasts  (of  from  four  to  six  seconds  duration)  refer  to 
weather,  and  shorter  blasts  (of  from  one  to  three  seconds  duration)  refer  to  temperature;  those 
for  weather  are  sounded  first. 


Blasts.  Indicate. 

One  long Fair  weather. 

Two  long Rain  or  snow. 

Three  long Local  rain  or  snow. 


Blasts.  Indicate. 

One  short Lower  temperature. 

Two  short Higher  temperature. 

Three  short Cold  wave. 


By  repeating  each  combination  a  few  times,  with  intervals  of  ten  seconds,  liability  to  error 
in  reading  the  signals  may  be  avoided. 

As  far  a«  practicable  the  forecast  messages  will  be  telegraphed  at  the  expense  of  the 
Weather  Bureau;  but  if  this  is  impracticable,  thev  will  be  furnished  at  the  regular  commercial 
rates  and  sent  "collect. "  In  no  case  will  the  forecasts  be  sent  to  a  second  address  in  any 
place,  except  at  the  expense  of  the  applicant. 

Persons  desiring  to  display  the  flags  or  sound  the  whistle  signals  for  the  benefit  of  the  pub- 
lic should  communicate  Avith  the  Weather  Bureau  officials  in  charge  of  the  climatological 
service  of  their  respective  States,  the  central  stations  of  whic^  are  as  follows : 


Alabama.  Montgomery. 
Arizona,  Phcenix.  < 

Arkansas,  Little  Rock. 
California,  San  Francisco. 
Colorado,  Denver. 
Fiorida.  Jarksionville. 
Ceorgia.  Atlanta. 
Idaho.  Boise. 
Illinois.  Springfield. 
Indiana,  Indianapolis. 
Iowa,  Des  Moines. 
Kansas   Topeka. 
Keinucky,  Louisville. 
Louisiana,  New  Orleans. 
Maryland,  Baltimore 
(for  Delaware  and  Maryland). 


Massachusetts,  Boston 

(for  New  England). 
Michigan,  Grand  Rapids. 
Minnesota.  Minneapolis. 
Mississippi.  V^icksburg. 
Missouri,  Columbia. 
Montana.  Helena. 
Nebraska.  Lincoln. 
Nevada,  Reno. 
New  Jersey,  Atlantic  City. 
New  Mexico,  Santa  Fe. 
New  York,  Ithaca. 
North  Carolina.  Raleigh. 
North  Dakota,  Bismarck. 
Ohio,  Columbus. 


Oklahoma     (for    Indian   Terri- 
tory, and  Oklahoma). 
Oregon,  Portland. 
Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia. 
South  Carolina,  Columbia. 
South  Dakota,  Huron. 
Tennessee,  Nashville. 
Texas,  Galveston. 
Utah.  Salt  Lake. 
Virginia,  Richmond. 
Washington,  Seattle. 
West  Virginia,  Parkersburg. 
Wisconsin,  Milwaukee. 
Wyoming,  Cheyenne. 


^1)0  Ancient  auti  i^oTJcnt  ¥rar» 

The  Athenians  began  the  year  in  .Tune,  the  Macedonians  in  September,  the  Romans  first  in  March 
and  afterward  in  .Tainiary,  the  Persians  on  August  11.  the  ancient  Mexicans  on  February  23,  the  Mo- 
hammedans in  Julv.  The  Chinese  vear.  which  begins  early  in  February,  is  similar  to  the  Moham- 
medan in  having  12  months  of  29  and  :50  days  alternately;  biit  in  every  nineteen  years  there  are  seven 
years  which  have  13  months.  Tliis  is  not  quite  correct,  and  the  Chinese  have  therefore  formed  a 
cycle  of  60  years,  in  which  period  22  intercalary  months  occur. 


I4OSS  by  Lightning  in  the    United  States. 


139 


<Stonn  antf  J^urrtcane  Sisaacniufls 

OF    THE    WEATHER    BUREAU,    U.    S.    DEPARTMENT    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

STORM  WARNINGS. 


Northeasterly  wrind^.    Southeasterly  winds.       Northwesterly  winds.  Southwesterly  winds.  Red,  black  centre. 

)  Storm  Warnings.— A.  red  flag  vvitli  a  black  centre  indicates  that  a  storm  of  marked  violence  Is 
expected. 

The  pennants  displayed  with  the  flags  indicate  the  direction  of  the  wind;  red,  easterly  (from 
northeast  to  south) ;  white,  westerly  (from  southwest  to  north).  The  pennant  above  the  flag  Indicates 
that  the  wind  is  expected  to  blow  from  tlie  northerly  quadrants;  below,  from  the  southerly  quadrants. 

By  night  a  red  light  indicate.s  easterly  winds,  and  a  white  light  ahove  a  red  light  westerly  winds. 

Hurricane  Wartiings.—'twoxQA  flags  with  black  centres,  displayed  one  above  the  other,  indicate  the 
expected  approach  of  a  tropical  hurricane,  and  also  one  of  those  extremely  severe  and  dangerous 
storms  which  occasionally  move  across  the  Lakes  and  Northern  Atlantic  Coast. 

TJelocitg  of  smintrs  in  tlje  5[Unttctr  .States* 

AVERAGK  hourly  velocity  of  the  wind  at  selected  stations  of  the  United  States  Weather  Bureau, 
also  the  highest  velocity  ever  reported  for  a  period  of  five  minutes.  ( Prepared  by  W.  L.  Moore,  Chief 
of  the  Weather  Bureau,  and  revised  to  December  31,  1906,  for  Thk  World  Almanac.  ) 


Stations. 


Abilene,  Texas 

Albany,  N.Y 

Alpena,  Mich 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Bismarck,  N.  I) 

Boise,  Idaho 

Boston,  Mass 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Charlotte,  N.C 

Chattanooga,  Tenn... 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,   Ohio 

Custer,  Mont.t 

Denver,  Col 

Detroit,  Mich 

Dodge  City,  Kan 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

Duluth.  Minn 

Kastport,  Me 


A  ■-  Z 

Isl 

tH 

|«£- 

<*> 

Mi. 

B    q: 

Mi. 

11 

66 

6 

70 

9 

72 

9 

56 

8 

74 

4 

55 

11 

72 

11 

90 

5 

55 

6 

60 

9 

84 

7 

59 

9 

73 

7 

72 

7 

75 

9 

76 

11 

75 

6 

60 

7 

78 

9 

78 

Stations. 


El  Paso,  Texas 

Fort  Smith,  Ark 

Galveston,   Texas 

Havre,  Mont 

Helena,  Mont 

Huron,  S.  D 

Jacksonville,  Fla 

Keokuk,  Iowa 

Knoxville,  Tenn 

Leavenworth,  Kan.t 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lynchburg,   Va 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Montgomery,  Ala 

Nashville,   Tenn 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  York  City, N.Y. 
North  Platte,  Neb.... 

Omaha,  Neb 

Palestine,  Texas 


I'll 
<^^ 

UiT 
5 
5 

10 

11 
6 

10 
6 
8 
5 
7 
7 
4 
6 
5 
6 
7 
9 
9 
8 
8 


*.  "c 


« 


J3  ?;  S 


Mi. 
78 
64 

*84 
76 
60 
69 
70 
60 
84 
66 
58 
50 
75 
54 
75 
60 
80 
96 
64 
60 


Stations. 


Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,   Pa 

Portland,  Me 

RedBluir,  Cal 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

St.  Vincent,  Minn.t- 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 

San  Diego,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Cal... 

Santa  F6.  N.  M 

Savannah,  Ga 

Spokane.  Wash 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Vicksburg,  Miss 

Wasliington,  D.   C 

Wilmington,  N.  C 


<-  =  > 


Mi. 

10 
6 
5 
7 

11 

II 
7 
9 
5 
6 
9 
6 
7 
4 
9 
6 
5 
7 


m  b  i> 
■O  >  a 

.5PW  a. 

*i 

Mi.  ' 

75 

66 

60 

60 

78 

80 
102 

72 

66 

40 

60 

63 

80 

52 

72 

60 

66 

68 


*Auemometer  blew  away, at  a  velocity  of  84  miles  per  hour,September,1900.    fStations  discontinued. 
STANDARD  TABLE  SHOWING  VELOCITY  AND   FORCE  OF  WINDS. 


Description. 


Perceptible 

Just  perceptible.. 

Gentle  breeze 

Pleasant  breeze.. 

Brisk  wind.„ 


Miles 

Feet 

Feet 

Force  in 
lbs.  per 

per 
Hour. 

per 
Minute. 

per 
Second. 

Square 
Foot. 

.005 

1 

88 

1.47 

I   i 

176 

2.93 

.020 

264 

4.4 

.044 

f   t 

352 

6.87 

.079 

440 

7.33 

.123 

{  \% 

880 

14.67 

.492 

1,320 

22.0 

1.  107; 

f     20 
t     25 

1,760 

29.3 

1.  968 

2,200 

36.6 

3.  075y 

Description. 


High  wind 

Very  high  wind. 

Storm 

Great  storm 

Hurricane 


Miles 

Feet 

Feet 

per 

per 

per 

Hour. 

Minute. 

Second. 

/     30 
I     35 

2.610 

44,0 

8.080 

51.3 

f     40 

1     45 

3,.^2i) 

58.6 

3,960 

66.0 

50 

4,400 

73.3 

r   60 

1     70 

5, 280 

88.0 

6,160 

102.  7 

/     80 
1  100 

7,040 

117.3 

8,800 

146.6 

Fores  in 

lbs.  per 

Square 

Foot. 

4.  428 

6.  027 

7.872 

9.963 

12. 800 

17.712 

24. 108 

31.488 

49. 200 


From  1890  to  1898  the  property  loss  by  tornadoes  in  the  United  States  was  $26,633,750  [See  The 
World  Almaxac  for  1902,  page  61].  The  number  of  persons  killed  by  tornadoes  1889  to  1898 
inclusive  was  1,487.  

Hoss  iJ5  lLiflfjtniU0  in  t\)t  ^anftctf  .Statrs. 

The  Weather  Bureau  of  the  I'nited  States  Department  of  Agriculture  in  October,  1900,  issued  a 
bulletin  giving  these  facts:  In  1899  the  total  number  of  strokes  of  lightnjng  which  caused  damage  was 
5,527;  number  of  buildings  injured,  6,256-  value  of  property  lost,  $3,016,520;  number  of  deaths  by 
lightning  during  the  year.  563;  number  or  persons  injured,  820;  number  of  live  stock  killed  in  the 
fields,  4,251 ;   value,  $129,955.      These  are  the  latest  available  statistics. 

The  Chronicle  Fire  Tables  record  3,012  fires  caused  bv  lightning  In  the  United  States  in  1902,  the 
property  loss  occasioned  thereby  being  $3,396,810.  These  are  the  latest  reported  statistics  on  tb«  subjeet. 


140 


Opening  and    Clozing  of    N'avigation. 


<!^ptninfi   autr   (t\t\nu\^  of  Kabiflation 

ON  THE  HUDSON  RIVER   AND  THE  ERIE  CANAL,    AND    OPENING   OF  LAKE  ERIE 

NAVIGATION. 


Navigation  of  the  Hudson  Riter. 


River  Open. 


River  Closed. 


Mar.      3,  1824 Jan.       5,  1825 


Mar.  6,  1825. 
Feb.  25,  1826. 
Mar.  20,  1827. 
Fel..  8,  1828. 
April    1,  1829. 

Mar.    16,  1830 

Mar.    1.^,  1831 

Mar.    25,  1832 

Mar.    21,  1833 

Feb.    29,  1834 

Mar.    25,  1835 

April    4,  1836 

Mar.  27,  1837 

Mar.    19,  1838 

Mar.    25,  1839 

Feb.    25,  lt40 

Mar.    24,  lt<41 

Feb.      4,  1842 

April  13,  1843 

Mar.   18,  1844 

Feb.    24,  1S45 

Mar.    18,  1846 

April     7,  1847 

Mar.    22,  1848 

Mar.    19,  1849 

Mar.   10,  1850 

Feb.     25,  1851 

Mar.    28,  1852 

Mar.  23,  1853 

Mar.  17,  1854 

Mar.    27,  1855 

April  11,  1856 

Feb.     27,  1857 

Mar.   20,  1S58 

Mar.    13,  1859 

Mar.     6.  1860 

Mar.     5,  1861 

April    4,  1862 

April    3,  1863 

Mar.   11,  1864 

Mar.    22,  1865 

Mar.  20,  1866 

Mar.    26,  1867 

Mar.    24,  1868 

April    5.,  1869 

Mar.   31,  1870 

Mar.    12,  1871 

April     7,  1872 

April  16,  1873 

Mar.    19,  1874 

April  13,  1875 

April     1,  1876 

Mar.    30,  18^ 

Mar.   14,  1878 

April    4,  18:9 

Mnr.      B,  1880 

•Mar.   21,  1881 

Mar.      8,  1882 

Mar.    2H,  1883 

Mar.    25,  1884 

April     7,  1885 

Mar.    30,  1886 

April    9,  1887 

April    8,  1888 

Mar.  19,  1889 

Open  all  Winter. .  . . 

Mtir.    22.  1891 

April     1,  1892 

April     1,  1893 

Mar.   18,  1894 

April    2,  1895 

April  17,  1896 

Aprir29,   1897 

M:ir.    14,  1898 

Mar.    29,  1S99 

April    9,  1900 

Mar.   28.  1901 

Mar.    17,  1902 

Mar.    14,  1903 

April     4,1904 

April     3,  1905 

Mar.    22,  1906 

Mar.    28,  1907 


Dec.    13,  18-.5 , 

Dec.     13,  1826 

Nov.    25,  1827 

Dec.     23,  1828 , 

Jan.     14,  18:i0 

Deo.     25,  1830 

Deo.      6,  1831   

Deo.     21,  1832 

Deo.     13,  1833 

Dec.     15,  1834 , 

Nov.    30,  1835 

Dec.       7,  1836 

Dec.     14,  1837 , 

Nov.    25.  1*38 , 

Nov.    18,  1839 

Nov.      5,  1840 

Nov.    19,  1841    

Nov.   28,  1842 

Deo.    10,  1843 

Deo.     17,  1844 

Dec.      3,  1845 

Dec.     14,  1846 

Dec.     25,  ls47 

Dec.     27,  1848 

Dec.     26,  1^49...    . 

Dec.     17,  1850 

Dec.     14,  1851 

Deo.     23,  18.52 

Deo.     21,  1853 

Dec.      8,  1S54 

Dec.    20,  1855 

Dec.     14,  18.56 

Dec.     27,  1857 

Deo.     17,  1858 

Dec.     10,  1859     ... 
Dec.     14.  1860...   . 

D:c.    23,  1861   .... 

Dec.     19,  1862... 

Dec.     11,  1863 

Dec.    12,  1864 

Dec.     16,  1865 

Dec.     15,  1866 

Dec.       8,  1867 

Dec.      5,  1868  .... 

Dec.      9,  1869 

Dec.     17,  1870 

Nov.    29,  1871 

Dec.      9,  1872 

Nov.    22,  1873 

Dec.     12,  1874 

Nov.    29,  1875 

Deo.       2,  1876 

Dec.     31,  1877 

Dec.     20,  1878 

Dec.     20,  1879 

Nov.    25,  1880 

2,  1882   .... 
4,  1882 

15,  1883 

19,  1884 

13,  188.i 

3,  188^. 


Dec.  14,  1^88.. 

Open  all  Winter... 

Dec.  3,  IsiO  .... 

Dec.     24,  1891 

Dec.     22,  1892 

Dec.       6,  1893 

Dec.    24,  1894 

Dc.      9,  189.5 

Dec.     10,  1896 

De-.      7,  1897 

Dec.     12,  1898 

Dec.     28,  1899 

Dec.     11,  19o0 

Deo.      1,  1901 

Dec.      8,  1902 

Dec.      2,  190:? 

Dec.      4,  1904 

Deo.     15,  19115 

Dec.      5,  1906 

1907 


Days 
Open. 


Jan. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Deo. 
Dec.    20,  1887 256 


309 

283 
302 
261 
220 
286 
283 
262 
289 
277 
291 
268 
244 
261 
257 
286 
285 
286 
308 
242 
278 
283 
275 
263 
292 
286 
282 
293 
270 
274 
266 
268 
248 
303 
273 
273 
283 
294 
2.59 
252 
277 
270 
270 
267 
252 
248 
261 
263 
247 
'-•21 
269 
229 
245 
-  277 
282 
261 
265 
287 
272 
261 
269 
250 
248 


251 

286 

277 
266 
250 
282 
252 
246 
223 
274 
275 
246 
248 
26(5 
263 
244 
257 
260 


Navigation  of  the  Erie  Canal. 


Canal  Open. 


Canal  Closed. 


April  30,  1824 

April  12,  1825 

April  25,  1826 

April  22,  1827 

Mar.   27,  1828 

Mav       2,  1829 

April  30,  1830 

April  16,  1831 

April  25,  1832 

April   19,  1833 

April  17,  1834 

April  15,  1835 

April  25,  1836 

April  20,  1837 

April  11,  1838 

April  20,  1839 

April  20,  1840 

April  24,  1841 

April  20,  1842 

May      1,  1843 

April  18,  1844 

April  15,  1845 

April  16,  1846 

May      1,  1847 

M.av      1.  1848 

May      1,  1849..    .. 

April  22,  1850 

April  15,  1851 

April  20,  1852.    ... 

April  20,  1853 

May      1,  18.54 

May      1,  1855 

M.ay      5,  1856 

Mav      6,  1857 

April  28,  1858 

April  15,  1^59 

April  25,  1860 

May      1,  1861 

May      1,  1862 

Mav      1,  1863 

April  30,  1864 

Mav      1,  1865 

Mav      1,  1866 

Mav      6,  1867 

Mav     4,  1868 

May      6,  1869 

Mav    10,  1870 

April  24,  1871.    . 
Mav     13,  1872.... 
Mav     15,  1873.... 

May      5,  1874 

May  18,  1875.... 
May  4,  IS'ie.... 
Mav  8,  1>77.... 
Apnl  15,  1878.... 

Jlav      8,  1879 

Anvil  16,  1880.... 
May    12,  1881.... 

April  11,  1882 

Mav       7,  1883  ... 

May      6,  1884 

May     11,  188.5.... 

May      1,  1886 

M.ay  7,  1887  ... 
Mav  10,  1888.... 
May  1,  1889.... 
April  28,  1890.... 
May      5,  1891.... 

May      1,  1892 

May      3,  1893.... 

May      1,  18h4 

M.ay      3,   1895 

May  1,  1896.... 
May      8,  1897.... 

May      7,  1898 

April  26,  1899  ... 
April  25,  1900.... 
M'.y  7,  1901.... 
April  24,  1902.... 
May  2,  1903.... 
1  Mav      5,  1904.,.. 

May      4,  l!i(i5 

May      2,  1906.... 
I  May      1,  1907.... 


Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Deo. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Deo. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Deo. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Deo. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Deo. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

De.-. 

Dec. 

Deo. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Nov, 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov, 


4. 

5. 
18. 
18. 
20. 
17 
17. 

1. 
21. 
12. 
12. 
30. 
26. 

9. 
25. 
16. 

9. 
30. 
28. 
30. 
26. 
29. 


25 

30 

9 

5 

11 

6 

16 

20 

3 

10 

4 

15 

8.   

12 

12 

10 

10  

9 

8 

12 

12 

20 

7 

10 

8  

1 

1 

5 

5 

30  (b.v  ioe). 

1... 


7 

6 

21  (bv  ice). 

8..   ". 

7   

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

30 

30 

5 

5 

30 

30 

5 

1 

1 

10 

1 

1 

30 

4 

28 

26 

28 , 

28 , 


Navigable 
Davs. 


219 

238 

243 

241 

269 

230 

242 

230 

241 

238 

240 

230 

216 

234 

228 

241 

228 

221 

222 

214 

222 

228 

234 

214 

223 

219 

234 

235 

239 

245 

217 

224 

214 

223 

225 

242 

232 

224 

224 

223 

223 

226 

226 

229 

217 

218 

213 

220 

202 

205 

215 

197 

211 

214 

237 

212 

220 

211 

241 

208 

209 

205 

214 

20^ 

207 

214 

216 

215 

219 

212 

2!4 

216 

214 

208 

218 

219 

220 

207 

224 

210 

205 

209 

211 


Opening  of  Lal^e 
Erie.» 


April 

April 

May 

Jlay 

May 

April 

April 

April 

May 

April 

May 

March 

April 

April 

April 

March 

May 

March 

April 

April 

April 

April 

Maroh 

March 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

May 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

Apiil 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

Mav 

April 

April 

Mav 

Apii! 

April 

May 

Jlay 

April 

Slavch 

April 

Maroh 

May 

Maroh 

?*!ay 

April 

May 

April 

April 

April 

April 

March 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

March 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

May 

April 

April 

April 


21,  1827 

1,  1828 

10,  1829 

5,  IH.iO 

8,  1831 
27,  18:!2 
23,  1833 

6,  1834 
3,  1835 

27,  1836 
In,  1837 
31,  1838 

11,  18.39 
27,  1840 
14,  1841 

7,  1842 

6,  1843 
14,  1844^ 

3,  1845 

11,  1846 

23,  1847 

9,  1848 
25,  1849 

25,  1850 

2.  1851 

20,  18.52 

14,  18.53 
29.  1854 

21,  1855 

2,  1856 

27,  1867 
1.5,  1858 

7,  1859 

17,  1860 
13,  1861 

15.  18ii2 

3,  1863 

13,  1864 

26,  1865 

28,  1>66 

21,  1867 
19,  1868 

1,  1869 

16.  1870 
1,  1871 
6,  1S72 

29,  1873 

18,  1874 

12,  1875 

4,  1876 

17,  1877 

24,  1S78 

24,  1879 

19,  1^80 

1.  1881 
26,  1882 

4,  1883 

25,  1884 

2,  1885 

26,  1886 
17,  1887 

10,  1888 
10,  1889 
31,  1890 
IX,  1891 

14,  1892 

15,  1893 
2S,  1894 

4,  1-95 

19,  1896 
6,  1<97 

25,  1898 

27,  1899 

22,  190« 

20,  1901 
9,  1902 
6,  1903 

10,  1904 

22,  1905 

15,  190* 

6,  1907 


*  At  Buffalo.    The  record  in  the  above  table  is  kept  by  the  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Worko. 


Jlide^  for  Foretelling  the    'Weather. 


141 


COMPARATIVK  SCALKS. 


Reau- 

Centi- 

Fahr- 

lirir, 

<jrade, 

enheit, 

SU". 

lOU'". 

•jie*. 

76 

95 

203 

73 

90 

194 

68 

85 

185 

6:{.l 

78.9 

174 

60 

f> 

167 

56 

70 

158 

62 

65 

149 

48 

60 

140 

44 

55 

131 

42.2 

52.  8 

127 

40 

50 

122 

36 

45 

113 

33.8 

42.2 

108 

32 

40 

104 

29.3 

36.7 

98 

28 

35 

95 

25.8 

32.  2 

90 

24 

30 

86 

21.3 

26.7 

80 

20 

25 

77 

16 

20 

68 

12.4 

15.3 

60 

10.2 

12.8 

55 

8 

10 

50 

5.8 

7.2 

45 

4 

5 

41 

1.3 

1.7 

35 

0 

0 

32 

—  0.9 

-1.1 

30 

—  4 

-  5 

23 

—  5.3 

-6.7 

20 

—  8 

-10 

14 

-9.8 

-12.  2 

10 

-12 

-15 

5 

-14.2 

-17.8 

0 

-16 

-20 

-  4 

-20 

-25 

-13 

-24 

-30 

-22 

-28 

-35 

-31 

-32 

-40 

-40 

Water  Bori.s 

AT     S  K  A- 
LiKVKL. 


Alcohol  Boils. 


Tallow  Melts. 


Blood  Heat. 


Temperate, 


Watkr 
Fkkezes. 


Zero  Faar. 


llulcs  for  jForctelltUB  tfjc  512aeatf)cr» 

Adapted  for  Use  with  Aneroid  Barometers. 

A   RISJNQ   barometer. 

A  RAPID  rise  indicates  unsettled  weather. 

A  gradual  rise  indicates  settled  weather. 

A  rise  witli  dry  air  and  cold  increasing  in  Summer  indicates 
wind  from  the  northward;  and  if  rain  has  fallen,  better  weather 
may  be  expected. 

A  rise  with  moist  air  and  a  low  temperature  indicates  wind  and 
rain  from  the  northward. 

A  rise  with  southerly  winds  indicates  fine  weather. 

A    STK^DY     R.AKOMETER. 

With  dry  air  and  seasonable  temj)erature  indicatesaeoutiuuauce 
of  very  fine  weather. 

A   FALLING  BAROMETER. 

A  rapid  fall  indicates  storm j'  weather. 

A  rapid  fall  with  westerly  wind  indicates  stormy  weather  from 
the  northward. 

A  fall  with  a  northerly  wind  indicates  storm,  with  rain  and  hail 
in  Summer,  and  snow  in  Winter. 

A  fall  with  increased  moisture  in  the  air,  and  heat  increasing, 
indicates  wind  and  rain  from  the  southward. 

A  fall  with  dry  air  and  cold  increasing  in  Winter  indicatessnow. 

A  fall  after  very  calm  and  warm  weather  indicates  rain  with 
squally  weather. 

The  barometei  rises  for  northerly  winds,  including  from  north- 
west by  north  to  the  eastward  for  drj',  or  less  wet  weather,  for  less 
wind,  or  for  more  than  one  of  these  changes,  except  on  a  few 
occasions,  when  rain,  hail,  or  suow  comes  from  the  northward  with 
strong  wind. 

The  barometer  falls  for  southerly  wind,  including  from  south- 
east by  south  to  the  westward,  for  wet  weather,  for  stronger  wind 
or  for  more  than  one  of  these  changes,  except  on  a  few  occasions, 
when  moderate  wind,  with  rain  or  snow,  comes  from  the  north- 
ward. 

The  above  printed  rules  are  in  use  by  the  Seawanhaka-Corin- 
thian  Yacht  Club  of  New  York. 


Duration  of  Different  Kinds  of  Weather  in  the  Several 
Storms— Vicinity  of  New  York. 


Critical  Winds 

South  to  Southwest 

South  to  Southeast 

East  to  Northeast 


Clear 
Hours. 

Cloudy 
Hours. 

Rain 
Hours. 

9 
14 
20 

8 
13.4 
17.6 

8.3 
15.6 
31 

Clearing 
Hours. 

1^        ■ 

15.4 
20.6 


WEATHER   WISDOM. 

SUNSET    COJLORS.— A  gray,  lowering  sunset,  or  one  where  the  sky  is  green  or  yellowish- 
green,  indicates  rain.    A  red  sunrise,  with  clouds  lowering  later  in  the  morning,  also  indicates  rain. 

HAIiO    (SUN    DOGS).— By  halo  we  mean  the  large  circles,  or  parts  of  circles,  about  the  sun 
or  moon.     A  halo  occurring  after  fine  weather  indicates  a  storm. 

CORONA.— By  this  term  we  mean  the  small  colored  circles  frequently  seen  around  the  sun  or 
moon.    A  corona  growing  smaller  indicates  rain ;  growing  larger,  fair  weather. 

RAINBOWS.— A  morning  rainbow  is  regarded  as  a  sign  of  rain;  an  evening  rainbow  of  fair 
weather. 

SKY    COLiOR.— A  deep-blue  color  of  the  sky,  even  when  seen  through  clouds,  indicates  fair 
w^eather;  a  growing  whiteness,  an  approaching  stoi'iu. 

FOGS.— Fogs  indicate  settled  weather.    A  morning  fog  usually  breaks  away  before  noon. 

VlSIBILiITY.— Unusual  clearness  of  the  atmosphere,  unusual  brightness  or  twinkling  of  the 
stars,  indicate  rain. 

FROST.— The  first  frost  and  last  frost  are  usually  preceded  by  a  temperature  very  much  above 
the  mean. 

OBJECTS  VISIBLE  AT  SEA- LEVEL  IN  CLEAR  WEATHER. 

The  following  table  shows  the  distance  at  sea-level  at  which  objects  are  visible  at  certain  eleva+ions: 


Elevation- Feet. 

Miles. 

Elevation — Feet. 

Miles. 

Elevation — Feet. 

Miles. 

1 

1.31 

2.96 
3.24 
3.49 
3.73 
3.96 
4.18 
5.92 
6.61 

30 

7.25 

7.83 

8.37 

8.87 

9.35 

10.25 

11.07 

11.83 

90 

12.25 

5 

35 

100 

13.23 

6 

40.         .                     

150 

16.22 

7 

45 

200  

18.72 

8 

50 

300 

22.91 

9...               

60 

500 

29.58 

10 

70 

1,000  

33. 41 

20 

80 

1  mile 

96.10 

25 

142 


mgh-Tkie   Tables. 


FOR  GOVERNOR'S  ISLAND  (NEW  YORK  HARBOR). 

(Specially  prepared   from   the  Tide- Tables  of   the  United  States   Coast  and  Geodetic  Surve}'    for 

The  World  Alman^ ac.  ) 

New  York  Mean  Time.     To  express  in  Standard  Time,  subtract  4  minutes. 


1908. 

January. 

Februarj-.' 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

Day  of 
Month. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

p.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  Af. 

H.  M. 

H.  .\f. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

1 

5  29 

6  47 

7  6 

7  39 

6  51 

7  26 

8  14 

8  39 

8  44 

8  56 

9  49 

9  51 

2 

6  26 

6  51 

7  57 

8  32 

7  44 

8  14 

9  1 

9  23 

9  -25 

9  38 

10  26 

10  29 

3 

7  17 

7  45 

8  48 

9  25 

8  32 

9  3 

9  45 

10  4 

10  9 

10  19 

11  4 

11  6 

4 

8  9 

8  40 

9  37 

10  13 

9  21 

9  49 

10  31 

10  49 

10  63 

11  1 

11  44 

11  42 

6 

9  0 

9  35 

10  28 

11  4 

10  9 

10  35 

11  16 

11  37 

11  34 

11  42 

12  26 

6 

9  53 

10  33 

11  20 

11  57 

10  57 

11  24 

.. 

12  6 

•  •  >  ■ 

12  24 

12  26 

1  16 

7 

10  46 

11  33 

12  14 

11  45 

12  26 

1  9 

12  29 

1  21 

1  15 

2  10 

8 

11  44 

12  54 

1  15 

12  15 

12  44 

1  20 

2  19 

1  21 

2  '24 

2  8 

3  4 

9 

12  34 

12  45 

1  54 

2  24 

1  10 

1  48 

2  24 

3  29 

2  19 

3  20 

3  4 

3  59 

10 

1  34 

1  51 

2  54 

3  35 

2  10 

3  2 

3  26 

4  27 

3  18 

4  8 

4  2 

447 

11 

2  34 

2  69 

3  54 

4  43 

3  16 

4  14 

4  23 

5  9 

4  13 

4  51 

4  56 

5  38 

12 

3  33 

4  4 

4  47 

5  38 

4  15 

5  12 

5  11 

5  44 

5  0 

5  33 

5  60 

6  24 

13 

4  24 

5  4 

5  35 

6  25 

5  5 

5  56 

5  52 

6  17 

5  45 

6  14 

6  42 

7  11 

14 

5  15 

5  57 

6  19 

7  2 

5  51 

6  31 

6  29 

6  51 

6  27 

7  0 

7  31 

7  59 

15 

6  0 

6  44 

6  57 

7  31 

6  31 

7  0 

7  4 

7  24 

7  12 

7  34 

8  24 

8  47 

16 

6  42 

7  23 

7  30 

7  59 

7  4 

7  28 

7  42 

8  0 

7  51 

8  15 

9  16 

9  3y 

17 

7  20 

7  56 

8  2 

8  24 

7  36 

7  54 

8  14 

8  39 

831 

8  58 

10  11 

10  29 

18 

7  54 

8  26 

8  34 

8  52 

8  8 

8  24 

8  49 

9  16 

9  20 

9  44 

11  9 

11  24 

19 

8  27 

8  52 

9  4 

9  24 

8  36 

8  59 

9  29 

9  59 

10  10 

10  34 

12  14 

20 

8  59 

9  20 

9  35 

10  0 

9  10 

9  36 

10  14 

10  44 

11  6 

11  29 

12  22 

1  15 

21 

9  29 

9  52 

10  11 

10  43 

9  47 

10  16 

11  4 

11  38 



12  12 

126 

2  19 

22 

10  3 

It)  32 

10  52 

11  31 

10  28 

11  4 

12  4 

12  31 

1  25 

2  33 

3  19 

23 

10  42 

11  15 

11  37 

11  15 

11  r>6 

12  39 

1  19 

1  41 

2  41 

3  39 

4  17 

24 

11  24 

12  24 

12  31 

12  12 

1  54 

2  60 

2  55 

3  48 

4  45 

5  11 

25 

12  9 

12  12 

1  26 

I  34 

12  57 

1  18 

3  11 

4  6 

4  4 

4  44 

5  44 

5  69 

26 

1  4 

1  6 

2  39 

2  57 

2  9 

2  49 

4  24 

5  7 

5  5 

5  37 

6  39 

6  47 

27 

2  4 

2  9 

3  49 

4  22 

3  29 

4  IS 

5  26 

6  0 

6  4 

6  24 

7  27 

7  29 

28 

3  9 

3  21 

4  56 

5  34 

4  42 

5  24 

6  22 

6  47 

6  54 

7  9 

8  10 

8  11 

29 

4  14 

4  35 

5  58 

6  33 

5  44 

6  20 

7  12 

7  34 

7  40 

7  50 

8  52 

8  49 

30 

5  14 

5  42 

6  39 

7  9 

7  58 

8  14 

8  25 

8  32 

9  28 

9  24 

31 

6  12 

6  42 

.... 

.... 

7  28 

7  54 

.... 

9  8 

9  12 

1908. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Day  of 
Month. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

p.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

>r.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  -M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

1 

10  0 

10  2 

10  27 

10  33 

11  12 

11  19 

1132 

11  47 

12  50 

1  19 

2  6 

2  19 

2 

10  34 

10  34 

11  4 

11  9 

12  1 

12  29 

2  13 

2  34 

3  12 

3  27 

3 

11  5 

11  4 

11  46 

11  61 

12  8 

12  56 

12  50 

1  35 

3  26 

3  45 

4  10 

4  29 

4 

11  43 

11  44 

12  35 

1  4 

159 

2  6 

2  47 

4  29 

4  47 

5  4 

5  28 

6 

12  25 

12  36 

1  29 

2  11 

3  6 

3  31 

3  59 

5  23 

5  44 

6  52 

6  19 

6 

12  128 

1  16 

1  29 

2  29 

3  31 

4  15 

4  41 

5  4 

6  12 

6  35 

6  40 

7  10 

7 

114 

2  11 

2  o2 

3  34 

4  49 

5  19 

5  42 

6  1 

7  0 

7  25 

7  24 

7  57 

8 

2  9 

3  9 

3  47 

4  35 

5  55 

6  19 

6  34 

6  54 

7  47 

8  14 

8  9 

8  44 

9 

3  9 

4  7 

4  58 

5  36 

6  56 

7  14 

7  23 

7  4.3 

8  32 

9  2 

8  52 

9  30 

10 

4  14 

5  4 

6  7 

6  35 

7  44 

8  6 

8  12 

8  34 

9  16 

9  51 

9  35 

10  16 

11 

5  19 

5  58 

7  7 

7  31 

8  36 

8  56 

8  57 

9  23 

10  2 

10  42 

10  18 

11  2 

12 

6  21 

6  52 

8  4 

8  22 

9  24 

9  45 

9  44 

10  13 

10  48 

11  36 

10  69 

11  49 

13 

7  20 

7  46 

8  58 

9  14 

10  12 

10  36 

10  33 

11  6 

11  37 

11  42 

14 

8  16 

8  36 

9  49 

10  6 

11  3 

11  28 

11  23 

12  35 

12  29 

12  38 

12  '28 

15 

9  10 

9  29 

10  42 

10  56 

11  55 

12  4 

12  16 

1  37 

1  2  > 

1  26 

1  16 

16 

10  6 

10  21 

il  32 

11  51 

12  25 

12  50 

1  4 

1  14 

2  32 

2  24 

2  14 

2  9 

17 

11  1 

11  14 

12  25 

1  28 

1  50 

2  14 

2  15 

3  20 

3  19 

3  2 

2  68 

18 

11  50 

12  46 

1  23 

2  39 

2  52 

3  19 

3  14 

4  4 

4  6 

3  48 

3  49 

19 

12  9 

12  54 

1  49 

2  21 

3  46 

3  49 

4  11 

4  8 

4  40 

4  46 

4  32 

4  42 

20 

1  6 

1  51 

2  57 

3  19 

4  48 

4  40 

4  54 

4  55 

5  16 

5  25 

6  16 

5  29 

21 

2  10 

2  50 

4  6 

4  19 

5  36 

5  32 

5  28 

5  ;;4 

5  64 

6  4 

6  2 

6  14 

22 

3  19 

3  49 

5  12 

5  13 

6  15 

6  14 

6  1 

6  10 

6  30 

6  41 

6  45 

7  4 

23 

4  24 

4  45 

6  4 

6  1 

6  45 

6  51 

6  32 

6  40 

7  9 

7  22 

7  32 

7  •"2 

24 

5  28 

5  36 

6  49 

6  44 

717 

7  22 

7  4 

7  16 

7  49 

8  3 

8  17 

8  42 

25 

6  24 

6  24 

7  25 

7  22 

7  43 

7  54 

7  37 

7  49 

8  31 

8  49 

9  5 

9  34 

26 

7  14 

7  10 

7  64 

7  56 

8  10 

8  24 

8  14 

8  24 

9  16 

9  38 

9  55 

10  32 

27 

7  54 

7  49 

8  23 

8  29 

8  43 

8  54 

8  52 

9  4 

10  5 

10  34 

10  47 

11  34 

28 

8  29 

8  25 

8  60 

8  59 

9  19 

9  29 

9  3t 

9  49 

10  57 

11  39 

11  46 

29 

8  59 

y  69 

9  20 

9  28 

9  59 

10  9 

10  19 

10  39 

11  57 

12  38 

12  51 

30 

9  28 

9  30 

9  51 

10  0 

10  42 

10  54 

11  11 

11  37 

12  61 

1  6 

1  44 

1  58 

31 

9  66 

10  0 

10  29 

10  37 



.... 

12  10 

,  •  •  • 



2  49 

3  7 

Earthquake  Areas  of  the  Earth. 


143 


HIGH- TIDE  TABLES— CoJi^mwed. 


TIME  OF  HIGH  WATER  AT  POINTS  OX  THE  ATLANTIC  COAST. 

The  local  time  of  high  water  at  the  foUowiner  places  may  he  found  approximately  for  each  day  by 
adding  to  or  subtracting  from  the  time  of  high  water  at  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y. ,  the  hours  and 
minutes  annexed. 


Albany,  N.  Y add 

Annapolis,  Md add 

Atlantic  City,  N.  J sub. 

Baltimore,  Md add 

Bar  Harbor,  Me add 

Beaufort,  S.  C sub. 

Block  Island,  B,.  I sub. 

Boston,  Mass add 

Bridgeport,  Ct add 

Bristol,  R.  I sub. 

Cape  Ma.v,  N.  J add 

Charleston,  S.  C sub. 

Eastport,  Me add 

Fernandina,   Fla sub. 

Gloucester,  Mass add 

Hell  Gate  Ferry,  East  River,  N.  Y..add 

Isles  of  Shoals.  N.  H add 

Jacksonville,  Fla add 

Kej'  West,  Fla add 

League  Island,  Pa add 

Marblehead,  Mass add 

Nahant,  Mass add 

Nantucket,   Mass add 

Newark,  N.  J add 

New  Bedford,  Mass sub. 

Newburyport,  Mass add 


H. 

M. 

9 

31 

8 

57 

20 

10 

52 

2 

46 

8 

34 

3 

22 

3 

2 

14 

10 

42 

3 

0 

18 

2 

55 

1 

53 

3 

11 

37 

1 

24 

5 

23 

3 

2 

3 

2 

4 

21 

54 

10 

3 

16 

New  Haven,  Ct add 

New  London,  Ct_ add 

Newport,  R.   I sub. 

Norfolk,  Va add 

Norwich,  Ct add 

Old  Point  Comfort,  Va add 

Philadelphia,  Pa add 

Plymouth,   Mass add 

Po"int  Lookout,  Md add 

Portland,  Me add 

Portsmouth,   N.   H add 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y add 

Providence,  R.    I add 

Richmond,  Va add 

Rockaway  Iidet,  N.  Y sub. 

Rockland,  Me add 

Rockport,  Mass add 

Salem,  Mass and 

Sandy  Hook,  N.  J sub. 

Savannah,  Ga add 

Southport  (Smithville),  N.  C sub. 

Vinevard  Haven,  Mass add 

Washington,   D.  C add 

Watch  Hill,  R.  I add 

West  Point,  N.  Y add 

Wilmington,    N.    C add 


H. 

M. 

3 

1 

1 

22 

22 

58 

2 

0 

39 

5 

41 

3 

12 

4 

49 

3 

10 

3 

36 

3 

51 

7 

8 

48 

25 

3 

1 

2 

50 

3 

9 

32 

7 

43 

3 

36 

L2 

1 

42 

2 

47 

1 

0 

Example. —To  find  the  approximate  time  of  higb  tide  at  Atlantic  City,  N.  .1. ,  on  any  day.  find 
first  the  time  of  high  water  at  New  York  under  the  desired  date,  and  then  subtract  20  minutes,  as  in 
the  above  table;  the  result  is  the  time  of  high  water  required. 


AVERAGE    RISE    AND    FALL    OF    TIDE. 


Places, 


Baltimore,  Md.. 
Boston,  Mass. .. 
Charleston,  S.C. 

Eastport,  Me 

Galveston,  Tex. 
Key  West,  Fla.. 
Mobile.  Ala 


Feet. 

Inches. 

1 

3 

9 

8 

5 

1 

18 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

Places. 


New  London, Ct... 
New  Orleans,  La.. 

Newport,  R.  I 

New  York, N.Y... 
01dPointComf't,Va. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Portland.  Me 


Feet. 

Inches. 

3 

9 

None  Nonel 

9 

8 

4 

4 

2 

5 

6 

0 

91         1 

Places, 


San  Diego,  Cal 

Sandy  Hook ,  N.  J . . 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Savannah,  Ga 

Seattle,  Wash 

Tampa, Fla.  ..j... . 
Washington.  I). C. . 


Feet. 


3 
4 
4 
6 
12 
2 
2 


Inches. 


7 
7 
9 
6 
2 
2 
9 


Highest  tide  at  Eastport,  Me. ,  218  inches.    Lowest  tide  at  Galveston,  Tex, ,  13  inches. 


i5artljq[ualfee  ^teas  of  tje  3Sartt)» 

Majob  de  Montessus  de  BaLtOee,  after  years  of  labor,  has  drawn  up  a  catalogue  of  130,000 
shocks,  of  which  trustworthy  details  have  been  procured,  and  this  indicates  with  some  scientific 
accuracy  how  the  symptomsof  seismic  activity  are  manifested  over  the  earth's  surface.  The  period 
of  observation  includes  generally  the  last  fifty  years ;  but  there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  a  longer 
time  would  materially  affect  the  proportionate  numbers.  The  appended  figures,  drawn  from  M.  de 
Montessus' s statistics,  will  give  an  idea  of  the  general  result: 


Area. 


Scandinavia 

British  Isles ' 

France 

Spain  and  Portugal 

Switzerland 

Italy 

Holland  and  North  Ger- 
many  

Sicily 


Earth- 
quakes, 


646 
1,139 
2,793 
2,656 
3,895 
27,672 

2,326! 
4,3:ill 


Abka. 


Greece 

Russia 

Asia  Minor 

India .u,. 

.Tapan 

Africa 

Atlantic  Islands 

United     States,    Pacific 
I    Coast 


Earth- 
quakes, 


10,306 

258 

4,451 

813 

27,562 

179 

1,704 

4,467 


Area. 


Atlantic  Coast 

Mexico 

Central  America 

West  Indies 

South  America 

Java 

Australia  and  Tasmania, 
New  Zealand 


Tarth- 
qualves. 


937 
5,586 
2,739 
2,.">61 
8,081 
2,155 
83 
1,926 


The  most  shaken  countries  of  the  world  are  Italy,  Japan,  Greece,  South  America  (the  Pacific 
Coast),  Java,  Sicily,  and  Asia  Minor.  The  lands  most  free  from  these  convulsions  are  A  f rica,  Aus- 
tralia, Russia,  Siberia,  Scandinavia,  and  Canada.  As  a  rule,  where  earthquakes  are  most  frequent 
they  are  most  severe.  But  to  this  genei-al  statement  there  are  exceptions— Indian  shocks,  though 
less  numerous,  being  often  very  disastrous.  Loss  of  li  fe  in  many  cases  depends,  however,  on  density 
of  population  rather  than  on  the  intensity  of  the  earth  movement.  Numerically,  also,  France  has 
registered  more  seismic  tremors  than  Spain  and  Portugal,  but  France  in  historicti  mes  has  experienced 
no  earthquake  disaster  approaching  the  havoc  wrought  by  the  one  calamity  at  Lisbon,  ' 


lU 


Table  of  Magnetic  Declinations. 


^atJle  of  i^afiiutic  Bcclinations, 

Or  Variation  op  Compass  for  January,  1908  -With  the  Annual  Change  in  1306  fok  thle 

Principal  Places  in  thk  Unitkd  Statks. 

A  plus  <+)  sign  to  the  annual  change  denotes  that  the  declination  is  increasing,  and  a  minus  (— ) 
sign  the  reverse. 

(Specially  prepared  for  The  World  Almanac  in  the  OfiBce  of   the   United   States    Coast  and 

Geodetic  Survey.) 


State  or 
Terbitory. 


Station. 


Ala 

Alaska... 


Ark 

Cal 

Col 

Coun. 

Del 

Dit^t.    of 

Col 

Florida-. 


Georgia. 


Idaho 

Illinois.. 

Indiana. 

Ind.  Ter. 
loifa 

Kansas.. 

Ky 

La. 

Maine. .. 

Md 

Mass 

Mich 

Minn 

Miss 


Montgomerj-... 

Mobile 

Hunts ville. ... 

Sitka 

Kodiak 

St.  Micliael 

Dutch  Harbor. 

xvlSKR.  •••••■   ... 

Prescott 

Yuma 

Nogales 

Little  Rock 

Sacramento.. .. 
San  Fraucisco. 

Los  Angeles 

San  Diego 

Denver 

Hartford 

New  Haven 

Dover 


.11 

e  ■- 


O      /      O 


32 
30 
34 
57 
57 
63 
53 
51 
34 
32 
31 
34 
38 
37 
34 
32 
39 
41 
41 
39 


o!  -a 
J  = 
c    bo 

E.  ^ 


22  86 
42'  88 
44    86 

3135 
48  152 
29162 
53  166 
59182 
34  112 
44114 
20  110 
44  92 
34  121 
48  122 

4tll8 
43|117 
45105 
46  72 
18    72 

9   75 


>  2 


o    / 


18 

3 
35 
20 
2.124 

121 
32117 
281  8 


50  E 


a 

eS 

—  ja 
«0 


Washington 38  53 

Tallahas.see 30  26 

Jacksonville 30  20 

Key  West 24  33 

Atlanta 33  44 

Savannah 32 

Boise 43  37 

Springfield 39  50 

Chicago 41  54 

Indianapolis 39  47 

Fort  Wayne 41    3 

Atoka 34  24 

DesMoiue.s 41  36 

Keokuk 40  23 

Topeka 39    2 

Ness  City 38  28 

Lexington 38    4 

Paducah 37    5 

Louisville 38 

Baton  Rouge....  30 
New  Orleans....  30 

Shreveport 32  30 

Bangor 44  48 

Portland... 
P^a.stport... 
Annapolis 
Baltimore 

Boston 

Pittsfield.. 
Lansing.... 
Detroit 


43  39 

44  54 

38  59 

39  16 
42  22 
42  27 
42  44 
42  21 

Marquette 46  33 


St.  Paul. 
Duluth... 
Jack.son. 


44  58 
46  46 
32  19 


2517 
15  15 
1014 
Oil4 
40,10 
5510 
31   6 


77  0 
84  17 
81  39 
81  48 

84  22 
81    5 

116  12 

89  39 

87  37 

86  8 

85  3 
96  9 
93  36 
91  23 
95  43 
99  54 

84  30 

88  37 

85  46 

91  11 

90  5 
93  45 
68  48 

70  17 
66  59 
76  29 
76  35 

71  4 
73  17 
84  32 
83    3 

87  22 
93    5 

92  4 
90  12 


58E 

8E, 
ICE 
30  E 
45  E 

OE 
10  K  + 
15  E  + 

0E  + 
50  E  + 
55  E  + 
50  E4- 
20  E + 
10  E  + 
20  E + 
50W4- 
15  W  + 
52  W  + 


5 
2 
1 
2 
1 
0 
19 
4 
3 
1 
0 
8 
8 
6 
9 
11 
0 
4 
1 
6 
5 
7 
.7 
15 
19 
6 
6 
13 
11 
0 
1 
2 
8 
■1 


low 

15  E 
10  E 
27  E 
37  E 
35  E 
18  E 
15  E 
50  E 
18  E 
5E 
30  E 
OE 
OE 
17  E 
22  E 

29  E 
20  E 
15  E 

OE 
35  E 

5E 
33  W 

o\v 

22W 

OW 

OW 

5W 

25W 

20  W 

30  W 
5K 

45  E 

25  E 

5E 


+  3 

0 

-1 

— -   ^ 

-  1 

-  1 
+  3 
-1 

-  1 

-  1 

1 

o 

1 
1 

2 
2 
1 
0 
1 
2 
2 
2 
2 


+  3 


+ 
+ 
+ 

+  3 
+  3 
+  2 
+  2 
—  1 
+  1 
+  1 
+  1 


State  or 
Territory. 


I^Iiss.. 
illo 


Mon. 
Neb.. 


Nevada.. 


N.  H 

N.  J 

N.  Mex. 

N.  Y....... 


I  N.  C 

[  N.  Dak. 
Ohio 


Okia 

Oreffon. 
l»a 


R.  I. 

.S.  C. 


.S.  Dak. 
Tenn 


Tex. 


Utah. . 

Vt 

Va 

Wash. 
W.  Va 
Wis.... 

Wyo... 


Station. 


Oxford 
Jefferson  Citj'... 


5  « 

O  '.3 


1 

34  22 
38  35 


05    OJ 


^^ 


St.  Louis |38  38 

Kansas  City 39    7 

Helena [46  37 

Lincoln |40  49 

Omaha 41  16 

Carson  City '39  10 

Eureka 39  31 

Concord 43  12 

Trenton 40  13 

Santa  Fe  35  41 

Albany 42  40 

New  York 40  43 

Ithaca 42  27 

Buffalo 42  55 

Raleigh 35  47 

Wilmmgton 34  13 

Bismarck 46  48 

Pembina 48  5S 

Columbus 40    0 

Cleveland 41  So 

Cincinnati 39    8 

Guthrie 35  53 

Portland 45  31 

Harrisburg 40  16 

Philadelphia.  ...  39  58 

Allegheny 40  29 

Providence 41  50 

Columbia 34    0 

Charleston 32  47 

Pierre 44  22 

Yankton '42  53 

.Nashville 36    9 

Knoxville 35  58 

Memphis :35    8 

Austin 30 

San  Antonio 29 

Houston 29 


CIS 

a 


,1 


/    o    / 

89  33   5  40  E'+  1 
92    9  7  40  E  +  2 

90  16   5  15  E  +  2 

94  38  9  10  E  +  2 
112    2  19  55E+3 

'if,  42  10  19  E  +  2 

95  581  9  45  E  +  2 
119  4617  lOE+3 
115  58  16  57  E  +  3 

71  29  12  45  W+  3 
74  44!  8  15 W  +  3 
105  57  12  55  E  + 

73  45  11  15W  + 

74  01  9  15  W  + 

76  29  7  34W  + 
78  54  6  22 W  + 
78  .38   2  40  W 1+ 

77  56   2  20W  + 

100  47 15  20  p:h- 

97  14  11  30  E  + 


29 
31 
40 
41 
44 
44 


Galveston 

El  Paso 

Salt  Lake.., 

Ogden 

Montpelier 
Burlington. 
Richmond. 

Norfolk |36  52 

Lynchburg 37  25 

Olympia 147 

Walla  Walla 46 

Charleston. 
Wheeling.. 

Madison 

Milwaukee 
La  Crosse 


83  0  1    0W,+ 
81  42  3  34W  + 

84  25  0  59W  +  2 
97  25    9  40  E  +  2 

122  41  22  53  E  +  4 
76  53  6  43W  +  3 
75  10   7  52W  +  3 

80  1  4  lOW  +  3 
71  24  12  loW  +  3 

81  2  0    2W  +  1 
79  56   0  44W  +  2 

100  22  13  5  E  +  2 
97  2511  22E:+a 


86  48  3  47  VJ\  0 
83  55  0  14  W  +  1 
90    3  5  25  E      0 

97  44   8  24  eI+  2 

98  28  9  2E  +  2 
95  20  8  0E+  2 
94  47   7  32E.+  2 

106  29  12  11  E  +  a 
46111  5416  50E+3 
13112    017  47  E+ 8 


37  32 


38  21 
40  3 
43  4 
43  4 
43  50 


72  32 14  20W:+  3 

73  1212  55  W+  3 
77  26(  4  5Wi+  3 
76  17|  4  45 W+  3 
79    9   2  45W  +  3 

122  54  23  26E:+  3 

4  118  2121  45E+3 

81  38  2  28WI+  3 

1  28W  +  2 


80  44 
89  25 
87  53 
91  14 


4  65E 
3  30E 

5  30  E 


Cheyenne i41    8104  4915   3E 


0 
0 
0 

2 


EXTREME  VALUES. 


Maine IN.  E.  Corner... | 


121   0W|  ..    II  Alaska... IN.  E.  Corner... I   ..   I 


140   OEj 


DEPENDENCIES. 


Cuba- 


Porto 
Rico. 


Havana 

Santiago 

San  Juan. 

Ponce 


23  8 

82  22 

20  0 

75  50 

18  29 

66  7 

17  59 

66  40 

2  50  E  -r  3 
115E-3 
1  40WI+  6 
1  30W-{-  6 


Haw'ii      Honolulu 121  18167  52  10  37  Ei+  I 


IslandslHUo 19  44155  06  8  50  E 

Philip-  I  I 

pi ues...! Manila 114  35,120  58,  0  6o£ 


+  1 
+  1 


F'dcts    About   the  JSarth. 


145 


jFacts  ^ijout  tijc  ISartf). 


According  to  Clark,  the  equatorial  semi- diameter  is  20, 920, 202  feet=3963. 296  miles,  and 
the  polar  semi- diameter  is  20,854,895  feet=3950. 738  miles.  One  degree  of  latitude  at  the 
jK)ie=69. 407  miles.    One  degree  of  latitude  at  the  equator=(>8. 701  miles. 

POPULATION  OF  THE  EARTH  BY  CONTINENTS. 
(From  Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society.) 


CONTI- 

Area  ia 
Square  Miles. 

Inhabitants.        ( 

CONTI- 
NKNTAL 

Divisions. 

Area  in 
Square  Miles. 

Inhabitants. 

NEMTAt. 

Divisions. 

Number. 

Per8q. 

Mile. 

Number. 

Per  Sq. 
Mile. 

A  Idea 

Aiuericii,  N.. 

11.514,000 
6.44(5,000 

127,000.000 
89,250,000 

11.00 

13.80 

5.30 

57.70 

Australasia 

Kurope 

Polar  Reg... 

Total 

3,288,000 
3,555.000 

4,888.800 

4,730.000 

380.200,000 

300.000 

17487.900,000 

1.40 
KKi.  90 

Americu,  S.. 

6. 837. 000 
14.710.000 

36,420.000 
850,000,000 

0.07 

Asia 

51,238,800 

29.00 

The  above  estimate  was  made  by  Ernest  George  Ravenstein,  F.  R.  G.  S. ,  the  geographer  and 
statistician,  and  is  for  1890.  The  population  of  North  America,  1900,  had  increiusod  to  over 
100,000,000. 

An  estimate  of  population  of  the  earth,  made  by  Drs.  Wagner  and  Supan,  editors  of 
"Bevollierung  der  Erde"  (Perthes,  Gotha,  1891),  is  as  follows:  Europe,  357.379,000;  Asia. 
825,954,000;  Africa,  163,953,000;  America,  121,713,000;  Australia,  3,230,000;  Oceanic 
Islands,  7, 420,  (X)0;  polar  regions,  80,400.  Total,  1,479,729,400.  The  estimate  of  area  of 
the  continents  and  islands  by  the  same  authorities  is  52, 821, 684. 

Ravenstein' s  estimate  of  the  earth's  fertile  region,  in  square  miles,  is 28, 2G9, 200 ;  steppe, 
13,901,000;  desert,  4,180,000;  polar  regions,  4,888,800. 

The  population  of  the  earth  at  tlie  death  of  the  Emperor  Augustus,  estimated  by  Bodio,  was 
54,000,000.  The  population  of  Europe  hardly  exceeded  50,000,000  before  the  fifteenth 
century.  — Mulhall. 

The  area  and  cubic  contents  of  the  earth,  according  to  the  data  of  Clark,  given  above,  are: 
Surface,  196,  971,  984  square  miles ;  cubic  contents,  259, 944, 035, 515  cubic  miles. 

Murray  (Challenger  expedition)  states  the  greatest  depth  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  at  27,366 
feet:  Pacific  Ocean,  30,000  feet;  Indian  Ocean,  18,582  feet;  Southern  Ocean,  25,200  feet; 
Arctic  Ocean,  9,000  feet.  The  Atlantic  Ocean  has  an  area,  in  square  miles,  of  24,536,000; 
Pacific  Ocean,  50,309,000;  Indian  Ocean,  17,084,000;  Arctic  Ocean,  4,781,000;  Southern 
Ocean,  30, 592, 000.  The  highest  mountain  is  believed  to  be  Deodhunga  or  Everest,  one  of  the 
Himalayas,  29,002  feet. 

For  population  of  the  earth  according  to  creed,  see  Religious  Statistics. 

POPULATION  OF  THE  EARTH  ACCORDING  TO  RACE. 
(Estimated  by  John  Bartholomew,  F.  R.  G.  S. ,  Edinburgh. ) 


Race. 

Location. 

Europe,  Persia, 
etc 

Number. 
545,500,000 

630,000,000 

65,000,000 

150,000,000 

Race. 

Location. 

Number. 

Indo  -  Germanic     or 
Aryan  (white) 

Hottentot  and  Bush- 
man 'black) 

South  Africa 
A  u  s  t  ralasia 

&  Polynesia 
North  &  So. 

America 

150,000 

Mongolian  or  Turain- 
ian      (yellow     and 
brown; 

Greater  part  of 
Asia 

Malay  and  Polynes- 
ian (brown) 

A  merican    Indian 
(red) 

35,000,000 

Semitic  or    Hamitic 

North      Africa, 
A  rRbia 

15,000,000 

Cwhite) 

Total 

Negro     and      Bantu 

Central  Africa.... 

1,440,650,000 

(black) .■ 

The  human  family  is  subject  to  forty- nine  principal  governments.  As  to  their  form  they 
may  be  classified  as  follows:  .Ab6'oiatemo/ta/-c/iAe6",  Abyssinia,  Afghanistan,  China,  Korea,  Morocco, 
Siam,  Turkey;  LimiLed  monarchies,  Austria- Hungary,  Belgium,  British  Empire,  Denmark,  Ger- 
many, Greece,  Italy,  Japan,  Montenegro,  Netherlands,  Norway,  Persia,  Portugal,  Roumania, 
Russia,  Servia,  Sweden,  Spain  ;  Republics,  Argentine  Republic,  Bolivia,  Brazil,  Chile,  Colombia, 
Costa  Rica,  Cuba,  Donainican  Republic,  Ecuador,  France,  Guatemala,  Hayti,  Honduras,  Li- 
beria, Mexico,  Nicaragua,  Panama,  Paraguay,  Peru,  Salvador,  Switzerland,  United  States  of 
America,  Uruguay,  Venezuela.  Besides  these  "are  the  undefined  despotisms  of  Central  Africa, 
and  a  few  insignificant  independent  States. 

The  average  duration  of  human  life  is  about  33  years.  One-  quarter  of  the  people  on  the  earth 
die  before  age  6,  one- half  before  age  16,  and  only  about  1  person  of  each  100  born  lives  to  age 
65. 

EUROPEAN  LANGUAGES  SPOKEN. 


Lan- 
guages. 

Number  of  Persons 
Spoken  by. 

Propor 

TION  OP 
THB 

Whole. 

Lan- 
guages. 

Number  op  Persons 
Spoken  by. 

Propor- 
tion OF 

THE 

Whole. 

1801. 

1901. 

130,300,000 
52,100,000 
84,200,000 
34,000,000 
46,500,000 

1801. 

1901. 

29.2 
11.7 

18.8 

7.6 

10.  4' 

1801.               1901. 

1801. 

4.7 
19.0 

1901. 

English  

French  .;.... 

20,520,000 
31,450,000 
30,320,000 
15, 070, 000 
26,190,0<W 

12.7 
19.4 
18.7 
9.3 
16.2 

Portuguese 
Russian 

Total     .... 

7,480.000    15,000,000 
30,770,000    85,000,000 

3.3 
19.0 

Italian 

Spanish  

161,800,000  447,100,000 

100.0 

100.0 

tuioii    ^O,  J.t>U,  VWJU     ^o,ouu,ui->u     ±o.  z      xu.  '1' ^ 

These  estimates  (that  for  1801  being  by  Mulhall)  exhibit  the  superior  growth  of  the  English 

cna""e  in  Hip  la>;t,  (^f^ntiirv 


language  in  the  last  century. 


146 


The  Geological  Strata. 


K\)t  Ecological  <Sttata. 

The  strata  composing  the  earth' s  crust  is  divided  by  most  geologists  into  two  great  cla.sses; 
1.  Those  generally  attributed  to  the  agency  of  water.  2.  To  the  action  of  tire ;  which  may  be 
subdivided  as  follows:  (a)  Aqueous  formations,  stratified,  rarely  crystalline  (sedimentary  or 
fossiliferous  rocks:  metamorpliic  or  unfossiliferous).  (6)  Igneous  formations,  unstratified, 
crystalline  (volcanic.  asba~salt;  platonic,  as  granite). 

The  geological  record  is  classified  into  five  main  divisions  or  periods:  1.  The  Archaean,  life- 
less and  dawn  of  life.  2.  The  Palaeozoic  (ancient  life).  3.  The  Mesozoic  (middle  life).  4.  The 
Cenozoic  (recent  life).     5.  Quaternary,  the  age  in  which  man's  first  appearance  is  indicated. 


Periods, 

Eras. 

Series, 

Subdivisions. 

Quater- 
nary 
Period. 

Age  of  Primeval 
Man. 

Quaternary  or 
Post  Tertiary. 

3.  Recent. 
2.  Champlaln. 
1.  Glacial. 

Pleistocene. 

Cenozoic 
Period. 

Age  of  Mammals. 

Tertiary  Era, 

4.  Pliocene. 

3.  Miocene. 
2,  Oligocene. 

1.  Eocene. 

English  Crag. 

Upper  Molasse. 

Rupelian  and  Tongrian  of  Belgium. 

Age  of  Reptiles. 

Cretaceous 
Era^ 

4.  Laramie. 

3,  Colorado. 

2.  Dakota. 
1.  Lower. 

Upper  Chalk. 

Lower  Chalk.    Chalk  Marl. 

Gault. 

Neocom  i  an.    Lower  G  reensand. 

Mesozoic 
Period. 

Jura- 
TriiLs. 

Jura-ssic 

3.  Purbeck. 
2.  Oolite. 
1.  Lias. 

Wealden. 

Purbeck,  Portland,  Kimmeridge. 
Oxford  Oolites.    Lower  or  Bath  Oolite. 
1.  Lower  Lias.    2.  Marlstone.    3.  Upper 

Lias. 

7.  Trias- 
sic. 

4.   Rluetic. 
3.  Upper. 
2.  Middle. 
1.   Lower. 

Kossen  beds,   Dachstein  beds;  Alpine 
Keuper.                              [Trias,  in  part. 
?Iuschelkalk  Bunter-Sandstein. 

Age  of  Coal 
Plants, 

Carboniferous 
Era. 

3.  Permian. 

2.  Carboniferous. 

1.  Subcarbonifer- 
ous. 

2.  Magnesian  Limestone. 

1.  Lower   Red   Sandstone,  or  Rothli- 

3.  Upper  Coal-Measures.            [gendes, 

2.  Lower  Coal- Measures. 
1.  Millstone  Grit. 

Lower  Carbonifercus.  Mountain  Lime- 
stone. 

Palaeozoic 

Age  of  Pishes. 

Devonian  Era. 

5.  Catskill  aud 
Cheniuug. 
4.  Portage. 

3,  Hamilton. 
2.  Coniferous, 
1.  Oriskany. 

Catskill  Red  Sandstone.  " 
Chemung. 
Portage. 
Genesee  Slate. 
Hamilton  beds. 
Marcellus  Shale. 
Upper  Helderberg,  Scho- 
harie, Grit. 
Oriskany  Sandstone. 

Old  Red 
Sandstone. 

Period. 

Age  of 
Invertebrates. 

Upper 
Silurian. 

3.  Lower 

Helderberg. 

2,  Onondaga. 
1.  Niagara. 

Lower  Helderberg. 

Onondaga  Salt   Group.     Salina  beds. 

Water  Lime. 
3.  Niagara  Group.    Wenlock  Group. 
'2.  Clinton  Group.               \       Upper 
1.  Me<iiua Sandstone.       /Llandovery. 

Lower 
Silurian. 

3.  Trenton. 

2,  Chazy. 

L  Calciferous. 

3.  Hudson     River     beds.      Cincinnati 

Group.     Lower  Llandovery. 
2.  Utica  Shales. 
1.  Trenton   Limestone.     Caradoc  and 

Bala  Limestone. 
Black  River  Limestone. 
Chazy  Limestone. 
Calciferous    Sandrock.      Magnesian 
,    stone. 

Cambrian. 

Lower,  Middle,  and  Upper  Cambrian. 

Arc 

tiaean  Period. 

Eoz 

oic  (dau'i)  of  life), 
ic  (lifeless) 

1.  Laurentian.    Hurouian. 

f-jotitude   anil  LongitudQ    Table, 


147 


Hatitittre  auTJ  ILonfittutre  ^aljle* 

(LoNGiTUDK  Reckoned  from  Gueenwich.  ) 
Specially  prepared  for  The  World  Almanac. 


o    i     It 

Acapulco,  Mex- 16  50  56 

Adelaide,  S.  Aiistralia*..o4  55  38 

Adea,  Arabia 12  46  40 

Alfeauy,  N.  Y.  * .42  39  13 

Algiers*... .36  4750 

Allegheny,  Pa.  * 40  27  42 

Alexaudria,  Ey:ypt 31 11  43 

Amherst,  Mass. » ^42  22  17 

Aun  Arbor,  Mich.  * 42  16  48 

Aaaapolis,  Md.* 38  58  54 

Antipodes  Island 49  42    0 

Apia,  Samoa 13  48  56 

Archangel,  Russia ..,64  32    6 

Armagh,  Ireland* 54  21 13 

Aspin\vall,S.A.,Lt 9  22    9 

Astoria,  Ore 46  11 19 

Athens,  Greece* 37  58  21 

Attn  Island,  Alaska 52  56    1 

Bahia,  Brazil 13    0  37 

Baltimore.  Md 39  17  48 

Batavia,  Java 6    7  40 

Belize.  Hondaras 17  29  20 

Belle  Isle,  Lt 5153    0 

Berlin,  Prussia* 52  30  17 

Bermuda,  Docic  Yard. ..32  19  24 

Bombay* 13  53  45 

Bonn,  Germany* 50  43  45 

Bordeau.K,  France* 44  50  17 

Boston  State  House 42  21  28 

Bridgetown,  Barbadoes.  13   5  42 

Brussels,  Belgium* .50  51 10 

Buenos  Ayres 34  30  30 

Calcutta o 22  33  25 

Callao.  Peru,  Lt 12    4    3 

Cambridge,  Bug.  * 52  12  52 

Cambridge,  Mass.* 42  22  48 

Canton, Ohma 23    6  3.5 

Cape  Cod,  Mass. .  Lt 42    2  21 

C.  Ilatteras,  N".  C. ,  Lt 35  15  14 

Cape  Henry,  Va. ,  Lt 36  55  29 

Cape  Horn 55  58  41 

Cape  May,  N.  ^. ,  Lt 38  55  56 

Cape(4ood  Hope,   Lt 34  2112 

Cape  Prince  of  VNTales  ...65  33  30 

Charleston.  S.C.,Lt 32  4144 

Charlottetown,  P.  E.  I. ..46  13  .55 

Cherbourg,  France 49  38  54 

Chicago,  111.* 4150    1 

Christiania.  N^or.  * .5.:)  54  44 

Cincinnati,  O.  • 39    819 

Clinton.  N.  Y.* 43    3  17 

Colombo,  Ceylon 6  55  40 

Constantinople 41    0  30 

Copenhagen* 55  41 13 

Deme  rara(  Geo'  to  w  u  Lt )  6  49  20 

Denver,  Col.* 39  40  36 

Dublin,  Ireland* 53  23  13 

Edinburgh* -5.3  57  23 

Esquimault.  B.C. ,  Lt 48  25  40 

Father  Point, Que. ,  Lt...48  31  25 

Fayal,  Azores 38  32    9 

Fernandiua,  Fla 30  40  18 

Florence,  Ital.v* 43  46    4 

Funchal,  Madeira 32  38    4 

Galveston,  Tex .29  18  17 

Geneva,  Switzerland*. ..46  11  59 

Glasgow.  Scotland* 55  52  43 

GibralUr 36    6  30 

Greenwich,  Wm'^.  * 51  28 .38 

Halifax,  M.S 44  39  38 

Hamburg,  Ger.  * 53  33    7 

Hanover,  iST   H.* 43  4215 

Havana,  Cuba 23    9  21 

Hobart  Pown,  Tas 42  53  25 

Hong  Kong,  China* 22  1812 

Honolulu  ( Reef  Lt. ) 21 17  55 

Key  West,  Fla. ,  Lt 24  32  58 

Kingston,  Jam 17  57  41 

Lisbon,  Portugal* 38  42  31 

laverpool* 53  24   5 

•  OfeServfttorieS.  Lt. 


H.  M.  S, 

N-. 

6  39  41. 8  W, 

s. 

9  14  20. 3  K. 

N. 

2  59  55. 8  E. 

N. 

4  55  6. 8  W. 

N, 

0  12  11. 4  E. 

N. 

5  20  2. 9  W^ 

N. 

1  59  26. 7  E. 

N. 

4  50  4. 7  W. 

x^. 

5  34  55.  2  \V^. 

N. 

5  5  56.5\V. 

s.  ■ 

LI  54  52. 3  E. 

s.  ■ 

LI  26  59. 7  PL 

X. 

2  42  14. 0  E. 

N, 

0  26  35. 4  \Y, 

N. 

5  19  39. 0  \V. 

N. 

8  15  18. 8  W. 

N. 

134  54.9E. 

N. 

11  32  49.  6  E. 

S. 

2  34  8. 4  \Y. 

X. 

5  6  26. 0  \V. 

a 

7  7  13.  7  1*:. 

N". 

5  52  46.  7  \Y. 

N. 

3  41  29. 5  \V. 

^r. 

0  53  34. 9  E. 

iN". 

4  19  18. 3  W. 

N-. 

4  51 15. 7  E. 

N^. 

0  28  23. 3  E. 

N. 

0  2  5.  4  \Y. 

iST, 

4  44  15. 3  \V. 

N". 

3  .58  29. 3  \Y. 

N. 

0  17  28.  6  E. 

S. 

3  53  28. 9  W. 

N-. 

5  53  20.  7  E. 

S. 

5  9  3. 0  \V. 

N. 

0  0  22.7E. 

N„ 

4  44  31. 0  \V. 

X. 

7  -.Vi  46. 3  1*]. 

N. 

4  40  14. 6  \V. 

N. 

5  2  5. 0  \\\ 

N. 

5  4  2. 0  \Y. 

.S. 

4  29  5.0\V. 

N". 

4  59  50.  7  W. 

S. 

1  13  58. 0  lO. 

X. 

LI  11  56.  8  \V. 

N. 

5 19  32. 0  W. 

N. 

4  12  27. 5  W. 

>T. 

0  6  32.5\Y. 

jsr. 

5  50  26.  7  \V. 

r«T. 

0  42  53. 8  v.. 

isr. 

5  37  41. 3  \V. 

X. 

5  137.4\V. 

N-. 

5  19  21. 9  10. 

N. 

1  56  3.  7  E. 

N^. 

0  50  18. 8  E. 

N-. 

3  .52  46. 0  \V. 

N". 

6  59  47. 6  \Y. 

N. 

0  25  21. 1  \Y. 

?^. 

0  12  43. 1  \V. 

N, 

8  13  47. 1  \Y. 

N. 

4  33  49.  2  W. 

^r. 

1  54  16.  0  \Y. 

N". 

5  25  51. 1  W. 

N. 

0  45  1.  5  !<:. 

N'. 

1  7  35. 6  \Y. 

N". 

6  19  9.7\V.- 

rsr. 

0  24  .36.  8  15. 

NT. 

0  1710.6  \V. 

N-. 

0  21  23. 3  \\^ 

?f. 

0  0  0. 0  - 

N. 

4  14  21. 1  W. 

N. 

0  .39  53. 8  E. 

N-. 

4  49  7. 9  \Y. 

N. 

5  29  26. 0  \Y. 

S. 

9  49  20. 5  E. 

N, 

7  36  41. 9  E. 

N. 

10;;i28.0  \V. 

N". 

5  27  12. 3  \Y. 

N. 

5  710.7\Y. 

N. 

0  36  44. 7  \V. 

N, 

01217.3W. 

Madison,  Wis.* 43    437 

Madras,  India* 13    4    8 

Madrid, Spain* 40  24  30 

Manila,   Lt 14  35  25 

Marseilles* 43  18  18 

Melbourne,  Vic* 37  49  53 

Mexico  (city)* 19  26    2 

Monrovia,  Liberia 6  19    5 

Montreal,  Que.  * 45  30  17 

Moscow* 55  45  20 

Mount  Hamilton, C'al.  *  37  20  24 

Munich* 48    8  45 

Nain,  Labrador 56  32  51 

Naples*  40  51  46 


Nashville,  Tenn. 


36 


8  54 

Nassau,  Bahamas 25    5  37 

Natal,  .S.  Africa* 29  50  47 

New  Haven, Ct.* 4118  36 

New  Orleans  (Mint) 29  57  46 

New  York  (Col u.  Col.  )*  40  45  23 

Nice,  France* 43  43  17 

Norfolk,  Va.  (Navy  Yd)  36  49  33 

North  Cape ; 71 11    0 

xVorthfield,  Minn.* 44  27  42 

Odessa,  Russia* 46  28  37 

Ogden,  Utah* 41 13    8 

Oxford,  Eng.  (Univ.  )*...51  45  34 

Panama,  Colombia 8  57    6 

Para,  Brazil 126  59 

Paris,  France* 48  50  12 

Pensacola,  Fla. ,  Lt 30  20  47 

Pernambuco,  Brazil,  Lt.   8    3  22 
Port  an  Prince.  IIayti...l8  3:J'54 

Philadelphia,  Pa.* 39  57    7 

Point  Barrowt 71  27    0 

Portland,  Me 43  39  28 

Port  Louis,  Mauritius. ..2<)    8  46 

Port  Said,  Egvpt.Lt 31  15  45 

Port  Spain,  Trinidad 10  38  39 

P.  Stanley,  Falkland  Is.  51  41 10 

Prague,  Bohemia* 50    519 

Princeton,  N.  J.* 40  20.58 

Providence,  R.I.* 41  49  46 

Quebec,  Que.  * 46  47  59 

Richmond,  Va 37  32  16 

Rio  de  Janeiro* 22  54  24 

Rochester,  N.Y.* 43    917 

Rome,  Italy* 41 .53  54 

Saigon,  Cochin-China*..10  46  47 

San  Diego,  Cal 32  43    6 

Sandy  Hook,N.  J.  ,Lt...40  27  40 

San  Francisco,  Ca.1.* 37  47  28 

San  .luan  de  Porto  Rico_18  28  56 

Santiago  de  Cuba 20    0  16 

Savannah,  Ga 32    4  52 

Seattle,  Wash 47  35  54 

Shanghai.  China 31 14  42 

Singapore,  India 1 17  11 

St.  Helena  Island 15  55    0 

St.  John' s,  Newfo'  land..4'  34    2 

St.  Louis,  Mo.» .38  38    4 

St.  Petersburg,  Russia*..59  56  30 

Stockholm* 59  20  33 

Suakim,E.  Africa,  Lt 19    7    0 

Sydney,  N.  S.  W.* 33  51  41 

Tokio,  Japan* 35  39  17 

Tunis  (Goletta  Lt. ) 36  48  36 

Utrecht, Netherlands*.. .52    5  10 

Valparaiso,  Chile 33    1  53 

Venice,  Italy* 45  26  10 

Vera  Cruz,  Mex. ,  Lt 19  12  29 

Victoria,  B.  C. ,  Lt 48  25  26 

Vienna,  Austria* 48  13  55 

Warsaw,  Russia* 52  13    6 

Wasliington,  D.  C.  * 38  55  15 

Wellington,  N.Z.* 4118    1 

West  Point,  N.  Y. » 41  23  22 

Williamstown,  Mass.*.  42  42  30 

Yokohama,  Japan 35  26  24 

Zanzibar  (E.  Consulate)  6   9  4:3 


H.  M.    S. 

N.  5  57  37. 8  W. 

N.  5  20  59. 4  E. 

N,  0 14  45.  4  W. 

N.  8    3  50. 0  E. 

N.  0  21  34. 6  E. 

S.  9  39  54. 1  E, 

N.  6  SV,  26.  7  W. 

N.  0  43  1.5.  7  VV. 

N.  4  54  18.  7  W. 

N.  2  30 17. 2  E. 

N.  8    6  34. 1  W. 

N.  0  46  26. 1  E. 

N.  4    6  42. 7  VV. 

N.  0.57    1.8  E. 

N.  6  47  12. 0  W. 

N.  5    9  27. 8  \V, 

S.  2    4    1.2  E. 

N.  4  51  42. 1  W. 

N.  6    0  13.  9  W. 

N.  4  55  53, 6  W, 

N.  0  29  12. 2  E. 

N.  5    5 11. 0  W. 

N.  142  40,  0  E. 

N.  6 12  35. 8  \V, 

N.  2    3    2,  2  E. 

N.  7  27  59, 6  W. 

N.  0    5    0, 4  W. 

N.  518    8.8  W. 

S.  314    0.0  W, 

N.  0    9  20. 9  v.. 

N.  5  49  14. 1  W. 

S.  2  19  27. 8  W. 

N.  4  49  28. 0  W. 

N.  5    0  38.5W. 

N.  10  25    0.0  W. 

N.  4  41    1. 2  W. 

S.  3  49  57. 7  E. 

N.  2    915.5E. 

N.  4    6    2.5W. 

S.  3  5126.0W. 

N.  O  57  40. 3  E. 

N.  4  58  37. 5  W, 

N.  4 -45  37. 5  W. 

N.  4  44  52. 6  W. 

N.  5    9  44.0W. 

S.  2.52  41.  4  W. 

N.  5 10  21. 8  W. 

N.  0  49  55.6  E. 

N.  7    6  48.7E. 

N.  7  48  38. 7  W. 

N.  4  56    0, 6  W. 

N.  8    9  42, 8  W. 

N.  4  24  29, 8  W. 

N.  5    3  22.0W. 

N.  5  24  21.  7  W. 

N.  8    919.9W. 

N.  8    5  55.  7  K. 

N.  6,55  25.()E. 

S.  0  22  52.  0  W. 

N.  3  30  43. 6  W. 

N.  6    0  49. 1  W. 

N.  2    1  13.  5  E. 

N.  112  14.0  E. 

N.  2  29  16,  6  E. 

S.  10    4  49.5E. 

N.  9  18  58. 0  E. 

N.  0  4114.5E. 

N.  0  2()31.7E. 

S.  4  46  34. 8  W. 

N.  0  49  22.1  E. 

N.  6  24  31.  8  W. 

N,  8  13  33. 8  W. 

N.  1    5  21,5E. 

N.  124    7.4E. 

N.  5    8  1.5. 7  W, 

S.  1139    6.5E. 

N  4. 55 .50. 6  W. 

N.  4  52  5().4W. 

N.  0  18  36.9E. 

S.  2  36  44. 7  SL 


cteaotea  a  lig^ht*  house. 


t  Highest  latitude  !a  U.  8.  tsrritory. 


148  Height  and   Weight  of  Men. 

maces  oC  JHanttintr, 

The  following  is  compiled  from  tlie  arrange nient  bj'  Ethnologist  Figuier  and  others: 

WHITK   RACK. 

f  Teutonic  Familj' Scandinavians,  Germans,  English. 

TTii  r^  cs  n      I  Latin  Family French,  Spaniards,  Italians.  Moldo-Wallachians. 

Ti..,  %?if       K  Slavonian  Family Russians,     Finns,     Bulgarians,    Servians,   Magyars,    Croatg, 

jjiaucu.       j  Tchecks.  Poles,  Lithuanians. 

I  Greek  Farailv Greeks,  Albanians. 

I  Libyan  Familv Egyptians,  Berbers. 

Ar-inipan      I  Semitic  Family Arabs,  Jews,  Syrians  .  ^      .. 

K -a  1 'h        \  Persian  Family .'.Persians,  Atghaus,  Kurds.  Armenians,  Ossetines. 

liiancu.       j  Qeorgiau  Familj' Georgians. 

L  Circassian  Family Circassians,  Mingrelians. 

YKLLOW   BACK. 

Hyperborean  C  Lapp  Family Samoiede,  Kamtsehadale,  Esquimau,  Tenissian,  Jukaghirlte, 

Branch.       \  and  Koriak  Families. 

I  Mongol  Family Mongols,  Kalmucks,  Buriats. 
Timguse  Family Tunguses,  Manchus. 
Turk  Family Turcomans,  Kirghis,  Nogays,  Osmanlis. 
Yakut  Family Yakuts. 

Sinai<»         (  Chinese  Family Chinese. 

Minn  Ah        \  .T'lpauese  Family Japanese. 

.oiaucu.       ^  Indo-Chinese  Familj'.. Burmese,  Siamese. 

BROWN    R.4CE. 

Hindoo       /  Hindoo  Family Sikhs,  Jats,  Rajpoots,  Mahrattas,  Bengalese,  Cingalese. 

Branch.       \  Malabar  Family Malabars,  Tamals,  Telingas. 

Ethiopian     /  Abj'ssinian  Family Abj'ssiniaus,  Berabras,  Gallas. 

Branch.       \  Fellan  Family Fellans. 

f  Malay  Family Malays,  Javanese,  Battas,  Bougis,  Maccassars,  Dj'aks, Togals. 

Malay        1  Polynesian  Family Maoris,  Tongas,  Tahitiaus,  Pomotouans,  Marquesans,  Saud- 

Branch.        j  wichians. 

t  Micronesian  Family... .Ladrone,  Caroline,  and  Mulgrave  Islanders. 

RED   RACK. 

««niit>i<^rn      (  And ian  Family Quichuas  (orlncas).  Antis,  Andians,  Araucanians. 

^ran!^h         \  Fampeau  Family Patagonians,  Puelches,  Charruas,  Tobas,  Moxas,  Ablpous,etc. 

.orancu.        ^  Guarani  Family Guaranis,  Bocotudos. 

i  Southern  Family Aztecs,  Mayas,  Lencas,  Othomis,  Tarascas,  etc. 
Northeastern  Family.. Cherokees,  Hurons,  Iroquois,  Sioux,  Apaches,  Comanches, 
Creeks,  etc. 
Northwestern  Family. Chinooks,  Digger  Indians,  Nootkaus,  etc 

BLACK  RACE. 

Western  C  Caffre  Familj' 

Brlnch  \  liottentot  Family 

.urancn.  ^  Negro  Familj' 

Eastern  (  Papuan  Family Fijians,  New  Caledonians,  eta 

Branch  \  Andaman  Farnily Andamans,  Australians. 


il^eifiijt  antr  smcififtt  of  J^nu 

Table  OF  Average  Height  .a.nd  Weight  of  Males,  Based  on  Analysls  of  74,162  Acceptbd 

Applicants  for  Life  Insurance  as  Reported  to  tke  Association 

OF  Life  Insurance  Medical  Directors. 


Height. 

Age. 
15-24 

Age. 
25-29 

Pounds. 

125 
126 
128 
131 
135 
138 
142 
147 
151 
155 
159 
164 
170 
177 
184 
190 

Age. 
30-34 

Age. 
35-39 

Age. 
40-44 

Age. 

45-49 
Pounds. 
134 
136 
138 
141 
144 
147 
151 
156 
161 
166 
171 
177 
183 
1S9 
196 
204 

Age. 
50-54 

Ajje. 
55-59 

At:e. 
60-64 

Age. 
65-69 

5  feet 

Pounds. 
120 
122 
124 
127 
131 
134 
138 
142 
146 
150 
154 
159 
165 
170 
176 
181 

Pounds. 
128 
129 
131 
134 
138 
141 
145 
150 
154 
159 
164 
169 
175 
181 
188 
195 

PoiinMs. 
131 
131 
133 
136 
140 
143 
147 
152 
157 
162 
167 
173 
179 
185 
192 
200 

Pounds. 
■133 
134 
136 
139 
143 
146 
150 
1.55 
160 
165 
170 
175 
180 
186 
194 
203 

Pounds. 

134 
136 
138 
141 
145 
149 
153 
158 
163 
1(57 
172 
177 
182 
188 
194 
201 

Pounds. 

134 
136 
138 
141 
145 
149 
153 
158 
1()3 

it;8 
173 
178 
183 
189 
194 
198 

Poutnls. 

131 
134 
137 
140 
144 
148 
153 
1.58 
163 
168 
174 
180 
185 
189 
192 

Poundj. 

fi  feet  1  inch 

6  feet  2  inches... 

5  feet  3  inches 

140 

5  feet  4  inches 

5  feet  5  inches 

143 

147 

5  feet  6  inches 

151 

5  feet  7  inches 

156 

5  feet  8  inches 

162 

5  feet  9  inches 

168 

5  feet  10  inches 

J'74 

5  feet  11  inches 

180 

6  feet  

185 

6  feet  1  inch 

189 

6  feet  2  incbes 

192 

6  feet  3  inches....; 

A  Heigbt  and  Weight  Table  compiled  by  a  Committee  of  the  Medical  Section  of  the  National 
Fraternal  congress,  1000,  which  is  the  anaij'sis  of  133,940  applications  of  selected  risks,  in  a  few 
instances  ditTered  very  slightly  from  the  above. 

HEIGHT  AND  WEIGHT  OF  WOMEN. 

The  following  table  gives  the  relative  height  and  weight  of  women,  all  ages.  The  weight  of 
ordinary  clothing,  however,  is  included: 


Height.  Average. 

5  feet 115 

5  feet  1  inch 120 

5  feet  2  inches 125 

fe  feet  3  inches 130 

5  feet  4  inches  ..........  135 

5  feet  5  inches  ..........  140 


lini* 

Maxi- 

num. 

mum. 

98 

132 

102 

138 

106 

144 

111 

150 

115 

155 

119 

161 

VSl 

\m 

Height.  ,       Average. 

5  feet  7  inches 146 

5  feet  8  inches 148 

5  feet  9  inches 155 

5  feet  10  inches 160 

5  feet  11  inches 165 

9  i.QQt> ,  aiKa***!****    47J 


Mini- 

mum. 

123 

126 

131 

136 

138 


Mazi- 
Dium. 
167 
170 
179 
184 
190 
196 


Metric  Systenic 


149 


The  Metric  System  has  been  adopted  by  Mexico,  Brazil.  Chile,  Peru,  etc.,  and  except  Tlnssia 
and  Great  Britain,  where  it  is  permissive,  by  all  European  nations.  Various  names  of  the  precediner 
systems  are.  however,  frequentlv  used  :  In  Germany,  }^  Icilosjraiu  =  1  pound;  in  .Switzerland.  3-10 
of  a  metre  =  1  foot.  etc.  If  the  first  letters  of  the  prefixes  tte^a.  hrcln.  kiln,  mi/ria,  from  the  Greek, 
and  deci,ceiUi,mUi,  froiu  the  Latin,  are  used  in  preference  to  our  plain  Eu£flish,  lO,  100,  etc. .  it  is  best 
to  employ  capital  letters  for  tlie  multiples  and  small  letters  for  tue  suIkII  visions,  to  avoid  ambiguities 
in  abbreviations :  1  dekametre  or  10  metres  =  1  Dm.  ;  1  decimetre  or  1-10  of  a  metre  •=  1  dm. 

TheMKTRE,  unit  of  length,  is  nearly  the  ten-millionth  part  of  a  quadrant  of  a  meridian,  of  the 
distance  between  Equator  and  Pole.  The  International  Standard  Metre  Js,  practically,  nothina:  else 
but  a  length  defined  by  the  distance  between  two  lines  on  a  platinum-iridium  bar  at  0°  Centigrade, 
deposited  at  the  International  Bureau  of  Weights  and  Measures,  Paris,  France. 

The  Litre,  unit  of  capacity,  is  derived  from  the  weight  of  one  kilogram  pure  water  at  greatest 
density,  a  cube  whose  edge  is  oue-teuth  of  a  metre  and,  therefore,  the  one- thousandth  part  of  a 
metric  ton. 

The  Gram,  unit  of  weight,  Is  a  cube  of  pure  water  at  greatest  density,  whose  edge  is  one-hundredth 
of  a  metre,  and,  therefore,  the  one- thousandth  part  of  a  kilogram,  and  the  one-millionth  part  of  a 
metric  ton. 


The  Metric  System  was  legalized  in  the  United  States  on  July  28,  1866,  when  Congress  enacted  as 
follows : 

"The  tables  in  the  schedule  hereto  annexed  shall  be  recognized  in  the  construction  of  contracts, 
and  in  all  legal  proceedings,  as  establishing,  in  terms  of  the  weights  and  measures  now  in  use  in  the 
United  States,  the  equivalents  of  the  weights  and  measures  e.xpressed  therein  in  terms  of  the  metric 
system,  and  the  tables  ma.v  lawfully  be  used  for  computing,  determining,  and  expressing  in  custom- 
ary weights  and  measures  the  weights  and  measures  of  the  metric  system,  " 

The  following  are  the  tables  annexed  to  the  above; 

Measures  of  Length. 


Metric  Denominations  and  Values. 

Equivalents  in  Denominations  in  Use. 

Mjrriametre 

Kilometre 

Hectometre 

10,000  metres. 

1,000  metres. 

,                 100  metres. 

6.2137    miles. 

0.62137  mile.  or3,280feet  lOinchM. 
328              feet  1  inch. 

Dekametre 

10  metres. 

393  7          Inches, 

Metre 

1  metre. 

39.37        inches. 

Decimetre 

1-10  of  a  metre. 

Z.9o''t       inches. 

Centimetre 

Millimetre 

1-100  of  a  metre, 

1-1000  of  a  metre. 

0.3937    inch. 
0. 0394    inch. 

Measures  of  Subfack. 


Metric  Denominations  and  Values. 


Hectare » 10,000  square  metres. 

Are 100  square  metres. 

Centare 1  square  metre. 


Equivalents  In  Denominations  in  Use. 


2.471  acres. 
119. 6      square  yards. 
1,550  square  inches. 


Measures  of  Capacity. 


Metric  Denomixatioxs  axd  Values. 

Equivalexts  IX  Dexomixatioxs  IX  Use. 

Names. 

Num- 
ber of 
Litres. 

Cubic  Measure. 

Dry  Measure. 

Liquid  or  Wine  Measure. 

Kilolitre  or  stere 

1,000 

100 

10 

1 

1-10 

1-100 

1-1000 

1  cubic  metre 

1-10  of  a  cubic  metre 

10  cubic  decimetres  

1  308  cubic  vards 

264.17      gallons. 

26.417    gallons. 

2  6417  g-allons 

Hectolitre 

2  hush,  and  3.35  pecks... 

9.  08  quarts 

0  90S  quart 

Dekalitre 

Litre „ 

1  cubic  decimetre 

1-10  of  a  cubic  decimetre. 
10  cubic  centimetres 

1.  Q'yQl  quarts. 

Decilitre 

6  1022  cubic  inches 

0  845    gill 

Centilitre 

0  6102  cubic  inch 

0  338    fluid  ounce 

Millilitre  ,.._.„ 

1  cubic  centimetre 

0  061  cubic  inch 

0  27      fluid  dram. 

mo 


Jfetric  System, 


IMETRIC  SYSTEM— ConWnjteff. 


WEIGHTS. 


Metric  Dexomihtatioxs  and  Values. 


Names, 


Miller  or  tonneau 

Qiiiiual 

M.vriagram 

Kilosrani  or  kilo 

Hectogram 

Dekagram 

Gram _ 

Deoigram 

Centigram 

Milligram 


Number 

of 
G  rams. 


1,000.000 

101).  000 

30.000 

1,000 

100 

10 

1 

1-10 

1  100 

1-1000 


Weight  of  What  Quantity  of  Water 
at  Maximum  Density. 


1  oubic  inetre 

1  hectolitre 

10  lit  res 

1  litre 

1  decilitre 

10  cubic  centimetres 

1  cubic  centimetre 

1-10  of  a  cubic  centimetre 

10  cubic  millimetres 

]  cubic  millimetre 


Equivai-ents  in  De- 
nominations IX  USK. 


Avoirdupois  Weight. 


2204. 6 
220. 46 

22. 046 
2. 2046 
3. 5274 
0. 3527 

15.432 
1.54:^2 
0. 1543 
0.0154 


potmd."?. 

pounds. 

pounds. 

pounds. 

ounces. 

ounce. 

grains. 

grains. 

grain. 

grain. 


TABLES  FOR  THE  CONVERSION  OF  METRIC  WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES  INTO 

CUSTOMARY  UNITED  STATES  EQUIVALENTS  AND  THE  REVERSE. 

From  the  legal  equivalents  are  deduced  the  following  tables  for  converting  United  States  weights 
and  measures: 


jMETRIC  TO  CUSTOM.A.RY, 


CUSTOMARY  TO  METRIC. 


Linear  Measi'rr. 


iUe- 

tres=^T)]x. 
1=  39.37 
2=  78.74 
3=118. 1  i 
4=157.48 
6=196.85 
6=236. 22 
7=275. 59 
8=314.96 
9-354. 33 


]\re!rps=Fert. 

1=  3.28083 

2=  6.56167 

3=  9.84250 

I  4=13. 12333 

15=16.40417 

I  6=19. 68500 

I  7=22. 96583 

:  8=26. 24667 

9=29. 52750 


\tres—Yar(l!i. 
I  1=1.093611 
I  2=2. 187222 
3=3. 280833 
4=4. 374444 
5=5.  468056 
6=6.561667 
7=7.655278 
8=8.  748989 
9=9.  842500 


■Kiloiae- 

tres^  Miles. 
1=0. 62137 
2=1.  24274 
3=1.86411 
4=2. 48548 
5=3. 10685 
6=3.  72822 
7=4.34959 
8=4. 97096 
9=5.  59233 


Ins.  =Ven- 
timetres 
1=  2.54 
2=  5.08 
3=  7.62 
4=10. 16 
5=12.70 
6=15.24 
7=17. 78 
8=20. 32 
9_22.  86 


Ffet=2retrps. 
1=0.304801 
2=0.  609601 
3=0.  914402 
4=1.219202 
5=1.524003 
6=1.828804 
7=2. 133004 
8=2.438405 
9=2.  743205 


Yards  ■=  J/e- 
tres. 
1=0.914402 
2=1. 828804 
3=2.  743205 
4=3. 657e!07 
5=4. 572009 
6=5.486411 
7=6. 400813 
8=7.  315215 
9=8. 229616 


MU€s=  Kilo- 
metres. 
1.60935 
3.21869 
4.  82804 
6. 43739 
8.  04674 
9. 65<>08 
7=11.26543 
8=12.87478 
9=14.48413 


1  = 
2= 
3= 
4= 
5= 
6_ 


Sqcark  Measure. 

to 

11   I'l 

J5    60           l» 

c 

]_0. 155 

1-10. 764 

1_  1.196 

2-0. 3  lO 

2=21. 528 

2_  2.392  , 

3_0.  465 

3=3'i.  292 

3_  3.588 

4-0. 620 

4_43. 055 

4=  4.784 

5-0.  775 

5-53.  819 

5=  5.980 

6_0.  930 

6_64. 583 

6-  7.176 

7-1. 085 

7-75. 347 

7-  8.372 

8_1.  240 

8_80.111 

8-  9.508 

9=1.  395 

9-96.  874 

9=10.  764 

Cubic  Measure. 


Square  Measure. 


;=^"-c| 


«- 


J3  to 


1=  35.314 
2=  70.<;2;» 
3=105. 943 
4=141.  258 
5=176.572 
6=211.  887 
7=247.  201 
8=282.516 
9=31 7.  S30 


1=0.  02832 
2=0. 0566;i 
3=0. 08495 
4=0.11327 
6=0. 14159 
6=0. 16990 
7=0.19822 
8=0. 22»;54 
9=0.  25485 


1=  6.452 
2=12.903 
3=19.  354 
4=25. 806 
5=32.  '257 
6=38.  709 
7=45. 160 
8=51.612 
9=58.  063 


<:<i 


c?^ 


1=0. 09290 
2=0. 185«1 
3=0.  27871 
4=0.37161 
5=0.  4(i452 
6=0.  55742 
7=0. 65032 
8=0.  74323 
9=0.83613 


!i5  to 


£  -—£.3 


1=0. 836 
2=1.672 
3=2. 508 
4=3.344 
5=4. 181 
6=5. 017 
7=5. 853 
8=6.  689 
9=7.  525 


Liquid  Measure. 


"» 

^    >-  ?= 


1=0.338 
2=0. 676 
3=1. 014 
4=1.  352 
5=1.  691 
6=2. 028 
7=2. 367 
8=2. 705 
9=3.043 


1=1.05^:7 
2=2.1134 
3=3.1700 
4=4.  2267 
5=5.  2834 
6=6. 3401 
7=7.  3968 
8=8.4534 
9=9. 5101 


1=0.26417 
2=0.528:54 
3=0.  79251 
4=1.05668 
5=1.32085 
6=1.  58502 
7=1.84919 
8=2.11336 
9=2.3775:i 


Dry  Mi 

<:asurk 

Liquid  Measure. 

►^1 

^?    1 

•5            • 

1=1 

1=  2.8377 
2=  6.6754 
3=  8.  .5132 
4=11.3509 
5=14.1887 
6=17.0264 
7=i9.!S642 
8=22.  7019 
9=25. 5396 

1=0.35239 
2=0.70479 
3=1.05718  1 
4=1.  40957  1 
5=1.  76196 
H='2. 11436 
7=2.46675 
8=2.81914  1 
9=3. 17154  I 

1=  2.957 
2=  6.914 

3=  8.872 
•  4=11.829 
'  5=14.786 

6=17.744 
'  7=20.701 

8-23.659 

9=26.616 

1=0.94636 
2=1. 89272 
3=2. 8:i908 
4=3.  78544 
6=4.  73180 
6=5. 67816 
7=6. 62452 
8=7.57088 
9=8.51724 

1=,  3.78543 
2=  7.57087 
3=11. 35630 
4=15. 14174 
5=18.92717 
6=22.  71261 
7-26. 49804 
8_3a  28848 
9=34. 06891 

Minimum,    Weights  of  Produce. 


151 


METRIC  SY^TY^M— Continued. 


Weight  (Avoirdupois). 


^i  1 

an 

.2        ^t 

|2-    2-2 

Grains 
11 

Centi- 
grams. 

p  1 

Oth        (Is 

Av'd'ps 

Kilo- 
grams. 

Long 
Tons 

II 

Metric 

Tons. 

1=0. 1543 
2=0.3086 
3=0.  4630 
4=0. 6173 
6=0.  7716 
6=0. 9259 
7=1.0803 
8=1. 2346 
9=1. 3889 

1=.  35.274 
2=  70.548 
3=105. 822 
4=141.  096 
5=176.370 
6=211.644 
7=246.  918 
8=282. 19'4 
9=317. 466 

1=  2.  20462    1=0.  9842 
2=  4.  40924  '  2=1. 9684  i 
3=  6.61386    3=2.9526  , 
4=   8.  81849    4=3.  9368  , 
5-11.  02311    5=4.  9210  ' 
6=13.22773    6^5.9052 
7-15.43235    7=6.8894 
8-17.63697    8=7.8736 
9=19.84159    9-8.8578 

1  1=  6.4799 
2-12.9598 

'   3-19.4397 

,  4=25.9196 
5=32.3995 
6=38.  8793 

;  7=45.3592 
8=51.8391 
9=58.3190 

1=  28.3495     1=0.45359 
2=  56.6991    2=0.90719 
3=  85.0486    3=1.36078 
4=113.3981     4=1.81437 
5-141.7476    5-2.26796 
6=170.0972    6=2.72156 
7=198.  4467    7=3. 17515 
8=226.7962    8=3.62874 
9=255.1457    9=4.08233 

1=1.0161 
2=2.0321 
.3=3.  0482 
4=4.0642 
5-5.0803 
6-6.0963 
7=7.1124 
8=8. 1284 
9=9, 1445 

THE    IVIETRIC    SYSTEM    SIMPLIFIED. 

The  following  tables  of  the  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  have  been  simplified  as  much 
as  possible  for  The  Worlo  At,m.\x.ac  by  omitting  such  denominations  as  are  not  ia  practical, 
everyday  use  in  the  countries  where  the  system  is  used  exclusively. 

TABLES  OF  THE  SYSTEM. 

Licngth.— The  denominations  in  practical  use  are  millimetres  (mm. ),  centimetres  (cm. ),  metres 
(m.  ),  and  kilometres  (km. ). 

10  mm.  =  1  cm.  ;  100  cm.  =  1  m.  ;  1,000  m.  =  1  km.     Note.  —A  decimetre  is  10  cm. 

Weigrlit.— The  denomiuations  in  use  are  grams  (g. ),  liilos*  (kg.),  and  tons  (metric  tons), 

l.OOOg.  =lkg.  ;  1,000  kg.  =  1  metric  ton. 

("apacity.— The  denominations  in  use  are  cubic  centimetres  (c.  c. )  and  litres  (1.). 

1,000  c.c.  =  1 1.     Note. —A  hectolitre  is  100  1.  (seldom  used). 

Relation  of  capacity  and  weight  to  length:  A  cubic  decimetre  is  a  litre,  and  a  litre  of  water  weighs 
a  kilo. 

APPROXIMATE  EQUIVALENTS. 

A  metre  is  about  a  yard;  a  kilo  is  about  2  pounds;  a  litre  is  atxjut  a  quart;  a  centimetre  is  about 
J4  inch ;  a  metric  ton  is  about  .same  as  a  ton ;  a  kilometre  is  about  %  mile ;  a  cubic  centimetre  is  about  a 
thimbleful ;  a  nickel  weighs  about  5  grams. 


PRECISE  EQUIVALENTS. 


1  acre =       .40 

1  bushel •=  33 

1  centimetre =       .39 

lcubiccentimetre=       .OGl 

1  cubic  foot =       .0:^8 

1  cubic  inch =^  1  (> 

Icubic   metre =  35 

1  cubic  metre •=     1.3 

Icubic  yard =       .76 

Ifoot =  30 

1  gallon =    3.8 

1  grain =.      .065 

Igram =  15 

1  liectar =    2.5 

1  inch =  25 

Ikilo =.    2.2 

1  kilometre- »       .62 

1  litre —       .91 

1  litre =-    l.l 

1  metre =»    3.3 


hectar 4047 

litres 35.24 

inch 3937 

cubic  inch...  .0610 
cubic  metre.  .0283 
cubic  cent.  1 16. 39 

cubic  feet 35.31 

cubic  j'ards...  1.308 
cubic  metre...   .7645 
centimetres  30.48 

litres 3.7a5 

gram 0648 

grains 15.43 

acres.., 2.471 

millimetres.  25. 40 

pounds 2.205 

mile 6214 

quart  (dr.v)...     .9081 
quarts  (liq'd)  1.057 
feet 3.281 


1  mile = 

1  millimetre- = 

1  ounce  (av'd)...  = 
1  ounce  (Troy)...= 

1  peck = 

1  pint = 

1  pound = 

1  quart  (dry) = 

1  quart  (liquid)..  = 
Isq.  centimetre.  = 

foot .= 

inch == 

metre = 

metre = 

yard =» 

1  ton  (2. 000  lbs.  )  =» 
ltou(2,2401bs.)=. 

1  ton  (metric) =» 

Iton  (metric) =» 

lyard =» 


Isq. 
Isq. 
Isq. 
Isq. 
Isq. 


1.6  kilometres 1.609 

,039  inch 0394 

2S  grams 28. 35 

31  grams 31.10 

8.8  litres 8.809 

.47  litre 4732 

.45  kilo 4.-,36 

1.1  litres 1.101 

.95  litre 9464 

.3  5  sq.   inch 1550 

.(}93sq.  metre 0929 

6.5  sq.   c'timetr's.    6.452 

1.2  sq.    yards 1.196 

11  sq.  leet 10.76 

.84  sq.  metre h361 

.91  metric    ton 9072 

1  metric  ton 1.017 

l.l  ton  (2. 000  lbs.  )  1. 102 

.98  ton  (2, 240  lbs. )    .9842 

«    .91  metre 9144 


•  Contractioa  for  kilogram,    t  Centimetres, 


plinitttum  (!MtiQi)tn  of  protntce. 

The  following  are  minimum  weights  of  certain  articles  of  produce  according  to  the  laws  of  the 
United  States ; 


Per  Bushel. 

Wheat 60  lbs. 

Corn,  in  the  ear 70    " 

Corn,  shelled 56    " 

Rye 56    " 

Buckwheat 48    * ' 

Barley „ 48    " 

Oats 32    " 

p^Qg ^ ^^^  gQ       »t 

White   BeansV.\'.'.*.".".*.*.'.'.".".'."!;60    '  * 
Castor  Beans 46    '* 


Per  Bushel. 

White  Potatoes 60  lbs. 

Sweet  Potatoes 55    " 

Onions .57     ** 

Turnips 55    " 

Dried   Peaches 33    " 

Dried  Apples 26    " 

Clover  Seed 60    " 

Flax  Seed 56    *' 

MUlet  Seed 50    " 


Per  Bushel. 

Hungarian  Grass  Seed 50  lbs. 

Timothy  Seed 45    " 

BlueGra.ss  seed 44    " 

Hemp  Seed 44    '* 

Salt  (see  note  below). 

Corn  Meal 48    " 

Ground  Peas 24    " 

Malt 34     •' 

Bran 20    " 


Salt.— Weight  per  bushel  as  adopted  by  different  States  ranges  from  50  to  80  pounds  Coarse  salt 
in  Pennsylvania  is  reckoned  at  80  pounds,  and  iii  Illinois  at  50  pounds  per  bushel.  Fine  salt  in  Penn- 
^Ivania  is  reckoned  at  62  pounds,  in  Kentucky  and  Illinois  at  55  pounds  per  bushel. 


152 


Domestic    'Weights  and  Measures. 


J^casiirrs  antr  SMcfgljts  of  ^rcat  3SritaCm 

The  moa-suresof  length  and  the  weights  are  nearly,  iiractically,  the  same  as  those  in  use  In  the 
United  States.  The  English  ton  is  2.J4(>  lbs.  avoirdupois,  the  same  as  the  long  ton,  or  shipping  ton 
of  the  United  States.  The  English  hundredweight  is  112  lbs.  avoirdupois,  the  same  as  the  long 
hundredweight  of  the  United  states.  The  metre  has  been  legalized  at  39. 37079  inches,  but  the  length 
of  39. 370432  inches,  as  adopted  by  France.  Germany,  Belgiimi,  and  Russia,  is  frequently  used. 

The  Imperial  gallon,  the  basis  of  the  system  of  capacity,  involves  an  error  of  about  1  part  in  1,836: 
10 lbs.  of  water  =  277  123  cubic  inches. 

The  English  statute  mile  is  1,760  yards  or  5,280  feet. 

mii:asures  of  capacity. 


Namkh. 

Pounds  of 
Water. 

1.25 

2.5 

6 

10, 

20    1      £ 

80     s  b  = 
320       qi" 

640   j^a 

Cubic  Inches. 

Litres. 

United  States 
Equivalents. 

4&:ills        "=  1  piut 

34. 66 

69.32 

138.64 

277. 27 

554. 55 

2218. 19 

8S72. 77 

17745. 54 

0.56793 

1. 135S6 

2.27173 

4. 54346 

9. 0S692 

36. 34766 

14.5.39062 

290. 7S13 

1.  2tK)o2  1  iqu id  pi  n  ts. 
1.20032     ^'      quarts. 
2.40064      •♦ 
1  20(^)32     "      gallons. 

2  pints       ■=  1  quart , 

2  quarts    =  1  pottle 

2  nottles   «=  1  "■allou 

2  2'allons  =  1  neck  

1  03152  dry  peck. s. 

4  pecks     "=>  1  3ushel 

1.03152    "    bushels. 

4  bushels  =  1  coomb 

2  coombs  ==  1  quarter.. 

4.12606    •' 
8.2521      '• 

A  cubic  fool  of  pure  gol<l  wei<^h8  1.210  pounds  ;  pure  silver,  655  pounds  ;  cast  iron,  450  pouoiU  ;  copper,  550  pounds  ;   lead. 
710  pounds  ;  i>ui'e  platinum,  l,2i'0  ponmls ;  tin,  456  pounds  ;    aliiniinum,  Ui3  pounds. 


HSomcsttc  SSlcigljts  antr  JHrasurcs. 


1  scruple;    3  scruples « 


1  dram;   8  drams«^l ounce;  12 
1  ounce;  16  ounces -=  1 


Apotliccarles*  Weight:  20  grains 
ounces  =  1  pomuU 

Avoirdupois  WoSglit  (short  ton):  27  11-32  grains -=1  dram;  16  drams 
pound;  2.5  pounds=  1  (juarter;  4quarters='  1  cwt.  ;  20  cwl.  =■  1  ton. 

Avoirdupois  VVeigiit  (long  ton):  2711-32  grains  =  1  dram;  16  drams— 1  ounce;  16ounce8  =  I 
pound;  112  pounds  =  1  cwt. ;  20  cwt.  ■=1  ton. 

Troy  Weight:  24grains  =  l  pennj'weight;  20  pennyweights  =  1  ounce;  12  ounces  •=  X  pound. 

Circular  Xlcasure:  OOsecouds  =•!  minute;  60  minutes  =  1  degree;  30  degrees  =  1  sign ;  12  signs 
«»1  circle  or  circumference 

Cubic  Measure:  1, 728  cubic  inches==l  cubic  foot;  27  cubic  feet —  I  cubic  yard. 

Dry  x>leasure:  2pint.s=l  quart;  8  quarts  =  1  peck;  4  pecks  =•  1  bushel. 

liiquid  illeasure:  4  giUs=l  piut;  2  piut3=»l  quart;  4  quarts «=1  gallon;  31 J^ gallons  —  1  barrel ; 
2  barrels  =.  1  hogshead. 

l.oiig  i>Ieasure:  12  inches  =  1  foot;  3  feet-=.l  yard;  5^  yards -=  1  rod  or  pole;  40  rods —  1  fur- 
long; 8  furlongs  =  1  statute  mile  (1,760  vards  or  5.280  feet) ;  3  miles«=neague. 

Mariner's  .Hea.'^ure:  6  feel=l  fathom;  1.0  fathoms  =  1  cable  length;  IM  cable  lengths -*  1 
mile;  5,280  feet-.  1  statute  mile;  6. 085  feet=  1  nautical  mile. 

Paper  Measure  s  24  sheets  —  1  quire;  20  quires  •=  1  ream  (480 sheets) ;  2  reams  -=  1  bundle;  5 
bundles  =  1  bale. 

Square  Pleasures  144  square  inches  =»1  square  foot;  9  square  feet-=  1  square  yard ;  30J<  square 
yards  =  1  square  rod  or  percii;  40  square  rods«=»  i  rood;  4  roods  —  1  acre;  640  acres  =•  1  square  mile; 
36  square  miles  (G  miles  square)  =»  1  township. 

Time  lUeasure:  60secouds  =  l  niiiutte;  60  minutes  =  1  hour;  24  hours •=»!  day;  7days  —  l 
week;  365  days=  1  year;  366  days  =  1  leap  year. 

MEDICAL  SIGNS  AND  ABBREVIATIONS. 
5  (I^t.  Recipe),  take;  aa,  of  each;  ft,  pound;  "%„  ounce;  3  .  drachm;  3.  scfuple;  TTl,  minim,  or 
drop;  O  or  o,  pint;  f  5,  fluid  ounce;  f  3  .  fluid  drachm;  as,  5  s.s,  half  an  ounce;  5i,oneounce:  |  iss, 
one  ounce  and  ahalf;  5  U.  two  ounces;  gr.,  grain;  Ci.  S. ,  as  much  assullicient;  Ft.  Mist.,  letami.x- 
ture  be  made;  Ft.  HausU  ,  let  a  draught  be  made,  Ad. ,  add  to.  Ad  lib. .  at  pleasure;  Aq. ,  water; 
M. ,  mix;  Mac.  macerate;  Pulv. ,  powder;  Pil. ,  pill;  Solv  .  dis.solve;  St.,  let  it  stand;  Sum.,  to  be 
taken;  D.,  dose;  Dil.,  dilute;  Filt.,  filler;  Lot.,  awash;  Garg..  agargle;  Hor.  Decub.,  at  bed  time; 
Inject.,  injection*  Gtt.,  drops:  ss,  one-half;  Ess.,  essence. 

TEXAS  LAND  MEASURE. 
(Also used  in  Mexico.  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  California,) 

26,000,000  square  varas  (square  of  5.099  varas)  =< 

1,000,000  square  vara;?  (square  of  1.000  varas)  = 

25.000,000  square  varas  (square  of  5,000  varas)  .= 

12,500.000  square  varas  (square  of  3,535.5  varas)  = 

8,333,333  square  varas  (square  of  2,886.7  varas)  = 

6,250,000  square  varas  (square  of  2.500  varas)  = 

7,225,600  square  varas  (square  of  2.688  varas) 

3.612,800  square  varas  (square  of  1.900.8  varas)  = 

1,806,400  square  varas  (square  of  1,344  varas)  ^ 

903,200  square  varas  (square  of     950.44  vara.s) 

451,600  square  varas  (square  of     672 

225.800 square  varas  (square  of     475 


1  labor 
1  leaguei 
1^  league 
\i  league 
\i  league 

1  section 
\^  section 
M  section 
varas)  =  }^  section 
varas)  =  1  16  section 


=.  4,605.5 

acres. 

=      177. 

136  acre.s. 

=  4,428.4 

acres. 

-=  2,214. 

2 

acres. 

=  1,476.13 

acres. 

-  1,107. 

1 

acres. 

=-  1.280 

acres. 

—      640 

acres. 

—       320 

acres. 

-      160 

acres. 

-         80 

acres. 

—         40 

acres. 

-           1 

acre. 

5.64.'>.376  square  vanis  (square  of       75.137  varas)  =  4,840  square  yards 
To  find  the  number  of  acres  in  any  number  of  square  vaias,  multiply  the  latter  by  177  (or  to  be 
more  exact,  by  177!^),  and  cutofTsi.x  decimals. 

1  vara  —  335^  inches.  1.900.8  varas  =«=  1  mile. 

WEIGHTS   AND  MEASUilES  OF  THE   PHILIPPINES. 


1  pulgada  (12  llnea) 
1  pie 
1  vara 
1  gantah 
1  cabaD 


,927    inch. 
11.125    inches. 
33.;>75    inches. 

,8796  gallon. 
31.991    gallon*. 


1  libra  (16  onzo) 
1  arroba 
1  cattv  (16  tael) 
1  pecal  (100  catty? 


1.0144  lb.  av. 

25.360    )b.  av. 

l.;)94    lb.  av. 

139.483    Jb.  av. 


t^oreign  Moneys, 


153 


Itnots  antr  i^iles. 


The  Statute  Mile  is 5, 280 feet. 

The  British  Admiralty  Knot  or  Nautical  Mile  is  6,080  feet. 

The  Statute  Kuot  is  6,082. 66  feet,  iiiid  is  generally  considered  the  standard.  Thenumberof 
feet  in  a  statute  knot  is  arrived  at  thus:  The  circumference  of  the  earth  is  divided  into  360  degrees, 
each  degree  containing  60  Icnots  or  (360x60),  21,600  knots  to  the  circumference.  21,600  divided 
into  131,385,456— the  number  of  feet  iu  the  earth's  circumfeieuce— gives  6,082.66  feet— the  length  of 
a  standard  mile. 


1  knot 

2  knots 

3  knots 


—  1. 151  miles 
=  2.303  miles 
c=>  3.454  miles 


4  knots  = 

5  knots  ■ 
10  knots . 


4.606  miles 

5.757  miles 

11. 515  miles 


20  knots . 

25  knots  ^ 

6  feet 


23. 030  miles 

28.787  miles 
=  1  fathom 


600  feet 
10  cables 


1  cable 
1  kuot 


Ancient  (&Ktx\x  antr  l^oman  W^n^\)X%  antr  iWtasures, 


WITH  AMERICAN   EQUIVALENTS. 
WEIGHTS. 

The  Roman  libra  or  pound  -=  10  oz.  18  pwt.  13  5-7  gr. ,  Troy. 
The  .\tlica  mina  or  pound  =  11  oz.  7  pwt.  16  2-7  gr.,  Tro3'. 
The  Attica  talent  (60  miuae)  =  56  lbs.  11  oz.  O  pwt.  17  1-7  gr. 


Troy. 


DRY    MEASURE. 

The  Roman  modus  =  1  pk.  2-9  pint. 
The  Attic  choenix  =  nearly  lj>^  pints. 
The  Attic  medium  us  =  4  pk.  6  1-10  pints. 

LIQUID   MEASURE. 

The  cotyle  ^  a  little  over  i^  pint. 
The  cyathus  =  a  little  over  V/i  pints. 
The  chus  ~  a  little  over  6%  pints. 

LONG    MEASURE. 

The  Roman  foot  =  11  3-5  inches. 
The  Roman  cubit  =  1  ft.  5?^  inches. 
The  Roman  pace  =  4  ft.  lO  inches. 
The  Roman  furlong  =  604  ft.  10  inches. 
The  Roman  mile  =  4,835  feet. 
The  Grecian  cubit  =  1  ft.  6^  inches. 

•The  modern  drachma  equals  19.3  cents, 
is  the  value  indicated  by  Tacitus. 

\w.\  :  c.  BIBLICAL  WEIGHTS 


The  Orecian  furlong  =  504  ft.  4 1-6  inches. 
The  Grecian  mile  =»  4030  ft.  , 

MONEY. 

The  quadrans  =  1 1-10  mills. 

The  as  =  13-10  mills. 

The  sestertius  =  3.58  -f  cents. 

Thesestertium  (l.OOO  sestertii)  —  $36.80+. 

The  denarius  =  14.35  ■\-  cents. 

The  Attic  obolus  =  2.39  -|-  cents. 

The  drachma  =  14. 35  H-  cents.  • 

The  mina  (100  drachmae)  =  $14.35+. 

The  talent  (60  minse)  =.  *861.  00+. 

The  Greek  stater  =  aureus  (same  as  the  Roman  t) 

=  $3.58,79. 
The  stater  =  daricus  =  $7.16,66. 

t  Did  not  remain,  at  all  periods,  at  this  value,  but  this 
REDUCED  TO  TROY  WEIGHT. 


TheGerah,  one- twentieth  of  a  Shekel 

The  Bekah,  half  a  Shekel 

The  Shekel 

TheManeh,  60  Shekels -. 

The  Talent,  50  manehs,  or  3000  Shekels 

ISltctrical  '^xi\X%. 


Lbs. 

Oz. 

Pwt. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

10 

2 

6 

0 

125 

0 

0 

Gr. 


12 
0 
0 
0 
0 


Nam. 

Sjrmbol. 

Unit  of 

How  Obtained. 

CGS* 

Equivalent. 

Obm 

R 

Resistance 

The  electrical  resistance  of  a  col- 
umn of  mercury  106  centimetres 
long  and  of  1   square  millimetre 
section. 

109 

1  true  ohm  =  1. 0112  Brit- 
ish Association  ohms. 

Amp^ie 

C 

Current 

Is  that  current  of  electricity  that 

101 

Deposits  1. 118  mllligiams 

decomposes  .0J009324  gramme  of 
water  per  second. 

of  silver  per  second. 

Volt 

E 

Electromo- 

One ampere  of   current  passing 

108 

.926  of  a  standard  Daniel 

tive  force 

through  a  substance  having  1  ohm 
of  resistance  =  1  volt. 

Cell. 

Coulomb 

Q 

Quantity 

A  current  of  1  ampere  during  1 
second  of  time. 

101 

Deposits  1.118  milligrams 
of  silver. 

Farad 

K 

Capacity 

The  capacity  that  a  current  of  1 
ampere  for  1  second  (=1  coulomb) 
charges  it  to  potential  of  1  volt. 

109 

2. 5  knots  of  D.  U,  S.  cable. 

Microfarad 

1-millionth  of  farad. 

1015 

.0013405  (or  -^  of  a 
horse  power. 

Watt 

Pw. 

Power 

Power  of  1  ampere  current  pass- 

107 

ing  through  resistance  of  1  ohm. 

Jou 

W.j. 

Work 

Is  the  work  done^by    1  watt  of 
electrical  power  in  1  second. 

107 

.238  unit  of  heat  (Therm). 

*C  G.  S.  •=  Electro-magnetic  uuits.     Consult  teclmical  works  in  electricity. 


iForn'fiu  Jiioness* 


i  1  shilling  (s) ;  20  shillings  = 
"  1  franc 


Euglish  iMoneyj  4  farthings  =  1  penny  (d);  12  pence : 

21  shillings  =  one  guinea;  5  shillings  =  one  crown. 
French  .>Ioney:  10  centimes  =  1  decime;  lOdecimes 
(German  3loiiey:  ]OOpfennig  =  l  mark. 
Ku!««>iaii  .^ioney:  100  copecks  =  1  ruble. 
Austro-Hung^arian  Money  :  100  kreutzer  =  1  florin. 
For  United  states  equivalents,  see  table  of  ' '  Value  of  Foreign  Coins  in  U.  S.  Money,  " 


1  pound  (£). 


1S4 


/Simple  interest  Table, 


^afjle  of  Geometrical   J3ro]jreission» 

(Whekeby  any  questions  of  Geometrical  Progression  and  of  Double  Ratio  may  be  solved  by  Inspec- 
tion, the  Kuniber  of  Terras  not  exceeding  66.  ) 


1 

1 

15 

16384 

29 

268435456 

43 

4398046511104 

2 

2 

16 

32768 

30 

536870912 

44 

8796093022208 

3 

4 

17 

65536 

31 

1073741824 

45 

17592186044416 

4 

8 

18 

131072 

32 

2147483648 

46 

85184372088832 

5 

16 

19 

262144 

33 

4294967296 

47 

70368744177664 

6 

32 

20 

624288 

34 

8589934592 

48 

140737488355328 

7 

64 

21 

1048576 

35 

17179869184 

49   - 

281474976710656 

8 

128 

22 

2097152 

86 

84359738368 

50 

662949953421312 

9 

256 

23 

4194304 

37 

68719476736 

61 

1125899906842624 

10 

512 

24 

8388608 

38 

137438953472 

52 

2251799813685248 

11 

1U24 

25 

16777216 

39 

274877906944 

53 

4503599627370496 

12 

2048 

26 

33554432 

40 

549755813888 

54 

9007199254740932 

13 

4096 

27 

671U8864 

41 

1099511627776 

55 

18014398509481984 

14 

8192 

28 

134217728 

42 

2199023255552 

56 

36008797018963968 

Illustrations— The  13th  power  of  2=8192.  and  the  the  8th  root  of  256—2. 


rfje  SSuflltsf)  milt 

COMPAHED  WITH  OTHER  EUROPEA^r  MEASURES. 


English 
Mile. 

«5 

0.867 
1.000 
0.540 
4.000 
0.575 
4.089 
3.000 
6.091 
5.764 
4.062 
2.592 

la 
£5 

a 

•9     . 

< 

0.212 
0.245 
0 .  1S2 
0.978 
0.141 
1.000 
0.734 
1  489 
1.409 
0.994 
0.634 

u 

'A 

OQ      • 

m 

orisT 

0.169 
0.094 
0.694 
0.100 
0.710 
0  520 
1.057 
1.000 
0.705 
0.449 

Danish 
Mile. 

i4 

li 

to 

English  (Statute  Mile.... 

English  Geog.  Mile 

French  Kilometer 

German  Geog.  Mile 

Rus.sian  Verst.r 

1.000 
1.150 
0.621 
4.610 
0.663 
4.714 
8.458 
7.021 
6.644 
4.682 
2.987 

1.609 
1.865 
1.000 
7.420 
1.067 
7.586 
5.565 
11.299 
10.692 
7.536 
4.808 

0.217 
0.250 
0.135 
1.000 
0.144 
1.  022 
0.730 
1.523 
1.441 
1  016 
0.648 

1.  508 
1.738 
0.937 
6.953 
1.000 
7.112 
5.215 
10.589 
10.019 
7.0(8 
4.505 

0.289 
0.338 
0.180 
1.333 
0.192 
1.  363 
1.000 
2.035 
1.921 
1.354 
0.864 

0.142 
0.164 
0.088 
0.657 
0.094 
0.672 
0.493 
1.000 
0.948 
0.667 
0.425 

0.213 
0.246 
0.133 
0.985 
0.142 
1.006 
0.738 
1.499 
1.419 
1.000 
0.638 

0.336 
0.386 
0.208 
1.543 
0.222 

Austrian  Mile 

1.578 

Dutch  Ure -., 

1.157 

Norwegian  Mile... 

2.350 

Swedish   Mile..., 

2. 224 

Danish  Mile 

1.567 

Swiss  Stnnde 

1.000 

<StantJavty  l^CeUjspaper  preasure^ 


The 


The  Standard  Newspaper  Measure,  as  recognized  aud  now  in  general  use  is  13  ems  pica, 
standard  of  measurement  of  all  sizes  of  type  is  the  *'em  quad,"  not  the  letter  *'m. " 

The  basis  of  measurements  adopted  by  the  International  Typographical  Union  is  the  lower-case 
alphabet,  from  "a"  to  "z"  inclusive,  and  the  ems  used  are  the  same  body  as  the  type  measured. 


4}i  Point 

6     Point 

18  ems 

17  ems 

7  Point 

8  Point 

9  Point 

14  ems 

14  ems 

13  ems 

10  Point 

11  Point.,.-.V.v. 

12  Point .; 

13  ems 

13  ems 

5i^  Point         .    .. 

.16  ems 

13  ems 

e     Point 

16  ems 

cSimple  Jlntecejst  Kai)U. 


(Showing  at  Different  Rates  the  I  nterest  on  $1  from  1  Mon  th  to  1  Year,  aud  on  $100  from  1  Day  to  1  Year) 


4  Feb  Cent. 

6  r 

F.R  Cent. 

G  r 

EE  C 

INT. 

ITkrC 

KNT. 

8  Per  C 

KNT. 

Time. 

1 

i 

Ji 

2 

£ 

eo 

1 

a 

JS 

s 

JD 

a 

i 

o 

«    - 

o 

rS 

o 

Q 

S 

o 

1    Q 

^ 

o 
Q 

9i 

a  J 

o 

d 

s 

One  Dollar  1  month 

3 

4 

6 

6 

6 

•  *           2        "          

7 

8 

,, 

i 

,  , 

i 

1 

i 

3 

••           3        »•    

i 

2 
4 

1 

1 

2 
5 

3 

1 

3 
6 

6 

1 

3 

7 

7 
6 

2 
4 
8 

••           6        "    

••          12         *•     

•  • 

One  Hundred  Dollars  1  day... 
ti                       » »       2     ' 

1 

i 

1 

3 

,. 

1 

6 

1 

9 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

7 

3 

2 

3 

8 

4 

4 

••                     ••       3    "    .. 

3 

4 

4 

1 

5 

, 

6 

8 

6 

7 

t*                     ••       4    »« 

4 

5 

5 

3 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

9 

♦*                    ••      G    '•    .. 

5 

6 

6 

9 

8 

2 

9 

7 

11 

1 

•*                    *•       6    '•    .. 

6 

7 

8 

3 

10 

11 

6 

13 

3 

••                    *•      1  month 

33 

4 

41 

6 

60 

68 

3 

66 
33 

7 

•»                      tt       2     ^^ 

66 

7 

83 

2 

1 

1 

16 

6 

1 

3 

•fc                      *»  ,     3     >» 

1 

1 

25 

1 

60 

1 

75 

2 

.. 

•  • 

••                                          4»             (J         ». 

2 

2 

60 

3 

,. 

3 

50 

. . 

4 

^  ^ 

•  • 

••                     ••    12    " 

4 

•  • 

5 

6 

7 

•  • 

.. 

8 

.  9 

•  « 

Ro7naji  and  Arabic  Numerals. 

€ompountr  Jfntrrtst  ^atlc^ 


155 


COMPOUND  INTEREST  ON  ONE  DOLLAR  FOR  lOO  VfiAfiS* 

Amount 

Years. 

fer 

cent 

Acciiimilft- 

tiob. 

Amount 

Years. 

Per 
cent. 

Acciimula- 
tiou. 

A  NtOUNt 

Years. 

^er 
cent. 

Accotnalatloa. 

1 
1 
1 

1 

100 
100 
100 

loo 

100 
KIO 

1 
2 

r 

3« 

$2.70,5 
7.24,5 
11.81.4 
19.21.8 
31.19,1 
&U,.50.4 

$1 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
KK) 

6 

7 
8 

.9 

$81.58,9 
131. 5oa 
339.30.5 
8(>7.72.1 
2,199.78.4 
5,529.04,4 

$1 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

i? 

12 
15 

IS 
24 

f 13, 780  68 
34.064.34.6 
83.521.82,7 
1,174.302.40 
16,424. 106.40 
2,198,720.200 

ySARS  IN  WHICH  A  GIVEN  AMOUNT  WILL  DOUBLE  AT  SEVERAL  RATES  06*  tNTJSREST. 


At  Simpl« 
Interest. 

At  Compound   iRTSfefegt. 

Ratb. 

At  Sinyli) 
Interest. 

At  toMl-ouHb  iNTKftBsT. 

Ratb. 

Compounded 

Compounded 

Compounded 

Compoiindied 

Compounded 
Semi- Annu- 
ally. 

Compounded 

Yearly. 

ally. 

Quarterly. 

Yearly. 

Quarterly. 

1 

100  years. 

69. 660 

69.  487 

69  237 

%i 

16  67 

11.  sue 

11.725 

11. 63d 

m 

66.66 

46.  556 

46.  382 

46. 297 

15.38 

11.007 

10.  S36 

10.  7i0 
9.966 

2 

50.  00 

■i,o  003 

84.  830 

34.  743 

7 

14.  29 

10.  245 

10. 074 

2^ 

40  00 

28.  071 

27.  899 

11.  748 

IM 

13.33 

9. 584 

9.414 

9.  328 

3 

33.  33 

23.  450 

23.  278 

23  191 

8 

12.50 

9.006 

8.837 

8.751 

3^ 

28.57 

20. 149 

19.  977 

19.  890 

81^ 

11.76 

8.497 

8.327 

8. 241 

4 

25.00 

17.  673 

17.  501 

17.415 

9 

11  11 

8.043 

7.874 

7.788 
7.383 

4^ 

22.22 

15.  747 

15.  576 

15.  490 

9^ 

10.  52 

7. 638 

•7.468 

6 

20.00 

14.  207 

14.  035 

13.  949 

10 

10.00 

7.273 

7.103 

7.018 

5^ 

18.18 

12.  942 

12.  775 

12. 689 

12 

8.34 

6.116 

5.948 

6.  862 

f^tjutljls  S^aajfie  K^'^Xi: 


DAVs. 

§10 

$11 

§12 

$13 

$14 

§15 

§16 

§17 

$18 

§19 

$20 

1 

.38 

.77 

1.15 

1.54 

1.92 

2.31 

2.69 

3.08 

3.46 

3.85 

4.23 

4.62 

5.00 

5.38 

5.77 

7.69 

10.  00 

20.00 

30  00 

40  00 

60  00 

60.00 

70.00 

80.00 

90. 00 

100. 00 

1    0.00 

120.01) 

.42 
.85 
1.27 
1. 69 
2. 12 
2.54 

2  96 
3.38 

3  81 
4.23 
4.65 
5.08 
5.50 
5.92 
6.  So 
8.46 

11.00 

22.  00 

33.00 

44.  (M) 

55.00 

66.00 

77.00 

88.00 

99.  00 

IIO.OO 

121.00 

132.  00 

.46 

.92 

1.38 

1  ts5 

2.  31 

3.77 

3.23 

3.69 

4.15 

4.62 

5.08 

5.44 

6.00 

6.46 

6.92 

9.  23 

12.00 

24  0<1 

36.00 

48.00 

60  00 

72.00 

84.00 

96.  (>0 

108.  00 

120.  00 

132.00 

144.00 

.50 
1,00 

l..^o 

2.00 

2.50 

3.00 

3.50 

4.00 

4.50 

5.00 

S.-'iO 

6. 00 

6.50 

7.00 

7.50 

10.00 

13.00 

26  00 

39  00 

52.00 

65.00 

78.00 

91.00 

104.00 

117.  00 

130.(10 

143.  OO 

156.00 

.64 

1.08 

1.62 

2.15 

2.69 

3.23 

3.77 

4.31 

4.85 

5.38 

5.92 

6.46 

7.00 

7.54 

8.08 

10.77 

14  00 

28.00 

42.00 

56.00 

70.00 

84,00 

98.00 

112.00 

126.  00 

140.  OO 

154.00 

168.00 

.58 
1.15 
1.73 

2.31 

2.88 

3.46 

4.04 

4.62 

5.19 

5.77 

6.35 

6.92 

7.50 

8.08 

8  65 

11.54 

15. 00 

30.00 

45.00 

60.00 

75. 00 

90.00 

105. 00 

120. 00 

135. 00 

150.(0 

165.00 

180.00 

.62 

1.23 

1.85 

2.46 

3.08 

3.69 

4.31 

4.92 

5.54 

6.15 

6.77 

7.38 

8.00 

8.62 

9.23 

12.31 

16.00 

32.00 

48.00 

64.00 

80.00 

96  00 

112. 00 

128.00 

144.00 

160.00 

176. 00 

192.00 

.65 

1.31 

1.96 

2.62 

3.27 

3.92 

4.  .^8 

5.23 

5.88 

6.54 

7.19 

7. 8.-) 

8.50 

9.15 

9  81 

13.03 

17.00 

34.  (X) 

51.00 

68.00 

85.00 

102.00 

119.00 

136.  00 

153.00 

170.00 

187.00 

204.00 

.69 

1.38 

2.08 

2  77 

3.46 

4.15 

4  85 

5.54 

6.23 

6  92 

7.62 

8.31 

9.00 

9.69 

10.38 

13.  a5 

18.00 

36.00 

54.00 

72.00 

90.00 

108. 00 

126.00 

144.00 

162.  00 

180.00 

198.00 

216.00 

.73 

1.46 

2.19 

2.92 

3.65 

4  38 

5.12 

5.  85 

6.58 

7.31 

8.04 

8.77 

9.50 

10. 23 

10  96 

14.62 

19.00 

38.00 

57.00 

76.00 

95.00 

114. 00 

133.00 

152. 00 

171. OO 

190.00 

,209.00 

1228.00 

.77 

2 

8 

1.54 
2.31 

4 

3  08 

5 , 

3.a-> 

6,„v» 

4.62 

f  

6.38 

\::::::. ::::::::::. 

6.15 

9     

6.92 

10 

7  69 

11 , 

8.46 

12 

13 

14.. » 

9  23 
10.00 
10.77 

35 v.. 

11.54 

20  . 

15.  38 

1  mouth 

20.00 

a..i»»» 

40.  OO 

60.00 

X 

80.00 

g* 

100.00 

6 

12<).<H) 

7 

8 

il40.00 
160. 00 

9 

180.00 

10 

11 

3  year  

200.00 
,220.00 
1240.00 

*Six  working  days  in  the  week. 


i^oman  antr  ^ratJic  tU^fumerals. 


1 

XI 

VfT    

11 

12 

XXX 

XL 

Lj           

..  30 

..  40 
..   50 
..   60 
..   70 
.  80 
.   90 

cccc 

...    400 

2 

1) 

...    500 

.      3  XIII 

13 

|>C 

....    600 

4XIV 

. 14 

1 J  ..^     .  .••■>■•••••••••• 

I, XX 

ncc 

DCCC 

CiU 

...    700 

..     6  XV    

15 

...    800 

6  xn    

16 

LXXX  or  XXC. 

xc 

c 

...    900 

7  VVfl 

17 

y\ 

...  1000 

8 

XVIII 

XIX 

18 

19 

•  *•  1   »  9   •         ^-J 

.  100 

iiii 

...  2000 

9 

cc 

CUG...«.... «.. 

.. 200,  MCill  VIII.....; 
.3001 

...  1803 

10 

I 

11.... 
III... 

IV.... 
V 

VI  ... 

VII  . . 
VIII. 

i?.::: 


156 


United  States   Customs  Duties. 


WLwiitn  ^States  (Jtustoms  Mxiiitn. 

A  TABLE  OF  LEAOINC  ARTICLES  IMPORTED.  CIVINQ  RATE  AT  ENTRY 

BV  THE  TARIFF  ACT  OF  18&7, 

N  e.  s  indicates  "when  not  elsewhere  speci  fled.""  Tables  shouing  comparison  with  the  Rates  by 
the  Tariff  "of  1883  and  the  McKinley  TaritT  of  1830  were  printed  in  Thk  World  Almanac  for  1895,  and 
the  Wilson  TariR  of  1894  and  the  Dinsley  TarifTof  1897  in  the  edition  ol  1898. 


Artici.ks. 


Alcohol,  aniylic.  or  fnsel  oil 

Animals  for  breeding  purposes.. 

Barley,  bushel  of  48  ros 

Beads •• 

Beef,  mutton,  and  pork 

Beer,  ale,  not  in  bottles 

IBeer.  porter,  and  ale,  ia  bottles. 

]Bindn>is?s.  cotton 

BindiuKS,  flax 

TBindings,  wool 


:Slankets 

-Blankets,  value40c.  to  50c 


'Bonnets,  silk 

Books,  charts,  maps... 

Books,  over  20  years  old,  for  public 

libraries 

Bronze,  mamifactures  of 

Brushes  

Butter,  and  substitutes  for 
Buttons,  sleeve  and  collar 

Canva.s  for  sails 

Caps,  fur  and  leather 

Carpets,  treble  ingraia  . . . 


Tariff  Rate. 

Free. 

30c.  per  bushel 

35  p.  c.  ad  val. 

2c.  "^  tt>. 

20c.  'f.  gal. 

40c.        '' 

45  p.  c  ad  val. 

46 

50c   "^  ft),  and 

60 p. cad  val. 
22c.   fi  ftv.  and 

30p.c.  ad  val. 
33c.f^  tt>.  and  36 

p.c.ad  val.  ia) 
60  p.  c.  ad  val. 
26 


A  HI  ici.es. 


Tarirt  Kale. 


60  p.  c.  ad  val. 


P'.arthenware,    porcelain,  etc.,  dec- 
orated  

P'.ggs 6c.  "^  doz. 

P^npravings ;26  !>•  c.  ad  val. 

Extract s.  meat ..|36c.  "^  lb. 


Fertilizers,  guanos,  maimres. 

Fi  rearms , 

Fish,  American  fisheries 

Fi.sh,  smoked,  dried »»*.*. 

Flannels > • . 


gilt. 


Carpets,  two-ply 

Carpets,  tapestry  Brussels 

Carpets.  Wilton.  Axminster  velvet 


Cattle  (over  one  year  old). 

Cheese,  all  kinds 

Cigars  and  cigarettes 


Flannels,  Value  40c.  to  50c. 


a... 


Flax,  manufactures  of,  n.  e 

Flower.s,  arliticial 

Fruits, preserved  in  their  own  juice. 


Clocks,  n.  e.  s 

Clothing,  ready-made,  cotton,  n.e.s. 
Clothing,   ready-made,  linen,  silk, 

and  woollen 

Coal,  anthracite 

Coal,  bituminous 

CoHee  

Confectionery,  all  sugar 


Copper, manufactures  of 

Cotton  gloves 

Cotton  handkerchiefs,  hemmed 

Cotton  handkerchiefs,  hemstitched, 
Cotton  hosiery 


Cotton  shirts  and  drawers. 


Cotton  plushes,  unbleached. . . 


Cotton  webbing 

Cotton  curtains 

Cutlery,  more  than  $3 per  doz.. 


Cutlery,  razors,  over  $3  per  doz. . . 
Cutlery,  table  knives 


Cutlery,  table  knives,  over  $4  '^  doz.. 
Diamonds  (uncut,  free),  cut  and  set 

Diamonds,  cut,  but  not  set 

Drugs  (crude,  free),  not  crude 


Dye  woods,  crude 

DyewoQds,  extracts  of , . , , . 

Earthenware,  common.. .,,.... 
Earthenware,  porcelain,  plain. 


Free. 

45  p.  c.  ad  val 

40 

6c.  "^  ft*. 

50  p.  c.  ad  val. 

45 

35""         '* 

22c.  ^sq.  j'd.& 

40p.c.  ad  val. 
18c.  i^  sq.yd.  & 

40p.c.  ad  val. 
28c.  f,  sq.  yd.& 

40  p. c.  ad  val. 
60c.1ftsq.yd.& 

40  p. c.  ad  val. 
275^  p.c.ad  val. 
6c.  f.  lb. 
$4.50  ^  ft),  and 

25 p.c.ad  val. 
40  p.  c.  ad  val. 
50 

60  •  •     (A-) 

Free. 

67c.  "^  ton. 
Free. 

50  p.  c.  ad  val. 
(if  more  than 
15c.  V'  lb. ). 
45  p,  c.  ad  val. 
50 
45 
55 
50c.toS2'^doz. 

pairs  and  15 

p.  c.  ad  val 
60c.  to  $2.25  ^ 

doz.     &     15 

p.   c.    to    50 

p.  c.  ad  val. 
9c.  1^  sq.  yd.  & 

25  p.  cad  val. 
45  p.  c.  ad  val. 
50  " 

20c.  '^  piece  & 

40  p.c.ad  val. 
$1.75  "^  doz.  & 

20  p.c.ad  val. 
16c.  each   and 

15  p.c.ad  val. 
45  p.  c.  ad  val. 
60 
10 
^^c,  IB  ft>.   and 

10  p.c.ad  val. 
Free. 
5^c.  -^  ft). 
25  p.  c.  ad  val. 
66 


e.  s. 


Fruits,  apples 

Fruit.s,  oranges,  lemons,  n. 

Fur,  manufactures  of 

Furniture,  wood 

Glassware,  plain  and  cut 

Glass,  polished  plate,  not  over  16.x24 

Glass,  silvered,  notover  16x24 

(Jlass  bottles,  over  1  pint 

Gloves,  men's,  ladies',  children's.. . 

Gluco.se 

lue.  value  not  over  7c.  per  lb 

(Told,  manufactures  of,  not  jewelry. 
Hair  of  hogs,  curled  for  mattresses. 
Hair  manufactures,  n.  e.  s 
Hair,  human,  unmanufactured 


Hams  and  bacon  . . . 

Hay 

H emp  cordage 

Hides,  raw,  dried,  salted,  pickled.. 

Hone.v 

Hoops,  iron  or  steel,  baling 

Hops 

Horn, manufactures  of 

Horses,  mules 

India-rubber,  manufactures  of 

India-rubber,  vulcanized 

Instruments,  metal 

Iron.manufacturesof,  n.e.s 

Iron  screws,  J^  inch  or  less  in  length 

Iron,  tinned  plates 

Ivory,  manufactures  of,  n.  e.  s 

.Jewelry 

Knit  goods,    wool,  value   not  over 
30c.  fitt) 


Free. 

(b) 
Free. 

8!2c.  f.  ft),  and 
30  p.  c.  ad  val. 

33c.  IB  ft>.  and 
35 p.c.ad  val. 

45  p.  c.  ad  val. 

50 

Ic.  f<  ft),  and 
35p.<'.  ad  val. 

25c.  "t  bu. 

Ic.  ?,  ft. 

35  p.  c.  ad  val. 

36 

60 

8c.  '^  sq.  foot. 

lie. 

ic.  fi  ft. 


lV,c.  fi  ft). 
2^c.lj^ft)    (f/). 
45  p.  c.  ad  val. 
10 

35  '* 

20  p.    c  ;    not 
d  raw  n ,  free. 
5c.  m  ft. 
$4  ^  ton. 
2c.  1^  ft. 
15  p.  c.  ad  val. 
20c.  f,  gal. 
5-lOc.  ^  ft. 
12c.  1^  ft. 
30  p.  c.  ad  val. 
$oOT?Shead(/t). 
30  p.  c.  ad  val. 
35 
45 
45 

12c.  TB  ft. 
\\4c.  ^  ft. 
35  p.  c.  ad  val. 
60 


Kuit 
40c. 


goods. 
•^  ft.... 


woollen  apparel,  30  to 


Knit  goods,  woollen  apparel,  over 

40c. 'i?  ft 

Knit  goods,  silk 

Lard 

Lead,  pigs,  bars 

Lead,  type  metal 

Leather  manufactures,  n.  e.  s 

I,inen  manufactures,  n.  e.  s 

Li nen,  wearing  apparel 

Macaroni 

Malt,  barley 

Matches,  friction,  boxed 

Matting,  cocoa  and  rattan 

Meerschaum  pipes 

Molasses,  u.  e.  s 


44c.  li^  ft.  and 
50  p.c.ad  val. 

44c.   '^  ft.  and 
50  p.c.ad  val. 

44c.        "     (c) 
60  p.  c.  ad  val. 

2c.  1^  ft. 

2^c.    " 

\\ic.    " 

35  p.  c.  ad  val. 

45         " 

60 

l>^c.  Tft  ft. 

45c.  '^  bu. 

8c.  V>  gros.s. 

6c.  "f'  sq.  yard. 

60  p.  c.  ad  val. 

40O  to  560,  3c. 

^gal.  (<•). 
35  p.  c.  a<l  val. 


Muffs,  fur 

Musical  instruments 45 

Naila,  cut 6-l«c.  ^  ft. 

Nails^  horseshoe p^c. 

Wew^apers,  periodicals. , IFree, 


United  States   Customs  Duties. 


157 


UNITED  STATES  CUSTOMS  DUTIES— Continued. 


Articlks. 


Oilcloth,  value  over  25c. 
Oil,  olive 


Oil,  olive,  n.e.s 

Oil,  whale  and  seal,  foreign,  u.  e.s. 

Onions 

Opium,  liquid  preparations 

Opium,  crude  and  unadulterated. 

Paintings  and  marble  statuary 

Paper  manufactures,  u.   e.  s 

Paper  slock,  crude 

Pepper,  cayenne,  unground 

Perfumery,  alcoholic 


Photograph  albums 

Photograph  slides i 

Pickles 

Pins,  rnetallic 

Pipes  of  clay,  common,  40c.  ^  gross. 

Poultry,  dressed 

Potatoes 

Pulp  wood,  for  paper- makers.. 


Quicksilver 

Quinine,  sulphate,  and  salts. 

Railroad  ties,  cedar 

Bugs,  Oriental 


Salmon,  dried  or  smoked. 
Salt 


■••■••    ••••••••• 


Sauces,  n.  e.  s.... 
Sausages,  bologna. 

Sausages,  all  other 

Sealskin  sacques 

Silk,  raw 

Silk,  spun  in  skeins 

Silk  laces,  wearing  apparel 

Skins,  uncured,  raw 

Skins,  tanned  and  dressed 

Slates,  manufactures  of,  n.  e.  s... 
Smokers'  articles, ex.  clay  pipes... 


Tariff  Hate. 


8  to  20c.  ^  sq. 
yd.  (.7). 

50c.  '^  gal. ,  in 
bottles,  etc. 

40c.  f>  gal. 

8c.  '^  gal. 

40c.  1^  bu. 

40  p.  c.  ad  val, 

$11^  ft). 

20  p.  c.  ad  val. 

35 

Free. 

'2]4c.  ^  lb. 

60c.fi  lb.  and  45 
p.  c.  ad  val. 

35  p.  c.  ad  val. 

15 

40 

.% 

15c.  ^  gross. 

5c.  3  lb. 

25c.  "^  bu. 

1-12C.  '^  lb., 
mechanical- 
ly ground^). 

7c.  ^  lb. 

Free. 

20  p.  c.  ad  val. 

10c.  fi  sq.  f.  & 
40  p. cad  val. 

He  f,  tt). 

12c.  ^  10  ft., 
packages; 
8c.  ^  100  ft., 
bulk. 

40  p.  c.  ad  val. 

Free. 

25  p.  c.  ad  val. 

35 

Free. 

35p.c.adval.(<f 

60 

Free. 

20  p.  c.  ad  val 

20 

60 


Soap,  Castile 

Soap,  toilet,  perfumed. 
Spirits,  except  bay  rum 
Straw  manulactures,  n. 


Sugars,  not  above  16  Dutch  standard  95- 100c.  ^ft(»/i) 

Sugars,  above  16  Dutch  standard |l  95-lOOc.  '* 

Tea Free. 

Tin,  ore  or  metal 

Tin  plates....... IJ^c.  ^  D). 


Articles. 


e.   s. 


Tariff  Ilate. 


mc  ^i^  ft. 
15c.  ^ft. 
$2.25  prf.gal. 
.  30  p.  c.  ad  val. 


Tobacco,       cigar      wrappers,      not 
stemmed .-'i 

Tobacco,  if  stemmed 

Tobacco,  all  other  leaf,  stemmed... 
Tobacco,       unmanufactured,       not 

stemmed 

Umbrellas,  silk  or  alpaca 

Vegetables,  natural,  n.   e.  s 

Vegetables,  prepared  or  preserved. 
Velvets,  silk,  75  p.c.  or  more  silk. . . 


Watches  and  parts  of 

Wheat,  bushel  of  60  lb 

Willow  for  basket-makers 

Willow  manulactures,  n.  e.  s 

Wines,  champagne,  in  ij^-pt.  bottles 

or  less 

Wines,  champagne,  in  bottle.s,  ^  pt. 

to  1  pt 

Wines,  champagne,  in  bottles,  1  pt. 

tolqt 

Wines,    still,    in    casks   containing 

more  than  l4  p.  c.  absolute  alcohol 

Woods,  cabinet,  sawed 

Wool,  first  class 

Wool,  second  class 

Wool,  third  class,  n.    e.   s. ,  above 

13c.  Hft 

Wool  or  worsted  yarns,  value  not 

over30c.^ft. 
Wool  or  worsted  yarns,  value  30c.  to 

40c.  'p  ft. 
Wool  or  worsted  yarns,  value  over 

40c.  ^  ft. 
Woollen  or  worsted  clothing 


$1.85 
$2.50 
50c. 


35c.      •• 
50  p.  c.  ad  val. 
25 
40 

$1.50  fi  ft.  and 
15p.c.ad  val. 
40  p.c.  ad  val. 
25c.  ^  bu. 
20  p.  c.  ad  vaL 
40 

$2  ^  doz. 

$4      •• 

$8      •• 

50c.  f^  gal. 
$lto$2^Mft 
lie.  ^  ft. 
12c.      " 

7c.  ^  ft.  (e}. 
27%c.   ^  ft.  & 
40  p. cad  val. 
38i^c.lflft.&40 

p.c.ad  val.cO. 
38J^c.  "^  ft.  & 

40  p.c.  ad  val 
44c.  %i  ft.  &  60 

p.  c.  ad  vaL 


•  The  Dingley  Tariff  increases  rates  on  women's  and  children's  gloves  unitormfy  ?5c.  per  dozen 
pairs;  on  men's  gloves  the  rates  are  the  same  as  the  Wilson  rates,  (o)  Valued  at  more  than  SOc.  per  lb., 
33c.  per  lb.  and  40  per  cent,  ad  val.  (h)  Specific  duties  ranging  from  $1.50  to  $6  on  each  article  and  35 
percent,  ad  val.  (c)  On  goods  above  40c.  and  not  above  70c.  per  lb. ;  duty  on  goods  above  70c.  per  lb., 
44c.  per  lb.  and  55  per  cent,  ad  val.  (d)  Value  $1  per  lb. ,  20c.  per  lb.  aud  15  per  cent,  ad  val. ,  with  in- 
creasing duty  of  10c  per  lb.  for  each  50c.  additional  value  up  to  $2.50;  all  over  $2.50  per  lb  ,  60c.  per  lb. 
and  15  per  cent,  ad  val.  (e)  Wool  valued  at  12c.  per  lb.  or  less,  4c.  per  lb. ;  above  12c.  duty  is  7c.  per  lb. 
(f)  Two  prices  only  in  Dingley  bill,  30c.  auo  less,  and  above  SOc.  (g)  If  not  over  10c.  per  lb. 
(/i)  If  valued  at  $150;  if  more,  25  per  cent,  ad  val.  (i)  Above  56°,  6c.  per  gal.  (.7)  And  15  to  20  per 
cent,  ad  val.  (^)  On  woollen  an  additional  duty  of  44c.  per  lb.  (Z)  Chemical  wood  pulp,  l-6c.  per  lb. 
(m)  When  not  above  75°,  but  for  every  additional  degree  by  polariscopic  test,  35-1,  oOOc.  per  pound  ad- 
ditional, and  fractions  of  a  degree  in  proportion. 

Ai-ticles  of  merchandise  entering  the  United  States  from  Hawaii  and  Porto  Rico  and  entering 
those  possessions  from  the  United  States  are  exempt  from  dutj'. 

The  act  of  Congress  approved  March  2,  1902,  provides  that  the  customs  duties  on  articlfe  entering 
the  Philippines  from  tlie  United  States  shall  be  the  same  as  on  those  entering  from  foreign  countries. 
On  articles  entering  the  United  States  from  the  Philippines  the  full  tariff  rates  shall  be  collected, 
except  that  a  25  per  cent  reduction  shall  be  granted  on  articles  produced  and  grown  in  the  Philippines. 

REGULATIONS    RESPECTING    EXAMINATION    OF    BAGGAGE. 

_  Residents  of  the  United  States  returning  from  abroad  are  met  by  a  customs  officer  to  whom  they 
will  make  a  declaration,  stating  the  number  of  trunks  in  their  possession,  their  dutiable  contents, 
etc.  A  failure  to  declare  dutiable  goods  renders  the  same  liable  to  seizure  and  confiscation,  and  the 
owner  to  fine  and  imprisonment.     Customs  officials  are  forbidden  by  law  to  accept  "tips." 

Prepare  in  advance  a  detailed  list  of  all  arr,iclesL,obtained  abroad, with  the  prices  paid  therefor  or 
the  value  thereof,  specifying  separately  articles  of  wearing  apparel  and  other  personal  effects. 

_  All  personal  effects  taken  abroad  as  baggage  and  brought  back  in  the  same  condition  will  be  ad- 
mitted free,  but  if  improved  in  condition  they  are  dutiable.  From  the  aggregate  value  of  all  articles 
purchased  abroad  (unless  they  are  intended  for  other  persons  or  for  sale)  goods  to  the  value  of  $10** 
will  be  deducted,  as  that  amount  of  personal  property  is  admitted  free  of  duty. 

There  is  no  limitation  as  to  the  value  of  articles  free  of  duty  brought  in  by  persons  declaring  as 
non-residents,  provided  such  articles  are  in  the  nature  of  wearing  apparel,  and  similar  personal 
effects  actually  accompanying  the  passenger  and  neces.sary  and  appropriate  for  wear  and  use  for  the 
purposes  of  the  journey,  and  not  intended  for  other  persons,  norgor  sale. 

Government  officers  are  forbidden  by  law  to  accept  anything  but  currency  in  payment  of  duties. 
In  case  passengers  are  dissatisfied  with  the  value  placed  on  dutiable  articles,  application  may  be 
made  to  the  Collector  in  writing  within  two  days,  and  the  appraisement  will  be  reviewed  by  a  General 
Appraiser. 


l58  JPass2)ort   JR,egulatio7iS. 


J^assport  3^cijulations» 


RiTLES  governing  the  granting  and  issuing  of  passports  in  the  United  States: 

1.  Bv  Whom  Isrcrd  and  Rrfusal  to  Issuk. — No  onp  l)nt  the  Secretary  of  State  may  (rratit  anrl  issue  passports  In  the  United 
States  (Kevised  Statutes,  settions  -inTf.,  4076'),  and  he  is  empn-wered  to  refuse  them  In  his'discretlon. 

Passports  are  not  issued  by  American  diplomatic  and  consular  otticers  abroad,  except  In  cases  of  emergency;  and  a  cltlzan 
who  Is  abroad  and  desires  to  procure  a  passport  must  apply  therefor  tarough  the  nearest  diplomatic  or  consular  officer  to  the 
Secretary  ot  .State. 

Applicatii'us  for  passports  by  persons  in  I'orto  Ulco  or  the  Philippines  should  be  made  to  tlie  Chief  Executives  of  those 
Islands.     The  evidence  required  uf  such  applicauts  is  the  same  as  that  required  of  applicants  in  the  United  States. 

2.  Fee. — By  act  of  Congress  approved  March  23,  1888,  a  fee  of  one  dollar  is  required  to  be  collected  for  every  citizen's  passport. 
That  ajiiouiit  iu  currency  or  postal  money  order  snoiild  accuinpany  e.ach  application  made  by  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 
Orders  should  be  made  payable  to  the  Disbursing  Clerlt  of  the  Department  of  State.    Drafts  or  checlcs  vk-ill  no'  be  accepted. 

3.  Appltcations. — A  person  who  is  ent  Ited  to  receive  a  passport.  If  within  the  United  States,  must  make  a  written  application, 
In  the  form  of  an  atiidavit,  to  the  Secretary  ot  State.  The  application  must  be  made  by  the  person  to  whom  the  passport  Is  t« 
be  issued  and  signed  by  him,  as  it  is  not  competent  for  one  person  to  apply  for  another. 

The  affidavit  must  be  attested  by  au  otlicer  autliorized  to  administer  oatlis,  and  if  he  has  an  oflficia'  seal  It  must  be  affixed.  If  he 
has  no  seal,  liis  official  character  must  be  autlienticated  liy  certificate  of  the  proper  legal  officer. 

If  the  applicant  signs  by  mark,  two  attesting  witnes.ses  to  his  signature  are  required.  The  applicant  is  required  to  state  the  date 
and  place  or  nis  birth,  his  occupation,  the  place  of  hi-  permanent  residence,  to  what  country  or  countries  he  intends  to  travel^ 
and  within  what  length  of  time  he  will  return  to  the  United  States  with  the  purpose  of  residing  and  perfoimlng  the  duties  of 
citizenship. 

The  applicant  must  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States. 

The  application  must  l)e  accompanied  by  a  description  of  the  person  applying,  and  should  state  the  following  particulars,  viz.  J 

Age,         ■  years;  stature,  feet  inches  (English  measure);   forehead,  »    eyes,  — — J  nose,  ,  mouth,  ',  chin, 

;  hair,  ;  complexion, ;  face,  .- — .  •" 

The  application  must  tie  accompanied  by  a  certificate  from  at  least  one  credible  witness  that  the  applicant  is  the  person  he  rep. 
resents  himself  to  be,  and  that  the  facts  stated  in  the  affidavit  are  true  to  the  best  of  the  witness's  knowledge  and  belief. 

4.NATTrK  CmzKXS. — An  application  containing  the  information  indicated  by  rule  3  will  he  sufficient  evidence  In  the  case  of 
native  citizens.  A  person  of  the  Chinese  race,  alleging  birth  in  the  United  States,  must  accompany  his  application  with  sup- 
porting affidavits  from  at  least  two  creilible  witnesses,  preferably  not  of  the  Chinese  race,  having  personal  knowledge  of  the 
applicant's  birth  in  the  United  States.  The  wpplication  and'  supporting  affidavits  should  be  in  <luplicate,  and  sliould  be 
accompanied  by  three  photographs  of  the  applicant,  and  should  slate  at  what  port  he  intends  to  re-enter  the  United  States. 

6.  A  pKRsoy  BoRX  Abroad  Whosk  Fathep.  Was  a  Native  Citizf.n  of  thb  Umted  States. — In  addition  to  the  statements 
required  bv  rule  3,  his  application  must  sliow  that  his  father  was  l)0rn  in  the  United  States,  has  resided  therein,  and  was  a  citizen  at 
tile  time  of  the  applicant's  birth.  The  Department  may  require  that  this  affidavit  be  supported  by  that  of  on<!  o^her  citizen  arquaipted 
with  the  facts.  '  '■""  ~    '  \,. ..,.,.  :,      .f.;      >• 

6.  Naturalized  Citizens. — In  addition  to  the  statements  required  by  rule  3,  a  naturalized  citizen  mnst  transmit  his  certificate" of 
naturalization,  or  a  dnlv  certified  copv  of  the  court  record  tliereof,  with  liis  application.  It  will  be  returned  to  him  after  inspection. 
He  must  state  in  his  affidavit  when  and  from  what  port  lie  emisjrated  to  this  country,  what  ship  he  sailed  in,  where  he  h.as  lived  sine* 
his  arrival  in  the  United  States,  when  and  before  what  court  he  was  naturalized,  and  that  he  is  the  identical^  person  descrilied  in  the 
certificate  of  naturalization.  The  si^iature  to  the  application  sliould  conform  in  orthography  to  the  applicant's  name  as  written  in  nil 
certificate  of  naturalization,  or  an  explanation  of  the  difference  should  be  submitted.  ■;.';•>• 

7.  Woman's  Application.— If  she  is  unmarried,  in  addition  to  the  statements  required  by  rule  3,  she  shonld  state  that  she  has 
never  been  married.  If  she  is  the  wife  or  widow  of  a  native  citizen  of  the  United  States  t)ie  fact  should  be  made  to  appear  In 
her  application.  If  she  is  the  wife  or  widow  of  a  naturalized  citizen,  in  addition  to  tiie  statements  required  by  rale  X,  she  mnst 
transmit  for  lu-spection  her  husband's  certificate  of  naturalization,  must  state  that  she  is  the  wife  (or  widow)  of  tlie  pei-son  deKcrd>«d 
therein,  and  must  set  forth  tlie  facts  of  his  euiieratiini,  naturalization,  and  residence,  as  required  in  the  rule  governing  tlie  aj^ilica- 
tion  of  a  naturalized  citizen.  A  married  won.nn  cftizenship  follows  that  of  hnr  husband  so  far  as  her  international  status  'scott- 
cerned.  It  is  essential,  therefore,  that  a  womin's  marital  relations  be  indicated  iu  lier  application  for  a  passport,  and  that m 
the  case  of  a  married  woman  her  husband's  citizenship  be  established. 

.  8.  The  Child  OP  a  Naturalized  Citizen  Claiming  Citizenship  Through  the  Naturalization  of  the  Parent.— In 
addition  to  the  statements  required  liv  rule  ?,,  the  applicant  must  state  that  he  or  she  is  the  son  or  daughter,  as  the  case  may  be,  of  the 
person  described  in  the  certificate  of  "naturalization,  which  must  be  submitted  for  inspection,  and  must  set  forth  the  facts  of  emigra- 
tion  naturalization,  and  residence,  as  reiinired  in  the  rule  governing  the  application  of  a  naturalized  citizen. 

9.  A  Resident  op  an  Insular  Possession  of  the  United  States  Who  Owes  Allegiance  to  the  UNrrED  States.— In 
addition  to  the  statements  required  bv  rule  3,  he  must  state  that  he  owes  allegiance  to  the  United  States  and  that  he  does  not 
acknowledge  allegiance  to  any  other"  government;  and  must  submit  affidavits  from  at  least  two  credible  witnesses  having 
good  means  of  knowledge  In  substantiation  of  his  statements  of  birth,  residence,  and  loyalty. 

10.  Expiration  of  Passport A  passport  expires  two  years  from  the  date  of  its  issuance.     A  n^-w  one  will  he  Issued  npon  a 

new  application,  and  if  the  applicant  be  a  naturalized  citizen,  the  old  passport,  will  lie  accepted  iu  lieu  of  a  certificate   of  naturaliza- 
tion, if  the  application  upon  which  it  was  issued  is  found  to  coutain  sufficient  information  as  to  the  naturalization  of  the  applicant. 


alle- 

be    reipiired.    A  woman's  passpo „.   

does  not  include  a  governess,  tutor,  pupil,  companion,  or  person  holding  like  relations   to  the  applicant  for  a  passport.  jt» 

12.  Titles.— Prof  esslonal  and  other  titles  will  not  be  Inserted  In  passports. 

13.  Blank  Forms  of  Application.— They  will  be  furnished  by  the  Department  to  persons  who  desire  to  apply  for  passports, 
but  are  not  furnished,  except  as  samples,  to  those  who  make  a  business  of  procuring  passports.  -^ 

14.  Address. — Communications  should  be  addressed  to  the  Department  of  State,  Bureau  of  Citizenship,  and  each  communica- 
tion should  give  the  post-office  address  of  the  person  to  whom  the  answer  is  to  be  directed. 


Section  407.- of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  tho  United  States,  ns  amended  hy  the  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  14,  1902, 

? providing  tnat  "  the  Secretirv  of  Stnle  may  grint  and  issue  pas'-ports,  and  cause  passports  to  be  granted,  issued,  and  Verified  in 
oreign  countries  by  such  diplomatic  or  cousnlar  officers  d  the  United  States,  and  by  such  clilef  or  other  executive  officer  of  the 
insular  possessions  of  the  United  States,  and  under  such  rules  as  the  President  shall  designate  and  prescribe  for  and  on   behalf 
of  the  United  States,"  the  foregoing  rules  are  iiereby  prescribed  for  the  granting  and  issuing  of  passports  In  tbe  United  States.^ 
The  Secretary  of  State  Is  authorized  to  make  regulations  on  the  subject  of  issuing  and  granting  passports  additional  t^ 
these  rules  and  not  inconsistent  with  them.  _    _   _ 

THEODORE  ROOSEVELT. 

Tbb  Whttr  HotJsK,  Jane  13,  I90T. 


CoJistitiition  of  the    United  States.,  I59 

i^onstittttion  of  ii^z  Winittn  .States. 

Preamble.  We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  In  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  Union,  establish 

Justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the  common  defence,  promote  the  gen- 
eral welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do 
ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution  for  the  United  States  of  Amerlca. 

ARTICLE  I. 

Legislative         Skction  I.    AH  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  ia  a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which 

powers.  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  ami  House  of  Representatives. 

House  of  Rcpre-  Skction  II.     1.  Tiie  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  members  chosen  every  second  year  by  the 

sentatives,        people  of  the  several  States,  and  the  electors  iu  each  State  shall  have  the  qualihcations  rerjuisite  for  electors  of  the 

most  numerous  branch  of  the  State  Legislature. 

Qualifications  of  2.  No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  twenty-five  years,  and  been 

Represent  a- seven  years  a  citizen   of  the   Uuited   States,  and   who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  au  inhabitant  o£  that  State   in 

tives.  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Apportionment  3.   Representatives   and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned   among  the  several  States  which  may  be  included  with- 

of     Represen- in  this  Union  according    to  their  respective  numbers,  which  shall  be    determined    by  adding  to  the  whole  nunil>er  of 

tatives.  free  persons,  including   those  bound  to  service  for  a  tern,  of  years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all 

other  persons.     The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three  years  after  the  first  meeting  of  the  Congress  of 

the  United  States,  and   within  every  subsequent  term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct.    The 

number  of  llepresentatives    shall  not  exceed  one  for  every   thirty  thousand,  bnt   each  Stale   shall  have  at  least  one 

Representative;   and  until  such  enumeration  shall  be  made,  the  State   of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to  choose 

3;    Massachusetts,  8;   Rhode  Island  and   Providence  Plantations,  1;  Connecticut,  6;  New  'i'ork,  6;  New  Jersey,  4 ; 

Pennsylvania,  3;   Delaware,  1;   Maryland,  6;  Virginia,  10;  North  Carolina,  5;  South  Carolina,  6,  and  Georgia,  3.* 

Vacancies,  how         4.   When  vacancies  h.appen  in  the  representation  from  any  State,  the  Executive  Authority  thereof  shall  issue 

filled.  writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

Officers,     how  5.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their  Speaker  and  other  officers,  and  shall  have  the  sole  power  of 

appointed.        impeachment. 
Senate.  Skction  III.    1.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  Senators  from  each  State,  chosen  by 

the  Legislature  thereof,  for  six  years;  and  each  Senator  shall  have  one  vote. 
Classification  of         2.  Immediately  after  they   shall  be  assembled   in  consequence  of  the  first  election,  they  shall   be  divided  as 
Soualors.  equally  as  may  be  mto  three  classes.     The  seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expiration 

of  the  second  year,  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth    year,  and  of  the  third  class  at  the   expiration 
of  the  sixth  year,  so  that  one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year;  and  if  vacancies  happen   by  resignation,  or 
otherwise,  during  the  recess  of  the  Legislature  of  any  State,  the  Executive  thereof  may  make  temporary  appoint- 
ment until  the  next  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  which  shall  then  fill  such  vacancies. 
Qualifications  of  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall   not  have   attained  to  the  age  of  thirty  years,  and  been   nine  years  a 

Senators.  citizeu  of  tae  United  States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for  which  he  shall  be 

chosen. 
President  of  the         4.  The  Vice-President  of  the  Uuited  States  shall  be  President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote  unless  they 
Senate.     .        be  equally  divided. 

6.  The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a  President  pro  tempore,  in  the  absence   of  the  Vice- 
President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States. 
Senate    a    court  6.  The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all    impeachments.     When  sitting  for  that  purpose,  they  shall  be 

for  trial  of  im-  on  oath  or  athrmation.     When  the  President  of  tne  United  States  is  tried,  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside ;  and  no 
peachments.     person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  membeij  present. 
Judgment  in  7.  Judgment  in  cases  of  impeacliment  shall  not  extend  further  than  to  removal  from  office,  and  disqualification 

cxseof  convic-  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of   houor,  trust,  or  profit  under  the  United  States  ;  but  the  party  convicted  shall  never- 
tion.  theless  be  liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and  punishment,  according  to  law. 

Elc'itionsofSen-  Skction  IV.     1.  The   times,  places,  and  manner  of  holding  elections   for  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  be 

atorsandRep-  prescribed  ia  each  State  by  the  Legislature  thereof;  but  the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by  law  noake  or  alter  such 
resentatives.     regulations,  except  as  to  places  of  choosing  Senators. 
Meeting  of  Con-         2.  The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  siioh  meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in 

gress.  December,  unless  they  shall  by  law  appoint  a  different  day. 

Organization   of         Suction  V.     1.  Each  House  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  elections,  returns,  and  qualifications  of  its  own  members. 

Congress.  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do  business;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from   day  to 

day,  and  may  be  authorised  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members  in  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties 

as  each  House  may  provide. 

Rule     of     pro-         2.  Each  Housa  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  panish  Its  members  for  disorderly  behavior,  and  with 

ceedings.  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  expel  a  memlier. 

Journals     of         3.  Each  House  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to  time  publish  the  same,  excepting  such 
each  House,     parts  as  may  iu  their  judgment  require  secrecy  ;  and  the  yeas  and   nays   of  the   members  of  eitiier  House   on  any 
question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered  on  the  journal. 
Adjoammentof         4.  Neither  House,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more 

Congress.  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  the  two  Honses  shall  be  sitting. 

Pay  and  privi-  •  Skction  VI.  1.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  compensation  for  their  services,  to  be  ascer- 
legea  of  mem-  tained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States.  They  shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felonv, 
bers.  and  breach  of  the   peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  session  of  their  respective  Houses, 

and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  House  they  shall  not  be  ques- 
tioned in  any  other  place. 
Other      offices         2.  No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he  was  elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil  office 
prohibited.        under  the  authority  of  the  United  States  which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shail  have  been 
i  ncreased  during  such  time;  and  no  person  holding  any  office  under  the  United  States  shall  be  a  member  of  either 
House  during  his  continuance  in  office. 
Revenne bills.  Skction  VII.     1.  All  bills  for  raising  revenne  shall  originate  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  but  the  Senate 

may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments,  j^s  on  other  bills. 
How     bills    be-  2.  Every  bill  which    shall   have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  and  the  Senate  shall,  before  It  become  a 

pome  laws.       \  aw.  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States;  if  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it.  bnt  if  not,  he  shall  return  it, 
with  his  objections,  to  that   House  in  which  it  shall  have  oritrinated,  who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their 

tournal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If  after  such  reconsideration  two-thirds  of  that  House  shall  agree  to  pass  the 
ill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objections,  to  the  other  House,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered; 
and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  House  it  shall  become  a  law.  Bnt  in  all  such  ca-ses  the  votes  of  lioth  Houses 
shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  auainst  the  bill  shall  be  entered 
on  the  journal  of  eai-h  House  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  President  within  ten  days 
(Sundays  excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law  fn  like  manm-r  as  if  he  had 
.,^  aigned  ;t,  unless  the  Congress  by  their  adjouruinept  prevent  ifs  return;  in  which  c»se  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

*  See  Article  XIV.,  Amendments. 


160  Constitution  of  the    United  States. 

Approval  and  3.  Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  may 
veto  powers  be  necessary  (except  on  a  question  of  a<ljoiirnnient)  shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States;  and 
of   the    Presi-  before  the  same  shall  talce  effect  shall  be  approved  by  him,  or  beinj  disapproved  by  him,  shall  be  repassed  by  two- 

:  dent.'  thirds  of  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Kepresentalives,  according  to  the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed  in  the 

case  of  a  bill. 

Powers     vested  Skctiox  VIIl.     1.  The  Confrress  shall  have  power: 

in  Congress.  To  lav  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts  and  provide  for  the  common  defence  and 

feneral  welfare  uf  the  United  States;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be  nniform  throughout  the  United 
tates. 

2.  To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States. 

3.  To  res'iljite  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  nmong  the  several  States,  and  with  the  Indian  tribes. 

4.  To  establish  an  uniform  rule  of  naturalizatiou  and  uniform  laws  on  the  subject  of  bankruptcies  throughout 
the  United  St;ites. 

5.  To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and  fix  the  standard  of  weights  and 
measures. 

6.  To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and  current  coin  of  the  United  States. 

7.  To  establish  post-offices  and  post-roads. 

8.  To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and   useful   arts  by  securing  for  limited  times  to  authors   and   Inventors 
the  exclusive  rights  to  their  respective  writings  and  discoveries. 

9.  To  constitute  tritnmals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court. 

10.  To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas,  and  offences  against  the  law  of 
nations. 

11.  To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal,  and  malce  rules  concerning  captures  on  land  and  water. 

12.  To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that  use  shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than 
two  years. 

13.  To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy. 

14.  To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and  naval  forces. 

15.  To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union,  suppress  insurrections,  and  repel 
invasions. 

16.  To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and  fos"  governing  such  part  of  thern  as  may 
be  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  reserving  to  the  States  respectively  the  appointment  of  the  officers, 
and  the  authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  Congress. 

n.  To  exercise  exclusive  legislati'in  in  all  cases  whatsoever  over  such  district  (not  exceeding  ten  miles  square) 
as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  States  and  the  ac<-eptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  Government  of  the 
United  States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased  by  the  consent  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State 
in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  drj'-docks,  and  other  needful  buildings. 

IS.  To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying  int«  execution  the  foregoing  powers,  and 

all  other  powers  vested  by  this  Constitution  in  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  ilepartment  or 

officer  thereof. 

Immlgran  ts,         Skctiom  IX.     1.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  anj*  of  the  States  now  existing  shall  think 

how  admitted,  proper  to  admit  shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Congress  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  but 

a  tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for  each  person. 

Habeas  corpus.  2.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  when  in  cases  of  rebellion  or 

Invasion  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 
Attainder.  3.  No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be  pa«sed. 

Direct  taxes.  4.  No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion  to  the  census  or  enumeration  hereinbefore 

directed  to  be  taken. 
Regulations   re-         5.  No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  State. 

garding  c  u  s-         6.  No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regul.ition  of  commerce  or  revenue  to  the  ports  of  one  State  over  those  of 
toms  duties.      another,  nor  shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one  State  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another. 
Moneys,     how  1.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury  but  in  consequence  of  appropriations  made  by  law;  and  a  reg- 

drawn.  ular  statement  an4  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from  time  to 

time. 
Titles  of  nobil-         8.  No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States.    And  no  person  holding  any  office  of  profit  or 
ity  prohibited,  trust  uuiler.them  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title  of 
any  kind  whatever  from  any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  state. 
Powers       of         Section  X.     1.  No  State  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confederation,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  re- 
Statesdefined.  prisal,  coin  money,  emit  bills  of  credit,  make  anything  but  gold  and  silver  coin   a  tender  in  payment  of  debts,  pass 
any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts,  or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

2.  No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  impost  or  duties  on  imports  or  exports,  except 
what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing  its  inspection  laws,  ami  the  net  prodiice  of  all  duties  and  imposts, 
laid  by  any  State  on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  ;  and  all  such  laws 
shall  be  subject  to  the  revision  and  control  of  the  Congress. 

3.  No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  l.ay  any  duty  of  tonnage,  keep  troops  or  ships  of  war  in 
time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact  with  another  State,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or  engage  in  war, 
unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such  imminent  diinger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

ARTICLE  II. 

Executive  pow-  Skctiov  I.  1.  The  Executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President  of  the  United  States  of  America.  He  shall 
er,  in  wnom  hold  his  otfiie  during  the  term  of  four  years,  and,  together  with  the  Vice-President,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be 
vested.  elected  as  follows: 

Electors.  2.  Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the   Legislature  thereof  may   direct,  a  number  of  electors,  equal 

to  the  whole  number  of  Senators  and  Representatives  to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  in  the  Congress;  but  no 
Senator  or  Representative  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  proKt  under  the  United  States  shall  be  appointed  an 
elector. 
Proceedings    of         3.  [The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States  and  vote  by  ballot   for  two  persons,  of  whom  one  at  least 
electors.  shall  not  l>e  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves.     And  they  shall  make  a   list   of  all  the  persons  voted 

for,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  list  they  shall   sign    and   certify  and    transmit,  sealeo,  to   the   seat 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.     The  President  of  the  Senate  shall, 
in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and   Hoase  of  Representatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be 
counted.     The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall    be   the  President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of 
Proceedings     of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if  there  be  more   than  one  who  have  such  majoritv,  and  have  an  eqiial 
the    House  of  number  of  votrs,  then  the  House  of  Representatives  shall    immediately  choose  by  ballot  one  of  them  for  President  ; 
Represe  n  t  a-aiid  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  five  highest  on  the  list  the   said    House  shall  in  like  manner  choo.we 
tives.  the  President.     Bnt  in  choosing  the    President,  the  vote   shall    be   taken    by   States,  the    represeritatiou    from   each 

State  having  one  vote.  A  quorum,  for  this  purpose,  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the 
States,  aud  a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  In  every  case,  after  the  choice  of  the  Presi- 
dent, the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  electors  shall  be  the  Vice-President.  But  if  there 
shoulil  remaiu  two  or  more  who  have  equal  votes,  the  Senate  shall  choose  fron»  thera  by  ballot  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent.]* 
Time  of  chooa-  4.  The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  electors  and  the  day  on  which  they  shaM  give  their 
Ing  electors,      votes,  which  day  shall  be  the  same  throughout  the  United  States. 

-■  *  This  clause  is  superseded  by  Article  XII.,  Amendments. 


Constitution  of  the    United  States.  IGl 

Qualific.itionsof  5.  No  person  except  a  natural  born  citizen,  or  a   citizen  of  the   United  States  at  the  time  of  the  adojition  of 

the  President,  this  Constitution,  sliall   l)e  eli(;il)le  to  the  office  of  President  ;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligiWe  to  that  olfice  who 
shall  not  liave  attained  to  the  ajfe  of  thirty-five  years  and  been  fourteen  years  a  resi<lent  within  the  United  States. 
Provision  in  6.  In  case  of  tlie  removal  of  the  President  frorii  office,  or  of  his  death,  resignation,  or  inaliility  to  discharge  the 

case  of  his  dis- powers  and  duties  of  the  said  olRce,  the  same  shall  devolve  on  the  Vice-President,  and  the  Congress  may  by  law 
ability.  provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability,  both  of  the    President  and  Vice-President,  declaring 

what  officer  shall  then  act  as  President,  and  such   officer  shall   act  accordingly  until  the   disability  be  removed  or  a 
President  shall  be  elected. 
Salary  of  the         7.  The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  compensation  which  shall  neither  be  increased 
President.         nor  diminished  during  the  period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive  within  that  period 
any  other  emolument  from  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 
Oath    of    the         8.  Before  he  enter  on  the  execution  of  his  office  heshall  take  the  following  oath  or  affirmation  s  .-i 

President.  "1  do  solemnly    swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the  office   of  President  of  the  United  States, 

and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  preserve,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 
Duties  of  the         Section  II.     1.  The  President  shall  be  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army  and   Navy  of  the  United  States,  and 
President,         of  the  militia  of  the  several  States  when  called  into  the  actual  service  of  the  United  States  ;  he  may  require  the 
opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal    officer   in  each    of  the   executive  departments  upon   any  subject  relating  to  the 
duties  of  their  respective  offices,  and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons  for  offences  against  the 
United  States  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 
Maynnake  trea-         2.  He  shall  have  power,  by   and  with   the   advice  and   consent  of  the  Senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided  two- 
ties,     appoint  thirds  of  the  Senators  present    concur  ;  and  he   shall   nominate,  and  by   and    with   the   advice    and  consent  of  the 
am  bassadors.  Senate  shall  appoint  ambassadors,  other   public   ministers  and   consuls,  judges   of  the  Supreme  Court,  and    all  «ther 
judges,  etc.       officers  of  the  United  States  whose    appointments   are  not  herein    otherwise  provided    for,  and    which   shall    be   es- 
tablished by  law  ;  but  the  Congress  may  by  law  vest  the  appointment  of  such  inferior  officers  as  they   think  proper 
In  the  Presi<lent  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  departments. 
May  fill  vacan-         3.  The  President  shall   have   power  to  fill  up   all  vacancies  that   may  happen  during  the  r«s;esa  of  the  Senate 

cies.  by  granting  commissions,  which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  their  next  session. 

May  maTte  rec-         Sbction  III.     He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  information  of  the  state  of  the  Union,  and 
ommendations  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall  judge   necessary  and  expedient;  he  may,  oh  cxtraordi- 
to     and     con-  nary  occasions,  convene  botli  Houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagreement   between  them  with  respect  to 
vene Congress,  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  mav  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall   thi«k   pro]>er;  he  shall  receive  ambassadors 
and  other  public  ministers;  he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed,  and  shall  commission  all  the 
officers  of  the  United  States. 
How       officers         Ssction  IV.    Tlie  President,  Vice-President,  and  all  civil  officers  of  the  United  States  shall  be  removed  from 
may     be     re-  office  on  impeachment  for  and  conviction  of  treason,  briberj-,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

"*"^'*-  ARTICLE  III. 

Judicial   power,  Skction  T.    The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested  In  one  Supreme  Court,  and  In  such  Inferior 

how  invested,  courts  as  the  Congress  may  from  time  to  time  ordain  and  establish.     Tlie  judges,  both  of  the  Supreme  and  inferior 
courts,  shall  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  and  shall  at  stated  times  receive  for  their  services  a  compensa- 
tion which  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 
To  what  cases  It         Sectiox  II.     1.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases  in  law  and  equity  arising  under  this  Constitution, 
extends.  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  their  autliority;  to  all  cases  affecting 

ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime  jurisdiction;  to  contro- 
versies to  which  the  United  States  shall  be  a  party;  to  controversies  between  two  or  more  .States,  between  a  State 
and  citizens  of  another  State,  between  citizens  of  different  States,  between  citizens  of  the  same  State  alaiming  lands 
under  grauts'of  different  States,  and  between  a  State,  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign  .States,  citizens,  or  subjects. 
Jurisdiction     of  2.  In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  ami  consuls,  and  those   in  which  a  State  shall  be 

the  Supreme  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  original  jurisdiction.  In  all  the  other  cases  before-mentioned  the  Supreme 
Court.  Court  shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions  and  under  such  regulations  as 

the  Consrress  shall  make. 
Rules  respecting         3.  The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be  by  jury,  and  such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the 
trials.  State  where  the  said  crimes  shall  have  been  committed:  but  when  not  committed  within  any  State  the  trial  shall  be  at 

such  place  or  places  .as  the  Congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 
Treason  defined.  Suction  III.     1.    Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only   in   levying  war  against  them,  or  In 

adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort.     No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the 
testimony  of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 
How  punished.  2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason,  but  no  attainder  of  treason  shall  work 

corruption  of  blood  or  forfeiture  except  during  the  life  of  the  person  attained. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

Rights  of  States  Skction  I.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  State  to  the  public  acts,  records,  and  judicial  proceed- 
aud  records,  ings  of  every  other  State.  And  the  Congress  may  by  general  laws  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such  acts,  records, 
and  proceedings  shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Privileges  of  Section  II.  1.  Tlie  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and  immunities  of -itizens  in 
citize7is.  the  several  States. 

Executive  requi-  2.  A  person  charged  in  any  State  with  treason,  felony,  or  other  crime,  who  shall  flee  from  justice,  and  be  found 

sitions.  in  another  State,  shall,  on  demand  of  the  Executive  authority  of  the  State  from  which  he  tied,  be  delivered  up,  to  be 

removed  to  the  State  having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

Laws  regulating  3.  No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State,  under  the  laws  thereof,  escaping  into  another  shall,  in  con- 
service  or  la-  sequence  of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be  discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered  up  on 
bor.  claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

New  States,how  Suction  III.  1.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this  Union;  but  no  new  State  shall  be 
formed  and  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any  other  State,  nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more 
admitted.  States,  or  parts  of  States,  without  tlie  consent  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  concerned,  .as  well  as  of  the  Congress. 

Power   of   Con-  2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful  rules  and   regulations  respecting  the  terri- 

gress  o  v  e  r  tory  or  other  property  belonjing  to  the  United  States:  and  notliing  in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so  construed  as  to 
public  lands,    prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any- particular  State. 

Republican  gov-  Skction  IV.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  in  this  Union  a  republican  form  of  government, 
emmentguar-  and  shall  protect  each  of  them  against  invasion,  and,  on  application  of  the  Legislature,  or  of  the  Executive  (when 
anteed.  the  Legislature  cannot  be  convened),  against  domestic  violence. 

ARTICLE    V. 

Constitution,  The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall  propose  amendments  to  this 

how  amended.  Constitution,  or,  on  the  application  of  the  Legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  States,  shall  call  a  convention  for 
proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  part  of  this  Constitution, 
when  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  three -fourths  of  the  several  States,  or  bj-  conventions  in  three-fourths  thereof,  as 
the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress;  provided  that  no  amendment  which  may 
be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  tiiousand  eight  hundred  and  eight  shall  in  any  manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth 
cl.auses  in  the  Ninth  Section  of  the  First  Article;  and  that  no  State,  without  its  consent,  shall  be  deprived  of  its 
equal  suffrage  in  the  Senate. 
Validity    of  ARTICLE   VI. 

debts  recog-  1.  All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into  before  the  .adoption  of  this  Constitution  s)iall  be  ^  va)i4 

nized.  against  the  UP'ted  States  under  tljjs  Constitution  as  under  the  Confederation. 


J62  Constitution  of  the    United  States. 

Bnpreme  law  of         2.  This  Constitution   and  the   laws  of  the  United   States  which  shall  be  made  in  pursuance  thereof  and  all 

tne    land   de-  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  lie    the  supreme   law  of  the 

fined.  land,  and  the  judsres  in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in  the  Constitution  or  laws  of  any  State 

to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

Oath;   of  whom         3.  The  Senators  and  Ecpresentativea  before   mentioned,  and  the  members  of  the  several  State  Legislatures,  and 

required     and  all  executive  and  judicial  officers,  both  of  the  Uniteil  States  and   of  the   several  States,   shall   be   bound  by  oath  or 

for  what.  affirmation  to  support  this  Constitution  ;  but  no  religious  test  shall  ever  be  required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office 

or  public  trust  under  the  United  SUites. 

AUTICLE    VII. 

Ratification  of  The  ratification  of  the  Conventions  of  nine  States  shall  be  sufficient  for  the  establishment  of  this  Constitntion 
the    Constitn-  between  the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 

"**°*  AWENDMENTS    TO    THE    CONSTITUTION. 

ARTICLE   I. 

Belielon     and         Coneress  shall  mate  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion,  or  prohibiting^  the  free  exercise  thereof ; 
free  speech.      <"■  abridging  the  f  reetloin  of  speech  or  of  the  press  ,  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble,  and  to  peli- 
^^  tion  the  Oovemineut  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

ARTICLE   II. 

Right  to  bear  A  well-regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear 
arms.  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

ARTICLE    III. 

Soldiers  In  time  No  soldier  shall,  In  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner,  nor  in  time  of 
of  peace.  war  but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

ARTICLE   IV. 

Rigfatof  search.  The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers,  and  effects,  against  unreasonable  searches 
and  seizures,  shall  not  be  violated,  and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or 
affirmation,  and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched,  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

ARTICLE   V. 

Capital     crimes         No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  other  infamous  crime  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment 

and   a  rr  est  of  a  grand  jury,  except  in  cases  arising  in    the    land    or   naval    forces,  or    in    the    militia,  when  in  actual  service.  In 

therefor.  time  of  war  or  public  danger  ;  nor  shnll  any  person  be  subject  for  the   same  offence   to  be    twice  put  in  jeopardy  of 

life  or  limb  ;  nor  shall  be  compelled  in  .sny  criminal  case   to  be  a   witness  against   himself,  nor   be  deprived  of  life, 

liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law;  nor  shall  priva^  property  be  taken  for  public  use  without  just 

compensation. 

ARTICLE   VI. 

Rlf^ht  to  speedy  In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  impartial 
triaL  jury  of  the  State  and  district  wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been   committed,  which  district  shall  have  been  previous- 

ly  ascertaineil    by  law,  and  to  be  informed   of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation  ;  to  be   confronted    with  the 
witnesses  against  him;  to  have   compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor,  and  to  have   the  as 
sistance  of  counsel  for  his  defence. 

ARTICLE   VII. 

Trial  by  jury.  In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed  twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury 

shall  be  preserved,  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United  States 
than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law . 

ARTICLE   VIII. 

Excessive  balL  Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  requireil,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  cmel  and  nnosnal  pnnishments  inflicted. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

Knameration  of  The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution  of  certain  rights  shall  not  be  constraed  to  deny  or  disparage  others  re. 
riehts.  talned  by  the  people. 

ARTICLE   X. 

Reserved  rights  The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  tlie  Constitution, aor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  States,  are  re* 
of  States.         served  to  the  States  respectively,  or  to  the  people. 

ARTICLE   XI. 

Judicial  power.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any  suit  In  law  or  equity,  com- 

menced or  prosecuted  against  one  of  the  United  States,  by  citizens  of  another  State,  or  by  citizens  or  subjects  of 
any  foreign  State. 

ARTICLE   XII. 

Electors  In  The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  ami  vote  by  ballot  for  President  and  Vice-President,  one  of 
Pre  8  idential  whom  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhaliit-int  of  the  same  State  with  themselves;  they  shall  name  in  their  ballots  the 
elections.  person  voted  for  as  President,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the   person   voted   for  as  Vice-President;  and  they  shall  make 

distinct  lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and  of  the  num- 
ber of  votes  for  eacti,  which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate  ;  the  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representiitives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted  j  the  person  hav- 
ing the  greatest  nunjber  of  votes  for  President  shall  be  the  President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  or  the  whole 
number  of  electors  appointeil;  and  if  no  person  have  such  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the  highest  num- 
bers, not  exceeding  three,  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as  President,  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  im- 
mediately, by  ballot,  tiie  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  vot*a  shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  repre- 
sentation from  ench  State  having  one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from 
two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives shall  not  choose  a  President,  whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the  fourth 
day  of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice-President  shall  act  as    President,  as  in  the  case   of  the    death    or  other 

Yles-Prestdent.  constitutional  disability  of  the  President.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  as  Vice-President  shall 
be  the  Vice-President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person 
have  a  majority,  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list  the  Senate  shall  choose  the  Vice-President ;  a 
qnorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole 
number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  But  no  person  constitutionally  ineligible  to  the  office  of  President  shall  t»« 
eligible  to  that  of  Vice-Presideat  of  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE    XIII. 

Slavery  pro-  1.  Neither  slavery  n'^r  Itivolnnt.-iry  servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for  crime  whereof  the  party  shall 
hiblted.  have  been  iluly  convictHd,  sh.ill  exist  within  the  United  Stat»4,  or  any  place  subject  to  their  jurisdictvqat 

8.  Coogrcwis  shall  have  {>«wer  to  enforce  this  article  by  apprapriate  legislation. 


The   National   Flag.  1G3 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES— C'o»<m«e(Z. 


ARTICLE   XIV. 

Protection      for         1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the 

all  citizens.       UnittiJ  States  and  of  ;he  State  wherein  they  reside.     No  Suite  shall  make  or  enforce  any  law  which  shall  abridge  the 

privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens  of  the  Unit<;d  States;  nor  shall  any  State  deprive  any  person  of  llf^,  liberty,  of 

property  without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

Apportionment  2.  Representatives  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several  Slates  according  to  their  respective  num.jers,  counting 

of    Kepresen-  the  whole  number  of  persons  in  each  State,  excluding  Indians  not  taxed.     But  when  the  riglit  to  vote  at  any  election 

tatives.  ^°^  ^^^  choice  of  electors  for  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  Representatives  in  CongreSs,  the  ex* 

ecutive  and  judicial  officers  of  a  State,  or  the  members  of  the  Legislature  thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  nlem» 

bers  of  such  State,  being  of  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  citizens  of  the  United  .States,  or  in  any  way  abridged,  ex. 

cept  for  participation  in  rebellion  or  other  crime,  the  basis  of  representition  therein   shall  be  reduced  in  the  propor« 

tiou  which  the  number  of  such  male  citlzeas  shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male  citizens  twenty-one  years  of 

age  in  such  State. 

Rebellion  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representatlre  In  Congress,  or  elector  of  President  and  Vice-President,  or 

against      the  holding  any  office,  civil  or  military,  under  the  United  States,  or  under  any  State,  who,  having  previously  t;iken  an 

United  States,  oath,  as  a  member  of  Congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  or  as  a  member  of  any  State  Legislature,  or  as 

an  executive  or  judicial  otficer  of  any  State,  to  support  the  Constitution   of  the  United  States,  shall  have  engaged  in 

insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  same,  or  given  aid  aud  comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof.    But  Congress  may,  by 

a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each  House,  remove  such  disability. 

The      pnbllc         4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States,  authorized  by  law,  fnclnding  debts  incurred  for  payment 

debt*  of  pensions  and  bounties  for  services  in  suppressing  insurrection  and  rebellion,  shall  not  be  questioned.    But  neither 

the  United  States  nor  any  State  shall  assume  or  pay  any  debt  or  obligation  incurred  in  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion 

against  the  United  States,  or  any  claim  for  the  loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave  ;  but  all  such  debts,  obligations, 

and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and  void. 

5.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  by  appropriate  legislation  the  provisions-of  this  article. 

ARTICLE    XV. 

Right    of    snf-         1.  The  right  of  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States  or 
irage.  by  any  State  on  account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

3.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  the  pro\  isions  of  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation* 

RATIFICATION    OF    THE    CONSTITUTION, 

The  Constitution  was  ratified  by  the  thirteen  original  States  in  the  following  order  J 

Delaware,  December  7,  1787,  unanimously. 
Pennsylvania,  December  1'2,  1787,  vote  46  to  23 
New  Jersey,  December  18,  1787,  unanimously. 
Georgia,  January  2,  1788,  unanimously. 
Connecticut,  January  9,  1788,  vote  128  to  40. 


Massachusetts,  February  6,  1788,  vote  187  to  168. 
Maryland,  April  28,  1788,  vote  63  to  12. 


South  Carolina,  May  23,  1788,  vote  149  to  7S, 

New  Hampshire,  June  21,  1788,  vote  67  to  46. 

Virginia,  June  25,  1788,  vote  89  to  79. 

New  Tork,  July  26,  1788,  vote  30  to  28. 

North  Carolina^  Noveuil>er  21,  1789,  vote  193  to  TS. 

Rhode  Islaud,  May  29,  1790,  vole  34  to  32. 


RATIFICATION    OF    THE    AMENDMENTS. 

I.  to  X.  inclnsive  were  declared  In  force  December  15,  1791. 

XI.  was  declared  in  force  January  8,  1798. 

Xll.,  regulating  elections,  was  ratified  by  all  the  States  except  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Massachusetts,  and  New  Hampshire,  which 

rejected  it.     It  was  declared  in  force  September  28,  1804. 
XIII.  The  eniancipation  amendment  was  ratified  by  31  of  the  36  States  ',  rejected  by  Delaware  and  Kentucky,  not  acted  on  by  Texas  ; 

coiulitionally  ratified  by  Alabama  ann  Mississippi.     Proclaimed  December  18,  1865. 
XrV.  Reconstruction  amendment  was  ratified  by  23  Northern  States;  rejected  by  Delaware,  Kentucky,  Maryland,  and  10  Southern 

States,  and  not  acted  on  by  California.    The  10  Southern  States  subsequently  ratified  under  pressure.    Proclaimed  Julv  28,  1868. 
XV.  Negro  citizenship  amendment  was  not  acted  on  by  Tennessee,  rejected  by  California,   Delaware,   Kentucky,  Maryland,  New 

Jersey,  and  Oregon  ;  ratified  by  the  remaining  30  States.    New  York  rescinded  its  ratification  January  5,  1870.    Proclaimed 

March  30, 1870. 


Suijc  Xatioual  jFlau^ 


The  official  flagr of  the  ITnited  States  beai-s  forty- five  white  stars  Id  ablne  field,  arranged  In  six 
rows— the  first,  third,  and  filth  rows  having  eight  stars  each,  and  the  others  se%-en  stars  each. 
(When  Oklahoma  is  arlmitted  to  the  Union  the  number  of  stars  will  be  increased  to  46.)  The 
garrison  flag  of  the  Army  is  made  of  bunting,  thirty-six  feet  fly  aud  twenty  feet  hoist;  tliirteeii 
stripes, and  in  the  upper  quarter,  next  the  staff,  istlie  field  or  "utiion"  of  stars,  equal  to  the  number  of 
States,  on  blue  field,  over  one-third  length  of  the  flag,  extending  to  the  lower  edge  of  the  fourth  red 
stripe  from  the  top.  The  storm  flivg  is  twenty  feet  by  ten  feet,  and  the  recruiting  flau' nine  feet  nine 
inches  by  four  feet  four  inches.  The  "American  Jack"  is  the  "union"'  or  blue  field  of  the  flag.  The 
Tievenne  Marine  Service  flag,  authorized  by  act  of  Congress,  ;>rarch  2,  1799,  was  originally  prescribed 
to  • 'consist  of  sixteen  perpeudicularstripes,  alternate  red  and  white,  tlie  union  of  the  ensign  bearing 
tlie  arms  of  the  United  States  in  dark  blue  on  a  white  field."  The  sixteen  stripes  represented  tlie 
immberof  States  which  had  been  admitted  to  the  Union  at  that  time,  and  no  change  ha,s  been 
made  since.  Prior  to  1871  it  bore  an  eagle  in  the  unioti  of  the  pennant,  which  was  then  substituted  bv 
-tliirteen  blue  stars  in  a  white  field,  but  the  eagfle  and  stars  are  still  retained  in  the  flag.  June  14,  the 
•  anniversary  of  the  adoption  of  the  flag,  is  celebrated  as  Flag  Day  in  a  large  part  of  the  Union. 

IN   ORDER  TO   SHOW  PROPER  RESPECT   FOR   THE   FLAG   THE   FOLI/DWING   CERE- 
MONY SHOULD  BE  OBSERVED: 

It  should  not  be  hoisted  before  sunrise  nor  allowed  to  remain  up  after  .sunset. 

At  "retreat,"  sunset,  civilian  spectators  shnull  stand  at  "attention"  and  uncover  during  the 
playingofthe  '*  Star  Spangled  Banner, "  IMilitary  spectators  are  required  by  regulation  to  stand 
at  ''attention"   and  give  the  military  salute. 

When  the  National  colors  are  passing  on  parade,  or  in  review,  the  spectator  should,  if  walking, 
halt,  and  if  sitting,  arise  and  stand  at  attention  and  uncover. 

When  the  flag  is  flown  at  half  staff  as  a  sign  of  mourning  it  should  be  hoisted  to  full  staff  at  the 
conclusion  of  the  funeral. 

.  In  placing  the  flag  at  halfstaff.it  should  first  be  hoisted  to  the  top  of  the  staff  and  then  lowered  to 
position,  and  prelisuinarv  to  lowering  from  liiilf  staff,  it  should  be  first  raised  to  tlie  top. 

On  Memorial  Day,  May  30,  the  flag  should  fly  at  h.ilf  staff  from  sunrise  to  noon  and  full  staff  from 
noon  to  sunset.  —Soiis  oftht  devolution  in  the  State  of  New  York. 


164  Constitution  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

(H:onstittttion  of  tijr  <Statr  oC  Kcio  ¥otfe» 

Preamble.  Wk,  the  people  of  the  State  of  New  York,  grateful  to  Almighty  God  for  our  freedom,  in  order  »  eccoro 

its  blessing,  do  establish  this  Constitution. 

ARTICLE  I. 

The  right    to         Skctiov  I.    No  member  of  this  State  shall  be  disfranchised,  or  deprived  of  any  of  the  rights  and  prjvi- 

vote.  leges  secured  to  any  citizen  thereof,  u.iless  by  the  law  of  the  land,  or  the  judgment  nf  his  peers. 

Jury  trial.  Skctiox  II,     The   trial  by  jury  in  all  cases  in  which  it  has  been  heretofore  used  sliall  remain   inviolate 

forever  ;  but  a  jury  trial  may  be  waiveJ  by  the  parties  in  all  civil  cases  in  the  manner  to  lie  presci  ibed  by  law. 
Religious     free-         Section  III.    Tlie  free  exercise  and  enjoyment  of  religious  profession  and  worship,  without  disrriMiination 
dom.  or  i>reference,  shall  forever  be  allowed  in  tliis  State  to  all  mankind  ;  and  no  person  shall  be  rendered  incom- 

petent to  be  a  witness  on  account  of  his  opinions  on  matters  of  religious  belief  ;  but  the  liberty  of  conscience 
hereby  secured  shall  not  De  so  construed  as  to  excuse  acts  of  licentiousness,  or  jus, if  y  practices  inconsistent 
with  the  peace  or  safety  of  this  State. 
Writ  of   habeas         Skction  IV.    The  privilege  of  the  writ  of 'habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  when,  in  cases  of 

corpus.  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  public  safety  may  require  its  suspension. 

Excessive  bail.  Skctios  V.    Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required  nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  shall  cruel  and  unusual 

punishments  be  inflicted,  nor  shall  witnesses  be  unreasonably  detained. 
A      citizen's         Section  VI.    No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  otherwise  infamous  crime  (except  in  cases 
.rights,  of  impeachment,  and  in  eases  of  militia  when  In  actual  service,  and  the  land  and  naval  forces  iu  time  of  war 

or  wiiich  tbis  State  may  keep  with  the  consent  of  Congress  in  time  of  peace,  and  in  cases  of  petit  larceny, 
under  the  regulation  of  the  Legislature),  unless  on  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  and  in  any 
trial  in  any  court  whatever  the  party  accused  shall  be  allowed  to  appear  and  defend  in  p.'rson  and  with  counsel 
.  as  in  civil  actions.  No  person  sliall  be  subject  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  for  the  same  offence  ;  nor  shall  he 
be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a  witness  against  himself ;  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty  or  property 
without  due  process  of  law;  nor  shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just  compensation. 
Protection,  Section  VII.    When  private  property  shall  be  taken  for  any  public  use,  the  compensation  to  be  made  there- 

for, when  such  compensation  Is  not  made  by  the  State,  shall  be  ascertaine.l  by  a  jury,  or  by  not  less  than  three 
commissioners  appointed  by  a  court  of  record,  as  shall  be  prescribed  bylaw.  Private  roads  may  be  opened 
in  the  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law }  but  In  every  casethe  necessity  of  the  road  and  the  amount  of  all 
damage  to  be  sustained  by  the  opening  thereof  shall  be  first  determined  by  a  jury  of  freeholders,  and  such 
amount,  together  witli  the  expenses  of  the  proceeding,  shall  be  paid  by  the  person  to  be  benefited.  General 
laws  may  be  passea  permitting  the  owners  or  occupants  of  agricultural  lands  to  construct  and  maintain 
for  the  drainage  thereof,  necessary  drains,  ditches  and  dykes  upon  the  lands  of  others,  under  proper  restric- 
tions and  with  just  compensation,  but  no  special  law  shall  be  enacted  for  such  purposes. 
Freedom,  of  Skction  VIII.  Every  citizen  may  freely  speak,  write,  and  publish  his  sentiments  on  all  subjects,  being 
speech.  responsible  for  the  abuse  of   that  right;    and  no  law  shall   be  passed   to   restrain   or  abridge  the   liberty  of 

speech  or  of  the  press.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions  or  indictments  for  libels,  the  trutb  may  be  given  in 
evidence  to  the  jury  ;  and  if  it  shall  appear  to  the  jury  that  the  matter  charged  as  libelous  is  true,  and  was 
published  with  good  motives  and  for  ;]uslifiable  ends,  the  party  shall  be  acquitted  ;  and  the  jury  shall  have 
the  right  to  determine  the  law  and  the  fact. 
Right  of  Peti-  Skction  IX,  No  law  shall  be  passed  abridging  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble  and  to 
tion.  petition  the  Government,  or  any  department  thereof  ;  nor  shall  any  divorce  be  granted  otherwise  than  by  due 

»  judicial  proceedings;  nor  shall  any  lottery  or  the   sale  of  lottery  tickets,  pool-selling,  book-making,  or  any 

other  kind  of  gambling  hereafter  be  authorized  or  allowed  within  this  State  ;   and  tiie  Legislature  shall  pass 
appropriate  laws  to  prevent  oflfences  against  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  section. 
Escheats.  Skction  X,    The  people  of  this  State,  in  their  right  of  sovereignty,  are  doemed   to  possess  the  original 

and  ultimate  property  in  and  to  all  lands  within  the  justification  of   this  State  ;    aud   all   lands  the   title  to 
wiiicli  shall  f  lil  from  a  defect  of  heirs,  shall  revert,  or  escheat  to  the  people. 
Abolition  of  feu-         Skctiom  XI.    All  feudal  tenures  of  every  des-ription,  with  all  their  incidents,  are  declared  to  be  abolished, 
dal  tenures,       saving,  however,  all  rents  aud  services  certain,  which  at  any  time  heretofore   have   been  lawfully  created  or 
reserved. 
Lands  vested  in         Section  XII.    All  lands  within  this  State  aredeclared  to  be  allodial,  so  that,  subject  only  to  the  liability 
owners.  to  escheat,  the  entire  and  absolute  property  is  vested  in  the  owners,  according  to   the  nature  of  their  respective 

estates. 
Agricultural         Sbctiov  XIII.    No  lease    or    grant  of  agricultural  land,  for  a   longer  period  than  12  years,  hereafter 

land  leases,      made,  in  which  shall  be  reserved  any  rent  or  service  of  any  kind,  shall  be  valid. 
Abolition  of         Section  XIV.    All  fines,  quarter-sales  or  other  like,  restraints  upon  alienation,  reserved  in  any  grant  of 

tines.  land  hereafter  to  be  made.shall  be  void. 

Lands  owned  by         Section  XV.    No  purchase  or  contract  for  the  sale  of  lands  in  this   State,  made  since  October  14,1775; 
Indians.  or  which  may  hereafter  be  made,  of,  or  with  the  Indians,  shall  be  valid,  unless  made  under  the  authority,  and 

with  the  consent  of  the  Legislature. 
The    common         Section  XVI.     Such  parts  of  the  common  law,  and  of  the  acts  of  the  Legislature  of  the  colony  of  New 
law,  York,  as  together  did  form  the  law  of  the  said  colony,  on  April  19,  1775,  and  the  resolutions  of  the  Congress  of 

the  said  colony,  and  of  the  convention  of  the  State  of  New  York,  in  force  April  20,  17^,  which  have  not  since 
expired,  or  been  repealed  or  altered  ;  and  such  acts  of  the  Legislature  of  this  State  as  are  now  in  force,  shall 
be  and  continue  the  law  of  this  State,  subject  to  such  alterations  as  the  Legislature  shall  make  concerning  the 
stme.  But  all  such  parts  of  the  common  law,  and  such  of  the  said  acts,  or  parts  thereof,  as  are  repugnant  to 
this  Constitution,  are  hereby  abrogated. 
Grant  of  land  o?  Section  XVII.     All  grants  of  land  within  this  State,  made  by  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  or  persons  acting 

the  K  ng  of  Knder  his  authority,  after  October  14,  1775,  shall  be  null  and  void  ;  but  nothing  contained  in  this  Const! tutioa 
.Great  Britain,  shall  affect  any  grants  of  laud  within  thisState,  made  by  the  authority  of  the  said  king  or  his  predecessors,  or 
shall  annul  any  charters  to  bodies  politic  or  corporate,  by  him  or  them  made,  before  that  day;  or  shall  affect 
any  such  grants  or  charters  si  nee  made  by  thisState,  or  by  persons  acting  under  its  authority;  or  shall  impair 
the  obi  ga tion  of  any  dehu,  contracted  by  the  State  or  individuals,  or  bodies  corporate,  or  any  other  rights  of 
property,  or  any  suits,  actions,  rights  of  action,  or  other  proceedings  iu  courts  of  justice. 
Damages      for  Skction  XVIII.     The  right  of  action  now  existing  to  recover  damages  for  injuries  resulting  in  death, 

death  injuries,  shall  never  be  abrogated  ;  and  the  amount  recoverable  shall  not  be  subject  to  any  8t:itutory  limitation. 

.   {-v  ARTICLE  II. 

Q  n  a  I  i  f  ications  Section  T.  Every  male  citizen  of  the  age  of  21  years,  who  shall  have  been  a  citizen  for  90  days,  and  an 
for  Voting.  inhabitant  of  this  State  one  year  next  precu-ding  an  election,  and  for  the  last  four  months  a  resident  of  the 
county,  and  for  the  last  30  ilays  a  resident  of  the  election  district  in  which  he  may  offer  his  vote,  shall  be  en- 
titled to  vote  at  such  election  in  the  election  district  of  which  he  shall  at  the  time  be  a  resident,  and  not  else- 
where, for  all  oflScers  that  now  are  or  hereafter  maybe  elective  by  the  people,  and  upon  all  questions  which  may 
be  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  peiple,  provided  that  in  time  of  war  no  elector  in  the  actual  military  service  of 
the  State,  or  of  the  United  States,  in  the  army  or  navy  thereof  shall  be  deprived  of  his  vote  by  reason  of  his 
absence  from  snch  election  district ;  and  the  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  provide  the  manner  in  which  and 
the  time  and  place  at  which  suchal)s^nt  electors  may  vote,  and  for  the  return  and  canvass  of  their  votes  in  the 
election  distrf^ts  in  which  th?v  respectively  reside. 

Persons  not  per-         Skction  II.     No  persm  who  shall  receive,  accept  or  offer  to  receive,  or  pay,  offer  or  promise  to  pay,  con- 

mitted  tOTOte.  tribute,  offer  or  promise  to  contribute  to  another,  to  be  paid  or  used,  any  money  or  other  valuable  thing  as  a 

compensation  or  reward  for  the  giving  or  withholding  a  vote  at  an  election,  or  who  shall  make  any  promise  to 

indueuce  the  giving  or  withhold! ug  any  snch  vote,  or  who  shall  make  or  become  directly  or  indirectly  interested 


A 


Constitution  of  the  State  of  N'ew   York,  165 

In  any  bet  of  Wftpf  tletJettding  upon  the  result  of  any  election,  shall  vote  at  such  eli-ction  ;  and  upon  challenge 
foi*  such  cause,  the  person  so  challenged,  before  tlie  officers  authorized  for  that  purpose  shall  receive  his  vote, 
shall  swear  oraflirm  bef'^re  such  officers  that  he  has  not  received  or  offered,  iloes  not  expect  to  receive,  has 
not  paid.offereil  or  promised  to  pay,  contributed,  offered  or  promised  toc(.ntribtite  to  another,  lobe  paidor  I'ised, 
any  money  or  other  valuable  thing  as  a  compeusatiou  or  reward  for  the  Kivin;<  or  withhtdiling  a  vote  at  such 
election,  and  has  not  made  any  promise  to  nor  made  or  become  directly  or  indirectly  interested  in  any  bet  or 
wager  depending  upon  the  result  of  such  election.  The  Legislature  shall  enact  laws  excluding  from  the  right 
of  suffrage  all  persons  convicted  of  bribery  or  any  infamous  crime. 
The  question  of  Section  HI.  For  the  purpose  of  voting,  no  person  shall  be  deemed  to  have  gained  or  lost  a  residence,  by 
,    residence.  reason  of  his  presence  or  aljsem^e,  while  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  ;   nor  while  en;:aged  ia 

the  navigition  of  the  waters  of  this  State,  or  of  the  United  States,  or  of  the  high  seas ;  nor  wiille  a'siudenk 
of  any  seminary  of  learning;  nor  while  kept  at  any  almshouse,  or  other  asylum,  or  institution  wholly  or 
partly  supported  at  public  expense  or  by  charity  ;  nor  while  confined  In  any  public  prison. 
Elect  I  on   and         Skction  IV.     Laws  shall  be  made  for  ascertaining,  by  proper  proofs,  the  citizens  who  shall  be  entitled  to 
reg  is  tration  the  right  of  suffrage  hereby  establislied,  and  for  the  registration  of  voters  ;  which  registration  shall  be  com- 
laws.  pleted  at  least  ten  days  before  each  election.    Such  registration  shall  not  be  required  for  town  and  villaga 

elections  except  by  express  provision  of  law.  In  cities  and  vill.iges  having  5,000  inhabitants  or  more,  accord- 
ing to  the  last  preceding  State  enumeration  of  inhabitants,  voters  shall  be  registered  upon  personal  application 
only;  but  voters  not  resiiling  in  such  cities  or  villages  shall  not  be  required  to  apply  in  person  for  registration 
at  the  first  meeting  of  the  officers  having  charge  or  the  registry  of  voters. 
Method  of  vot-  Skctiox  V.  All  elections  by  the  citizens,  except  for  such  town  officers  as  may  by  law  be  directed  to  be 
ittgi  Otherwise  chosen,  shall  be  by  ballot,  or  by  such  other  method  as  maybe  prescribed  .by  law,  provided  that 

SeOrecy  in  voting  be  preserved. 

B  t  -  r  a  r  t  i  s  a  h  SKc-Tioii  Vt.  All  laWs  creating,  regulating  or  affecting  boards  of  officers  charged  with  the  duty  of  regis- 
E  1  e  c  t  i  on  tering  voters,  or  of  distributing  ballots  at  the  poles  to  voters,  or  of  receiving,  recording  or  counting  votes  at 
Boards.  elections,  shall  secure  equal  representation  of  the  two  political  parties  which,  at  the  general  election  next  pre- 

ceding that  for  which  such  boards  or  officers  are  to  serve,  cast  the  highest  and  the  next  highest  number  ot  votes. 
All  such  boards  an<l  officers  shall  be  appointed  or  elected  in  such  manner,  and  upon  th?  nomination  of  such 
representatlvts  of  said  parties  respectively,  as  the  Legislature  may  direct.  Existing  laws  on  this  subject  shall 
continue  until  the  Legislature  shall  otherwise  provide.  This  section  shall  not  apply  to  town  meetings,  or  to 
village  elections. 
Power  of  Legis-  ARTICLE  III. 

lation.  Section  I.    The  legislative  power  of  this  State  shall  be  vested  in  the  Senate  and  Assembly. 

Number  of  Sen-  Section  IL    The  Senate  shall   consist  of  50  members,  except    as   hereinafter  provided.    The  Senators 

ators  and  As-  elected  in  (he  year  1895  shall  hold  their  offices  forj  three  years,  and  their  successors  shall  be  chosen  for  two 
eemblymen.       years.    The  Assembly  shall  consist  of  150  members,  who  snail  be  choseu  for  one  year. 

~^  [NoTK,  Sections  III,  IV  and  V  of  this  article,  which  provided  in  1895  for  a  division  of  the  State  Into  50 
Senate  districts  and  150  Assembly  districts  have  been  virtually  superseded  by  the  Legislative  Apportionment 
Aet  o£  1907,  a  summary  of  which  is  given  elsewhere  in  this  volume.] 

Salaries  of  mem-         Section  Vt.    Each  member  of  the  Legislature  shall  receive  for  hl8  services  an  annual  salary  of  $1,F00. 
bers    of     the  The  members  of  either  House  shall  also  receive  the  sum  of  one  dollar  for  every  ten  miles  they  shall  travel  in 
Legislature.       going  to  and  returning  from  their  place  of  meeting,  once   in  each  session,  on  the  most  usual  route.  Senators, 
when  the  Senate  alone  is  convened  in  extraordinary  session,  or  when  serving  as  members  of  the  Court  for  the 
Trial  of  Impeachments,  and  such  members  of  the  Assembly,  not  exceeding  nine  members,  as  shall  be  ap- 
pointed managers  of  an  impeachment,  shall  receive  an  additional  allowance  of  ten  dollars  a  day. 
Civil  appoint-         Section  VII.    No  member  of  the  Legislature  shall  receive  any  civil  appointment  within  this  State,  or  the 
tnetits      pro- Senate  of  the  United  States,  from  the  Governor,  the  Governor  and  Senate,  or  from  the  Legislature,  or  from 
hlbitedj  any  city  government,  during  the  time  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected;  and  all  such  appointments  and  all 

votes  given  for  any  such  member  for  anysuch  office  or  appointment  shall  be  void. 
I  n  e  1  i  g  ihle  for         Section  Vltt.    No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  Legislature,  who  at  the  time  of  his  election.  Is,  or  within 
Election.  100  days  previous  thereto  has  been,  a  member  of  Congress,  a  civil  or  military  officer  under  the  United  States, 

or  an  officer  under  any  city  government.    And  if  any  person  shall,  after  his  election  as  a  member  of  the 
Legislature,  be  elected  to  (jongress,  or  appointed  to  any  office,  civil  or  military,  under  the  Government  of-  the 
United  States,  or  under  any  city  government,  his  acceptance  thereof  shall  vacate  his  seat. 
When     elections         Section  IX.    The  elections  of  Senators  and  members  of  Assembly,  pu-rsuant  to  the  provisions  of  this  Con- 
shall  be  held,    stitution,  shall  be  held  on  the  Tuesday  succeeding  the  first  Monday  of  November,  unless  otherwise  directed  by 
the  Legislature. 
Authority  gf         Section  X.    A  majority  of  each  House  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do  business.     Each  House  shall  deter- 
each  House.       mine  the  rules  of  its  own  proceedings,  and  be  the  judite  of  the  elections,  returns  and  qualifications  of  its  own 
members ;  shall  choose  its  own  officers  ;  and  the  Senate  shall  choose  a  temporary  president  to  preside  in  case 
of  the  absence  or  impeachment  of  the  Lleutenant-Goyernor,  or  when  he  snail  refuse  to  act  as  president,  or 
shall  act  as  Governor. 
Journals  of  the         Section  XI,    Each  House  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  publish  the  same,  except  such  parts 
Houses.  as  may  require  secrecy.    The  doors  of  each  House  shall  be  kept  open,  except  when  the  public  welfare  shall 

Members  not  to  require  secrecy.    Neither  House  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  two  days. 
be  questioned         Section  XII.    For  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  House  of  the  Legislature,  the  members  shall  not  be  ques- 
for  debate.        tioned  in  any  other  place. 
Bills  to  originate         Section  XIII,    Any  bill  may  originate  in  either  House  of  the  Legislature,  and  all  bills  passed  by  one 

ineitherllouse  House  may  be  amended  by  the  other. 
The  enacting  Skctmn  XIV.    The  enacting  clause  of  alt  bills  shall  be  "  The  People  of  the  State  of  New  York,  repre- 

clause  of  bills,  sented  In  Senate  and  Assembly,  do  enact  as  follows,"  and  no  law  shall  be  enacted  except  by  bill. 

Method  of  pass-  Section  XV.    No  bill  shall  be  passed  or  become  a  law  unless  it  shall  have  beeu   printe<l  and  upon  the 

ing  bills.  desks  of  the  members,  in  its  final  form,  at   least  three  calendar  legislative  days  prior  to  Its  final  passage, 

unless  the  (iovernor,  or  the  acting  Governor,  shall  have  certified  to  the  necessity  of  its  Immediate  passage, 

under  his  hand  and  the  seal  of  the  State  ;  nor  shall  any  bill  be  passed  or  become  a  law,  except  by  the  assent  of 

a  majority  of  the  members  elected   to  each  branch  of  the  Legislature  ;  and  ui)on  the  last  reading  of  a  bill,  no 

amendment  thereof  shall  be  allowed,  and  the  question  upon  Its  linal  passage  shall  be  taken   immediately 

One    subject    in  thereafter,  and  the  yeas  and  nays  entered  on  the  journal. 

p  ri  V  a  t  e  and  Section  XVI.    No  private  or  local  bill,  which  may  be  passed  by  the  Legislature,  shall  embrace  more  than 

local  bills.  one  subject,  and  that  shall  be  expressed  in  the  title. 

Existing  law  Section  XVII.    No  act  shall  be  passed  which  shall  provide  that  any  existing  law,  or  any  part  thereof, 

and  new  law.   shall  be  made  or  deemed  a  part  of  said  act,  or  which  shall  enact  that  any  existing  law,  or  part  thereof,  shall 
•  be  applicable,  except  by  inserting  it  in  such  act. 

Legislature    not  Section  XVIII.    The  Legislature  shall  not  pass  a  private  or  local  bill  In  any  of  the  following  cases  : 

to  pass  certain  Changing  the  name  of  persons, 

bills  Locating  or  chans:ing  county  seats. 

Providing  for  changes  of  venue  in  civil  or  criminal  cases. 
Incorporating  villages. 

Providing  for  election  of  members  of  boards  of  supervisors. 
Selecting,  drawing,  summoning  or  impanelling  grand  or  petit  jurors. 
Regulating  the  rate  of  interest  on  money. 

The  opening  and  conducting  of  elections  or  designating  places  of  voting. 

Creating,  increasing  or  decreasing  fees,  percentages  or  i^lfowances  of  public  officers,  during  the  term  for 
which  said  officers  are  elected  or  a,ppointed.  '  ' 


166  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Kew   York. 

Granting  to  any  corporation,  assnciatlon  or  Individual  the  right  to  lay  down  railroad  tracks.  "^ 

Granting  to  any  private  corporation,  association  or  individual  any  exclusive  privilege,  immunity  or  frao* 
chise  whatever. 

Granting  to  any  persons,  association,  firm  or  corporation,  an  exemption  from  taxation  on  real  or  personal 
property. 

Providing  for  building  bridges,  and  chartering  companies  for  such  purposes,  except  on  the  Hudson  Kiver 
bdow  Waterford,  and  "n  ine  East  Kiver,  or  over  the  waters  forming  a  part  of  the  boundaries  of  the  State. 

The  l<egisiature  shall  pass  general  laws  providing  for  the  cases  enumerated  in  this  section,  and  for  all 
other  cases  which  in  its  jud^Tnent,  may  be  provided  for  by  general  laws.  But  uo  law  shall  authorize  the  con- 
straction  or  operation  of  a  street  railroad  except  upon  the  condition  that  the  consent  of  the  owners  of  one- 
half  in  value  of  the  property  bounded  on,  and  the  consent  also  of  thelocal  authorities  having  the  control  of,  that 
portion  of  a  street  or  highway  upon  which  it  is  proposed  to  construct  or  operate  such  railroad  be  first  obtained, 
or  in  case  the  consent  of  such  property  owners  cannot  be  obtained,  the  Appellate  Division  of  the  Supreme 
Court  in  the  department  in  whicu  it  is  proposed  to  be  constructed,  may,  upon  application,  appoint  three  com- 
missioners who  shall  determine,  after  a  hearing  of  all  parties  interested,  whether  such  railroad  ought  to  be 
constructed  or  operated,  and  their  determination,  confirmed  by  the  court,  may  be  taken  in  lieu  of  the  consent 
of  the  property  owners. 
Private  claim  Section  XIX.  The  Legislature  shall  neither  auilit  nor  allow  any  private  claim  or  account  against  the 
bills.  State,  but  may  appropriate  money  to  pay  such  claims  as  shall  have  been  audited  and  allowed  atcording  tolaw. 

Two-thirds  acts.  Section  XX.    The  assent  of  two-thirds  of  the  meinbers  elected  to  each  branch  of  the  Legislature  shall  he 

requisite  to  every  bill  appropriating  the  public  moneys  or  property  for  local  or  private  purposes. 
The    appropria-         Section  XXI.    No  money  shall  ever  be  paid  out  of  the  treasury  of  this  State,  or  any  of  its  funds,  or  any 
tion  acts.  of  the  funds  under  its  raanag-ment,  except  in  pursuance  of  an  appropriation  by  law  ;  nor  unless  such  payment 

be  made  within  two  years  next  after  the  passage  of  such  appropriation  act ;  and  every  such  law  making  a  new 
appropriation,  orcontinu'ng  or  reviving  an  appropriation,  hhall  distinctly  specify  the  sum  appropriated,  and 
the  object  to  which  it  is  to  be  applied;  and  it  shall  not  be  suHicient  for  such  law  to  refer  to  any  other  law  to 
fix  such  sum. 
Specific     appro-  Section  XXII.    No  provision  or  enactment  shall  be  embraced  in  the  annual  appropriation  or  supply  bill, 

priation.  unless  it  relates  specifically  to  some  particular  appropriation  in  the  bill  }   and  any  fiuch  provision  or  enactment 

ahull  be  limited  in  its  operation  to  such  appropriation. 
The  revision  of         Section  XXIII.    Sections  XVII  and  XVIII  of  this  article  shall  not  apply  to  any  bill,  or  the  amendments 
the  statutes.       to  any  l>ill,  which  shall  be  reported  to  the  Legislature  by  commissioners  wlio  have  been  appointed  pursuant  to 
law  to  revise  the  statutes. 
Taxes  to  be  stat-         Section  XXIV.    Every  law  which  imp!)se8,  continues  or  revives  a  tax  shall  distinctly  state  the  tax  and 
ed  distinctly,    the  object  to  which  it  is  to  be  applied,  and  it  shall  not  be  sufficient  to  refer  to  any  other  law  to  fix  such  tax  or 
object. 
Quorum    in    the  Section  XXV.    On  the  final  passage,  in  either  House  of  the  Legislature,  of  any  act  which  imposes,  con- 

Legislature,       tinnes  or  revives  a  tax,  or  creates  a  debt  or  charge,  or  makes,  continues  or  revives  any  appropriation  of  public 
or  trust  money  or  property,  or  releases,  discharges  or  commutes  any  claim  or  demand  of  the  State,  the  question 
shall  be  taken  by  yer.s  and  nays,  which  shall   be  duly  entered  upon  the  journals,  and  three-tif  ths  of  all  the 
members  elected  to  either  House  shall,  in  all  such  cases,  be  necessary  to  constitute  a  quorum  therein. 
Tie    boards    of         Section  XXVI.    There  shall  be  in  each  county,  except  in  a  county  wholly  included  in  a  city,  a  board  of 
aapervisors.      supervisors,  to  be  composed  of  such  members  and  elected  in  such  manner  and  for  such  period  as  is  or  may  be 

Provided  by  law.     In  a  city  which  includes  an  entire  county,  or  two  or  more  entire  counties,  the  powers  and 
uties  of  a  board  of  supervisors  may  be  devolved  upon   the  municipal  assembly,  common  council,  board  of 
aldermen  or  other  legislative  body  of  the  city. 
Local  legisla-         Section  XXVII.     The  Legislature  shall,  by  general  laws,  confer  upon  the  boards  of  supervisors  of  the 
tion.  several  counties  of  the  State  such  further  powers  of  local  legislation  and  administration  as  the  Legislature 

Prohibition   of  may,  from  time  to  time,  deem  expedient. 

extra  compen-         Section  XXVIII.    The  Legislature  shall  not,  nor  shall  the  common  council  of  any  city,  nor  any  board 
*  sation.  of  supervisors,  grant  any  extra  compensation  to  any  public  officer,  servant,  agent  or  contractor. 

Occupation  for         Skction  XXIX.    The  Legislature,  shall  bylaw,  provide  for  the  occupation  and  employment  of  prisoners 
convicts.  sentenced  to  the  several  State  prisons,  penitentiaries,  jails  and  reformatories  in  the  State  ;  ami  on  and  after 

January  1,  in  the  year  1897,  no  person  in  any  such  prison,  penitentiary,  jail  or  reformatory,  shall  be  required 
or  allowed  to  work,  while  under  sentence  thereto,  at  any  trade,  industry  or  occupation,  wherein  or  whereby 
his  work,  or  the  product  or  profit  of  his  work,  shall  be  farmed  out,  coiitracted,  given  or  sold  to  any  person, 
firm,  association  or  corporation.  This  section  shall  not  be  construed  to  prevent  the  Legislature  from  providing 
.  that  convicts  may  work  for,  and  that  the  products  of  their  labor  may  be  disposed  of  to,  the  State  or  any  politi- 
cal division  thereof,  or  for  or  to  any  public  inatitutioa  owned  or  managed  and  controlled  by  the  State,  or  any 
political  division  thereof,  ^___ 

ARTICLE  IV. 

The  power  of         Section  I.    The  executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  Governor,  who  shall  hold  his  office  for  two  years  ;    a 
the  Governor.   Lieutenant-Governor  shall  be  chosen  at  the  same  time,  and  for  the  same  term.    The  Governor  and  Lieutenant- 
Governor  elected  next  preceding  the  time  when  this  section  shall  take  effect,  shall  hold  office  until  and  includ- 
Persons  eligible  ing  December  31,  1896,  and  their  successors  snail  be  chosen  at  the  general  election  in  that  year. 

for  Governor  Section  II.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  offi  e  of  Governor  or  Lieutenant-Governor,  except  a  citizen 
and  Lienten-  of  the  United  States,  of  the  age  of  not  less  thau30  years,  and  who  shall  have  been  five  years  next  preceding  his 
ant  Governor,  election  a  resident  of  this  State. 
When  Governor  Section  III.  The  Governor  and  Lieutenant-Governor  shall  be  elected  at  the  times  and  places  of  choosing 
and  Lieuten- members  of  the  Assembly.  The  persons  respectively  having  the  highest  number  of  votes  for  Governor  and 
ant  Governor  Lieutenant-Governor  shall  be  elected  ;  but  in  case  two  or  more  shall  have  an  equal  and  the  highest  number  of 
are  to  be  elec-  votes  for  Governor,  or  for  Lieutenant-Governor,  the  two  Houses  of  the  Legislature  at  its  next  annual  session 
ted.  shall  forthwith  by  j^int  ballot,  choose  one  of  the  said  persons  so  having  an  equal  and  the  highest  number  of 

votes  for  Governor  or  Lieutenant-Governor. 
Powers  of  Gov-         Section  IV.    The  Governor  shall  be  Commander  in-Chief  of  the  military  and  naval  forces  of  the  State. 
'<mor.  He  shall  have  power  to  convene  the  Legislature,  or  the  .Senate  only,  on  extraordinary  occasions.    At  extra- 

ordinary sessions  no  subject  shall  beaded  upon,  except  such  as  the  Governor  may  recommend  for  considera- 
tion. He  stall  communicate  by  message  to  the  Legislature  at  every  session  the  condition  of  the  State,  and 
recommend  such  niatters  to  it  as  he  shall  judge  expedient.  He  shall  transact  all  necessary  business  with  the 
officers  of  government,  civil  and  military.  He  shall  expedite  all  such  measures  as  may  be  resolved  upon  by 
the  Legislature,  and  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  are  faithfully  executed.  He  shall  receive  for  his  services 
an  annual  salary  of  $10,000,  and  there  shall  be  provided  for  his  use  a  suitable  and  furnished  executive 
residence. 
Ooremor's  right  Section  V.  The  Governor  shall  have  the  power  to  grant  reprieves,  commutations  and  pardons  after  cen- 
to pardon,  viction,  for  all  offences  except  treason  and  cases  of  impeachment,  upon  such  conditions  and  with  such 
restrictions  and  limitations,  as  ae  may  think  proper,  subject  to  such  regulations  as  may  be  provided  by  law 
relative  to  the  manner  of  applying  for  pardons.  Upon  conviction  for  treason,  he  shall  have  power  to  suspend 
the  execution  of  the  sentence,  until  the  case  shall  be  reported  to  the  Legislature  at  its  next  meeting,  when  the 
Legislature  shall  either  pardon,  or  Commute  the  sentence,  direct  the  execution  of  the  sentence,  or  grant  a 
further  reprieve.  He  shall  annually  coainunicate  to  the  Legislature  each  6*se  of  reprieve,  commutation  or 
pardon  granted,  stating  the  namo  of'  the  convict,  tba  grliBe  et  «r&loh  he  w^(  ^^tfvVedi  thi  sesteace  aad  it% 
-     ^                    Mte,  sad  the  daMef  eoatffiUWitlra,  pir4«>«'!T  rDfwHv*,' 


Constitution  of  the  State  of  iTew    York.  167 

Lieutenant-GoT-  Sbctio!*  VI.    In  case  of  the  impeachmeut  of  the  Governor,  or  his  removal  from  office,  death,  inability  io 

ernor  beromes  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  s.-iid  office,   resiguation,  or  absence  from  the  State,  the  powers  and  diitief 
Governor.  of  the  office  shall  devolve  upon  the  Lieutenant-Governor  for  the   residue  of  the  term,  or  until  the    disability 

8  lall  cease.     But  when  the  Governor  shall,  with  the  consent  of  the  Lejjishiture,  be  out  of  the  State,  in  time  or 
war,  nt  the  head  of  a  military  force  thereof,  he  shall  continue  Comnmnder-in- Chief  of  all  the  military  force 
of  the  State. 
Powers  of  Lieu-  Section  VII.    The  Lieutenant-Governor  shall  possess  the  same  qualificat'ons  of  eltg-ibility  for  office  as 

tenant-Gover-  the  Governor.     He  shall  be  President  of  t!ie  Senate,  but  shall   have  only  a  casting  vote  therein.     If  durlug 
Lor.  a  v:icancy  of  t)ie  office  of  Governor,  the" Lieutenant-Governor  shall  be  impeached,  d  splaced,  resign,  die,  or  be- 

come injap'.ible  of  performing  the  duties  of  his  office,  or  be  absent  from  the  State,  the  {'resident  of  the  Senate 
sh^ll  act  as  Governor  until  tlie  vacancy  be  fillt^d  or  the  disability  shall  cease;  and  if  the  President  of  the 
Senate  for  any  of  the  above  causes  sh:ill  become  iueapable  of  pen'orming  the  duties  pertaining  to  the  office  of 
Governor,  tite  Speaker  of  the  Assembly  shall  act  as  Governor  until  the  vacancy  be  filled,  or  the  disability 
shall  cense. 
Lieutenant-Gov-  Section-  VIII.     The  Lieutenant-Governor  shall  receive  for  his  services  an  annual  salary  of  $5,000,  and  shall 

ernor's  salary,  not  receive  or  be  entitled  to  any  other  compensation,  fee  or  perquisite  for  any  duty  or  service  he  may  be  n»- 
quire.l  to  perform  by  the  Constitution  or  by  law. 
Governor  pre-  Secti'>n'  IX.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  Senate  and  Assembly  shall,  before  It  becomes  a 
8  en  ted  with  law,  be  presented  to  the  Governor;  if  he  approve,  lie  shall  si?nit;  Imt  if  not,  he  shall  return  it  with  his 
L  egis  la  tive  objections  to  the  House  in  whic'i  it  shall  have  originated,  which  shall  enter  the  objections  at  larjje  on  the 
bills.  journal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  it.     If  after  such  reconsideration,  two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  that 

Honse  shall  agrc?e  to  pass  the  hill,  it  shall  he  sent,  together  with  the  objections,  to  the  other  House,  by  which  it 
shall  lil;ewi8e  be  reconsidered;  and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  that  House,  it  shall 
become  a  law  iiotwithstanding  the  objections  of  the  Governor.  In  ail  such  crises,  tiie  votes  in  both  Houses  shall 
be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  memb-rs  voting  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each 
House,  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  Governor  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted) 
after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law  in  like  manner  as  if  fie  had  signed  it,  unless 
the  I^^isl.ture  shall,  tiy  their  adjournment,  prevent  its  return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  become  a  law 
without  the  approval  of  the  Governor.  No  bill  shall  become  a  law  after  the  final  adjournment  of  the  Legis- 
.   _  lature,  unless  approved  by  the  Governor  within  thirty  days  after  such  adjournment.     If  any  bill  presented  to 

,         '  '  the  Governor  contain  several  items  of  appropriation  of  money,  he  may  object  to  one  or  more  or  such  items 

„  ..  while  approving  of  the  other  portion  of  tne  bill.      In  such  case,  he  shall  app.md  to  the  bill,  at  the   time  of 

signing  it,  a  statement  of  the  items  to  which  he  objects;  and  the  appropriation  so  objected  to  shall  not  take 
effect.  If  the  Legislature  be  in  sess'on,  he  shall  transmit  to  the  House  in  which  tlie  bill  originated  a  copy  of 
such  stat-emeut,  and  the  items  objected  to  shall  be  separately  reconsidered.  If  on  reconsideration  one  or  more 
of  such  items  be  approved  by  two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  each  House,  the  same  shall  be  part  of  the 
law,  notwithstanding  the  objections  of  the  Governor.  All  the  provisions  of  this  section,  in  relatien  to  bills 
not  approved  by  the  Governor,  shall  a)>ply  in  cases  in  which  he  shall  withhold  his  approval  from  any  item  or 
items  contained  in  a  bill  appropriating  money. 

ARTICLE  V. 

other    State  [Xote.    Article  V  of  the  Constitution  provides  for  the  election  by  the  people  or  appointment  by  the  GoveP- 

nor,  of  other  State  officers,  and  prescribes  their  duties :  to  wit,  the  Secretary  of  State,  Comptroller,  Treasurer, 
Attorney-General,  State  Engineer  and  Surveyor,  Superintendent  of  Public  Works,  Superintendent  of  State 
Prisons,  Commissioners  of  the  Land  Office,  Commissioners  of  Canal  Fund  and  Canal  Board.] 

ARTICLE  VI. 

Article  VI  of  the  Constitution  provides  for  the  Judiciary  of  the  State.' 

The  Judiciary.'  The  Supreme  Court  is  continued  with  general  jurisdiction  in  law  and  equity,  subject  to  such  appellate  juris- 

diction  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  as  now  is  or  m  ly  be  prescribed  by  law  not  inconsistent  with  this  article.     The 
existing  judicial  districts  of  the  State  are  continued  until   changed  as  hereinafter  provided.    The  Supreme 
...  Court  snail  consist  of  the  justices  now   in  office,  and  of  the  judges  transferred  thereto  by  the  fifth  section  of 

this  article,  all  of  whom  shall  continue  to  be  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  durin;^  their  respective  terms,  and 
of  12  a.lditional  justices  ivho  shall  reside  in  and  be  chosen  by  the  electors  of,  the  several  existing  judicial  dis- 
tricts, three  in  the  first  district,  three  in  the  second,  and  one  in  each  of  tiie  other  districts;  and  of  their  succes- 
sors.    The  successors  of  said  justices  shall  be  chosen  by  the  electors  of  their  respective  judicial  districts. 

6ii-  The  Legislature  is  required  to  divide  the  State  into  four  judicial  districts,  the  boundaries  which  are  deter- 

"''  ■  mined  by  Section  II  of  this  Article.    For  each  of  these  divisions  an  appellate  division  of  the  Supreme  Court  la 

provided,  the  justices  to  be  designated  by  the  Governor. 

The  official  terms  of  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  are  fixed  at  14  years. 

The  Court  of  Appeals  is  provided  for  in  Section  VII  of  this  article.  The  terms  of  the  chief  judge  and  associate 
judges  are  fi^ed  at  14  years,  and  they  shall  be  chosen  by  the  people.  The  Governor  may,  with  the  consent 
of  the  Senate,  designate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  to  fill  vacancies  until  the  people  elect  their  successors. 

Section  IX  of  this  Article  provides  for  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  and  Section  XII  for  its 
compensation.  In  Section  XIII  the  Assembly  is  given  the  power  of  impeachment  and  the  Senate  is  required  to 
try  the  judicial  officers  thus  impeached. 

In  subsequent  sections  of  this  article.  County  Courts,  Surrogate  Courts,  Justices  of  the  Peace  and  minor 

judicial  officers  are  provided.  ' 

The  publication  Skctiov  XXI.     The  Legislature  shall  prbvide  for  the  speedy  publication  of  all  statutes,  and  shall  regnlate 

of  statutes.        the  reporting  of  the  decisions  of  the  courts ;  bat  all  laws  and  judicial  decisions  shall  be  free  for  pnbllcatron  by 
,iny  person. 
Justices    of    the  Sectiov  XXII.    Justices  of  the  Peace  and  oth^r  local  judicial  officers  provided  for  in  Sections  XVII  and 

Peace.  XVIII,  in  office  when  this  article  takes  effect,  shall  hold  their  offices  until   the  expiration  of  their  respective 

terms. 
Courts  of    Sp>o-  Section  XXIII.    Courts  of  Special  Sessions  shall  have  such  jurisdiction  of  offences  of  the  grade  of  mis- 

ial  Sessions.       demeanors  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 

ARTICLE  VIL 

The  State  credit.  Skctiov  I.  The  credit  of  the  State  shall  not  in  any  manner  be  given  or  loaned  to  or  In  aid  of  any  Individ- 
ual, ass  )ciatiou  or  corporation. 

Power   to  incur  Section  II.    The  .State  may,  to  meet  cnsnal  deficits  or  failures  In  revenues,  or  for  expenses  not  provided 

debt.  for,  oontra'-t  debts ;  but  such  debts,  directly  or  contingent,  singly  or  in  the  aggregate,  shall  not  at  anytime 

exceed  $1,000,000  ;  and  the  moneys,  aris'ng  from  the  loans  creating  such  debts  shall  be  applied  to  the  purpose 
for  which  they  were  obtained,  or  to  repay  the  debt  so  contracted,  and  to  no  other  pnri)ose  wnaterer. 

DeSt  to  repel  in-  Section  ill.  In  addition  to  the  above  limited  piwer  to  contract  debts,  the  Stnte  may  cnntru-t  debts  to 
vasion.  re-^el  invasions,  suppress  Insurrection,  or  defend  the  State  in  war;  but  the  money  arising  from  the  contra<-tIng 

of  such  debts  shall  be  applied  to  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  raised,or  to  repay  such  debts,  and  to  no  other 
purpose  wluitever. 


1G8  Constitution  of  the  State  of  N'eio   York. 

Autliority    to  Skction  IV.    Except  the  debts  specified  inSections  II  and  III  of  this  article,  no  debts  shall  be  hereafter 

create    debt  contracted  by  or  in  behalf  of  this  State,  unless  such  debt  shall  be  authorized  by  a  law,  for  some  single  work  or 
limited.  object,  to  be'distinctly  specified  therein  ;  and  such  law  shall  impose  and  provide  for  the  collection  of  a  direct 

annual  tax  to  pay,  and  sutiicient  to  pay,  the  interest  on  such  debt  as  it  falls  dne,  and  also  to  pay  and  discharge 
the  principal  of  such  debt  within  50  years  from  the  time  of  the  contracting  thereof.  No  such  law  shall  take 
efifect  until  it  shall,  at  a  general  election  have  been  submitted  to  the  people,  and  have  received  a  majority 
of  all  the  votes  cast  for  and  against  it  at  such  election.  On  the  final  passage  of  such  bill  in  either  House  of 
the  1-egislature  the  question  shall  be  taken  by  ayes  and  noes,  to  be  duly  entered  on  the  journals  thereof,  and 
shall  be  :  '"  Shall  this  bill  pass,  and  ought  the  same  to  receive  the  sanction  of  the  people  ?"  The  Legislature 
may  at  any  time,  after  the  approval  of  such  law  by  the  people,  if  no  debt  shall  have  been  contracted  in  pur- 
suance thereof,  repeal  the  same  ;  and  may  at  any  time,  by  law,  forbid  the  contracting  of  any  further  debt  or 
liability  under  such  law  ;  but  the  tax  imposed  by  such  act,  in  proportion  to  the  debt  and  liability  which  may 
have  been  contracted  in  pursnance  of  such  law,  shall  remain  in  fone  and  be  irrepealable,  and  be  annually  col- 
lected, until  the  proceeds  thereof  shall  have  made  the  provision  hereinbefore  specified  to  pay  anil  discharge 
the  interest  and  principal  of  such  debt  aud  liability.  The  money  a ri sin;;  from  any  loan  or  stock  creating 
snch  debt  or  liability  shall  be  applied  to  the  work  or  ol)ject  specified  in  the  act  autherizing  such  debt  or  lia- 
bility, or  for  the  payment  of  such  debt  or  liability,  and  for  no  other  purpose  whatever.  No  such  law  shall  be 
Submitted  to  be  voted  on,  within  three  months  after  its  passnge  or  at  any  general  election  when  any  other  law, 
or  any  bill  shall  be  submitted  to  be  voted  for  or  against.  The  Legislature  may  provide  for  the  issue  of  bonds 
of  the  State  to  run  for  a  period  not  exceeding  50  years  in  lieu  of  bonds  heretofore  anthorizod  but  not  issued, 
and  shall  impose  and  provide  for  the  collection  of  a  direct  annual  tax  for  the  pajTnent  of  the  same  as  herein- 
before ref|Utred.  "When  any  sinking  fund  created  under  this  section  shall  equal  in  amount  the  debt  for  which 
it  was  created,  no  further  direet  tax  shall  be  levied  on  account  of  said  sinking  fund  and  the  Legislature  shall 
reduce  the  tax  to  an  amount  emial  to  the  accruing  interest  on  such  debt. 
Sinking  fuuds.  Skction  V.    The  sinking  funds  provided  for  the  payment  of  interest  and  the  extinguishment  of  the  princi- 

pal of  the  debts  of  the  State  shall  be  separately  kept  and  safely  invested,  and  neither  of  them  shall  be  appro- 
priated or  used  in  any  manner  other  than  for  the  specific  purpose  for  which  it  shall  have  been  provided.  ( 
Claims    barred          Skctio.n  VI.     Is  eitlier  the  Legislature,  canal  board,  nor  any  person  or  persons  acting  in  behalf  of  the  State, 
by  time.             shall  audit,  allow  or  pay  any  claim  which,  as  between  citizens  or  the  State,  would  be  barred  by  lapse  of  time. 
This  provision  shall  not  be  construed  to  repeal  any  statute  fixing  the  time  within  which  claims  shall  be  pre- 
sented or  allowed,  nor  shall  it   extend  to  any  claim  duly   presented  within  the  time  allowed  by  law,  and 
prosecuted  with  due  diligence  from  the  time  ot  such  presentment.     But  if  the  claimant  shall   be  under  legal 
disability,  the  claim  may  be  presented  within  two  years  after  such  disability  is  removed.  | 
The   forest  pre-          Skction  VII.    The  lands  of  the  State,  now  owned  or  hereafter  acquired,  constituting  the  forest  preserve 
serve.                 as  now  fixed  by  law,  shall  be  forever  kept  as  wild  forest  lands.     They  shall  not  be  leased,  sold  or  exchanged, 
or  be  taken  by  any  corporation,  public  or  private,  nor  shall  the  timber  thereon  be  sold,  removed  or  destroyed. 
Canals  must  not          Section  VIII.    The  Legislature  shall  not  sell,  lease  or  otherwise  di-spose  of  the  Erie  Canal,  the  Oswego 
be  sold.              Canal,  the  Chamnlain  Canal,  the  Cayuga  and  Seneca  Canal,  or  the  Black  Kiver  Canal;  but  they  shall  remain 
the  property  of  the  State  and  under  its  management  forever.    The  prohibition  of  lease,  sale  or  other  disposition 
herein  contained,  shall  not  apply  to  the  canal  known  as  the  Main  aud  Hamburg  Street  Canal,  situated  in  the 
City  of  Buffalo,  and  which  extends  easterly  from   the  westerly  line  of  Main  Street  to  the  westerly  line  of 
Hamburg  Street.    All  funds  that  may  be  derived  from  any  lease,  sale  or  other  disposition  of  any  canal  shall 
be  applied  to   the  improvement,  superintendence  or  repair  of  the  remaining  portions  of  the  canals.  I 
No  canal  tolls.             Skction  IX.    No  tolls  shall  hereafter  be  imposed  on  persons  or  property  transported  on  the  canals,  but  all 
\  boats  navigating  the  canals,  aud  the  owners  and  m.asters  thereof,  shall  be  subject  to  such  laws  and  regulations 
as  have  been  or  may  hereafter   be  enacted  concerning  the  navigation  ot  the  canals.     The  Legislature  shall 
annually,  by  equitable   taxes,  make  provision  for  the  expenses  of  the  superintendence    and  repairs  of  the 
canals.  .  All  contracts  for  work  or  materials  on  the  canals  shall  be  made  with  the  persons  who  shall  offer  to  do 
or  provide  the  same  at  the  lowest  price,  with  adequate  security  for  their  performance.     No  extra  compensation 
shall  be  made  to  any  contractor  :  but,  if,  from  any  unforseen  cause,  the  terms  of  any  contract  shall  prove  to 
''  be  unjust  and  oppressive  the  Canal  Board  may,  upon  the  application  of  the  contractor,  cancel  such  contract.    \ 
The  improve-          Section  X.     The  canals  may  be  improved  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law.    A  debt 
ment  of  the  may  be  authorized  for  that  purpose  in  the  mode  prescribed  by  Section  IV  of  this  article,  or  the  cost  of  such 
canals.y         ■-  Improvement  may  b*  defrayed  by  the  appropriation  of  funds  from  the  State  treasury,  or  by  eqcitable  annuml, 
tax.                                                                                                                                                                                         \ 
Skction  XI.    The  Legislature  may  appropriate  out  of  any  funds  In  the  treagnry,  moneys  to  pay  the  accm-1 
ing  interest  and  principal  of  any  debt  heretofore  or  hereafter  created,  or  any  part  thereof,  and  may  set  apart  in 
each  fiscal  vear,  moneys  in  the  State  treasury  as  a  sinking  fund  to  pay  the  interest  as  It  falls  due  and  to  pay  and 
diS'harge  the  principal  of  any  debt  heretofore  or  hereafter  created  under  Section  IV  of  Article  VII  of  the  Con- 
stitution until  the  same  shall  be  wholly  paid,  and  the  principal  and  income  of  such  sinking  fund  shall  be  ap- 
plied to  the  purpose  for  which  said  sinking  fund  is  created  and  to  no  other  purpose  whatever;   and,  in  tn« 
event   such  moneys  so  set  apart  in  any  fiscal  year  be  sutiicient  to  provide  such  sinking  fund,  a  direct  annn.xl 
tax  for  such  ye.ar  need  not  be  imposed  and  collected,  as  required  by  the  provisions  of  said  Section  IV  of  ArticU 
VII,  or  of  any  law  enacted  in  pursuance  thereof.  j 
The  improve-         Section  XII.    A  debt  or  debts  of  the  State  may  be  authorized  by  law  for  the  improvement  of  hi<,'hway8. 
ment  of  high-  Sitch  highways  shall  be  determined  under  general  laws,  which  shall  also  provide  for  the  eqnitable  apportion- 
wavs.  y             ment  thereof  among  the  counties.    The  aa-gregate  of  the  debts  authorized    by  this  section  shall  not  at  any  one 
time  exceed  the  sum  of  $60,000,000.    The  payment  of  the  annual  Interest  on   such  debt  and  the  creation  of  a 
sinking  fund  of  at  least  two  per  cent,  per  annum  to  discharge  the  principal  at  maturity  shall  be  provided  by 
general  laws  whose  force  and  effect  shall  not  be  diminished  during  the  existence  of  any  debt  created  there- 
under.    The  Legrislature  may  bv  general  laws  require  the  county  or  town  or  both  to  pay  to  the  sinking  fond  the 
proportionate  part  of  the  cost  of  any  such  hi;4hway  within  the  boundaries  of  such  county  or  town  and  the  pro- 
portfonate  part  of  the  interest  thereon,  but  no  county  8h:ill  at  any  time  for  any  highway  be  required  to  pay 
more  than  thirty-five  hundredths  ft  the  cost  of    such    highway    and  no  town  more  than    fifteen  hundredths. 
Nona  of  the  provisions  of  the  fourth  section  of  this  article  shall  apply  to  debts  fur  the  improvement  of  high- 
ways hereby  authorized.                                                                                 ^                                                                  -^ 

ARTICLE  VIII.  r 

Form  a  1 1  o  n  of  Skction  I.  Corporations  may  be  formed  under  general  laws  ;  but  shall  not  be  created  by  special  act,  ex* 
corporations,  cept  for  municipal  purposes,  and  in  cases  where,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Legislature,  the  objects  of  the  corpora- 
tion cannot  be  attained  under  general  laws.  All  general  laws  and  special  acta  passed  pursuant  to  this  section 
may  be  altered  from  time  to  time  or  repealed. 

Dues  from    cor-  Section  II.    Dues  from  corporations  shall  be  secured  by  such  individual   liability  of   the  corporators  and 

porations.  other  means  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 

A    definition  of         Section  III.     The  term  corporation  as  used  in  this  section  shall   be  construed   to  include  all  associations 

V  corporations,  and  joint-stock  companies  having  any  of  the  powers  or  privileges  of  corporations  not  po.-iSessed  by  individuals 
or  partneish  ps.  And  all  eorporatious  shall  hav*  the  right  to  sue  aud  shall  be  subject  to  be  sued  in  all  conrta 
in  like  cases  .as  natural  persons. 

The  charters  of  Skciion  IV.  The  Legislatures  shall,  by  general  law,  conform  all  charters  of  savings  banks,  or  Institutions 
savings  banks,  for  8aving.s,  to  a  unifonidty  of  power,  rights,  and  liabilities,  and  all  charters  hereafter  granted  for  such 
corporations  shall  be  made  to  contorm  to  sueh  general  law,  and  to  snch  amendments  as  may  be  made  thereto. 
And  no  such  corporation  shall  have  any  capital  stock,  uor  shall  the  trustees  tliereof,  or  any  of  them,  have  any 
interest  whatever,  direct  or  indirect,  in  tlie  profits  of  snch  corporation,  and  no  diieotor  or  trustee  of  any  sucn 
bank  or  institution  shall  be  interested  in  any  loan  or  use  of  any  money  or  property  of  such  bank  or  institution 
for  savings.  The  Legislature  shall  have  .ib  power  to  pass  any  act  granting  any  .special  charter  for  baukini; 
purposes  ;  but  corporations  or  associations  may  be  formed  for  such  purposes  under  general  laws. 


Constitution  of  the  State  of  JVeio   York.  169 

Specie      pay-  Skction  V.     The  Legislature  shall   have  no  power  tn  pass  any  law  sanctioning  in  any  manner,  directly  or 

ments.  Indirectly,  tlie  suspensiou  of  specie  payments,  by  any  person,  association   or  corporation,  issuing  banknotes 

of  any  description. 
The   registry  of         Sbction  VI.    The  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law  for  the  registry  of  all  bills  or  notes,  issued  or  put  in 

I,ill8.  circulation  as  money,  and  shall  require  ample  security  for  the  redemption  of  the  same  in  specie. 

Stock-holders'         Sf.otion  VII.     The  stockholders  of  every  corporation  and  joint-stock  association   for   banking  purposes, 
l.ai.ility.  shall  be  individually  responsible  to  the  amount  or  their  respective  share  or  shares  of  stock  in  any  such  cor. 

poration  or  association,  for  all  its  debts  and  liabilities  of  every  kind. 
Trcferred    cred-         Shction  VIII.     In  case  of  the  insolvency  of  any  bank  or  banking  association,  the  billholders  thereof  shall 

itovs  of  banks,  be  entitled  to  preference  in  payment,  over  all  other  creditors  of  such  bank  or  association. 
Thecreditof  the         Section  IX.     Neither  the  credit  nor  the  money  of  the  State  shall  be  given  or  loaued  to  or  In  aid  of  any 
State.  association,  corporation  or  private  undertaking.     This  .section  shall  not,  however,  prevent  the  Legislature  from 

making  such  provision  for  the  education  and  support  of  the  blind,  the  de.if  and  dumb,  and  juvenile  delin- 
quents, as  to  it  may  seem  proper.    Nor  shall  it  apply  to  any  fund  or  property  now  held,  or  which  may  hereafter 
be  held,  by  the  State  for  educational  purposes. 
Credit  of  Conn-         Skction  X.    No  county,  city,  town  or  village  shall  hereafter  give  any  money  or  property,  or  loan  its 
ties,     cities,  money  or  credit  to  or  in  aid  of  any  Individual,  association  or  corporation,  or  become  directly  or  indirectly  the 
towns   not    to  owner  of  stock  in,  or  bonds  of,  any  association  or  corporation  ;  nor  shall  any  such  county,  city,  town  or  village 
be  given.  be  allowed  to  incur  any  indebtedness  except  for  county,  city,  town  or  village  purposes.    Thi>  section  ^h^l  not 

prevent  such  county,  city,  town  or  village  from  making  such  provision  for  tde  aid  or  support  of  its  poor  as 
may  be  authorized  by  law.  No  county,  or  city  shall  be  allowed  to  become  indeljted  for  any  purpose  or  in  any 
manner  to  an  amount  which,  including  existing  indebtedness,  shall  exceed  ten  per  centum  ot  the  assessed 
valuation  of  the  real  estate  of  such  county  or  city  subject  to  taxation,  as  it  appeared  by  the  as.'essment  rolls  of 
said  county  or  city  on  the  last  assessment  for  State  or  county  taxes  prior  to  the  incurring  of  such  indebtedness; 
and  all  indebtedness  in  excess  of  such  limitations,  except  such  as  now  may  exist,  shall  be  absolutely  void, 
except  as  herein  otherwise  provided.  No  county  or  city  whose  present  indebtedness  exceeiis  ten  per  centum  of 
the  assessed  valuation  of  its  real  estate  subject  to  taxation,  shall  be  allowed  to  become  indeb.ed  in  any  further 
anovmt  until  such  indebtedness  shall  be  reduced  within  such  limit.  This  section  shall  not  be  construed  to  pre- 
:  vent  the  issuing  of  certificates  of  indebtedness  or  revenue   bonds  issued  in  anticipation  of   the  collection  of 

taxes  for  amounts  actually  contained,  or  to  be  contained  in  the  taxes  for  the  year  when  such  certificates  or 
revenue  bonds  are  issued  and  payable  out  of  such  taxes.  Nor  shall  this  section  be  construed  to  prevent  the 
issue  of  bonds  to  provide  for  the  supply  of  water;  but  the  term  of  the  bonds  issued  to  provide  the  supply  of 
water  shall  not  exceed  20  years,  and  a  sinking  fund  shall  be  created  on  the  issuing  of  the  said  bonds  for  their 
redemption,  by  raising  annually  a  sum  which  will  produce  an  amount  equal  to  the  sum  ot  the  principal  and 
interest  of  said  bonds  at  their  maturity.  All  certificates  of  indebtedness  or  revenue  bonds  issued  in  anticipa- 
tion of  the  collection  of  taxes,  which  are  not  retired  within  five  years  after  their  date  of  issue,  and  bonds  issued 
'  to  provide  for  the  supply  of  water,  and  any  debt  hereafter  incurred  by  any  portion  or  part  of  a  city,  if  there 
shall  be  any  such  debt,  shall  be  included  in  ascertaining  the  power  of  the  city  to  become  otherw  ise  indebted  ; 
except  that  debts  incurred  by  the  City  of  New  York  after  January  1,  1904,  and  debts  incurred  by  any  city  ot 
the  second  class  after  January  I,  1908,  to  provide  for  the  supply  of  water  shall  not  be  so  included.  Whenever 
the  boundaries  of  any  city  are  the  same  as  those  of  a  county,  or  when  any  city  shall  include  within  its  bound- 
aries more  than  one  county,  the  power  of  any  county  wholly  included  witnin  such  city  to  become  indebted  shall 
cease,  but  the  debt  of  the  county,  heretofore  existing,  shall  not,  for  the  purposes  of  this  section,  be  reckoned  as 
a  part  of  the  city  debt.  The  amount  hereafter  to  be  raised  by  tax  for  county  or  city  purposes,  in  any  county 
containing  a  city  of  over  100,000  inhabitants,  or  any  such  city  of  this  State,  in  addition  to  providing  for  the 
principal  and  interest  of  existing  debt,  shall  not  in  the  aggregate  exceed  in  any  one  year  two  per  centum  of  the 
assessed  valuation  of  the  real  and  personal  estate  of  such  county  or  city,  to  be  ascertained  as  prescribed  in  this 
section  in  respect  to  county  or  city  debt,  [Amendment  voted  on  in  190".] 
The  State  board  Section  XI.    The  Legislature  shall  provide  for  a  State  board  of  charities,  which  shall  visit  and  inspect 

of  charities,     all  institutions,  whether  Slate,  county,  municipal,  incorporated  or  not  incorpo-ated,  which  are  charitable, 
eleemosynary,  correctional  or  reformatory  character,  excepting  only  such  institutions  as  are  hereby  made 
subject  to  the  visitation  of  either  of  the  commissions  hereinafter  mentioned,  but  incluiling  all  reformatories 
except  those  in  which  adult  males  convicted  of  felony  shall  be  confined  ;  a  State  coinmission  of  lunacy  shall 
visit  and  inspect  all  institutions,  either  public  or  private,  used  for  the  care  and  treatment  of  the  insane  (.not 
Including  institutions  for  epileptics  or  idiots) ;  a  State  commissionof  prisons  which  shall  visit  and  inspect  all 
Institutions  used  for  the  detention  of  sane  adults  charged  with  or  convicted  of  crime  or  detained  as  witnesses 
or  debtors. 
Governor    ap-         Skction  XII.    The  members  of  the   said   board  and  of  the  said  commissions  shall  be  appointed  by  the 
points  boards.  Governor,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate;  and  any  member  may  be  removed  from  olfice  by 
the  Governor  for  cause,  an  opportunity  having  been  given  him  to  be  heard  in  his  defence. 
Existing     laws         Section  XIII.    Existing  laws  relating  to  institutions  referred  to  in  the  foregoing  sections  and  to  their 
continued.         supervision  and  inspection,  in  so  far  as  such  laws  are  not  inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution, 
shall  remain  in  force  until  amended  or  repealed   by  the  Legislature.    The  visitation  and  inspection  herein 
provided  for  shall  not  be  exclusive  of  other  visitation  and  inspection  now  authorized  by  law. 
Provision    for         Section  XIV.    Nothing  in  this  Constitution  contained  shall  prevent  the  Legislature   from  making  such 
the  support  of  provision  and  support  of  the  blind,  the  deaf  and  dumb,  and  juvenile  delinquents,  as  to  it  may  seem  proper ;  or 
the  helpless,     prevent  any  county,  city,   town  or  village  from  providing  for  the  care,  support,  maintenance  and   secular 
education  of  inmates  of  orphan  asylums,  homes  for  dependent  children  or  correctional  institutions,  whether 
under  public  or  private  control.    Payments  by  counties,  cities,  towns  and  villages  to  charitable,  eleemosynary, 
correctional  and   reformatory  institutions,   wholly  or  partly  under  private   control,  for  care,    support   and 
maintenance,  may  be  authorized,  but  shall  not  be  required  by  the  Legislature.     No  such  payments  shall  be 
made  for  any  inmate  of  such  institutions  who  is  not  received  and  retained  therein  pursuant  to  rules  established 
by  the  State  board  of  charities.    Such  rules  shall  be  subject  to  the  control  of  the  Legislature  by  general  laws. 
Commissioners         Section  XV.    Commissioners  of  the  State  board  of  charities  and  commissioners  of  the  State  commission 
remain  in  of-  In  lunacy,  now  holding  office,  shall  be  continued  in  office  for  the  term  for  which  they  were  appointed,  respect- 
fice.  ively,  unless  the  Legislature  shall  otherwise  provide.    The  Legislature  may  confer  upon  the  commissions  and 

upon  the  board  mentioned  In  the  foregoing  sections  any  additional  powers  that  are  not  inconsistent  with  other 
provisions  of  the  Constitution. 

ARTICIiE  IX. 

The    c  0  mmo  n         Section  I.    Tie  Legislature  sh.all  provide  for  the  maintenance  and  support  of  a  system  of  free  common 

schools.  schools,  wherein  all  the  children  of  this  State  may  be  educated. 

The    Kegents  of         Section  II.    The  corporation  created  in  the  year  1784,  under  the  name  of  The  Regents  of  the  University 
the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  is  hereby  continued  under  the  name  of  the   University  of  the  State  of  New  York. 
It  shall  be  governed  .and  its  corporate  powers,  which  may  be  increased,  modified  or  diniinished  by  the  Legisla- 
ture, shall  be  exercised  by  not  less  than  nine  regents.  . 
Capital  of   tbe         Section  III.    The  capital  of  the  common  school  fund,  the  capital  of  the  literature  fund,  and  the  capital  of 
common  school  the  United  States  deposit  fund,  shall  be  respectively  preserved  inviolate.    The  revenue  of  the  said  common 
fund.                  school  fund  shall  be  applied  to  the  support  of  the  common  schools  ;  the  revenue  of  the  literature  fund  shall  be 
applied  to  the  support   of  academies;  and  the  sum  of  $25,000  of  the  revenues  of  the  United  States  deposit 
fund  shall  each  year  be  appropriated  to  and  made  part  of  the  capital  of  the  said  common  school  fund. 
Denominational           Section  IV.    Neither  the  State  nor   any  subdivision  thereof,  .shall  use  its  property  or  credit  or  any  public 
schools.              money,  or  authorize  or  permi t  either  to  be  used,  directly  or  indirectlv,  in  aid  or  maintenance,  other  than  for 
examination  or  inspection,  of  any  school  or  institution  of  learning  wholly  or  in  part  under  the  control  or  di- 
rection of  any  religious  denomination,  or  in  which  any  denoQ)in«tiousl  teoet  or  doctrine  is  taught. 


/ 


170  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Nexo    York. 

ARTICLE  X. 

Governor  may  Skctiov  I.  Sheriffs,  clerks  of  coonttes,  district-attorneys  and  registers  in  counties  having  registers,  shall 
remove  certain  be  chosen  by  the  electors  of  the  resnective  counties,  once  in  every  three  years  and  as  often  as  vacancies  shall 
officers.  hnppen,  except  in  the  counties  of  Xew  York  and  Kings,  and  in  counties  wliose  boundaries  are  the  same  as  those 

of  a  city,  where  such  officers  shall  be  chosen  by  the  electors  ouce  in  every  two  or  four  years,  as  the  Legislature 
shall  direct.    Sheriffs  shall  hold  no  other  office  and  be  inelgible  for  the  next  term  after  the  termination  of  their 
'^  offices.    They  may  be  required  by  law  to  renew  their  security,  from  time  to  time  ;  aud  in  default  of  giving  such 

new  security,  ttieir  offices  shall  be  deemed  vacant.     But  the  county  shall  never  be  made  responsible  for  the  acts 
of  the  sheriff.    The  Governor  may  remove  any  officer,  in  this  section  mentioned,  within  the  term  for  which  he 
shall  have  been  elected ;  giving  to  such  officer  a  copy  of  the  charges  against  him,  and  an  opportunity  of  beitg 
heard  in  his  defence. 
Appointment         Section  II.     All  county  officers  whose  election  or  appointment  is  not  provided  forby  this  Constitution,  shall 
and  election  of  be  elected  by  the  electors  of  the  respective  counties  or  appointed  by  the  boards  of  supervisors,  or  other  county 
county   o  f- authorities,  "as  the  Legislature  shall  direct.    All  city,  town  and  village  officers,  whose  election  or  appointment 
ficers.    3  is  not  provided  for  by  this  Constitution,  shall  be  electeii  by  the  electors  of  such  cities,  towns  and  villages,  or 

of  some  division  thereof,  or  appointed  by  such  authorities  thereof,  as  the  Legisl.iture  shall  designate  for  thnt 
purpose.  All  other  officers,  whose  election  or  appointment  is  not  provided  tor  by  this  Constitution,  and  all 
officers,  whose  otiices  may  hereafter  be  created  by  law,  shall  be  elected  by  the  people,  or  appointed  as  the  Legis- 
lature may  direct. 
The  duration  of  Section  III.  When  the  duration  of  any  office  Is  not  provided  by  this  Constitution  it  may  be  declared  by 
a  term.  law,  and  if   not  so  declared,  such  office   shall   be  held  during  the  pleasure  of   the  authority  making   the 

The  time  of  elec-  appointment. 

tion.  Section  IV.    The  time  of  electing  all  officers  named  in  this  article  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Va  c  a  n  c  i  e  8  in  Skction  V.     The  Lefrislature  shall  proviile  for  filling  vacancies  in  office,  and  in  case  of  elective  officers,  no 

offices.  person  appointed  to  till  a  vacancy  shall  hold  his  otJice  by  virtue  of  such  appointment  longer  than  the  com- 

mencement of  the  political  year  next  succeeding  the  first  annual  election  after  the  happening  of  the  vacancy. 
The  political  Section  VI.     The  political  year  and  legislative  term  shall  bei.'in  on  the  first  day   of  January;  and  the 

year.  Legislature  shall,  every  year,  assemble  on  the  first  AVediiesday  in  January. 

Laws    for    Re-         Section  VII.     I^rovision  sluill  be  made  by  law  for  the  removal  for  misconduct  or  malversation  in  office  of 
I     moval    of    of- all  officers,  except  judicial,  whose  powers  and  duties  are  not  local  or   legislative  and  who  shall  be  elected  at 

ficers.  general  elections,  and  also  for  supplying  vacancies  created  by  su'  h  removal. 

Laws    regarding         Section  VIII.    The  Legislature  may  declare  the  cases  in  which  any  office  shall  be  deemed  vacant  when  no 

vacancies.  provision  is  made  for  that  purpose  in  this  Constitution. 

The  compensa-         Section  IX.    Ko  officer  whose  salary  is  fixed  by  the  Constitution  shall  receive  any  additional  compensa- 
tion of  officers  tion.     Each  of  the  other  State  officers  named  in  the  Constitution  sliall,  during  his  continuance  in  office,  receive 
a  compensation,  to  be  fixed  by  law,  which  shall  not  be  increased  or  diminished  during  the  term  for  which  he  shall 
have  been  elected  or  appointed ;  nor  shall  he  receive  ,to  ^his  use  any  fees  or  perquisites  of  office  as  other  com- 
pensation. 

ARTICLE  XI.  ' 

The  State  militia  .  Section  I.  All  able-bodied  male  citizens  between  the  ages  of  18  and  45  years,  who  are  residents  of  the 
State,  shall  constitute  the  militia,  subject,  however,  to  such  exemptions  as  are  now,  or  may  be  hereafter  created 
by  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  or  by  the  Legislature  of  this  State.  ! 

Enlistment    of         Skction  II.    The  Legislature  may  provide  for  the  enlistment  into  the  active  force  of  snch  other  persona 

soldiers.  as  may  make  application  to  be  so  enlisted.  i 

Militia  to  be  or-         Section  III.    The  militia  shall  be  organized  and  divided  Into  such  land  and  naval,  and  active  and  reseive 

gauized.,  forces  as  the  Legislature  may  deem  proper,  provitled,  however,  that  there  shall  be  maintained  at  all  times  a 

force  of  not  less  than  ten  thousand  enlisted  men,  fully  uuiformeii,  armed,  equipped,  disciplined,  aud  ready  for 

active  service.    And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Legislature  at  each  session  to  make  sufficient  appropriation  for 

the  maintenanee  thereof. 

Governor  to  ap-         Section  IV.    The  Governor  shall  appoint  the  chiefs  of   the  several  staff  departments,  his   aides-de-camp 

point  officers,    and  militarj-  secretary,  all  of  whom  si. all  hold  office  during  his  pleasure,  their  commissions  to  expire  with  the 

'  term  for  which  the  Governor  shall  have  been  elected  ;    he   shall  also  nominate,  aud  with  the  consent  of  the 

Senate  appoint,  all  major-generals. 
Laws  concern-         Section  V.    All  other  commissioned  and  non-commissioned  officers  shall  be  chosen  or  appointed  in  snch 
ing  officen.       manner  as  the  Legislature  may  deem  mr.st  conducive  to  the  improvement  of   the  militia,  provided,  however, 
f-  that  no  law  shall  be  passed  changing  the  existing  mode  of  election  and  appointment  unless  two-thirdsof  the 

members  present  in  each  House  shall  concur  therein. 

Governor    to         Section  VI.    The  commissioned   officers  shall  be  commissioned  by  the  Governor  as  commander-in-chief. 

.     comm  i  ssi  on  Xo  commissioned  officer  shall  be  removed  from  office  during  the  term  for  which  he  shall  have  been  appointed 

officers.  or  elected,  unless  by  the  Senate  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Governor,  stating  the  grounds  on  wtiich  such 

removal  is  recommended,  or  by  the  sentence  of  a  court-martial,  or  upon  the  findings  of  an  examining  board 

organized  pursuant  to  law,  or  for  absence  without  leave  for  a  period  of  six  mouths  or  more. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

The  organiza-  Section  I.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Legislature  to  provide  for  the  organization  of  cities  and  Incorpo- 
tion  of  cities  r.ited  villages,  and  to  restrict  their  power  of  taxation,  assessment,  borrowing  money,  contracting  debts,  and 
and  villages,  loaning  thei'  credit,  so  as  to  prevent  abuses  in  assessments  and  in  contracting  debt  by  sucn  municipal 
corporations ;  and  the  Legislature  may  regulate  and  fix  the  wages  or  salaries,  the  hours  of  work  or  labor, 
and  make  provision  for  the  protection,  welfare  and  safety  of  persons  employed  by  the  State  or  by  any  county, 
city,  town,  village  or  other  civil  division  of  the  State,  or  by  any  contractor  or  sub-con  tractor  performing 
work,  labor  or  services  for  the  State,  or  for  any  county,  city,  tow^n,  village  or  other  civil  division  thereof. 

Classification  of  Section  II.  All  cities  are  classified  according  to  the  latest  State  enumeration,  as  from  time  to  time  made 
cities.  as  follows:    The  first  class  includes  all  cities  having  a  population  of  175,000  or  more;  the  second  class,  all 

cities  having  apopulation  of  50,000  and  less  than  ITS, 000 ;  the  third  class,  all  other  cities.  Laws  relating  to  the 
property,  affairs  of  government  of  cities,  and  the  several  departments  thereof,  are  divided  into  general  and 
special  city  laws  ;  general  city  laws  are  those  which  relate  to  all  the  cities  of  one  or  more  classes  ;  special  city 
laws  are  those  which  relate  to  a  single  city,  or  to  less  than  all  the  cities  of  a  class.  Special  city  laws  shall  not 
be  passed  except  in  conformity  with  the  provisions  of  this  section.  After  any  bill  for  a  special  city  law,  relat- 
ing to  a  city,  has  been  pa-ssed  by  both  branches  of  the  Legislature,  the  House  in  which  it  originated  shall  im- 
mediately transmit  a  certified  copy  thereof  to  the  Mayor  of  snch  city,  and  within  15  days  thereafter  the 
Mayor  shall  return  such  bill  to  the  House  from  which  it  was  sent,  or  if  the  session  of  the  Legislature  at  which 
sucn  bill  was  passed  has  terminated,  to  the  Governor,  with  the  illayor's  certificate  thereon,  staling  whether  the 
city  has  or  has  not  accepted  the  same.  In  every  city  of  the  first  class,  the  >[ayor,  and  in  every  other  eity,  the 
Mayor  and  the  leerislative  body  thereof  concurrently,  shall  act  for  such  city  as  to  such  bill  ;  but  theLeeislature 
may  provide  for  the  concurrence  of  the  Legislative  body  in  cities  of  the  first  class.  The  Legislature  shall  pro- 
vide tor  a  public  notfce  aud  opportunity  for  a  public  hearing  concerning  any  such  b'll  in  every  city  to  whicn  it 
relates,  before  action  thereon.  Such  a  bill,  it  it  relates  to  more  than  one  city,  shall  be  transmitted  to  the 
Mayor  of  each  city  to  which  It  relates,  and  shall  not  be  deemed  accepted  unless  accepted  as  herein  provided,  by 
every  such  city.  Whenever  any  such  bill  is  accepted  as  herein  provided,  it  shall  be  subject  as  are  other  bills, 
to  the  action  of  the  Governor.  Whenever,  during  the  session  at  which  it  was  passed,  any  such  bill  is  returned 
■without  the  acceptance  of  the  city  or  cities  to  which  it  relates,  or  within  such  15  days  is  not  returned,  it  may 
nevertheless  again  be  passed  by  both  branches  of  the  Legislature,  and  it  shall  then  be  subject  as  are  other  bills, 
to  th«  action  or  the  Goreraor.  In  every  special  city  law  which  has  been  accepted  by  the  city  or  cities  to  which y 


Constitution  of  the  State  of  New    ITorh.  1^1 

Jt  relates,  the  title  shall  be  followed  by  the  words  "  accepted  by  the  city,**  or  "  cities,"  as  the  case  may  be  : 
in  every  such  law  which  is  passed  without  such  acceptance,  by  the  words  "passed  without  the  acceptauce  oi 
the  city,''  or  "cities."  as  the  case  may  be.     [Amendment  voti-d  on  In  1907.] 

Section  HI.     All  elections  of  city  officers,  including  supervisors  and  judicial   officers  ©f  inferior  local 
Election  of  city  courts,  elected  in  any  city  or  part  of  a  city,  and  of  counry  officers  elected  in  the  counties  of  New  Yorli  and 
officers.  Kin^s,  and  in  all  counties  whose  iioundaries  are  tiie  same  as  those  of  a  city,  except  to  till  vacancies,  shall  be 

held  on  the  Tuesday  succeeding  the  first  Monday  in  Novemoer  in  an  odd-nuinbered  year,  and  the  term  tf  every 
such  orticer  shall  expire  at  tlie  end  of  an  odd-numbered  vear.  The  terms  of  ottice  of  all  such  ottirers  elected 
before  the  first  day  of  January,  1895,  whose  successors  have  not  then  been  elected,  which  under  exi.stlng  laws 
would  expire  with  an  even  numbered  vear,  or  m  an  odil-nnmbered  year  and  before  tlie  end  thereof,  are  ex- 
tended to  and  including  the  last  day  of  iJecember  next  following  the  time  when  such  terms  would  otherwise 
expire;  the  terms  of  ottice  of  all  such  officers,  which  under  existing  laws  would  expire  in  an  even-numbered 
year,  and  before  the  end  thereof,  are  abridged  so  as  to  expire  at  the  end  of  the  preceding  year.  This  section 
ehall  not  apply  to  any  city  of  the  third  class,  or  to  elections,  of  any  judicial  officer,  except  judges  and  justices 
of  inferior  local  courts. 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

Tfce'b'B-th    of         Section  T.    Members  of  the  Legislature,  and  all  officers,  executive  and  Judicial,  except  such  Inferior  officers 

office.  as  shall  be  by  law  exempted,  shall,  before  they  enter  on  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  take  and  subscribe 

the  following  oath  or  affirmation :    "I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  support  the  Constitution  of 

the  United  States,  and  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  that  I  will  faithtullv  discharge  the  duties 

of  the  office  of ,  according  to  the  best  of  mv  ability  ;"  and  all  such  officers  who  sfiall  have  been  chosen 

at  any  election  shall,  before  they  enter  on  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  take  and  subscribe  the  oath 
or  affirmation  above  prescribed,  together  with  the  following  addition  thereto,  as  part  thereof : 

"And  I  do  further  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  have  not  directly  or  Indirectly  paid,  offered  orpromisrd 

lo  pay.  contributed,  or  offered  or  promised  to  contribute  any  monev  or  other  valuable  thing  as  a  consideration 

or  reward  for  the  giving  or  withholding  a  vote  at  the  election  at  which  1  was  elected  to  said  office,  and  have  not 

made  any  promise  to  influence  the  giving  or  withholding  any  such  vote,"  and  no  other  oath,  declaration  or  test 

shall  be  required  as  a  qualification  for  any  office  of  public  trust. 

Acceptance  of  a         Section   II.    Any  person  holding  office  under  the  laws  of  this  State  who,  except  In  payment  of  his  legal 

bribe.  salary,  fees  or  perquisites,  shall    receive  or  consent  to  receive,  directly  or  indirecT.y,  anything  of  value  or  of 

personal  advantage,  or  the  promise  thereof ,  for  performing  or  omitting  to  .perform  any  official  act,  or  with 

the  express  or  implied  understanding  that  his  official  action  or  omission  to  act  is  to  be  in  any  de^^ree  influenced 

thereby,  shall   be  deemed  guilty   of   a  felony.    This  section  shall   not  affect  the  validity  of  any  existing 

statute  in  relation  to  the  offence  of  bribery. 

Promise  or  offer  Section  III.     Any  person  who  shall  olfer  or  promise  a  bribe  to  an  officer,  if  it  shall  be  received,  shall  be 

of  a  bribe.         deemed  guilty  of  a  felony  and  liable   to  punishment,  except  as  herein   provided.     No  person  offering  a  bribe 

shall,  npon  any  prosecution  of  the  officer  for  receiving  sucn  b'ibe,  be  privileged  from  testifying  In    relation 

thereto,  and  he  siiall  not  be  liable  to  civil  or  criminal  prosecution  therefor,  if  he  shall  testify  to  the  eivine  or 

offering  of  such  bribe.    Any  person  who  shall  offer  or  promise  a  bribe,  if  it  be  rejected  by  tne  officer  to  whom 

it  was  tendered,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  an  attempt  to  bribe,  which  is  hereby  declared  to  be  a  felony. 

Persons  accused  Section  IV.    Any  person  charged  with  receiving  a  bribe,  or  with  offering  or  promising  a  bribe,  shall  b« 

of  bribery.         permitted  to  testify  in  nis  own  behalf  in  any  civil  or  criminal  prosecution  therefor. 
Free  passes  for-         Section  V.    No  public  officer,  or  person  elected  or  appointed  to  a  public  office,  under  the  laws  of  this 
bidden.  State,  shall  directly  or  indirectly  ask,  demand,  accept,  receive  or  consent  to  receive  for  his  own  use  or  benefit, 

or  for  the  use  or  benefit  of  another,  any  free  pass,  free   transportation,  franking  privilege  or  discrimination  in 
pass-nger,  telegi-aph  or  telephone  rates,  from  any  person  or  corporation,  or  make  use  of  the  same  himself  or  In 
conjunction  with  another.     A  person  who  violates  any  provision  of  this  section,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  shall  forfeit  his  office  at  the  suit  of  the  Attorney-General.    Any  corporation  or  officer  or 
agent  thereof,  who  shall  offer  or  promise  to  a  public  officer,  or  person  elected  or  appointed  to  a  public  office, 
any  such  free  pass,  free  transporation,  franking  privilege  or  discrimination  shall  also  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor  and  liable  to  punishment  except  as  herein  provided.    No  person  or  officer  or  agent  of  a  corporation 
giving  any  such  free  pass,  tree  transportation,  franking  privilege  or  discrimination,  hereby  prohibited,  shall 
be  privileged  from  testifying  in  relation  thereto,  and  he  shall  not  be  liable   to  civil  or  ciiminal  prosecution 
therefor  it  he  shall  testify  to  the  giving  of  the  same. 
Dlstrict-At»         Skction  VI.     Any   district-attorney  who  shall   fail    faithfully  to  prosecute  a   person  charged  with  the 
tornevs    a  n  d  violation  in  his  county  of   any  provision  of   this  article  which  may  come  to  his  knowledge,  shall  be  removed 
bribery-  from  office  by  the  Governor,  after  due  notice   and   an    opportunity  of   being  heard   lu   his  defence.    The  ex- 

penses which  shall  be  incurred  by  any  county,  in  Investigating  aud  prosecuting  any  charge  of  bribery  or 
attempting  to  bribe  any  person  holding  office  under  the  laws  of  this  State  within  such  county,  or  of  receiving 
bribes  by  any  such  person  in  said  county,  shall  be  a  charge  against  the  State,  and  their  payment  by  ths 
State  shall  be  provided  for  by  law, 

ARTICI.E  XIT. 

Constitutional  Skctton  1.  Any  amendment  or  amendments  to  this  Constitution  may  be  proposed  In  the  Senate  and 
^^lu^ndments.  Assembly  ;  and  if  the  same  shall  be  agreed  to  by  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  each  of  the  two  Houses, 
- -*  ->=■■  ^   -  such  proposed  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  entered  on  their  journals,  and   the   yeas   and   nays  taken 

therein,  and  referred  to  the  Legislature  to  be  chosen  at  the  next  general  election    of  Senators,  and  sh.tll  be 
'•  pi.iblishtd  for  three  months  previous  to  the  time  of  making  snch   choice;    and   if  in.the  Legislature  so  next 

ehosen.  as  fore.said,  such  proposed  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  agreed  to  by  a  majority  of  .all  the  mem- 
bers elected  to  each  House,  then  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Legislature  to  submit  such  proposed  amendment  or 
amendments  to  the  people  for  approval  in  such  manner  and  at  such  times  as  the  Legislature  shal  1  prescribe  ; 
and  if  the  people  shall  approve  and  ratify  such  amendment  or  amendments  by  a  majority  of  the  electors  voting 
thereon,  such  amendment  or  amendments  shall  become  a  part  of  the  Constitution,  from  and  after  the  first  day 
of  January  next  after  such  approval. 

JSection  II  provides  for  future  Constitutional  conventions  every  20  years.    At  the  general  election  to  be 

held  in  1916  and  every  20  years  thereafter,  and  also  at  such  times  as  the  Legislature  may  provide,  the  ques-^ 

tion  :  "  Shall  there  bea  Convention  to  revise  the  Constitution  and  amend  the  same  ?  "  shall  be  decided  by  th© 

electors  of  the  State.     The  section  further  provides,  in  case  the  electors  decide  in  favor  of  a  Convention,  the; 

manner  in  which  .the  delesiates  thereto  shall  be  chosen,   their  compensation,  how  vacancies  shall  be  filled  and 

how  the  new  Constitution  shall  be  submitted  to  the  electors  of  the  State  for  ratification  or  rejection.^ 

Convention  and  Section  HI.    Any  amendment  proposed  by  a  constitutional  convention  relating  to  the  same  subject  as  an 

1  e  gi  s  I  a  t  i  ve  amendment  proposed  by  the   Legislature,  coincidently  submitted  to  the    people  for  approval  at  the  general 

amendments,     election  held  in  the  year  1894,  or  at  any  subsequent  election,  shall.  If  approved,  be  deemed  to  supercede  th* 

amendment  so  proposed  by  the  Legislature. 

ARTICLE  XV, 

When  in  force.  Skction  I.    This  Conatitutlon  sha21  be   in  force  from  and  including  Jasnary  1, 1895,  except  as  herein 

otherwise  provided. 

This  Constitution  was  signed  by  Joseph  Hodges  Choate,  president,  and  Charles  Elliott  Fitdi,  Becretaiy, 
September  29,1894. 


37^  declaration  of  Independence. 


23eclaiMtion  oC  Kntrcptntrcnce. 

IN  CONGRESS  JUI.Y    4,    1776. 

The  unanimous  declaration  of  the  thirteeu  UnitPd  Suites  of  America.  When  Jn  the  Course  of 
human  events,  it  becomes  necessarj-  for  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political  bands  which  have  con- 
nected tliem  with  another,  and  to  assume  among  the  powers  of  the  earth,  the  separate  and  equal  sta- 
tion to  which  the  f^aws  of  Nature  and  of  Nature's  Goa  entitles  them,  a  decent  respect  to  the  opiuionS 
of  mankind  recjnires  that  they  should  declare  the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident,  that  all  men  are  created  equal,  tli^i  tliey  are  endowed  by 
their  Creator  with  certain  unalienable  Rights,  that  among  these  are  L.ile,  Liberty  and  the  pursuit  of 
Happiness.  That  to  secure  these  rights,  Governments  are  iustituted  among  lAJen,  deriving  their  just 
powers  from  tlie  consent  of  the  governed,  That  wheneverany  Form  of  Government  becomes  destruc- 
tive ot  these  ends,  it  is  the  Right  of  the  People  to  alter  or  to  abolish  it,  and  to  institute  new  Govern- 
ment laying  its  foundation  on  such  principles  and  organizing  its  powers  in  such  lorm,as  to  them 
shall  seem  most  likely  to  effect  their  Safety  and  Happiness.  Prudence,  indeed,  will  dictate  that 
Governments  long  established  should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient  causes;  and  accordingly 
all  experience  hath  shewn,  that  mankind  are  more  disposed  to  suffer,  while  evils  are  sutterable,  than 
to  right  themselves  by  abolishing  the  forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed.    But  when  a  long  train  of 


history  of  the  present  King  of  Great  Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injiiries  and  usurpations,  all 
having  in  direct  object  the  establishment  of  an  absolute  Tyranny  over  these  States.  To  prove  this, 
let  Pacts  be  submitted  to  a  candid  world. 

He  has  refused  his  Assent  to  Laws,  the  most  wholesome  and  necessary  for  the  public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  Governors  to  pass  Laws  of  immediate  and  pressing  importance,  unless  sus- 
pended in  their  operation  till  his  Asseut  should  be  obtained;  and  when  so  sus))euded,  he  has  utterly 
neglected  to  attend  to  tjiem. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  Laws  for  the  accommodation  of  large  districts  of  people,  unless  those 
people  would  relinquish  the  right  of  Representation  in  the  Legislature,  a  right  inestimable  to  them 
and  formidai)le  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  Called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual,  uncomfortable,  and  distant  from  the 
depository  of  their  public  Records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  fatiguing  them  into  compliauce  with  hia 
measures.   ■»  , 

He  hasdissolved  Representative  Houses  repeatedly,  for  opposing'  with  manly  firmness  his  iuva«- 
sions  on  the  rights  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused  for  a  long  time,  after  such  dissolutions,  to  cause  others  to  be  elected ;  whereby  th3 
Legislative  powers,  incapable  of  Annihilatiou,  have  returned  to  the  People  at  large  for  their  exer- 
cise: the  State  remaining  in  the  meantime  exposed  to  all  the  dangers  of  invasion  ii'om  without,  and 
convulsions  within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these  States;  for  that  purpose  obstructing  the 
Law^s  for  Naturalization  of  Foreigners;  refusing  to  pass  others  to  encourage  their  miRrations  hither, 
and  raising  the  conditions  of  new  Appropriations  of  frauds. 

He  has  obstructed  the  Administration  of  Justice,  by  refusing  his  Assent  to  Laws  for  establishing 
Judiciarj'  Powers. 

He  has  made  Judges  dependent  on  his  Will  alone,  for  the  tenure  of  their  offices,  and  the  amount 
and  payment  of  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitudeof  New  Offices,  and  sent  hither  swarms  of  Officers  to  harass  our  peo- 
ple, and  eat  out  their  substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace.  Standing  Armies  without  the  Consent  of  our  legislature. 

He  has  attected  to  render  the  Military  independent  of  and  superior  to  the  Civil  power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisdiction  foreign  to  our  constitution,  and 
unacknowledged  by  our  laws;  giving  his  Asseut  to  their  Acts  of  pretended  Legislation: 
''    For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops  among  us: 

For  protecting[  them,  by  a  mock  Trial,  from  punishment  for  any  Murders  which  they  should  com- 
mit on  the  fuhabitanUsof  these  States: 

For  cutting  off  our  Trade  with  all  parts  of  the  world: 

For  imposing  Taxes  on  us  without  our  Consent: 

For  depriving  ns  in  many  cases,  of  tlie  benelitsof  Trial  by  jury: 

For  transporting  us  beyond  Seas  to  be  tried  for  pretended  otfences: 

For  abolishing  the  free  System  of  English  Laws  in  a  neighboring  Province,  establishing  therein  an 
Arbitrary  government,  and  enlarging  its  Boundaries  so  as  to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit 
instrument  for  introducing  the  same  absolute  rule  into  these  Colonies: 

For  taking  away  our  Charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable  Laws,  and  altering  fundamentally 
the  Forms  of  our  Governments: 

Forsuspendingourown  Legislatures,  and  declaring  themselves  invested  with  power  to  legislate 
for  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  Government  here,  by  declaring  us  out  of  his  Protection  and  waging  War 
against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  Coasts,  burnt  our  towns,  and  aestroyed  the  lives  of  oai 
people. 

He  is  at  this  lime  transporting  large  Armies  of  foreign  Mercenaries  to  compleat  the  works  of 
death* desolation  and  tyranny,  already  begun  with  circumstances  of  Cruelty  &  perfidy  scarcely 
paralleled  in  the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  totally  unworthy  the  Head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-Citizens  tnken  captive  on  the  high  Seas  to  bear  Arms  against  their 
Country,  to  become  the  executioners  of  their  frieuds  and  Brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their 
Hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  amongst  us,  and  has  endeavored  to  bring  on  the  inhabitants 
of  our  frontiers,  the  merciless  Indian  Savjiges,  whose  known  rule  of  warfare,  is  an  undisiinguished 
destruction  of  all  ages,  sexes  and  con<litions. 

In  everj'  stage  of  these  Oppressions  We  have  Petitioned  for  Redress  in  the  most  htrtnble  terms: 
Our  repeated  Petitions  have  been  answered  only  by  repeated  injury.  A  Prince,  whose  character  is 
thus  marKed  by  every  act  which  may  define  a  Tyrant,  is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

Nor  have  We  been  wanting  in  attentions  to  our  British  brethren.  We  have  warned  them  from 
time  to  time  of  attempts  by  their  legislature  to  extend  an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.  We 
have  reminded  them  of  the  circumstances  of  our  emigration  and  settlement  here.    We  have  ap- 


The    United  States   Census.  173 

DEOhARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE— Co««t;j(/zd. 


pealecl  to  their  native  justice  and  magnanirait3\  and  we  have  conjured  them  by  the  tiesof  our  common 
kindred  to  disavow  these  usurpations,  which,  would  inevitably  interrupt  our  connections  and  corre- 
spondence. They  too  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of  justice  ami  of  cousau^uinity.  We  must,  there- 
fore, acquiesce  in  the  necessity,  which  denounces  our  Separation,  and  hold  them,  as  we  hold  the 
rest  of  mankind,  Euemies  in  War,  hi  Peace  friends. 

WE,  THEREB'ORE,  the  Repkksentatives  of  the  UxiTKn  States  of  America,  in  Gen-eral 
Congress,  Assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of  the  world  for  the  rectitude  of  our  inten- 
tions, do,  in  the  Name,  and  by  authority  of  the  good  People  of  these  Colonies,  solemnly  publish 
and  DECLARE,  That  these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  Right  ought  to  be  free  and  independent 
States;  that  I hej' are  Absolved  from  all  Allegiance  to  the  British  Crown,  and  that  all  political  con- 
nection between  them  and  the  State  of  Great  Britain,  is  and  ought  to  be  totally  dissolved;  and  that 
as  FREE  and  INDEPENDENT  STATES,  they  have  full  Power  to  levy  War,  conclude  Peace,  contract 
Alliances,  establish  Commerce,  and  to  do  all  other  Acts  and  Things  which  independent  States 
may  of  right  do.  And  for  the  support  of  this  Declaration,  with  a  firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of 
Divine  Providence,  We  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  Lives,  our  Fortunes,  and  our  sacred  Honor. 

(The  foregoing  declaration  was,  by  order  of  Congress,  engrossed,  and  signed  by  the  follf)wiug 
members:)  JOHN  HANCOCK. 

New  Hampshire— Josiah  Bartlett,  AVm.  Whipple,  Matthew  Thornton. 

Massachusetts  Bay— .Saml.  Adams,  John  Adams,  Robt.  Treat  Paine,  Elbridge  Gerry. 

Rhode  Island,  etc.— Step.  Hopkins,  William  Ellery. 

Connecticut— Roger  Sherman,  Sam'el  Huntington,  Wm.  Williams,  Oliver  Wolcott. 

New  York— Wm.  Floyd,  Phil.  Livingston,  Frans.  Lewis,  Lewis  Morris. 

New  Jersey— Richd.  Stockton,  Jno.  Witherspoou,  Fras.  Hopkinson,  John  Hart,  Abra.  Clark. 

Penns3'lvania— Robt.  Morris,  Benjamin  Rush,  Beuja.  Franklin,  John  Morton,  Geo.  Clymer,  Jas. 
Smith,  Geo.  Taylor,  James  Wilson,  Geo.  Ross. 

I>elaware— Caesar  Rodney,  Geo.  Read,  Theo.  M'Kean. 

Maryland— Samuel  Chase,  Wm.  Paca,  Thos.  Stone,  Charles  Carroll  of  CarroUton. 

Virginia— George  Wythe,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  Th.  Jefferson,  Benja.  Harrison,  Thos.  Nelson,  jr., 
Francis  Liightfoot  Lee,  Carter  Braxton. 

North  Carolina— Wm.  Hooper,  Joseph  Hewes,  John  Penn. 

South  Carolina— Edward  Rutledge,  Thos.  Hey  ward,  junr. ,  Thomas  Lynch,  Junr. ,  Arthur 
Middleton. 

Georgia— Button  Gwinnett,  Lyman  Hall,  Geo.  Walton. 


K\)t  WLniifn  S^Uttn  (ttxinnn. 

The  Constitution  requires  that  a  census  of  the  United  States  shall  be  taken  decennially.  The 
FirstCensus  was  taken  in  1790  under  the  supervision  of  the  President;  subsequent  censuses,  to  and 
includini^  that  of  1840,  were  taken  under  tlie  supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  State.  In  1849  the 
supervision  of  the  census  was  transferred  to  the  newly  organized  Department  of  the  Interior,  and 
continued  under  the  control  of  that  department  until  the  passage  of  the  act  of  1903  creating  the 
Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor;  by  this  act  the  Census  Office  was  transferred  to  the  supervision 
of  the  new  department.  Congress,  by  act  approved  March  6,  1902,  made  the  Census  Office  a  per- 
manent bureau  of  the  (iovernment. 

The  last  census  of  the  United  States  was  taken  in  1900,  in  accordance  with  the  act  of  ICongress 
approved  March  3,  1899.  This  act  divided  the  statistical  inquiry  into  two  classes:  Reports  of  the 
Twelfth  Census,  comprising  population,  manufactures,  agriculture,  and  vital  statistics;  and  special 
reports,  the  insane  and  feeble-minded,  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind;  crime,  pauperism,  and  benevolence; 
deathsand  births  in  registration  areas,  social  statistics  of  cities,  wealth,  debt,  and  taxation;  religious 
bodies,  electric  light  and  power,  telephones  and  telegraphs,  transportation  by  water,  street  railways, 
express  companies,  and  mines  and  mining.  To  these  were  subsequently  added  annual  statistics  of 
cotton  production.  The  series  comprising  the  main  reports  of  the  Twelfth  Census  were  by  law 
ordered  compiled  and  published  by  July  1,  1902,  after  which  the  special  reports  were  to  receive 
consideration.  In  accordance  with  this  law,  ten  volumes  of  the  main  reports,  comprising  about 
10,000  pages,  were  published  within  the  period  specified,  and  summaries  of  these  reports  will  be 
found  on  other  pages  of  The  World  Almanac*. 

Since  July  1, 1902,  the  Bureau  of  the  Cens  is  has  been  engaged  in  securing  and  tabulating  statistics 
relating  to  the  secondary  reports,  several  of  which  have  been  completed  or  are  now  approaching  com- 
pletion. By  act  of  Congress  the  President  was  empowered  to  instruct  the  Census  Office  to  compile  the 
census  of  the  Philippine  Islands.  In  compliance  with  the  President's  order  the  tabulation  was  made 
and  the  reports  were  published  in  four  volumes.  An  edition  in  Spanish  was  also  issued.  Numerous 
minor  assignments  of  statistical  work  have  been  made  to  the  Bureau.  It  is  likely,indeed,  to  become 
the  main  producer  of,  or  clearing-house  for.  Federal  statistics,  as  predicted  during  the  discussion  that 
preceded  the  establishment  of  the  permanent  office.  Since  the  publication  of  the  main  reports  of 
the  Twelfth  Census  the  Bureau  has  published  the  Abstract  of  the  Twelfth  Census,  the  Statistical 
Atlas  of  the  United  States,  special  reports  on  Emploj'es  and  Wages,  Occupations,  Mines  and 
Quarries,  Street  Railways,  Benevolent  Institutions, -Electric  Light  and  Power  Stations,  the  Blind 
and  the  Deaf;  Mortality,  1900  to  1904;  Supplementarj' Analysis  of  the  Twelfth  Census;  the  Insane 
and  Feeble-minded  in  Hospitals  and  Institutions;  Paupers  in  Almshouses,  Manufactures,  1905; 
Wealth,  Debt,  and  Taxation;  Prisoners;  Women  at  Work;  Mortalitj',  1905;  and  bulletins  on 
Statistics  of  Cities,  Valuation  of  Railway  Operating  Property,  and  Child  Labor.  It  has  also  taken 
the  census  of  Manufactures  of  1905,  and  has  issued  bulletins  giving  the  results  for  the  United  States 
and  for  the  States  and  Territories,  and  for  specified  industries.  During  1908  the  Bureau  will  be 
occupied  principally  in  completing  the  reports  on  Wages,  Transportation  by  Water;  IMarriage  and 
Divorce;  Religfous  Bodies;  Criminal  Judicial  Statistics;  Express  Companies,  and  the  annual  reports 
on  Morta'iitv  and  Cotton  Production  and  Consumption. 

The  Director  of  the  Census  is  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  receives  a 
salary  of  §6,000.  The  present  Director  is  S.  N.  D,  North,  of  Massachusetts.  The  office  organization 
consistsof  chief  clerk,  William  S.  Rossiter;  a  disbursing  and  appointment  clerk,  Thomas  S.  Merrill; 
four  chief  statisticians;  for  population,  William  C.  Hunt;  for  manufactures,  William  M.  Steiiart;  for 
agriculture,  Le  Grand  Powers,  and  for  vital  statistics,  Cressy  L.  Wilbur;  a  geographer,  Charles  S. 
Sloane;  and  such  administrative  division  chiefs  asare  required  by  the  demands  of  the  office.  The 
pntire  numberof  employes  in  the  Bureau  on  July  1, 1907,  was  636.  This  number  does  not  include 
epecial  agents  em Dloyea  intermittently  in  the  Southern  States  for  the  collection  of  cotton  §|&ti9tica. 


174  Washington's  Farewell  Address. 

EXTRACTS    FROM     HIS     ADDRESS     COUNSELLING    THE    MAINTENANCE    OP    THBJ 

UNION.— CONFINEMENT    OF    THE    GENERAL    GOVERNMENT    TO    ITS    COKSTI- 

TUTIONAL    LIMITATIONS.    AND    AVOIDANCE    OF    RELATIONS 

WITH    FOREIGN   POLITICAL   AFFAIRS. 

(,1b  the  Peoiile  of  the  United  States  on  His  Approaching  Retirement  from  the  Presidency.) 

Here,  perhaps,  I  ought  to  stop;  but  a  solicitude  for  your  welfare,  whicli  cannot  end  but 
with  my  life,  and  the  apprehension  of  danger  natural  to  that  solicitude,  urge  me,  on  an- 
occasion  like  the  present,  to  offer  to  your  solemn  contemplation,  and  to  recommend  to  your" 
frequent  review,  some  sentiments,  which  are  the  result  of  much  reflection,  of  no  inconsid- 
erable observation,  and  which  appear  to  me  all  important  to  the  permanency  of  your  felicity 
as  a  people.  These  will  be  afforded  to  you  with  the  more  freedom,  as  you  can  only  see  in 
them  the  disinterested  warnings  of  a  parting  friend,  who  can  possibly  have  no  personal 
motive  to  bias  his  counsel;  nor  can  I  forget,  as  an  encouragement  to  it,  your  indulgent 
reception  of  my  sentiments  on  a  former  and  not  dissimilar  occasion. 

Interwoven  as  is  the  love  of  liberty  with  every  ligament  of  your  hearts,  no  recom- 
mendation of  mine  is  necessary  to  fortify  or  confirm  the  attachment. 

PRESERVATION   OF   THE   UNION. 

The  unity  of  government,  which  constitutes  you  one  people,  is  also  now  dear  to  you.  It 
Is  justly  so;  for  it  is  a  main  pillar  in  the  edifice  of  your  real  independence — the  support  of 
your  tranquillity  at  home,  your  peace  abroad,  of  jour  safety,  of  your  prosperity,  of  that  very 
liberty  which  you  so  highly  prize.  But  as  it  is  easy  to  foresee  that,  from  different  causes 
and  from  different  quarters,  much  pains  will  be  taken,  many  artifices  employed,  to  weaken 
In  your  minds  the  conviction  of  this  truth;  as  this  is  the  point  in  your  political  fortress 
against  which  the  batteries  of  internal  and  external  enemies  will  be  most  constantly  and 
actively  (though  often  covertly  and  insidiously)  directed — it  is  of  infinite  moment  that  you 
should  properly  estimate  the  immense  value  of  your  national  union  to  your  collective  and 
Individual  happiness;  that  you  should  cherish  a  cordial,  habitual  and  immovable  attachment 
to  it;  accustoming  yourselves  to  think  and  speak  of  it  as  of  the  palladium  of  your  political 
safety  and  prosperity;  watching  for  its  preservation  with  jealous  anxiety;  discountenancing 
whatever  may  suggest  even  a  suspicion  that  it  can,  in  any  event,  be  abandoned;  and  indig- 
nantly fpowning'  upon  the  first  dawning  of  every  attempt  to  alienate  any  portion  of  our 
country  from  the  rest,  or  to  enfeeble  the  sacred  ties  which  now  link  together  the  various 
parts. 

For  this  you  have  everj'  Inducement  of  sympathy  and  interest.  Citizens  by  birth  or 
choice,  of  a  common  country,  that  country  has  a  right  to  concentrate  your  affections.  The 
name  of  America,  which  belongs  to  you  in  your  national  capacity,  must  always  exalt  the 
just  pride  of  patriotism,  more  than  any  appellation  derived  from  local  discriminations. 
With  slight  shades  of  difference,  you  have  the  same  religion,  manners,  habits,  and  political! 
principles.  You  have,  in  a  common  cause,  fought  and  triumphed  together';  the  independence 
and  liberty  you  possess  are  the  work  of  joint  counsels  and  joint  efforts,  of  common  dangers^ 
sufferings,  and  successes. 

ENCROACHMENTS   BY   THE   GOVERNMENT. 

It  is  important,  likewise,  that  the  habits  of  thinking,  in  a  free  country,  should  inspire 
caution  in  those  intrusted  with  its  administration,  to  confine  themselves  within  their  respec- 
tive constitutional  spheres,  avoiding,  in  the  exercise  of  the  powers  of  one  department,  t» 
encroach  upon  another.  The  spirit  of  encroachment  tends  to  consolidate  the  powers  of  all 
the  departments  in  one,  and  thus  to  create,  whatever  the  form  of  government,  a  real  des- 
potism. A  just  estimate  of  that  love  of  power,  and  proneness  to  abuse  it  which  predom- 
inates in  the  human  heart,  is  sufficient  to  satisfy  us  of  the  truth  of  this  position.  The 
necessity  of  reciprocal  checks  in  the  exercise  of  political  power,  by  dividing  and  distributing 
it  into  different  depositories,  and  constituting  each  the  guardian  of  the  public  weal,  against 
Invasions  by  the  others,  has  been  evinced  by  experiments,  ancient  and  modern;  some  of  them 
in  our  own  country,  and  under  our  own  eyes.  To  preserve  them  must  be  as  necessary  as 
to  institute  them.  If,  in  the  opinion  of  the  people,  the  distribution  or  modification  of  the 
constitutional  powers  be,  in  any  particular,  wrong,  let  it  be  corrected  by  an  amendment  in 
the  way  which  the  Constitution  designates.  But  let  there  be  no  change  by  usurpation;  for 
though  this,  in  one  instance,  may  be  the  instrument  of  good,  it  is  the  customary  weapon  by 
which  fi'ee  governments  are  destroyed.  The  precedent  must  always  greatly  overbalance.  In 
permanent  evil,   and  partial  or  transient  benefit  which   the  use  can,  at  any  time,   yield. 

Observe  good  faith  and  justice  toward  all  nations;  cultivate  peace  and  harmony  with 
all;  religion  and  morality  enjoin  this  conduct;  and  can  it  be  that  good  policy  does  not 
equally  enjoin  it?  It  will  be  worthy  of  a  free,  enlightened,  and,  at  no  distant  period,  a 
great  nation,  to  give  to  mankind  the  magnanimous  and  too  novel  example  of  a  people 
always  guided  by  an  exalted  justice  and  benevolence.  Who  can  doubt  that,  in  the  course  of 
time  and  things,  the  fruits  of  such  a  plan  would  richly  repay  any  temporary  advantages 
which  might  be  lost  by  a  steady  adherence  to  it?  Can  it  be  that  Providence  has  not  con- 
nected the  permanent  felicity  of  a  nation  with  its  virtue?  The  experiment,  at  least,  is 
recommended  by  every  sentiment  which  ennobles  human  nature.  Alas!  is  It  rendered 
impossible  by  its  vices? 

ENTANGLEMENTS    WITH    FOREIGN    POWERS. 

Against  the  insidious  wiles  of  foreign  influence  (I  conjure  you  to  believe  me,  fellow- 
citizens)  the  jealousy  of  a  free  people  ought  to  be  constantly  awake;  since  history  and  expe- 
rience prove  that  foreign  influence  is  one  of  the  most  baneful  foes  of  republican  government. 
But  that  jealousy  to  be  useful,  must  be  impartial;  else  it  becomes  the  instrument  of  the 
very  influence  to  be  avoided,  instead  of  a  defense  against  it.  Excessive  partiality  for  one 
foreign  nation,  and  excessive  dislike  for  another,  cause  those  whom  they  actuate  to  see 
danger  only  on  one  side,  and  serve  to  veil,  and  even  second,  the  arts  of  influence  on  the 
other.  Real  patriots,  who  may  resist  the  Intrigues  of  the  favorite,  are  liable  to  become 
suspected  and  odious.,  while  its  tools  and  dupe«  usuri>  th«  applAUs«  iind  confidence  ol  th« 
people,  to  surrender  their  Interns**. 


hnpeaclwienis  in    United  States  History.  ,176 


mercial  relations,  to  have  with  them  as  little  political  connection  as  possible.  So  far  as  we 
have  already  formed  engagements,  let  them  be  fulfilled  with  perfect  good  faith.  Here 
let  us  stop. 

Europe  has  a  set  of  primary  interests,  which  to  us  have  none,  or  a  very  remote  relation. 
Hence  she  must  be  engaged  in  frequent  controversies,  the  causes  of  which  are  essentially 
foreign  to  our  concerns.  Hence,  therefore,  it  must  be  unwise  in  us  to  implicate  ourselves, 
by  artificial  ties,  in  the  ordinary  vicissitudes  of  her  politics,  or  the  ordinary  combinations 
and  collisions  of  her  friendships  or  enmities. 

Our  detached  and  distant  situation  invites  and  enables  us  to  pursue  a  different  course. 
If  we  remain  one  people  under  an  efficient  government,  the  period  is  not  far  off  when  we 
may  defy  material  injury  from  external  annoyance;  when  we  may  take  such  an  attitude 
as  will  cause  the  neutrality  we  may  at  any  time  resolve  upon,  to  be  scrupulously  respected; 
when  belligerent  nations,  under  the  impossibility  of  making  acfiuisitions  upon  us,  will  not 
lightly  hazard  the  giving  us  provocation;  when  we  may  choose  peace  or  war,  as  ovlt  interest, 
guided  by  justice,   shall  counsel. 

PARTING   COUNSELS. 

Xn  offering  to  you,  my  countrymen,  these  counsels  of  an  old  and  affectionate  friend,  I 
dare  not  hope  that  they  will  make  the  strong  and  lasting  impression  I  could  wish;  that  they 
will  control  the  usual  current  of  the  passions,  or  prevent  our  nation  from  running  the  course 
which  has  hitherto  marked  the  destiny  of  nations;  but  if  I  may  even  flatter  myself  that  they 
may  be  productive  of  some  partial  benefit,  some  occasional  good;  that  they  may  now  and 
then  recur  to  moderate  the  fury  of  party  spirit,  to  warn  against  the  mischiefs  of  foreign 
intrigues,  to  guard  against  the  impostures  of  pretended  patriotism;  this  hope  will  be  full 
recompense  for  the  solicitude  for  your  welfare  by  which  they  have  been  dictated. 

United  States,   September  17,    1796.  GEORGE   WASHINGTON. 


(Address  at  tlie  Dedication  of  Gettysburg  Cemetery,  I^oveviber  19,  1863, ) 

F0UB.SCORE  and  seven  years  ago  our  fathers  brought  forth  upon  this  continent  a  new 
nation,  conceived  in  liberty,  and  dedicated  to  the  proposition  that  all  men  are  created  equal. 

Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war,  testing  whether  that  nation,  or  any  nation 
so  conceived  and  so  dedicated,  can  long  endure.  We  are  met  on  a  great  battlefield  of  that 
war.  We  are  met  to  dedicate  a  portion  of  it  as  the  final  resting-place  of  those  who  here 
gave  their  lives  that  that  nation  might  live.  It  is  altogether  fitting  and  proper  that  we 
should   do  this. 

But  in  a  larger  sense  we  cannot  dedicate,  we  cannot  consecrate,  we  cannot  hallow  this 
ground.  The  brave  men,  living  and  dead,  who  struggled  here  have  consecrated  it  far  above 
our  power  to  add  or  detract.  The  world  will  little  note  nor  long  remember  what  we  say 
here,  but  it  can  never  forget  what  they  did  here.  It  is  for  us,  the  living,  rather  to  be 
dedicated  here  to  the  unfinished  work  that  they  have  thus  far  so  nobly  carried  on.  It  is 
rather  for  us  to  be  here  dedicated  to  the  great  task  remaining  before  us;  that  from  these 
honored  dead  we  take  increased  devotion  to  the  cause  for  which  they  here  gave  the  last 
full  measure  of  devotion;  that  we  here  highlj^  resolve  that  the  dead  shall  not  have  died  in 
vain;  that  the  nation  shall,  under  God,  have  a  new  birth  of  freedom,  and  that  government 
of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth. 


Kmpcacijmtuts  in  sanitctr  states  l^istor^. 

The  Constiiiuinn  of  the  United  States,  Article  II.,  Section  IV.,  provides  that  civil  officers  of  the 
United  States  may  be  removed  from  office  011  impeachment  and  conviction  of  treason,  bribery  or 
other  high  crimes  audrnlsdemeanors:  that  the  House  of  Kepre.sentatives  has  the  sole  power  of  im- 
peachment, and  the  Senate  the  .sole  power  to  try  impeachments;  that  the  Vice-President  shall  pre- 
side at  impeachments  except  when  the  President  is  tried,  when  the  Chief  Justice  ol' the  Supreme  Court 
shall  preside;  and  that  two-thirdsof  tlif>  members  present  must  vote  for  conviction  before  a  person 
impeached  shall  be  deemed  guilt}'.  Only  eigiit  persons  have  been  impeached  and  tried  before  the 
Senate,  and  only  two  of  them  have  been  convicted.    The  record  is  as  follows: 

William  Blount,  Senator  from  Tennessee;  impeached  Jnly  7,  1797,  for  conspiring  to  wage  war 
with  Spain  in  favor  of  Great  Britain,  to  excite  the  Cherokee  Indians  against  Spain,  and  to  createdis- 
adection  among  the  Indians  toward  the  United  States;  trial  December  17,  1798,  to  January  14, 
1799;  vote,  11  guilty,  14  not  guilty;  verdict,  acquittal. 

John  Pickering,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  New  Hamp- 
shire; impeaclied  1803  for  drunkenness  and  disregard  of  the  terms  of  the  statutes;  trial  March  3  to 
March  12,  1803;    vote,  19  guilty,  7  not  guilty;  verdict,  guilty:  punishment,  removal  from  office. 

Samuel  Chase,  Associate- Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  impeached  1804  for 
misconduct  at  trials  of  persons  charged  with  breach  of  the  Sedition  Daw;  trial  Nov.  30,  1804,  to 
March  1, 1805;  vote,  9  guilty,  30  not  guilty,  and  15  guUty,  19  not  guilty,  on  differept  counts; 
verdict,  acquittal, 

James  Peck,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Missouri;  im- 
peached for  tyrannous  treatment  of  counsel,  1830;  trial^Nfaj'  11  to  May  30,1830,  and  from  Decem- 
ber 13,  1830,  to  January  31,  1831;  vote,  22  guilty,  21  not  guilty;  verdict,  acquittal. 

WestH.Hiimphreys,  Judge  of  the  District  Courtof  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Tennessee, 
impeached  1862  for  supporting  the  secession  movement  and  unlawfidly  acting  as  Judge  of  the  Con- 
federate District  Court;  trial  May  22  to  June  26, 1862;  vote,  32  guilty,  4  not  guilty,  and  38  guilty; 
verdict,  guilt>';  punishment,  removal  from  oflice. 

Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  Slates,  impeached  for  usurpation  of  the  law,  corrupt 
use  of  the  veto  po\\'er,  interfei'ence  at  elections  and  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors;  trial,  March  30 
to  Ma V  26, 1868;  vote,  guilty,  35,  not  guilty,  19;  verdict,  acquittal. 

*        William  W.  Belknap,  Secretary  of  War  of  the  United  States,  impeached  for  accepting  bribes; 
trial  Aprils  to  August  1,  1876;  vote,  guiitv,  35,  notguilty,  25;  verdict,  acquittal. 

Charles  Swayne,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Florida;  im- 
peached 1905  for  misconduct  in  otiice;  tried  February6  to  February  27,  1905;  vote,  55  guilty,  37  not 
guilty;  verdict,  acquittaL 


176 


State  Labor  Siireau$. 


(titi^tnn'  Xntrustrial  Association* 

An  association  of  citizens  embracing  national.  State  and  local  associations  throughout  the  United 
States.  The  declared  purposes  are:  To  assist,  by  all  lawful  and  practical  means,  tlie  properly 
constituted  authorities  of  the  State  and  Nation  in  maintaining  and  defending  the  supremacy  of 
the  law  and  the  rights  of  the  citizen.  To  assist  all  the  people  of  America  in  resisting  encroach- 
ments upon  tlieir  constitutional  rigiits.  To  promote  and  encourage  liarmonious  relations  between 
emploj'ers  and  their  employes  upon  a  basis  of  equal  justice  to  both.  To  assist  local.  State,  and 
national  associations  of  manufacturers,  employers,  and  employes  in  their  efforts  to  establish  and 
maintain  industrial  peace,  and  to  create  and  direct  a  public  sentiment  in  opposition  to  all  forms 
of  violence,  coercion,  and  intimidation,  C.  W.  Post,  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  President;  James  A. 
Emery,  St.  James  Building,  New  York,  Secretary. 

ISTational  (ti\iit  jFctrrration* 

An  organization  of  prominent  representatives  of  capital,  labor,  and  the  general  public  formed  as 
the  direct  outgrowth  of^  conventions  held  in  Chicago  and  New  York  in  1900-1901.  Its  purpose  is  to 
organize  tlie  best  brains  of  the  Nation  in  an  educational  movement  toward  the  solution  of  some  of 
tlie  great  problems  related  to  social  and  industrial  progress;  to  provide  for  study  and  discussion  of 
questions  of  national  import;  to  aid  thus  in  the  crystallization  of  the  most  enlightened  public  opinion; 
and.  when  desirable,  to  promote  legislation  in  accordance  therewith.  At  the  present  time  the  work 
of  the  Federation  is  carried  on  through  the  following  agencies  : 

(1)  The  Public  Ownership  Commission  composed  of  one  hundred  prominent  men  representing 
every  shade  of  opinion  on  this  subject.  The  investigation  by  this  commission  (190G)  into  the  facts 
of  public  ownership  and  operation  here  and  abroad  is  the  most  thorough  j'et  undertaken. 

(2)  The  Immigration  Department  composed  of  men  selected  to  represent  all  localities  in  the 
Union  affected  by  tlie  admission  of  aliens. 


(4)  The  Conciliation  Department  dealing  entirely  with  strikes,  lockouts  and  trade  agreements, 
and  including  in  its  membership  representatives  of  the  leading  organizations  of  employers  and  wage- 
earners.  Tlie  services  of  this  department  have  been  enlisted  in  more  than  five  hundred  cases 
involving  every  phase  of  industrial  controversy. 

(5)  W'elfare  Department  organized  for  the  purpose  of  improving  the  conditions  under  which 
employos  in  all  industries  work  and  live.  Some  of  the  subjects  included  in  the  work  of  the  Depart- 
ment are  sanitary  work  places,  emergency  hospitals,  lunchrooms,  women's  rest  rooms,  recreation, 
educational  opportunities,  and  home  for  employes  and  industrial  insurance. 

(6)  Primary  Election  and  Ballot  Reform  organized  to  arouse  and  promote  public  interest  in 
representative  ajovernment  in  national,  State  and  city  politics.    The  officers  of  the  Federation  are  r 


jami 


August  Belmont,  President;   Samuel  Gompers,   Nahum  J.  Bachelder,  Kllison  A.   Smyth,  Ben- 
in I.Wheeler,  Vice-Presidents;  Isaac  N.  Seligman,  Treasurer;  John  Mitchell,  Chairman  Trade 


Agreement  Committee;  Melville  E.  Jngalls,  Chairman  Public  Ownership  Commission;  Seth  Low, 
Chairman  Conciliation  Committeej  Nicholas  Murray  Butler,  Chairman  Industrial  Economics  Depart- 


Douuelly,  Secretary.    Ofl&ce,  281  Fourth  Avenue.  New  York  City, 


State  aator  J^iireaus* 

LIST  OF   BUREAUS  OF   LABOR    AND  LABOR    STATISTICS    IN  UNITED   STATES. 


Location. 


Districtof  Col 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut.. 

Idaho , 

Illinois , 

Indiana^....., 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

IMaryland 

Massachus'  tts 
Michigan.  . . 
Minnesota.. 
Missouri .... 

Montana 

Nebraska... 
N.  Hampshire 
New  Jersey. 
New  Y^ork. . 
N.  Carolina. 
North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 
Rhode"  Island. 
Tennessee.   .. 

Virginia 

AVashintrion.. 
West  Virginia 
Wisconsin . . 


Title. 


United  States  Bureau  of  Labor 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics... 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 

Bureau  of  Labor  and  Mining  Statistics 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 

Bureauof  Statisti&s 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 

Bureauof  Labor  Statistics 

Bureau  of  Agriculture,  Lab  &  Statistics 

Bureauof  Statistics  of  Labor 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 

Bureau  of  Industrial  Statistics 

Bureau  of  Statistics  of  Labor 

Bureau  of  Labor  &  Industrial  Statistics 

Bureau  of  Labor ' 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  cfe  Inspectioi 
Bureau  of  Agriculture,Lab.&  Industries 
Bureau  of  Labor  &  Industrial  Statistics 

Bureau  of  Labor 

Bureau  of  Statistics  of  Labor  &  Printing 

Department  of  Labor 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 

Department  of  Agriculture  and  Labor 

Bureauof  Labor  Statistics 

Bur.  Labor  Stat.  &  Insp.  Fac,  Works' ps 

Bureau  of  Industrial  Statistics 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 

Bureauof  Mines 

Bureau  of  Labor  &  Industrial  Statistics 

Bureau  of  Labor 

Bureauof  Labor 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 


Organ- 
ized. 

1885 
1883 
1887 
1893 
1895 
1879 
1879 
1884 
18S5 
1876 
19.  )0 
1887 
1884 
1869 
1883 
1887 
1879 
3  893 
1.S87 
1893 
1878 
1883 
1S87 
l^-9!» 
1877 
1903 
1872 
1^87 
1891 
1898 
1897 
18S9 
1S83 


Chief  Officer. 


Charles  P.  Neill. 


AxeL  Swanson. 

William  H.Scoville.. 

T.C.  Egleston 

David  Ross 

Mary  A.  Stubbs 

E.  D.  Brigham 

W.   L.  A.  Johnson. . 

H.  Vreeland 

Robert  E.  Lee 

Thos.  J.  Lyons 

Charles  J.  Fox 

Chas.  F.  Gettomy 

M.  McLeod 

W.  H.  Williams 

J.C.  A.Hiller 

J.  A.  Ferguson 

John  J.  Kj'der , 

Lysander  H.  Carroll 

W.  C.  Garri.son 

P.  T.  Sherman 

Uenrv  B.  Varner 

W.   C.  Oilbreath 

M.   D.  Ratchford 

O.P.Hoff" 

J.  L.  Rockey 

George  H.  Webb 

R.  E.  Shiflett 

James  B.  Doherty 

C.  F.  Hubbard 

L  V.  Barton 

J-  D.  Beck 


Address. 


Washington. 

San  Francisco. 

Denver. 

Hartford. 

Bois^. 

Springfield. 

Indianapolis. 

Des  Moines. 

Topeka. 

Frankfort. 

New  Orleans, La. 

Augusta. 

Baltimore. 

Boston. 

Lansing. 

St.  Paul. 

Jefferson  City. 

Helena. 

Lincoln. 

Concord. 

Trenton. 

Albany. 

Raleigh. 

Bismarck. 

Columbus. 

Salem. 

Harrisburg. 

Providence. 

Nashville. 

Richmond. 

Olympia. 

Wheeling: 

Madison. 


Labor  Legislation,  177 


ILaiJor  Hcfiislation* 


BOYCOTTING,  BLACKLISTING  AND  INTIMIDATION  I.AWS. 

The  States  having  laws  prohibiting  ftot/coWmgr  in  terms  are  Alabama,  Colorado,  Illinois,  Indiana, 
and  Texas . 

The  States  having  laws  prohibiting  blacklisting  in  terms  are  Alabama,  Arkansas,  Colorado,  Con- 
necticut, Florida,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Montana,  Nevada,  North 
Dakota,  Oklahoma,  Oregon,  Texas,  Utah,  Virginia,  Washington,  and  Wisconsin. 

A  number  of  States  have  enacted  laws  couceriiing  i/(/i;n/V<o/ion,  conspiracy  against  workingmpn, 
and  interference  with  employment,  viz.:  Alabama,  Arkansas,  Connecticut,  Delaware.  Florida, 
Georgia,  Illinois,  Kansas.  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Mis- 
sissippi. Missouri,  New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Dakota.  Oklahoma,  Oreeron, 
Pennsylvania,  Porto  Rico,  Rhode  Island,  South  Dakota,  Texas,  Utah,  Vermont,  Washington,  West 
Virginia,  and  Wisconsin. 

In  tne  following  States  it  is  unlawful  for  an  employer  to  exact  any  agreement,  either  written  or 
verbal,  from  an  emplove  not  to  join  or  become  a  member  of  a  labor  organization,  as  a  condition  of 
emplovment:  California,  Colorado,  Connecticut.  Idaho,  Indiana,  Kansas,  Massachusetts,  Minnesota, 
Nevada,  New  Jersey,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Porto  Rico  and  Wisconsin. 

EIGHT- HOUR,  LA W^S. 

Arizona.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  daj^'s  labor  in  all  underground  mines  and  workings. 

Arkansas.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  work  on  public  highways  and  bridges. 

California.— Unless  otherwise  expressly  stipulated,  eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  work.  The 
time  of  service  of  all  laborers,  workmen,  and  mechanics  employed  upon  any  public  works  of,  or 
work  done  for,  tlie  State,  or  for  any  political  sub-division  thereof,  whether  the  work  is  to  be  done  by 
contract  or  otherwise,  is  limited  and  restricted  to  eight  hours  in  any  one  calendar  day. 

Colorado.— A  day's  work  for  all  workingmen  employed  by  the  State,  or  any  county,  township, 
school  district,  municipality,  or  incorporated  town,  and  for  all  employes  in  underground  mines  or 
workings,  and  in  smelting  and  refining  works,  is  restricted  to  eight  hours. 

Connecticnt.— Eight  hours  of  labor  constitute  a  lawful  day's  work  unless  otherwise  agreed. 

Delaware.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  lawful  day's  work  for  all  municipal  employes  of  the  city  of 
Wilmington. 

District  of  Columbia.— A  day's  work  for  all  laborers  and  mechanics  employed  by  the  District 
of  Columbia,  or  by  any  contractor  or  sub-contractor  upon  anj' public  works  of  the  District,  is  limited 
to  eight  hours. 

Hawaii.— For  all  mechanics,  clerks,  laborers,  and  other  employes  on  public  works  and  in  public 
oflBces  eight  hours  of  actual  service  constitute  a  day '  s  work. 

Idaho.— Eight  hours'  actual  work  constitute  a  lawful  day's  labor  for  manual  laborers  employed  by 
the  day  on  all  State,  county,  and  municipal  works. 

IIIinois.-Eight  hours  are  a  legal  day's  work  in  all  mechanical  employments,  except  on  farms, 
and  when  otherwise  agreed ;  the  law  does  not  apply  to  service  by  the  year,  month,  or  week.  Eight 
hours  constitute  a  day's  labor  on  the  public  highways. 

Indiana.— Eight  hours  of  labor  constitute  a  legal  day's  work  for  all  classes  of  mechanics,  work- 
ingmen, and  laborers,  excepting  those  engaged  in  agricultural  and  domestic  labor.  Overwork  by 
agreement  and  for  extra  compensation  is  permitted. 

Iowa.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  labor  on  the  public  roads. 

Kansas.- Eighthours  are  a  day's  work  for  all  laborers,  mechanics,  or  other  persons  employed 
by  or  on  behalf  of  the  State  or  any  county,  city,  to\vuship,  or  other  municipality. 

Kentucliy.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  work  on  the  public  roads. 

i^Iaryland,— No  mechanic  or  laborer  employed  by  the  Mayoror  City  Council  of  Baltimore,  or  by 
any  agent  or  contractor  under  them,  shall  be  required  to  work  more  than  eight  hours  as  a  day' s  labor. 

Massachusetts.— Eight  hours  shall  constitute  a  day's  work  for  all  laborers,  workmen,  and 
mechanics  emplo.ved  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  Commonwealth  or  any  county  therein,  or  of  any  city  or 
town  in  theComiiionwealth  upon  acceptance  of  the  statute  by  a  majority  of  voters  present  and  voting 
upon  the  same  atauy  general  election. 

Minnesota.- Eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  labor  for  all  laborers,  workmen,  or  mechanics  em- 
ployed by  or  on  behalf  of  the  State,  whether  the  work  is  done  bj'  contract  or  otherwise. 

i^Iissouri.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  legal  day's  work.  The  law  does  not  prevent  an  agreement 
to  work  for  a  longer  or  a  shorter  time  and  does  not  appl.v  to  agricultural  laborers.  It  is  unlawful  for 
emploj'ers  to  work. their  emploj-es  longer  than  eight  hours  per  day  in  mines  and  smelters.  Eight 
hours  are  a  day's  labor  on  highways. 

i>Iontana.— Eight  hours  cons"titute  a  legal,  day's  work  for  persons  engaged  to  operate  or  handle 
hoisting  engines  at  mines.  The  law  applies  oulj-  to  such  plants  as  are  in  operation  sixteen  or  more 
hours  per  day,  or  at  or  in  mines  where  the  engine  develops  fifteen  or  more  horse-power,  or  where 
fifteen  or  more  men  are  employed  underground  in  the  twenty-four  hours.  A  day's  labor  on  public 
works  and  in  smelters  and  underground  mines  is  limited  to  eight  hours  per  day. 

Nebraska.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  work  on  public  roads  and  on  all  public  works  in  cities 
of  the  first  class. 

Nevada.— For  labor  on  public  highways,  in  underground  mines  and  in  smelters,  and  on  all  works 
and  undertakings  carried  on  or  aided  by  the  State,  county,  or  municipal  governments,  the  hours  of 
labor  are  fixed  at  eight  per  day. 

New  I>Iexico.— Eighthours  constitute  a  day's  labor  on  public  roads  and  highways. 

New  York.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  work  on  highways,  and  on  woi-k  done  by  or  for  the 
State,  or  a  municipal  corporatimi,  whether  directly  by  contractors  or  sub-contractors;  also  for  all 
classes  of  employes,  except  in  farm  or  domestic  labor,  though  overwork  for  extra  pay  is  permitted  in 
private  employments. 

Ohio.— Eight  hours  shall  constitute  a  day's  work  in  all  engagements  to  labor  in  any  mechanical, 
manufacturing,  or  mining  business,  unless  otherwise  expressly  stipulated  in  the  contract. 

Oltlahoma.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  labor  on  public  roads, 

Oreson.  —Eight  hours  constitute  a  day '  s  labor  on  public  roads. 


178  General  Labor   Organizations. 

LABOR  LEGISLATION— Co?ti;«?,ited. 

Pennsylvania.— Eight  hours  of  labor  shall  be  deemed  and  held  to  be  a  legal  day' s  work  in  all 
cases  of  labor  and  service  by  the  day  where  there  is  no  agreement  or  contract  to  the  contrary.  Tins 
does  not  apply  to  farm  or  agricultural  labor  or  to  service  by  the  year,  month,  or  week.  Eight 
hours  constitute  a  day's  labor  for  all  mechanics,  workmen,  and  laborers  in  the  emplo.y  of  the  State, 
or  of  any  municipal  corporation  therein,  or  otherwise  engaged  on  public  works.  This  act  shall  be 
deemed  to  apply  to  employes  of  contractors. 

Porto  Rico.— No  laborer  raay  be  compelled  to  work  more  than  eight  hours  per  day  on  public 
works. 

8outh  Dakota.  —For  labor  on  public  highways  a  daj^'s  work  is  fi.xed  at  eight  hours. 

Tennessee.— Eight  hours  shall  be  a  day's  work  on  the  highways. 

Texas.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  work  on  the  highways. 

Utah.— Eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  labor  on  all  works  carried  on  or  aided  by  the  State,  county,  * 
or  municipal  governments,  aud  in  all  underground  mines  or  workings,  and  in  smelters  and  all  other 
establishments  for  the  reduction  of  ores. 

Washingtou.—Eight  hours  in  any  calendar  day  shall  constitute  a  day's  work  on  any  work  done 
for  the  State,  or  for  any  county  or  municipality. 

West  Virginia.— Eight  hours  shall  constitute  a  day's  work  for  all  laborers,  workmen,  and  me- 
chanics who  maj'  be  employed  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  State. 

Wisconsin.— In  all  engagements  to  labor  in  an.v  manufacturing  or  mechanical  business,  where 
there  is  no  express  contract  to  the  contrary,  a  day's  work  shall  consist  of  eight  hours,  but  the  law  does 
not  apply  to  contracts  for  labor  by  the  week,  mouth,  or  year.  Eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  labor 
on  the  public  highwaj's. 

Wyoming.— Eight  hours' actual  work  constitute  a  legal  day's  labor  in  all  mines  and  on  all  State 
and  municipal  works. 

United  States.— A  day's  work  for  all  laborers,  workmen  and  mechanics  who  may  be  employed 
by  the  United  States,  or  by  any  contractor  or  sub-contractor  upon  any  of  the  public  works  of  the 
United  States,  is  limited  to  eight  hours. 

The  World  Almaxac  is  indebted  to  Commissioner  Charles  P.  Neill  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Labor 
for  this  Summary  of  Labor  Legislation  revised  to  date. 


^nural  2Lai3or  <!^rn[anifations. 

AMERICAN    FEDERATION    OF    LABOR. 

President,  Samuel Gompers,  423  G  Street,  N.W. ,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  Secretary,  Frank  Morri- 
son, same  address;  Treasurer,  .John  B.  Lennon,  Bloomington,  111.  ;  First  Vice-President,  James  Dun- 
can, Hancock  Building,  Quincy,  Mass.  ;  Second  Vice-President,  John  Mitchell.  1111  State  Life 
Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. ;  Third  Vice-President,  James  O'Connell,  402  McGill  Building, 
Washington,  D.  C.  ;  Fourth  Vice-President,  Max  Morris.  P.  O.  Box  1581,  Denver,  Col.  ;  Fifth  Vice- 
President,  D.  A.  Hayes,930  Witherspoon  Building,  Philadelphia.  Pa.  ;  Sixth  Vice-President,  Daniel 
J.  Keefe,  407  Elks  Temple  Building,  Detroit,  Mich.  ;  Seventh  Vice-President,  William  D.  Huber, 
State  Life  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind.  ;  Eighth  Vice-President,  Joseph  F.  Valentine,  Commercial 
Tribune  Building,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

The  Federation  iscoinposed  of  117  national  and  international  unions,  representing  approximately 
27,000  local  unions,  37  State  branches,  570  city  central  unions,  and  669  local  unions.  The  approxi- 
mate membership  is  2,000.000.  The  affiliated  unions  publish  about  245  weeklj'  or  monthly  papers, 
devoted  to  the  cause  of  labor.  The  ofBcial  organ  is  the  American  FedercUioniat,  edited  by  Samuel 
Gompers.  There  are  926  organizers  of  local  unions  acting  under  the  orders  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor.  The  objects  and  ainisoftlie  American  Federation  of  Labor  are  otiicially 
stated  to  render  employment  and  means  of  subsistence  less  precarious  by  securing  to  the  workers  an 
equitable  share  of  the  fruits  of  their  labor. 

INTERNATIONAL  UNIONS    COMPRISING    THE    AMERICAN  FEDERATION   OP   LABOR. 

Actors'  National  Protective  Union  of  America.    Lew  Morton.  8  Union  Square, New  York,  N.  Y. 

Asbestos  Workers  of  America^  National  Association  of  Heat,  Frost,  aud  General  Insulators.  P.  G.  Jes- 
sen.  South  Garrison  Avenue.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Bakery  and  Confectionerj'  Workers'  International  Union  of  America.  F.  H.  Harzbecker,  Metropol- 
itan Block,  Room  45.  161-163  Randolph  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

Barbers'  International  Union,  Journeymen.    Jacob  Fischer.  Box  517,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Bill  Posters  and  Billers  of  America,  National  Alliance.     W.J.   Murray,  Box  74.  Tappan,  N.  Y, 

Blacksmittts,  International  Brotherhood  of.  George  J.  Werner,  Suite  570-585  Monon  Building,  Chicago, 
111. 

Boiler- Makers  and  Iron  Shipbuilders  of  America,  Brotherhood  of.  W.  J.  Gilthorpe,  Room  314, 
Portsmouth  Building,  Kansas  City,  Kan. 

Bookbinders,  International  Brotherhood  of.  James  W.  Dougherty,  Room  210,  132  Nassau  Street, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Boot  and  Shoe  Workers'  Union.    C.  L.  Baine,  246  Summer  Street,  Boston,  Ma'^s. 

Brewery  Workmen,  International  Union  of  United.  Louis  Kemper,  Rooms  109-110  Odd  Fellows' 
Temple,  corner  Seventh  and  Elm  Streets,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Brick,  Tile,  and  Terra  Cotta  Workers'  Alliance,  International.  George  Hodge,  Rooms  509-510,  56 
Fifth  Avenue,  Chicago,  111. 

Bridge  and  Structural  Iron  Workers,  International  Association  of.  J.J.  McNamai-a,  422-424  Ameri- 
can Central  Life  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Broom  and  Whisk  Makers'  Union,  International.  Oliver  A.  Brower,  14  Swan  Street,  Amsterdam, 
N.  Y. 

Bnishmakers'  International  Union.     .John  7*1.  McElro.v,  1822  Stiles  Street,  Pliiladelphia,  Pa. 

Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America,  United  brotherhood  of.    F.DulI.v,  P.  O.  Box  187,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Carpenters  and  Joiners.  Amalgamated  Society  of.     Thomas  Atkin.son,  332  East  93d  Street,  N.  Y. 

Carriiige  and  Wagon  Workers,  International.  John  H.  Brinkman,  520  Sixth  Street,  N.  W.,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 


General   Ijahor    Organizations.  179 

GENERAL  LABOR  ORGANIZATIONS— ConimftecZ. 

Carvers'  Association  of  North  America,  International  Wood.    John  S.  Henry,  1220  Third  Avenue. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 
Car  Workers,  International  Association  of.   G.  W.  Gibson,  Rooms  1205-1206  Star  Building,  356  Dear- 
born street,  Chicago,  111. 
Cement  Workers,  American  Brotherhood  of.    Henry  Ullner,  1122  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
Chainmakers'  National  Union  of  the  United  States  of  America.     Curtiu  C.  Miller,  162  Wisconsin 
•     Aveuue,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Cigar-Makers'  International  Union  of  America.     George  W.  Perkins,  Room  820,  Monon  Block,  320 

Dearborn  Street,  Chicago,  111. 
Clerks'  International  Protective  Association,  Retail.     Max  Morris,  Box  1581,  Denver,  CoL 
Cloth  Hat  and  Cap  Makers  of  North  America,  United.     Max  Zuckerman.  62  East  Fourth  St.,  N.  Y. 
Commercial  Telegraphers'   Union  of  America.   The.     Weslej'  Russell,  922-930  Monon    Building, 

Chicago,  111. 
Compressed  Air  Workers,  International  Union.      Matt  Moriarty,  41  Garden  Place,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Coopers'  International  Union  of  North  Ainerica.  J.  A.  Cable,  ]N[eri\vether  Buildin;;,  Kan-<asCit3',  Kan. 
Curtain  Operatives  of  America.  Amalgamated  Lace.      William  Barland,  2829  North  Reese  Street, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Cutting  Die  and  Cutter  Malcers,  International  Union  of.    Joseph  J.Brady,  34  Oakland  Street,  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y. 
Electrical  Workers  of  America,  International  Brotherhood  of.    Peter  W.  Collins,  Pierick  Building, 

Springfield,  111. 
Elevator  Constructors,  International  Union  of.     William  Young,  1906  South  15th  Street,  Philadel- 

jjhia.  Pa. 
Engineers,  International  Union  of  Steam.     R.  A.  McKee,  606  Main  Street,  Peoria,  111 
Engravers,  International  Association  of  Watch  Case.     George  Weidman,  Box  263,  Canton,  Ohio. 
Firemen,  International  Brotherhood  of  Stationary.    C.   L.   Shamp,   Rooms  2-4,   2502  North  18th 

Street,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Fitters  and  Helpers  of  America,  International  Association  of  Steam  and  Hot  Water.  W.  F.  Costello, 

188  Crown  Street.  New  Haven,  Ct. 
Flour  and  Cereal  Mill  Employes,  International  Union  of.     A.  E.  Kellington,  112  Corn  Exchange, 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Foundry  Employes,  International  Brotherhood  of.     Geo.  Bechtold,  1310  Franklin  Avenue,  St. 

Louis,  Mo. 
Freight  Handlers  and  Warehousemen's  International  Union   of  America,  Interior.  J.   J.   Flynn, 

Yondorf  Building,  210  South  Halstead  Street,  Chicago.  111. 
Fur  Workers  of  the  United   States  and  Canada,  International  Association  of.     A.  V.  McCormack, 

P.  O.  Box.  124  Toronto,  Ontario,  Can. 
Garment  Workers  of  America.  United.    B.  A.  Larger,  Rooms  116-117  Bible  House,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Garment  Workers'  Union,   International  Ladies'.    John  Alex.    Dyche.  25-27  Third  Avenue.  N.  Y. 
Glass  Bottle  Blowers'  Association  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.     William  Lauuer,  Rooms  930- 

931  Witherspoon  Building,  Juniper  and  Walnut  Streets,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Glass  Snappers'  National  Protective  Association  of  America.  Window.     L.  L.  Jacklin,  Kane.  Pa. 
Glass  Workers'  International  Association,  Amalgamated.     William  Figolah,  55  Nortii  Ciark  Street, 

Chicago,  HI. 
Glass  Workers  of  America,  Amalgamated  Window.   A.  L.  Faulkner,  Rooms  417-420  Electric  Build- 
ing, Cleveland.  Ohio. 
Glove  Workers'  Union  of  America,  International.   Agnes  Nestor,  Room  506,  Bush  Temple  of  Music, 

Chicago,  111. 
Gold  Beaters'  National  Protective  Union  of  America,  United.    Tho-mas  Delaney,  88  Barrow  Street, 

New  York,  N.  Y. 
Granite  Cutters'  International  Association  of  America,  The.    James  Duncan,  Hancock  Building, 

Quincj',  Mass. 
Grinders'  and  Finishers'  National  Union,  Pocket  Knife  Blade.    F.  A.  Didsbury,  508  Brook  Street, 

Bridgeport,  Ctj 
Grinders'  National  Union,  Table  Knife.    JobnF.  Gleason,  76  Chestnut  Street,  Bristol,  Ct. 
Hatters  of  North  America.  United.     Martin  Lawlor,  Room  15,  11  Waverley  Place.  New  York,  N.  Y, 
Hod  Carriers  and  Building  Laborers'   Union  of  America,  International.     H.  A.  Stemburgh,  Room 

81-82  Wieting  Block.  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
Horse-Shoers  of  United  States  and  Canada,  International  Union  of  Journeymen.    Roady  Kenehan, 

1548  Wazee  Street,  Denver,  Col. 
Hotel  and  Restaurant  Employes'  International  Alliance  and  Bartenders' International  League  of 

America.    Jere.  L.  Sullivan.  Commercial  Tribune  Building,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Iron.  Steel,  and  Tin  Workers.  Amalgamated  Association  of.  John  Williams,  House  Building, Smith- 
field  and  Water  Streets,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Jewelry  Workers'  Union  of  America.  International.     William  F.  Schade,  Box  141.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Lathers,  International  Union  of  Wood,  Wire,  and  Metal.     Ralph  V.  Brandt,  401  Superior  Building, 

345  Superior  Street,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Laundry  Workers'  International  Union,  Shirt,  Waist  and.     John  J.  Manning,  602  Second  Avenue, 

Trov,  N.  Y. 
Leather  Workers  on  Horse  Goods,  United  Brotherhood  of.    J.  J.  Pfeiffer,  209-210  Postal  Building, 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Leather  Workers'  Union  of  America.  Amalgamated.     .John  Roach,  Box  414,  Newark.  N.  J. 
Lithographers,  International  Protective  and  Beneficial  Association  of  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

James  .1.  McCaifertv.  Germania  Bank  Biiildinsr.  Spring  Street  and  Bowery.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Lobster  Fishermen's  International  Protective  Association.    J.  B.  Webster,  Vinal  Haven.  Me. 
Longshoremen's  Association,  International.    Henry  C.  Barter.  407-408  Elks  Temple,  Detroit.  Mich. 
Machine  Printers  and  Color  Mixers  of  the  United  States.   National  Association  of.    Charles  Mc- 

Crorev,  352  Fortv-first  Street,  Brooklvn.  N.  Y. 
Machinists,  International  Association   cf.   George  Preston,  908-914  G  Street,   N.  W.,McGill  Build- 
ing. Washinerton,  D.  C. 
Maintenance  of  Way  Employes,  International  Brotherhood  of.    C.  Boyle,  609-625  Benoist  Building, 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Marble  Workers,  International  Association  of.    Stephen  C.  Hogan,  632  Eagle  Avenue,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 


180  General  Labor    Organizations. 

GENERAL  LABOR  ORGAN  tZ  AT  IONS— Co'i^iHucd. 

Meat  Cutters  and  liLitchers'  Workmeu  of  North  America,  Amalgamated.    Homer  D.  Call,  Lock 

Box  31/,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
Metal  Polishers,  BuHVrs.  Platers,  and  Brass  Workprs'  Interuational  Uuion  of  North  America.  Charles 

K.  Atherton,  Neave  Building,  (.'iiicinuati,  Ohio. 
Metal  Workers'  ruternatioual  Alliance,  Amalgamated  Sheet.    John  E.  Braj',  313  Nelson  Building, 

Kansas  City,  Mo.  v^ 

Mine  Workers  of  America,  United.    Win.  B.  Wilson.  1106  State  Life  Bnilding:,  Indianapolis,  lud. 
jNIoulders'  Union  of  North  America,  Iron.     K.  J.  Denney,  5:>0  Walnut  Street,  Cincirmati,  Ohio. 
Musicians.   American  Federation  of.     Owen  Miller,  3.>;35  I'ine  street,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
Painters,  Decorators,  and   Paperhaugers  of  America,  Brotherhood  of.    J.    C  Skemp,  Drawer  199, 
Lafayette,  lud. 

Paper- Makers  of  America,  United  Brotherhood  of.     Thomas  Mellor,  22  Smith  Building,  Watertowu, 

N.  Y. 
Pattern-Makers'  League  of  North  America.    James  Wilson,  Neave  Building,  Cincinnati,  O. 
Pavers  and  Hammermen,  International  Union  of.    John  E.  Pritchard.  25  Third  Avenue.  N.  Y. 
Paving  Cutters'   Uniou  of  the  United  States  of  America  and  Canada.    John  Sheret,  Lock  Box  116, 

Albion    N.  Y. 
Photo- Engravers'  Union  of  North  America,  International.      H.  E.  Gudbrandsen,  2830  Fourteenth 

Avenue,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Piano  and  Organ  Workers'  Union  of  America,  International.     Charles  Dold,  40  Seminary  Avenue, 

Chicago,  111. 
Plate  Printers'  Union  of  North  America,  International  Steel  and  Copper.     T.   L.    Mahan,  319  S 

Street,  N.   E.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Plumbers,  Gas  Fitters.   Steam  Fitters,  and  Steam  Fitters'  Helpers,  of  United  States  and  Canada, 

United  Association  of.    L.  W.  Tilden,  401-406  Bush  Temple'of  Music,  Chicago,  111. 
Post-Office  Clerks,  National  Federation  of.   George  F.  Pfeiffer,  377  Albion  Street,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Potters.  National  Brotherhood  of  Operative.    Edward  Menge,  Box  181,  East  Liverpool.  Ohio. 
Powder  and  High  Explosive  Workers  of  America,  United.    James  G.  McCrindle,  Gracedale.  Pa, 
Print  Cutters'  Association  of  America,  National.    Thos.  I.  G.  Eastwood,  434  West  164th  Street, 

New  York,  N.  Y. 
Printing  Pressmen's  Union,  International.  Patrick  McMullen,  Room  C,  Hurlbut  Block,  Cincin- 
nati, O. 
Quarry  workers' International  Union  of  North  America.     P.  F.   McCarthy,    Scampini  Building, 

Barre,  Vt. 
Kail  road  Telegraphers,  Order  of.    L.  "W.  Quick,  Star  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Railway  Employes  of  America,  Amalgamated  Association  of  Street  and  Electric.     W.  D.  Mahou,  45 

Hodges  Block^  Detroit,  Mich. 
Hoofers,  Composition,  Damp  and  Waterproof  "Workers  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.    Interna- 
tional Brotherhood  of.     Henry  Sands.  236  Washington  Street,  Newarli,  N.  J. 
Sawsmiths'  Nacioual  Union.     CharlesG.  Wertz,  351  South  Illinois  Street,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Seamen's  Uuioii,  International,  of  America.     William  H.  Frazier,  IJ^a  Lewis  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 
Shingle    Weavers'    Union  of   America,   International.    J.    E.    Campbell,  Everett,  Wash. 
Shipwrights,  Joiners,  and  Caulkers  of  America,  National  Uuion  of.    Thomas  Dure tt,  \08  Marshall 

Street,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 
Slate  and  Tile  Roofers'  Union  of  America,  International.     Wm.  W.  Clark,  1303  St.  Louis  Avenue, 

East  St.  Louis,  111. 
Slate  Workers,  International  Union  of.     Thomas  H.  Palmer,  Pen  Argyle,  Pa. 
Spinners'  Association,  Cotton  Mule.    Samuel  Ross,  Box  367,  New  Bedford,  IMass. 
Spinners'  International  Union.     Samuel  Ross,  Box  367,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 
Stage  Employes'  International  Alliance, Theatrical.    Lee  M.  Hart,  State  Hotel,  State  and  Harrison 

Streets.  Chicago.  111.  . 

Steel  Plate  Transferrers'  Association  of  America.  The.     Frapk  D.  Tichenor,  530  Kosciusko  Street, 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Stereotypers  and  Electrotypers'   Union  of  North  America,  International.      George  W.  Williams, 

665  Massachusetts  Avenue,  Boston,  Mass. 
Stonecutters'  Association  of  North  America,  Journeymen.    James  F.  McHugh,  520  Sixth  Street, 

Northwest,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Stove  Mounters'  International  Union.    J.  H.  Kaefer.  166  Concord  Avenue,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Switchmen's  Union  of  North  America.     M.  R.  Welch,  326  Mooney  Building,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Tailors'  Union  of  America.  Journevmen.     Jolin  B.  Leunon,  Box  597,  Bioomington,  111. 
Teamsters,  International  Brotherhood  of.    Thomas  L.  Hughes,  Room  51,  147  Market  Street,  Indian- 
apolis, Ind. 
Textile  Workers  of  America,  United,     Albert  Hibbert,  Box  742,  Fall  River,  Mass. 
Tile  Layers  and  Helpers'  Union,  International  Ceramic,  Mosaic,  and  Encaustic.  James  P.  Reynolds, 

lOSCorry  Street,  Allegheny,  Pa. 
Tin  Plate  Workers'  Protective  Association  of  America,  International.    Charles  E.  Lawyer,  Room? 

20-21,  Reilly  Block,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 
Tip  Printers,  International  Brotherhood  of .    T.  J.  Carolan,  70  Bruce  Street,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Tobacco  Workers'    International  Union.    E.  Lewis    Evans,   Room  56,   American   National  Bank 

Building,  Third  and  Main  .Streets,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Travellers'  Goods  and  Leather  Noveltv  Workers'  International  Union  of  America.    Chas.   J.  Gille, 

1533  North  Eighteenth  Street.  St.  Louis,  INIo. 
Typographical  Union,  International,     J.  W.  Bramwood, Rooms  640-650,  Newton  Claypool  Building, 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Upholsterers'  International   Uniou  of  North  America.      Anton  J.  Engel,  28  Greenwood  Terrace, 

Chicago,  111.  „       ,  ^ 

Weavers'  Amalgamated  Association,  Elastic  Goring.    Alfred  Haughton,  50  Cherry  Street,  Brockton, 

Mass.  ^ 

Weavers'  Protective  Association,  Americau  Wire  E.  K    Desmond,  138  Skillman  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 

N.  Y. 
Woodmen  and  Saw  Mill  Workers.  International  Brotherhood  of.     Ernest  G .  Pape,  1609  Fifth  Street, 

Eureka,  Cal.  ^,/»  t> 

Wooil  Workers'  Iniernational  Union  of  America,  Amalgamated.     John  Q.  Meiler,  40<-410  Bush 

Temple  of  Music,  Chicago,  111. 


Registration,  of  Trade-Murks.  181 

NATIONAL    UNIONS 

NOT  AFFILIATED  WITH  THK  AMP^RICAN  FEDERATION  OF  LABOR. 

American  Flint  Glass  Workers  Union.     W.  P.  Clark,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

Bricklayers  and  Masons'  Union.    William  Dobsoii,  301  Unity  Buildinc,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Brotherhood  of  Operative  Plasterers.     2909  Wylie  A  venne,  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Engineers.     Warren  S.  Stone,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen.     W.  8.  Carter,  Peoria,  111. 

Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Switchmen.     M.  R.  Welch,  326  Mooney  Building,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen.    A   E.  King,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Brotherhood  of  Railway  Clerks.    R.  E.  Fisher,  Kansas  City  Life  Building,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

National  Association  of  Letter  Carriers.     E.  J.  Caiitwell,  Hutchins  Building,  Washington,!).  C 

National  Association  of  Steam  Fitters.     W.  F.  Costello,  33  Olive  Street,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Railroad  Conductors'  Order.     W.  .1.  Maxwell,  Cedar  Rapids.  la. 

Stone  Masons'  International  Union.     John  Reichwein,  536  Concord  Street,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Western  Federation  of  Miners.    James  Kirwan,  3  Pioneer  Building,  Denver,  Col. 

KNIGHTS  OF  LABOR, 

General  Master  Workman,  Simon  Burns,  518Fourtli  Avenue,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  ;  General  Worthy 
Foreman,  Henry  A.   Hicks,   Williams  and  Terrace  Avenues,  Hasbrouck  Heights,  N.  J.;    General 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Thomas  H.  Canning,  Bliss  Building.  Washington,  D.    C. ;  General  Executive 
Board,  Simon  Burns,  Pittsbnrgii.   Pa.  ;  Henr.y  A.  Hicks,  Hasbrouck  Hei§:hts,  N.  J.  ;  John  Fernau, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.  ;  J.  Frank  O'Meara,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  Joseph  11.  Morrison,  Watervliet,  N.  Y. 


2Xtfiti3tration  of  Kxvi^t^^^t^% 

IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

The  following  are  e.x;tracts  from  the  new  "Act  to  authorize  the  registration  of  trade- marks  used 
incommerce  with  foreign  nations,  or  among  the  several  States  or  Indian  tribes,  and  to  protect  the 
same,"  passed  by  the  Filty-eighth  Congress,  and  approved  by  the  President,  February  20,  1905, 
and  amended  by  Act  passed  by  the  Fifty-ninth  Cougrtess,  approved  March  2,  1907. 

' '  The  ownerof  a  trade- mark  used  in  cominerce  with  foreign  nations,  or  among  the  several  States, 
or  with  Indian  tribes,  provided  such  orner  shall  be  domiciled  within  the  territory  of  tl)e  United 
States,  or  resides  in  or  is  located  in  any  tjreign  country  which,  by  treaty,  convention,  or  law,  affords 
similar  privileges  to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States,  may  obtain  registration  for  such  traue-mark 
by  complying  with  the  following  requirements:  First,  by  filing  in  the  Patent  Office  an  application 
therefor,  in  writing,  addressed  to  the  Commissioner  of  Patents,  signed  by  tlie  applicant,  specifying 
his  name,  domicile,  location,  and  citizenship;  the  class  of  merchandise  and  the  particular  description 
of  goods  comprised  in  such  class  to  which  the  trade-mark  is  appropriated;  a  description  of  the  trade- 
mark itself,  and  a  statement  of  the  mode  in  which  the  same  is  applied  and  affixed  to  goods,  and  the 
length  of  time  during  which  the  trade-mark  has  been  used.  With  this  statement  shall  be  filed  a 
drawing  of  the  trade-mark,  signed  by  the  applicant,  or  his  attorney,  and  such  number  of  specimeus 
of  the  trade-mark,  as  actually  used,  as  may  be  required  by  the  Coinmissioner  of  Patents.  Second,  by 
paying  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  the  sum  of  ten  dollars,  and  otherwise  complying  with 
the  requirements  of  this  Act  and  such  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Commissioner  of 
Patents. 

'*  A  certificate  of  registration  shall  remain  in  force  for  twenty  years,  except  that  in  the  case  of 
trade-marks  previously  registered  in  a  foreign  country  such  certificates  shall  cease  to  be  in  force  on- 
the  day  on  which  the  trade-mark  ceases  to  be  protected  in  such  foreign  country,  and  shall  in  no  case 
remain  in  force  more  than  twenty  years,  unless  renewed.  Certificates  of  registration  may  be,  from 
time  to  time,  renewed  for  like  periods  on  payment  of  the  renewal  fees  required  by  this  "Act,  upon 
request  by  the  registrant,  his  legal  representatives,  or  transferees  of  record  in  the  Patent  Office,  and 
such  request  may  be  made  at  any  time  not  more  than  six  months  prior  to  the  expiration  of  the  period 
for  which  the  certificates  of  registration  were  issued  or  renewed.  Certificates  of  registration  in  force 
at  tlie  date  at  which  this  Act  takes  effect  shall  remain  in  force  for  the  period  for  which  thej' were 
issued,  but  shall  be  renewable  on  the  same  conditions  and  for  the  same  periods  as  certificates  issued 
under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  and  when  so  renewed  shall  have  the  same  force  and  effect  as  certifi- 
cates issued  under  this  Act. 

' '  The  registration  of  a  trade- mark  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence 
of  ownership  who  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  owner  thereof,  reproduce,  counterfeit,  copy,  or 
colorably  imitate  any  such  trade- mark  and  affix  the  same  to  merchandise  of  substantially  the  same 
descriptive  properties  as  those  set  forth  in  the  registration,  or  to  labels,  signs,  prints,  packages, 
wrappers,  or  receptacles  intended  to  be  used  upon  or  in  connection  vvith  the  sale  of  merchandise  of 
substantially  the  same  descriptive  properties  as  those  set  forth  in  such  registration,  and  shall  use, 
or  shall  have  used,  such  reproduction,  counterfeit,  copy,  or  colorable  imitation  in  commerce  among 
the  several  States,  or  with  a  foreign  nation,  or  with  tlie  Indian  tribes,  sliall  be  liable  to  an  action  for 
damages  thei-efor  at  the  suit  of  the  owner  thereof  ;  and  whenever  in  any  such  action  a  verdict  is 
rendered  for  the  plaintiff,  the  court  may  enter  judgment  therein  for  any  sum  above  the  amount 
found  by  the  verdict  as  the  actual  damages,  according  to  the  circumstances  of  the  case,  not  exceeding 
three  times  the  amount  of  such  verdict,  together  with  tUe  costs." 

No  trade-mark  shall  be  granted  which  ' '  consists  of  or  coinprises  the  f^ag  or  coat  of  arms  or  other 
insignia  of  the  United  States  or  any  simulation  thereof,  orof  any  State  or  municipality,  or  of  any  foreign 
nation,  nor  which  is  identical  with  or  nearlj' resembling  a  trade-mark  already  registered.  "  "No 
portrait  of  a  living  individual  may  be  registered  as  a  trade-mark  except  by  the  consent  of  such 
individual,  evidenced  by  an  instrument  in  writing." 

TRADE-MARK  TREATIES  WITH  FOREIGN  NATIONS. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  Governments  with  which  conventions  for  the  reciprocal  registration 
and  protection  of  trade-marks  have  been  entered  into  by  the  United  States  :  .\ustria- Hungary, 
Belgium,  Denmark,  France,  Germany,  Great  Britain  (including  colonies),  Italy,  Japan,  Luxemburg, 
Russia,  ^Servia,  Spain.  The  laws  of  Switzerland  and  the  Netherlands  being  so  framed  as  to  afiford 
reciprocal  privileges  to  the  citizens  or  subjects  of  any  GoviMnmont  which  affords  similar  privileges 
to  the  people  of  those  countries,  the  mere  exchange  of  diplomatic  notes,  giving  notice  of  the  fact, 
accomplishes  all  the  purposes  of  a  formal  convention. 


182  Acts  of  the  Flfty^ninth   Congress. 

^cts  Of  tfje  jFtft|)=ninti)   (tisM^\:tnn. 

SECOND    SESSION. 

The  principal  bills  of  a  public  nature  which  became  laws  during  the  second  session  of  the  Fifty- 
ninth  Congress,  beginning  Decembers,  1906,  and  ending  March  4,  1907  (the  list  of  principal  laws 
of  the  first  session  having  been  printed  in  The  World  Almanac  for  1907,  page  176),  were: 

Chapter  154.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  the  citizens  of  the  Island  of  Jamaica.  This  act  ordered  the 
distribution  of  clothing,  provisions,  medicines  and  other  naval  stores  among  the  suflerers  by  the 
earthquake.     [January  18,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  397.  An  act  to  reorganize  and  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  artillery  of  the  United 
States  Army.  The  act  reorganized  and  enlai-gedthe  artillery,  the  field  batteries  were  combined  in 
six  regiments,  and  the  coast  batteries  in  a  corps.    [January  25,  1907.] 

Chapter  420.  An  act  to  prohibit  corporations  from  making  money  contributions  in  connection 
witli  political  elections.     [January  26,  1907.] 

Cliapter  432.  An  act  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  to  investigate  and  report 
upon  the  industrial,  social,  moral,  educational  and  physical  condition  of  women  and  child  workers  in 
the  United  States.     [January  29,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  436.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  International  Sunday  School  Associations  of  America. 
[January  31,  1907.] 

Chapter  468.  An  act  granting  pensions  to  certain  enlisted  men,  soldiers  and  ofllcers  who  served  in 
the  civil  war  and  war  with  Me.xico.  A  general  service  pension  granted  to  all  persons  in  the  military 
or  naval  service  of  the  United  States  in  these  wars  who  are  sixty-two  years  old  and  over.  [February 
6,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  1134.  An  act  to  regulate  the  immigration  of  aliens  into  the  United  States.  A  summary 
of  this  act  wiU  be  found  on  page  184.    [February  20,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  1189.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  appointment  of  an  additional  district  judge  in  and  for 
the  Southern  District  of  the  State  of  Ohio.     (.February  25,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  1198.  An  act  providing  for  a  United  States  Judge  for  the  Northern  judicial  district  of 
Alabama.     [February  25,  1907- 1 

Chapter  2073.  An  aci  to  divide  the  judicial  district  of  Nebraska  into  divisions,  and  to  provide  for 
an  additional  judge  in  said  district.     [February  27,  1907.  J 

Chapter  2279.  An  act  authorizing  the  construction  of  four  steam  vessels  for  the  Revenue  Cutter 
service  of  the  United  States.    [March  1,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  2284.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  providing  for  the  public  printing  and  binding  and  distri- 
bution of  public  documents.  In  this  act  the  new  simplified  spelling  in  public  documents  was  stopped. 
[March  1,  1907-  J 

Chapter  2534.  An  act  in  reference  to  the  expatriation  of  citizens  and  their  protection  abroad. 
This  act  will  be  found  on  following  page.    [March  2,  1907.  j 

Chapter  2558.  An  act  to  establish  the  Foundation  for  the  Promotion  of  Industrial  Peace.  This 
act  will  be  found  on  another  page.     [March  2,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  2561.  An  act  making  certain  changes  in  the  Postal  laws.  Permitting  ordinary  stamps 
to  be  used  for  special  delivery  matter  when  the  words  "special  delivery"  or  their  equivalent  are 
written  or  printed  on  the  envelope.     [March  2,  1907.] 

Chapter  2564.  An  act  for  writs  of  error  in  certain  instances  in  criminal  cases,  giving  the  Govern- 
ment the  right  of  appeal  in  criminal  cases.    [March  2,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  2571.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  ;  '  'An  act  for  the  withdrawal  from  bond,  tax  free, 
of  domestic  alcohol  when  rendered  unfit  for  beverage  orliquid  medicinal  uses  by  mixture  with  suitable 
denaturing  materials."  approved  June  7,  1906.  This  act  extends  to  farmers  certain  advantages 
in  manufacturing  denatured  alcohol.    [March  2,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  2573.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled.  '  'An  act  to  authorize  the  registration  of  trade- 
marks used  in  commerce  with  foreign  nations  or  among  the  several  States,  etc."    [March  2,  1907.] 

Chapter  2575.  An  act  to  provide  for  an  additional  district  judge  for  the  Northern  district  of  Cal- 
ifornia.    [March  2,  1907-  ] 

Chapter  2909.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  establishment  of  an  agricultural  bank  in  the  Philippine 
Islands.     [March  4,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  2913.  An  act  to  amend  the  National  Banking  Act  and  for  other  purposes.  The  act 
authorized  deposits  of  customs  receipts  in  National  Banks, adding  elasticity  to  currency  and  increasing 
the  supply  of  small  bills.     [March  4,  1907.  ] 

Chapter  2932.  An  act  to  provide  a  suitable  memorial  to  the  memory  of  Christophei  Columbus. 
An  appropriation  of  $100,000  was  made  to  erect  this  memorial  in  the  City  of  Washington.  A  com- 
mission was  appointed  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the  act,  consisting  of  the  Chairmen  of  the  Congress 
Library  Committees,  the  Secretaries  of  State  and  War.  and  the  Supreme  Knight  of  the  Order  of  the 
Knights  of  Columbus.     [March  7,  1907.  J 

Chapter  2939.  An  act  to  promote  the  safety  of  employes  and  travellers  upon  railroads  by  limit- 
ing the  hoursof  service  to  employes  thereon.  Making  it  unlawful  for  any  common  carrier  to  require 
employes  to  be  continuously  on  duty  over  sixteen  hours.     [March  4,  1907.  ] 

Joint  resolution  authorizing  the  President  to  extend  an  invitatioc  to  the  Twelfth  International 
Congress  of  Hygiene  and  Demography,  to  hold  its  thirteenth  Congress  in  the  City  of  Washington. 
[February  26,  1907.  ] 

In  Chapter  892  relating  to  the  Steamboat  Inspection  service,  useless  and  unnecessary  whistling 
by  steamboats  is  prohibited. 

In  Chapter  916,  making  appropriations  for  the  diplomatic  and  consular  service,  the  salaries  of  all 
ministers  abroad,  formerly  $7,500,  are  raised  to  $10,000  per  annum. 

In  Chapter  1635,  making  appropriations  for  legislature,  executive  and  Judicial  expenses,  the 
salariesof  the  Vice-President,  Cabinet  Officers  and  Speaker'of  the  House  of  Representatives  are  in- 
creased from  $8,000  to  $12,000  per  annum  and  thoae  of  Senators  and  R«j^rc)i«9.titatlTe9  lu  Congresv 
ttovoL  $6,000  to  $7,500  per  Anattm* 


The    Citizens'   Expatriation  Act,  1^3 

In  Chapter  2511,  making  appropriations  for  the  army,  the  rank  of  Lieiitenant-Oeneral  is  abolished 
after  the  next  vacancy  in  said  rank  shall  occur,  and  the  rank  of  Adjutant-General  of  the  army  is 
restored  and  substituted  for  that  of  Military  Secretary. 

In  Clianter  2907  making  appronriatious  for  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  the  meat  inspection 
law  of  1906,  is  realftrmed. 

Two  new  20, 000- ton  battleships  and  additional  destroyers  and  sub-marines  were  authorized,  and 
the  rank  of  Major- General  was  bestowed  on  the  Commandant  of  the  Marine  Corps. 

Treaties  with  San  Domingo  and  Morocco  were  ratified. 

BOTH  SESSIONS. 

During  the  two  sessions  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Congiess  the  President  vetoed  thirteen  acts ;  four  chang- 
ing jurisdiction  of  courts,  three  Indian  bills,  two  privatelpension  bills  on  account  of  death  of  bene- 
ficiaries, a  third  because  beneficiary  was  merely  a  camp  follower  not  entitled  to  the  benefits;  another 
which  was  to  pay  pension  which  was  clearly  excessive;  one  to  give  to  a  claimant  an  island  in  the 
Mississippi  on  which  there  is  a  lighthouse  necessary  for  navigation,  and  a  biU  allowing  dangerous  ex- 
plosives on  passenger  vessels. 

Five  hundred  and  twenty-two  public  laws  were  enacted  altogether,  of  which  one  hundred  and 
nine  authorized  bridges  and  dams  across  navigable  rivers,  and  eighty-three  were  for  the  government 
of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

There  were  6,627  invalid  pension  acts,  1,062  private  pension  acts. 

Bills  introduced:  House,  25,910;  Senate,  8,655.  Number  of  pages  of  Congressional  Record, more 
than  17,000;  a  new  record. 

MATTERS  LEFT  OVER  TO  THE  SIXTIETH  CONGRESS. 

Tariff  readjustment.  Isle  of  Pines  treaty,  ship  subsidies,  publicity  of  campaign  affairs,  citizenship 
for  Porto  Ricans,  Reduction  of  tariff  on  products  of  Philippines,  United  iStates  Ownership  of  its 
embassies  and  legations,  government  powder  factory,  waterways  improvements  costing  $400,000,000 
recommended  by  army  engineers,  copyright  revision,  restriction  of  interstate  commerce  in  convict- 
made  goods,  regulation  of  punishments  on  high  seas,  codification  of  revised  statutes,  uav.v  personnel, 
removal  of  customs  duties  on  works  of  art,  incorporation  of  the  Indian  wards  of  the  nation,  swamp 
reclamation  similar  to  irrigation  statute,  coal  and  mineral  lands  to  be  reserved  and  leased,  cable  to 
Guantanamo  and  Canal  Zone,  punishment  for  improper  use  of  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  regulation  of  tiie 
interstate  traffic  in  intoxicants,  child  labor  pi'oducts,  prohibition  from  interstate  commerce,  anti- 
injunction  statute,  modification  of  Chinese  Exclusion  law.  army  and  navy  dental  surgeons'  corps,  re- 
tirement of  superannuated  Federal  clerks,  postal  savings  banlis,  domestic  parcels  post,  restoration 
of  army  canteen. 

W%t  (t\\\\t\\%'  iSxpatriation  ^ct 

The  following  is  chapter  2534,  entitled  an  act  in  reference  to  the  expatriation  of  citizens  and  their 
protection  abroad  enacted  by  the  Fifty-ninth  Congress,  second  session,  and  approved  March  2,1907: 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  ol  America  in 
Congress  assembled,  That  the  Secretary  of  State  shall  be  authorized,  in  his  discretion,  to  issue  pass- 
ports to  persons  not  citizens  of  the  United  States,  as  follows:  Where  any  person  has  made  a  declara- 
tion of  intention  to  become  such  a  citizen  as  provided  by  law  and  has  resided  in  the  United  States  for 
three  years  a  passport  may  be  issued  to  him  entitling  him  to  the  protection  of  the  Government  in  any 
foreign  country:  Provided,  That  such  passport  shall  not  be  valid  for  more  than  six  months  and  shall 
not  be  renewed,  and  that  such  passport  shall  not  entitle  the  holder  to  the  protection  of  this  Govern- 
ment in  the  country  of  which  he  was  a  citizen  prior  to  making  such  declanxtion  of  iniention. 

Section  2.  That  any  American  citizen  shall  be  deemed  to  have  expatriated  himself  when  he  has 
been  naturalized  in  a nj' foreign  State  in  conformity  with  its  laws,  or  when  he  has  taken  an  oath  of 
allegiance  to  any  foreign  state. 

When  any  naturalized  citizen  shall  have  resided  for  two  years  in  the  foreign  State  from  which  he 
came,  or  for  five  yeare  in  any  other  foreign  State  it  shall  be  presumed  that  he  has  ceased  to  bean 
American  citizen,  and  the  place  of  his  general  abode  shall  be  deemed  his  place  of  residence  during 
said  vears;  Provided,  however.  That  such  presumption  may  be  overcome  on  the  presentation  of 
satisfactory  evidence  to  a  diplomatic  or  consular  officer  of  the  United  States,  under  such  rules  and 
regulations  as  the  Department  of  State  may  prescribe:  And  provided  also,  That  no  American  citizen 
shall  be  allowed  to  expatriate  himself  when  this  country  is  at  war. 

Section  3.  That  any  American  woman  that  marries  a  foreigner  shall  take  the  nationality  of  her 
husband.  At  the  termination  of  the  marital  relation  she  may  resume  her  American  citizenship,  if 
abroad,  by  registering  as  an  American  citizen  within  one  year  with  a  consul  of  the  United  States,  or 
by  returninij  to  reside  in  the  United  States,  or,  if  residing  in  the  United  States  at  the  termination  of 
the  marital  relation,  by  continuing  to  reside  therein. 

Section  4.  That  any  foreign  woman  who  acquires  American  citizenship  by  marriage  to  an 
American  shall  be  assumed  to  retain  the  same  after  the  termination  of  the  marital  relation  if  she 
continue  to  reside  in  the  United  States,  unless  she  makes  formal  renunciation  thereof  before  a 
court  having  jurisdiction  to  naturalize  aliens,  or  if  she  resides  abroad  she  may  retain  her  citizenship 
by  registering  as  such  before  a  United  States  Consul  within  one  year  after  the  termination  of  such 
marital  relation. 

Section  5.  That  a  child  born  without  the  United  States  of  alien  parents  shall  be  deemed  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  by  virtue  of  the  naturalization  of  or  resumption  of  American  citizenship  by  the 
par»nt:  Provided.  That  such  naturalization  or  resumption  takes  place  during  the  minority  nf  such 
child;  And  provided  further.  That  the  citizenship  of  such  minor  child  shall  begin  at  the  time  such 
minor  child  begins  to  reside  permanently  in  the  United  States. 

Section  6.  That  all  children  born  outside  the  limitsof  the  United  States  who  are  citizens  thereof 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  nineteen  hundred  and  ninety-three  of  the  Revised  Stat- 
utes of  the  United  States  and  who  continue  to  reside  outside  the  United  States  shall,  in  order  to  receive 
the  protection  of  this  Government,  be  required  upon  reaoiiing  the  a.ge  of  eighteen  years  to  record  at 
an  American  consulate  their  intention  to  become  residents  and  remain  citizens  of  the  United  States 
and  shall  be  further  required  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  United  States  upon  attaining  their 
majority. 

Section  7.  That  duplicates  of  any  evidence,  registration,  or  other  acts  required  by  this  act  shall 
be  filed  with  the  Department  of  State  for  record. 


184  .  The  New  Immigration  Law. 

^ije  l^^rtu  Inuutcjvation  Hato. 

Chapter  1134  of  the  Act  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Congress,  second  session,  "An  Act  to  regu- 
late the  immigration  of  aliens  into  the  United  States,"  approved  February  20,  1907,  provides 
as  follows: 

There  shall  be  levied,  collected  and  paid  a  tax  of  four  dollars  for  every  alien  entering 
the  United  States.  This  tax  shall  be  paid  to  the  Collector  of  Customs  of  the  port  or  customs 
district  to  which  said  alien  shall  come,  and  be  paid  into  and  constitute  a  permanent  fund, 
to  be  called  the  '"immigration  fund,"  to  be  used  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
Commerce  and  Labor  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  immigration  law.  The  tax  is  a  lien 
upon  the  vessel  bringing  the  aliens.  It  shall  not  be  levied  upon  aliens  who  shall  enter 
the  United  States  after  an  uninterrupted  residence  of  at  least  one  year  immediately  pre- 
ceding such  entrance  in  Canada,  Newfoundland,  Cuba  or  Mexico,  nor  upon  other  admissible 
residents  of  any  possessions  of  the  United  States,  nor  upon  aliens  in  transit  thi'ough  them. 
The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  Guam,  Porto  Rico  or  Hawaii. 

PERSONS    EXCLUDED    FROM    ADMISSION. 

Section  2  of  the  Act  provides  "That  the  following  classes  of  aliens  shall  be  excluded 
from  admission  into  the  United  States:  All  idiots,  imbeciles,  feeble-minded  pei'sons,  epi- 
leptics, insane  persons,  and  persons  who  have  been  insane  within  five  years  previous; 
persons  who  have  had  two  or  more  attacks  of  insanity  at  any  time  previously;  paupers; 
persons  likely  to  become  a  public  charge;  professional  beggars;  persons  afflicted  with 
tuberculosis  or  with  a  loathsome  or  dangerous  contagious  disease;  persons  not  comprehended 
within  any  of  the  foregoing  excluded  classes  who  are  found  to  be  and  are  certified  by  the 
examining  surgeon  as  being  mentally  or  physically  defective,  such  mental  or  physical 
defect  being  of  a  nature  which  may  affect  the  ability  of  such  alien  to  earn  a  living;  persons 
who  have  been  convicted  of  or  admit  having  committed  a  felony  or  other  crime  or  misde- 
nieanor  involving  moral  turpitude;  polygamists,  or  persons  who  admit  their  belief  in  the 
practice  of  polygamy,  anarchists,  or  persons  who  believe  in  or  advocate  the  overthrow  by 
force  or  violence  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  of  all  government,  or  of  all 
forms  of  law,  or  the  assassination  of  public  officials;  prostitutes,  or  women  or  girls  coming 
into  the  United  States  for  the  purpose  of  prostitution  or  for  any  other  immoral  purpose; 
persons  who  procure  or  attempt  to  bring  in  prostitutes  or  women  or  girls  for  the  purpose  of 
prostitution,  or  for  any  other  immoral  purposs;  persons  hereinafter  called  contract  laborers, 
who  have  been  induced  or  solicited  to  migrate  to  this  country  by  offers  or  promises  of 
employment  or  in  consequence  of  agreements,  oral,  written  or  printed,  express  or  implied, 
to  perform  labor  in  this  country  of  any  kind,  skilled  or  unskilled;  those  who  have  been, 
within  one  year  from  the  date  of  application  for  admission  to  the  United  States,  deported 
as  having  been  induced  or  solicited  to  migrate  as  above  described;  any  person  whose  ticket 
or  passage  is  paid  for  with  the  money  of  another,  or  who  is  assisted  by  others  to  come 
unless  it  is  affirmatively  and  satisfactorily  shown  that  such  person  does  not  belong  to  one 
of  the  foregoing  excluded  classes,  and  that  said  ticket  or  passage  was  not  paid  for  by  any 
corporation,  association,  society,  municipality,  or  foreign  government,  either  directly  or 
indirectly;  all  children  under  sixteen  years  of  age,  unaccompanied  by  one  or  both  of  their 
parents,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  or  under  such  regula- 
tions as  he  may  from  time  to  time  prescribe:  Provided,  That  nothing  in  this  Act  shall 
exclude,  if  otherwise  admissible,  persons  convicted  of  an  offence  purely  political,  not 
involving  moral  turpitude:  Provided  further.  That  the  provisions  of  this  section  relating 
to  the  payments  for  tickets  or  passage  by  any  corporation,  association,  society,  municipality, 
or  foreign  government  shall  not  apply  to  the  tickets  or  passage  of  aliens  in  immediate  and 
continuous  transit  through  the  United  States  to  foreign  contiguous  territory:  And  pro- 
vided further.  That  skilled  labor  may  be  imported  if  labor  of  like  kind  unemployed  can  not 
be  found  in  this  country:  And  provided  further.  That  the  provisions  of  this  law  applicable 
to  contract  labor  shall  not  be  held  to  exclude  professional  actors,  artists,  lecturers,  singers, 
ministers  of  any  religious  denomination,  professors  for  colleges  or  seminaries,  persons 
belonging-  to  any  recognized  learned  profession,  or  persons  employed  strictly  as  personal  or 
domestic   servants." 

The  importation  of  any  alien  woman  or  girl  for  immoral  purposes  is  forbidden,  and  any 
alien  woman  or  girl  who  shall  be  found  an  inmate  of  a  house  of  prostitution  at  any  time 
within  three  years  after  she  shall  have  entered  the  United  States  shall  be  deemed  to  be 
unlawfully  therein,   and  shall  be  deported. 

CONTRACT  LABORERS  FORBIDDEN. 

Section  4  provides  that  it  shall  be  a  misdemeanor  for  any  person  or  company  to  prepay 
the  transportation  or  in  any  way  to  assist  or  encourage  the  importation  or  migration  of 
any  contract  laborers  unless  such  persons  be  exempted  from  this  provision  under  Section  2 
of  this  Act.     The  penalty  for  violation  of  this  provision  is  $1,000  for  each  offence. 

Advertising  abroad  for  labor  immigration  is  a  misdemeanor,  but  the  offers  of  States 
and  Territories  for  immigrants  by  advertising  is  permitted.  Soliciting  immigration  by 
vessel-owners  is   forbidden. 

Any  person  who  shall  bring  an  alien  into  the  United  States  not  duly  admitted  by  an 
immigrant  inspector  shall,  on  conviction,  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $1,000,  or  by 
imprisonment,  not  exceeding  two  j-ears,  or  both. 

LISTS    OF    ALIEN    PASSENGERS    REQUIRED. 

Upon  the  arrival  of  any  vessel  bringing  aliens,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  commanding  officer 
to  deliver  to  the  immigration  officials  lists  of  the  alien  passengers  on  board,  in  groups  of 
thirty  names  each,  which  lists  shall  contain  full  information  regarding  said  passengers, 
according  to  prescribed  forms:  Whether  in  possession  of  $50,  and  if  less,  how  much; 
whether  ever  in  prison,  insane  or  supported  by  charity;  whether  deformed  or  crippled; 
whether  an  anarchist,   etc. 

The  surgeon  of  said  vessel  shall  also  sign  said  lists  and  state  that  he  has  made  a  per- 
sonal examination  of  the  aliens  named  therein.     The  penalty  for  neglect  or  violation  of  this 


The  New  Immigration  Tiaw.  185 

provision  by  the  commanding  officer  of  said  vessel  shall  be  $10  for  each  alien  concerning 
whom  the  information  is  not  given, 

OFFICIAL.   INSPECTION    OF   IMMIGRANTS. 

On  the  receipt  of  the  above  mentioned  lists  by  the  immigration  officers  it  shall  be  their 
duty  to  inspect  all  such  aliens,  and  they  may  order  their  temporary  removal  for  examination 
to   a  designated   place,    if   deemed   necessary. 

Section  17  provides  that  "the  physical  and  mental  examination  of  all  arriving  aliens 
shall  be  made  by  medical  officei-s  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital 
Service,  who  shall  have  had  at  least  two  years'  experience  in  the  practice  of  their  profes- 
sion, since  receiving  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  and  who  shall  certify  for  the  infor- 
mation of  the  immigration  officers,  and  the  boards  of  special  inquiry  hereinafter  provided 
for,  any  and  all  physical  and  mental  defects  or  diseases  observed  by  said  medical  officers 
in  any  such  alien,  or,  should  medical  officers  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  or  Marine 
Hospital  Service  be  not  available,  civil  surgeons  of  not  less  than  four  years'  professional 
experience  may  be  emploj'ed  in  such  emergency  for  such  service,  upon  such  terms  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  the  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration  under  the  direction  or  with  the 
approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor.  The  LTnited  States  Public  Health  and 
Marine  Hospital  Service  shall  be  reimbursed  by  the  immigration  service  for  all  expenditures 
incurred  in  carrying  out  the  medical  inspection  of  aliens  under  regulations  of  the  Secretary 
of  Commerce  and  Labor." 

Section  IS.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  owners,  officers,  or  agents  of  any  vessel 
or  transportation  line,  other  than  those  railway  lines  which  may  enter  into  a  contract  as 
provided  in  Section  32  of  this  Act,  bringing  an  alien  to  the  United  States  to  prevent  the 
landing  of  such  alien  in  the  United  States  at  any  time  or  place  other  than  as  designated 
by  the  immigration  officers,  and  the  negligent  failure  of  any  such  owner,  officer,  or  agent 
to  comply  with  the  foregoing  requirements  shall  be  deemed  a  misdemeanor  and  be  pun- 
ished by  a  fine  in  each  case  of  not  less  than  $100  nor  more  than  $1,000.  or  by  imprisonment 
for  a  term  not  exceeding  one  j^ear,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment;  and  every 
such  alien  so  landed  shall  be  deemed  to  be  unlawfully  in  the  United  States,  and  shall  be 
deported  as  provided  in  Sections  20  and  21  of  this  Act. 

Section  19  provides  "That  all  aliens  brought  to  this  country  in  violation  of  law  shall,  if 
practicable,  be  immediately  sent  back  to  the  country  whence  they  respectively  came  on  the 
vessels  bringing  them.  The  cost  of  their  maintenance  while  on  land,  as  well  as  the 
expense  of  the  return  of  such  aliens,  shall  be  borne  by  the  owner  or  owners  of  the  vessels 
on  which  they  respectively  came;  and  if  any  master,  person  in  charge,  agent,  owner,  or 
consignee  of  any  such  vessel  shall  refuse  to  receive  back  on  board  thereof,  or  on  board 
of  anj'  other  vessel  owned  or  operated  by  the  same  interests,  such  aliens,  or  shall  fail  to 
detain  them  thereon,  or  shall  refuse  or  fail  to  return  them  to  the  foreign  port  from  which 
they  came,  or  to  pay  the  cost  of  their  maintenance  while  on  land,  or  shall  make  any 
charge  for  the  return  of  any  such  alien,  or  shall  take  any  security  from  him  for  the  pay- 
ment of  such  charge,  svich  master,  person  in  charge,  agent,  owner,  or  consigned  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  shall,  on  conviction,  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less 
than  $300  for  each  and  every  such  offence;  and  no  vessel  shall  have  clearance  from  any 
port  of  the  L^nited  States  while  any  such  fine  is  unpaid:  Provided,  That  the  Commissioner- 
General  of  Immigration,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  may 
suspend,  upon  conditions  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  the 
deportation  of  any  alien  found  to  have  come  in  violation  of  any  provision  of  this  Act,  if,  in 
his  judgment,  the  testimony  of  such  alien  is  necessary  on  behalf  of  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment in  the  prosecution  of  offenders  against  any  provision  of  this  Act:  Provided,  That 
the  cost  of  maintenance  of  any  person  so  detained  resulting  from  such  suspension  of  deport- 
ation .shall  be  paid  fi-om  the  'immigrant  fund.'  but  no  alien  certified,  as  provided  in  Section 
17  of  this  Act,  to  be  suffering  from  tuberculosis  or  from  £i  loathsome  or  dangerous  con- 
tagious disease  other  than  one  of  quarantinable  nature,  shall  be  permitted  to  land  for 
medical  treatment  thereof  in  any  hospital  in  the  United  States,  unless  with  the  express 
permission  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor:  Provided,  That  upon  the  certificate 
of  a  medical  officer  of  the  LTnited  States  Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital  Service  to  the 
effect  that  the  health  or  safety  ot  an  insane  alien  would  be  unduly  imperilled  by  immediate 
deportation,  such  alien  may.  at  the  expense  of  the  'immigrant  fund,'  be  held  for  treatment 
until  such  time  as  such  alien  may,  in  the  opinion  of  such  medical  officer,  be  safely 
deported." 

DEPORTATION. 

Any  alien  who  shall  enter  the  United  States  in  violation  of  law  and  become  a  public 
charge  from  causes  existing  prior  to  landing,  shall  be  deported  to  the  country  whence  he 
came  at  any  time  within  three  years  from  the  date  of  his  entry. 

The  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  in  addition  to  his  other  duties,  shall  have, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  charge  of  all  laws  relating 
to  the  immigration  of  aliens   into  the  United   States.  • 

Immigration  officers  shall  "have  power  to  administer  oaths  and  to  take  and  consider 
evidence  touching  the  right  of  any  alien  to  entel-  the  United  States,  and,  where  such  action 
may  be  necessary,  to  make  a  written  record  of  such  evidence. 

SPECIAL    BOARDS   OF   INQUIRY. 

Section  25  provides  that  such  boards  of  special  inquiry  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Com- 
missioner of  Immigration  at  the  'various  ports  of  arrival  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
prompt  determination  of  all  cases  of  immigrants  detained  at  such  ports  under  the  pro- 
visions of  law.  Each  board  shall  consist  of  three  members,  who  shall  be  selected  from 
such  of  the  immigrant  officials  in  the  service  as  the  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration, 
with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  shall  from  time  to  time  desig- 
nate as  qualified  to  serve  on  such  boards:  Provided.  That  at  ports  where  there  are  fewer 
than  three  immigrant  inspectors,  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  upon  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  may  designate  other  United  States 
officials  for  service  on  such  boards  of  special  inquiry.     Such  boards  shall  have  authority 


186  The  New  Immigratio7i  Law, 

to  determine  whether  an  alien  who  has  been  duly  held  shall  be  allowed  to  land  or  shall  be 
deported.  All  hearings  before  boards  shall  be  separate  and  apart  from  the  public,  but  the 
said  boards  shall  keep  a,  complete  permanent  record  of  their  proceedings  and  of  all  such 
testimony  as  may  be  produced  before  them;  and  the  decision  of  any  two  members  of  a 
board  shall  prevail,  but  either  the  alien  or  any  dissenting  member  of  the  said  board  may 
appeal  through  the  Commissioner  of  Immigration  at  the  port  of  arrival,  and  the  Commis- 
sioner-General of  Immigration  to  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  and  the  taking 
of  such  appeal  shall  operate  to  stay  any  action  in  regard  to  the  final  disposal  of  any  alien 
whose  case  is  so  appealed  until  the  receipt  by  the  Commissioner  of  Immigration  at  the 
port  of  arrival  of  such  decision  which  shall  be  rendered  solely  upon  the  evidence  adduced 
before  the  board  of  special  inquiry:  Provided,  That  in  every  case  where  an  alien  is 
excluded  from  admission  into  the  United  States,  under  any  law  or  treaty  now  existing,  or 
hereafter  made,  the  decision  of  the  appropriate  immigration  officers,  if  adverse  to  the 
admission  of  such  alien,  shall  be  final,  unless  reversed  on  appeal  to  the  Secretary  of  Com- 
merce and  Labor;  but  nothing  in  this  section  shall  be  construed  to  admit  of  any  appeal  in 
the  case  of  an  alien  rejected  as  provided  for  in  Section  10  of  this  Act." 

Any  alien  liable  to  be  excluded  because  likely  to  become  a  public  charge,  or  because  of 
physical  disability,  may,  nevertheless,  be  admitted  in  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of 
Commerce  and  Labor  on  giving  a  suitable  bond  that  he  or  she  will  not  become  a  public 
charge. 

The  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration  shall  prescribe  rules  for  the  entry  and 
inspection  of  aliens  along  the  box'ders  of  Canada  and  Mexico. 

JOINT  COMMISSION  ON  IMMIGRATION  CREATED. 

Section  39  provides  that  "a  commission  is  hereby  created,  consisting  of  three  Senators, 
to  be  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  three  members  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, to  be  appointed  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  three 
persons,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States.  Said  commission  shall 
make  full  inquiry,  examination  and  investigation  by  sub-committee  or  otherwise  into  the 
subject  of  immigration.  For  the  purpose  of  said  inquiry,  examination  and  investigation, 
said  commission  is  authorized  to  send  for  persons  and  papers,  make  all  necessary  travel, 
either  in  the  United  States  or  any  foreign  country,  and,  through  the  chairman  of  the  com- 
mission or  any  member  thereof  to  administer  oaths  and  to  examine  witnesses  and  papers 
respecting  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  subject,  and  to  employ  necessary  clerical  and  other 
assistance.  Said  commission  shall  report  to  the  Congress  the  conclusions  reached  by  it 
and  make  such  recommendations  as  in  its  judgment  may  seem  proper.  Such  sums  of  money 
as  may  be  necessary  for  the  said  inquiry,  examination  and  investigation  are  hereby  appro- 
priated and  authorized  to  be  paid  out  of  the  "immigration  fund'  on  the  certificate  of  the 
chairman  of  said  commission,  including  all  expenses  of  the  commissioners  and  a  reason- 
able compensation,  to  be  fixed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  for  those  members 
of  the  commission  who  are  not  members  of  Congress;  and  the  President  of  the  United 
States  is  also  authorized,  in  the  name  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  to  call,  in 
his  discretion,  an  international  conference,  to  assemble  at  such  point  as  may  be  agreed 
upon,  or  to  send  special  commissioners  to  any  foreign  country,  for  the  purpose  of  regulating 
by  international  agreement,  subject  to  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,  the  immigration  of  aliens  to  the  United  States;  of  providing  for  the  mental,  moral 
and  physical  examination  of  such  aliens  by  American  consuls  or  other  officers  of  the 
United  States  Government  at  the  ports  of  embarkation,  or  elsewhere;  of  securing  the  assist- 
ance of  foreign  governments  in  their  own  territories  to  prevent  the  evasion  of  the  laws  of 
the  United  States  governing  immigration  to  the  United  States;  of  entering  into  such  inter- 
national agreements  as  may  be  proper  to  prevent  the  immigration  of  aliens  who,  under  the 
laws  of  the  United  States,  are  or  may  be  excluded  from  entering  the  United  States,  and  of 
regulating  any  matters  pertaining  to  such  immigration." 

INFORMATION  FOR  IMMIGRANTS. 

By  Section  40  "authority  is  hereby  given  the  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration  to 
establish,  under  the  direction  and  control  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  a 
division  of  information  in  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  and  Naturalization;  and  the  Secretary 
of  Commerce  and  Labor  shall  provide  such  clerical  assistance  as  may  be  necessary.  It 
shall  be  the  duty  of  said  division  to  promote  a  beneficial  distribution  of  aliens  admitted 
Into  the  United  States  among  the  several  States  and  Territories  desiring  immigration.  Cor- 
respondence shall  be  had  with  the  proper  officials  of  the  States  and  Territories,  and  said 
division  shall  gather  from  all  available  sources  useful  information  regarding  the  resources, 
products,  and  physical  characteristics  of  each  State  and  Territory,  and  shall  publish  such 
Information  in  different  languages  and  distribute  the  publications  among  all  admitted  aliens 
who  may  ask  for  such  information  at  the  immigrant  stations  of  the  United  States,  and  to 
such  other  persons  as  may  desire  the  same.  When  any  State  or  Territory  appoints  and 
maintains  an  agent  or  agents  to  represent  it  at  any  of  the  immigrant  stations  of  the 
United  States,  such  agents  shall,  under  regulations  prescribed  by  the  Commissioner-General 
of  Immigration,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  have 
access  to  aliens  who  have  been  admitted  to  the  United  States  for  the  purpose  of  presenting, 
either  orally  or  in  writing,  the  special  inducements  offered  by  such  State  or  Territory  to 
aliens  to  settle  therein.  While  on  duty  at  any  immigrant  station  such  agents  shall  be 
subject  to  all  the  regulations  prescribed  by  the  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,  who, 
with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  may,  for  violation  of  any  such 
regulations,  deny  to  the  agent  guilty  of  such  violation  any  of  the  privileges  herein  granted." 

Nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  construed  to  apply  to  accredited  officials  of  foreign  gov- 
ernments,   nor   to  their  suites,   families  or   guests. 

Section  42  provides  for  the  proper  accommodation  of  immigrant  passengers  in  vessels, 
carrying  them  to  the  United  States.     These  regulations  are  quite  minute  and  rigid. 

Tbe  Act  took  effept  July  1,  18^. 


The  National  Pure  Food  Lato.  187 

^fje  National  J^iirc  jFootr  2Lato^ 

The  Pure  Food  Act.  approved  June  SO.  lOOG.  is  entitled  "An  Act  for  preventing  the 
manufacture,  sale,  or  transportation  of  adulterated  or  misbranded  or  poisonous  or  dele- 
terious foods,  drugs,  medicines  and  liquors,  and  for  rogul_ating  traffic  therein,  and  for  other 
purposes."     It  took  effect  by  its  terms  on  January  1.   1U07. 

"Under  Section  3  of  the  Act  the  secretaries  of  the  Departments  of  the  Treasury,  Agri- 
culture, and  Commerce  and  Labor  are  required  to  make  uniform  rules  for  carrying 
Dut  the  provision  of  the  Act.  The  administration  of  the  law  has  therefore  been  placed 
under  the  charge  of  a  Commission  appointed  by  these  three  departments.  The  Treasury 
Department  is  represented  by  James  L..  Gerry,  the  Department  of  Agriculture  by  Dr. 
Harvev  W.  Wilev.  and  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  by  S.  N.  D.  North.  Director 
of  the  Census.  Dr.  Wiley  is  chairman.  The  Commission  met  and  organized  in  the  City  of 
New  York  September  17,  1906,  and  proceeded  to  prepare'  rules  and  regulations  for  carrying 
out  the  provisions  of  the  Act. 

The  first  section  of  the  Act  makes  it  unlawful  for  any  person  to  manufacture  within 
the  District  of  Columbia  or  any  Territory,  any  article  of  food  or  drug  which  is  adulterated 
or  misbranded,  under  a  penalty  not  to  exceed  $500,  or  one  year's  imprisonment,  or  both,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  court  for  the  first  offence,  and  not  to  exceed  $1,000  and  one  year's 
imprisonment,  or  both,   for  each  subsequent  offence. 

Section  2  of  the  Act  makes  it  applicable  to  food  or  drugs  introduced  into  any  State 
from  any  other  State,  and  from  or  to  any  foreign  country. 

The  sections  descriptive  of  the  articles  which  come  within  the  scope  of  the  Act  are  as 
follows: 

"Sec.  6.  The  term  'drug.*  as  used  in  this  Act,  shall  include  all  medicines  and  prepara- 
tions, recognized  in  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  or  National  Formulary  for  internal 
or  external  use.  and  any  substance  or  mixture  of  substances  intended  to  be  used  for  the 
cure,  mitigation  or  prevention  of  disease  of  either  man  or  other  animals.  The  term  'food,' 
as  used  herein,  shall  include  all  articles  used  for  food,  drink,  confectionery  or  condiment 
by  man  or  other  animals,  whether  simple,  mixed  or  compound. 

"Sec.  7.    For  the  purposes  of  this  Act  an  article  shall  be  deemed  to  be  adulterated:" 

In  case  of  drugs: 

"First.  If,  when  a  drug  is  sold  under  or  by  a  name  recognized  in  the  United  States 
Pharmacopoeia  or  National  Formulary,  it  differs  from  the  standard  of  strength,  cjuality  or 
purity,  as  determined  by  the  test  laid  down  in  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  or  National 
Formulary  official  at  the  time  of  investigation:  Provided,  That  no  drug  defined  in  the 
United  States  Pharmacopoeia  or  National  Formulary  shall  be  deemed  to  be  adulterated 
under  this  provision  of  the  standard  of  strength,  quality  or  purity  be  plainly  stated  upon 
the  bottle,  box  or  other  container  thereof,  although  the  standard  may  differ  from  that 
determined  by  the  test  laid  down  in  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  or  National  Formulary. 

"Second.  If  this  strength  or  purity  fall  below  the  professed  standard  or  quality  under 
which  it  is  sold." 

In  the  case  of  confectionery: 

'•If  it  contain  terra  alba,  barytes.  talc,  chrome  yellow,  or  other  mineral  substance  or 
poisonous  color  or  flavor,  or  other  ingredient  deleterious  or  detrimental  to  health,  or  any 
vinous,     malt    or    spirituous    liquor    or    compound    or    narcotic    drug." 

In  the  case  of  food: 

"First.  If  any  substance  has  been  mixed  and  packed  with  it  so  as  to  reduce,  or  lower, 
or  injuriously  affect  its  -quality  or  strength. 

"Second.    If  any  substance  has  been  substituted  wholly  or  in  part  for  the  article. 

"Third.    If  any  valuable  constituent  of  the  article  has  been  wholly  or  in  part  extracted. 

"Fourth.  If  it  be  mixed,  colored,  powdered,  coated,  or  stained  in  a  manner  whereby 
damage  or  inferiority  is  concealed. 

"Fifth.  If  it  contain  any  added  poisonous  or  other  added  deleterious  ingredient  which 
may  render  such  article  injurious  to  health:  Provided.  That  when  in  the  preparation  of 
food  products  for  shipment  they  are  preserved  by  any  external  application  applied  in  such 
manner  that  the  preservative  is  necessarily  removed  mechanically,  or  by  maceration  in 
water,  or  otherwise,  and  directions  for  the  removal  of  said  preservatives  shall  be  printed 
on  the  covering  of  the  package,  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  be  construed  as  applying 
only  when  said  products  are  ready  for  consumption. 

"Sixth.  If  it  consists  in  whole  or  in  part  of  a  filthy,  decomposed,  or  putrid  animal  or 
vegetable  substance,  or  any  portion  of  an  animal  unfit  for  food,  whether  manufactured  or 
not.  or  if  it  is  the  product  of  a  diseased  animal,  or  one  that  has  died  otherwise  than  by 
slaughter. 

"Sec.  R.  The  term  'misbranded.'  used  herein,  shall  apply  to  all  drugs,  or  articles,  or 
food,  or  articles  which  enter  into  the  composition  of  food,  the  package  or  label  of  which 
shall  bear  any  statement,  design,  or  device  regarding  such  article,  or  the  ingredients  or 
substances  contained  therein  which  shall  be  false  or  misleading  in  any  particular,  and  to 
any  food  or  drug  product  which  is  falsely  brande^d  as  to  the  State,  Territory,  or  country  in 
which  it  is  manufactured  or  produced. 

"That  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act,  an  article  shall  also  be  deemed  to  be  misbranded." 

In  case  of  drugs: 

"First.    If  it  be  an  imitation  of  or  offered  for  sale  under  the  name  of  another  article. 

"Second.  If  the  contents  of  the  package  as  originally  put  up  shall  have  been  removed, 
in  whole  or  in  part,  and  other  contents  shall  have  been  placed  in  such  package,  or  if  the 
package  fail  to  bear  a  statement  on  the  label  of  the  quantity  or  proportion  of  any  alcohol, 
morphine,  opium,  cocaine,  heroin,  alpha  or  beta  eucaine,  chloroform,  cannabis  indica,  chloral 
hydrate  or  acetanilide,  or  any  derivative  or  preparation  of  any  such  substances  contained 
therein." 

In  case  of  food: 

"First.  If  it  be  an  imitation  of  or  offered  for  sale  under  the  distinctive  name  of  another 
article. 

"Second.  If  it  be  labelled  or  branded  so  as  to  deceive  or  mislead  the  purchaser,  or  pur- 
port to  be  a  foreign  product  when  not  so.  or  if  the  contents  of  the  package  as  originally  put 


188  The  National  Meat  Inspection  Law, 

THE  NATIONAL  PURE  FOOD  LAW— CowimMcd. 

up  shall  have  been  removed  in  whole  or  in  part  and  other  contents  shall  have  been  placed 
in  such  package,  or  if  it  fail  to  bear  a  statement  on  the  label  of  the  quantity  or  proportion 
of  any  morphine,  opium,  cocaine,  heroin,  alpha  or  beta  eucaine,  chloroform,  cannabis  indica, 
chloral  hydrate,  .or  acetanilide,  or  any  derivative  or  preparation  of  any  such  substance  con- 
tained therein. 

"Third.  If  in  package  form,  and  the  contents  are  stated  in  terms  of  weight  or  measure, 
they  are  not  plainly  or  correctly  stated  on  the  outside  of  the  package. 

"Fourth.  If  the  package  containing  it  or  its  label  shall  bear  any  statement,  design  or 
device  regarding  the  ingredients  or  the  substances  contained  thei-ein.  which  statement, 
design  or  device  shall  be  false  or  misleading,  in  any  particular:  Provided,  That  an  article 
of  food  which  does  not  contain  any  added  poisonous  or  deleterious  ingredients  shall  not 
be  deemed  to  be  adulterated  or  misbranded  in  the  following  cases: 

"First.  In  the  case  of  mixtures  or  compounds  which  may  be  now  or  from  time  to  time 
hereafter  known  as  articles  of  food,  under  their  own  distinctive  names,  and  not  an  imitation 
of  or  offered  for  sale  under  their  own  distinctive  names,  and  not  an  imitation  of  or  offered 
for  sale  under  the  distinctive  name  of  another  article,  if  the  name  be  accompanied  on  the 
same  label  or  brand  with  a  statement  of  the  place  where  said  article  has  been  manufactured 
or  produced. 

"Second.  In  the  case  of  articles  labelled,  branded  or  tagged  so  as  to  plainly  indicate 
that  they  are  compounds,  imitations  or  blends,  and  the  word  'compound,'  'imitation'  or 
'blend.'  as  the  case  may  be,  is  plainly  stated  on  the  package  in  which  it  is  offered  for  sale: 
Provided.  That  the  term  blend  as  used  herein  shall  be  construed  to  mean  a  mixture  of  like 
substances,  not  excluding  harniless  coloring  or  flavoring  ingredients  used  for  the  purpose  of 
coloring  and  flavoring  only:  And  provided  further.  That  nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  con- 
strued as  requiring  or  compelling  proprietors  or  manufacturers  of  proprietary  foods  which 
contain  unwholesome  added  ingredients  to  disclose  their  trade  formulas,  except  in  so  far  as 
the  provisions  of  this  Act  may  require  to  secure  freedom  from  adulteration  or  misbranding, 

"Sec.  9.  No  dealer  shall  be  prosecuted  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  when  he  can 
establish  a  guaranty  signed  by  the  wholesaler,  jobber,  manufacturer  or  other  party  residing 
in  the  United  States,  from  whom  he  purchases  such  articles,  to  the  effect  that  the  same  is 
not  adulterated  or  misbranded  within  the  meaning  of  this  Act,  designating  it." 

The  remaining  provisions  of  the  Act  provide  the  methods  of  prosecuting  offenders  and 
destroying  goods  imported  or  offered  for  import  which  are  adulterated  or  falsely  labelled. 


^Ijc  National  JEcat  Xnsptction  iLatu. 

In  the  Act  making  appropriations  for  the  Department  of  Agriculture  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1907,  approved  June  30,  1906  (confirmed  by  Act  of  March  4,  1907),  appear 
the  following  provisions  regulating  the  inspection  of  meat  foods  either  in  the  hoof  or  car- 
cass or  in  canning  and  packing  establishments: 

"For  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  use  in  interstate  or  foreign  commerce,  as  herein- 
after provided,  of  meat  and  meat  food  products  which  are  unsound,  unhealthful,  unwhole- 
some or  otherwise  unfit  for  human  food,  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  at  his  discretion, 
may  cause  to  be  made,  by  inspectors  appointed  for  that  purpose,  an  examination  and 
inspection  of  all  cattle,  sheep,  swine,  and  goats,  before  they  shall  be  allowed  to  enter  into 
any  slaughtering,  packing,  meat-canning,  rendering,  or  similar  establishments  in  which 
they  are  to  be  slaughtered,  and  the  meat  and  meat  food  products  thereof  are  to  be  used  in 
interstate  or  foreign  commerce;  and  all  cattle,  swine,  sheep,  and  goats  found  on  such 
inspection  to  show  symptoms  of  disease  shall  be  set  apart  and  slaughtered  separately  from 
all  other  cattle,  sheep,  swine,  or  goats,  and  when  so  slaughtered  the  carcasses  of  said  cattle, 
sheep,  swine,  or  goats,  shall  be  subject  to  a  careful  examination  and  inspection,  all  as  pro- 
vided by  the  rules  and  regulations  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  as 
herein  provided  for. 

"For  the  purpose  hereinbefore  set  forth  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  cause  to  be 
made  by  inspectors  appointed  for  that  purpose,  as  hereinafter  provided,  a  post-mortem 
examination  and  inspection  of  the  carcasses  and  parts  thereof  of  all  cattle,  sheep,  swine, 
and  goats  to  be  prepared  for  human  consumption  at  any  slaughtering,  meat-canning,  salt- 
ing, packing,  rendering,  or  similar  establishment  in  any  State,  Territory,  or  the  District  of 
Columbia  for  transportation  or  sale  as  articles  of  interstate  or  foreign  commerce;  and  the 
carcasses  and  parts  thereof  of  all  such  animals  found  to  be  sound,  healthful,  wholesome, 
and  fit  for  human  food,  shall  be  marked,  stamped,  tagged,  or  labelled  as  'inspected  and 
passed;'  and  said  inspectors  shall  label,  mark,  stamp,  or  tag  as  'inspected  and  condemned' 
all  carcasses  and  parts  thereof  of  animals  found  to  be  unsound,  unhealthful,  unwholesome, 
or  otherwise  unfit  for  human  food;  and  all  carcasses  or  parts  thereof  thus  Inspected  and 
condemned  shall  be  destroyed  for  food  purposes  by  the  said  establishment  in  the  presence 
of  an  inspector,  and  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  may  remove  inspectors  from  any  such 
establishment  which  fails  to  so  destroy  any  such  condemned  carcass  or  part  thereof,  and 
said  inspectors,  after  said  first  inspection  shall,  when  they  deem  it  necessary,  reinspect 
said  carcasses  or  parts  thereof  to  determine  whether  since  the  first  inspection  the  same 
have  become  unsound,  unhealthful,  unwholesome,  or  in  any  way  unfit  for  human  food,  and 
if  any  carcass  or  any  part  thereof  shall,  upon  examination  and  inspection  subsequent  to  the 
first  examination  and  inspection,  be  found  to  be  unsound,  unhealthful,  unwholesome,  or 
otherwise  unfit  for  human  food,  it  shall  be  destroyed  for  food  purposes  by  the  said  estab- 
lishment in  the  presence  of  an  inspector,  and  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  may  remove 
inspectors  from  any  establishment  which  fails  to  so  destroy  any  such  condemned  carcass 
or  part  thereof. 

"The  foregoing  provisions  shall  apply  to  all  carcasses  or  parts  of  carcasses  of  cattle, 
sheep,  swine,  and  goats,  or  the  meat  or  meat  products  thereof  which  may  be  brought  Into 
any  slaughtering,  meat-canning,  salting,  packing,  renderirfg,  or  similar  establishment,  and 
such  examination  and  inspection  shall  be  had  before  the  said  carcasses  or  parts  thereof 
shall  be  allowed  to  enter  into  any  department  wherein  the  same  are  to  be  treated  and  pre- 


The  Sixteen-Uour  Act.  189 

THE  NATIONAL  MEAT  INSPECTION  'LA.W . —Continued. 

pared  for  meat  food  products;  and  the  foregoing  provisions  shall  also  apply  to  all  such 
products  which,  after  having  been  issued  from  any  slaughtering,  meat-canning,  salting, 
packing,  rendering,  or  similar  establishment,  shall  be  returned  to  the  same  or  to  any 
similar  establishment  where  such  inspection  is   maintained. 

"For  the  purposes  hereinbefore  set  forth  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  cause  to  be 
made  by  inspectors  appointed  for  that  purpose  an  examination  and  inspection  of  all  meat 
food  products  prepared  for  interstate  or  foreign  commerce  in  any  slaughtering,  meat-can- 
ning, salting,  packing,  rendering,  or  similar  establishment,  and  for  the  purposes  of  any 
examination  and  inspection  said  inspectors  shall  have  access  at  all  times,  by  day  or  night, 
whether  the  establishment  be  operated  or  not,  to  every  part  of  said  establishment,  and  said 
inspectors  shall  mark,  stamp,  tag,  or  label  as  'inspected  and  passed'  all  such  products 
found  to  be  sound,  healthful,  and  wholesome,  and  which  contain  no  dyes,  chemicals,  pre- 
servatives, or  ingredients  which  render  such  meat  or  meat  food  products  unsound,  unhealth- 
ful,  unwholesome,  or  unfit  for  human  food;  and  said  inspectors  shall  label,  mark,  stamp, 
or  tag  as  'inspected  and  condemned'  all  such  products  found  unsound,  unhealthful.  and 
unwholesome,  or  which  contain  dyes,  chemicals,  preservatives,  or  ingredients  which  render 
such  meat  or  meat  food  products  unsound,  unhealthful,  unwholesome,  or  unfit  for  human 
food,  and  all  such  condemned  meat  food  products  shall  be  destroyed  for  food  purposes,  as 
hereinbefore  provided,  and  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  may  remove  inspectors  from  any 
establishment  which  fails  to  so  destroy  such  condemned  meat  food  product." 

Other  sections  of  the  law  provide  "for  the  sanitary  examination  of  slaughterinj*.  packing, 
and  canning  establishments,   and   the  labelling  of  all   such   inspected  articles   of  food. 

The  provisions  of  this  Act  requiring  inspection  to  be  made  by  the  Secretary  of  Agri- 
culture shall  not  apply  to  animals  slaughtered  by  any  farmer  on  the  farm  and  sold  and 
transported  as  interstate  or  foreign  commerce,  nor  to  retail  butchers  and  retail  dealers  in 
meat  and  meat  food  products,  supplying  their  customers:  Provided,  That  if  any  person 
shall  sell  or  offer  for  sale  or  transportation  for  interstate  or  foreign  commerce  any  meat 
or  meat  food  products  which  are  diseased,  unsound,  unhealthful,  unwholesome,  or  other- 
wise unfit  for  human  food,  knowing  that  such  meat  food  products  are  intended  for  human 
consumption,  he  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof  shall  be  pun- 
ished by  a  fine  not  exceeding  "$1,000  or  by  imprisonment  for  a  pei'iod  of  not  exceeding  one 
year,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 


Chapter  29S9  of  the  Acts  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Congress,  second  session,  "An  Act  to  pro- 
mote the  safety  of  employees  and  travellers  upon  railroads  by  limiting  the  hours  of  service 
of  employees  therein,"  approved  March  4,   1907,  provides  that: 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  common  carrier,  its  officers  or  agents,  subject  to  this  Act, 
to  require  or  permit  any  employee  subject  to  this  Act  to  be  or  remain  on  duty  for  a  longer 
period  than  sixteen  consecutive  hours,  and  whenever  any  such  employee  of  such  common 
carrier  shall  have  been  continuously  on  duty  for  sixteen  hours,  he  shall  be  relieved  and 
not  required  or  permitted  again  to  go  on  duty  until  he  has  had  at  least  ten  consecutive 
hours  off  duty;  and  no  such  employee  who  has  been  on  duty  sixteen  hours  in  the  aggregate 
in  anj'  twenty-four-hour  period  shall  be  required,  or  permitted  to  continue,  or  again  go 
on  duty  without  having  had  at  least  eight  consecutive  hours  off  duty:  Provided,  That  no 
operator,  train  dispatcher,  or  other  employee  who,  by  the  use  of  the  telegraph  or  telephone 
dispatches,  reports,  transmits,  receives,  or  delivers  orders  pertaining  to  or  affecting  train 
movements,  shall  be  required  or  permitted  to  be  or  remain  on  duty  for  a  longer  period  than 
nine  hours  in  any  twenty-four-hour  period  in  all  towers,  offices,  places,  and  stations  con- 
tinuously operated  night  and  day,  nor  for  a  longer  period  than  thirteen  hours  in  all  towers, 
offices,  places,  and  stations  operated  only  during  the  daj'time,  except  in  case  of  emergency, 
when  the  employees  named  in  this  proviso  may  be  permitted  to  be  and  remain  on  duty  for 
four  additional  hours  in  a  twenty-four-hour  period  on  not  exceeding  three  days  in  any 
week:  Provided  further.  The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  may.  after  full  hearing  in 
a  particular  case  and  for  good  cause  shown,  extend  the  period  within  which  a  common 
carrier  shall  comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  proviso  as  to  such  case. 

Any  such  common  carrier,  or  any  officer  or  agent  thereof,  requiring  or  permitting  any 
employee  to  go.  be.  or  remain  on  duty  in  violation  of  the  second  section  hereof,  shall  be 
liable  to  a  penalty  of  not  to  exceed  $500  for  each  and  every  violation,  to  be  recovered  in  a 
suit  or  suits  to  be  brought  by  the  United  States  District-Attorney  in  the  District  Court  of 
the  United  States  having  jurisdiction  in  the  locality  where  such  violation  shall  have  been 
committed ;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  district-attorney  to  bring  such  suits  upon  sat- 
isfactory information  being  lodged  with  him;  but  no  such  suit  shall  be  brought  after  the 
expiration  of  one  year  from  the  date  of  such  violation;  and  it  shall  also  be  the  duty  of  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  to  lodge  with  the  proper  district-attorneys  information  of 
any  such  violations  as  may  come  to  its  knowledge.  In  all  prosecutions  under  this  Act  the 
common  carrier  shall  be  deemed  to  have  had  knowledge  of  all  acts  of  all  its  officers  and 
agents:  Provided.  That  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  not  apply  in  any  case  of  casualty 
or  unavoidable  accident  or  the  act  of  God;  nor  where  the  delay  was  the  result  of  a  cause 
not  known  to  the  carrier  or  its  officer  or  agent  in  charge  of  such  employee  at  the  time  said 
employee  left  a  terminal,  and  which  could  not  have  been  foreseen:  Provided  further,  That 
the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  not  apply  to  the  crevrs  of  wrecking  or  relief  trains. 

It  is  made  the  duty  of  the  InterstatB  Commerco  Commlaslon  to  execute  aad  enforce 
the  provJsions  of  this  Act. 


190  Interstate   Commerce  Law. 


interstate  (Commerce  Hato. 

The  following  is  a  synopsis  of  the  provisions  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  law  and  acts  amendatory 
thereof,  prepared  for  the  Official  Congressional  Directory: 

Under  "  An  Act  to  Regulate  Commerce,"  approved  February  4. 1887 ;  as  amended  March  2,1889; 
February  10,  1891;  Februarys,  1893;  the  "Elkins  Act  "  of  February  19,  1903.  and  the  amending  act  ap- 
proved June  29,  1906,  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  is  composed  of  seven  members,  eaca  receiv- 
ing a  salary  of  $10,000  per  annum.  The  regulating  statutes  apply  to  all  common  carriers  engaged  in 
the  transportation  of  oil  or  other  commodity,  except  water  and  except  natural  or  artificial  gas,  by 
means  of  pipe  lines,  or  partly  by  pipe  line  and  partly  by  rail,  or  partly  by  pipe  line  and  partly  by  water, 
and  to  common  carriers  engaged  in  the  transportation  of  passengers  or  property  wholly  by  railroad 
(or  partly  by  railroad  and  partly  by  water  when  both  are  used  under  a  common  control,  management. 
or  arrangement  for  a  continuous  carriage  or  shipment).  The  statutes  apply  generally  to  interstate 
traffic,  including  import  and  domestic  traffic,  and  also  that  which  is  carried  wholly  within  any  Territory 
of  the  United  States.    Only  traffic  transported  wholly  within  a  single  State  is  excepted. 

The  Commission  has  jurisdiction  on  complaint,  and,  after  full  hearing,  to  determine  and  prescribe 
reasonable  rates,  regulations,  and  practices,  and  order  reparation  to  injured  shippers;  to  require  any 
carriers  to  cease  and  desist  from  unjust  discrimination,  or  undue  or  unreasonable  preference,  and  to 
institute  and  carry  on  proceedings  for  enforcement  of  the  law.  The  Commission  may  also  inquire  into 
the  management  of  the  business  of  all  common  carriers  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  rt^gulating 
statutes,  and  it  may  prescribe  the  accounts,  records,  and  memoranda  which  shall  be  kept  by  the 
carriers,  and  from  time  to  time  inspect  the  same.  The  carriers  must  file  annual  reports  with  the  Com- 
mission, and  such  other  reports  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  required.  Various  other  powers  are  con- 
ferred upon  the  Commission.  Carriers  failing  totiia  and  publish  all  rates  and  charges,  as  required  by 
law,  are  prohibited  from  engaging  in  interstate  transportation,  and  p(?nalties  are  provided  in  the 
'  statute  for  failure  on  the  part  of  carriers  or  of  shippers  to  observe  the  rates  specified  in  the  published 
tariffs. 

The  Commission  also  appoints  a  Secretary  and  clerks,  whose  duties  are  not  specifically  defined  by 
the  act. 

The  act  of  February  11, 1903,  provides  that  suits  in  equity  brought  under  the  act  to  regulate  com- 
merce, wherein  the  United  States  is  complainant,  may  be  expedited  and  given  precedence  over  other 
suits,  and  that  appeals  from  the  Circuit  Court  lie  only  to  the  Suprenib  Court.  The  act  of  February  19, 
1903,  commonly  called  the  Elkins Law,  penalizes  the  offering,  soliciting,  or  receiving  of  rebates,  allows 
proceedings  in  the  courts  by  injunction  to  restrain  departures  from  published  rates,  and  makes  the 
Expediting  Act  of  February  11, 1903,  include  cases  prosecuted  under  the  direction  of  the  Attorney- 
General  in  the  name  of  the  Commission. 

Under  the  act  of  August  7,  1888,  all  railroad  and  telegraph  companies  to  which  the  United  States 
have  granted  any  subsidy  in  lands  or  bonds  or  loan  of  credit  for  the  construction  of  either  railroad  or 
telegraph  lines  are  required  to  file  a^inual  reports  with  the  Commission  and  such  other  reports  as  the 
Commission  may  call  for.  The  act  also  directs  every  such  company  to  hie  with  the  Commission  copies 
of  all  contracts  and  agreements  of  every  description  existing  between  it  and  every  other  person  or  cor- 
poration whatsover  in  reference  to  the  ownership,  possession,  or  operation  of  any  telegraph  lines  over 
or  upon  the  right  of  way,  and  to  decide  questions  relating  to  the  interchange  of  business  between  such 
government-aided  telegraph  company  and  any  connecting  telegraph  co^npany.  The  act  provides 
penalties  for  failure  to  perform  and  carry  out  withiu  a  reasonable  time  the  order  or  orders  of  the 
Commission. 

The  act  of  March  2,  1893,  known  as  the  "Safety  Appliance  Act,"  provides  that  within  specified 
periods  railroad  cars  used  in  intsrstate  commerce  must  be  equipped  with  automatic  couplers  and 
standard  height  of  drawbars  for  freight  cars,  and  have  grab  irons  or  hand  holds  in  the  ends  and  sides 
of  each  car.  A  further  provision  is  that  locomotive  engines  used  in  moving  interstate  traffic  shall  be 
fitted  with  a  power  driving-wheel  brake  and  appliances  for  operating  the  train-brake  system,  and  a 
sufficient  number  of  cars  in  the  train  shall  be  equipped  with  power  or  train  brakes.  The  act  directs  the 
Commission  to  lodge  with  the  proper  District-Attorneys  information  of  such  violations  as  may  come  to 
its  knowledge.  The  Commission  is  authorized  to,  from  time  to  time,  upon  full  hearing  and  for  good 
cause,  extend  the  period  within  which  any  common  carrier  shall  comply  with  the  provisions  of  the 
.statute.  The  act  of  March  2,  1903,  amendea  this  act  so  as  to  make  its  provisions  apply  to  Territories 
and  the  District  of  Columbia  to  all  cases  when  couplers  of  whatever  design  are  brought  together,  and  to 
all  locomotives,  cars,  and  other  equipmentof  any  railroad  engaged  in  interstate  traffic,  except  logging 
cars  and  cars  used  upon  street  railways,  and  also  to  power  or  train  brakes  used  in  railway  operation. 

The  act  of  .Tune  1,  1898,  concerning  carriers  engaged  in  interstate  commerce  and  their  employes, 
known  as  the  "Arbitration  Act,"  directs  the  Chairman  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  and 
the  Commissioner  of  Labor  to  use  their  best  efforts,  by  mediation  and  conciliation,  to  settle  contro- 
versies between  railway  companies  and  their  employes.  Every  agreement  of  arbitration  made  under 
the  act  must  be  forwarded  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  who  shall  file  the 
same  in  the  office  of  that  Commission.  When  the  agreement  of  arbitration  is  signed  by  employes  in- 
dividually instead  of  a  labor  organization,  the  act  provides,  if  various  specified  conditions  have  been 
complied  with,  that  the  Chairman  of  the  Commission  shall,  by  notice  in  writing,  fix  a  time  and  place 
for  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Arbitrators,  If  the  two  arbitrators  chosen  by  the  parties  fail  to  select 
a  third  within  five  days  after  the  first  meeting,  the  third  arbitrator  shall  be  named  by  the  Chairman  of 
the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  and  the  Commissioner  of  Labor. 

The  act  of  March  3,  1901,  "requiring  common  carriers  engaged  in  interstate  commerce  to  make 
reports  of  all  accidents  to  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,"  makes  it  the  duty  of  such  carrier  to 
monthly  report,  under  oath,  all  collisions  and  derailments  of  its  trains  and  accidents  to  its  passengers, 
and  to  its  employes  while  on  duty  in  its  service,  and  to  state  the  nature  and  causes  thereof.  The  act 
prescribes  that  a  fine  shall  be  imposed  against  any  such  carrier  failing  bo  make  the  report  so  required. 


The  New    York  Puhlic  Service  Act.  191 


PUBLIC    SERVICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 
William  R.  Willcox,  Chairman,  Manhattan,  New  York;  holds  office  until  February  1,  1918. 
William  McCarroll,   Brooklyn;  holds  office  until  February  1,   1912. 
Edward  M.   Bassett,  Brooklyn;  holds  office  until  February  1,  1911. 
Milo  Roy  Maltbie.   Manhattan,  New  York;  holds  office  until  February  1,  1910. 
John  E.  Eustis,  Manhattan,  New  York;  holds  office  until  February  1,  1909. 

SECOND   DISTRICT. 

Frank  W.  Stevens,  Chairman,  Jamestown;  holds  office  until  February  1,  1913. 
Charles  Hallam  Keep,   Buffalo;  holds  office  until  February  1,   1912. 
Thomas   Mott   Osborne,   Auburn;    holds  office   until   February  1,    1911. 
Martin  S.  Decker,  New  Paltz;  holds  office  until  February  1,  1910. 
James  E.  Sagur,  New  Hamburg;  holds  office  until  February  1,  1909. 

Chapter  429  of  the  Laws  of  1907,  "An  Act  to  establish  the  Public  Service  Commissions 
and  prescribing  their  powers  and  duties,  and  to  provide  for  the  regulation  and  control  of 
certain  public  service  corporations  and  making  an  appropriation  therefor,"  became  a  law 
on  June  6,  1907.  Two  Public  Service  Commissions  of  five  members  each  were  created  by 
the  Act,  one  with  authority  in  the  First  District,  which  included  the  counties  of  New  York, 
Kings,  Queens  and  Richmond,  and  the  other  in  the  Second  District,  which  included  all  the 
other  counties  of  the  State. 

The  Act  abolished  the  existing  State  Board  of  Railroad  Commissioners,  the  State  Com- 
mission of  Gas  and  Electricity,  the  State  Inspector  of  Gas  Meters,  and  the  Board  of  Rapid 
Transit  Commissioners  of  New  York  City.  All  the  powers  of  the  Railroad  Commissioners, 
of  the  Commission  of  Gas  and  Electricity,  and  of  the  Inspector  of  Gas  Meters  were  con- 
ferred upon  the  Public  Service  Commissions.  All  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  Board  of 
Rapid  Transit  Railroad  Commissioners  of  New  York  City  were  conferred  upon  the  Public 
Service  Commission  of  the  First  District.  The  first  Commissioners  appointed  are  to  hold 
office,  respectively,  until  February  1.  1909;  February  1,  1910;  February  1,  1911;  February  1, 
1912.  and  February  1,  1913.  Each  of  their  successors  are  to  hold  office  for  a  period  of  five 
years.  The  Governor  is  authorized  to  remove  any  Commissioner  for  inefficiency,  neglect  of 
duty  or  misconduct  in  office,  giving  to  him  a  copy  of  the  charges  against  him,  and  an  oppor- 
tunity of  being  publicly  heard  in  person  or  by  counsel  in  his  own  defence. 

The  jurisdiction  of  the  Public  Service  Commission  of  the  First  District  extends  to  rail- 
roads and  street  railroads  lying  exclusively  within  that  district,  to  any  common  carrier 
operating  exclusively  within  that  district,  and  to  the  manufacture,  sale  or  distribution  of 
gas  and  electricity  for  light,  heat  and  power  in  that  district.  In  addition  the  Commission 
of  the  First  District  is  to  exercise  the  powers  heretofore  conferred  upon  the  Board  of  Rapid 
Transit  Railroad  Commissions.  All  jurisdiction  not  specifically  granted  to  the  Public  Service 
Commission  of  the  First  District  is  granted  to  the  Public  Service  Commission  of  the  Second 
District.  The  annual  salary  of  each  Public  Service  Commissioner  is  to  be  $15,000;  of  their 
secretary,  $6,000.   and  of  their  counsel.  $10,000. 

The  Act  provides  that  every  railway  corporation  shall  furnish  with  respect  thereto  such 
service  or  facilities  as  shall  be  safe  and  adequate,  and  in  all  respects  just  and  reasonable; 
and,  secondly,  that  all  charges  made  or  demanded  by  any  such  corporation,  person  or 
common  carrier  for  the  transportation  of  passengers,  freight  or  property,  for  any  service 
rendered,  or  to  be  rendered,  in  connection  therewith,  shall  be  just  and  reasonable,  and  not 
more  than  allowed  by  law  or  by  order  of  the  Public  Service  Commission  having  jurisdiction, 
and  made  as  authorized  by  the  Act.  Every  unjust  or  reasonable  charge  made  or  demanded 
for  any  such  service  or  transportation  of  passengers,  freight  or  property,  or  in  connection 
therewith,  or  in  excess  of  that  allowed  by  law  or  by  order  of  the  Commission,  is  prohibited. 
A  railroad  corporation,  upon  the  application  of  any  shipper  tendering  traffic  for  transporta- 
tion, must  construct  upon  I'easonable  terms  a  switch  connection.  Every  common  carrier  Is 
to  file  with  the  Public  Service  Commission  having  jurisdiction,  and  print  and  keep  open  to 
public  inspection,  schedules  shoA^ing  the  rates,  fares  and  charges  for  the  transportation  of 
passengers  and  property  within  the  State  between  each  point  upon  its  route  and  all  other 
points  thereon.  The  schedules  are  to  plainly  state  the  places  between  which  property  and 
passengers  are  to  be  carried,  the  classification  of  passengers,  freight  and  property  in  force, 
all  terminal  charges,  storage  charges,  icing  charges,  and  all  other  charges  which  the  Com- 
mission may  require  to  be  stated,  all  privileges  -or  facilities  granted  or  allowed,  and  any 
rules  or  regulations  which  may  in  any  wise  change,  affect,  or  determine  any  part,  or  the 
aggregate  of  the  rates,  fares  or  charges,  or  the  value  of  the  service  rendered  to  the  passen- 
ger, shipper  or  consignee.  Such  schedules  are  to  be  plainly  printed  in  large  type;  copies  for 
the  use  of  the  public  are  to  be  kept  posted  in  two  public  and  conspicuous  places  In  every 
depot,  station  and  office  of  every  common  carrier  where  passengers  &r  property  are  received 
for  transportation  in  such  manner  as  to  be  readily  accessible  to  and  conveniently  inspected 
by  the  public.  No  common  carrier,  the  Act  says,  "shall  directly  or  indirectly  bv  any 
special  rate,  rebate,  drawback,  or  other  device  or  method,  charge,  demand,  collect  or  receive 
from  any  person  or  corporation  a  greater- or  less  compensation  for  any  service  rendered  or 
to  be  rendered  in  the  transportation  of  passengers,  freight  or  propertv,  except  as  authorized 
in  this  Act,  than  it  charges,  demands,  collects,  or  receives  from  anv  other  person  or  corpora- 
i^°"  .^°^  doing  a  like  and  contemporaneous  service  in  the  transportation  of  a  like  kind  of 
traffic  under  the  same  or  substantially  similar  circumstances  and  conditions."  The  giving 
of  free  tickets,  free  passes,  or  free  transportation  for  passengers  or  property,  except  to  its 


i92  The  New   Yorh  Public  Service  Act. 


THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  SERVICE  A^CT— Continued. 


employees  and  certain  other  specified  classes,  or  in  certain' specified  cases,  is  prohibited.  No 
common  carrier  is  to  charge  or  receive  any  greater  compensation  in  the  aggregate  for  the 
transportation  of  passengers,  or  of  a  like  kind  or  property,  under  substantially  similar 
circumstances  and  conditions  for  a  shorter  than  for  a  longer  distance  over  the  same  line 
in  the  same  direction,  the  shorter  being  included  within  the  longer  distance.  Upon  the 
application,  however,  of  a  common  cai-rier  the  Public  Service  Commission  may,  by  order, 
authorize  it  to  charge  less  for  a  longer  than  for  shorter  distances  for  the  transportation  of 
passengers  or  property  in  special  cases  after  investigation  by  the  Commission.  Every  rail- 
road corporation  and  street  railway  corporation  is  to  have  sufficient  cars  and  motive  power 
to  meet  all  requirements  for  the  transportation  of  passengers  and  property  which  may  rea- 
sonably be  anticipated.  Every  railroad  corporation  must  furnish  to  all  persons  and  corpora- 
tions who  apply  therefor  and  offer  freight  for  transportation  sufficient  and  suitable  cars 
for  the  transportation  of  such  freight  in  car-load  lots. 

POWERS  OF  THE  COMMISSIONS. 

Each  one  of  the  Public  Service  Commissions  is  to  have  general  supervision 
of  all  common  carriers,  railroads  and  street  railroads,  and  is  directed  to  keep 
informed  as  to  their  general  condition,  their  capitalization,  their  franchises,  and  the  manner 
in  which  their  lines  owned,  leased,  controlled  or  operated,  are  managed,  conducted  and 
operated,  not  only  with  respect  to  the  adequacy,  security  and  accommodation  afforded  by 
their  service,  but  also  with  respect  to  their  compliance  with  all  provisions  of  law,  orders 
of  the  Commission  and  Charter  requirements.  Each  Commission  is  given  power  to  examine 
all  books,  contracts,  documents  and  papers  of  any  person  or  corporation  subject  to  its 
supervision,  and  by  subpoena  to  compel  production  thereof.  Each  Commission  is  to  pre- 
scribe the  form  of  the  annual  reports  required  under  the  Act  to  be  made  by  common 
carriers,  railroad  and  street  railroad  corporations.  Each  Commission  is  to  investigate  the 
cause  of  all  accidents  on  any  railroad  or  street  railroad  within  its  district  which  result  in 
loss  of  life  or  injury  to  persons  or  property,  and  which,  in  their  judgment,  require  investiga- 
tion. Whenever  either  Commission  shall  be  of  the  opinion  that  the  rates,  fares  or  charges 
demanded  by  any  common  carrier,  railroad  corporation  or  street  railroad  corporation  subject 
to  its  jurisdiction  are  unjust,  unreasonable,  unjustly  discriminatory,  or  unduly  preferential, 
or  in  anywise  in  violation  of  any  provision  of  law,  it  shall  determine  the  just  and  reason- 
able rates,  fares  and  charges  to  be  thereafter  observed  and  in  force  as  the  maximum  to  be 
charged  for  the  service  to  be  performed.  And  whenever  a  Public  Service  Commission  is 
of  the  opinion,  after  a  hearing,  that  the  equipment,  appliances  or  service  of  any  common 
carrier,  railroad  corporation  or  street  railroad  corporation  is  unsafe,  its  members  are 
required  to  determine  the  safe  equipment  thereafter  to  be  in  force,  and  prescribe  the  same 
by  an  order  to  be  served  upon  tiie  common  carrier,  railroad  corporation  or  street  railway 
corporation  concerned.  The  Commissions  are  granted  power  to  require  two  or  more  common 
carriers  owning  a  continuous  line  of  transportation  to  establish  joint  rates,  fares  and 
charges.  The  Commissions  may  order  repairs  and  improvements  to  be  made  to  tracks, 
switches,  terminals,  and  motive  powers  in  order  to  promote  the  security  or  convenience  of 
the  public.  If,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Commission  having  jurisdiction,  any  railroad  corpora- 
tion or  street  railroad  corporation  does  not  run  trains  enough  or  cars  enough,  or  possess  or 
operate  motive  power  enough  reasonably  to  accommodate  the  traffic,  passengers  and  freight 
transported  by  it,  or  it  does  not  run  its  trains  or  cars  with  sufficient  frequency,  such  a 
Commission  may  make  an  order  directing  any  such  corporation  to  increase  the  number  of 
its  trains,  or  of  its  cars,  or  its  motive  power.  A  uniform  system  of  accounts  for  railroad 
and  street  railway  corporations  is  authorized.  Without  first  having  obtained  the  permission 
and  approval  of  the  proper  Public  Service  Commission,  no  railroad  corporation  may  begin 
the  construction  of  a  railroad  or  street  railroad.  The  Commission  within  whose  district 
such  construction  is  to  be  m"de  is  authorized  to  grant  its  approval  when,  in  its  judgment, 
the  exercise  of  the  fi-anchise  or  privilege  is  necessary  or  convenient  for  the  public  service. 
No  franchise  to  own  or  operate  a  railroad  or  street  railroad  may  be  assigned,  transferred 
or  leased  unless  the  assignment,  transfer  or  lease  is  first  approved  by  the  proper  Commis- 
sion. No  railroad  corporation  or  street  railroad  corporation  is  to  acquire  the  capital  stock 
of  any  railroad  corporation  or  street  railroad  corporation  unless  authorized  to  do  so  by  one 
of  the  Commissions  created  by  the  Act.  Every  contract  for  a  transfer  of  stock  by  or 
through  any  person  or  corporation  to  any  corporation  in  violation  of  the  Act,  it  is  declared, 
shall  be  void.  Common  carriers,  railroads,  and  street  railroad  corporations  are  authorized 
to  issue  stocks,  bonds,  notes  and  other  evidences  of  indebtedness  when  necessary  for  the 
acquisition  of  property,  provided,  that  they  shall  have  secured  from  the  proper  Commission 
an  order  authorizing  such  an  issue.  For  the  purpose  of  enabling  it  to  determine  whether 
it  should  issue  such  an  order,  the  Commission  concerned  is  to  make  an  inquiry,  and  exam- 
ine such  books  or  contracts  as  it  may  deem  of  importance  in  enabling  it  to  reach  a  deter- 
mination. The  Act  says  that  "any  common  carrier,  railroad  corporation  or  street  railroad 
corporation  which  shall  violate  any  provision  of  this  Act.  or  which  fails,  omits,  or  neglects 
to  obey,  observe,  or  comply  with  any  order,  or  any  direction,  or  requirement  of  the  Com- 
mission, shall  forfeit  ♦o  the  people  of  the  State  of  New  York  not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  $5,000 
for  each  and  every  offence;  every  violation  of  any  such  order,  or  direction,  or  requirement, 
or  of  this  Act,  shall  be  a  separate  and  distinct  offence;  and  in  case  of  a  continuing  viola- 
tion, every  day's  continuance  thereof  shall  be,  and  be  deemed  to  be,  a  separate  and  distinct 
offence."  It  is  also  made  a  misdemeanor  for  the  officer  of  a  corporation  to  violate  the  Act, 
or  to  procure  any  violation  by  any  such  corporation.  Summary  proceedings  in  the  courts 
are  authorized  in  the  case  of  offending  corporations. 

INTERSTATE   TRAFFIC. 

Either  of  the  Commissions  may  investigate  freight  rates  on   Interstate  traffic  on  rail- 
roads   within    the    State,    and    when    such    rates    are.    in    the    opinion    of   either    Commissions, 
excessive   or   discriminatory,    or   are   leviod   or   laid    in    violation    of   the   Tnter-tstate   Commerce 
law,  or  in  conflict  with  the  rulings,  orders  or  regulations  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 


Act  Prohibiting  Money   Contributions.  193 


THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  SERVICE  KCI—ConUnaeO.. 


mission,    the    Commission    concerned    may    apply    by    petition    to    the    Interstate    Commerce 
Commission   for   relief. 

SUPERVISION  OF  GAS  AND  ELECTRICAL  CORPORATIONS. 
Each  Commission  within  its  jurisdiction  is  given  general  supervision  of  all  persons  and 
corporations  having  authority  to  maintain  wires  and  pipes  along  or  under  the  streets  of  a 
municipality  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  or  distributing  gas,  or  of  furnishing  or  trans- 
mitting electricity  for  light,  heat  or  power.  The  Commissions  may  ascertain  the  quality  of 
the  gas  supplied,  examine  the  methods  employed  in  manufacturing  and  supplying  gas  or 
electricity  for  light,  heat  or  power,  and  order  such  improvements  as  will  best  promote  the 
public  interest,  preserve  the  public  health,  and  protect  those  using  such  gas  or  electricity. 
The  Commissions  also  mav  fix  the  standard  of  illuminating  power  and  purity  of  gas.  not 
less  than  that  prescribed  by  law,  to  be  manufactured  or  sold  by  persons,  corporations  or 
municipalities  for  lighting,  heating  or  power  purposes;  prescribe  methods  of  regulation  of 
the  electric  supply  system  as  to  the  use  for  incandescent  lighting;  fix  the  initial  efficiency 
of  incandescent  lamps  furnished  by  the  persons,  corporations  or  municipalities  generating 
and  selling  electric  current  for  lighting,  and  by  order  require  the  gas  so  manufactured  or 
sold  to  equal  the  standard  so  fixed  by  it,  and,  finally,  establish  the  regulations  as  to 
pressure  at  which  gas  shall  be  delivered.  The  Commissions  are  authorized  to  determine  by 
Investigation  whether  or  not  the  gas  sold  is  of  the  purity  and  quality  required.  The  Com- 
missions may  require  the  corporations  manufacturing  gas  and  electricity  to  keep  uniform 
accounts.  The  Commission  is  to  require  every  person  and  corporation  under  its  supervision 
to  submit  to  it  an  annual  report  showing  in  detail  (1)  the  amount  of  Its  authorized  capital 
stock  and  the  amount  thereof  issued  and  outstanding;  (2)  The  amount  of  its  authorized 
bonded  Indebtedness,  and  the  amount  of  its  bonds,  and  other  forms  of  evidence  of  indebted- 
ness issued  and  outstanding;  (3)  its  receipts  and  expenditures  during  the  preceding  year; 
(4)  the  amount  paid  as  dividends  upon  its  stock  and  as  interest  upon  its  bonds;  (5l  the  name 
of,  and  the  amount  paid  as  salary,  to  each  officer,  and  the  amount  paid  as  w-ages  to  its 
employees;  (6)  the  location  of  its  plant,  or  plants,  and  system,  with  a  full  description  of  its 
property  and  franchises,  stating  in  detail  how  each  franchise  stated  to  be  owned  was 
acquired;  and  (7)  such  other  facts  pertaining  to  the  operation  and  maintenance  of  the 
plant  and  system,  and  the  affairs  of  such  person  or  corporation  as  may  be  required  by 
the  Commission.  Any  corporation  which  shall  neglect  to  make  such  a  report  is  made  liable 
to  a  penalty  of  $100,  and  an  additional  penalty  of  .$100  for  each  day  after  the  prescribed 
time  for  which  it  shall  neglect  to  file  the  same.  Every  municipality  engaged  in  opei'ating 
any  works  or  systems  for  the  manufacture  and  supplying  of  gas  or  electricity  is  to  be 
required  to  make  an  annual  report  to  the  Commission  showing  in  detail  (1)  the  amount  of 
its  authorized  bonded  indebtedness,  and  the  amount  of  its  bonds  and  other  forms  of  evidence 
of  indebtedness  issued  and  outstanding  for  lighting  purposes;  (2)  its  receipts  and  expendi- 
tures during  the  preceding  year;  (3i  the  amount  paid  as  interest  upon  its  bonds  and  upon 
other  forms  of  evidence  of  indebtedness;  (4)  the  name  of  and  the  amount  paid  to  each  person 
receiving  a  yearly  or  monthly  salary,  and  the  amount  paid  as  wages  to  employees;  (5)  the 
location  of  its  plant  and  system,  with  a  full  description  of  the  property;  and  (6)  such  other 
facts  pertaining  to  the  operation  and  maintenance  of  the  plant  and  system  as  may  be 
required  by  the   Commission. 

INSPECTION  OF  GAS  AND  ELECTRIC   METERS. 

Each  Commission  is  to  appoint  inspectors  , of  gas  and  electric  meters,  who  are  to  inspect-, 
examine,  prove  and  ascertain  the  accuracy  or  any  and  all  gas  meters  used  or  intended  to 
be  used  for  measuring,  or  ascertaining  the  quantity  of  illuminating  or  fuel  gas  or  natural 
gas  furnished  by  any  gas  corporation  to  or  for  the  use  of  any  person,  and  any  and  all 
electric  meters  used  or  intended  to  be  used  for  measuring  and  ascertaining  the  quantity  of 
electric  current  furnished  for  light,  heat  and  power  by  any  electrical  corporation  to  or  for 
the  use  of  any  person  or  persons.  The  law  says  that  "No  corporation  or  person  shall 
furnish  or  put  in  use  any  gas  meter  which  shall  not  have  been  inspected,  proved  and 
sealed,  or  any  electric  meter  which  shall  not  have  been  inspected,  approved,  stamped  or 
marked  by  an  inspector  of  the  Commission."  The  law  also  says  that  "No  gas  corporation 
or  electrical  corporation  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  this  or  any  other  State  shall  begin 
construction,  or.  exercise  any  right  or  privilege  under  any  franchise  hereafter  granted,  or 
under  any  franchise  heretofore  granted,  but  not  heretofore  actually  exercised,  without  first 
having  obtained  the  permission  and  approval  of  the  proper  Commission."  The  law  further 
says:  "No  municipality  shall  build,  maintain  and  operate  for  other  than  municipal  purposes 
any  works  or  system  for  the  manufacture  and  supplving  of  gas  or  electricity  for  lighting 
purposes  without  a  certificate  of  authority  granted  by  the  Commission." 


FROM    CORPORATIONS    FOR   POLITICAL    PURPOSES. 

Be  It  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  m  Congress  assembled.  That  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  anv  national  bank,  or  any 
corporation  organized  by  authjority  of  any  laws  of  Congress,  to  make  a  money  contribution 
In  connection  with  any  election  to  any  political  office.  It  shall  also  be  unlawful  for  any 
corporation  whatever  to  make  a  money  contribution  in  connection  with  any  electioii  at 
which  Presidential  and  Vice-Presidential  electors,  or  a  Representative  In  Congress,  is  to 
be  voted  for.  or  any  election  by  any  State  Legislature  of  a  United  States  Senator.  Every 
corporation  which  shall  make  any  contribution  in  violation  of  the  foregoing  provisions  shall 
De  subject  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  .$5,000,  and  every  officer  or  director  of  anv  corporation 
Who  shall  consent  to  any  contribution  by  the  corporation  in  violation  of  the  foregoing  pro- 
visions shall,  upon  conviction,  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  exceeding  $1,000  and  not  less 
tnan  $250  or  by  Imprisonment  for  a  term  of  not  more  than  one  year,  or  both,  such  fine 
and  imprisonment  in  the  discretion  of  the  court.— Passed  by  CtonfrresfiJanitaj-i/,  26, 1907. 


194  State  Legislation  in  1901  > 

<Stau  ILefiislatiou  in  1907. 

The  following  statement  of  the  more  important  legislation  effected  by  State  Legisla- 
tures in  1907  is  a  summary  compiled,  by  permission,  from  the  appendix  to  the  address 
of  the  Hon.  Alton  B.  Parker,  of  New  York,  president  of  the  American  Bar  Association, 
at  the  annual  meeting,  held  at  Portland,  Me..  August  26,  1907.  Forty-four  State  and 
Territorial  Legislatures  were  in  session  during  the  yeax*. 

Not  only  an  unusually  large  number  ef  States  held  sessions  during  the  past  year, 
but  the  bulk  of  legislation  in  each  State  is  also  decidedly  greater.  Contrasted  with 
the  thin  pamphlets,  which  several  years  ago  contained  all  the  laws  enacted  m  many  or 
the  States  the  volumes  of  the  laws  of  1907  appear  massive,  contammg  m  North  Carolina 
1.019  chapters,  and  in  Maine  874  chapters  covering  1,518  octavo  pages.  Of  course  in 
States  where  such  bulky  legislation  is  found,  the  system  ot  special  laws  lor  the 
incorporation  of  companies  and   municipalities  still  prevails.  ,     .     .        - 

State  Government  and  Elections.— The  general  unrest  and  desire  for  change 
in  political  conditions  is  probably  responsible  for  an  agitation  for  alteration  in  State 
constitutions.  During  the  past  year  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut  adopted  by  resolution 
an  entirely  new  constitution  which  is  to  be  submitted  to  the  people  of  that  State.  Following 
the  mandate  of  the  people  of  the  State  as  expressed  last  year,  the  present  Legislature 
of  Michigan  provided  for  a  convention  to  revise  the  constitution.  No  other  States 
have  new  constitutions,  but  the  desire  for  change  was  seen  in  a  large  number  of  individual 
amendments  which  were  adopted  by  Legislatures  this  year  and  which  are  to  be  presented 
to   the  people   for  ratification  at  the  next   elections.  ^,        ~ 

In  most  of  the  States  the  seat  of  government  is  permanently  fixed.  It  was,  therefore, 
somewhat  surprising  to  find  in  as  old  a  State  as  California  an  act  of  the  last  Legislature 
changing  the  capital  from  Sacramento  to  Berkeley,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  voters 
of   the   State. 

An  example  of  the  general  distrust  of  persons  connected  with  public  service  corpora- 
tions, particularly  railroad  companies,  was  found  in  the  action  of  the  "Wisconsin  Legisla- 
ture in  prohibiting  district  and  city  attorneys  and  judicial  officers  in  that  State  from 
being  emploved  by  any  common  carrier. 

The  agitation  for  the  improvement  of  civil  service  and  the  removal  of  offices 
from  the  control  of  partisan  influence  is  gradually  spreading.  Colorado  provided  for  a  civil 
service  commission,  which  is  to  classify  offices,  conduct  examinations,  and  certify  appoint- 
ments to  fill  vacancies.     The  law  applies  quite  generally  to  appointive  State  officers. 

Lojti-islative  Ilriljery.— The  laws  governing  bribery  were  this  year  made  applicable 
to  State  officers  and  members  of  the  Legislature  by  an  act  of  Minnesota,  which  includes 
In  such  bribery  the  receiving  or  agreeing  to  receive  any  promise  or  agreement  Avhereby 
his  vote  or  action  is  to  be  influenced,  and  specifically  prohibits  the  giving  of  a  vote  in  any 
manner  in  consideration  that  another  member  of  the  Legislature  votes  in  a  particular 
manner  either  upon  the  same  or  another  question. 

The  vocation  of  those  persons  who  appear  before  Legislatures  to  advocate  the 
promotion  or  defeat  of  legislation  was  restricted  in  many  ways.  The  registration  of 
all  lobbyists,  except  those  who  appear  only  before  committees,  and  the  filing  of  expense 
accounts  by  those  registered,  was  required  by  Missouri.  In  Florida  any  member  of  a 
committee  may  require  that  any  person  appearing  before  it  state  under  oath  the  interest 
which  he  represents  and  whether  or  not  he  has  been  paid  or  promised  any  fee  for  his 
services.  Idaho,  Nebraska  and  South  Dakota  prohibited  any  person  employed  for  the 
purpose  of  influencing  legislation  to  do  so.  except  before  the  regular  committees  of  the 
Legislature,  or  a  meeting  of  the  Legislature  itself,  or  by  written  or  printed  arguments 
presented  to  such  committees  or  to  the  Legislature. 

A  growing  distrust  of  Legislatures  evidenced  itself  in  vai-ious  directions.  No  member 
of  the  Legislature  under  a  new  law  of  Idaho  can  be  appointed  during  the  term  for 
which  he  is  elected  to  an  office  created  by  the  Legislature  of  which  he  is  a  member. 
This  distrust  is  probably  responsible  for  the  movement  in  favor  of  the  initiative  and 
the  referendum.  The  Legislatures  of  Missouri  and  North  Dakota  adopted  constitutional 
amendments,  subject  to  the  ratification  of  the  voters  at  the  next  general  election, 
covering   these   subjects. 

An  act  in  Montana  carried  out  the  recent  constitutional  amendment  providing 
for  the  initiative  and  referendum.  Under  this  act  a  bill  proposed  by  an  initiative  petition 
is  submitted  directly  to  popular  vote.  The  same  would  seem  to  be  true  under  the  proposed 
amendment   to  the  Missouri   constitution. 

Taxation  and  Finance.— In  California  an  elaborate  constitutional  amendment 
recognized  the  principle  of  the  separation  of  State  and  local  taxes,  Imposed  taxes  upon 
public  service  companies,  insurance  companies,  banlcs  and  trust  companies,  and  provided 
that    franchises    shall    be    exclusively    for    the    use    of   the    State. 

The  modern  recognition  of  the  difficulty  of  this  subject  and  the  need  for  expert 
assistance  in  the  framing  and  administration  of  tax  laws  appeared  in  the  creation  of  tax 
commissions.  Their  duties  in  general  are  to  supervise  the  assessment  and  collection  of 
taxes;  to  confer  with  the  different  local  tax  officers;  to  assess  property  of  certain  corpora- 
tions which  the  law  requires  to  be  assessed  as  a  unit  by  the  State;  to  act  as  a  State  board 
of  equalization;  to  collect  information  relating  to  the  subject  of  taxation,  and  to  recom- 
mend Improvements  in  the  tax  laws  of  the  State.  The  year  saw  the  creation  of  such 
commissions  in  Alabama,  Kansas  and  Minnesota.  In  North  Carolina  the  Board  of  Cor- 
poration Commissioners  was  also  made  a  Board  of  Tax  Commissioners  with  general 
powers  over  taxation.  In  New  Hampshire  a  tax  commission  of  three  persons  for  one 
year  was  provided  with  the  object  of  studying  the  question  of  taxation  and  reporting 
thereon  to  the  Legislature.  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee  made  a  general  revision 
of  their  tax  laws. 

Railroad,  express,  sleeping  car.  teleph6ne,  telegraph,  and  other  similar  companies  were 
as  usual  the  subject  of  considerable  tax  legislation.  A  method  whlcn  has  been  in  use  for 
a  number  of  years  is  that  of  a  percentage  tax  upon  the  gross  earnings  of  such  companies. 
This  plan  was  extended  this  year  to  freight  line  and  sleeping  car  companies  In  Minnesota 
and  in  Washington,  to  the  taxation  of  private  car  companies  and  express  companies. 
Jn  Kansas  a  new  law  taxed  express  companies  a  percentage  on  gross  receipts  In  addition 


State  Legislation  in  1907.  195 

STATE  LEGISLATION  IN  19(»T— C^n/mwecZ, 


to  the  regular  tax  on  tangible  property.  Also  the  new  general  tax  law  of  North  Carolina 
provided  for  what  is  called  a  privilege  tax  on  railroads,  express,  telegraph  and  telephone 
companies,  which,  in  the  case  of  railroads  is  a  graduated  tax  per  mile,  depending  on 
the  earnings,  and  in  the  case  of  the  other  companies,  a  percentage  tax  on  the  gross 
receipts.  The  proposed  amendment  to  the  constitution  of  California  subjects  all  public 
service  corporations  to  a  tax  upon  the  gross  receipts  at  percentages  fixed  in  the  constitu- 
tion. It  also  provides  that  the  provision  shall  be  self-executing,  so  that  no  laws  are 
needed  to  carry  it   into  effect. 

Another  and  more  recent  method  of  taxing  these  companies  is  by  assessment  by 
some  State  board  and  by  a  tax  on  such  assessment  at  the  rate  paid  by  the  general 
property  in  the  State.  The  j-ear  saw  it  applied  to  express  companies  by  Massachusetts, 
Iowa  and  New  Hampshire,  and  to  sleeping  car.  dining  and  parlor  car  companies  by 
New  Hampshire.  In  North  Carolina  railroads,  express,  freight  line,  telephone,  telegraph 
and  other  similar  companies  are  to  be  assessed  by  a  State  board,  but  the  value  of  the 
property  is  apportioned  among  the  local  units  taxed  at  the  local  rates.  The  same^  method 
was  adopted  by  Washington  in  the  case  of  railroad  and  telegraph  companies,  and  by 
South  Dakota  in  the  case  of  railroad  companies.  Under  the  Alabama  act  of  1007  the 
tax  commission  assesses  the  value  of  the  intangible  property  of  public  service  corporations, 
which  are  then  taxed  locally  by  the  various  units.  Nebraska  went  still  further  in  the 
direction  of  local  taxation  by  an  act  subjecting  the  property  of  railroad  companies,  union 
depot  companies,  car  companies  and  freight  line  companies,  to  assessment  by  the  cities 
and  villages  through  which  they  run.  A  somewhat  peculiar  method  of  taxation  is  found 
in  Vermont  and  Florida;  express  companies  in  the  former  State  being  taxed  eight  dollars 
per  mile  of  route,  and  railroad  companies,  in  the  latter  State,  ten  dollars  per  mile.  In  the 
latter  State  the  railroad  companies  are  subject  also  to  local   taxation. 

As  illustrating  the  efforts  made  to  secure  taxation  of  the  franchises  of  corporations, 
we  find  during  the  year  Alabama  and  Arkansas  requiring  a  franchise  tax  froni  foreign 
corporations,  based  upon  the  amount  of  capital,  and  North  Carolina  providing  for  a 
franchise  tax  on  the  capital  of  all  corporations,  together  with  an  ad  valorem  assessment  of 
corporations   by   the   State  board  with   local   taxation. 

Income  Tax. — The  difficulties  which  surround  the  proper  assessment  of  an  income 
tax  have  prevented  its  general  adoption.  The  revision  of  the  tax  law  of  North  Carolina 
provided  for  such  a  tax,  which  is  levied  on  all  incomes  in  excess  of  one  thousand  dollars, 
where  the  income  is  derived  from  property  not  taxed.  The  rate  upon  t-he  excess  over 
the  exemption  is  one  per  cent.  In  South  Dakota  the  people  will,  at  the  next  election,  vote 
on  a  constitutional   amendment  to  cover  this  question. 

Ttilieritance  Tax.— The  taxation  of  inheritances  is  becoming  very  general,  and  this 
year  laws  provided  for  direct  and  collateral  inheritance  taxes  in  Massachusetts,  Idaho,  and 
North  Carolina,  and  for  a  collateral  inheritance  tax  in  Texas.  The  last  Legislature  of  South 
Dakota   adopted   a  resolution   for   a   constitutional   amendment   in   this   field. 

Crimes  and  Misdemeanors. — Morality  received  considerable  attention  from  the 
Legislators  of  the  year.  The  passage  '^f  laws  like  that  of  Montana  regulating  advertising, 
the  prohibition  of  bucket  shops  in  Connecticut.  Indiana,  Iowa.  Maine,  Massachusetts, 
Nebraska,  Michigan.  Pennsylvania  and  Texas,  with  the  power  to  cities  to  prohibit  this 
species  of  gambling  in  Minnesota,  the  dealing  in  "futures"  as  prohibited  in  Alabama, 
Georgia.  South  Carolina  and  Florida,  the  prohibition  of  pool-selling  upon  horse  racing 
in  Tennessee  and  Arkansas,  the  prohibition  of  gambling  in  New  Mexico  and  South 
Dakota,  and  the  prohibition  of  houses  for  opium  smoking  in  Connecticut,  all  indicate 
the  careful  supervision  of  the  modern  State  over  the  morals  of  its  citizens. 

Pennsylvania  and  Illinois  prohibited  the  use  of  the  United  States  flag  for  advertising 
purposes,  and  California  punishes  the  unauthorized  ■w*earing-  of  State  or  L^nited  States 
uniforrris. 

Charities  and  Corrections.— The  care  of  the  insane  has  long  been  a  recognized 
function  of  the  American  State.  That  the  obligation  of  the  State  is  not  postponed  until 
a  person  is  insane  in  the  strict  sense  of  the  term,  but  begins  much  earlier,  was  this 
year  seen  in  legislation  like  that  of  Minnesota,  which  provides  a  hospital  farm  for 
inebriates,  and  in  the  law  of  Kansas,  which  provides  that  not  only  may  guardians  be 
appointed  for  those  who  are  Insane,  but  also  for  the  feeble-minded,  those  addicted  to 
the  use  of  drugs,  and  habitual  drunkards.  Maine,  Oregon,  and  Rhode  Island  this  year 
followed   the  example   of  many  States  by  the  creation  of  schools  for  the  feeble-minded. 

Many  laws  relate  to  the  child  as  a  criminal  and  recognize  that  as  such  he  is  not  to  be 
treated  as  an  adult.  As  the  latest  expression  of  this  principle  of  the  treatment  of  the 
youthful  criminal,  juvenile  courts,  either  in  the  form  of  separate  courts  or  in  special 
sessions  of  the  regular  criminal  courts,  were  provided  during  the  year  in  Alabama,  Mis- 
souri. Montana,  Michigan,  Oregon  and  Texas.  As  part  of  this  movement  for  the 
supervision  of  children  a  law  of  New  York  provided  for  a  State  probation  commission, 
which   is  to  have  general  charge  of  the  work  of  all  probation   officers. 

That  reformation  of  a  convicted  criminal  is  always  possible  is  the  theory  upon  which 
rests  laws  of  the  past  year  like  those  of  Arizona,  Iowa  and  Washington,  for  indeter- 
minate sentences,  and  for  the  suspension  of  sentence  or  parole  of  prisoners  as  provided  In 
Indiana,   Kansas,   Montana,   North  Dakota,   South  Dakota,   Illinois  and  Wisconsin. 

A  somewhat  novel  method  of  securing  reformation  of  criminals  is  found  in  an  act 
of  the  Legislature  of  Michigan,  where  persons  convicted  of  intoxication  take  a  pledge 
for  a  period  not  exceeding  one  j-ear,  and  during  that  time  the  judge  may  suspend  the 
sentence.  If  it  appears  at  any  time  that  the  prisoner  is  not  keeping  the  pledge  the 
sentence  may  then  be  executed. 

In  Indiana,  however,  the  Legislature  evidently  believed  that  the  time  within  which 
reform  in  a  prisoner  may  be  expected  is  limited.  An  act  provided  that  upon  the  third 
conviction  for  a  felony  the  criminal  shall  be  deemed  an  habitual  criminal  and  may  be 
Imprisoned    for   life. 

Another  application  of  this  theory  and  of  the  importance  of  heredity  appeared  in  a 
law  of  the  same  State  providing  that  upon  the  advice  of  two  skilled  physicians  criminals 
or   imbeciles   whose   physical   and   mental   condition   is   such   as    to   render   inadvisable   the 


196  State  Legislation  i7i  1907. 

STATE  LEGISLATION  IN  1907— Con///u«:d.  ' 

■  -  -  -     ■  ■  -  .    -  ■   .  —  -  .  —     .  -  ■ -- 

continuance    of    the    type,    an    operation    for    the    sterilization    of   such    person    may    be    per' 
formed. 

Initiative  antl  Referendimi. — The  initiative  and  referendum  are  receiving  con- 
siderable attention  both  as  applied  to  State  and  local  affairs.  It  has  long  been  customary 
to  refer  certain  laws  for  the  government  of  municipalities  to  referendum  vote  of  theii 
inhabitants,  and  a  number  of  acts  of  the  year,  like  those  adopting  the  commission 
system  of  government  and  the  new  charter  for  Chicago,  are  not  to  talie  effect  until 
thus  voted  on.  The  regular  initiative  and  referendum  as  applied  to  local  affairs, 
including  the  right  of  the  voters  to  frame  and  adopt  ordinances  independently  of  the 
action  of  the  council,  and  to  i-equire  that  an  act  of  the  council  be  submitted  to  popular 
vote  before  it  becomes  effective,  are  found  in  the  new  law  of  Montana  and  in  the  Iowa 
and  South  Dakota  acts  for  the  commission  system.  Nearly  all  of  the  city  charters  adopted 
by  the  California  cities  under  the  home  rule  provisions  in  that  State  provide  for  the 
initiative  .and  referendum.  Many  of  th<?  same  considerations  which  affect  this  method 
of  legislation  as  applied  to  State  affairs  affect  also  its  operation  in  municipalities,  but 
of  course  the  smaller  the  unit  the  belter  will  a  system  of  purely  democratic  government 
operate. 

In  11)03  a  feature  of  local  government  known  as  the  "recall"  was  adopted  for  the 
first  time  in  this  country  for  the  City  of  Los  Angeles.  At  the  next  session  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Legislature  the  system  was  adopted  for  other  cities.  During  1907  it  was  applied 
to  persons  elected  from  wards  under  a  new  charter  for  cities  of  the  second  class  in 
Washington.  In  this  charter,  however,  instead  of  the  25  per  cent,  of  voters  which  is 
sometimes  required  for  the  vacation  of  an  office,  three-fifths  of  the  voters  of  a  ward 
luust  petition  for  the  recall  of  a  member  of  the  council.  The  Iowa  commission  plan 
embodies  this  same  idea  upon  a  2.5  per  cent,  petition  of  the  voters.  In  each  case  a  new 
election  is  held  to  which  the  person  who  has  been  recalled  is  eligible  for  re-election.  Six 
of  the  city  charters  adopted  in  California  by  the  cities  themselves  under  the  plan  in 
vogue  in  that  State  provide  for  the  recall  of  city  officers,  the  percentage  necessary  to 
initiate  a  movement  being  25  per  cent,  in  four  of  the  cities  and  40  per  cent,  in  the  others. 
Mnnieipal  O^vnership. — Acts  allowing  cities  to  own  and  operate  variotis  forms 
of  public  services  are  part  of  the  movement  for  municipal  ownership.  While  the  legis- 
lation does  not  indicate  any  general  consensus  of  opinion  as  to  the  general  success  of  this 
principle,  it  shows  legislative  willingness  to  allow  cities  to  undertake  such  projects  if 
they  see  fit,  placing  upon  the  municipality  the  burden  of  determining  whether  it  is 
profitable  or  not.  There  were  a  large  number  of  acts  of  the  past  year  which  relate  to 
this  subject,  most  of  them  covering  the  ordinary  objects  of  municipal  ownership,  such 
as  water  works,  lighting  plants,  «S:c.  The  most  important  part  of  these  was  the  Chicago 
charter  which  allowed  municipal  ownership  of  all  public  utilities.  Some  noteworthy 
extensions  of  the  idea  are  found  in  acts  of  the  Wisconsin  Legislature  which  allow  cities 
of  the  first  class  (of  which  Milwaukee  is  the  only  example)  to  acquire  and  own  railway 
terminals  and  to  lease  them  to  railways  desiring  to  enter  the  city.  South  Dakota  pro- 
vided for  the  municipal  ownership  of  telephones.  Limitations  upon  the  tax  rate  of  cities 
have  sometimes  stood  In  the  way  of  municipal  ownership,  but  the  Legislature  of  Wis- 
consin attempted  to  get  around  this  difficulty  by  providing  for  the  purchase  of  public 
utilities  from  the  proceeds  of  certificates  which  are  a  lien  only  upon  the  property 
purchased. 

Edncation.— Compulsory  education  of  children  is  becoming  quite  universal  through- 
out the  country.  During  the  past  year  Washington  enacted  a  law  which  requires  such 
education  between  the  ages  of  eight  and  fifteen,  while  the  ages  are  fixed  at  nine  and 
fourteen  in  Oregon  and  at  seven  to, sixteen  in  Michigan.  Compulsory  education  of  Indian 
children  was  also  provided  in  a  new  law  of  South  Dakota.  Laws  enacted  during  the  year 
in  both  Michigan  and  South  Dakota  require  all  deaf  and  blind  cljildren  to  receive  a  certain 
minimum   education. 

The  low  standard  of  salaries  in  the  profession  of  teaching,  and  particularly  among 
the  common  schools  is  well  known.  As  long  as  teachers  can  be  obtained  for  the  small 
remuneration  for  which  they  are  willing  to  serve  in  the  lower  schools  it  is  perhaps  too 
much  to  expect  that  school  boards  will  voluntarily  increase  the  wages  paid.  Indiana  this 
year  attempted  to  meet  this  in  a  measure  by  establishing  a  minimum  salary  for  teachers 
in  lower  schools.  By  the  Legislature  in  the  same  State  and  in  Illinois  provision  was 
made  for  pensions  for  teachers  in  cities  having  over  100,000  population.  In  the  former 
State  the  maximum  pension  is  $G00  a  year,  based  upon  a  service  of  forty  j-ears  as  a 
teacher,  while  for  a  lesser  service  the  pension  is  proportionately  reduced.  Rhode  Island 
this  year  passed  a  general  act  for  pensioning  teachers,  based  upon  thirty-five  years' 
service,  at  one-half  of  the  annual  salary  received  during  the  last  five  years,  with  a 
maximum   of  $l(X>. 

Anti-Trust  Larrs.— California,  Indiana  and  North  Dakota  enacted  general  anti- 
trust laws  during  the  year.  Each  violation  of  the  California  law  is  considered  a  sep- 
arate offense,  and  a  penalty  of  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $50  nor  more  than  $5,000,  or 
imprisonment  for  not  less  than  six  months  nor  more  than  one  year,  or  both  such  fine 
and  imprisonment,  are  provided.  It  Is  sufficient  to  prove  that  the  defendant  belonged 
to  the  trust  or  acted  with  it,  without  proving  that  all  the  parties  belonged  to  It  or 
proving  any  agreement  among  them.  Perhaps  the  mo.=5t  interesting  provision  is  the  one 
that  "the  character  of  the  trust  or  combination  alleged  may  be  established  by  proof  . 
of  its  general  reputation  as  such."  Persons  injured  in  business  by  a  trust  may  sue  for 
double  damages. 

The  new  Indiana  statute  Is  not  as  elaborate  as  the  California  law,  but  includes  in  its 
division  of  trusts  any  agreement  or  design  to  deny  or  refuse  to  any  person  or  persons 
full  participation  on  equal  terms  with  others  in  any  telegraphic  service  transmitting 
matter  prepared  or  intended  for  public  use. 

The  North  Dakota  law  of  this  year  was  very  similar  to  that  of  California.  It 
provided  that  no  purchaser  of  any  article  from  any  individual  or  corporation  violating 
the  act  shall  be  liable  for  the  price  of  such  article,  and  may  plead  the  act  as  a  defense 
to  any  suit  for  such  price. 

Some  States  are  not  content  with  general  anti-trust  lawsj  but  have  selected  par- 
ticular   combinations   for   destruction   and   prohibition.     Among   these   enacted    during   the 


State  Legislation  in  1907.  197 

STATE  LEGISLATION  IN  19Q1— Continued. 

past  year  was  one  in  Iowa  prohibiting  combinations  for  the  sale  of  grain,  and  one  in 
Nebraska  forbidding  combinations  between  bridge  contractors.  Adjoining  States  find 
dangers   in   combinations   in   very   diverse   subjects. 

North  Carolina  enacted  a  law  prohibiting  various  acts  of  combination  or  discrimina- 
tion. The  North  Carolina  act  prohibits  the  injury  of  the  business  of  a  rival  for  the 
purpose  of  fixing  the  price  of  a  commodity,  and  makes  it  unlawful  for  any  person  or 
corporation  which  controls  50  per  cent,  of  an  article  within  the  State,  to  raise  or  lower 
the  price  of  an  article  for  the  purpose  of  driving  opponents  out  of  business,  selling  any 
article  at  a  place  where  there  is  competition  at  a  lower  price  than  is  charged  for  the 
same  thing  at  any  place  without  sufficient  reason  and  with  the  intention  of  injuring 
another's   business. 

Arkansas.  Missouri,  South  Dakota,  Minnesota  and  North  Dakota  passed  laws  aimed 
at  discrimination  between  different  parts  of  the  State  by  selling  any  commodity  at  a 
lower  rate  in  one  place  than  is  charged  in  another  place,  after  due  allowance  is  made 
for  difference  in  quality  and  in  cost  of  transportation.  Tennessee  passed  an  act  which 
prohibits  the  selling  at   less  than  cost  for  the  purpose  of  destroying  competition. 

An  act  of  Tennessee,  which  apparently  is  intended  to  legalize  contracts  which  might 
otherwise  be  objectionable  because  of  their  monopolistic  character  is  of  considerable 
interest.  It  provided  that  persons  engaged  in  farming  may  make  contracts  with  ware- 
housemen and  merchants  whereby  they  agree  to  plant,  cultivate  and  harv^est  for  a  period 
not  exceeding  three  years  any  particular  crop.  Such  persons  may  appoint  the  persons 
v/ith  whom  they  contract  as  their  agents  and  may  invest  such  agents  with  authority  to 
determine  when  and  at  what  price  the  farm  products  shall  be  sold,  and  provide  that 
such  farm  products  shall  not  be  sold  by  the  owner  independently. 

Corporations.— The  Legislature  of  Texas,  which  was  prolific  in  new  ideas  for 
the  regulation  of  various  subjects,  evidently  did  not  believe  in  the  existence  of  treasury 
stock,  as  it  required  that  in  all  corporations  50  per  cent,  must  be  paid  in  before  the 
corporation  can  do  business,  and  the  remainder  within  two  years  under  penalty  of 
forfeiture  of  the  charter.  Provision  was.  however,  made  for  reduction  of  the  capital 
stock  if  the  remainder  cannot  be  obtained  within  the   time   limited. 

The  very  common  use  of  preferred  stock  was  recognized  by  a  law  of  1907  of 
California,  but  the  ordinary  use  of  this  stock  as  merely  another  form  of  security  will 
be  largely  prevented  by  a  provision  of  the  act  which  prohibits  any  distinction  between 
the  classes  of  stock  as  to  voting  power. 

One  of  the  troublesome  features  of  the  ordinary  corporation  has  been  the  position  of 
*il®  mmority  stockholder,  who  has  his  money  invested,  but  is  unable  to  exercise  any 
ettective  control  over  the  affairs  of  the  corporation.  Indiana  tried  to  remedy  the  situa- 
tion somewhat_  by  providing  that  minority  stockholders  who  vote  against  a  change  in 
the  articles  of  incorporation  may  compel  the  corporation  to  purchase  their  stock  at  a  figure 
named  by  appraisers.  Under  a  new  law  of  Tennessee  the  minority  stockholders,  in  case' 
ot    a    sf.le    of     the    corporate    property,     may    require    that     their    stock    be     valued     and 


,-,..„^^*"''^'*^^*T^®r    Jersey,    in    1907,    took    an    important    step   relating    to   directors    of 
l^^'^l^"^®   95^^PA"\®^.,-^y   P''0'^'iding  that   in   every   stock   life   insurance   company   there   shall 


beTm  tp/  tn  .  n!  ff^^^'^f  ^^^  °^.^5^  compensation,  and  that  agreements  for  compensation 
DalioTa  nIw  t™^J''  ?  r^^  •  P®'\°.1- t,.^"^^  provisions  were  made  in  North  Dakota.  South 
Sl?riP«  nSr^«^nnn^'  ^"'"^^s.  Michigan  and  Tennessee,  while  the  requirement  that 
rhf.itt..  ^Z  $r>;000  must  be  authorized  by  the  board  were  made  in  Missouri,  Massa- 
Dakota  Masc,n?wpn«-  n^,"^'*"^^  ^°^"(?  Insurance  officers  were  prohibited  in  North 
fonnd   I'ri  T^tlf^,^^,  ^••T,^°^°''ff°.   fJ^'l    ^^^^  The     most    radical     restrictions    are 

romnpnl«Hnl  ?^^'e'''''J'"^  provided  that  no  life  insurance  company  which  pays  a  salary  or 
fn  thn^iti"  ^w-  ^^^'l^es  amounting  to  $60,000  a  year  shall  be  allowed  to  do  business 
d^mp^ttrt/f;  ,-3?^^"^'''  provided  that  no  salary  of  over  $25,000  shall  be  allowed  in  any 
domestic  life  insurance  company  unless  approved  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  policy-holders. 
,.T,„c;rf»  1^^^°*^'  ^^^^^  P^^^^^-  West  Virginia.  Wisconsin,  New  Jersey  and  Massa- 
^^^^a»  ;  ^"^K-*^^^  °^   ^°*^    participating    and    non-participating    policies    by    the    same 

company     was     forbidden      An     annual     accounting     to     the     policy-holders,     showing     the 


policy-holder  his  share  of  such  surplus.  In  the  same  State  it  is  also  required  that  the 
surplus  due  the  policy-holders  must  be  shown  as  well  as  the  method  of  declaring  dividends. 
^  +  In  Minnesota  a  law  was  passed  restricting,  in  accordance  with  the  net  value  of  the 
outstanding  policies,  the  surplus  which  any  company  can  accumulate.  Very  similar  laws 
were  also  enacted  by  Montana  and  North  Dakota. 

A  ^T^"il^^^  '1^*^.  insurance  policy  forms  were  provided  by  the  Legislatures  of  Minnesota 
ana  North  Dakota.  Certain  matters  were  prohibited,  such  as  special  limitations  for 
actions  upon  the  policies,  for  forfeitures  and  for  settlements.  Such  requirements  are 
found  in  the  laws  of  Illinois.  Colorado,  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey  and  Tennessee.  Special 
acts  which  provided  that  the  policy  must  contain  the  whole  contract  were  passed  this 
^^^^ni?  Tennessee.   Michigan,  Minnesota.   Montana,   New  Hampshire  and  North  Dakota. 

The    misrepresentation    of    the    provisions    of    life    insurance    policies    or    the    affairs    of 
Xm  company  wa-.s  made  punishable  by  Jaws  enactecj  aurin^  the  year  in  Iowa,   Minnesota, 


198  State  Legislation  in  1907. 


STATE  LEGISLATION  IN  1^01— Continued, 


Missouri,  Montana,  North  Dakota,  Wisconsin,  New  Jersey,  Massachusetts,  Tennessee, 
Illinois,  Michigan  and  Colorado.  On  the  other  hand,  misrepresentation  in  securing  the 
policy  was  made  a  misdemeanor  by  Maine.  Arizona  and  Kansas  provided  that  the  mis- 
representation in  securing  a  policy  shall  not  render  it  void  unless  the  subject  of  such 
representations   contributed  to  the  contingency   which   made  the  policy  payable. 

A  provision  which  is  found  in  a  great  number  of  the  laws  in  almost  precisely  the 
same  form  is  that  which  makes  the  agent  who  secures  a  policy  the  agent  of  the  company 
and  not  that  of  the  insured.  Laws  to  this  effect  were  enacted  this  year  in  Indiana, 
Minnesota,  Missouri,  Montana,  New  Hampshire,  North  Carolina,  North  Dakota,  West 
Virginia,  New  Jersey,  Tennessee  and  Michigan.  Under  new  laws  of  Wisconsin  and 
Tennessee   corporations   are  not  allowed   to  act   as   agents   for  insurance   companies. 

An  unusual  step  was  taken  by  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  in  allowing  savings 
banks  to  establish  life  insurance  departments.  These  departments  are  to  be  conducted 
separately  from  the  savings  departments  and  the  assets  of  the  latter  are  not  applicable  to 
the  payment  of  death  claims. 

Railronds. — Railroad  commissions  have  been  growing  in  favor  during  recent  years, 
and  may  be  considered  as  the  accepted  method  of  dealing  with  these  corporations.  During 
1907  commissions  for  the  regulation  of  railways  were  created  in  Alabama.  Colorado,  Mon- 
tana. Nebraska,  Pennsylvania,  Vermont.  New  Jersey,  Oregon  and  Michigan,  while  very 
substantial  revisions  were  made  in  the  laws  for  commissions  in  Indiana,  New  York  and 
Georgia. 

The  typical  Railway  Commission  law,  as  Is  found  in  the  legislation  of  the  past  year, 
followed  to  a  very  considerable  extent  the  Interstate  Commerce  law  with  its  various 
amendments.  Public  schedules  or  rates  are  required,  deviation  from  schedules  is  pro- 
hibited, rebates  and  discriminations  between  shippers  are  punished,  and  general  super- 
visory power  over  the  railroads  is  given  to  the  commissions.  With  these  general  resem- 
blances, certain  points  have  been  noted  of  particular  importance,  wherein  the  laws  differ. 
Elective  commissions  are  provided  in  Alabama,  Colorado,  Montana,  Oregon,  Georgia 
and  Nebraska,  while  in  the  otxier  States  the  commissioners  are  appointed  by  the  Governor. 
Power  to  regulate  rates  either  upon  complaint  or  hearing  or  after  an  investigation  upon 
the  commissions'  own  motion,  is  found  in  all  laws  just  referred  to  except  New  Jersey 
and  Pennsylvania.  In  Montana  and  Nebraska,  not  only  may  the  commissions  act  upon 
complaint,  but  they  are  required  as  soon  as  possible,  to  make  and  put  into  effect  a  general 
schedule   of  i-ates   for   the   railways   of   the   State. 

Power  over  the  classification  of  freight  was  given  the  commission  in  Alabama,  Oregon, 
Michigan  and  Indiana,  while  the  mandatory  provision  of  the  laws  of  Montana  and 
Nebraska,  relating  to  the  making  of  rates,  also  apply  to  the  question  of  classification. 
Service  furnished  by  the  railroad  companies  may  be  regulated  under  the  new  laws  of 
Alabama,  Colorado,  New  Jersey,  Oregon,  Michigan,  Indiana  and  New  York.  A  peculiar 
provision  in  the  law  of  Michigan  allows  fifty  freeholders  of  any  municipality,  to  petition 
the  commission  for  better  railroad  facilities  and  allows  the  commission,  after  a  hearing, 
to  order  the  company  to  furnish   the  facilities  required. 

Nearly  all  of  the  laws  creating  railway  commissions  provide  for  a  review  of  their 
decisions  by  the  courts.  In  Colorado,  Vermont  and  New  Jersey,  this  review  is  by  an 
appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  commission.  The  usual  figure  at  which  passenger  rates  , 
were  fixed  by  State  laws  during  this  year  Is  two  cents  a  mile.  Laws  so  fi.xing  passenger 
rates  on  all  railways  within  the  States  were  passed  by  the  Legislatures  of  Indiana,  Minne- 
sota, Nebraska,  Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia  and  Illinois,  and  similar  laws  applicable  to 
all  of  the  larger  roads  in  tlie  States  were  passed  in  Iowa.  Missouri.  Wisconsin  and  Tennessee. 
A  rate  of  two  and  a  quarter  cents  a  mile  was  enacted  in  North  Carolina,  and  of  two 
and  a  half  cents  a  mile  in  North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota.  In  Kansas  the  rate  was  fixed 
at  three  cents  a  mile.  One  of  the  most  noteworthy  of  these  laws  was  that  of  Wisconsin, 
where  the  commission  had  previously  carried  on  an  investigation  of  passenger  rates  and 
had  ordered  a  reduction  in  such  rates  upon  the  principal  roads  from  three  cents  to  two 
and  a  half  cents  a  mile.  This  reduction  had  been  acquiesced  in  by  the  railroad  companies, 
which  were  also  selling  five  hundred  mile  family  mileage  books  at  two  cents  a  mtle.  _  Bills 
for  a  two  cent  rate  on  all  the  principal  roads  were  twice  defeated  by  decisive  votes  in  the 
Senate,  but  in  the  closing  days  of  the  session  the  matter  was  reconsidered  and  the  two 
cent  bill  became  a  law.  In  this  connection  the  veto  of  the  two  cent  fare  bill  in  New- 
York   State   may  also  be   noted. 

Passes  or  reduced  rate  transportation,  except  to  various  persons  connected  with  the 
railroad  companies,  are  being  very  generally  prohibited  throughout  the  country.  Laws  of 
this  nature  were  enacted  this  year  in  Alabama,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Minnesota,  Nebraska, 
Vermont,   Texas,   South  Dakota,  New  York,  Oregon,   Michigan  and  Indiana. 

Freight  rates  were  the  subject  of  as  much  legislation  in  1907  as  passenger  rates. 
Alabama  made  a  general  classification  both  of  railroads  and  of  commodities  and  fixed 
a  maximum  rate  on  a  mileage  basis  for  the  various  classes.  Rates  on  grain  were  fixed 
by  the  Legislature  of  Kansas,  and  upon  coal  by  the  Legislature  of  North  Dakota,  and 
Nebraska  and  Mlnn^ota  have  enacted  laws  fixing  the  maximum  freight  rate  upon  various 
commodities. 

The  vast  increase  in  the  business  of  railroads  during  the  last  two  years,  together 
with  the  failure  and  inability  of  the  railroad  companies  to  procure  enough  cars  for  the 
handling  of  freight,  has  caused  considerable  dissatisfaction  among  shippers.  There  have 
undoubtedly  been  great  delays,  both  in  the  furnishing  of  cars  to  shippers  and  in  the 
movement  of  the  freight  after  shipment.  Such  delay  is  probably  sometimes  the  fault  of 
the  railway  and  sometimes  due  to  a  mere  physical  inability  to  procure  necessary  cars 
as  wanted.  The  Alabama  law  of  1007  allows  the  act  of  God,  accident  or  strike  as 
( xcuses  for  delay.  The  Indiana  act  provides  that  the  penalty  cannot  be  enforced  if  the 
carrier  shows  that  it  did  not  have  the  cars  under  control  at  the  time  they  were  required 
for  delivery,  and  that  for  a  reasonable  time  prior  to  the  failure  and  at  the  time  of  the 
failure,  it  had  made  a  reasonable  effort  to  supply  its  line  with  the  necessary  car 
equipment  to  care  for  the  traffic  then  on  its  line  and  such  future  traffic  as  it  could 
reasonably  anticipate  would  be  offered  for  shipment.     The  Kansas  proviso  is  that  accident 


State  Legislation  in  1907,  199 

STATE  LEGISLATION  IN  1901— Continued. 

or  unavoidable  cause,  which  could  not,  by  the  use  of  the  usual  foi-esight  and  diligence, 
be  avoided,  will  operate  as  a  sufficient  excuse.  The  Minnesota  act  excepts  from  the 
delay  time  during-  strikes,  public  calamities,  accidents,  or  any  cause  not  in  the  power  of 
the  railroad  company  to  prevent.  In  Vermont  the  railroad  company  is  excused  from 
furnishing  cars  if  the  failure  is  caused  solely  by  shortage  of  rolling  stock  when  it.  has 
com-^lied  with  the  orders  of  the  commission  relating  to  equipment.  The  act  of  Wash- 
ington enumerates  as  excuses  accidents,  sudden  congestion  of  traffic,  unavoidable  deten- 
tion or  other  cause  not  within  the  power  of  the  railroad  company  to  prevent.  In  South 
Dakota  accident  or  any  cause  not  within  the  power  of  the  railroad  company  to  prevent 
are  sufficient  excuses.  Under  the  law  of  Oregon  upon  this  subject  failure  to  furnish  the 
cars  caused  by  public  calamity,  strikes,  washouts,  acts  of  God,  the  public  enemy,  mobs, 
riots,  wrecks,  fires  or  accidents  is  excused.  Lack  of  sufficient  equipment  or  facilities  is 
not  an  excuse  except  during  such  times  as  the  railroad  commission  may  suspend  that 
portion  of  the  act.  LTnder  the  reciprocal  demurrage  laws  of  Missouri,  North  Carolina  and 
North   Dakota   the   penalty   is   imposed  whenever   the   cars   are   not  furnished  on   request. 

Another  feature  of-  nearly  all  of  these  reciprocal  demurrage  laws  is  the  i-equirement 
that  freight  once  loaded  be  moved  at  a  certain  minimum  rate,  usvially  fifty  miles  a  day. 
The  causes  which  will  excuse  failure  to  furnish  cars  when  requested  by  the  shipper  also 
ordinarily  excuse  the  failure  to  move  freight  at  the  specified  rate.  These  same  causes 
usually  also   excuse   the   shipper   for  failure   to   unload   promptly. 

The  block  system,  at  present  under  the  investigation  of  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission,  is  a  subject  upon  which  no  action  has  been  attempted  by  Congress.  Laws 
of  the  past  year  in  Minnesota  and  North  Carolina  allow  the  railroad  eommissions  of  those 
States  to  require  the  putting  in  of  this  system  on  all  lines  of  railway.  The  same  is  the 
result  of  a  new  law  of  Indiana  which  begins  by  requiring  the  block  system  on  roads 
earning  over  $7,500  per  mile,  and  ends  by  allowing  the  commission  to  relieve  the  roads 
from   the   operation   of   the   act   where   compliance   is   deemed   unnecessary. 

Some  of  the  States  legislated  regarding  movements  of  trains.  In  Iowa  a  law  of  this 
year  allows  the  commission  to  prescribe  the  speed  of  trains  carrying  live  stock,  while  in 
Kansas  a  new  law  provides  that  such  trains  must  run  at  least  fifteen  miles  an  hour. 
In  Idaho  and  North  Dakota  new  laws  require  that  trains  which  ai'e  behind  time  be 
bulletined. 

Public  Service  Companies. — The  movement  toward  legislation  of  railroads, 
which  is  still  in  full  force  in  this  country,  is  now  being  accompanied  by  a  somewhat 
similar  movement  for  the  regulation  of  other  public  service  corporations.  The  problem 
of  the  corporations  which  furnish  transportation,  heat,  light,  water  or  telephone  service 
not  only  to  inhabitants  of  a  single  municipality  but  to  many  suburban  and  rural  districts. 
Is  one  of  increasing  importance.  Such  regulation  as  has  heretofore  been  attempted  has 
been  largely  through  the  medium  of  the  municipal  officers  at  the  time  of  the  granting 
of  the  franchise.  This  year  has  seen  an  attempt  to  meet  the  problem  fi-om  the  point 
of  view  of  State  regulation.  Two  notable  efforts  in  this  direction  were  the  laws  known  as 
the  Public  Service  Commissions  law  of  New  York  and  the  Public  Utility  law  of  Wis- 
consin. * 

A  tendency  opposite  to  that  shown  by  New  York  and  Wisconsin  appeared  in  a  new 
law  of  Missouri  allowing  municipalities  to  fix  rates  for  public  service  corporations,  such 
rates  to  be  subject  to  review  by  the  courts.  A  law  of  the  year  in  Pennsylvania  also 
tended  in  the  same  direction  by  allowing  municipalities  to  contract  with  public  service 
corporations. 

A  number  of  the  i-ailway  commission  laws  enacted  during  the  year  bring  express 
companies  within  the  control  of  the  commissions.  In  Nebraska  the  Legislature  made  a 
general  cut  of  25  per  cent,  in  freight  rates,  while  the  last  Legislature  of  Florida  pre- 
scribed  the   rates   which   could   be   charged   for  five-pound   packages. 

Telephone  companies  were  regulated  by  the  Public  Utility  law  of  Wisconsin.  In  South 
Dakota  a  separate  boai-d  of  telephone  commissioners  was  created.  This  has  general 
supervision  over  telephones  in  the  State  and  may  fix  maximum  rates.  It  may  also  upon 
application  of  any  telephone  company  order  a  connection  between  lines  of  that  company 
and  another  company,  if  pubi';o  service  demands  such  connection,  and  the  lines  of  the 
applicant  are  in  proper  condition.  In  North  Carolina  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Board  of 
Coi'poration    Commissioners    was   extended    over   telephone    companies. 

Gas  companies  were  regulated  both  under  the  New  York  and  Wisconsin  Public  Utility 
laws.  In  Indiana  a  law  regulated  contracts  made  with  gas  companies  in  cities  having 
a  population  of  100,000  or  over  by  providing  a  standard  for  the  gas  and  fixing  a  maxi- 
mum rate  of  sixty  cents  per  thousand  cubic  feet.  This  law  has  already  resulted  in  legal 
contests  and  probably  will  Ve  the  source  of  considerable  litigation. 

Laws  of  the  year  in  Wisconsin  applicable  to  all  public  service  corporations,  except 
telephone  companies,  and  in  Iowa  applicable  to  all  corporations  require  a  corporation  to 
receive  actual  value  in  money  for  its  stock  and  bonds,  or  if  property  is  taken  in 
exchange,  that  a  board  or  commission  pass  upon  the  value  of  such  property.  The  same 
idea  is  found  in  the  new  Railroad  Commission  act  of  Vermont,  which  allows  that  com- 
mission to  pass  upon  the  value  of  preperty""  acquired  in  railroad  consolidations.  Under 
the  New  York  Public  Service  Commissions  law  all  corporations  governed  by  it  cannot 
issue  stock,  bonds  or  evidence  of  indebtedness  without  securing  from  the  proper  com- 
mission an  order  authorizing  the  issue  and  stating  that  in  the  opinion  of  the  commission 
the  use  of  the  capital  to  be  secured  by  such  issue  is  reasonably  required  for  the  purposes 
of  the  corporation.  In  Pennsylvania  a  new  law  allows  the  railroad  commission  to  investi- 
gate  all   stocks   and   bonds   issued   by   any   common   carrier. 

Pnblic  Healtli  and  Safety. — General  acts  concerning  adulteration  and  mis- 
branding of  foods  and  drugs  which  follow  in  their  main  aspects  the  Federal  law  on  this 
subject  were  enacted  in  California.  Colorado,  Indiana,  Kansas.  Maine,  Missouri. 
Nebraska,  New  Hampshire.  North  Dakota,  Pennsylvania,  South  Carolina,  Washington, 
Illinois,  New  Jersey,  Tennessee,  Connecticut,  South  Dakota,  Arkansas,  Georgia  and 
Oregon.  Iowa  enacted  a  series  of  laws  for  the  same  object,  while  in  Minnesota  three 
separate  acts  covered  the  labelling  of  food,  the  sale  of  unwholesome  articles  and  ice 
cream.  In  Illinois  a  State  food  department  was  created  and  In  South  Dakota  a  dairy 
and  food  department  was  organized.     These  departments  have  under  their  supervision  all 


200  State  Legislation  in  1907. 

STATE  LEGISLATION  IN  IQ^yj— Continued.  ~  "" 

the    administration    of    Pure    Food    laws    and    are    similar    to    those    which    have    existed 
for  a  number  of  years  in  some  of  the  States. 

Drugs  are  very  generally  regulated  by  the  same  laws  which  regulate  pure  food.  In 
Indiana  a  law  of  the  year  prohibits  the  distribution  of  samples  of  drugs  or  the  giving 
of  them  to  persons  under  sixteen  years  of  age,  while  a  new  law  of  Iowa  prohibited  the 
distribution   of   such   samples   on   porches,    lawns,    etc. 

Milk  received  some  special  consideration  from  the  Legislatures  in  regard  to  its  purity, 
use  of  chemicals  for  preservation,  and  the  cleansing  of  utensils  in  which  it  is  contained. 

Water  supplies,  partictflarly  in  the  cities,  are  in  great  danger  of  contamination.  It 
is  frequently  necessary  for  a  city  to  go  to  a  considerable  distance  in  order  to  obtain  a 
sufficient  water  supply,  so  that  State  regulation  becomes  essential  to  ensure  its  purity. 
This  matter  was  placed  under  the  control  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  by  the  Legislature 
of  Kansas.  All  cities  or  corporations  supplying  water  to  the  public  are  required  to  file 
with  the  board  copies  of  their  plans  and  receive  a  written  permit  before  the  source  of 
supply  can  be  used.  The  discharge  of  sewage  is  also  placed  under  control  of  the  Board 
of  Health.  Under  a  new  law  of  South  Carolina  every  water  company  or  municipality 
controlling  its  water  supply  shall  have  an  analysis  of  its  water  at  least  every  three 
inonths.  In  New  Jersey  a  law  allows  the  water  boards  in  cities  deriving  their  water 
from  sources  beyond  the  city  limits  to  construct  and  maintain  drains  and  sewers  in  such 
territory  under  the  supervision  of  the  State  sewage  commission.  The  same  Legislature 
provided  for  a  State  water  supply  commission  to  consist  of  five  persons  to  be  appointed 
by  the  Governor.  This  commission  has  general  supervision  of  the  source  of  water  supply 
and  is  required  to  examine  and  approve  plans  of  municipalities  and  water  companies 
for  the  supply  of  water. 

Poisons  have  always  been  under  considerable  State  supervision,  but  an  increasing 
use  of  certain  drugs  seems  to  demand  a  further  restriction  upon  their  sale.  North  Carolina 
carefully  regulated  the  sale  of  narcotics,  while,  in  South  Carolina  and  New  York  the 
Lt'gislatures  this  year  regulated  the  sale  of  cocaine.  Cigarettes  were  once  characterized  by 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Tennessee  as  "inherently  bad  and  bad  only."  The  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States  refused  to  take  judicial  notice  of  any  special  injury  resulting  from 
their  use  or  to  indorse  the  opinion  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Tennessee  just  quoted.  The 
Legislatures  of  iy07  seem  to  agree  with  the  Supreme  Court  of  Tennessee  rather  X\i&n 
with  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  as  the  sale  of  cigarettes  was  forbidden  in 
Minnesota,  Washington,  Florida,  South  Dakota  and  Illinois,  although  the  act  in  the  last 
State  was  held  unconstitutional  by  one  of  the  lower  courts.  The  use  of  cigarettes  by  minors 
in  public  places  was  prohibited  in  South  Dakota;  the  use  of  tobacco  by  any  person  under 
eighteen  or  by  any  minor  pupil  of  a  school  or  college  was  forbidden  in  Minnesota,  and 
smoking  by  persons  under  sixteen  years  in  public  places  was  made  a  misdemeanor  in 
Wisconsin. 

Tuberculosis  is  now  being  generally  recognized  as  a  disease  which  can  be  cured 
if  proper  steps  are  taken  in  time.  The  necessity  for  special  treatment  of  this  disease 
and  the  inability  of  the  persons  most  susceptible  to  it  to  secure  such  treatment  has 
resulted  in  the  establishment  of  special  hospitals.  During  the  past  year  Indiana,  Missouri, 
and  North  Carolina  provided  for  hospitals  for  its  treatment.  Pennsylvania  also  provided 
for  the  establishment  of  colonies  and  in  Massachusetts  three  sanitariums  are  to  be  built. 
Another  side  of  the  question  appeared  in  a  new  law  of  New  Jersey  which  prohibited  the 
establishment  of  hospitals  for  the  treatment  of  tuberculosis  without  securing  the 
consent  of  the  municipality.  The  prevention  of  the  spread  of  this  disease  is  apparently 
sought  by   laws   passed   in   California  and   Tennessee   forbidding  expectoration. 

Uocal  Option. — This  temperance  movement  has  taken  various  forms.  North 
Dakota  this  year  enacted  a  law  prohibiting  the  soliciting  of  orders  for  liquors,  and  for  a 
temperance  commissioner,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  see  to  the  enforcement  of  the  liquor 
laws.  In  Texas  a  tax  of  $r>.000  upon  each  office  of  a  carrier  accepting  C.  O.  D.  shipments 
of  liquor  was  imposed.  This  tax  is  evidently  for  the  purpose  of  destroying  interstate 
shipments.  In  West  Virginia  the  Legislature  provided  that  no  liquor  can  be  drunk  on 
cars,    except   on   regular   diners   and   buffet   cars. 

Local  option  in  various  forms  appeared  in  the  laws  of  this  year  In  a  number  of 
Statos.  In  Alabama  county  option  is  allowed;  in  Colorado  and  Illinois  the  voters  of  any 
political  subdivision  may  prohibit  the  sale  of  liquor  within  its  limits;  in  Wisconsin 
special  anti-saloon  districts,  composed  of  residence  territory,  may  be  oiganized  by 
petition,    and   the   sale   of   liquor   therein   prohibited. 

During  the  past  year  both  Alabama  and  South  Carolina  provided  for  county  option 
upon  the  question  of  the  sale  of  liquor  at  dispensaries  within  the  county.  Georgia 
passed   a   strict   prohibitory   law.  ' 

Roads. — One  of  the  noticeable  features  of  road  legislation  of  the  year  was  the 
tendency  toward  entrusting  the  road  work  to  the  larger  units.  In  many  cases  the  State 
is  taking  hold  of  the  road  problem,  either  by  the  creation  of  State  roads  or  by  State 
supervision  of  the  subject.  In  California  the  Legislature  created  a  State  department  of 
engineering,  among  whose  duties  are  the  supervision  of  road  work,  while  at  the  same 
time  Missouri  provided  for  a  State  highway  engineer.  In  Idaho  and  Vermont  a  State 
highway  commission  was  created.  West  Virginia  provided  for  a  State  highway  inspector 
and  Tennessee  for  a  State  highway  commissioner.  Direct  aid  in  the  building  of  roads 
was  provided  for  by  Maine,  Missouri,  and  Washington,  and  the  Wisconsin  Legislature 
submitted  to  the  voters  the  question  of  amending  the  constitution  so  as  to  allow  State 
aid   in   building   roads. 

Labor. — Direct  restriction  of  the  hours  of  labor  of  women  was  attempted  in  a 
number  of  States,  although  the  recent  decision  of  the  New  York  Court  of  Appeals 
declaring  unconstitutional  the  laws  of  that  State  forbidding  the  employment  of  women 
in  factories  after  nine  o'clock  at  night,  caused  some  doubt  as  to  the  constitutionality 
of  general  restrictions.  During  the  year  New  Hampshire,  Connecticut,  and  Oregon  enacted 
laws  limiting  the  number  of  hours  per  day  or  week  which  women  may  work,  and  South 
Carolina  restricted  their  hours  of  work  in  woollen  mills. 

Child  labor  has  received  great  attention  during  recent  years,  and  there  now  exists 
a  national  association  for  the  purpose  of  securing  State  legislation  upon  this  subject. 
The  state  of  public  feeling  was  also  indicated  by  the  general  discussion  over  the  power 


State  Legislation  in  1907.  201 

"  STATE  LEGISLATION  IN   \{)01— Continued.  " 

—  I  ■■.  ■  ■■  .1.  .1      I       ■  I    I .  I  ..-J..— ■   —       ......        ^  —  ■,■■■■  ^—  ^  I  ■--■        I  ■  ■  »i       .1-  -II  -   ■      ■    ■  I ■  .1        ■  .1  -      I  .1  _,      ■  11    ^ 

o_f  Congress  to  legislate  upon  the  matter.  The  laws  upon  this  subject  passed  during 
the  year  were  very  numerous,  and  a  detailed  consideration  of  their  provisions  would  serve 
no  particular  purpose.  A  very  usual  provision  is  the  requirement  of  a  permit  from  certain 
officers  before  children  under  sixteen  are  allowed  to  be  employed.  This  permit  is  usually 
based  upon  certain  proofs  of  age  and  requirements  as  to  education  and  school  attendance. 
Labor  of  such  children  in  various  dangerous  occupations  is  forbidden.  The  minimum  age 
at  which  employment  by  permit  is  allowed  is  twelve  in  some  States  and  fourteen  in 
others.  New  laws  on  this  subject  or  laws  making  substantial  changes  in  the  previous 
laws  were  passed  this  year  in  Alabama,  California,  Idaho.  Maine.  Minnesota,  Montana, 
Nebraska,    Washington,    Wisconsin,    Florida,    Georgia,    and    New    York. 

Divorce. — Divorce  has  received  the  attention  of  those  interested  in  uniform  legis- 
lation. The  scandal  which  has  resulted  from  the  great  diversity  of  marriage  laws,  and 
the  confusion  which  followed  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
resulted  in  the  calling  of  a  conference  by  Governor  Pennypacker,  of  Pennsylvania.  This 
met  at  Washington  in  February,  1906.  at  which  forty  States,  the  District  of  Columbia, 
and  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico  were  represented.  A  draft  of  a  proposed  uniform 
divorce  law  was  considered,  and  at  an  adjourned  meeting  of  this  conference  held  at 
Philadelphia  in  November.  1906,  the  final  draft  was  submitted  for  adoption  by  the 
Legislatures.     The  act  proposed  has  been  adopted  this  j'ear  in  Delaware  and  New  Jersey. 

It  covers  the  causes  of  an  annulment  of  divorce  and  the  establishment  of  limited 
and  absolute  divorce,  the  adoption  of  •  uniform  rule  governing  the  acquiring  of  jurisdiction, 
and  a  like  rule  covering  the  subject  of  the  faith  and  credit  to  be  given  decrees  of 
divorce  obtained  in  other  States.  Causes  for  annulment  recommended  are  impotency, 
consanguinity  and  affinity,  existing  marriage,  fraud,  force,  or  coercion,  insanity  unknown 
to  the  other  party,  marriage  where  the  wife  was  under  sixteen  or  the  husband  under 
eighteen,  unless  confirmed  after  arriving  at  such  age.  The  causes  of  divorce  a  vinculo 
are  adultery,  bigamy,  conviction  of  certain  crimes,  extreme  cruelty,  wilful  desertion  for 
two  years,  and  habitual  drunkenness.  Causes  for  divorce  a  mensa  are  adultery,  extreme 
cruelty,  wilful  desertion  for  two  years,  hopeless  insanity  of  husband,  and  habitual 
drunkenness.  The  congress,  however,  recommended  that  no  additional  cause  be  recognized 
in  any  State.  The  question  of  jurisdiction  is  made  to  depend  upon  a  two  years'  residence 
in  the  State  where  the  divorce  is  sought,  except  that  in  case  of  adultery  or  bigamy 
residence  at  the  time  the  cause  of  action  arose  is  sufficient.  Where  the  cause  of  action 
arose  in  another  State  in  which  the  party  resided  at  the  time,  such  cause  must  have 
been  recognized  a.s  a  ground  for  divorce  in  such  other  State.  If  the  defendant  is  a 
non-resident,  jurisdiction  may  be  acquired  by  publication,  followed,  where  practicable, 
by  notice  to  the  defendant.  Full  faith  and  credit  is  to  be  given  to  decrees  in  courts  of 
competent  jurisdiction  in  other  States  where  the  jurisdiction  was  obtained  in  substantial 
conformity  to  the  act.  except  that  if  any  person  goes  into  another  State  to  obtain  a 
divorce  for  a  cause  which  occurred  while  the  parties  resided  in  the  first  State,  or  for  a. 
cause  not  ground  for  divorce  under  the  laws  of  that  State,  the  divorce  is  to  have  no 
effect.     An  absolute  decree  is  not  to  be  entered  until  one  year  after  the  decree  nisi. 

Some  of  the  States  made  slight  modifications  of  their  divorce  laws  during  the  year. 
In  Iowa  the  marriage  of  divorced  persons  within  a  year  was  prohibited,  except  that  the 
persons  divorced  may  re-marry.  An  additional  ground  for  divorce,  and  one  not  recom- 
mended by  the  congress  on  divorce  legislation,  was  provided  in  Maine,  namely,  commit- 
ment to  the  State  Asylum  for  the  Insane  for  fifteen  consecutive  years  prior  to  the  suit, 
where  the  insanity  is  found  to  be  incurable.  The  Legislature  of  South  Dakota  attempted 
to  extend  the  period  of  residence  required  for  divorce  to  one  year,  but  this  was  made 
subject  to  referendum  petition  and  must  be  approved  by  the  Voters  at  the  election  of 
1908  before   it   can   go   into  effect. 

Mi.scellaneons.— In  Illinois  and  Michigan  all  tickets  to  theatres  or  other  places 
of  public  entertainrnent  must  have  the  price  printed  thereon,  and  the  sale  of  the  same 
either  by  the  proprietors  or  other  persons  at  an  excess  price  is  made  a  misdemeanor. 
It  is  understood  that  the  enforcement  of  the  law  is  being  contested  by  the  theatres  In 
Chicago. 

Memorial  Day  received  attention  from  the  Legislatures  in  acts  restricting  sports  on 
that  day.  These  are  entirely  prohibited  in  Kansas,  before  3  P.  M.  in  Iowa  and  between 
10  A.  M.  and  3  P.  M.  and  within  half  a  mile  of  the  exercises  in  Minnesota,  while  South 
Dakota  provided  that  city  councils  and  school  boards  may  appropriate  money  for  Memorial 
Day   exercises. 

The  Legislatures  of  California.  Kansas,  and  Oregon  attempted  to  stimulate  pat-riotism 
by  providing  that  the  United  States  flag  must  fly  over  all  schools  during  school  hours. 
Idaho   and    Pennsylvania   adopted    State    flags. 

In  Wisconsin  members  of  the  National  Guard  were  protected  by  a  law  v.-hich  punishes 
any  person  who  deprives  a  member  of  the  Guard  of  employment  or  prevents  his  being 
employed,   or  who  dissuades  any  person  from   enlisting  in   the   Guard  by  threat  of  injury. 

Sunday  as  a  day  of  rest  was  assured  by  a  new  law  of  Oregon,  while  an  act  in  Massa- 
chusetts provided  that  no  person  shall  be  requifed  to  worjt  on  Sunday  unless  he  is  allowed 
twenty-four  hours'  consecutive  rest  during  the  next  six  days.  The  Legislatui-e  of  Indiana 
required  barber  shops  to  be  closed  on   Sunday. 

The  great  vogue  of  the  magazine  article  which  exposes  corruption,  and  the  injustice 
which  may  be  done  persons  perfectly  innocent  because  of  hasty  and  inaccurate  statements 
in  those  publications,  is  probably  responsible  for  an  act  in  New  York,  which  required  that, 
after  July  1.  1007.  every  newspaper  and  magazine  published  in  the  State  should  publish 
in  every  copy  upon  the  cover  or  at  the  head  of  the  editorial  page  the  full  name  and 
address  of  the  owner  or  proprietor  of  such  publication,  or  if  it  is  owned  and  published  by 
a  corporation,  the  name  of  the  corporation,  the  address  of  its  principal  place  of  business, 
together  with  full  names  and  addresses  of  the  president,  secretary,  and  treasurer,  or  if 
published  by  a  partnership  or  a  joint  stock  association,  then  the  fiill  name  and  addresses 
of  the  partners  or  officers  and  managers  of  the  association. 

L^^nder  a  new  law  of  Kansas  news  agencies  must  furnish  to  all  daily  papers  news 
service,  when  demanded  by  such  papers,  and  no  telegraph  or  telephone  company  is  to  allow 
the  use  of  its  wires  to  any  agency  which  so  refuses.  ' 


202 


Progress  of  the   United  States. 


33toflrtss  of  t\)t  WiwiUti  states 

IN    AREA,      POPULATION,    AND    MATERIAL    INDUSTRIES. 

(Compiled  from  a  statement  prepared  by  O.  P.  Austin,  Diipf  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Department 

of  Commerce  and  J^abor. ) 


Area  a square  miles. 

Population  6 no. 

Population  per  square  mile  6....  no. 

Wealth  be dols. 

"Wealth,  per  capita  be dols. 

Public  debt,    less    cash   iu    Treas- 
ury« dols. 

Public  debt,  per  capita dols. 

Interest  bearing  debt/ dols. 

Annual  interest  charge doLs. 

Interest  per  capita dols. 

Gold  coined dols. 

Silver  coined dols. 

Gold  in  circulation  g  h dols. 

Silver  in  circulation  p  h dols. 

Gold  certificates  in  circulation, dols. 

Silver  certificates  iucirculat'n.dols. 

United  States  notes  outstand- 
ing  dols. 

National  bank  notes  outstand- 
ing  dels. 

Miscellaneous  currency  in  cir- 
culation i dols. 

Total  circulation  of  money dols. 

Per  capita dols. 

National  banks no. 

Capital    dols. 

Bank  clearings.  New  York dols. 

T.)tal  United  States dols. 

Deposits  in  National  banks dols. 

Deposits  in  savings  banks dols. 

Depositors  in. savings  banks no. 

Farms  and  farm  property  6 dols. 

Farm  products,  value  b dols. 

IManulacturing     establish- 
ments 6 no. 

Value  of  products  b dols. 

United  states  Government  re- 
ceipts—net ordinary  i dols. 

Customs dols. 

Internal  revenue dols. 

United  states  Government  e.\- 
penditures,  netordinary  m...dols. 

War dols. 

Navy dols. 

Pensions , dols. 

Interest  on  public  debt  ....dols. 

Imports  o I  merchandise, dols. 

Per  capita dols. 

Kxportsof  merchandise dols. 

Per  capita dols. 

Imports,  silk,  raw .lbs. 

Ituhlier.  crude lbs. 

Tin  plates lbs. 

Iron,    steel    and  manufact- 
urprs  of dols. 

Domestic  exports,  iron,  steel, 

and  manuiacturers  of dols. 

Manufactures dols. 

Farm  animals,  value dols. 

Cattle no. 

Horses no. 

Sheep no. 

^lules no. 

Swine no. 

Production  of  gold , dols. 

Silver,  commercial  value doLs. 

Coal .tons 

Petroleum galls 

IMgiron tons 

Steel tons 

Tin  plates lbs. 

Copper tons 

Wool lbs. 

Wheat bush. 

Cora.. , .....bush. 


1800. 


827,844 

5,308.483 

6.41 


82,976,294 

15.63 

182.976,294 

3,402,601 

0.64 

.S17.760 

224,296 

16,000,000 


1850. 


1880. 


l0.oOO,0(H) 

26,600,000 

5.00 


10,848,749 

9.080.933 

809,397 

7,411,370 

2,560,879 

3,448,716 

64,131 

.3,402.601 

91,252,768i 

17.191 

70,971,7801 

13.37 


52,144 


2,980,959 
23.191.8761 

7,135,780,000 
307.69 

63,452.774 

2.74 

63,452,774 

3,782,393 

0.16 

31,981.739 

1,866,100^ 

147,395,456 


1900. 


1906. 


131,366,526 

278,761,98:" 
12.02 


43,431,130 

251,3.54 

3,967,343,580 


123,025 
1,019,106,616 

43,592,889 
39,668,686 


37,165,990 

9,687,025 

7.W4,725 

1,866,886 

3,782,393 

173,509,526i 

7.481 

144,375,726 

6.23 


3,026,789 

50,155,783 

16.57 

42,642,000,000 

850. 20 

1,919,326,748 

38.27 

1,723,993,100 

79,633,981 

1  59 

62,308,279 

•     27,411,694 

f     225,695,779 

\       68.622  345 

7,963,900 

5,789,669j 

327,895,457 

837,415,178 


973,382.228 
19.41 

2,076 

455,909,565 

37,182,128,621 

833,'76l,034 

819,106,973 

2,335,582! 

12,180.501,538! 

2,212  540,927 j 

253.852! 
5,369,579,191, 

333,526,5011 
186,522,065i 
124,009 ,374| 

169,090.062' 

38,116,9161 

13,536  9s5| 

56,777,174| 

95,757,5751 

667,954,746 

12.511 

835,638,658^ 

16.431 

2,562,2;;6, 

16,«26,099 

379,902  ,»H0, 


20,145,067  71.266,699 


1.953.7021 

23.223 ,1061 

544,180.5161 

17,778,907 

4,;«6,719 

21,773,220 

559,3.311 

30,.354,213; 

50,000.000 

50,900| 

6,266,233 

563,755 


650 

52.516,959 

100,485.944 

592,0714041 


14,716,524 

121,818,298] 

1,576,917,556; 

83.258,000: 

11.201,800! 

40,765  900; 

1,729,500 

34.034,100! 

36.000,000 

34,717,000, 

63,822,8.^0 

1,104,017,166' 

3,8.35,191 1 

1,247,335| 

■"27.000 

232,JiOO,00fl] 

498.549,868| 

l,7l/,434,5431 


3,026,789 

76,303,387 

25.14 

88,517,306.775 

1,164.79 

1,107.711,258 
14.52 

1,023,478,860 

33,545,130 

0.44 

99,272,943 

26,345,321 

610.806,472 

142,050,334 

200,7.33,019 

408,465,574 

313,971,545 

300,115,112 


79 
2.055 


,008,942 

160,998 
26.94 
3,732 

,536,461 

,588,564 
,450,081 


621 
51,964 

84.582 

2,458,092,768 

2,389, 

6 

20,511 

3,764 


.  719,95^1 

,107,083 
,001,838 


»,1' 


06 


3,026,789 

84.154,009 

27.71 

d  107 ,104 ,211, 917 

t<  1,310. 11 

964,435.687 
11.46 

895,159,140 

23,248,064 

0.28 

77.538,045 

10,651,088 

668,655,076 

188,6.30,872' 

516,561,849 

471,520,064 

335,940,220 

548,001,238 

7,337,320 

2,736,646,628 

32.32 

6  053 

826,129,785 

103,754 ,100.  u91 

167,749,328.913 

4.055,873,637 

3.299.544.601 

8.027,192 


512,339 
13.014,287,498 

567.240.852 
2.33,164,871 
290,327,927 

447,5.53,458 

134,774,768 

55,953.078j 

140,877,316; 

40,160,;«3I 

849,941.184 

10.88 

1,394,483,082, 

17.96 

13,073.718 

49,377.138 

147,963,804 

20.478,728 

121,913.548 

484,846,236, 

2,228.123,1341 

43,902,414 

13,.537,524' 

41,883,065 

2,086,027 

37,079.366 

79,171,000; 

35,741.100! 

240,789,310' 

2,672,062,218^ 

13.789,242 

10,188.329: 

677,969.600 

270,.588 

288,6.36,6211 

622,229,606 

2,106,102,616, 


i  I-  216,262 
I  A- 14,802.147 ,087 

594,454.122 
300,251,878 
249,160,213 

544,476,223 

117,946,692 

110,474,264 

141,034.562 

24,308,676 

1.226,562,446 

14.42 

1,743,864,500 

20.41 

17  362  021 

57.844,345 

120.819,732 

29,053,987 

160,984,985 

686,023,169 

3,675,389,442 

66,861.622 

18.718,578 

50.631,619 

3.404,061 

52 ,10-. 847 

r  96,101,400 

r  37 .64'J.900 

j  .350,820,840 

j  5,668,138,360 

25  ,,307. 191 

1  20.023.947 

j  1,105,440,000 

j  402,637 

298,915,130 

7.36,260,970 

2,927,416,091 


The   Capitol  at    'Washington. 


PROGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES— CoHimwed. 


203 


Ctotton bales 

Cane  sugar tons 

Sugar  consumed tons 

Cotton  taken  by  mills bales 

I»oniesticcottou  exported lbs 

Railways  operated , miles 

Passengers  carried no, 

Freight  carried  1  mile tons 

Rates,  ton  per  mile cents 

Passenger  cars no. 

Freigli  t  an d  other  cars no. 

American  vessels  built tons. 

Trading  domestic,  etc tons. 

Trading  foreign tons. 

On  Great  Lakes tous. 

Vessels  pa.ssiug  through  Sault 

Ste.  Marie  Canal tons. 

Commercial  failures no. 

A  mount  of  liabilities dols. 

Post-Oliices no. 

Receipts  of  P.  O.  Department.. dols. 

Telegrams  sent  w no. 

Newspapers,  etc.* no. 

Public  schools,  salaries dols. 

Patents  issued no. 

Immigrants  arrived  t no. 


1800. 


1850. 


155,556 


106,261 
301,919 
669,921 


903 
280,804 


2,333,718 

110,526 

239,409 

595,000 

635,381,604 

9,021 


279.255 
1,949,743 
1,585.711 

198,266 


18>417 
5,499,985 

""2,526 

""  993 

369,980 


1880. 


5,761.252 

92,802 

956,784 

1,795,000 

1,822,061,114 

93,267 


12  788 

554,18.i 

157,409 

2,715,224 

1,352,810 

605,102 

1,734.890 

4,736 

65,752,000 

42,989 

33,315.479 

29,215,509 

9,723 

55,942  972 

13,947 

457,257 


1900. 


9,436,416 

H9,191 

2.219,847 

.8,644,000 

3,100,-^83,188 

194,262 

584,695,9.% 

141,162,109,413 

0.75 

26,786 

l,3.-)8,467 

393,790 

4,:^38,145 

826,694 

1,566,587 

22,315.834 

10,774 

138,495,673 

76,688 

102,.354.579 

79,696.227 

20,806 

137,687,746 

26,499 

448,572 


^906. 


11,345,988 

268,193 

2,864.013 

4.627,000 

3,634,015.170 

/  217.341 

i  745,446,641 

n87,375,62l,537 

i  0.  78 

/  30,777 

J  1,767,657 

418.745 

5,735,4S3 

9.39.486 

2,234,432 

41,098  324 

10.682 

119,201,515 

65,6(»0 

167,932,783 

a:  96,987. He 

22,326 

i  177,462.981 

31,965 

1,100,735 


a  Exclusive  of  Alaska  and  islands  belonging  to  the  United  States.  6  Census  figures  ;  those  for 
intermediate  years  estimated,  c  True  valuation  of  real  and  personal  property,  d  1904.  e  Total 
debt  prior  to  1855.  /  Figures  for  the  years  1800  and  1850  include  the  total  public  debt,  g  Gold  and 
silver  cannot  be  stated  separately  prior  to  1880.  Fi-oml862  to  1875,  inclusive,  gold  and  silver  were 
not  in  circulation  except  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  whereit  is  estimated  that  the  average  specie  circulation 
was  about  $25,000,000,  and  this  estimate  is  continued  for  the  three  following  years  under  the  head 
ofgold.  Alter  tliat  period  gold  was  available  for  circulation,  h  Total  specie  in  circulation:  gold  and 
silver  not  separately  stated  prior  to  1880.  i  Includes  notes  of  Bank  of  United  States,  State  bank 
notes,  demand  notes  of  1862  and  1863,  fractional  currencv,  18'i8  to  1878,  treasury  notes  of  1890, 
1891  to  date;  and  currency  certificates,  act  of  June,  8,  1872,  1892  to  1900.  j  1905.  k  Exclusive  of 
neighborhood  industries  and  hand  trades,  included  in  previous  years.  I  "Net  ordinary  receipts" 
include  receipts  from  customs,  internal  revenue,  direct  tax,  public  lands,  and  "miscellaneous." 
in  " Net  ordiuary  expenses"  include  expenditures  for  war,  navy,  Indians,  pensions,  and  "  miscel- 
laneou.s.  "  n  Imports  for  consumption  after  1850.  o  Domesticexports  only  after  1850.  r  Estimate 
of  the  director  of  the  mint,  t  Last  six  months  of  1891.  xo  Western  Union  to  1880  ;  includes  Postal 
Telegraph  after  1880.  x  Not  including  messages  sent  by  Western  Union  over  leased  wiresor  under 
railroad  contracts.  *  After  1850,  from  Roweil's  Newspaper  Directory.  1  1850,  includes  aliens  liot 
immigrants  •  fifteen  mouths  ending  December  31 ;  after  1850,  fiscal  years. 


W^t  (Capitol  at  ^Masljiufjton* 


The  Capitol  Is  situated  in  latitude  380  53' 20''.4  north  and  longitude  77°  00' 35''.7  west  from 
Greenwich.    It  fronts  east,  and  stands  on  a  plateau  eighty-eight  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Potomac. 

The  entire  length  of  the  building  from  north  to  south  is  seven  hundred  and  fifty-one  feet  four 
inches,  and  i'sgreatest  dimension  from  east  to  west  three  hundred  and  fifty  feet.  The  area  covered 
by  the  building  is  153, 112  square  feet. 

The  dome  of  the  original  central  building  was  constructed  of  wood,  covered  with  copper.  This 
was  replaced  in  18.56  by  the  present  structure  of  cast  iron.  It  was  completed  iu  1865.  The  entire 
weight  of  iron  used  is  8, 909,200  pounds. 


the  balustrade  of  the  building  is  two  hundred  and  seVenteen  feet  eleven  inches.  The  greatest  diam- 
eter at  the  ba,se  is  one  hundred  and  tliirty-tive  feet  five  Inches. 

The  rotunda  is  ninety-seveu  feet  six  inches  in  diameter,  and  its  height  from  the  floor  to  the  top  of 
the  canopy  is  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  three  inches. 

The  Senate  Chamber  is  one  hundred  and  thirteen  feet  three  inches  in  length,  by  eighty  feet  three 
inches  in  width,  and  thirty-six  feet  iu  height.    The  galleries  will  accommodate  one  thou.sand  persons. 

The  Representatives' Hall  is  one  hundred  aud  thirty- nine  feet  in  length,  by  ninety- three  feet  in 
width,  aud  thirty-six  feet  in  height. 

The  southeast  corner-stone  of  the  original  building  was  laid  September  18,  1793,  by  President 
Washingtou  with  Masonic  ceremonies.  The  corner-stone  of  the  extensions  was.laid  July  4,  18ol,  by 
President  Fillmore. 

The  room  now  occupied  by  the  Supreme  Court  was,  until  1859,  occupied  as  the  Senate  Chamber. 
Previous  to  that  time  the  court  occupied  the  room  immediately  beneath,  now  used  as  a  law  library. 


204 


Statistics  of  Strikes  and  LochouiB. 


^Statistics  of  ^trifecis  autf  ILocfeouts* 

The  tweuty-flist  annual  i-eport  of  the  Commissioner  of  Labor  dealing  with  the  subject  of  strikes 
and  lockouts  In  the  United  Stales  during  the  years  1881  to  1905,  inclusive, a  period  of  twenty-five 
years,  was  issued  June  6,  1907. 

The  following  tables  extracted  from  the  report  show  the  number,  duration,  causes  and  result  of 
strikes  during  the  period  under  observation. 

NUMBER  OF  STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS. 


Tbab. 


1881. 

1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1886. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898., 

1899. 

1900. 

1901.. 

1902.. 

1903. , 

1904. 

1905. 


Total. 


Stbikes. 


J5 


471 
464 

478 
443 
645 
1,43^ 
1,436 
9(16 
1,076 
1,833 
1,717 
1,298 
1,306 
1,349 
1.215 
1,026 
1,078 
1,066 
1,797 
1,779 
2,924 
3,162 
3,494 
2,307 
2,077 


36,757 


Establishments. 


Number. 


2,928 

2,105 

2,759 

2,367 

2,284 

10,063 

6,589 

3,506 

3,786 

9,424 

8.116 

5,540 

4,555 

8,196 

6,973 

5,462 

8,492 

3.809 

11.317 

9,248 

10,908 

14,248 

20,248 

10,202 

8,292 


181,407 


Average 

pt-r 
Strike, 


6.2 

4.6 
6.8 
5.3 
3.5 
7.0 
4.6 
3.9 
35 
5.1 
4.7 
4.3 
3.5 
6.1 
5.7 
5.3 
7.9 
3.6 
6.3 
5.2 
3.7 
4.6 
5.8 
4.4 
4.0 

4.9 


Strikers. 


Number. 


101,070 
120,860 
122.198 
117,313 
158  684 
407,152 
272,776 
103,218 
205,068 
285,900 
245,042 
163,499 
19.^)  ,008 
505.049 
285,742 
183,813 
332,670 
182,067 
308,267 
399,656 
396,280 
563,143 
531,682 
375,764 
176,337 


Employees 

thrown  out 

of  work. 


Number, 


6,728,048 


129,521 
154,671 
149.763 
147,054 
242,705 
608,044 
379,676 
147,704 
249,559 
351,944 
298,9:» 
206,671 
265,914 
660,425 
392,403 
241,170 
408,391 
249,002 
417,072 
505,(*66 
543,.S86 
669,792 
666,055 
517,211 
__221,686 

8,703,824 


Lockouts. 


B 

s 

6 
22 
28 
42 
50 
140 
67 
40 
36 
64 
69 
61 
70 
55 
40 
40 
32 
42 
41 
60 
88 
78 
164 
112 
109 


Establishments. 


Employees 
locked  out. 


Number. 


9 

42 
117 

354 

183 

1,509 

1,281 

180 

132 

324 

546 

716 

305 

875 

370 

51 

171 

164 

323 

2,281 

451 

1,304 

3.288 

2,316 

1.255 


Average 

per 
locKout 


1,5461     18,547         12.0 


1.5 

1.9 

4.2 

8.4 

3.7 

10.8 

19,1 

4.5 

8.7 

5.1 

7.9 

11.7 

4.4 

15.9 

9.3 

13 

5.3 

3.9 

7,9 

38.0 

6.1 

16.7 

21.4 

20.7 

11.5 


Number. 


655 
4,131 

20,512 
18,121 
16  424 
101,980 
57,634 
13,787 
10,471 
19,233 
14,116 
30.060 
13,016 
28,548 
12,754 
3,675 
7,651 
11.038 
14,698 
46,562 
16,267 
30,304 
112,3.-52 
44,908 
68,474 


716,231 


Employees 

thrown  out 

of  work. 


Number. 


655 

4,131 

20,512 

18,121 

16,424 

101,980 
59,630 
15.176 
10,731 
21,555 
31,014 
82,014 
21,842 
29.619 
14,786 
7,668 
7,763 
14,217 
14,817 
62,6,53 
20,457 
31,715 

131,779 
56,604 
80,748 


825,610 


A  greaternumher  of  strikes  occurred  in  the  building  trades  than  in  any  other  industry.  In  that 
industry  during  the  years  from  1 881  to  1903  there  were  9,564  strikes,  69,899  establishments  involved, 
917,905  strikers,  and  1,083,699  employees  thrown  out  of  work  in  the  establishments  involved  in 
strikes. 

The  coal  and  coke  industry  was  second  in  importance  so  far  as  number  of  strikes  and  e.stablish- 
ments  involved  were  concerned,  but  first  in  number  of  strikers  and  employees  thrown  out  of  work. 
In  the  coal  and  coke  industry  there  were  3,336  strikes,  17,025  establishments  involved,  2,006,353 
strikers,  and  2, 460,743  employees  thrown  out  of  work. 
RESULTS    OP    STRIKES    AND    LOCKOUTS.  ^_____ 


Teas. 


1881. 

1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 


••••••> 


Total. 


Stbikes. 


Ordered  by  labor  organization. 

Per  Cent. 

of  establish 

uentsin    1 

which  strike —                 | 

Succeeded. 

Succeeded. 

partly. 

Failed. 

64.99 

6.71 

28.30 

56.36 

9.54 

34.10 

64.07 

18.31 

17.62 

56.62 

3.25 

41.13 

62.42 

10.58 

27.0(1 

33.46 

20.48 

46,06 

48.36 

7.19 

44.45 

56.17 

4.99 

38.84 

45.61 

21,37 

33.02 

53.99 

10.17 

35.84 

38.46 

8.10 

53.44 

39.33 

8.75 

51.92 

53.94 

10.89 

35.17 

37.35 

13.67 

48.98 

59.26 

10.05 

30.70 

62.47 

6.55 

30.98 

59.67 

29.51 

10.82 

69.74 

6.15 

24.11 

76.33 

14.19 

9.48 

48.06 

21.96 

29.99 

50.36 

17.19 

32.45 

48.31 

23.72 

27.97 

41.72 

23.77 

34.51 

35.75 

16.59 

48.66 

41.58 

11.30 
15.87 

47.12 

49.48 

34.65 

Not  ordered  by  labor 
organization. 


Per  Cent,  of  establishments  in 
which  strike — 


Succeeded, 


49.33 
44.71 
25.42 
31.25 
27.05 
42.07 
27.08 
25.00 
49.93 
39.86 
36.76 
39.19 
28.42 
43.94 
27.21 
29.93 
30.83 
83.96 
36.66 
29.94 
30.59 
31.38 
22.86 
25.48 
24.04 


33.86^ 


Succeeded 
partly. 


7.98 
3.79 
3.80 
7.00 
6.60 
7.07 
7.24 
8.86 
9.26 
8.45 

11.68 
8.16 
6.19 

12.12 
9.18 

16.69 

12.54 
7.64 

14,92 
7.03 

16,44 
8.74 

15.43 
8.78 

13.22 


9.83 


Failed. 


2.69 
1.50 
70.78 
61.75 
66.36 
50.86 
65.68 
66.14 
40.81 
51.69 
51.56 
52.65 
65.39 
43.94 
63.61 
54.38 
56.63 
58.40 
48.62 
63.03 
52.97 
59.88 
61.71 
65.74 
62.74 


66.81 


Lockouts. 


Total 
establish- 
ments 
involved, 


9 

42 

117 

354 

183 

1,509 

1,281 

180 

132 

324 

546 

716 

305 

875 

370 

51 

171 

164 

323 

2,281 

451 

1,304 

3,288 

2,316 

1,256 


Per  Cent,  of  establishments 
in  which  li^ckout — 


Succeeded, 


88.89 
64.29 
56.41 
27.97 
38,26 
21.18 
34.19 
74.44 
40.91 
65.74 
63.92 
69.13 
41.90 
11.31 
13.24 
80., 39 
60.82 
63.41 
18.01 
94.30 
37.03 
78.22 
81.39 
65.91 
31.60 


18,547  57.20 


Succeeded 
partly. 

~~11.11 


.28 

3.28 

13.11 

1.25 

3.89 

25.76 

5.56 

14.29 

25.28 

18.31 

2.40 

27 

.96 

.51 

.61 

.62 

.31 

42.13 

4,06 

5.17 

23.06 

32.64 


1. 

3. 


10.711 


Failed. 


35.71 
43.59 
71.75 
r)8.47 
65.71 
64.66 
21.67 
33.33 
28.70 
21.79 

5.59 
39.79 
86.29 
86.49 
17.65 
36.67 
35.98 
81.37 

5.39 
20.84 
17.72 
13.44 
21.03 
35.76 


32.09 


Statistics  of  Strikes  and  Lockouts. 


205 


STRIKES  AND  LO(^K0UTS— C'o7iim»<d. 


PRINCIPAL  CAUSES  OF  STRIKES. 


Cause  ok  Object. 


with   various 


For  increase  of  wages. . . , 
For  increase   of    wages 

canses 

Against  reduction  of  wages 

Against  reduction  of  wages,  with  various 

causes 

For  reduction  of  liours 

For  reduction  of  hours,  with  various 

causes    

Against  increase  of  hours 

Against  increase  of  hours, with  various 

causes 

Recognition  of  union  and  union  rules,.. 
Recognition  of  union  and  union  rules, 

with  various  causes 

Employment  of  certain  persons 

Employment  of  certain  persons,  with 

various  causes 

Method  and  time  of    payment,   with 

various  causes 

Docking, tines  and  charges,  with  various 

causes 

Working  conditions  and  rules 

Sympathy  with  strikers  and  employees 

locked  out  elsewhere 


Per  Cent,  of 

EsT!rblishments  in 

which  strike — 


Suc- 
ceeded, 


Suc- 
ceede  1 
partly. 


49.95 

46.87 
34.95 

67.40 
50.69 

52.35 
50.06 

61.53 
55.48 

38,66 
24.81 

29.03 

55.39 

22.07 
41.63 

20.68 


18.69 

25.18 
12.74 

6.21 
10.08 

21.93 
12.85 

6.15 
1.64 

24.58 
1.64 

18.42 

27.60 

59.45 
3.98 

2.79 


Failed. 


31.36 

27.95 
52.31J 

26.39' 
39.23 

25.72 
37.09 

32.32 

42. 8i 

36.76 
73.56 

52.55 

17.01 

18.48 
54.39 

76.53 


Strikers. 

Employees  thrown  out 
of  work. 

Number. 

Per  Cent,  of 

total 
(6,72'<,048). 

Number. 

Per  Cent,  of 

toiaj 
(8,-03,824). 

2,212,195 

32.88 

2,940,804 

33.79 

1,331,158 
856,947 

19.79 

12.74 

1,598,199 
1,158,485 

18.36 
13.31 

99,698 
389,876 

1.48 
6.79 

134,744 
614,4y6 

1.5.5 

5.91 

850,694 
65,883 

12.64 

.98 

1,004,135 

82,808 

11.54 
.95 

22,164 
610,088 

.33 
9.07 

28.686 
743,523 

.33 
8.64 

795,727 
287,883 

11.83 

4.28 

896,814 
402,339 

10.30, 
4.62 

139.767 

2.08 

163,268 

1.88 

235,668 

3.50 

251,996 

2.90 

171,404 
112,706 

2.55 
1.68 

177,740 
150,769 

2.04 
1.73 

259,316 

3.85 

373,968 

4.8U 

DURATION  OF  STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS. 

The  presentation  of  strikes  by  years  shows  that  the  average  duration  per  establishment  for  the 
twenty- five  years  from  1881  to  1905  was  25.4  days.  Durimf  these  years  the  average  duration  of 
strikes  varied  from  12.7  daysln  1881  to 35, 5  days  in  1904.  Of  all  establishments  involved  in  .strikes 
during  these  years  61. 38  per  cent,  were  closed,  and  the  average  number  of  daysclnsed  per  establish- 
ment was  20.1.  The  per  cent,  of  establishments  in  which  strikes  occurred  which  were  closed  by 
strikes  varied  from  45.54  per  cent,  in  1905  to  85.82  per  ceut.in  1895.  The  average  days  closed  per 
establishment  varied  from  12. 1  in  1881  to  36.9  in  1894. 

The  average  duration  of  strikes  per  establishment  varied  from  4.6  days  in  agriculture  to  83.2 
days  in  ore  mining.  Industries sliowiug  high  averages  are  pottery,  66,5  days;  gloves  and  mittens, 
64.6  days;  coal  and  coke,  50. 9 days. 

An  interesting  statement  in  the  report  is  the  one  showing  the  percent,  of  establishments 
involved  which  were  closed  by  strikes.  The  percentages  varied  from  9.72  per  cent,  in  slaughtering 
and  meat  packing  to  96. 71  per  cent,  in  coal  and  coke.  Industries  showing  a  low  percentage  or 
establishments  closed  were  lithographing  10  per  cent,  and  car  building  13.68  per  cent.  Industries 
.showing  a  high  percentage  of  establishments  closed  were  water  transportation  92.46  percent., 
women's  clothing  85.  20  percent. ,  ore  mining  84.55  per  cent.,  laundry  work  83.82  per  cent. ,  and 
men' s  clothing  82. 86  per  cent.  The  average  daysclosed  varied  from  3. 1  in  blacksmithing  and  horse- 
shoeing to  103. 4  in  the  manufacture  of  pottery. 

The  average  duration  of  all  lockouts  per  establishment  during  the  twenty- five- year  period, 
1881  to  1905,  was  84. 6  days,  the  percentage  of  establishments  involved  which  were  closed  was  68. 25 
per  cent. ,  and  the  average  days  closed  per  establishment  were  40. 4. 

The  average  duration  per  establishment  varied  from  twenty-seven  days  in  1901  to  265.1  days  in 
1900,  the  percentage  of  establishments  closed  from  30. 6.5  per  cent,  in  1899  to  91.89  per  cent. in  1900, 
and  the  average  davs  closed  from  10. 4  days  in  1901  to  95. 8  daysln  1900. 

In  the  building  trades— the  industry  in  which  lockouts  were  of  most  frequent  occurrence— the 
average  days  of  duration  per  establishment  was  105. 3,  the  percentage  of  establishments  closed  was 
72. 49  per  cent. ,  aud  the  average  days  closed  per  establishment  49.  3.  In  men's  clothing  the  average 
duration  was  33.8  days,  the  per  cent,  closed  86. 30,  aud  the  average  days  closed  32. 5. 


STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  SETTLED  BY  JOINT  AGREEMENT  AND  ARBITRATION, 
♦  1901  TO- 1905. 


Strikes. 

Lockouts. 

Ybar. 

Number. 

Number  settled 

by  joint 

agreenieut. 

Number  settled 

by 

arbitration. 

Number. 

Number  settled 

by  joint 

agreement. 

Number  settled 

by 

arbitration. 

1901 

2,924 
3,162 
3,494 
2.307 
2,077 

13,964 

149 
204 
246 
130 
74 

49 
58 
66 
23 
27 

88 

78 

154 

112 

109 

10 

11 

18 
17 
10 

2 

1902 

1 

1903 

3 

1904 

2 

1905 

3 

Total 

803 

•i23 

541 

66 

11 

206  Patent  Office  Procedure. 

patent  (B^tt  yrocttrure, 

Thk  following  statement  has  been  revised  by  thePateutOffice  forTHK  World  Almanac  for  1908: 

Patents  are  issued  in  the  name  of  the  United  States,  and  under  the  seal  of  the  Patent  Oftice,  to 
any  pei-sou  who  has  invented  or  discovered  any  new  and  useful  art,  machine,  manufacture,  or  com- 
position of  matter  or  any  new  and  useful  improvement  thereof,  or  any  new  original  and  ornamental 
design  for  an  article  of  manufacture,  not  Ivuown  or  used  by  othere  in  this  country  before  his  invention 
or  discovery  thereof, and  not  patented  or  described  in  any  printed  publication  "in  this  or  any  foreign 
country,  liefore  his  invention  or  discovery  thereof  or  more  than  two  years  prior  to  his  application, 
and  not  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  the  United  States  for  more  than  two  years  prior  to  his  application, 
unless  the  same  is  proved  to  have  been  abandoned;  upon  payment  of  the  fees  required  bylaw  and 
other  due  proceedings  had. 

Every  patent  contains  a  grrant  to  the  patentee,  his  heirs  or  assigns,  for  the  term  of  seventeen  years, 
except  in  the  case  of  design  patents,  of  tlie  exclusive  right  to  make,  use,  and  vend  the  invention  or 
discovery  throughout  the  United  States  and  the  Territories,  referring  to  the  specification  for  the  par- 
ticulars thereof. 

If  it  appear  that  the  inventor,  at  the  time  of  making  his  application,  believed  himself  to  be  the 
first  inventor  or  discoverer,  a  patent  will  not  be  refused  on  account  of  the  invention  or  discovery,  or 
any  part  thereof,  having  been  known  or  used  in  any  foreign  qpuntrj"  before  his  invention  or  discovery 
thereof,  if  it  had  not  been  before  patented  or  described  in  any  printed  publication. 

Joint  inventors  are  entitled  to  a  joint  patent;  neither  can  claim  one  separately.  Independent  in- 
ventors of  distinct  and  independent  improvements  in  the  same  machine  cannot  obtain  a  joint  patent 
for  their  separate  inventions;  nor  does  tlie  fact  that  one  furnishes  the  capital  and  another  makes  the 
invention  entitle  them  to  make  application  as  joint  inventors;  but  in  such  case  they  may  become  joint 
patentees. 

No  person  otherwise  entitled  thereto  will  be  debarred  from  receiving  a  patent  for  his  invention  or 
discovery,  by  reason  of  its  having  been  first  patented  or  caused  to  be  patented  by  the  inventor  or  his 
legal  representatives  or  assigns  in  a  foreign  country,  unless*  the  application  for  said  foreign  patent  was 
filed  more  than  twelve  months  prior  to  the  filing  of  the  application  in  this  country,  and  four  months 
in  cases  of  designs,  in  which  case  uo  patent  shall  be  granted  in  this  country. 

APPLICATIONS. 

Applications  for  a  patent  must  be  made  in  writing  to  the  Commissioner  of  Patents.  The  applicant 
must  also  tile  in  the  Patent  Office  a  written  description  of  the  invention  or  discovery,  and  of  the 
manner  and  process  of  making,  constructing,  compounding,  and  using  it,  in  such  full,  clear,  concise, 
and  exact  terms  as  to  enable  any  person  skilled  in  the  art  or  science  to  which  it  appertains,  or  with 
which  it  is  most  nearly  connected,  to  make,  construct,  compound,  and  use  the  saiue;  and  in  case  of  a 
machine,  he  must  e.xplaiu  the  principle  thereof,  and  the  best  mode  in  which  he  has  contemplated 
appl.ving  that  principle,  so  as  to  distinguish  it  from  other  inventions,  and  particularly  point  out  and 
disti'uctl.v  claim  the  part,  improvement,  or  combination  which  he  claims  as  his  invention  or  discovery. 
The  specification  and  claim  must  be  signed  by  the  inventor  and  attested  by  two  witnesses. 

When  the  nature  of  the  case  admits  of  drawings,  the  applicant  must  furnish  a  drawing  of  the  re- 
quired size,  signed  by  the  inventor  or  his  attorne.v  in  fact,  and  attested  by  two  witnesses.  In  all  cases 
which  admit  of  representation  by  model,  the  applicant,  if  required  by  the  Patent  Office,  shall  furnish 
a  naodel  of  convenient  size  to  exhibit  advantageously  the  several  parts  of  his  invention  or  discovery. 

The  applicant  shall  make  oath  that  he  verily  believes  himself  to  be  the  original  and  first  inventor 
or  discoverer  of  the  art,  inachine,  manufacture,  composition,  or  improvement  for  which  he  solicits  a 
patent;  that  he  does  not  know  and  does  not  believe  that  the  same  was  ever  before  known  or  used,  and 
shall  state  of  what  country  he  is  a  citizen  and  where  he  resides,  and  whether  he  is  the  sole  or  joint 
inventor  of  the  invention  claimed  in  his  application.  In  every  original  application  the  applicant 
must  distinctly  state  under  oath  t^jat  the  invention  has  not  been  patented  to  himself  or  to  others 
with  his  knowledge  or  consent  in  this  or  an.v  foreign  country  for  more  than  two  years  prior  to 
his  application,  or  on  an  application  for  a  patent  filed  in  any  foreign  country  by  himself  or  his  legal 
representatives  or  assigns  more  than  twelve  months  prior  to  his  application  in  this  country,  or  four 
months  in  cases  of  designs.  If  anj'  application  for  patent  has  been  filed  in  any  foreign  country  by  the 
applicant  in  this  country  or  by  his  legal  representatives  or  assigns,  prior  to  his  application  in  this 
country,  he  shall  state  the  country  or  countries  in  which  such  application  has  been  filed,  giving  the 
dateof  such  application,  and  shall  also  state  that  no  application  has  been  filed  in  any  other  country 
or  countries  than  those  mentioned ;  that  to  the  best  of  his  knowledge  and  belief  the  inveution  has  not 
been  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  the  United  States  nor  described  in  any  printed  publication  or  patent  in 
this  or  any  foreign  country  for  more  than  two  years  prior  to  his  application  in  this  countr.v.  Such 
oath  may  be  made  before  any  person  within  the  United  States  authorized  by  law  to  administer  oaths, 
or,  wheii  the  applicant  resides  in  a  foreign  country,  before  any  minister,  charge  d'affaires,  consul,  or 
commercial  agent  holding  commission  under  the  Government  of  the  Unitetf  States,  or  before  any 
notary  public,  judge  or  magistrate  having  an  official  seal  and  authorized  to  administer  oaths  in  that 
country  whose  authority  shall  be  proved  by  a  certificate  of  a  diplomatic  or  consular  officer  of  the 
United  States,  except  that  no  acknowledgment  maybe  taken  by  any  attorney  appearing  in  the  case. - 

On  the  filing  of  such  application  and  the  payment  of  the  fees  required  by  law,  if,  on  exami- 
nation, it  appears  that  the  applicant  is  justly  entitled  to  a  patent  under  the  law,  and  that  the  same  is 
sufficiently  useful  and  important,  the  Commissioner  will  issue  a  patent  therefor. 

Every  patent  or  any  interest  therein  shall  be  assignable  in  law  by  an  instrument  in  writing;  and  the 
patentee  or  his  assigns  or  legal  representatives  may,  in  like  manner,  grant  aud  convey  au  exclusive 
right  under  his  patent  to  the  whole  or  any  specified  part  of  the  United  States. 

'  REISSUES. 

A  reissue  is  granted  to  the  original  patentee,  his  legal  representatives,  or  the  assignees  of  the  entire 
interest  when,  by  reason  of  a  defective  or  insufficient  specification,  or  b.v  reason  of  the  patentee  claim- 
ing as  his  invention  or  discovery  more  than  he  had  a  right  to  claim  as  new,  the  original  patent  is  inop- 
erative or  invalid,  provided  the  error  has  arisen  from  inadvertence,  accident,  or  mistake,  and  without 
any  fraudulent  or  deceptive  intention.  Reissue  applications  must  be  made  aud  the  specifications 
sworn  to  by  the  inventors,  if  they  be  living. 

CAVEATS. 

A  caveat,  under  the  patent  law,  is  a  notice  given  to  the  office  of  the  caveator's  claim  as  Inventor, 
in  order  to  prevent  the  grant  of  a  patent  to  another  for  the  same  alleged  invention  upon  an  applicatioa 
filed  during  the  life  of  a  caveat  without  notice  to  the  caveator. 

Anj'  person  who  has  made  a  new  invention  or  discovery,  and  desires  further  time  to  mature  the 
same,  may,  ou  payment  of  a  fee  of  ten  dollars,  file  iu  the  Patent  Office  a  caveat  setting  forth  the 


Patent    Office   Procedure. 


207 


PATENT  OFFICE  PROCEDURE— C'o«ii?iMed. 


object  and  the  distinguishing  characteristics  of  the  invention,  and  prayini^  protection  of  bis  right  until 
he  shall  have  matured  his  invention.  Sucla  caveat  shall  be  filed  in  the  confidential  archives  of  the 
oliice  and  preserved  in  secrecy,  and  shall  be  operative  for  the  term  of  one  year  from  the  filing 
thereof.  The  caveat  may  be  renewed,  on  request  in  writing,  by  the  payment  of  a  second  fe«  of  ten 
dollars,  and  it  -^-ill  continue  in  force  for  one  year  from  the  payment  of  such  second  fee. 

The  caveat  must  comiirise  a  specification,  oath,  and,  when  the  nature  of  the  CJise  admits  of  it,  a 
drawing,  and,  like  the  application,  must  be  limited  to  a  single  iuveutiou  or  improvement. 

FEES. 

Fees  must  be  paid  in  advance,  and  are  as  follows:  On  filing  each  original  application  for  a  patent, 
S15.  On  issuing  each  original  patent,  §20.  In  design  cases:  For  three  years  and  si.x  months,  §10; 
for  .seven  years,  §15;  for  fourteen  years,  §;?0.  On  filing  each  caveat,  $10.  On  every  application  for 
the  reissue  of  a  patent,  §30.  On  filing  each  disclaimer,  §10.  For  certified  copies  of  patents  and  other 
papers  in  manuscript,  ten  cents  per  hundred  words  and  twenty-five  cents  for  the  certificate;  for 
certified  copies  of  printed  patents,  eighty  cents.  For  uncertified  printed  copies  of  specificationsand 
drawings  of  patents,  for  single  copies,  or  any  number  of  unclassified  copies,  five  cents  eacli ;  for  copies 
by  subclasses,  three  cents  each;  b.v  classes,  two  cents  each.  For  recording  every  assignment,  agree- 
ment, power  of  attorne.v,  or  other  paper,  of  three  hundred  words  or  under,  $1;  of  over  three  hundred 
and  under  one  thousand  words,  §2;  of  over  one  thousand  words,  §;3.  For  copies  of  drawings,  the 
reasonable  cost  of  making  them,  ''"he  Patent  Office  is  prepared  to  furnish  positive  photographic  copies 
of  any  drawing,  foreign  or  domestic,  in  the  possession  of  the  office,  in  sizes  and  at  rates  as  follows: 
Large  size,  10x15  inches,  twent.v-five  cents;  medium  size,  8xl2J^  inches,  fifteen  cents.  Fee  for  e.xam- 
ining  and  registering  trade-mark,  $10,  wliich  includes  certificate.  Stamjis  cannot  be  accepted  by  the 
Patent  OITice  in  payment  of  fees,  ytainps  and  stamped  envelopes  should  not  be  sent  to  the  olfice  for 
replies  to  letters,  as  stamps  are  not  required  on  mail  matter  emanating  from  the  Patent  Office. 

PATENT    OFFICE    STATISTICS. 

The  receipts  of  the  Patent  Office  during  the  year  ending  December  31, 1906,  were  $1,790,921,38. 
and  expenditures.  §1,554,890.20.      Receipts  ever  expenditures.  §236,031. 18. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  business  of  the  office  for  the  year  ending  December  31,  1906: 

Number   of    patents    granted,    including 

designs 31,806 

Patents  reissued 159 


Total 31,965 

Number  of  trade-marks  registered 10.568 

Number  of  labels  registered 709 

Number  of  prints  registered 656 

Total 11,933 

Number  of  patents  expired 23,360 

Number  of  patents  withheld  for  non-pay- 
ment of  final  fees 5,021 

Number  of  applications  allowed  awaiting 
final  fees 10,800 

Number  of  tr:ide-maik  applications  pas- 
sed for  publication 11,756 


Number  of  applications  for  patents 55, 471 

Number  of  applications  for  design  patents        806 
Number  of  applications  for  reissue  patents        205 

Total 56,482 

Number  of  caveats  filed 1,885 

Number  of  applications  for  registration  of 

t  rade-  marks 8, 493 

Number  of -applications  for  registration  of 

labels 844 

Number  of  applications  for  prints 419 

Number  of  disclaimers  filed 9 

Number  of  appeals  on  the  merits 1.390 

Total 13.040 

Number  of  applications, etc., requiringin- 
vestigation  and  action 10,602 

The  total  number  of  applications  tiled  at  the  Patent  Office  in  seventy  years,  1837-1906,  was 
1,465,986;  number  of  caveats  filed,  123.176;  number  of  original  patents,  including  designs  and 
reissues  issued,  890,650;  net  surplus  in  the  U.S.  Treasury  on  account  of  the  patent  fund,  §6,427,- 
021. 86. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  patents  and  designs  issued  in  1906  according  to  residence  of 
patentees: 

Alabama,  131;  Alaska,  11,;  Arizona,  37;  Arkansas,  120;  California,  1,115;  Colorado,  383;  Con- 
necticut, 845;  Delaware,  49;  District  of  Columbia.  236;  Florida,  7.S;  (ieorgia,  224:  Hawaii.  17; 
Idaho,  64:  Illinois,  3,107;  Indiana,  782;  Indian  Territory,  61;  Iowa.  691 :  Kansas,  33'>;  Kentucky, 
267;  Louisiana,  164;  JNIaine,  151;  ^faryland,  303:  Ma.ssachusetts,  1,675;  Michigan,  952;  Minnesota, 
503;  INfississippi,  100;  Missouri.  957;  ^Sfontana,  96;  Nebraska,  275;  Nevada,  12;  New  Hampshire, 
81;  New  .Tersey,  1,298;  New  Mexico.  28;  New  York.  4.642;  Norh  Carolina,  144:  North  Dakota. 
85;  Ohio, 2. 167;  Oklahotnfi.130;  Oregon, 161;  Panama, 3:  Pennsvlvania,o,0l4  :  Phillipine  lsiands.8; 
Porto  Rico. 3;  Rhode  Island. 303:  South  Carolina. 74;  South  Dakota,  98;  Tennessee,  3.56;  T"xas.437; 
Utah, 79;  Vermont,  87;  Virginia,  267;  Washington,  327;  West  Virgin ia, 203;  Wisconsin,  653;  Wvo- 
niing.  30;  U.  S.  Army,  7;  U.  S.  Nav.v,  8;  U.  S.  Revenue  Service,  1.     TDtal,  28,335. 

Foreign  countries:  Austria-Hungarv,  133;  Belgium,  61;  Canada.  461;  Cuba,  8;  Denmark.  28; 
Fnglaiid,852;  France.  314;  Germany.  991;  Italy,  34;  Jamaica. 2;  Mexico.  25;  Russia,  28;  Scotland, 
66;  Sweden,  61;  Switzerland,  78;  other  countries,  329.     Total  foreign,  3.471. 

GENERAL  PATENT  STATISTICS. 

The  following  table  is  compiled  from  the  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Patents  for  1907.  It 
exhibits  the  number  of  patents  issued  by  foreign  countries  and  the  United  States  from  ttie  earliest 
records  to  December  31,  1906: 


COUNTRIE-S. 


To   187n 
Inclusiv.-. 


Ausiria 

Austria-Hungarj'. . 

Belgium 

Canada 

France 

<-!ermany 

Great  Britain 

Hungary 

India 

Italy  and  Sardinia. 


1871  to  1906. 


15  350 
35.044 

4,081 
103.934 

9.  !)96 
53,408 

"445 
4,723 


Total. 


46,183 

67.583 

168.248 

102, 137 

281,755 

387,    77 

212.996 

33.406 

8,638 

74.979 

11,349 


46. 

82, 
20:5, 
106, 
385. 
197, 
266, 

33, 
;♦, 

79, 

11 


183 

S»33 

292 

218 

689 

873 

404 

406 

083 

702  i 

349; 


COUNTBIBS. 


Russia 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

All    otlKM-     foreign 
countries ,230,074  1,307,249 


To   1870 
Iiiclu.iive. 


1.464 
1,629 


1S71  to  1906. 


16.404 
35.900 
23  097 
36, 697 


Totil. 


17.868 
35.900 
24.726 
36.697 

1  517.323 


Total  foreign '238,437  1, .538, 755 

UnitedStates 120.573;     729,182 


Grand  total 359.010  2.267,937 


1,777,192 
849.755 


2.626.947 


208 


The  Public  Lands  of  the  United  States. 


K\)t  J^utJlic  Hautrs  of  tijc  sanitcTi  .^tatts* 

(Prepared  for  Thk  World  Almax.\c  by  the  General  I,and  Office.) 
TABri-AK  statement  showing  area  of  public  lands  vacant  and  subject  to  entry  and  settlement 
iu  the  public  land  .States  and  Territories,  July  1,  1907  : 


State  or  Territory. 

Area  Unappeopkiatkd  and  Unkesebvkd. 

Surveyed. 

Unsur\  eyed. 

Total. 

Alabama                                         

Acres. 

156,820 

7,125 

12.753,267 

1,497,142 

23,746,8.9 

23,053,308 

375,926 

8,796,687 

315,674 

73,287 

286,419 

1,763,122 

50,280 

i>8,414 

21,024,719 

3,543,161 

32,804,144 

3X,368,^50 

2,716,835 

"2V,76o 

12,859,473 

7,690.098 

12.008,033 

2,678,658 

16,240 

35,136,4:8 

Acrt-s. 

»368,0-8",850 
32,766,679 

6,644,209 

1,847,491 

61,648 

21,270,257 

•  •   .  •  •  • 

"65',oi8 
391,133 

28,774,795 

2-<.364,337 

13,900.732 

182,850 

4,'8Vr,456 

140.667 

25,201.111 

2,311,279 

2,"733,808 

Acres. 
156,820 

Alaska 

368,03.S.J75 

45,619,946 

1,497,142 

California                .    .                      

30.391,048 

Colorado 

Florida 

24.900,799 
437,574 

30,066,944 

Illinois 

Indiana     

Indian  Territory 

l,,wa 

Kansas -t 

315,674 

Louisiana 

138,305 

Michigan ? 

286.419 

Minnesota 

Mississipid 

2,154,265 
50,280 

Missouri 

88,414 

Montana 

49.799,514 

Nebraska 

3,54  ,161 

Nevada 

61,158,581 

47.269,5^2 

North  Dakota 

2,899,685 

Oklahoma 

27,700 
17.730,929 

South  Dakota 

7.»30,766 

37,209,114 

Washin'^ton .           ... 

4,9»9.9o7 

16,240 

Wyoming 

37.870,236 

236,838,749 

537,546,320 

774,385,069 

*The  unreserved  lands  in  Al.tska  are  mostly  unsurveyeil  and  un.ippropriated. 

Cash  recfipts  of  the  General  Land  Office  during  the  tiscal  year  ended  .lune  30,  1907,  wore  :  From  the  disposal  of  public 
lands,  $9,547,273.51  ;  f  rom  tlie  disjiosal  of  Inilian  lan.Is,  $1,892,805.70  ;  from  ilepreiUtions  on  public  lamls,  $78,11<.05  ;  from 
depredations  on  Indian  lands,  $1, "43.62  ;  from  sales  of  old  government  |>roperty  (  office  furniture,  etc.),  $543.55  ;  from  furnish- 
ing copies  of  records  and  plats,  $;«, 093.57.     Total  receipts,  ^11.553,178.00. 

The  total  number  of  entries  made,  acres  sold  and  amount  received  therefor  under  the  Timber  and  Stone  Acts  of  ,Iune  3, 
1878,  and  August  4,  1892,  from  June  3,  1S78,  to  June  :J0,  1907,  were  :  Entries,  7»i,826  ;  acres,  10,395,689.96  ;  amount,  $26,003,171.11. 

UNITED  STATES  LAND  OFFICES. 


Statk  ok 

TEIlKITor.Y. 

Land   Office.            ] 

State  ok 
Thuuiturv. 

Land   OfSce. 

STAVK    1.1B 

Tkrriti'UY. 

Land   Office. 

Alabama 

iMontgomery. 

Xansas 

Dodire  Citv. 

No.  Dakota. . 

Williston. 

Ala.ska 

Fairbanks. 

t  i 

Topeka. 

Oklahoma. .. 

Alva. 

k  i 

Juneau. 

Louisiana  . . . 

Natchitoches. 

k  k 

El  Reno. 

Nome. 

i  fc 

New  Orleans. 

k  k 

Guthrie. 

Arizona 

Phoeni.T. 

Michigan 

Marquette. 

«  k 

Law  ton. 

Arkansas  — 

Camden. 

Minnesota. . . 

(.'ass  Lake. 

Woodward. 

i  i 

Dardanelle. 

i  w 

Crookstou. 

Orpffon 

Burns. 

Ilarrison. 

i  i 

Duluth. 

La  Grande. 

Little  Rock. 

Mississippi  . . 

Jackson. 

k  k 

Lakeview. 

California. ., 

Eureka. 

Missouri 

Springfield. 

k  k 

Portland. 

Independence. 
Los  Angeles. 

Montana  — 

Billings. 

k  k 

Koseburg. 

i  t 

Bozeman. 

k  k 

The  Dalles. 

Oakland. 

i  « 

Glasgow. 

So.  Dakota.. 

Aberdeen. 

Redding. 

i  i 

Great  Falls. 

«  k 

Chamberlain. 

Sacramento. 

i  i 

Helena. 

k  k 

Huron. 

Susanville. 

i  K 

Kalispell. 

k  k 

Mitchell. 

Vi.salia. 

b  i 

Lewistown. 

k  k 

Pierre. 

Colorado 

Del  Norte. 

b  % 

Miles  City. 

k  k 

Rapid  City. 

Denver. 
Durango. 

Nebraska  .. . 

Missoula. 
Alliance. 

Utah.   .. 

Sjilt  Lake  City. 

i  i 

i  i 

Vernal. 

Glenwood  Springs. 

<>  > 

Broken  Bow. 

Washington. 

North  Vakima. 

Hugo. 

k  i 

Lincoln. 

^  ^ 

Olvmpia. 

Lamar. 

k  k 

North  Platte. 

Seattle. 

lipadville. 

k  k 

O'Neill. 

k  k 

Spokane. 

^  ^                  .... 

Mont  rose. 

k  V 

Valentine. 

k  k 

Vancouver. 

Pueblo. 

XpvHfia 

Canson  City. 

k  k 

Walla  Walla. 

Sterling. 

New  Mexico. 

Clavton. 

k  k 

Waterville. 

Florida 

Gainpsville. 

kk^ 

Las  Cruce-s. 

Wisconsin. . . 

Wausau. 

Idaho 

Blaokfoot. 

k  k 

Rosv/ell. 

Wyomiug .  - . 

ButTalo. 

Bois(>. 

k  k 

Santa  Fe. 

Cheveinie. 

"      

Copurd' Alene. 

No.  Dakota.. 

Bismarck. 

k  k 

Douglas. 

"      

Kailev. 

b  i 

Devil's  Lake, 

k  k 

■ . . 

Evanston. 

* ' 

Lewiston. 

t  i 

Dickinson, 

" 

Lander. 

Iowa.   

Des  Moines, 

b  ( 

Fargo. 

k  s 

Sundance. 

Kansas 

Colby. 

h  1 

Mi  not. 

! 

United  States  Executive  Civil  jSe^'vice,  200 

I  —  ■  '  ~  —  -        —  -  -  -  I 

Sani'tcti  <Statcs  i5.vccuttt)c  (tiiyil  .Scrbice. 

(Revised  for  this  issue  of  The  World  Almanao  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Civil  Service  Commission.) 

The  purpose  of  the  Civil  Service  act,  as  declared  in  its  title,  is  "to  regulate  and  improve  the  Civil 
Service  of  the  United  States."  It  provides  for  the  appointment  of  three  Commissioners,  a  chief  Examiner, 
a  Secretary,  and  otlier  employes,  and  makes  it  the  duty  of  the  Commissioners  to  aid  the  President  as 
he  may  request  in  preparing  suitable  rules  for  carrying  the  act  into  effect;  to  make  repulations  to  govern 
all  examinations  held  under  the  provisions  of  the  act,  and  to  make  investigations  and  report  upon  all 
matters  touching  the  enforcement  and  effect  of  the  rules  and  regulations.  The  address  of  the  Commis- 
sion is  Washington,  D.  0. 

PR0VIS90NS    OF   THE    RULES. 

The  act  requires  the  rules  to  provide,  as  nearly  as  the  conditions  of  good  administration  will 
warrant,  for  open  competitive  practical  examinations  for  testing  the  fitness  of  applicants  for  the  classi- 
fied service:  for  the  tilling  of  all  vacancies  by  selections  from  among  those  graded  highest:  for  the 
apportionment  of  appointments  at  Washington  among  tlie  States  upon  the  basis  of  population:  for  a 
period  of  probation  betora  absolute  appointmdut;  that  no  person  in  the  public  service  shall  be  o))liged 
to  contribute  service  or  money  for  political  purposes  ;  and  that  no  person  in  said  service  has  any  right 
to  use  his  official  authority  or  influence  to  coerce  the  political  action  of  any  person  or  body. 

EXTENT  OF  THE  SERVICE. 

There  are  about  327,000  positions  in  the  Executive  Civil  Service,  over  half  of  which,  or  184,178,  are 
subject  to  competitive  examination.  The  expenditure  for  salaries  in  the  Executive  Civil  Service  is  over 
$200,000,000  a  year.  The  Civil  Service  act  does  not  require  the  classitication  of  persons  appointed  by 
the  President  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate  or  of  persons  employed  merely  as  laborers  or  workmen. 
Many  positions  are  excdpted  in  part  from  the  provisions  of  the  rules  for  various  ressons,  the  largest 
single  class  being  those  of  fourth-class  postmasters,  of  which  there  were  60,592  on  January  1,  1906. 

APPLSCATIONS. 

Persons  seeking  to  be  examined  must  file  an  application  blank.  The  blank  for  the  Departmental 
Service  at  Washington,  Railway  Mail  Service,  the  Indian  School  Service,  and  the  Government  Printing 
Service  should  be  requested  directly  of  the  Civil  Service  Commission  at  Washington.  The  blank  for 
tne  Customs,  Postal,  or  Internal  Revenue  Service  should  be  requested  of  the  Civil  Service  Board  of 
Examiners  at   the  office  where   service  is  sought. 

Applicants  for  examination  must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  proper  age.  No  per- 
son using  intoxicating  liquors  to  excess  may  be  appointed.  No  discrimination  is  made  on  account  of 
sex,  color,  or  political  or  religious  opinions.  The  limitations  of  age  vary  with  the  different  services,  but 
do  not  apply  to  any  person  honorably  discharged  from  the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States 
by  reason  of  disability  resulting  from  wounds  or  sickness  incurred  in  the  line  of  duty. 

EXAMINATIONS. 

The  examinations  are  open  to  all  persons  qualified  in  respect  to  age,  citizenship,  legal  residence, 
character,  and  health.  During  the  fiscal  year  ended  Juno  30,  1907,  115,706  persons  were  examined,  90,301 
passed,  and  38,541  were  appointed.  Of  those  appointed,  9, 150  were  rural  letter-carriers.  In  addition 
to  these,  mechanics  and  workmen  at  navy  yards  are  appointed  on  registration  tests  of  fitness  given  by  a 
board  of  labor  employment  at  each  yard.  During  the  year,  20  6.58  applications  were  made;  20,435  were 
registered,  and  10,495  were  appointed.  Nearly  seven  hundred  different  kinds  of  examinations  were  held, 
each  one  of  which  involved  different  tests.  Two  hundred  and  forty-eight  of  these  examinations  con- 
tained educational  tests,  the  others  being  for  mechanical  trades  or  skilled  occupations  and  consisting 
of  certificates  of  employers  or  fellow-workmen.  Examinations  are  held  twice  a  year  in  each  State  and 
Territory,  the  places  and  dates  being  publicly  announced. 

APPOINTMENTS. 

In  case  of  a  vacancy  not  filled  by  promotion,  reduction,  transfer,  or  reinstatement,  the  highest  three 
of  the  sex  called  for  on  the  appropriate  register  are  certified  for  appointment,  the  apportionment  being 
considered  in  appointments  at  Washington.  In  the  absence  of  eligibles,  or  when  the  work  is  of  short 
duration,  temporary  appointments,  without  examination,  are  permitted.  The  number  of  women  apply- 
ing for  ordinary  clerical  places  is  greatly  in  excess  of  the  cnUs  of  appointing  officers.  The  chances  of 
appointment  are  good  for  teachers,  matrons,  seamstresses,  and  physioiaiis  in  the  Indian  Service,  for 
male  stenographers  and  typewriters,  draughtsmen,  patent  examiners,  civil,  mechanical,  and  ciootrioni 
engineers,  and  for  technical  and  scientific  experts. 

PREFERENCE  CLAIMANTS. 

Persons  who  served  in  the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States,  and  were  discharged  by 
reason  of  disabilities  resulting  from  wounds  or  sickness  incurred  in  the  line  of  duty,  are,  under  the  Civil 
Service  rules,  given  certain  preferences.  They  are  released  from  all  maximum  age  limitations,  are 
eligible  for  appointment  at  a  grade  of  65,  while  all  others  are  obliged  to  obtain  a  grade  of  70.  and  are 
certified  to  appointing  officers  before  all  others.  Subject  to  the  other  conditions  of  the  rules,  a  veteran 
of  the  rebellion  or  of  the  war  with  Spain,  or  the  widow  of  any  such  person,  or  any  army  nurse  of  either 
war,  may  be  reinstated  without  regard  to  the  length  of  time  he  or  she  has  been  separated  from  the 
service. 

INSULAR    POSSESSIONS. 

Examinations  are  also  held  for  positions  in  the  Philippines,  Porto  Rico,  and  Hawaii,  and  also  for  the 
Isthmian  Canal  service. 

THE    UNCLASSIFIED    SsiRViCE. 

Under  an  executive  order  unclassified  laborers  are  appointed  after  open,  competitive  examination 
upon  their  physical  condition.     This  action  is  outside  the  Oivil  Service  act. 

PUBLICATIONS    OF    THE    COMMISSION. 

Among  the  publications  of  the  Commission  for  free  distribution  are  the  following: 

Manual  of  Examinitions,  giving  places  and  dates  nt  examinations,  rul>^s  by  wliicii  papers  are  rated, 
descriptions  of  examinations,  specimen  questions,  and  general  information. 

The  Civil  Service  Act  and  Rules. 

The  Annual  Reports  of  the  Commission,  showing  its  work.  These  annual  reports,  of  which  twenty- 
three  have  been  issued,  may  be  consulted  at  public  libraries. 


^10  CivU  Service   Rules  in  the   City  of  l^ew   YorTc. 


aribfl  ^rrbfcc  ruilcs  in  tfjc  muj^  of  KcU)  ¥ovtt. 

SYVOPsrsof  rej;nlations  governing  the  admission  of  persons  into  the  civilservice  of  the  City  of  New 
York.  Iiilorination  may  also  he  had  by  applj'iag  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Municipal  Civil  Service 
Commission,  299  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

Under  the  White  Civil  Service  law.  Chapter  370,  Laws  of  1899,  April  19,  the  rules  apply  to  all 
positions  in  the  service  of  the  City  of  New  York  except  officers  elected  by  the  people,  all  legislative 
officers  and  employes,  heads  of  any  department,  or  superintendents,  principals,  or  teachers  in  a  public 
school,  aca^lemy,  or  college.  This  requires  "examinations,  wherever  practicable,  to  ascertain  the 
litness  of  applictints  for  appointment  to  the  civil  service  of  said  city. ' '  The  Coustitutioa  requires  that 
these  examiualiuus  shall  be  competitive,  ' '  so  far  as  practicable. ' ' 

APPLICATSONS. 

Applications  of  competitors  for  positions  must  be  addressed  to  the  "Secretary  of  the  Municipal 
Civil  Service  Commission,  New  York  City,"  and  must  set  forth: 

Applications  are  only  received  when  an  examination  is  ordered  for  a  position. 

First— The  affidavit  of  the  applicant  showing  his  age,  whether  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, giving 
his  place  of  residence,  with  the  street  and  numl)er  thereof,  if  any;  tlie  place,  nature,  and  extent  of  his 
education,  and  of  his  business  training  and  experience,  and  stating  wliether  he  has  ever  been  in  the 
civil  service  of  the  City  of  New  York,  or  in  the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States,  and  if 
so,  when  and  where. 

Second— A  statement  whether  such  application  is  limited  to  any  particular  office  in  the  service. 

Third— The  certificate  of  four  reputable  persons  of  the  City  of  New  York,  that  they  have  been 
personally  acquainted  with  the  applicant  for  at  least  one  year,  and  believe  him  to  be  of  good  moral 
character,  of  temperate  and  industrious  habits,  and  in  all  respects  fit  for  the  service  he  wishes  to  enter, 
and  that  each  of  them  is  willing  that  such  certificate  should  be  published  for  pul)lic  information,  and 
will  upon  request  give  such  further  information  concerning  tlie  applicant  as  he  may  possess. 

Applicants  for  the  following  po.sitions  must,  before  being  admitted  to  examination,  present  satis- 
factory evidence  as  to  the  following  facts: 

First— If  the  jjosition  to  V)e  filled  be  that  of  physician,  surgeon,  medical  officer,  inspector  of  vacci- 
nation, or  sanitary  inspector,  that  the  applicant  is  duly  authorized  by  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New 
York  to  practise  medicine  and  surgery.  Second— If  the  position  to  be  filled  be  that  of  chemist  or  ana- 
lyzer, that  the  applicant  has  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Sciences,  or  its  equivalent,  from  some 
institution  duly  authorized  by  law  to  confer  such  degree. 

In  positions  where  the  duties  are  professional,  technical,  or  expert,  the  candidates  will  be  required 
to  show  what  preliminary  training  or  technical  education  they  have  undergone  to  qualify  them  lor  such 
situations  before  they  can  be  admitted  to  examination. 

In  all  examinations  for  professional  positions,  or  positions  Requiring  technical  knowledge,  no 
person  shall  be  placed  on  the  eligible  list  who  obtains  a  rating  in  teciinical  knowledge  of  less  than  75. 

CONDUCT    OF    EXAMINATIONS. 

Applicants  shall  be  admitted  to  examination  upon  the  production  of  the  official  notification  to 
appear  for  that  purpose.  Each  applicant  shall  receive  a  number,which  shall  be  indoi-sed  upon  his  noti- 
fication when  produced,  and  the  notifications  so  indorsed  shall  be  sealed  in  an  envelope.  Kach  appli- 
cant shall  sign  his  examination  papei^s  with  his  number,  omitting  his  name,  and  the  envelope  shall  not 
be  opened  until  all  the  examination  papers  have  been  received  and  tbe  markings  and  gradings  made. 

All  paper  upon  which  examinations  are  to  be  written  shall  be  furnished  to  the  applicants  by  the 
eraminmg  board  and  shall  bear  some  suitable  official  indorsement,  stamp,  or  mark,  for  the  purpose  of 
identifying  the  samo. 

All  examinations  shall  be  in  writing,  except  such  as  refer  to  expertness  or  physical  qualities,  and 
except  as  herein  otherwise  provided. 

The  sheets  of  questions  shall  be  numbered  and  .shall  be  given  out  in  the  order  of  their  numbers, 
each,  after  the  first,  being  given  onlv  when  the  competitor  has  returned  to  the  examiners  the  last 
sheet  given  to  him.  In  general,  no  exanii  nation  shall  extend  bevond  five  hours  without  intermission; 
and  no  questions  given  out  at  any  session,  to  any  candidate,  shall  be  allowed  to  be  answered  at 
another  session. 

Each  examiner  shall  exercise  all  due  diligence  to  .secure  fairness  andpreveut  all  collu.sion  and 
fraud  in  the  examinations. 

The  time  allowed  for  completing  the  examination  .shall  be  announced  before  the  first  paper  is 
given  out. 

The  following  municipal  departments  and  offices  come  under  jurisdiction  of  Civil  Service  rules: 


AcooDnts,  Coin.  of. 
Armory,  Bo.ard  of. 
AHsessopi,  Boarii  of. 
A'linfiiuot  Commissinn. 
Bellevue  aii'l  Allied  Hngpitals. 
Boird  of  Water  Supiily. 
Brii'.ees,  Dept.   of. 
Bni.iklyn  Disciplinary  Training 

School  for  Boys. 
Biiildinifs,  Dept.  of. 
Charities,  Dept.  of  Public. 


CityKeoord,  Supervisor  of  the. 

Civil  Servi(re  Comraissioi. 

College  of  the  City  of  NewY'ork 

Correction,  Dept.  of. 

Coroners. 

Court,  City. 

Court,  City  Magistrate. 

Court,  Municlp  il. 

Court  of  Specal  Sessions. 

D'lcks  a-'d  Ferries,  Dept.  of. 

Education,  Dept.  of. 


Elections,  Board  of.  i  P.irks,  Dept.  of. 

Estimate    and    Apportionment, I   Police  Dept. 

Board  «f.  Presides  ts  of  Boroughs. 

Exa:iiiiiers,  Board  of.  —  .  ••    -—     •     — 

•  Finance  Dept. 

Fire  Dept. 

Health  Dept. 

Law  Dept. 

Mayor's  Office. 
i  X.jrmal  College, 


Public  Works  Bureau 
Sinking  Fund  Commission. 
Street  Cleaning,  Dept.  of. 
Taxes  and  Asses-sm't*,  Dept.  of. 
Tenement  House  Dept. 
Water   Supply,  G.as,  and  Elec- 
tricity, Dept.  of. 


The  inspectors  of  elections  and  poll  clerks  are  exempt  from  examination.    Special  patrolmen, 
appointed  pursuant  to  section  269  of  the  .NTew  York  City  Consolidation  act,  are  al.so  exempt. 


International  Bureau  of  the  American  Hepuhlics.  211 


General  <Scrbice  J^cnsion  HaU). 

Chapter  463  of  the  acts  of  the  Fiftj'-ninth  Congress,  second  session,  entitled  "  An  act  granting 
pensions  to  certain  enlisted  men,  soldiers  and  officers  who  served  in  the  civil  war  and  the  war  with 
Mexico.  "  approved  February  6,  1907,  provides  a  pension  for  all  veteran  soldiers  of  the  Mexican  and 
civil  war  who  have  reached  the  age  of  sixty-two  years,  Irrespective  of  physical  disability.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  text  of  the  act  ; 

Be  it  enacted,  etc. .  That  any  person  who  served  ninety  days  ormore  In  the  military  or  naval  ser- 
vice of  the  United  States  during  the  late  civil  war  or  sixty  days  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  who  has 
been  honorably  discharged  therefrom,  and  who  has  reached  the  age  of  sixty-two  years  or  over,  shall, 
upon  making  proof  of  such  facts  according  to  such  rules  and  resfulations'as  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  niaj' provide  be  placed  upon  the  pension  roll,  and  be  entitled  to  receive  a  pension  as  follows: 
In  case  such  person  has  reached  tlie  age  of  sixty-two  years,  twelve  dollars  per  month;  seventy 
years,  fifteen  dollars  per  month;  seventy- five  years  or  over,  twentv  dollars  per  month  ;  and  such  pen- 
sion shall  commence  from  the  date  of  the  filing  of  the  ai)plication  In  the  Bureau  of  Pensions  after  the 
pa.ssage  and  approval  of  this  act ;  Provided.  That  pensioners  who  are  sixty-two  years  of  age  or  over, 
and  who  are  now  receiving  pensions  under  existing  laws,  or  whose  claims'are  pending  in  the  Bureau 
of  Pensions,  may,  by  application  to  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  in  such  form  as  he  may  prescribe, 
receive  the  benefits  of  this  act  ;  and  nothing  herein  contained  shall  prevent  any  pensioner  or  person 
entitled  to  a  pension  from  prosecuting  his  claim  and  receiving  a  pension  under  any  other  generator 
special  act  Pi-ovided,  That  no  pei-son  shall  receive  a  pension  under  any  other  law  at  the  same  time 
or  for  the  same  period  that  he  is  receiving  a  pension  under  tlie  provisions  of  this  act.  Provided 
f}irlher.  That  no  person  who  is  now  receiving  or  shall  hereafter  receive  a  greater  pension  under  any 
other  general  or  special  law  than  he  would  be  entitled  to  receive  under  the  provisions  herein  .shall  be 
pensionable  under  this  act. 

Section  2.  That  rank  in  the  service  shall  not  be  considered  in  applications  filed  hereunder. 

Sections.  That  no  pension  attorney,  claim  agent,  or  other  person  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  any 
dompensation  for  services  rendered  in  presenting  any  claim  to  the  Bureau  of  Pensions,  or  securing 
any  pension  under  this  act. 


K\^t   JiutJltc   Jj^calti). 


Provision' for  the  Public  Health  is  made  by  tlie  United  States  under  the  following  regulations: 

The  Surgeon-General  of  the  Public  Health  and  Marine-Hospital  Service  is  charged  with  the 
supervision  of  the  marine  hospitals  and  other  relief  stations  of  the  service  and  the  care  of  sick  and 
disabled  seamen  taken  from  merchant  vessels  of  the  United  States  (ocean,  lake  and  river)  and  vessels 
of  the  Light-House  Service  and  officers  and  men  of  the  Revenue-Cutier  Service,  Coast  and  Geodetic 
Survey,  and  surfmen  of  the  Life-Saving  Service.  This  supervision  includes  the  purveying  of  medical 
and  other  supplies,  the  assignment  of  orders  to  medical  officers,  the  examination  of  requisitions, 
vouchers,  and  property  returns,  and  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  service. 

Under  his  direction  all  applicants  for  pilots^  licenses  are  examined  for  the  detection  of  color- 
blindness. Ordinary  seamen  on  request  of  the  master  or  agent  are  examined  physically  to  determine 
their  fitness  before  shipment,  and  a  like  examination  is  made  of  the  candidates  for  admission  to  the 
Kevenue-Cutter  Sers'ice  and  candidates  for  appointment  as  surfmen  in  the  United  States*  Life- Saving 
Service.  He  examines  also  and  passes  upon  tne  medical  certificates  of  claimants  for  pensions  under 
the  laws  governing  the  Life-Saving  Service. 

Under  the  act  of  February  1.5,  1893,  he  Is  charged  with  the  framing  of  regulations  for  the  preven- 
tion of  theintroduction  and  spread  of  contagious  disease  and  is  also  charged  with  the  conduct  of  the 
quarantine  service  of  the  United  States. 

Undertheact  of  Jnlyl,  1902,  the  name  ot  the  Marine- Hospital  Service  was  changed  to  that  of  the 
Public  Health  and  Marine-Hospital  Service,  and  the  Surgeon-General,  in  the  interest  of  the  public 
health,  is  authorized  to  call  conferences  at  least  once  a  year  of  the  State  and  Territorial  boards  of 
health,  quarantine  authorities,  and  State  health  oflicers  (the  District  of  Columbia  included)  for  the 
purpose  of  considering  matters  relating  to  the  public  health. 

Under  the  law  he  is  charged  with  the  direction  of  the  hygienic  laboratory  for  the  investigation  of 
contagions  and  infectious  disease  and  other  matters  relating  to  the  public  health;  with  the  publication 
of  the  weekly  Public  Health  Reports  of  the  United  States,  including  the  collection  and  publication  of 
vital  statistics,  and  is  responsible  for  the  proper  enforcement  of  the  "Act  to  regulate  the  sale  of 
viruses,  serums,  toxins,  and  analogous  products  In  the  District  of  Columbia,  to  regulate  interstate 
tralTic  in  said  articles,  and  for  other  purposes;"  approved  Julyl,  1902.  . 

Under  the  law  of  March  28,1890.  known  as  the  Interstate-Quarantine  Law,  he  is  charged  with 
preparing  the  rules  and  regulations,  under  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Trea.snr^,  necessary  to 
prevent  the  introduction  of  certain  contagious  diseases  from  one  State  to  another. 

international  iJureau  of  t^e  American  BcpuiJltcs. 

The  International  Bureau  of  the  American  Repujjlics  was  established  under  the  recommendation 
of  the  First  International  American  Conference,  held  in  the  City  of  Washington  in  1890  for  the  purpose 
of.maintaining  closer  relations   bf^tween  the  several   Republics  of  the  Western  Hemisphere.     It  wa^ 
reorganized  by  the  Recoiid  International  American  Conference,  held  in  the  City  of  Mexico  in  1901,  and 
its  scope  widened   by  imposin?    many   new  and   important  duties.      A  prominent  feature   of  the  new 
arraneement  was  the  foundation  of   the   (^olumbus  Memorial  Library.    The  Iniernational  Bureau  cor- 
responds, through  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  the   several   governments  in  Washington,  with  the 
executive  departments'of  these  governments,  and  is  required  to  furnish  such  information  as  it  possesses 
or  can  obtain  to  any  of  the  Republics  making  requests.    It  isthe  custodianof  the  archives  of  the  Inter- 
national American  Conferences,  and  is  especially  charged  with  the  performance  of  duties  imposed  upon 
it  by  these  conferences      The  International  Bureau  is  sustained  by  contributions  from  the  American 
Republics  In  proportion  to  their  population,  and   is  governed   by  a   board   composed  of  the   diplomatic 
representatives  at  Washington  from  the   several   countries  composing  the  Union,  and  the   Secretary  of 
State,  who  is  ex-officio  its  chairman.     It  publishes  a  monthly  bulletin  containing  the   latest  official  in- 
formation resnecting  ilie  resources,  cominfroe.  and  ireneril  features  of  the  Aiuericaii  Republics,  as  .veil 
as  maps  and  geographical  sketches  of  these  countries,  which   publications  are  considered  public  doou- 
raients.,  and  as  such  are  carried  free  in  the  mails  of  all  the  Republics  of  the  Union. 


212 


Statistics  of  Maimfactures  in  the   United  States. 


Statistics  of  fHantifactutrs  in  ti)e  sanitetr  States* 

(CENSUS  OF  1905.)  ^ 

The  census  of  manufactures  of  l905,  which  covered  the  calendar  j'ear  1904  and  included  conti- 
nental United  States  and  Ahvska,  was  the  first  in  which  the  canvass  was  contiiiert  to  establishments 
conducted  under  what  is  known  as  the  factory  system,  thus  excUiding  the  neighborhood  industries 
and  hand  trades.  Tiie  statistics  for  these  mechanical  trades  have  been  a  confusing  element  in  the 
census  of  manufactures,  and  their  omission  confines  the  datato  a  presentation  of  tlie  true  manufactur- 
ing industries  of  the  country.  To  secure  comparable  figures  for  19(X),  wliich  included  neighboring 
inilHStries,  hand  trades,  and  educational,  eleemosynary,  and  penal  institutions,  it  was  therefore 
neces.sary  to  revise  the  publislied  reports  of  tlie  Twelfth  Census.  In  comparing  the  results  of  the 
present  census  with  tliose  of  former  censuses,  tlie  ditlerent  methods  should  be  considered. 

'I'he  revision  of  the  published  statistics  for  1900,  necessary  for  purposes  of  comparison,  involved 
considerable  dilliculty.  Certain  industries,  such  as  custom  millinery,  custom  tailoring, dressmaking, 
taxidermv.  cobbling,  carpeniering,  and  custom  grist  and  saw  mills  were  wholly  omitted.  But  ilie 
onl}' available  information  on  which  to  base  the  elimination  of  nonfactory  estabiisliments  for  indus- 
tries, which  included  factories  as  well  as  local  establishments,  was  that  contained  in  theorigina  reports 
frcjui  these  establishments,  and  those  reports  were  not  collected  with  such  segregation  in  view.  It 
was  found  tliat  some  establishments,  which  in  1901)  did  little  real  manufacturing,  had  in  the  five  j-ears 
developed  into  true  factories.  On  the  other  hand,  in  certain  establishments  the  strictly  manufactur- 
ing oiierations  conducted  in  1900  had  later  been  discontinued,  although  the  establishments  were  still 
in  business  doing  custom  or  repair  work  only.^  The  latter  class,  however,  was  composed  mainly  of 
small  establishments,  and,  except  as  to  the  number  reported,  their  inclusion  or  omission  has  little 
effect  on  the  statistics. 

Reports  were  not  secured  from  small  est.ablishments  in  which  manufacturing  was  Incidental  to 
mercantile  or  oilier  business;  or  from  establishments  in  which  the  value  of  the  products  for  the  J'ear 
amounted  to  less  tlian  S5(i0;  or  from  educational,  eleeinosynai-y  and  peiuil  institutions;  or  from 
governmental  establishments.  The  census  of  1905,  however,  was  not  confined  to  an  enumeration  of 
large  factories. 

The  statistics  for  the  manufacturing  industries  of  the  country  under  the  revised  conditions,  for 
the  censuses  of  1900  and  1905  are  summarized  in  the  following  table: 


Number  of  estab- 
lishments   

Capital 

Salaried  ollicials, 

clerks,  &c.,  num- 
•   ber 

Salaries 

Wage- earners, 
average  n  u  m - 
ber '. 

Total  wages 

Men  16  years  and 
over 

Wages 


1905. 


1900. 


216,262!  207,-^62 

$12,686,265,673  $8,978,«25,20'd 


519,751 
$574,761,2;jl 


5,470,321 
$2,611,540,532 

4,244,538 
§2,266,273,317 


364,202 
$380,889,091 


4,715,023 
$2,009,735,799 

3.635,236 
$1,736,347,184 


Per  ct. 

of  in- 

crease. 

4.2 

4L3 

42.7 

50.9 

16.0 

29.9 

16.8 

30.5 

Women  16  years 
and  over 

Wages 

Children  under 
16  years 

Wages 

Miscellaneous 


1906. 


1900. 


1,065,884' 
$317,279,008, 

I 

159,899' 
$27,988,207 


918  511 
$248,814,074 

161,276 
$24,574,541 


expenses $1,455,019,473      $905,600,225 

Cost  of  materials 
used $8,503,.949,756   $6,577,614,074 

Value  of  prod- 
ucts including 
custom  w  o  r  k 
and  repairing..  $14,802,147,087  $11,411,121,122 


Per  ct. 

i.fiTi- 

ciease. 


16.0 
27.5 

20.9 
13.9 

60.7 

29.3 


29.7 


MANUFACTURES    BY    STATES. 


^TATKS 
AND    'iKEBI- 

1  r.HIB.:. 


Capital 
Empluyeil. 


Alabama. 

Alaska. .. 

Arizona. 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado. 

Conirciit. 

Delaware 

Dis.  Col.. 

Florida... 

Ceorgia... 

Idaho 

Illinois. .. 
Indiana.. 
Indian  T. 
Iowa  .... 
Kausa.s.. . 
Kentuc'  y 
Louisiana 
Maine  .. . 
Maryland 

2VI  ass 

Michigan 
Min'sota. 
Missi'  |)l,. 
Mlvsoiiri . 


$105,382,859 

10,684,799 

14,395,654 

46  ,.'506,116 

282,647,201 

1074(63,5110 

37.^,"8;{.580 

50,925,630 

2(M99,783 

32,971,982 

136.211,551 

9,689,445 

975,844,799 

312.071,234 

5,016,6.=>4 

111,427,429 

88.680,117 

147,282,478 

150, 810, 608 

143.707,7.50 

201,877,966 

965,94>5.HH7 

337.W4,l(l2 

l«4,9t  13,271 

.50.256,309 

379,368,827 


Wage- 
Earners. 


62,173 

1,938 

4,793 

33,089 

100,355 
21,813 

181,605 

18  475 

6.299 

42,091 

92,749 

3,061 

379,436 

154.174 
2,257 
49.4><1 
35,570 
,59,794 
55,8.59 
74,958 
94,174 

488,399 

175.229 
69.ii:i6 
38,rt90 

i;j3,167 


Wages  Paid 


$21.878,4.51 

1,(.95,.579 

3,969,248 

14,543,635 

64,656,686 

15.100,365 

87,942,628 

8,158,203 

3,6.58,370 

15,767,182 

27,392,442 

2,059,391 

208,405,468 

72,058,1.99 

1.144,078 

22.997,053 

18,883,071 

24,438,684 

25,315,7.50 

.32,691,759 

36,144,244 

232,:!H«,946 

Hl,278,>i:;7 

35,><43,145 

14,819,034 

66,644,126 


Value  of 
I'rodiicts. 


I      States 

AND    TeKRI- 
I        TORIES. 


!til09.]69,922! 

8,244,524; 

28,083  192; 

53,864,394' 

367,218,494 

100,143,999 

369.082,0911 

41,160,276 

18,3.59,159' 

50  298,290 

151.040,455; 

8,768,743i 

1 ,410,342,129 

393,9.54,400, 

7.909,451 

160..572,313 

198,244,992 

159,7.53,968 

186,379,-592 

144,020,197 

243,375.996 

1.124.092,0.^1 

429.120,060' 

.307,8.58,073; 

57,451,445! 

439  .548.9571 


Mo'ntana. 
XebiiLska 
Nevada . . 
N.  Hamp 
N.  Jersey 
,N.Mexo. 
NewY'k. 
N.  C'lina 
iN.Dak'ta 

lOhio 

Jokla'ma. 
[Oregon  . . 
;P' vania.. 
Rhodelsl 
8.  C'lina. 
S.Dakota 
Tenn'see 

Texas 

Utah 

\'ermont 
Virginia. 
Wash'n. 
WestVa. 
WVonsin 
W'ming. 


Capital 
Employed. 

"$.527589^10 

80,235  ,,310 

2,891,997 

109,495,072 

715,060.174 

4,638,248 

2,0.31,4.59,515 

141,000,6.39 

5,703,8.37 

856,988,830 

11,107,763 

44,023,548 

1.995,836,988 

215,901,375 

113,422,224 

7,585,142 

102,439,481 

115,664,871 

26,004,011 

62,658.741 

147,989,182 

96,952,621 

86,820,823 

412,«47,<t51 

2.695,889 


Wape- 
Earners. 


Wages  Paid 


8,957 

20,260 

802 

65,366 

266,336; 

3,478 

856,947 

85,3391 

1.755! 


364,298 

3,199 

18,523 

763,282 

97,318 

59,441 

2,492 
60',572 
49,066 

8,0.52 
33.106 
80,285 
45,199 
43  758 
151,391 

1,834 


$8,652,217 

11,022,149 

693.407 

27,693,203 

128,168,801 

2,153,068 

4.30,014  ,a51 

21,.375,aW 

1,031,307 
182,429,425 

1.655..324 

11,443,512 

367.960,890 

43,112,637 

13,868,950 

1,421,680 
22,805,628 
24,468,942 

5,1.57,400 
15,221.059 
27.943,058 
30,087,287 
21,1.53,042 
71,471,805 

1,261,122 


Value  of 
Products. 


$66,415,452 

j    154,918,220 

I        3,096,274 

123,610,904 

774.369,025 

5.705,880 

2.488,:W5,579 

142,520,776 

10,217.914 

960,811.857 

16,549  656 

55.525,123 

1,9.55,.551,332 

202,109^3 

79,376,262 

13.085,333 

137,960,476 

150,528,389 

38,926,464 

63,083.611 

148,8.")6,525 

128.821.667 

99,040,676 

411,139,681 

3,523,260 


For  the  United  States  the  totals  are:  Capital,  $1*2,686.26.5,673;  number  of  wage-earaers,  6,470,- 
321;  wages  paid,  $2,611,540,532;  value  of  producUs,  $14.80.:,147,087. 


Statistics  of  Manufactures  in  the    TJnit>'d  States. 


213 


STATISTICS  OF  MANUFACTURES  IN  THE  UNITED  '&TXTY.^— Continued. 


TOTALS    FOR    CROUPS    OF    INDUSTRIES. 


Gboup. 


United  States 

Food  &  kind- 
red products 

Textiles 

Iron  and  steel 
and  their 
products 

Lumber  and 
its  remanu- 
factures 

Leather  and 
its  finished 
products 

Paper  and 
printing  — 

Liquors  and 
beverages  . . 

Chemicalsand 
allied  prod- 
ucts  

Clay.glasG  and 
stone  prod- 
ucts  

Metal  s&metal 
products, 
other  than 
iron  &  steel. 

Tobacco 

Vehicles  for 
land  trans- 
portation^. . 

Shipbuilding.. 

Miscellaneous 
industries. . . 


No.  Es- 
tabli.sh- 


216,262 

45,79() 
17,U42 


14,239 

32.726 

4,945 

30,787 

6,381 

9,680 

10,775 


6,310 
16,828 


7,2851 
1,097 


Capit.ll 
Employeil. 


•12,686,266,673 

1,173.1^1.276 
1,744,169,234 


2,331,498,157 

1,013,827,138 

440,777,194 
798,758,312 
659,547,620 

1,504,728,510 

553,846,682 


Salakird  Officials, 
Clkrkm,  ktc. 


Salaries. 


Num- 
tier. 

619/751  $574,761,231 

53.224      51,456,814 
61,907       ""  "  '     " 


Wagk-Earnkes. 


Average  j  Total 

Numlier.  Wag»-s. 


Total  Cost 
of  Materials. 


Value  of 
Products. 


5,470,321,  $2,611,540,532  .$8,503,949, 756i$14,802,147 ,087 
3.'54.(t.54'       164,6<il,8n3 


69,281,415  1,156,305        419,841,630 
82,112'    100,444,686!     857,298        482,357,503 


2,3t.!4.416,.564      2,845,234,900 
1,246,.56:j,061      2,147,441,418 


45,555  48,571,861 

17,233  18,372,722 

80,009  81,808,311 

12,647  21,421,353 

45,071  49,864.233 


735,945       336,058,173 


18,768 


598,340,758  19,471 
323,983,501   9,236 


447,697,020 
121,623,700 


24,632 
2,480 


12,377!   974,316,571;  47,406 


21,555,724 


24 ,854  ,.590 
8,800,434 


24.334,118 
3,339,741 

50,655,229 


255,368 

350,205 

68,340 

210,165 


116,694,140 

185,547,791 

45,146,285 

93,965,248 


285,365   148,471,903 


211,706 
159,408 


384,577 
50,754 

390,831 


117,599,8,37 
62,640,303 


221,860,517 
29,241,087 

187,514,312 


1,179,981,458 

518,908,150 

471,112.921 
308,269,655 
139,854,147 

609,351,160 

123,124,392 


2,176,739,726 

1,223,730.336 

705,747,470 
857,112,256 
501,266,605 

1,031,965,263 

391,230,422 


644,.367,583    922,262  456 
126,088,608    331,117,681 


334,244,377 
37,463,179 


643,924,442 

82,769,239 


460,205,5011   941,604,873 


VALUES  OF  PRINCIPAL  ARTICLES  OF  DOMESTIC  MANUFACTURES  EXPORTED  FROM 

THE  UNITED  STATES  FROM  1880  TO  1907. 
Note. — These  nine  groups  form  about  80  per  cent,  of  the  total  value  of  manufactures  exported. 


YXAB   En'DINO 

Junk  30. 


1880. . . . 
1885.... 
1890.... 
1892.... 
Is93. ... 
1894.... 
1895.... 
1896.... 
1897.... 
1898.... 
1899.... 

1900 

1901.... 
1902.... 
1903.... 
1904.... 
1905.... 
1906.... 
1907 


Iron  and 
Steel 
Manufact- 
ures. 


$14,716,524 

16,592,155 

25,.542,208 

28,800,930 

30,106,482 

29,  •-'20,264 

32,000,989 

41,160,877 

57,497,872 

70,406,885 

98,716,031 

121,913,548 

117,319,320 

98,552,562 

96,64'J,467 

111,94h,586 

134,727,921 

160.984,985 

18I,580,h71 


Copper 
Manufact- 
ures. 


$793,455 

5,447,423 

2,349,392 

7,2'j6,3!<2 

4,525,573 

19, 69:, 140 

14,468,703 

19,720,104 

31,621,125 

32.180,87-.; 

35,983,.529 

57,852^60 

43,267,021 

41,2l!(,373 

39,667,196 

57,142,079 

86,225,291 

81,282,6>;4 

94,762,110 


Agricul- 
tural Im- 
plements. 


$2,245,742 

2,561,602 

3,859,184 

3,794,983 

4,657,333 

5,027,915 

5,41:^,075 

5,176,775 

5,240,686 

7,609,732 

12,432,197 

16,099,149 

16,313,434 

16,286,740 

21,006,622 

22,749,635 

20.721,741 

24,554,427 

26,936,456 


Wood 
Manufact- 
ures. 


$3,975,694 

4,780,495 

6,509,645 

6,06-.',  789 

6,058,896 

6.773,724 

6,249,807 

7,426,475 

8,592,416 

9,098,219 

9,715,285 

11,232,83S 

11,099,643 

11,617,690 

13,071.251 

12.980,11'-' 

12,560,93;. 

13,718,752 

13,833,500 


Mineral 

Oils, 
Refined. 


$34,  ■>9 1,41 8 
44,354,114 
44,658,b54 
39,704,152 
37.574,667 
37,083,891 
41,498,372 
56,--'61,567 
56,46:i,185 
51,782,316 
61,070,276 
68,247, .'.88 
64,425,8.^9 
66,218,004 
60,9-.'3,fi34 
72,4^7,415 
7:^,433,7S7 
77,025,196 
78,228.819 


Cbeiiiicals, 

Drugs, 

Dyes, 

etc. 


$4,174,070 

4,806,193 

5,424,279 

4,691  ,r.82 

5,766,425 

6,537,401 

7.130,3.!4 

8,138,789 

8,792,945 

8,655,438 

10,042,916 

12,132,373 

13,660,346 

12,141,011 

12,5>.1,471 

14.480,32:; 

15,859,422 

18,331,974 

20,373,036 


Leather, 
anil 
Manufact- 
ures of. 


$6,760,186 
9,69V,408 
12,438,847 
12,084,781 
11,912,1;4 
14,283,429 
15,614,407 
20,242,756 
19,161,44K 
21,113,640 
'.'3,466,985 
27,293,010 
27,923,rt.i3 
'.'9,798,:'.23 
31,fil7,3>-9 
".3,980,'515 
37,936,745 
40,642.858 
45,476,969 


Cotton 
Manufact- 
ures. 


$10,467,651 
11,8:56,591 
9,999,277 
13,--'26,277 
11,80h,355 
14,340,886 
13,789,810 
16.837.::;96 
21, 037,67s 
17,0i4,092 
23,566,914 
24.003,087 
20,272,418 
32,108.362 
8--',2l6.3i4 
22.40:;, 71 3 
49,666,080 
52,944,033 
:i2,305,412' 


Taper, 

and 

Manufact- 

nres  of; 


$1,201,143 
972.493 
1,226,686 
1,382,251 
1.54(1,886 
1,906,634 
2,185,257 
2  71.s,«'« 
3;3:^3,163 
5,494,564 
5,477,(<84 
6,215.833 
7,438,901 
7,312,0:^0 
7,180.(114 
7,54  ,728 
8,238,«88 
9,536,065 
9,856,733 


For  1907  the  value  of  paraffin  and  paraffin  wax  exported  was  $8,808,245. 
stituted  35.11  per  cent,  of  total  exports  from  the  United  states  in  1906. 


Maiiufactures  con- 


PRODUCTIOX  IN  THE  GREAT  M-A.NUFACTURING  COUNTRIES. 
(Compiled  by  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.  ) 


1888. 

1900. 

Increase. 

Amount. 

Per  Cent. 

United  Kingdom 

$6,990,000,000 
2,837,000,000 
2,3«0.000.000 

69,187,000,000 

§5.000,000,000 
4.tiU0,(XKJ,00(i 
3,450,000,000 

!?!13J030.000,000 
$13,0047000.1)00 

!J!1.0IO,000,000 
1,763,000,000 
1,090,00<J,000 

25 

Germany 

62 

France 

46 

Total 

$3,863,000,000 
$5,982,600,000 

42 

United  States 

.$7,022,000,000 

85 

These  figures  are  in  all  ca-ses  estimates,  except  those  of  the  United  States  C'eusus  of  1900,  which 
are  for  §:ross  prodiictlou.   The  figures  for  1888  are  Mulhall's. 


2'14  Manufactured  Ice. 


STATISTICS  OF  MANUFACTURES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES— C'on^mued. 

laivgijterins  antr  fHcat  J^acfeing. 

(From   Census   Bulletin   No.    S3.) 

The  number  of  wholesale  establishments  engaged  in  slaughtering  and  meat  packing 
during  the  calendar  year  1904  was  020,  and  their  combined  capital  was  $237,714,600.  They 
furnished  employment  to  74,134  wage-earners,  paid  $40,320,072  in  wages,  consumed  materials 
costing  $805,856,960,  and  manufactured  products  to  the  value  of  $013,014,624. 

ILLINOIS  THE  LEADING   STATE. 

Although  forty-one  States  and  Territories  contributed  to  these  figures,  Jhe  industry  was 
practically  monopolized  by  the  following  fourteen  States,  named  in  the  order  of  value  of 
products:  Illinois,  Kansas,  New  York,  Nebraska,  Missouri,  Massachusetts,  Pennsylvania, 
Iowa,  Indiana,  Ohio,  California,  Minnesota,  New  Jersey,  and  Wisconsin.  Illinois,  by  far 
the  most  important  State,  reported  7.3  per  cent,  of  the  establishments,  33.0  per  cent,  of  the 
capital,  36.4  per  cent,  of  the  wage-earners,  36.1  per  cent,  of  the  wages  paid,  and  34.7  per 
cent,  of  the  products. 

THE    NUMBER    OF    ANIMALS    SLAUGHTERED    ANNUALLY. 

During  the  calendar  year  about  7,000.000  beeves,  11,000,000  sheep,  and  31.000.000  hogs 
•were  slaughtered  for  use  in  this  industry.  The  beeves  cost  about  $2 SO, 000. OW,  the  sheep 
about  $44,000,000,  and  the  hogs  about  $330,000,000.  In  addition,  the  establishments  slaugh- 
tered other  animals  to  the  value  of  about  $13,000,000;  they  purchased  about  $53,000,000 
worth  of  meat  already  dressed,  and  paid  about  $72,000,000  for  other  materials,  including 
mill  supplies  and  freight. 

FRESH  BEEF  PRINCIPAL  PRODUCT. 

The  leading  product  of  the  industry  was  beef  sold  fresh,  of  which  3,748,055,377  pounds 
were  produced,  valued  at  $247,006,724.  Salt  pork  was  the  second  product  in  respect  to 
quantity,  slightly  exceeding  hams,  smoked  bacon,  sides,  and  shoulders;  but  the  smoked 
products  were  of  greater  aggregate  value.  Each  of  these  products,  and  also  pork  sold  fresh 
and  refined;  lard  exceeded  in  quantity  1,000,000,000  pounds.  The  value  varied  from  nearly 
$75,000,000  for  the  refined  lard  to  over  $132,000,000  for  the  smoked  products. 

The  quantity  of  most  of  the  more  important  products  increased  between  the  censuses  of 
1900  and  1905.  For  fresh  beef  the  increase  was  over  800,000,000  pounds,  or  28.5  per  cent.; 
for  salt  pork,  over  185.000,000  pounds,  or  13.7  per  cent.;  for  refined  lard,  over  150.000,000 
pounds,  or  17.7  per  cent.,  and  for  fresh  pork,  nearly  3,000,000  pounds,  or  2  per  cent.  The 
quantity  of  hams,  smoked  bacon,  sides,  and  shoulders,  on  the  other  hand,  decreased  over 
400,000.000  pounds,  or  22.8  per  cent.  Canned  beef,  salted  and  cured  beef,  and  neutral  lard 
also  decreased  in  quantity. 


JHanufacturctr  Kce* 

The  manufacture  of  ice  is  a  comparatively  new  industry,  and  its  growth  has  been 
remarkable.  In  1870  the  industry  had  hardly  made  a  beginning.  But  in  the  thirty-five 
years  from  1870  to  1905  the  number  of  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture 
of  ice  for  sale  increased  from  4  to  1,320;  their  combined  capital,  from  $434,000  to  $60..5'.t2.001; 
the  average  number  of  wage-earners,  from  97  to  10,101;  the  wages  paid,  from  $40,600  to 
$5,540,162;  the  cost  of  materials,  from  $82,105  to  $6,011,325,  and  the  value  of  products,  from 
$258.2.50  to  $23,790,045.  These  figures  show  that  the  industry  has  now  'passed  far  beyond 
the  experimental  stage. 

It  nas  gamea  a  foothold,  in  fact,  in  every  State  and  Territory  except  Maine,  New 
Hampshire,  Vermont.  Michigan,  Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota.  Montana,  and 
Wyoming,  all  of  which  States  are  well  located  for  the  production  of  natural  ice.  Even  in 
these  States,  however,  although  no  establishments  are  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture 
of  ice  for  sale,  the  refrigeration  process  is  used  in  cold-storage  warehouses, 

STATES    AND    CITIES. 

The  leading  States,  according  to  the  number  of  establishments,  were  Texas,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio,  Indiana,  Louisiana,  New  York,  California,  and  Missouri.  According  to  the 
quantity  of  ice  produced,  however,  the  leading  States  were  Pennsylvania,  New  York.  Ohio, 
Texas,   Missouri,   California,   Louisiana,   Indiana,   Illinois,   and   New  Jersey. 

Among  the  cities  having  a  population  of  20,000  and  over  in  1900.  New  York  ranked 
first  in  the  number  of  tons  of  manufactured  ice  reported  at  the  census  of  1905.  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  ranked  second;  St.  Louis.  Mo.,  third;  Baltimore,  Md.,  fourth,  and  New  Orleans, 
La.,  fifth.  The  figures  for  cities,  when  compared  with  those  for  the  States  in  which  the 
cities  lie,  show  that  the  manufacture  of  ice  is  largely  an  urban  industry. 

GREAT   INCREASE   IN   PRODUCTION. 

At  the  census  of  1905  the  establishments  reported  a  production  of  7.199.448  tons  of  man- 
ufactured ice,  with  a  total  value  of  $22,450,503.  This  represents  an  increase  over  the  census 
of  1900  of  «!7.0  per  cent,  in  quantity  and  68.8  per  cent,  in  value.  The  close  identity  of  these 
percentages  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  wholesale  price  of  ice  has  not  advanced  much 
in  the  Interval.  All  but  .503,6.59  tons  of  this  product  was  can  ice,  because  the  fundamental 
principles  governing  the  elimination  of  foreign  substances  in  the  manufacture  of  plate  ice 
nave  only  recently  been  discovered.  It  is  now  said,  however,  that  all  the  objectionable 
features  of  plate  ice  have  been  eliminated  by  the  peifectod  jirocess,  and  that  a  pure  crystal 
plate  ice  is  now  being  produced  at  the  minimum  cost  of  00  cents  a  ton. 


Manufactures  of  Textiles,  1905.  2i5 

STATISTICS    OF    MAxNUFACTUKES    iN    THE    UNITED    STATES— Owiimwcd. 


ifHanufacture  of  cSalt* 

(From    Census   Bulletin   No.    8i{.) 

The  establishments  classified  under  the  heading  "Salt"  are  those  only  in  which  salt  Is 
the  final  product.  At  the  census  of  I'JOo  they  numbered  146,  and  had  a  combined  capital 
of  $25,586,2X2.  They  employed,  on  the  average,  4.UGG  wage-earners,  paid  $2,066,399  in 
wages,  consumed  materials  costing  $4,166, 137,  and  manufactured  products  valued  at 
$9.437jG62. 

At  the  censuses  of  1890,  1900  and  1905  New  York,  Michigan,  and  Kansas  have  stood  at 
the  head  of  the  list  of  salt-producing  States.  Of  the  total  production  of  the  United  States 
for  1905,  these  three  States  supplied  69.9  per  cent.  Saginaw,  Mich.,  probably  produces  salt 
at  a  lower  cost  than  any  other  place  in  the  country,  because  there  the  great  lumber  interests 
.supply  as  fuel  sawdust  and  lumber  offal,  which,  though  utilized  as  far  as  possible  for  other 
purposes,  remain  in  enormous  quantities,  and  if  not  burned  must  be  removed  at  considerable 
expense. 

FUEL,  MOST  COSTLY  MATERIAL. 

Of  the  materials  used  in  the  production  of  salt,  the  most  expensive  is  fuel.  At  the  census 
of  1905  this  item  was  reported  as  costing  $1,35.!), 880.  Cooperage  stock,  which  was  second 
in  importance,   cost  $1,176,182,   while  barrels,  bags,   and  sacks  cost  $1,150,.327. 

The  total  production  of  salt,  including  that  manufactured  by  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  some  other  industry,  was  17,153,615  barrels,  valued  at  $9,334,998.  The  value  per 
barrel  in  1905  was  thus  $0,544,  as  compared  with  $0,520  in  1900  and  $0,523  in  1890.  In 
addition  to  the  salt,  the  establishments  produced  261,665  pounds  of  bromine,  valued  at 
$72,584,  and  other  products  valued  at  $38,495.  » 


iWanufacturcs  of  textiles,  1905* 

(From   Census   Bulletin   No.    74.) 

The  cotton  industry  is  concentrated  for  the  most  part  in  Southern  New  England,  and  in 
the  States  of  Pennsylvania,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia;  the  wool  industry 
and  knit  goods  in  Southern  New  England,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania;  and  the  silk  man- 
ufacture in  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  and  Connecticut. 

The  United.  States  ranks  second  in  cotton  manufactures,  as  measured  by  the  number  of 
cotton  spindles,  either  third  or  fourth  in  wool  manufactures,  and  in  silk  manufactures  second 
to  none  of  the  countries  for  which  the  statistics  of  raw  silk  consumption  are  available  as  a 
standard  for  determining  the  magnitude  of  their  silk  manufacture. 

COTTON    MANUFACTURES. 

Establishments  engaged  in  cotton  manufactures,  not  including  cotton  small  wares,  num- 
bered 1,077  in  1905.  The  most  important  fact  regarding  the  industry  during  the  five  years 
is  its  continued  growth  in  the  Southern  States.  Five  hundred  and  fifty  of  the  1,077  estab- 
lishments, or.  to  use  a  more  accurate  index  of  the  industry's  prosperity.  7.508,749  of  the 
23.155,163  producing  spindles  in  the  country  were  in  this  section.  Nevertheless  New  England 
has  a  long  lead  over  the  South,  and  the  spindle  capacity  of  Massachusetts  alone  is  greater 
than  that  of  all  the  Southern  States  combined. 

The  capital  employed  in  cotton  goods  increased  from  $460,842,772  in  1900  to  $605,100,164 
in  1905.  or  31.3  per  cent.;  the  greatest  increase  was  in  the  capital  invested  in  machinery,  etc. 

The  average  number  of  wage-earners  in  cotton  goods  establishments  was  310,458,  a  net 
increase  of  12,529.  The  prolonged  labor  struggle  in  Fall  River  caused  a  falling  off  of  nearly 
4  per  cent,  in  the  New  England  States,  and  in  the  country  at  large  the  rate  of  increase  was 
low,  probably  on  account  of  the  einployment  of  more  efficient  help  and  improved  machinery. 
In  all  divisions  except  the  South  there  was  a  diminution  in  the  number  of  children  employed, 
and  in  that  section  the  increase  was  only  3,133  out  of  a  total  gain  in  those  States  of  22.616. 
There  is  a  slow  but  steady  displacement  of  women  by  men.  resulting  from  the  increasing 
speed  of  machinery  and  the  requirement  that  one  hand  shall  tend  a  greater  number  of 
machines.  Slightly  more  than  one-half  of  all  the  wage-earners  in  the  cotton  mills  of  the 
country  are  spinners  and  weavers.  There  were  4,806  mule  spinners — almost  exclusively  men, 
and  about  three-fourths  of  them  in  the  Nev/  England  factories — and  55,488  frame  spinners, 
of  whom  10.709  were  men,  25.701  women,  and  19,078  children.  The  total  number  of  weavers 
was  98,807.  about  55  per  cent,  of  whom  were  in  Nev/  England  mills,  and  more  than  33  per 
cent,  in  Southern  mills. 

The  consumption  of  cotton  in  cotton  mills  was  3,743,089  bales,  or  1.873.074,716  pounds, 
and  comprised  54. .384  bales,  or  21,80)2,032  pounds,  of  sea-island;  3.629.085  bales,  or  1,807,- 
512.278  pounds,  of  other  domestic,  and  59,620  bal^s,  or  43.700,406  pounds  of  Egyptian 
and  other  foreign.  The  aggregate  cost  was  $221,821,944.  Yarn  amounting  to  91,594,658 
pounds,   at   a   co?t   of   $21,601,483,    was   purchased   as   material    in    1905. 

The  aggregate  value  of  products  was  $442,451,218.  The  principal  product  of  the  cotton 
goods  industry  v/as  5, 070, 028., 520  square  yards  of  woven  goods,  valued  at  $.320,382,367.  More 
than  one-third  of  the  quantity  was  plain  cloths  for  printing  and  converting,  and  more  than 
one-fifth  was  brown  or  bleached  sheetings  and  shirtings.  Other  products  include  yarns 
for  sale,  sewing  cotton,  twine,  tape  and  webbing,  batting  and  wadding,  etc.  Owing  to  the 
high  price  of  cotton,  much  higher  than  in  19f»0.  the  cost  of  goods  was  also  higher.  More- 
over, there  has  been  a  decided  movement  toward  finer  goods. 

SILK    MANUFACTURES. 

There  were  624  silk  mills  in  1905,  29.2  per  cent,  more  than  in  1900,  and  their  capital 
was   $109,556,621,    an    increase    of    35.1    per    cent.      The    average    number    of    wage-earnera 


21G  Manufacture  of  Huttons. 

STATISTICS    OF    MANUFACTURES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES— Contoit^ed, 

employed  and  the  total  wagrejs  were,  respectively,  79,601.  21.7  per  cent,  more  than  in  19W, 
and  $20,767,943.  27.6  per  cent,  more  than  in  1900.  The  cost  of  materials  u.sed  was  $75,861,188, 
and  the  value  of  product.?.  $133,2X8.072.  Exclusive  of  duplications,  the  cost  of  materials  was 
$59,460,957  in  190.",  and  $r){t..^66,398  in  1900,  and  the  net  value  of  products,  $118,533,560  In 
1905  and  $92,451,212  in   1900. 

The  quantity  of  raw  silk  constimed  by  silk  mills  was  11,572,783  pounds,  1S.6  per  cent, 
more  than  in  1900.  Materials  other  than  raw  silk  used  included  3,236,744  pounds  of  organ- 
zine  and  tram,  costing-  $14,5.52,425;  1,951,201  pounds  of  spun  silk,  costing  $4,310,061;  textile 
yarns  other  than  silk,  to  the  weight  of  9,730,769  pounds,  costing  $3,713,794,  and  other 
materials  costing  $7,966,492. 

The  total  number  of  throwing  spindles  in  1905  was  1,197,408,  comprising  628.914  in  com- 
mission throwing  plants,  and  568,494  in  silk  mills.  Belt-driven  spindle,"  greatly  predomi- 
iiate  in  plants  of  commission  throwsters.  The  present  high  efficiency  of  tiirowing  machinery 
in  the  United  Spates  has  contributed  greatly  to  the  remarkable  growth  of  the  silk  industry 
in  this  country. 

The  total  gross  value  of  products,  $1.38.288.072,  is  distributed  thus:  Organzine  and  tram 
made  for  sale.  $9,190,650;  spun  silk  yarn  made  for  sale,  $1,660,647;  machine  twist  and 
.sewing,  embroidery,  fringe,  floss  and  wash  silk,  $10,146,071;  dress  goods,  figured  and  plain, 
and  other  silk  broad  goods,  except  velvets  and  plushes,  $60,917,762;  velvets  and  plushes, 
$4,502,021;  tapestries,  curtains  and  other  upholstery  broad  goods,  $1,559,982;  ribbons  and  laces, 
$22,636,093;  braids  and  binding.  $.^,493,977;  dress,  cloak,  millinery  and  military  trimmings, 
including  fringes  and  gimps,  $4,124,651;  all  other  products,  including  embroideries.  $5,340,162; 
amount  received  for  contract  work,  $3,716,056.  There  have  been  general  increases  since 
1900  in  all  the  products  of  the  silk  industry  with  the  one  exception  of  silk  lace,  nets,  veils, 
etc.  The  gain  in  the  production  of  jDiece-dyed  goods  has  been  notable.  The  silk  label  man- 
ufacture, inaugurated  in  the  year  l9o3,  has  become  one  of  the  most  important  and  promising 
branches  of  the  silk  industry. 

Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  are  the  principal  silk  manufacturing  States.  Silk  weaving 
is  carried  on  more  largely  in  New  Jersej^  than  in  Pennsylvania,  but  the  latter  does  more 
silk  spinning.  The  leading  silk  manufacturing  counties  of  New  Jersey  are  Passaic,  Hudson, 
Warren,  and  Morris. 

HOSIERY    AND    KNIT    GOODS. 

The  hosiery  and  knit  goods  industry  in  this  country  is  one  of  the  most  rapidly  growing 
branches  of  the  textile  industry,  and  has  now  become  one  of  its  most  important  branches. 
The  number  of  mills  was  1,079  in  1905.  as  compared  with  921  in  1900;  the  capital  invested, 
$106,663,531;  the  average  number  of  wage-earners,  103,715;  wages,  $31,536,024;  the  cost  of 
materials  used.  $76,593,782.  and  the  value  of  products,  $136,558,139.  There  have  been 
increases  since  1900  as  follows:  Capital,  30.3  per  cent.;  wage-earners.  24.4  per  cent.; 
wages,  29.5  per  cent.;  cost  of  materials  used.  50  per  cent.,  and  value  of  products,  43  per 
cent.  More  than  three-fifths  of  the  total  number  of  establishments  are  still  located  in  the 
five  Middle  States,  1.32  in  the  Xew  England  States,  119  in  the  Southern  States,  and  161  in 
the  Western  States.  So  far  as  the  industry  has  developed  in  the  South  and  West,  the  manu- 
facture is  almost  exclusively  of  hosiery. 

The  machinery  equipment  comprised  927  woollen  cards,  224  combing  machines.  596.362 
producing  spindles,  88.374  knitting  machines,  and  30,410  sewing  machines.  The  industry  is 
following  more  and  more  the  English  system  of  separating  spinning  from  what  is  technically 
known  in  Great  Britain  as  manufacturing.  The  use  of  wool  in  the  manufacture  of  hosiery 
and  knit  goods  is  relatively  declining. 

FLAX,    HEMP,    AND    JUTE    PRODUCTS. 

Of  the  total  capital.  $37,110,521  was  invested  in  the  manufacture  of  cordage  and  twine, 
$11,019,132  in  that  of  jute  and  jute  goods,  and  $6,293,878  in  that  of  linen  goods.  Materials 
used  in  fordage  and  twine  manufacture  cost  $36,095,747;  jute  and  jute  goods,  $5.054.1.30, 
and  linen  goods.  $3,740,669.  The  cordage  and  twine  products  had  a  value  of  $48,017,139; 
jute  and  jute  products.  $9,065,802,  and  linen  goods.  $5.8.56.388.  TIfe  chief  products  of  the 
cordage  and  twine  industry  were  191,796.047  pounds  of  binder  twinij,  valued  at  $19,514,992, 
and  200,824,974  pounds  of  rope,   valued   at  $19,668,169. 


'JEautiftrcturt  tif  iJuttons* 

(From    Census    Bulletin   No.    85.) 

At  the  census  of  1905,  275  establishments,  with  a  capital  of  $7,783,900.  were  reported 
as  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  buttons.  These  factories  furnished  employment  for  768 
salaried  officials  and  clerks  and  10.567  wage-earners,  who  received  as  payment  for  their 
services  $711,473  in  salaries  and  $3,680,196  in  wages.  Of  the  wage-earners.  5,188,  or  49.1 
per  cent.,    were  men,   and   5.024.   or  47.5   per  cent.,   were   women. 

The  value  of  the  products  of  these  establishments  for  1905  was  $11,133,769,  an  Increase 
of  $3.437.8.59,  or  44.7  per  cent.,  over  the  value  for  1900.  The  total  value  of  products  for 
1905  was  made  up  of  $9,040,029,  the  value  of  29,859,292  gross  of  buttons;  $916,003,  the  value 
of  6,991,738  gross  of  button  blanks  made  for  sale,  and  $1,177,737,  the  value  of  all  other 
products. 

In  addition  to  the  buttons  manufactured  in  these  factories,  5,694.439  gross,  valued  at 
$1,034,843,  were  produced  as  partial  or  secondary  products  of  other  establishments.  The 
total  quantity  of  buttons  manufactured  during  the  year  therefore  amounted  to  35.5,53,731 
gross,  valued  at  $10,074,872.  This  is  an  increase  in  number  of  14.194.213  gross,  or  66.5  per 
cent.,  and  in  value  of  $3.5(;4.709.  or  54.8  per  cent,  over  the  corresponding  totals  for  1900. 

The  report  shows  tw»nty-one  States  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  buttons,  although 
only  four  had  products  valued  at  more  than  $1.(X>0.000.  New  York  was  the  leading  State, 
with  $.3,849,317;  New  Jersey  had  $1,592,261;  Iowa,  $1,500,945,  and  Connecticut,  $1,446,219. 


3Ianufacture  of  Carriages  and   Wagons.  217 

STATISTICS    OF    MANUFACTURES    IN    THE    UNITED    ^T h.TE6— Continued, 

itiianuCacturc  of  KecDilcs  au^  ^inn. 

(From    Census    Bulletin    No.    Su*) 

According  to  the  census  of  1005,  forty-six  establishments  made  a  specialty  of  manufac- 
turing one  or  more  varieties  of  needles,  pins,  or  hooks  and  eyes.  These  establishments 
reported  a  capital  of  $5,331,939,  3,965  wage-earners,  wages  amounting  to  $1,595,923,  and 
products  valued  at  $4,750,5f>9.  Almost  equal  numbers  of  men  and  women  were  engaged  in 
this  industry,  the  numbers  being  1,862  and  1,860,  respectively. 

The  capital,  the  number  of  wage-earners,  the  amount  paid  in  wages,  and  the  value  of 
products  have  more  than  doubled   since   1890. 

The  actual  increase  in  the  value  of  products  was  greater  for  the  five-year  period  between 
the  censuses  of  1900  and  1905  than  for  the  decade  between  the  censuses  of  ISUO  and  1900, 
being  $1,512,607  for  the  former  period  and  $1,128,513  for  the  latter. 

GREAT  QUANTITIES  OF  NEEDLES  AND  PINS  MADE. 

The  reports  for  1905  show  the  production  in  the  United  States  of  1,420,176  gross  of 
needles,  valued. at  $1,140,924,  and  136,887,782  gross  of  pins,  valued  at  $2,067,037. 

These  figures,  however,  do  not  represent  the  total  output  of  these  articles,  as  a  consid- 
erable quantity  was  manufactured  in  establishments  engaged  in  industries  in  which  the 
making  of  needles  and  pins  was  merely  incidental.  The  reports  for  the  census  of  1905 
show  that  this  class  of  establishments  produced  345,897  gross  of  needles,  valued  at  $377,487, 
and  pins  valued  at  $565,019.  The  production  of  pins  reported  from  other  industries  repre- 
sents largely  horn  hair  pins.  The  figures  for  these  Secondary  products  combined  with  the 
totals  for  the  principal  products  of  this  kind  make  the  output  1.706,073  gross  of  needles, 
valued  at  $1,518,411,  and  pins  valued  at  $2,032,656,  a  total  value  of  $4,151,067  for  both 
classes  of  products.     For  1900  the  corresponding  value  w-as  $2,462,745. 

The  leading  variety  of  needles  manufactured  in  the  establishments  discussed  in  this 
bulletin  was  sewing  machine  needles,  with  a  production  of  776,542  gross,  valued  at  $600,046, 
Latch  knitting  machine  needles  were  next  in  rank  in  importance,  the  310,846  gross  of  such 
needles  being  valued  at  $422,655.  More  spring  knitting  machine  needles  (332,788  gross)  were 
manufactured,  but  their  value  was  considerablj'  less  ($1 18,223 1. 

Large  quantities  of  each  variety  of  pins  were  produced— 132.632,232  gross  5f  common  or 
toilet  pins,  2,550,650  gross  of  safety  pins,  and  1,704,900  gross  of  hair  pins.  The  values  of 
these  varieties  were  $1,129,006,  $829,386,  and  $109,245.  respectively.  All  other  products 
"including  hooks  and  eyes"  were  valued  at  $1,542,028. 


iWanufatture  of  (2:arinafics  antr  glSIauons, 

(From    Census    Bulletin   No.    84.) 

A  capital  of  $126,320,604  was  Invested  and  5,058  salaried  officials  and  clerks  and  60,722 
wage-earners  were  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  carriages  and  wagons,  including  all  the 
various  kinds  of  vehicles  propelled  by  animal  power  for  land  transportation  in  the  census 
year  1905.  The  expenses  of  the  Industry  included  $5,239,043  for  salaries,  $30,878,229  for 
wages,  and  $61,215,228  for  materials.     The  value  of  the  products  was  $125,332,976. 

Between  the  censuses  of  1900  and  1905  this  industry  increased  substantially  in  every 
item  except  number  of  establishments.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  rates  of  increase 
for  wages  and  salaries  were  greater  than  the  corresponding  rates  for  the  number  of  wage- 
earners  and  salaried  emploj'ees. 

STATES  PROMINENT  IN  THE  CARRIAGE  INDUSTRY. 

Ohio  was  the  leading  State  in  the  manufacture  of  carriages  and  wagons,  having  products 
valued  at  $16,096,125,  or  over  one-eighth  of  the  total  value.  Indiana  ranked  next,  with  a 
value  of  $15,228,337;  New  York  was  third,  with  $12,573,148,  and  Michigan  fourth,  with 
$12,101,170.  Illinois,  Pennsylvania,  Wisconsin,  and  Missouri  were  the  only  other  States 
reporting  a  production  of  over  $5,000,000. 

The  greatest  increase  in  the  value  of  products  between  the  censuses  of  1900  and  1905  is 
shown  for  Indiana,  the  gain  being  $2, .'567, 120.  Four  other  States— Illinois,  North  Carolina, 
Kentucky,   and  Missouri — had  an  increase  of  over  $1,000,000  each. 

VARIETIES  AND  VALUES  OF  CARRIAGES   AND  WAGONS  MANUFACTURED. 

The  most  important  of  the  products  were  carriages,  of  which  937.409,  valued  at  $55,750,- 
S76,  were  manufactured  during  the  year.  .Only  29,544  of  the  carriages  were  two-wheeled. 
Of  the  907,865  four-wheeled  carriages,  769,635  were  for  one  or  two  persons  and  138,230  for 
three  or  more  persons.  The  output  of  four-wheeled  vehicles  included  575,880  buggies,  87,464 
Surreys,  64,855  road  w^agons,  53,813  runabouts,  47,118  driving  wagons,  14,073  phaetons,  9,585 
Stanhopes,   and  8,800  buckboards. 

In  the  manufacture  of  family  and  pleasure  carriages,  Ohio  ranks  first,  with  a  production 
bf  199,428  during  the  year;   Indiana  produced   178,962,   and   Michigan   174.889  such   carriages. 

The  number  of  wagons  reported  was  643,755.  Among  these  there  were  505,025  farm 
Wagons,  60,376  delivery  wagons,  7,853  express  w-agons,  3,253  coal  wagons  and  carts,  1,123  ice 
wagons,   642  hearses,    109  street  sprinklers,   and  48  street  sweepers. 

One-seventh,  or  92.893,  of  the  wagons  were  made  in  Indiana.  The  other  leading  States 
in  the  production  of  this  commodity  w^ere  Wisconsin,  with  83,916;  Illinois,  with  72,033; 
Michigan,  with  52,273;   Kentucky,  with  49,266,  and  Ohio,  w^ith  40,905. 

The  sleighs  and  sleds  manufactured  numbered  127.455.  Michigan  ranked  first  In  the 
broduction  of  th-jec,  w>th  an  output  of  3S,180,  or  two-fifths  ot  the  totftl,  N«W  Tork,  with 
IPiiSS,  n^vA  Wisscnsitni  with  lh'^<m%  wero  S9»t  la  ini^rortA^ci», 


218  Manufacture  of  Railroad  Cars. 

STATISTICS    OF    MANUFACTURES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES— O^mwed. 

JWauufacttire  of  Hatlroatr  ^ars. 

(From   Census   Bulletin   No.    84.) 
STEAM    RAILROAD    CARS. 

In  the  census  year  1005  there  were  1.141  shops  operated  by  railroad  companies  and  car- 
rying on  both  construction  and  repair  work,  and  73  that  were  not  operated  by  railroad  com- 
panies and  did  not  do  repair  work.  The  railroad  repair  shops  reported  an  investment  of 
$146,943,720,  or  fi2.5  per  cent,  of  the  total  investment  of  the  two  branches  of  the  industry; 
employed  236,000  wage-earners,  or  S7.4  per  cent,  of  the  total  number,  and  manufacturod 
products  valued  at  $300,863,499,  or  73.6  per  cent,  of  the  total  value.  The  independent  car 
shops  reported  a  capital  of  $88,179,047,  34,058  wage-earners,  and  products  valued  at 
$111,175,310. 

Pennsylvania  was  the  leading  State  in  the  steam  car  Industry.  Its  product  was  valued 
at  $80,449,604,  or  19.1  per  cent,  of  the  total  value.  Illinois  was  second  in  rank,  with  a  pro- 
duction valued  at  $56,417,073.  Other  leading  States  were  Ohio,  with  $26,907,035;  Indiana, 
with  $24,551,301;  New  York,  with  $22,136,696,  and  Missouri,  with  $20,789,059.. 

NUMBER   AND   VALUE   OF   STEAM   CARS   BUILT. 

The  aggregate  value  of  the  steam  railroad  cars  built  during  the  census  year  was  $100,- 
346,912.  This  amount  includes  $59,663,  the  value  of  steam  cars  built  in  street  car  manufac- 
turing establishments. 

The  value  of  the  cars  built  in  the  railroad  repair  shops  was  only  $12,008,001,  or  less  than 
5  per  cent,  of  the  total  value  of  the  products  of  such  shops,  while  the  value  of  the  cars 
constructed  in  the  shops  that  were  not  operated  by  the  railroads  amounted  to  $87,289,248,  or 
78.5  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  all  the  products  of  such  shops. 

The  total  number  of  cars  manufactured  during  the  year  was  119,040.  Of  these  2,446 
were  passenger  cars  and  115,404  were  freight  cars.  The  passenger  cars  weie  valued  at 
$20,486,260  and  the  freight  cars  at  $70,215,260.  The  value  of  the  freight  cars  was  therefore 
almost  four  times  as  great  as  the  value  of  the  passenger  cars.  The  reports  for  the  census 
of  1000  show  1.369  passenger  cars,  valued  at  $8,810,032,  and  143,133  freight  cars,  valued  at 
$77,240,632.  The  increase  in  the  number  of  passenger  cars  was  78.7  per  cent,  and  the  gain  in 
value  was  132.6  per  cent.;  the  number  of  freight  cars  decreased  19.3  per  cent.,  while  their 
value   increased   2.6  per  cent. 

Since  1900  the  production  of  steel  railroad  cars  for  both  passenger  and  freight  service 
has  increased  rapidly,  and  the  substitution  of  steel  freight  cars  of  large  tonnage  and  of  dis- 
tinct types  for  smaller  wooden  cars  of  rather  nondescript  type  is  progressing  on  the  majority 
of  railroads  as  fast  as  conditions  permit. 

Illinois  was  considerably  ahead  of  every  other  State  in  the  number  of  both  passenger 
and  freight  cars  manufactured  during  the  year.  The  passenger  cars  numbered  775  and  the 
freight  27,137.  Ohio  was  second  in  the  number  of  passenger  cars,  with  382,  and  Missouri 
was  third,  with  218. 

Pennsylvania  was  second  in  the  number  of  freight  cars,  with  21, .347,  and  Michigan  was 
third,  with  18,591.  The  other  States  producing  over  5,000  freight  cars  A^ere  Indiana,  with 
11,493;  Missouri,  with  10,498,  and  Ohio,  with  6,451. 

LEADING    VARIETIES    OF    STEAM    CARS. 

The  report  shows  in  detail  the  varieties  of  the  cars  produced  in  the  independent  con- 
struction shops.  Of  the  2,030  cars  built  for  passenger  service  reported  for  the  census  of 
1005.  there  were  760  chair  and  coach  cars,  428  ordinary  passenger  cars,  304  sleeping  cars, 
loo  haeerage  and  express  cars,  114  parlor  cars,  95  mail  cars,  58  dining  and  buffet  cars,  and 
13  private  cars. 

At  the  census  of  1000  the  number  of  ordinary  passenger  cars  built  formed  33.8  per  cent, 
of  all  the  cars  constructed  for  passenger  service,  and  the  chair  and  coach  cars  formed  18.5 
per  cent.  For  1905  the  ordinai-y  passenger  cars  formed  only  21.1  per  cent,  and  the  chair 
and  coach  cars  formed  37.0  per  cent,   of  the  total  number  manufactured. 

The  average  value  of  each  variety  of  passenger  cars  increa.sed  between  1000  and  1005.     ' 

The  number  of  the  principal  varieties  of  cars  built  for  freight  service  were  as  follows: 
Box,  38,184;  coal  and  coke,  27,998;  gondola,  0,518;  flat,  5,412;  stock,  4,235;  refrigerator, 
3,353.    and   fruit.   2,840. 

There  has  been  a  decided  growth  in  the  construction  of  freight  cars  for  special  purposes. 
At  the  census  of  1000,  1.620  fruit  cars,  valued  at  $665,354.  were  built;  at  the  census  of  10(>5, 
the  number  of  such  cars  was  2,840  and  their  value  $1,727,771.  The  output  of  refrigerator 
cars  increased  from  2,,354,  valued  at  $1,056,007,  for  1900,  to  3,353,  valued  at  $3,042,835.  for 
1005,  while  the  production  of  stock  cars  increased  from  2,760,  valued  at  $1,426,800,  to  4,235. 
valued  at  $2,453,123. 

STREET    RAILROAD    CARS. 

The  great  development  of  street  railroads  since  1800  has  caused  an  extraordinary  growth 
in  the  industries  engaged  in  the  construction  and  repair  of  street  railroad  cars.  The  value 
of  products  for  these  industries  nearly  quadruple  during  the  fifteen-vear  period  from  1800 
to  1005,  increasing  from  $6,268,402  in  the  earlier  year  to  $24,281,317  at  the  last  census.  The 
increase  for  the  decade  from  1800  to  1000  was  $10,407,717,  or  166  per  cent.,  and  tkat  for 
the  five  years  from  1000  to  1005  was  $7,605,138.  or  45.6  per  cent. 

Street  cars  also  are  manufactured  by  two  classes  of  shops,  one  being  independent  of  the 
railroads  and  the  other  being  operated  by  the  street  railroad  companies  and  doing  repair 
work. 

Of  the  100  establishments  engaged  in  the  street  car  Industries  at  the  census  of  1005,  88 
were  street  railway  repair  ehopB.     Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  there  were  ilx  timei  aa 


The  Leather  Industry.  219 

STATISTICS    OF    MANUFACTURES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES— CoJi/mitt'd. 


many  repair  shops  as  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  street  railroad 
cars,  the  latter  represented  an  investment  of  $12,975,70i{,  or  DO.l  per  cent,  of  the  capital 
employed  in  the  combined  industry  and  manufactured  a  product  valued  at  $10,844,106,  or  44.7 
per  cent,   of  the  value  of  products  for  the  two  branches  of  the  industry. 

The  repair  shops,  however,  employed  11,052  wage-earners  and  paid  in  wages  $7,012,71)8, 
which  constituted  70  and  71.2  per  cent.,  respectively,  of  the  totals  for  the  combined  indus- 
tries. 

As  in  the  case  of  steam  cars,  less  than  5  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  the  products  of  the 
street  railroad  repair  shops  resulted  from  the  manufacture  of  cars.  With  the  car  construc- 
tion establishments,  on  the  other  hand,  76.6  per  cent,  of  the  value  represented  the  building 
of  cars. 

NUMBER  AND  VALUE   OF  STREET  CARS. 

The  number  of  street  railroad  cars  built  during  the  year  was  4.694.  These  cars  were 
valued  at  $9,002,310.  Practically  all  of  the  cars  were  electric.  No  cable  cars  were  reported, 
and  only  forty-two  were  cars  for  horse  power. 

Of  the  electric  cars  built  in  the  shops  that  w€re  independent  of  the  railroads  2,621  were 
closed,  554  were  open,  and  502  were  combination,  and  the  remaining  251  were  of  other 
varieties. 

STATES     PROMINENT     IN     THE     MANUFACTURE     AND     REPAIR     OF     STREET 

RAILROAD  CARS. 

Ohio  was  the  leading  State  in  the  value  of  products  of  the  independent  shops,  furnishing 
$1,828,326,   or  16.9  per  cent,  of  the  total  value  of  products  for  such  shops. 

New  York  ranked  first  in  the  value  of  products  of  the  repair  shops,  with  $3,879,933. 
The  other  States  with  products  valued  at  more  than  $1,000,000  were  Pennsylvania,  $1,258,542; 
California,  $1,228,443;  Missouri,  $1,210,961,  and  Illinois,  $1,142,562. 


JTije  ILeatfjrt  Kntrustrg* 

(From  Census  Bulletin  No.  72.) 

LEATHER. 

In  theT)eriod  from  1900  to  1905  the  number  of  establishments  which  turned  out  leather, 
tan,  curried,  and  finished,  decreased  from  1,306  to  1,049.  The  amount  of  capital  invested, 
on  the  other  hand,  increased  from  $173,977,421  to  $242,584,254,  or  39.4  per  cent.;  the  average 
number  of  wage-earners,  from  52.109  to  57,239,  and  the  value  of  products,  from  $204,038,127 
to  $252,620,986.     The  capital  invested  in  machinery,  tools  and  implements  more  than  doubled. 

MATERIALS. 

Hides  to  the  number  of  17,581,613,  costing  $89,126,593,  reported  by  669  establishments, 
represented  46.6  per  cent,  of  the  total  cost  of  materials.  Hides  were  converted  chiefly  into 
sole,  grain,  harness,  belting,  carriage,  and  furniture  leather,  but  some  were  sold  in  the 
rough.  The  amount  paid  for  tanning  materials  was  $25,029,994,  or  13.1  per  cent,  of  the  total 
cost  of  materials.  The  use  of  hemlock  and  oak  bark  extract  for  tanning  has  increased 
greatly  since  1900.  Oak  bark,  although  used  by  the  largest  number  of  establishments, 
formed  less  than  one-sixth  of  the  total  cost. 

PRODUCTS. 

The  principal  kinds  of  products,  named  in  the  order  of  ihelr  total  value  in  the  census 
year,  were  sole  leather,  upper  leather,  goatskins,  harness  leather,  sheepskins,  and  leather 
sold  in  the  rough.  Sole  leather  formed  more  than  one-half  of  the  value  of  all  leather  man- 
ufactured. Of  this,  77.5  per  cent,  was  produced  in  the  group  of  States  consisting  of  Penn- 
sylvania, New  York,  Ohio,  Maryland,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and 
Georgia.  In  this  section  there  are  hemlock  and  oak  forests  from  which  is  obtained  the  bark 
used  so  l9,rgely  for  tanning.  One  hundred  and  forty-four  establishments  engaged  exclusively 
in  the  manufacture  of  sole  leather  turned  out  93.7  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  all  such  leather 
tanned  in  the  United  States  in  1905. 

Pennsylvania  led  in  the  production  of  sole  leather,  goatskins,  and  leather  sold  in  the 
rough,  and  Massachusetts  in  the  manufacture  of  upper  leather  and  sheepskins.  In  harness 
leather  Wisconsin  was  far  in  excess  of  its  closest  competitor,  Pennsylvania.  This  kind  of 
leather  was  reported  by  298  establishments,  the  largest  number  manufacturing  any  one 
kind  of  leather. 

BOOTS    AND    SHOES. 

In  1905  there  were  1,316  establishments  engaged  in  the  industry,  having  $122,526,093 
capital,  149,924  wage-earners,  wages  amounting  to  $69,059,680,  cost  of  materials  amounting 
to  $197,363,495,  and  products  valued  at  $320,107,458.  All  of  these  items,  except  the  number 
of  establishments,  show  increases  for  the  five-year  period  since  the  Twelfth  Census.  Capital 
and  value  of  products  increased  at  practically  the  same  rate,  the  per  cent,  of  gain  In  the 
latter  being  23.6,  as  compared  with  22.7  in  the  former.  The  advance  of  80.8  per  cent,  in 
the  miscellaneous  expenses,  which  is  nearly  four  times  that  in  any  other  item,  is  doubtless 
due  in  part  to  the  heavy  amount  paid  for  advertising.  The  fact  that  the  gain  in  wage- 
earners  (5.7  per  cent.)  was  so  slight  in  comparison  with  the  gain  in  value  of  products  Is 
due  principally  to  the  increased  use  of  machinery,  and  in  a  measure  to  the  large  increase 
in  the  use  of  cut  stock  made  by  factories  devoted  exclusively  to  that  kind  of  work. 

The  number  of  establishments  in  1905  was  less  by  283,  or  17.7  per  cent.,  than  In  1900. 


220  The  Leather  Industry. 

STATISTICS    OF    MANUFACTURES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES— C'on/m«erf. 

Many  concerns  went  out  of  existence  in  these  five  years,  while  others  increased  largely  their 
equipment  and  their  output. 

PRODUCTS. 

There  has  been  an  increase  in  the  value  of  every  kind  of  boots  and  shoes,  and  at  the 
same  time  a  reduction  in  the  number  of  establishments  manufacturing  each  kind.  In  most 
cases  the  quantity  has  not  increased  at  the  same  rate  as  the  value.  More  than  half  the 
total  number  of  establishments  specialized  in  one  product.  Men's  boots  and  shoes  exclu- 
sively were  manufactured  by  198  establishments;  boys'  and  youths',  by  29;  women's,  by  171, 
and  120  made  only  misses'   and  children's  boots  and  shoes. 

LOCALIZATION. 

Boot  and  shoe  manufacture  is  tactically  confined  to  the  New  England,  North  Central, 
and  Middle  Atlantic  States.  The  three  groups  combined  represent  over  95  per  cent,  of  the 
total  capital  and  value  of  products.  From  the  Inception  of  the  industry  in  this  country  the 
New  England  States  have  led  all  others.  In  1905  over  half  the  capital,  wage-earners,  and 
products  in  the  industry  was  reported  by  these  States,  and  over  40  per  cent,  by  Massa- 
chusetts alone.  This  State  has  held  first  rank  since  the  statistics  of  boot  and  shoe  manu- 
facture were  first  taken,  and  now  contributes  a  greater  proportion  of  all  items  than  In  1900. 
except  in  value  of  products,  which  forms  a  slightly  smaller  proportion  of  the  total.  There 
was  an  absolute  increase,  however,  of  $27,176,183.  or  2.3.2  per  cent.,  in  value  of  products, 
and  in  capital  of  $11,952,098,  or  31.8  per  cent.  Next  to  Massachusetts,  the  most  prominent 
State  was  New  York,  but  the  capital  reported  there,  $14,106,058,  was  less  than  one-third, 
and  the  value  of  products,  $34,137,049,  less  than  one-fourth  the  amounts  of  these  items 
reported  from  Massachusetts.  The  ten  States  next  in  rank  according  to  value  of  products 
are  Ohio,  Missouri,  New.  Hampshire,  Pennsylvania,  Maine.  Illinois,  New  Jersey,  Wisconsin, 
Minnesota,  and  Michigan,  in  the  order  named.  In  capital  the  States  rank  the  same  as  In 
value  of  products,  except  that  Wisconsin  leads  New  Jersey.  There  have  been  no  violent 
changes  in  the  positions  of  the  leading  States.  The  most,  marked  is  the  rise  of  Missouri 
from  seventh  place  to  fourth,  which  is  the  result  of  an  increase  in  capital  of  97  per  cent, 
and  of  108.8  per  cent,  in  value  of  products.  Ohio  also  reported  more  capital  and  greater 
value  of  products  than  in  1900. 

That  the  industry  is  urban  in  character  may  be  observed:  Sixty  cities,  each  having 
products  valued  at  over  $1,000,000.  produced  about  four-fifths  of  the  total  value  of  products; 
thirteen  cities,  all  but  one  of  which  had  a  population  of  25,000  and  over  in  1900,  and  all  but 
three  over  50,000  population  each,  had  products  valued  at  over  $5,000,000,  and  together 
turned  out  48.9  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  all  boots  and  shoes  manufactured  in  1905.  All  of 
the  thirteen  cities**  except  Chicago  are  in  the  six  leading  States.  Brockton,  Mass..  has 
obtained  first  place  at  the  expense  of  Lynn,  Mass.,  which  dropped  to  second.  Other  cities 
in  Massachusetts  which  had  products  valued  at  over  $5,000,000  were  Haverhill,  Marlboro, 
and  Boston.  The  progress  of  Missouri  in  the  industry  is  due  to  St.  Louis's  gain  of  180.5 
per  cent,  in  value  of  products,  which  brought  that  city  from  ninth  in  rank  to  third.  The 
net  increase  for  the  thirteen  cities  was  40.1  per  cent.,  whereas  that  for  thirty  cities  and 
towns  having  over  $1,000,000,  but  less  than  $5,000,000  product,  was  23.2  per  cent.  It  is  evi- 
dent that  the  growth  in  the  large  centres  is  proportionately  more  rapid. 

LEATHER  CLOVES  AND  MITTENS. 

In  1905  leather  gloves  and  mittens  were  made  in  339  establishments.  Their  total  capital 
was  $10,705,599;  they  employed  10,645  wage-earners;  paid  in  wages  $3,840,253;  used  materials 
costing  $10,000,889,  and  manufactured  products  valued  at  $17,740,385.  The  chief  materials 
used  were  hides  and  skins,  which  cost  $8,109,523.  The  kinds  used  in  1905,  in  the  order  of 
their  total  cost,  were  horse  and  cow  hides,  sheepskins  (domestic),  kid  and  suede  (imported), 
kid    and    suede    (domestic),    deerskins,    sheepskins    (imported),    and    hogskins    (domestic    and 

llliportod). 

The  total  number  of  gloves,  mittens,  and  gauntlets  manufactured  in  the  United  States 
increased  from  2,895,661  dozen  pairs  to  3,370,146  dozen  pairs,  or  16.4  per  cent.,  although 
their  value  increased  only  from  $16,039,168  to  $17,122,772,  or  6.8  per  cent.  The  dispropor- 
tionate increase  in  quantity  and  value  is  probably  accounted  for  by  the  larger  use  of  horse 
and  cow  hides,  materials  which  are  cheaper  and  more  durable  than  deerskin  and  sheepskin 
for  rough  gloves.  Men's  dress  and  working  gloves  and  mittens  were  the  leading  products, 
comprising  86.5  per  cent,  of  the  total  output  of  gloves  and  mittens.  Women's  and  chil- 
dren's gloves  and  mittens  were  not  extensively  made,  owing  to  scarcity  of  suifkble  skins 
and   cost   of  labor. 

LOCALIZATION. 

The  leading  States  were,  in  the  order  of  the  value  of  their  products.  New  York,  Wis- 
consin, Illinois,  and  California.  The  output  of  Wisconsin  increased  in  the  five-year  period 
.300  per  cent.,  while  that  of  Illinois,  New  York,  and  California  decreased,  respectively,  31.1 
per  cent.,  8.4  per  cent.,  and  1.1  per  cent.  The  manufacture  of  leather  gloves  and  mittens 
in  this  country  was  first  undertaken  in  Fulton  County,  N.  Y..  and  the  locality  has  malH- 
tained  its  pre-eminence,  producing  in  1905,  in  145  establishments,  48.3  per  cent,  of  the  total 
value  of  products.  Gloversville  alone,  with  86  establishments,  produced  29.9  per  cent,  of 
the  total  value  of  products  for  the  United  States.  The  capital  invested  in  this  county  is 
52.8  per  cent,  of  the  total. 

IMPORTS. 

The  total  value  of  gloves  of  kid  and  leather  imported  in  1905  was  $4,727,489.  Three- 
fourths  of  the  value  was  from  France  and  Germany.  There  was  a  decrease  of  $1,380,276. 
or  22.6  per  cent.,  between  1900  and  1905,  due  in  a  measure  to  the  increased  use  of  knit 
gloves  and  cloth  gloves,  and  also  to  the  Increased  importation  of  skins  "in  salt  pickle." 
which  are  admitted  free  of  duty.  The  dressing  of  these  skins  for  home  factories  is  growing 
rapidly,  especially  in  New  York.  Imports  of  gloves  were  almost  exclusively  of  the  finer 
grades,  and  most  of  them  probably  ladies'  gloves. 


Postal  Inforination.  221 


iDo.dtal  JiUfornuition* 

(.Revised  Decetniter.,  1907,  at  the  New  Yuik  I'oat- OjlJicc ,  for  Tiik  World  Almanac.) 
DOrVIESTiC    RATSS    OF    POSTAGE. 

A IX  mailable  maf»er  for  tiiiusinissioa  by  tho  ITiiited  States  mails  within  the  United  States  Is 
divided  into  four  classes,  under  tlie  following  re-idatiniis.  (l)oniestic  rates  apply  to  Canada, 
Mexico,  Cuba, Tntnila.  Porto  Rico, Guam, Hawaii, the  Philippiues,the  "Canal  Zone,''  the  Republic 
of  Panama, and  Sliung-hai,  China). 

Fii*Mt>Cla.^!!i  .^latter.— Tliis  class  includes  .etters,  po.stal  cards,  * '  post  cards,"  and  anything 
sealed  or  otherwise  closed  against  Inspection,  or  auythuig  coniainiug  writing  not  allowed  as  an 
accompaniment  lo  printed  matter  underclass  three. 

Rates  of  letter  postage  to  any  part  of  the  United  States,  Its  possessions,  or  the  above-named 
conn!  ries,  two  cents  )jer  <nincf  or  fi aclion  thrrenf. 

Hates  on  local  or  drop  letters  at  free  delivery  offices,  two  cents  per  ounce  or  fraction  thereof.  At 
ofHces  where  there  is  no  free  delivery  by  carriers, and  the  addressee  cannot  be  .served  bj' rural  free 
tlelivery  jarriei-s,one  cent  per  ounce  or  fraiction  thereof. 

Hates  on  postal  cards,  one  cent  (double  or  "reply*'  cards,  two  cents).  Postal  cards  issued  by 
the  Post-OlHce  Department  may  bear  written,  printed,  or  other  editions  as  follows  : 

(a)  The  face  of  the  card  mav  be  divided  by  a  vertical  line  placed  approximately  one-third  of  the 
distance  from  the  left  end  of  the  card ;  the  siiace  to  the  left  of  the  line  to  be  used  for  a  message,  etc. , 
but  the  space  to  the  right  for  the  address  only. 

('>)  Addresses  upon  postal  cards  naay  be  either  written, printed,  or  affixed  thereto,  at  the  option 
of  the  sender. 

(c)  Very  thin  sheets  of  paper  may  oe  attached  to  the  card  on  condition  that  they  completely  ad- 
here thereto.    Such  sheets  may  bear  both  writing  and  orinti ng. 

id)  Advertisements,  illustrations,  or  writing  may  appear  on  the  back  of  the  card  and  on  the  left 
third  of  the  face. 

2.  'J'he  addition  to  a  postal  card  of  matter  other  than  as  above  authorized  will  subject  the  card , 
when  sent  in  the  mails,  to  postage  according  to  the  character  of  the  message— at  the  letter  rate  if 
wholly  or  partly  in  writing  or  the  third-class  rate  if  entirely  iu  print.  In  either  case  the  postage 
value  of  the  stamp  impressed  upon  the  card  will  not  be  impaired. 

3.  Postal  cards  must  be  treated  in  all  respects  a<  sealed  letters,  except  that  when  undeliverable 
to  the  addressee  they  may  not  be  returned  to  the  sender. 

4.  Postal  cards  bearing  particles  of  glass,  metal,  mica,  sand,  tinsel  or  other  similar  substances, 
are  unmailal)le,  except  when  inclosed  iu  envelopes  with  proper  postage  attached,  or  when  treated 
in  such  manner  as  will  prevent  the  objectionable  substances  from  being  rubbed  otf  or  injuring  persons 
handling  the  mails. 

Cards  that  have  been  spoiled  in  printingor  otherwise  will  Be  redeemed  from  t/ie  original  purchasers 
at  75  per  cent,  of  their  face  value  if  nnmutilated. 

Post  Cards— (Private  Mailing  Cards)— bearing  written  or  printed  messages  are  transmissible  In 
the  mails : 

Private  mailing  cards  (•'  post  cards")  in  the  domestic  mails  mu.st  conform  to  the  following  con- 
ditions :  41} 

{(t)  A  "postcard"  must  be  an  unfolded  piece  of  cardboard  not  exceeding  approximately  3  9-16 
by  5  9-16  inches,  nor  less  than  approximately  2%  by  4  inches, 

{b)  It  must  inform  andin  the  quality  and  weight  of  paper  be  substantially  like  the  Government 
postal  card. 

(c)  It  may  be  of  any  color  not  Interfering  with  a  legible  address  and  postmark. 

(d)  It  may  or  may  not,  at  the  option  of  the  sender,  bear  near  the  top  of  the  face  the  words  *  'post 
card. ' ' 

(e)  The  face  of  the  card  may  be  divided  by  a  vertical  line  ;  the  left  half  to  be  used  for  a  message, 
etc. ,  but  that  to  the  right  for  the  address  only. 

(/)  Verj' thin  sheets  of  paper  may  be  attached  to  the  card,  and  then  only  on  condition  thatthey 
completely  adhere  thereto.     Such  sheets  may  bear  both  writing  and  j)riuting. 

(.c)  Advertisemeutsaudillu.stratiousmay  appear  on  the  back  of  the  card  and  on  the  left  half  of 
the  face. 

2.  Cards,  without  cover,  conforming  to  the  foregoing  conditions  are  transmissible  in  the  domestic 
mails  (including  the  possessions  of  the  United  States)  and  to  Cuba,  Canada,  Mexico,  the  Republic  of 
Pauama,  and  the  United  States  postal  agency  at  Shanghai,  China, at  the  postage  rate  of  1  ceuteach. 

3.  When  postcards  are  prepared  by  printers  and  stationers  for  sale,  it  is  desirable  that,  they  bear 
in  the  upper  right  hand  coriierof  the  face  an  oblong  diagram  containing  the  words  "  Place  postage 
stamp  here, "  aud  at  the  bottom  of  the  space  to  the  right  of  the  verticle  dividing  line,  the  words 
"This  space  for  the  address. ' ' 

4.  Cards  which  do  notconform  to  the  conditions  prescribed  by  ihese  regulations  are,  when  .sent 
in  the  mails,  chargeable  with  postage  according  to  the  character  of  the  message— at  the  letter  rate, 
if  wholly  or  partly  in  writing,  oral  the  third-class  rate,  if  entirely  in  print. 

5.  Cards  bearing  particles  of  glass,  metal,  mica,  sand,  tinsel,  or  other  similar  substances,  are 
unmttilafile,  except  when  inclosed  in  envelopes,  or  when  treated  iusuch  manner  as  will  prevent  the 
objectionable  substances  from  being  rubbed  olf  or  injuring  persons  handling  the  mails. 

Rates  on  specially  delivered  letters,  ten  cents  on  each  letter  fti  addition  to  the  regular  postage. 
This  entitles  the  letter  to  immediate  delivery  by  special  messenger.  Special  delivery  stamps  are 
sold  at  post-offices,  and  must  be  alfxxed  to  such  letters.  An  ordinary  ten-cent  stamp  affixed  to  a 
letter  will  entitle  it  to  special  delivery  if  the  letter  is  marked  "Special  Delivery.'''  The  delivery,  at 
carrier  offices,  extends  to  the  limits  of  the  carrier  routes.  At  Jion-carrier  offices  it  exiencjs  to  one 
mile  from  the  post-office.  Postmasters  are  not  obliged  to  deliver  beyond  these  limits,  and  lettei-s 
addressed  to  places  beyona  must  await  delivery  in  the  usual  way  notwithstanding  the  special 
delivery  stamp. 

Prepayment  by  stamps  Invariably  required.  Postage  on  all  letters  should  be  /i»?Zj/ prepaid,  but 
it  prepaid  owe  full  rate  and  no  more,  they  will  be  forwarded,  and  the  amount  of  deficient  postage 
collected  on  delivery;  if  wholly  unpaid,  or  prepaid  with  less  than  one  lull  rate  and  deposited  at  a 
post-office,  the  addressee  will  be  notified  to  remit  postage;  and  if  he  fails  to  do  so,  tlie.v  will  be  sent 
to  the  Dead  Letter  Office;  but  they  will  be  returned  to  the  sender  if  he  is  located  at  the  place  of  mail- 
ing, and  if  his  address  be  printed  or  written  upon  them. 

Letter  rates  are  charged  on  all  productions  by  the  typewriter  or  manifold  process,  and  on  all 
printed  imitations  of  typewriting  or  manuscript,  unless  such  reproductions  are  presented  at  po.st- 
office  windows  in  the  minimum  number  of  twenty  identical  copies  separately  addre.ssed. 

Letters  and  other  matter  prepaid  at  the  letter  rate— two  cents  an  ounce  or  fraction  thereof —(but 


2^2  Postal  Information. 


POSTAL  INFORMATION— Con/mj^-d. 


no  other  class  of  mail  matter)  will  be  returned  to  the  sender  free,  if  a  request  to  that  effect  Is  printed 
or  written  on  the  envelope  or  wrapper.    The  limit  of  weight  is  four  pounds  except  for  a  single  bonk. 

Prepaid  letter^  will  be  forwarded  from  one  post-office  to  another  upon  the  written  request  of  the 
person  addressed,  without  additional  charge  for  postage.  The  direction  on  forwarded  letters  may 
be  changed  a^  many  times  as  maybe  necessarj'  to  reach  the  person  addressed. 

Sf^coiid-Class  flatter.— This  class  includes  all  newspapers  and  periodicals  exclusively  in  print 
that  liave  been  "  Entered  as  second-rlass  matter,"  and  are  regularly  issued  at  stated  intervals  as  fre- 
quently as  four  times  a  year,  from  a  known  office  of  publication  and  mailed  by  the  publishers  or  news- 
agents to  actual  subscribei-s  or  to  newsagents  for  sale,  and  newspapers  and  publications  of  this  class 
mailed  by  persons  other  than  publisliers.  Publications  having  the  characteristics  of  books  and  such  as 
art'  not  subscribed  for  oa  account  of  tlieir  met  its,  but  because  of  other  inducements,  are  not  eligible  to 
second  cla.ss  privileges.  Also  periodical  publications  of  benevolent  and  fraternal  societies,  organized 
under  the  lodge  syst^MU  and  having  a  merabei-ship  of  a^housand  persons,  and  the  publications  of 
strictly  professional,  literary,  historical,and  scientific  societies,  and  incorporated  Ihstitiitions  otlearn- 
ing,  trade  unions,  etc.,  provided  only  that  these  be  published  at  stated  intervals  not  less  than  fourtin)es 
a  year,  and  that  they  be  printed  on  and  be  bound  in  paper.  Publishers  who  wish  to  avail  themselves  of 
the  privileges  of  the  act  are  required  to  make  formal  application  to  the  department  through  the  post- 
master at  the  place  of  publication,  producing  satisfactorj*  evidence  that  the  organizations,  societies, 
and  institutions  represented  come  within  the  purview  of  the  law,  and  that  the  object  of  the  publica- 
tions is  to  further  the  objects  and  purposes  of  the  organizations. 

Rates  of  postage  to  publishers,  one  cent  a  pound  oi'  fractional  part  thereof,  prepaid  in  currency. 
Publications  designed  primarily  for  advertising  or  free  circulation,  or  not  having  a  legitimate  list  of 
subscribers,  are  excluded  from  the  pound  rate,  and  pay  the  third-class  rate. 

Second-class  publications  must  possess  legitimate  subscription  lists  equalling  50  per  cent  of  the 
number  of  copies  regularly  issued  and  circulated  bj'  mail  or  otliemoise.  Unless  they  do  pouud-rate 
privileges  are  revoked  or  withheld. 

Whenever  the  general  character  and  manner  of  issae  of  a  periodical  publication  is  changed  in  the 
interest  of  the  publisher,  or  of  advertisers  or  other  pei-sons,  by  the  addition  of  unusual  quantities  of 
advertisements,  or  of  matter  ditrerent  from  that  usually  appearing  in  the  publication,  or  calculated 
togive  special  prominence  to  some  particular  business  or  businesses,  or  otherwise— especially  where 
large  numbers  of  copies  are  circulated  by  or  in  the  interest  of  particular  persons— the  second-class 
rates  of  postage  will  be  denied  that  issue;  and  if  there  be  repeated  Instances  of  such  irregularities, 
the  publication  will  be  excluded  from  the  mails  as  second-class  matter. 

Such  "Christmas,"  "New  Year's,*'  and  other  special  issues,  including  "Almanacs,"  as  are  ex- 
cluded from  second-class  privileges  by  the  terms  above  specified  may  be  transmitted  by  mail  only 
when  prepaid  by  postage  stamps  at  the  rate  applicable  to  third-cla.ss  matter — one  cent  for  each  two 
ounces  or  fraction  thereof. 

Publications  sent  to  actual  subscribers  in  the  county  where  published  are  free,  unle.ss  mailed  for 
delivery  at  a  letter-carrier  office. 

Rates  of  postiige  on  second-class  newspapers,  magazines,  orperiodicals,  mailed  by  others  than  the 
publishers  or  newsagents,  one  ceni /or  ^ac/i /our  oitnces  o»/rf(c^(on  i/fj-eo/".  It  should  be  observed  tliat 
the  rate  is  one  cent  for  each  four  ounces,  not  one  cent  for  each  paper  contained  in  the  same  wrapper. 
This  rata  applies  only  when  a  complete  copy  is  mailed.  Parts  of  second-class  publications  or  partial 
or  incomplete  copies  are //li/ci-rZrtss  »ia//^>\  Second-class  matter  will  be  entitled  to  special  delivery 
when  special  delivery  stamps  (or  ten  cents  in  ordinary  stamps  and  the  words  "Special  Delivery" 
placed  on  the  wrapper)  are  affixed  in  addition  to  the  regular  postage. 

Second-cla-ss  matter  must  be  so  wrapped  as  to  enable  the  postmaster  to  inspect  it.  The  sender's 
name  and  address  maybe  written  in  them  or  on  the  wrapper,  also  the  words  "sample  copy, "  or 
"marked  copy. ' '  T.vpographical  errors  in  the  text  may  be  corrected',  but  any  other  writing  subjects 
the  matter  to  letter  postage. 

Third-Class  Matter.— Mail  matter  of  the  third  class  includes  printed  books,  pamphlets,  en- 
gravings, circulars  in  print  (or  by  the  hectograph,  electric-pen,  or  similar  process  when  at  least 
twenty  identical  copies,  separately  addressed,  are  mailed  at  jpost-office  windows  at  one  time),  and 
other  matter  wholly  in  print,  proof  sheets,  corrected  prooTsheets,  and  manu.script  copy  accom- 
panying the  same. 

Tlie  rate  on  matter  of  this  class  is  one  cent  for  each'tivo  ounces  or  fraction  thereof  payable  by  stamps 
affixed,  unless 2,000 or  more  identical  pieces  are  mailed  under  special  permit  when  the  postage  at 
that  rate  may  be  paid  iu  money. 

Manuscript  unaccompanied  by  proof-sheets  must  pay  letter  rates. 

Third-class  matter  must  admit  of  easy  inspection,  otherwise  it  will  be  charged  letter  rates  on 
delivery.  It  must  be  fully  prepaid,  or  it  will  not  be  despatched.  New  postage  must  be  prepaid  for 
forwarding  to  a  new  address  or  returning  to  senders. 

The  limit  of  weight  is  four  pounds,  except  single  books  in  separate  packages,  on  which  the  weight 
is  not  limited.  It  is  entitled,  like  matter  of  theother  classes,  to  special  delivery  when  special  delivery 
stamps  are  affixed  in  addition  to  the  regular  postage,  or  when  ten  cents  in  ordinary  stamps  are  affixed 
in  addition  to  the  regular  postage»and  the  words  '  *Speci£il  Delivery"  are  placed  on  the  wrapper. 

Upon  matter  of  the  third  class,  or  upon  the  wrapper  or  envelope  inclosing  the  same,  or  tlie  tag  or 
label  attached  thereto,  the  sender  may  write  his  own  name,  occupation, and  residence  or  business 
address,  preceded  by  the  word  "from,"  and  may  make  marks  oth^r  than  by  written  words  to 
call  attention  to  any  word  or  passage  in  the  text,  and  may  correct  any  typographical  errors. 
There  may  be  placed  upon  the  blank  leaves  or  cover  of  any  book,  or  printed  matter  of  the  third- 
class,  a  simple  manuscript  dedication  or  inscription  not  of  the  nature  of  a  personal  correspondence. 
Upon  the  wrapper  or  envelope  of  third-class  matter,  or  the  tag  or  label  attached  thereto,  may  he 
printdd  any  matter  mailal)le  as  third-class,  but  there  must  be  left  on  the  address  side  a  space  suffi- 
cient for  the  legible  address  and  necessary  stamps. 

Fourth-Class  Matter.— Fourth-class  matter  is  all  mailable  matter  not  included  in  the  three 
preceding  classes  which  is  so  prepared  for  mailing  as  to  be  easily  withdrawn  from  the  wrapper  and 
examined.    It  embraces  merchandise  and  samples  of  every  description,  and  coin  or  specie. 

Rate  of  postage,  one  cent  for  each  ounce  or  fradion  tliereof  (except  seeds,  roots,  bulbs,  cuttings, 
scions,  and  plants,  the  rate  on  which  is  one  rent  for  ewh  tivo  ounces  or  fraction  thereof).  This  matter 
must  be  fully  prepaid,  or  it  will  not  be  despatched.  Postage  must  be  paid  by  stamps  affixed,  unless 
2,000  or  more  identical  pieces  are  mailed  at  ine  time  when  the  postage  at  that  rate  may  be  paid  in 
money.     New  postage  must  be  prepaid  for  forwarding  or  returning.    The  affixing  of  special  delivery 


Postal  In  formation.  223 


POSTAL  INFORMATION— C'o?i//7it«fd. 


ten-cent  stamps  in  additior:  to  the  regularpostage  entitles  fourth-class  matter  toi<?pecial  delivery.  (See 
remarks  nnder  ' '  first-class  matter. ' ' ) 

Articles  of  this  class  that  are  liable  to  injure  or  deface  the  mails,  such  as  glass,  sugar,  needles,  nails, 
pens,  etc.,  must  be  first  wrapped  in  a  bag,  box,  or  open  envelope  and  then  si'cured  in  anotlier  outside 
Hibe  or  box,  made  of  metal  or  hard  wood,  without  sharp  corners  or  edges,  and  having  a  sliding  clasp 
or  screw  11(1,  thus  securing  the  articles  in  a  double  package.  The  public  should  bear  in  mind  that  the  first 
object  of  thedepartment  islo  transport  the  mails  safel3\  and  everj'  other  interest  is  made  subordinate. 

Such  articles  as  poisons,  explosives,  or  inflammable  articles,  live  or  dead  animals,  insects,  fruits 
or  vegetable  matter  liable  to  decomposition,  or  substances  exhaling  a  bad  odor  will  not  be  forwarded 
in  any  case. 

Firearms  may  only  be  sent  when  it  is  apparent  that  they  are  harmless. 

The  regulations  respecting  the  mailing  of  liquids  are  as  follows:  Jjiquids,  not  ardent,  vinous, 
spirituous,  or  malt,  and  not  liable  to  explosion,  spontaneous  combustion,  or  ignition  by  shock  or  jar, 
and  not  inflammable  (such  as  kerosene,  naphtha,  or  turpentine),  may  be  admitted  to  the  mails  for 
transportation  within  the  United  States.  Samples  of  altar  or  communion  wine  are  mailable.  Whfn 
in  glass  bottles  or  vials,  such  bottles  or  vials  must  be  strong  enough  to  .stand  the  shock  of  handling  in 
the  mails,  and  must  be  inclosed  in  a  metal,  wooden,  or  papier-mache  block  or  tube,  not  less  than 
three-sixteenths  of  an  inch  thick  in  the  thinnest  part,   strong  enough  to  support  the  weight  of  mails 

giled  in  bags  and  resist  rough  handling;  and  there  must  be  provided,  between  the  bottle  and  said 
lock  or  tube,  a  cushion  of  cotton,  felt,  or  some  other  absorbent  sufficient  to  protect  the  glass  frotn 
shock  in  handling;  the  block  or  tube  to  be  impervious  to  liquids,  including  oils,  and  closed  by  a 
tightly  fitting  lid  or  cover,  so  adjusted  as  to  make  tlip  block  or  tube  water  tight  and  to  prevent  the 
leakage  of  the  contents  in  case  of  breaking  of  the  glass.  When  inclosed  in  a  tin  cylinder,  metal  case, 
or  tube,  such  cylinder,  case,  or  tube  should  have  a  lid  or  cover  so  secured  as  to  make  the  case  or  tube 
watertight,  and  should  be  securely  fastened  in  a  wooden  or  papier-mache  block  (open  only  {*  one 
end),  and  not  less  in  thickness  and  strength  than  above  described.  Manufacturers  or  dealers  intend- 
ing to  transmit  articles  or  samples  in  considerable  quantities  should  submit  a  sample  package,  show- 
ing their  modt;  of  packing,  to  the  postmaster  at  the  mailing  office  who  will  see  that  the  conditions  of 
this  .section  are  carefully  observed.  The  limit  of  admissible  liquids  and  oils  is  not  exceeding  four 
ounces,  liquid  measure. 

Limit  of  weight  of  fourth-class  matter  (excepting  liqjids  and  single  books),  lour  pounds. 

The  name  and  address  of  the  sender,  preceded  by  the  word  "from,"  also  any  marks,  numbers, 
names,  or  letters  for  the  purpose  of  description,  sucii  as  prices,  quantity  etc.,  may  be  written  on  the 
wrapper  of  fourth-class  matter  without  aflditional  postage  charge.  \  request  to  the  delivering  post- 
master may  also  be  written  asking  him  to  notify  the  spuder  in  case  the  package  is  not  delivered. 

Third  or  Fourth  Class  flatter  I^Fai Sable  Without  Stamps.— Under  special  permits  post- 
age may  be  paid  in  money  for  third  or  fourth  class  matter  mailed  in  quantities  of  2,000  or  more 
idenUml  pieces,  ^or  information  concerning  the  regulations  governing  such  mailings  inquiry  should 
be  made  of  the  postmaster. 

Hesfistratiiui.— All  kinds  of  postal  matter  may  be  registered  at  the  rate  ol  eight  rrnfs  for  each 
packftop  \u 'M(i\r\on  to  the  regular  rates  of  postage,  to  be  fully  prepaid  by  stamps.  Each  package 
must  bear  the  name  and  address  of  the  sender,  and  a  receipt  will  be  returned  from  the  person  to 
whom  addressed.    Mail  matter  can  be  registered  at  all  post-otfices  in  the  United  States. 

An  indemnity— not  to  exceed  $25  for  anyone  registered  piece,  or  the  actual  value  of  the  piece,  if 
it  is  less  than  s25 -shall  he  paid  for  the  loss  of  first-class  registered  matter. 

Domerjitic  .Honey  Orders.— Domestic  money  orders  are  issued  by  money-order  post-offices  for 
any  amount  up  to  SIOO.  at  the  following  rates: 

For  sums  not  >'xceedine:  •'82.50,  Scents;  over  $2.50  to  $5,  Scents;  over  §5  to  $10,  Scents;  over 
$10to%20,  10  rents;  over  *20  to  $30,  12  cents;  over  $30  to  S40.  15  cents;  over  $40  to  $50,  18  cents: 
over$50tn$60.  20cens;  over  S6'>  to  $75.  25  cents;  over  $75  to  $100,  30  cents. 

.Stainpied  Envelopes.— Embossed  stamped  envelopes  and  newspaper  wrappers  of  several 
denominations,  sizes  and  colors  are  kept  on  sale  at  post-offices,  singly  or  in  quantities,  at  a  small 
advance  on  the  postage  rate.  Stamps  cut  from  stamped  envelopes  are  valueless;  but  postmasters 
are  authorized  to  Drive  good  stamps  for  stamped  envelopes  or  newspaper  wrappers  that  maybe  spoiled 
in  directing,  if  presented  in  a  substantially  whole  condition. 


All  matter  concerning  lotteries,  gift  concerts,  or  schemes  devised  to  defraud  the  public,  or  for  the 
purpose  of  obtaining  money  under  false  pretences,  is  denied  transmission  in  the  mails. 

Applications  for  the  establishment  of  post-offices  should  be  addressed  to  the  First  Assistant  Post- 
master-General, accompanied  by  a  statement  of  the  necessity  therefor.  Instructions  will  then  be  given 
and  blanks  furnished  to  enable"  the  petitioners  to  provide  the  department  with  the  neces.sary  infor- 
mation. 

The  franking  privilege  was  abolished  July  1. 1873.  but  the  following  mail  matter  may  be  sent  free 
by  legislative  saving  clauses,  viz. : 

1.  All  public  documents  printed  by  order  of  Congress,  the  Congressional  Record  and  speeches  con- 
tained therein,  franked  bv  Members  of  Congress,  or  the  Secretaryof  theSenate,  orClerk  of  the  House. 

2.  Seeds  transmitted  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  or  by  any  Member  of  Congress,  procured 
from  that  Department. 

3.  Letters  and  packages  relating  exclusively  to  the  business  of  the  Government  of  the  tnited 
States,  mailed  only  by  officers  of  the  same,  and  letters  and  parcels  mailed  by  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion.   All  these  must  be  covered  by  specially  printed  "penalty' '  envelopes  or  labels. 

4.  The  Vice-President,  Members  and  Members-elect  and  Delegates  and  Delegates-elect  toCongress 
may  frank  any  mail  matter  to  any  Government  official  or  to  any  person  correspondence,  not  over 
four  ounces  in  weierht.  upon  official  or  departmental  business. 

All  communications  to  Government  officers  and  to  Memoers  of  Congress  are  required  to  be  prepaid 
by  stamps. ^ 

Hugg:esrions  to  the  Public  (from  the  United  States  Official  Postal- Guide). —MrU  all  letters,  etc.. 
as  early  as  practicable,  especially  when  ent  in  large  numbers,  as  is  frequently  the  case  with  news- 
papers and  circulars. 

All  mall  matter  at  large  post-offlces  is  necessarily  handled  in  great  haste  and  should  therefore  in 
ah  cases  be  so  plain r.,Y  addressed  as  to  leave  no  room  for  noUBT  and  no  KX€t;sE  for  krrob  on 
tbs  part  of  postal  employes.    Names  of  Btatea  ahould  b«  written  in  full  (or  thelf  abbreviations  very 


224  Foreign  Mails. 


POSTAL  INFORMATION— Con^mtted. 


distinctly  written)  in  order  to  prevent  errors  which  arise  from  the  similarity  of  such  abbreviations  as 
Cal.,  Col.  ;  Pa.,  Va.,  Vt. ;  Me.,  Mo.,  Md.  ;  loa.,  Ind.;  N.  H, ,  N.  M.,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  N.  C.  D.  C.  ; 
Miss.,  Minn.,  Mass.;  Nev.,  Neb.  ;  Penu.,  Tenn.,  etc.,  when  hastily  or  carelessly  written.  This  is 
especially  necessary  in  addressing  mail  matter  to  places  of  which  the  names  are  borne  by  several 
post-offices  in  different  States. 

Avoid  a-s  much  as  possible  using  envelopes  made  of  flimsy  paper,  especially  where  more  than  one 
sheet  of  paper,  or  anv  other  article  than  paper,  is  inclosed.  Being  often  handled  and  even  in  the  mail- 
bags  subject  to  pressure,  such  envelopes  not  infrequently  split  open,  giving  cause  of  complaint. 

Never  send  monev  or  an  v  other  article  of  value  through  the  mail  e.xcept  either  by  means  of  a  money 
orderor  in  a  registered  letter.  Anv  person  who  sends  money  or  jewelry  in  an  unregistered  letter  not 
only  runs  a  risk  of  losing  his  property,  but  exposes  to  temptation  every  one  through  whose  hands  his 
letter  passes,  and  may  be  the  means  of  ultimately  bringing  some  clerk  or  letter-carrier  to  ruin. 

See  that  everv  letter  or  package  bears  the  full  name  and  post-office  address  of  the  writer,  in  order 
to  secure  the  return  of  the  letter,  if  the  person  to  whom  it  is  directed  cannot  be  found.     A  much  larger 


by 
on  the  envelope.  ,  ^     ,       ^ 

When  dropping  a  letter,  newspaper,  etc..  into  a  street  mailing- box,  or  into  the  receptacle  at  a 
post-office, always  see  that  the  packet  falls  into  the  box  and  does  notstick  in  its  passage:  observe, also, 
particularly,  whether  the  postage  stamps  remain  securely  in  their  places. 

Postage  stamps  should  be  placed  on  the  upper  right-hand  corner  of  the  address  side  of  all  mail 
matter.  .  . 

The  street  and  number  for  box  number)  should  form  a  part  of  the  address  of  all  mail  matter  directed 
to  cities.  In  most  cities  there  are  many  persons,  and  even  firms,  bearing  the  same  name.  Before 
depositing  anv  package  or  other  article  for  mailing,  the  sender  should  assure  himself  that  it  is  wrapped 
and  packed  in  the  manner  prescribed  bv  postal  regulations;  that  it  does  not  contain  umnallahle  matter 
nor  exceed  the  limit  of  weisrhtas  fixed  by  law;  and  that  it  is  fully  prepaid  and  properly  addressed. 
The  postage  stamps  on  all  mail  matter  are  necessarily  cancelled  at  once,  and  the  value  of  those  affixed 
to  packages  that  are  afterward  discovered  to  be  short-paid  or  otherwise  uumailable  is  therefore  liable 
to  be  lost  to  the  senders.  .,        ,  . 

It  is  unlawful  to  send  an  ordinary  letter  by  express  or  otherwise  outside  of  the  mails  unless  it  be 
Inclosed  in  a  Government-stamped  envelope.  It  is  also  unlawful  to  inclose  a  letter  in  an  express 
package  unless  it  pertains  whollv  to  the  contents  of  the  package. 

It  is  forbidden  bv  the  regulations  of  the  Post-Office  Department  for  postmasters  to  give  to  any 
person  information  cbucerniug  the  mail  matter  of  another,  or  to  disclose  the  name  of  a  box-holder  at 
a  post-office. 

Letters  addressed  to  persons  temporarily  sojourning  in  a  city  where  the  Free  Delivery  System  is  In 
operation  should  be  marked  "Transient"  or  '-General  Delivery,"  if  not  addressed  to  a  street  and 
number  or  some  other  designated  place  of  deliver}'. 

Foreipn  books,  etc.,  infringing  United  States  copyright  are  undeliverable  if  received  m  foreign 
mails,  or  mailed  here. 

The  foregoing  rates,  rules,  and  suggestions  apply  to  posted  matters  in  the  United  States. 


jForn'sn  JHails* 


POSTAGE   RATES  AND  CONDITIONS. 

The  rates  of  postage  to  all  foreign  countries  and  colonies,  including  Newfoundland  (except  Canada, 
Cuba.  Mexico,  Panama,  and  Shanghai,  China),  are  as  follows  : 

Letters first  ounce  or  less,  Scents;  each  additional  ounce     Scents. 

Postal  cards,  each 2  cents. 

Newspapers  and  other  printed  matter,  per  2  ounces 1  cent. 

Commercial  papers  (such  as  legal  and  insurance  (Packets  not  in  excess  of  10  ounces 6  cents, 

papers,     deeds,    bills    of    lading,   invoices, -;  Packets  in  excess  of  10  ounces,  for  each  2 

manuscript  for  publication,  etc.) - (        ounces  or  fraction  thereof 1  cent, 

«Qrr.r.io=r,f  morr>hunHi«o  /P^'^ckets  uot  in  excess  of  4  ouuces 2  ceuts. 

oampiesoimercnauuihe.  \  packets  in  excess  of  4  ouuces,  for  each  2  ounces  or  fraction  thereof     1  cent. 
Registration  fee  on  letters  or  other  articles 8  cents. 

On  printed  matter  and  commercial  papers  the  limit  of  weight  is  4  pounds  6  ounces,  except  that 
single  volumes  of  books  to  Salvador,  Canada,  Mexico,  Cuba,  and  Panama,  are  unrestricted  as  to 
wHis<ht.  Size— The  limit  of  size  is  18  inches  in  any  one  dir-'Ction,  except  that  printed  matter  or  com- 
mercial papers  in  rolls  may  be  30  inches  long:  by  4  inches  in  diameter. 

Ordinary  letters  for  countries  of  the  Postal  Union  (except  Canada  and  Mexico)  will  be  forwarded, 
whether  any  postaare  is  prepaid  on  them  or  not.  All  other  mailable  matter  must  be  prepaid  at  least 
partially.  Domestic  rates  apply  to  Porto  Rico,  Guam.  Philippine  Islands,  Cuba,  "Canal  Zone,"  Re- 
public of  Panama,  Tutuila,  and  Hawaii  and  Shanghai  City. 

CANADA. 

Letters,  per  ounce,  prepayme-    compulsory 2  cents. 

Postal  cards,  each 1  cent. 

Newspapers,  per  4  ounces 1  cent. 

Merchandise  (not  exceeding  4  pounds  6  ounces),  per  ounce ~ 1  cent. 

Samples  of  merchandise,  same  as  to  other  Postal  Uniou  countries. 

Commercial  papers,  same  as  to  other  Postal  Union  countries. 

Registration  fee Scents. 

Any  article  of  correspondence  may  be  registered.  Packages  of  merchandise  are  subject  to  the 
resrulations  of  either  country  to  prevent  violations  of  the  revenue  laws;  must  not  be  closed  against  in- 
R»"ction.  and  must  be  .so  wrapped  and  inclosed  as  to  be  easily  examined.  Samples  must  not  exceed 
!•»  o'i'if PS  i>i  weiarht.  No  sealed  packages  other  than  letters  in  their  usual  and  ordinary  form  may  be 
s*;ut  by  mail  to  Canada. 

U.   8.   NAVAL  VESSELS. 

T.Iail  matter  for  officers  or  menabers  Of  the  crew  of  United  States  vessels  of  war  stationed  abroad  is 
subjtict  lu  doraosiic  pQstase  ra.tA»  {tnd  ccr)ditions.    Articles  ehouldbn  ftdsireawed  "V,  ^i  ^s  Cn»ta«  91 


Foreign  Mails.  225 


FOKliKrN  ^\k.\V&—ConUmi£<L 


vessel),  care  uf  Postmaster,  New  York,  X.  Y."  atid  he fuUi/ prepaid.  Mail  so  addressed  will  be  for- 
warded to  the  vessels.  4®"  Exiyresa  piickagcs  will  iiot  be  received  cU  tUe  post-office  unless  tliey  conform  to 
the  I^ostaL  B£gulatioiis  and  urepiaced  in  tlie  mail  ivit/i  tlie  po&lagevrupevLy prepaid, 

SHANGHAI,   CHINA. 
Domestic  postage  rates  and  conditious  apply  to  articles  addressed  for  delivery  in  the  City  of 
Sbaughai,  but  for  other  places  iu  Clima  the  Uuiversal  Postal  Iluiou  (foreigu)  rates  apply. 

MEXICO. 
Letters,  newspa-pers,  and  printed  matter  are  uow  carried  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico  at 
same  rates  as  in  the  United  states.  Samples,  "2  cents  for  first  -1  ounces,  and  1  cent  for  each  additional 
2  ounces;  limit  of  weight,  12  ounces.  Merchandise  other  than samplesshould  be  sent  by  Parcels  Post. 
No  sealed  packages  other  than  letters  in  their  usual  and  ordinarj'  form  may  be  sent  by  mail  to  Mex- 
ico, uor  any  packiige  over  4  pounds  0  ounces  in  weight,  except  Parcels  Post  packages  to  certain  cities. 
(See  Parcels  Post. ) 

SAMPLES. 
Packets  of  samples  of  merchandise  are  admissible  up  to  12  ounces  in  weight,  and  the  following 
tlimensions  apply  to  all  Postal  Union  coinitries:  12  inches  in  length,  8  inches  in  width,  and  4  inches 
in  depth,  or  if  they  are  in  the  form  of  a  roll,  12  inches  in  length  and  6  inches  in  diameter.  Merchan- 
dise of  salable  value  and  goods  not  in  execution  of  (n'ders,  or  as  gilts,  musi  be  paid  at  full  letter  rate» 
unless  sent  by  Parcels  Post  to  the  countries  with  which  Parcels  Post  exchange  is  tdaiutaiued. 

PARCELS  POST. 

Unsealed  packages  of  mailable  merchandise  may  be  sent  by  Parcels  Post  to  Bermuda,  Jamaica, 
Turk's  Island,  Barbados,  the  Bahamas,  British  Honduras,  Mexico,  the  Leeward  Islands  (Antigua,  St. 
Kitts,  Nevis,  Auquila,  Dominica,  Montserrat  and  Virgin  Islands),  Colombia,  Costa  Rica.  Salvador, 
British  (Tuiana,  Danish  West  Indies  (St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix,  and  St.  John)  and  the  Windward  Islands 
(St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent,  Grenada,  and  the  Grenadines),  Trinidad,  including  Tobago,  Venezuela 
(Bi>livia,  Ecuador,  Peru  and  Chile,  20  cents  per  pound),  Newioundland,  Honduras  cRepublic  of), 
Germany,  New  Zealand,  Nicaragua,  Guatemala,  Norway,  Japan,  including  Korea  and  Formosa 
Island,  Hong  Kong,  Belgium,  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  Australia,  Denmark,  Sweden  and 
China  (the  following  places  only:  Ainoj',  Canton,  Cheefoo,  Foochow,  Haihow,  Hankow,  Hong  Kong, 
Liu  Kiing  Tan,  Ningpo,  Shanghai, Swat<^.v,Chang.sha,Chinkiang,  Hangchow,  Nanking,  Newchwang, 
Peking,  Shangliaikivan,  Shasi,  Soocliow,  Sungchin,  Taiya,Tien- Tsiu  and  Wuchang),  andManchuria, 
the  following  places  only;  Antoken  (Antung),  Choshun  (Changchun),  Dairen  (Talien  or  Dalney), 
Daisekkio  (Tashichiao),  Daitoko  (  ratunarko),  Furantea  (Pulantien),  Gaboten  (Wafanlien),  Gailiai 
(Kaiping),  Ginkaton  (Newchatun),  Hishiko  (Pitguwo),  Honkeiko  (Penhsih),  Hoten  (Mukden), 
Howojio  I  Fenghueangcheng).  Kaigen  (Kaiyueu),  Kanjoshi  (Koantchensi),  Kaijio  (Haichaeng), 
Kinshu  (Chinchow),  Ivoshurei  (Kungchulim;),  Renzankaa  (Lienshankuan),  Riojnn  (Port  Arthur), 
Rioyo  (Liaoyang),  Riujutun  (Liushutun),  Senkinsai  (Chienchinsai),  Shi  leigai  (Ssupingchiel).  Shin- 
minfu  (Shingmingfu),  Shoto  (Changtu),  Sobyoshi  (Sbuangmiaotzu),  Sokaho  (Tsaohokaw).  Sokaton 
(Suchiatum),  Tetsurei  (Tiehling),  Taikozau  'Takushan),  Yendai  (Yentai),  Yugaknjio  (Hsiungyo- 
cheng),  attlie  following  postage  rate:  For  a  parcel  not  exceeding  one  pound  in  weight.  12  cents;  for 
each  additional  pound  or  fraction  thereof,  12  cents.  The  maxiinum  weight  allowed  is  eleven  pounds 
— except  that  to  certain  places  in  Mexico  and  to  all  parts  of  Germany,  Norway,  Hong  Kong,"Japan, 
Belgium,  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  Au-stralia,  Denmark,  Sweden,  China  (the  places  mentioned 
ab'ive),  the  limit  is  4  pounds  6  ounces,  and  tne  vaiue  of  parcels  for  these  countries  and  Ecuador, 
Peru,  must  not  exceed  $50— the  extreme  dimensions  allowed  for  Mexico.  Costa  Rica,  and  Colombia 
being  two  feet  length  by  four  feet  girth,  and  for  the  other  countries  not  more  than  three  feet  si.x 
inches  in  length,  nor  more  than  si.x  feet  in  length  and  girth  combined.  Parcels  must  be  wrapped 
so  as  to  permit  their  contents  to  be  easily  examined  by  postmasters.  Liquids,  poisonous,  e.x- 
plosive,  and  inflammable  substances  are  excluded.  Parcels  may  be  registered  for  8  cents  each  to  any 
of  the  above  places,  e.xcept  Barbados  and  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

A  Customs  declaration  (furnished  on  application  at  any  post-office)  must  be  attached  to  any 
Parcels  Post  package.  Parcels  for  Salvador  must  have  two  declarations,  and  parcels  for  Venezuela 
three  declarations  attached. 

R'ttea  mid  roiidifiona  lo  countries  not  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union  are  now  the  same  as  those  to  Uni- 
versal Postal  Union  countries. 


GENERAL    REGULATIONS    RESPECTING    FOREIGN    MAILS. 

Postage  can  be  prepaid  upon  articles  onl.v  by  means  of  the  postage  stamps  of  the  countr.v  in  which 
the  articles  are  mailed.  Hence  articles  mailed  in  one  country  addressed  to  another  country  which 
bear  postage  stamps  of  the  country  to  which  they  are  addressed  are  treated  as  if  they  had  no  postage 
stamps  attached  to  them. 

Unpaid  letters  recrnved  from  the  Postal  Union  and  insufficiently  prepaid  correspondence  of  all 
kinds  is  chargeable  with  double  the  amount  of  the  deficient  postage. 

Matter  to  be  sent  in  the  mails  at  less  than  letter  rates  must  be  so  wrapped  that  it  (-an  be  readily 
examined  at  the  office  of  delivery,  as  well  as  the  mailhi?  office,  .vithout  destroying  the  wrapper. 

Newspapers  and  periodicals  sent  in  the  mails  to  foreign  countries  other  than  those  of  the  Postal 
Union  should  be  wrapped  singly.  Those  sent  by  publishers  to  regular  subscribers  in  e'anada.  Cuba, 
Mexico,  and  Panama  are  transmissible  as  in  domestic  mails,  except  that  packages  addressed  to 
Mexico,  Cuba,  and  Pauama  must  not  exceed  4  pounds  6  ounces  in  weight. 

The  United  States  two-cent  postal  card  should  be  used  for  card  correspondence  with  foreign  coun- 
tries (except  Canada,  Cuba,  Mexico,  and  Panama,  t^  which  countries  the  one-cent  card  is  trans- 
missible), but  where  these  cards  cannot  he  obtained,  it  is  allowable  to  use  for  this  purpose  the  United 
States  one-cent  postal  card  with  a  one-cent  United  States  adhesive  postasre  stamp  attached  thereto. 
Private  cards  can  now  be  used  if  conforming  in  size,  etc.,  to  Government  cards,  such  cards  should 
bear  the  words  "'post  card.  " 

Mail  matter  of  nil  kinds  received  from  any  country  of  the  Postal  Union  is  required  to  be  refor- 
warded -a  the  request  of  t lift  add rps-:ee.  from  one  post-oifice  to  annthpr.  and  in  the  rase  ()f  articles 
other  than  Parcels  Po'^t  packages,  to  any  foreign  country  embraced  iu  the  Postal  Union,  without  ad- 
ditional charge  lor  postage.  ..  . 

AU  artlol^s  pr9Uiblt«d  ttoox  dom8»t!o  ms^lls  are  also  ©seltidsd  frota  cirgv.lation  in  tb.9  piaiw  to  »n«J 


226 


Distances  and  Postal   Time  from  N^eio    York   City. 


FOREIGN  MAILS— C'o»/nn/frf. 


from  foreiga   countries.     Postal  cards  or  letters  addressed  to  go  around  the  world  will  not  be  for- 
warded, being  proliibited. 

The  aft  or  Maicti  3.  1883,  imposes  a  duty  of  25  percent,  ad  valorem  on  all  printed  matter  not 
therein  otherwise  provided  for,  without  regard  to  mode  of  importation.  Under  said  act  all  printed 
matter,  etr.ept  neivspapers  mid  periodiraU,  and  except  printed  matter  other  than  books  Imported  in 
the  mails  for  personal  use,  is  subject  to  the  regular  duty  of  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

FOREIGN  (INTERNATIONAL)    MONEY  ORDERS. 
When  payable  in  Switzerlanrl,  New  Zealand,    Belgium,   Sweden,    Norway,   .Japan,   Denmark, 
Orange  River  Colony,  Netherlands,  the  Rihamas.  Trinidad,  Austria,  Hungary,  liermuda.  [•uxemboursr, 
Chile,  Egypt,  Bolivia,  Mexico,  Liberia,  Costa Ilica,  Peru, Transvaal,  Germany, Houg Kong,  Portugal, 
andApfal  the  charge  is  a-s  follows :_ 

overSlO  andnot  exceeriing  $20,  10  cents;  over$20nnn 

not  exceeding  .?40,  20  cents;  overS40  and  not  exceeding 

$60.  30  cents;  over  .S60aiid  not  exceeding  $70,  35  cents; 

over  $80  iiud  not  exceeding  $90,  45  cents;  over  $90  and 


For  order  not  ex^Cidding  $10,  8  cents; 
not  exceeding  $30.  15  cents;  over  $30  and 
$50,  25  cents;  over  $50  and  not  exceeding 
over  $70  and  nit  ex  •^•' ling  $80,  40  cents; 
not  exceeding  $100.  50  cents. 

When  payable  ".n  any  other  foreign  country,  the  charge  is  as  follows:  For  order  not  exceeding  $10. 
10  cents  ;  over  $10  and  not  exceeding  $20,  20  cents  :  over  $20  an<i  not  exceeding  $30,  30  cents  ; 
over  $30  and  not  exceeding  $40,  40  cents  :  over$40and  not  exceeding  $50,  50  cents  ;  over  $50  and 
not  exceeding  $60,  60  cents  ;  over  $60  and  not  exceeding  $70.  70  cents  ;  over  $70  and  not  exceed- 
ing $80,  80  cents  ;  over  $80  and  not  exceeding  $90.  90  cents;  over  $90  and  not  exceeding:  $100,  $1. 

The  maximum  amount  for  which  a  money  order  may  be  drawn  payable  in  Cape  Colony  is  $100. 
There  is  no  limitation  to  the  number  of  international  orders  that  may  be  issued,  in  oue  daj',  to  a 
remitter,  in  favor  of  the  same  payee. 

Domestic  rafes  and  regnlalio>u  nnnty  to  mnnfi/  ordpra  for  Canada,  Cuba,  JTawaii,  Newfoundland,  Pnrfo 
Riro,  and  the  Pkilippine  Talandft,  also  Windiony-d  I.'ilands,  Jamaica,  and  Leeward  Islands,  British  Unn- 
daras,  BritLsti  Gui.ani.  Canal  Zone  {Tstfim.ns  of  Panama),  Tutuila  (S  imoa).  United  States  Postal  Agency 
at  Shanghai  (,C/iina),  Virgin  Islands,  and  Guam. 


Miniuwttn  antr  J3osta(  Kiwxt  from  U^rto  ¥orfe  <^tt». 

TiMK  of  transit  of  mails,  a.s  indicated  by  the  Official  Postal  Guide,  showing  the  time  in  transit 
from  New  York  City  between  depot  and  depot.  Subject  to  alteration  consequent  upon  changes  iu 
time  tables  and  connections. 


CrriKS  II*  United  Statbs. 


Albany,  N.  Y 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Bismarck,  N.  Dak.. 

Boise,  Idaho 

Boston,    Mass 

Buffalo,  N.    Y 

Cape  May,  N.  J  — 
Carson  City,  Nev.., 
Charleston,  S.  C..., 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Che.venne,    Wyo  — 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  O 

Cleveland,  O 

Columbus,  O 

Concord,  N.  H 

Dead\vood,  .S.  Dak. 

Denver,  Col 

Des  Moines,    la 


Miles. 


Hi>urs. 

6 

6 

5 
109M 
2114 
32 
54 
23 
2.S 
19!^ 
20 

9]4 
653^ 
611^ 
37»^ 


Cities  in  United  States. 


Detroit,  Mich 

Galveston,   Tex 

iHarrisburg,    Pa 

Hartford,  Ct 

iHeleua,  Mont 

iHot  Springs,  Ark.. 
Indianapolis,  Ind.. 
Jacksonville,  Fla.. 
Kansas  City,  Mo. . . 

Louisville,   Ky 

Memphis,  Tenn 

iMilwaukee,   Wis... 
[Montgomery,    Ala. 

Montpelier,  Vt 

New  Orleans,  La... 

Omaha,    Neb 

PhUadelphia,  Pa... 

Pittsburgh,   Pa 

Portland,  Me 


Miles. 


743 
1,789 

182 

112 
2,423 
1,367 

808 
1,077 
1,302 

854 
1,163 

985 
1,057 

327 

1,344 

1,383 

90 

431 

325 


Hours. 

21 

563^ 

6 

4 
89 
55 
23 
SO 
2»}4 
30 
40 
29H 
26 
lOM 
32 
43 

a 

13 
12 


Cities  in  United  States. 


Portland,  Ore 

Prescott,  Ariz 

Providence,  R.  I 

Richmond,  Va 

St.  Louis,    Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
San  Francisco,  Cal... 
.Santa  Fe,  N.  Mex... 

Savannah,  Ga 

racoma.  Wash 

Topeka,  Kan 

Trenton,  N.  J 

Vicksburs,  Miss 

Viuita,  Ind.   Ter 

Washington,  D.  C, 
Wheeling,  W.    Va  . 

Wilmington,  Del 

Wilmington,  N.  C. 


Miles.    Hours. 


3,181l 

2,7241 

189! 

344! 

l,048i 

1,300 

2,452, 

3,250; 

2,173 

905 

3,209 

1,370: 

571 

1,288 

1,412 

2281 

496 

1171 

6931 


1141^ 

94 

ft 

IIH 
29 
37 

nM 
105 
82 

^H 
102 
48 

2 
50 
42 

6 
14^ 

5 
20 


DISTANCP:S  and  mail  time  to  FORKIGN  CITIES  FROM  THE  CITY  OF  N?:W  YORK. 


By  Postal  Uoutk 


Adelaide,  r/a  San  Francisco 

Alexandria,  vi<i  London 

Amsterdam,   "■'        "•        

Antwerp,         "        '^"'        

Athens,  "        "        

Bahia,   Brazil 

Bangkok,  Siam,  rin  San  Frauci.sco. 

Bangkok.  Siam,  ria  London 

Batavia,  .Java,  via  London 

Berlin 

Bombay,  via  London 

Bremen 

Buenos  .\yres 

Calcutta,  via  Loudon 

Cape  Town,  via  London 

Constantinople,  via  London 

Florence,  via  London 

Glast^r)w  

G reytown,  via  New  Orleans 

Halifax,  N.  S 

Ham!)urg 

Havana 


Miles. 

Pnys. 

12.845 

34 

6,150 

13 

3,985 

9 

4.000 

9 

5,655 

12 

5,?*T(i 

21 

12,990 

43 

13,1-J5 

41 

12,800 

34 

4,;«5 

9 

9,76t 

24 

4,235 

8 

8,045 

29 

11,120 

26 

11,245 

27 

5,810 

11 

4,800 

10 

3,370 

10 

2.815 

1 

645 

2 

4, 8-20 

9 

1,868 

8 

By  Postal  Uoutk  to 


Hong  Kong,  via  San  Francisco.. 
Honolulu,  via  San  Francisco  — 

Liverpool  

London 

Madrid,  via  London 

Manila,  via  f^nw  Francisco . . . 

Melbourne,  i'i"«  San  Francisco... 

Mexico  Citj'  (railroad) 

Panama  

Paris 

Rio  de  Janeiro 

Rome,  via  London 

Rotterdam,  ?vV(  liondon 

St.  Petersburg,  via  London 

San  Juan,  Porto  Rico 

Shanghai,  %)ia  San  Francisco 

Shanghai,  lua  London 

Stockiiolm,  I'ia  Jyondon 

Sydney,  via  San  P'rancisco 

Valparaiso,  via  Panama 

Vienna 

Yokohama,  via  Sau  Frauclsco. . . 


Mile*. 


10.590 

25 

6,645 

13 

3,540 

8 

3,740 

8 

4,925 

9 

10.193 

33 

12,266 

26 

3,750 

5 

2,365 

6 

4,020 

8 

6,204 

23 

5,030 

9 

3,936 

9 

5,370 

10 

1,.S60 

5 

9,920 

25 

14  745 

45 

4,975 

10 

11,670 

21 

5,915 

37 

4,740 

10 

7,»48 

ao 

Pays. 


The  Ship  Subsidy  Bill.  227,' 

AS  PASSED  BY  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRIi:SENTATIVES.  ^ 

Tfifc  following  Is  the  text  of  the  Ship  Subsidy  bill  as  passed  by  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentati^es  March  1,  1U07,  by  a  vote  of  155  to  144,  after  there  had  beeft  eliminated  the 
Senate  provisions  for  payments  to  Pacific  steamship  lines  controlled  by  Harrimaji  or  Hill 
railway  interests.  In  the  struggle  over  the  bill  fifty-two  Republicans  voted  with  the 
Democrats  in  opposition  on  the  first  roll  call.  On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Williams  to  lay  the 
motion  to  reconsider  on  the  table  fifty  Republicans  voted  with  the  Democrats,  On  the 
vote  to  adopt  a  substitute  there  were  forty-three  Republican  opponents  and  on  its  final 
passage  there  were  forty-one.  The  bill  as  amended  went  back  to  the  Senate,  where  it 
failed  to  pass  in  the  closing  hours  of  the  session  on  account  of  the  determined  filibuster- 
ing of  its  opponents.  The  original  bill  of  this  session,  which  contained  the  subsidies 
stricken  out  by  the   House   of  Representatives,   passed   the   Senate  February  14,    1906: 

An  Act  to  promote  the  national  defense,  to  create  a  naval  reserve,  to  establish 
American  ocean  mail   lines   to  foreign  markets  and   to  promote   commerce. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  in  Congress  assembled,  that  the  Act  entitled,  ""An  Act  to  provide  for  ocean  mail 
ser%ice  between  the  United  States  and  foreign  ports,  and  to  promote  commerce,"  approved 
March  3,   18U1,  be.  and  hereby  is,  amended  by  adding  thereto  the  following  section: 

Section  10.  That  the  Postmaster-General  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  enter 
Into  contracts  for  a  term  of  ten  years,  with  citizens  of  the  United  States,  for  the  carrying 
of  mails  on  steamships  hereafter  built  in  the  United  States  and  registered  in  the  United 
States,  or  now  duly  registered  by  a  citizen  or  citizens  of  the  United  States  (including  as 
such  citizens  any  corporation  created  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States  or  any  of  the 
States  thereof,  a  majority  of  the  stock  of  which  shall  be  and  shall  continue  to  be  owned 
by  citizens  of  the  United  States,  between  ports  of  the  United  States,  and  ports  on  the  routes 
and  for  the  amounts  hereinafter  prescribed. 

First. — From  a  port  or  ports  of  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  the  United  States  to  Brazil,  on 
steamships  of  the  United  States  of  not  less  than  sixteen  knots'  speed,  for  a  monthly  service 
at  a  maximum  compensation  not  exceeding  $:JOO,000  a  year,  or  for  a  fortnightly  service  at 
a  maximum  compensation  not  exceeding  $000,000  a  year. 

Second. — From  a  port  or  ports  of  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  the  United  States  to  Argentina, 
on  steamships  of  the  United  States,  of  not  less  than  sixteen  knots'  speed,  for  a  monthly 
service  at  a  monthly  compensation  not  exceeding  $400,000  a  year,  or  for  a  fortnightly 
service  at  a  maximum  compensation  not  exceeding  $800,000  a  year;  provided,  that  a  vessel 
receiving  compensation  for  mail  service  pursuant  to  contract  on  a  voyage  on  this  route 
shall  not  also  receive  compensation  for  mail  service  pursuant  to  contract  on  said  voyage 
on  the  first  route  as  described  above. 

Fourth.— From  a  port  or  ports  of  the  Pacific  Coast  of  the  United  States  to  the  Isthmus 
of  Panama,  Peru  and  Chile,  on  steamships  of  the  United  States  of  not  less  than  sixteen 
knots'  speed,  for  a  monthly  service  at  a  maximum  compensation  not  exceeding  $300,000  a 
year,  or  for  a  fortnightly  service  at  a  maximum  compensation  not  exceeding  $600,000  a  year. 

Sec.  2.  That  Congress  reserves  the  right  to  alter,  amend  or  repeal  this  Act  in  whole 
or  in  part  whenever  in  its  judgment  the  public  interests  shall  so  require,  without,  however, 
impairing  in  otherwise  the  obligation  of  special  contract  then  in  force  which  shall  have 
been  entered  into  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  enrolled,  in  such  manner  and  under  such  requirements  as  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  may  prescribe,  from  the  officers  and  men  now  and  hereafter 
employed  in  the  merchant  marine  and  fisheries  of  the  United  States,  including  the  coast- 
wise trade  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  and  the  Great  Lakes,  such  officers,  petty  officers, 
and  men  as  may  be  capable  of  rendering  service  as  members  of  a  naval  reserve,  for  duty 
in  time  of  war,  and  who  are  willing  to  undertake  such  service,  to  be  classified  in  gi-ades 
and  ratings  according  to  their  capacity  as  shown  at  time  of  enrollment.  No  man  shall  be 
thus  enrolled  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  by  either  birth  or  naturalization 
These  members  of  the  naval  reserve  shall  be  enrolled  for  a  period  of  four  yeaie,  auring 
which  period  they  shall  be  subject  to  render  service  on  call  of  the  President  in  time  of  war. 
They  shall  also  pursue  such  qualifications,  receive  such  instruction,  and  be  subject  to  such 
regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  may  prescribe.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is 
hereby  authorized  and  directed,  upon  proper  audit  by  the  Auditor  of  the  Navy  Department, 
to  pay  out  of  any  money  to  be  annually  appropriated  thereupon,  estimates  to  be  annually 
submitted  to  Congress  in  the  book  of  estimates  to  such  officer,  petty  officer,  or  man  thus 
enrolled,  and  employed  in  the  merchant  marine  or  fisheries,  including  the  coastwise  trade 
of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  and  the  Great  Lakes  as  herein  provided,  an  annual  retainer  as 
follows : 

For  each  officer  of  the  line  or  engineer  corps  having  the  rank  of  lieutenant  in  the  naval 
reserve,  $110;  for  each  officer  of  the  line  or  engineer  corps  having  the  rank  of  lieutenant 
(junior  grade)  in  the  naval  reserve,  $!)0;  for  each  officer  of  the  line  or  engineer  corps  having 
the  rank  of  ensign  in  the  naval  reserve,  $S0;  for  each  man  with  a  rating  of  chief  petty 
officer,  $70;  for  each  man  with  a  rating  of  petty  officer,  first  class,  $60; 
for  each  man  with  a  rating  of  petty  officer,  second  class,  $48;  for  each  man 
with  a  rating  of  petty  officer,  third  class,  $40;  for  each  seaman,  first  class,  $36;  for  each 
seaman,  second  class,  $30;  for  each  seaman,  third  class,  $24.  Such  retainer  shall  be  paid 
at  the  end  of  each  year  of  service  on  certificate  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  that  the 
rnember  of  the  naval  reserve  has  complied  with  the  regulations  and  has  served  for  at  least 
six  months  of  the  prevailing  twelve  months  on  vessels  of  the  United  States  in  the  merchant 
marine  or  fisheries.  The  total  number  of  officers,  petty  officers,  and  men  enrolled  in  the 
naval  reserve  shall  not  at  anv  time  exceed   10.000. 

Sec.   4r.    That   this   Act  shall   take  effect  on  Julv   1,    1907. 


228 


State  Flowers. 


interest  Hatos  axcn  .Statutes  of  ?Limitationfi. 


Statrs    an  d 
Tbbbitoriks. 


Alabama 

Arkansas.... 

Arizona 

California  ... 
Colorado  .... 
Coiniecticut . 
Delaware — 
D.  of  Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky... 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland  ... 
Massachusetts. 
Michigan  .  . . 
Minne.sota. . . 
Mississippi . . 
Missouri  .... 
Montana 


Interest  Laws. 


Staths  and 
Territories. 


Nebraska 

Nevada 

N.  Hampshire 
New  Jei-sey  ... 
New  Mexico.. 

New  York 

North  Carolina 
North  Dakota. 

Ohio...-. 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania  . 
Rhode  Island. 
South  Carolina 
South  Dakota. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington  . . 
West  Virginia. 

Wisconsin  

Wyoming 


Interest  Laws. 


I.ejral 


Per  it. 

7 

7 

6 

G 

6 

6 

6 

7 

6 

7 

6 

6 

6§ 

7 

7 

6 

6 

8 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

8 


R.ste  Allowed 
^y  Contract. 


Per  ct. 

10 

Anv  rate. 

6 

6 
12 

6tt 

6 
12 

8 
12 
10 

6 
Any  rate. 

8 
12 

6 
10 
12 

6 

6 
12 

6 

10 
12 


Statutes   of 
Limitations. 


Judg- 
ments, 
years. 


Notes, 
Years. 


5« 

6 
20 
20 

20/)i) 
10 
10 
15(?)) 
5(/i) 
10 
5i/) 
20 
20 
10(0 
10 
lOJt 
8 
8 
20 
6 
10 
20(  n) 
21 


5 
4 
6 
6 
6 
6 
3» 
6 
15 
5 
6 

en 

6 
6 
6 
6 
4 
6 
6 
5" 
6 
10 
6 
5 


Open 

Ac- 

coivnts, 

Years. 


4 

4 

6 

6 

4 

C§5 

•6 

G4J 

6 

3 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

2 

4 

65§ 

211 

3 

5 

6 

8 


•Underseal,  10  years,  t  If  made  in  Stat6;  if  outside,  2  years.  §  Unless  a  different  rate  is  expressly 
stipulated.  ||  Under  seal,  20  years.  UStore  accounts;  otlier  accounts  3  years;  accounts  between  imT- 
chantsS  years.  ttNew  York  has  by  arecent  law  legalized  any  rateof  interest  on  call  loans  of  $5,000 
or  upward,  on  collateral  security.  tJBecomes  dormant,  but  may  be  revive<l.  §§  Six  years  from  last  item, 
(a)  Accounts  between  merchants  2  years.  (^)  In  courts  not  of  records  years,  (r)  Witnessed  20 
years.  (cO  Twenty  years  in  Courts  of  Record;  injustice's  Court  10  j'ears.  (e)  Negotiable  notes  6 
years,  non-negotiable  17  years.  (/)  Cea.ses  to  be  a  lien  after  that  period,  (/i)  On  foreign  judg- 
mentslyear.  (t)  Is  alien  on  real  estate  for  only  10  years,  {k)  And  indefinitely  by  having  execu- 
tion issue  every  5  years.  (0  Ten  years  foreign,  20  years  domestic,  {n)  Not  of  record  6  years, 
(o)  No  limit,     (p)  Foreign     Domestic  6  years. 

PemUties  for  usury  ditter  in  tiie  various  State.s. 

Arizona.  California,  Colorado,  Indian  Territory,  Maine,  Massachusetts  (except  on  loans  of  less 
than  $1,000),  Montana,     Nevada,  Rhode  I.sland  and  Wyoming  have  no  provisions  on  the  subject. 

Loss  of  principdl  and  interest  is  the  penalty  in  Arkansas  and  New  York. 

Loss  of  principal  in  Delaware  and  Oregon. 

Loss  of  interest  in  Alabama.  Alaska,  District  of  Columbia,  Florida,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Louisi- 
ana, Michigan.  Minnesota.  Mississippi,  Nebraska,  New  Jersey,  North  Carolina  (double  amount  If 
paid).  North  Dakota  (double  amount  if  paid),  Oklahoma,  South  Carolina,  South  Dakota,  Texas, 
Virginia,  Washington  (double  amount  if  paid),    Wisconsin,  and  Hawaii. 

Loss  of  excess  of  interest  in  Connecticut,  fieorgia,  Indiana,  Kansas,  Kentucky,  Maryland, 
Missouri,  New  Hampshire  (three  times).  New  Mexico,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Tennessee,  Vermont, 
and  West  Virginia,  


cStatc  iFlotorrs* 


Thk  following  are  "State  Flowers 
school  scholars  of  the  respective  States: 

Alabama Golden  Rod 

Arkansas A  j:  pie  Blossom 

California California  Poppy  (Esch.scholtzia) 

Colorado Columbine 

Connecticut Mountain  Laurel 

Delaware Peach  Blossom 

Idaho Syringa 

Indiana Corn 

Iowa *Wild  Rose 

Kansas ..  .Sunflower 

Kentucky , Golden  Rod 

Louisiana Magnolia 

Maine *Piue  Cone  and  Ta.ssel 

Maryland Golden  Rod 

Michigan Apple  Blossom 

Minnesota Moccasin 


adopted  in  most  instances  by  the  vote  of  the  public 


INfississippi Magnolia 

Montana Bitter  Boot 

Nebraska Golden  Rod 

New  York Rose 

North  Dakota Wild  Rose 

Ohio Scarlet  Carnation 

Oklahoma.... Misthnoe 

Oregon Oregon  G rape 

Rhode  Island Violet 

South  Dakota * Pasque 

Tennessee Daisy 

Texas Blue  Bonnet 

Utah Sego  Lily 

Vermont Red  Clover 

Washington Rhododendron 

West  Virginia ,  .Rhododendrou 


In  other  States  the  scholars  or  State  Legislatures  have  not  j'et  taken  action. 
•Adopted  by  State  Legislature,  not  by  public  school  scholars. 


In  England  the  primrose  is  worn  on  the  birthdav  of  Lord  Beaconsfield.  On  the  anniversary  of 
Parnell'sdeath  his  r  )llowers  wear  a  sprig  of  ivy.  The  .la'-obites  wear  white  roses  on  June  lO.  lu 
France  the  Orleauists  wear  white  daisies  and  the  Bonapartists  the  violet. 


iiegents'  J^xa77ii7iatio7is  m  Neio   York  State  in  1908.         229 

i^rgeuts*  iSxanuuations  in  Ncto  ¥ortt  ^tatt  in  1908* 

Hegknts'  Examinations  iiniler  the  control  of  the  Education  Department  of  the  State  of  New  York  (office,  Albany,  N.  Y.)  will 
be  belli  in  1908  :it  the  following  times  ami  places:  Jan.  "J'-Sl  inclusive,  at  NVw  York,  ami  aliont  8' 0  academies  and  hij:h  schoo4R;  86 
Biilijpcts.  June  15-19  inclnsive,  at  New  York,  anii  abont  800  academies  and  hi^h  schools;  87snhjects.  Examinations  for  teachers' 
certificates  are  held  on  the  same  dates  as  the  Regents,  and  May  21-22,  Aii^st  12-14  and  -li-la*  Sept.  14-16,  inclusive,  at  New 
York,  Albany,  Syracuse,  Buffalo;  33  subjects.  September  examinations  are  lor  professional  and  technical  students  only*  Morning 
session  begins  9.15  o'clock.    Afternoon  session  begins  1.15  o'clock. 

Umvkb-sity  Ckkokntials — Preliminary  (preacademic)  certificate — Reading,  writing,  spelling,  elementary  English,  arithmetic, 
geograi)liy,  and  on  certificates  earned  in  June,  1907,  and  thereafter,  elementary  United  States  history  and  civics.  Medical  Srt'- 
i>K\T  C'KiiTiFiCATK — For  matriculates  prior  to  Jan.  1,  1896,  for  any  *12  academic  counts  ;  for  matriculates  prior  to  Jan,  1,  1897,  for 
any   *24  academic   counts.    But  all  matriculates  after  Jan.  1,  1897,  must  secure  *48  academic  counts  or  their  full  equivalent. 

Law  Student  Certificate — Second  year  English,  first  year  Latin, arithmetic, algebra,  geometry,  English  history.  United  States 
history,  civics,  economics,  or  auy  *36  academic  counts. 

Dkxtal  Student  Certificate — Any  *48  academic  counts  or  their  equivalents  (for  matriculates  before  Jan.  1,  1905,  any  *36 
academic  counts). 

Vkterinakv  Stcjdent  Certificate — Any  •48  academic  counts  or  their  equivalents  (for  matriculates  before  Jan.  1,  1905,  any 
•24  academic  counts). 

Pharmacy  Student  Cketificatk — Any  *12  academic  connts. 

Nurses  Preliminary  Cektificate — After  January  1,  1906,  15  counts. 

Academic  Diploma — For  72  counts.  This  diploma  is  based  on  a  four-year  ctirricnlnm,  requiring  a  student  to  pursue  four 
subjects  of  study  of  at  least  18  lesson  periods  a  week.  This  increase  from  15  to  18  lessons  a  week  necessitates  a  correypooding 
cb  inge  in  the  system  of  "counts."  and  12  counts  under  the  former  scheme  of  values  is  equal  to  15  under  the  present.  For 
diplomas  earned  in  June,  1909,  and  thereafter,  the  requirements  are  :  English  13  coi'.nts,  mathematics  10,  history  8,  science  10, 
elective  31.  For  the  classical  academic  diploma:  English  13,  m:ithematics  10.  history  5,  science  5,  Latin  20,  a  second  foreign 
language  15,  elective  4.  There  is  no  time  limit,  but  credentials  issued  by  the  Department  are  go^id  till  cancelled  for  cause.  To 
protect  the  ri^'hts  of  the  weak  or  of  the  slowly  developing  student  and  at  the  same  lime  to  test  the  knowledge  of  the  most 
capable,  the  following  system  of  differentiated  credentials  has  been  adopted  ;  1.  A  diploma  based  on  a  general  average  of 
65  ;  2.  A  diploma,  with  credit,  based  on  a  general  average  of  75  ;  3.  A  diplomi,  with  great  credit,  based  on  a  general  average  of 
8'' ;  4.  A  diploma,  with  highest  credit,  based  on  a  general  average  of  90.  Answer  pipers  are  reviewed  in  the  Departirent  and 
all  p;iper8  below  standard  returned  to  the  candidates.  Candidates  attending  schools  in  which  these  examinations  are  not  held 
should  send  notice  at  least  ten  days  in  advance  at  what  time  and  in  what  studies  they  wish  to  be  examined,  that  required 
uesk  room  may  be  provided.  Candidates  who  fail  to  send  this  advance  notice  c;in  be  admitted  only  so  far  as  there  are  unoc- 
cupied seats.      [See  Handbook  3]. 

Professional  Certificates  Without  Examination — Candidates  having  credentials  which  can  be  accepted  in  place  of  exam- 
inations should  send  them  to  the  Educatien  Department — Registration.     [See  Handbook  23], 

Medical  Examinations — The  regents  shall  adinittoany  examination  any  candidate  who  pays  a  fee  of  $25  and  submits  satisfac- 
tory evideuce,veritied  by  oath,  if  required,  that  he — 1.  Is  more  th.an  twenty-one  years  of  age;  2.  Is  of  good  moral  character;  3.  Has 
the  general  education  required  preliminary  to  receiving  the  degree  of  bachelor  or  doctor  of  medicine  in  this  State  ;  4.  Has  studied 
medicine  not  less  than  four  school  years,  including  four  satisfactory  courses  of  at  least  seven  months  each  in  four  different  calendar 
years  in  a  medical  school  registered  as  maintaining  at  the  time  a  satisfactory  standard.  This  requirement  took  effect  Jan.  1,  1898, 
and  does  not  apply  to  students  matriculated  before  that  date  who  receive  their  degree  before  Jan.  1, 1902  ;  5.  Evidence  that  applicant 
h.os  received  the  degree  of  bachelor  or  doctor  of  medicine  from  some  registered  medical  school,  or  a  diploma  or  license  conferring  full 
rights  to  practise  medicine  iU;  some  foreign  conntry  (original  credentials).  Examinations  for  license  to  practise  medicine  in  this 
State  will  beheld  as  follows:  Feb.  4-7,  May  19-22,  June  23-26,  Sept,  22-25,  at  New  York,  Alb.any,  Syracuse,  and  Buffalo. 
(Each  candidate  is  notifieff  as  to  exact  place.) 

Dentax  Examinations — The  regents  shall  admit  to  examination  any  candidate  who  pays  a  fee  of  $25  and  submits  satisfactory 
evidence,  verified  by  oath.  If  required,  that  he — 1.  Is  more  than  twenty-one  years  of  age;  2.  Is  of  good  moral  character;  3.  Has  the 
general  education  required  preliminary  to  receiving  the  degree  of  doctor  of  dental  surgery  in  this  Suite.  Matriculates  in  a  registered 
deutal  school  before  Jan.  1,  1896,  are  exempt  from  the  preliminary  education  recjuirement  for  degrees  and  for  admission  to  the 
licensing  examinations;  4.  Sui>sequently  to  receiving  sueh  prelii'ninary  eiiucation  either  has  been  graduated  in  course  with  a 
dental  degree  from  a  registered  dental  scnool,  or  else,  having  been  graduated  in  course  from  a  registered  medical  school  with  a 
degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  has  pursued  thereafter  a  course  of  special  study  of  dentistry  for  at  least  two  years  in  a  registered 
dental  school,  and  received  therefrom  its  degree  of  doctor  of  dental  surgery,  or  else  holds  a  diploma  or  license  conferring  full 
right  to  practise  dentistry  In  some  foreign  country  and  granted  by  some  registered  authority.  Dates  of  dental  examinations: 
Feb.  4-7,  May  19-22,  June  23-:'6,  and  Sept.  22-25,  at  New  York,  Albany,  Syracuse,  and  Buffalo.  (E.ach  candidate  is  notified  as  to 
exact  place.) 

Pharmacy  Examinations. — Applications  for  examination,  accompanied  by  the  proper  fee,  must  be  forwarded  to  the  secre- 
tary of  the  branch  of  the  State  Board  of  Pharmacy  in  which  the  applicant  resides  at  least  ten  days  previous  to  the  date  of 
examination.  A  candidate  for  the  grade  of  licensed  pharniacist  must  pay  a  fee  of  $10  and  submit  evidence  of :  1.  A  minimum 
age  of  21  years:  2.  At  least  four  years'  practical  experience  in  a  pharmacy;  3.  A  diploma  from  a  registered  pharmacy  school. 
For  the  grade  of  licensed  druggist  a  candidate  must  pay  a  fee  of  $5,  submit  proof  of  ihree  years'  practical  experience  in  a  phar- 
macv,  and  pass  examination.  Examinations  will  ke  held  in  1907 — New  York  :  Feb.  20,  June  19,  Nov.  20  ;  Brooklyn  :  May  15, 
Sept.  18,  Dec.  18;  Albany  and  Rochester:  Feb.  20,  April  17,  Sept.  18,  Nov.  20;  Buffalo:  Feb.  20,  April  17,  June  19,  Sept.  18,  Nov.  VO. 
Veterinakv  Examination-^ — The  regents  shall  admit  to  examination  any  candidate  who  pays  a  fee  of  $10  and  submits  satis- 
factory evidence,  verified  by  oath,   if  required,  that  he — 1.  Is  more   than   twenty-one  years  of  age;    2.  Is  of  good  moral  charac^ter; 

3.  Has  the  general  education  required  in  all  cases  after  July  1,  1897,  preliminary  to  receiving  a  degree  in  veteriu.ary  medicine.  Mat- 
riculates in  a  registered   veterinary   medical   school  priorto  Jan.  1,  1896,  are  exempt  from  the  preliminary  education  requirement; 

4.  H.is  studied  veterinary  medicine  not  less  than  three  full  years,  including  three  satisfactory  courses,  in  three  different  academic 
years,  in  a  veterinary  medical  school  registered  as  maintaining  at  the  time  a  satisfactory  standard;  5.  Has  received  a  degree  as 
veterinarian  from  some  registered  veterinary  medical  school.  Dates  of  examinations  :  Feb.  4-7,  May  19-22,  June  23-26,  Sept.  22-25, 
at  New  York,  Albany.  Syracuse,  and  Buffalo. 

Cektified  Public  Accountants — 1.  The  full  C.  P.  A.  certificate  is  to  be  granted  only  to  those  at  least  twenty-five  yearsof  age 
who  have  had  three  years'  satisfactory  experience  in  the  study  or  practice  of  accounting,  one  of  which  shall  have  been  in  the  office  of 
an  expert  public  accountant;  2.  Caiididates having  the  required  preliminary  education  and  passing  the  required  examinations,  but 
lacking  the  age  or  the  three  vears'  experience  required  for  the  full  C.  P.  A.  certificate,  may  be  certified  as  junior  account.ants 
under  the  same  conditions  as  "to  residence  and  character;  3.  Two  examinations,  in  Januaryand  in  June,  are  held  annnally.  There 
are  to  be  four  sessions  as  follows:  1,  Theory  of  accounts;  2,  Practttal  accounting;  3,  Auditing;  4,  Commercial  law;  candidates 
must  complete  all  subjects  at  a  single  examination  as  required  in  medicine;  candidates  for  either  the  C.  P.  A.  or  the  junior 
accountant  certificate  must  be  more  than  twentv-one  vears  of  age,  and  of  good  moral  character.  They  must  pay  a  fee  of  $'.5, 
and  must  have  the  regents'  academic  diploma  "or  its"equivalent  as  prescribed  for  other  professional  examinations.  Dates  of  eiamin- 
■  atioTis  :  Feb.  4-5  and  June  23-24,  at  New  York,  Albany,  Syracuse,  and  Buffalo.  ^  ,~  v  • 

Registration  of  Nursrs — Who  May  Practise  as  Registered  Nurses— Any  resident  of  the  State  of  New  York,  being  over 
the  age  of  twenty-one  years  and  of  good  moral  character,  holdiug  a  diploina  from  a  training  school  for  nurses  connected 
with  a  hospital  or  sanitarium  giving  a  course  of  at  least  two  years,  and  registered  by  the  regents  of  the  University  of  the 
State  of  New  York  as  maint;uning  in  this  and  otlier  respects  proper  sUndards,  all  of  whi.  h  shall  be  determined  by  the  said 
regents,  and  who  shall  have  received  from  the  said  regents  a  certificate  of  his  or  her  qualifications  to  practise  as  a  registered 
nurse,  shall  be  stvbd  and  known  as  a  re^iistered  nurse,  and  no  other  person  shall  assume  such  title,  or  use  the  abbreviation  R. 
N.  or  any  other  words,  letters,  or  figures  to  indicate  that  the  person  using  the  name  is  such  a  registered  nur<e.  Two  examin- 
ations will  be  held  auuuallv  In  January  and  June  respectively.  Apidications  should  be  made  at  least  ten  days  in  advance  to 
Education  Department,  Examination  Division,  Albany,  N.'Y.  Dates:  1908,  Feb.  4-7,  June  23-26,  at  New  York,  Albany, 
Syracuse,  and  Buffalo.    (Each  candidate  is  notified  as  to  exact  place.) 

♦Based  on  1900  syllabus  ;  on  the  syllabus  of  1905,  5,  10,  15,  30,  45,  and  60  respectively. 


230 


United  States  T^ension  Statistics. 


2initctr  estates  J^cusiou  .statistics, 

NUMBER  OF  A11M\^  AND  NAVV  PENSIONERS  ON  THE  ROLL,  JUNE  30.  1907. 


I'.Er.i 

•LAR 

Civil 

War. 

Civil 

War. 

Service. 

Wab  with  Spain. 

Number  of 

Number  of 

Location    of 
Agency. 

ESTABLI 

SHME.NT. 

(Ge.veral  Law.) 

(.\CT  JUNB  •->?,  1890.) 

(Act 
of 

peusiouers 
on  the  roll 

peusiouers 
ou  the  I  oil 

Invalids. 

Widows, 

etc. 

134 

,        ,. ,      1  Widows, 
Invalids,  j         ..      ' 

Invalids. 

Widows, 
etr. 

beo.  0. 

i9o;.) 

Invalitls. 
"17691 

Widows, 
etc. 

June  30, 
1907. 

June  30, 
1906. 

fopeku. .. 

859 

19. 113    6. 793 

47,774 

20, 424 

12,611 

302 

111.508 

113.597 

Columbus. 

5o8 

119 

23, 729  10, 350 

31,148 

16, 507 

10,777 

1.879 

329 

95,829 

98,068 

Chicaero. .. 

75-2 

203 

14.007    6.815 

26,723 

13.196 

10.919 

1.264 

290 

75,099 

76,504 

KnoxviUe 

780 

257 

6,167    3.2G6 

29.084 

12,404 

3.181 

1.911 

647 

63.890 

65, 246 

Itid'uap'lih 

49-J 

68 

22,090    8,054 

15,158 

8,689 

4,047 

1,599 

162 

60.906 

62,468 

Bcston 

586 

320 

6.488    5,599 

20,189 

15.144 

9,738 

709 

421 

59, 2.i6 

59,973 

Philad'ia.. 

60y 

327 

6.018    6.330 

17,290 

15.786 

12,634 

745 

300 

58,295 

59,238 

New  York 

970 

521 

5,35(0    4.017 

18.061 

15, 395 

7,895 

846 

462 

53.888 

55.682 

W'hingtoii 

2,6'i-; 

t65 

6.550    3,477 

20,080 

10,515 

6.488 

1,474 

622 

53.640 

54,177 

DesMoiues 

317 

45 

12,049 

4,185 

20,853 

7,840 

6.257 

8<)7 

149 

53,000 

53.951 

Milwaukee 

33'- 

76 

9.977 

4,332 

17.975 

7,928 

6,901 

970 

223 

48,843 

49.603 

Buffalo  . . . 

269 

96 

9,509 

5.418 

14.325 

8, 280 

6.212 

612 

201 

45.069 

45,818 

Pittsburgh 

161 

53 

6,881 

3.325 

15,705 

10,177 

7,288 

604 

146 

44,496 

45,944 

San  Fran. 

1.027 

216 

5,990 

1.634 

22,306 

6.012 

1,696 

1.469 

239 

42,  713 

42  514 

Detroit  ... 

287 

71 

11,113 

4,317 

12,626 

6.190 

4.630 

1,084 

221 

40. 685 

41,388 

Louisville 

321 

95 

4,785 

2.  623 

10, 053 

5,533 

1.774 

836 

230 

26,854 

27,544 

Augusta  . . 

80 

35 

5,136 

2,255 

5.277 

2,390 

1,813 

210 

42 

17.303 

17,723 

Concord  . . 

m. 

14 
3,615 

4,764 

2,307 

4,656 
345.530 

2,553 

1,378 

261 

60 

16,117 

16, 533 

Total.... 

11,07( 

178,816 

82,937 

184,863 

116,239  19,031 

4,406 

967.371 

985,971 

Peusione'S  of  the  war  of  the  Revolution— daughters, '3.  Pensioners  of  the  war  of  1812— widows, 
5.'^'8.  Pensioners  of  the  war  with  Mexico— Survivors,  3,485;  widows,  7,214.  ludiaa  wars— Survivors, 
2,007;  widows,  3.201. 

NUMBER  OF  PENSION  CLAIMS,  PENSIONERS,  AND  DISBURSEMENTS,  1863-1907. 


Fiscal  Year  Endino 

J  u  .V  K  30. 


1863 

1864 

1865 

1866 

1867 

1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 

1883  

1884 

1880 

1886 ■.. 

1887 

1888 

1889.. 

1890 

18U1 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

Total ...... 

•Exclusive  of  1907 


Total  Number 

of  Applicatious 

Filed. 


49.332 
53.599 
72.684 
65.256 
36  753 
20. 768 
26.066 
24.851 
43.969 
26.391 
18.303 
16. 734 
18.704 
23.523 
22.715 
44.587 
57,118 
141.466 
31.116 
40.939 
48,776 
41,785 
40.918 
49. 895 
72  465 
75.726 
81.220 
105.044 
696.941 
246.  (538 
119.361 
57.141 
4.^>,  361 
42,244 
50. 585 
48. 732 
53.881 
51.964 
58. 373 
47. 965 
52,  325 
55, 794 
52  841 
37.193 


Total  Number 
of  Cl.iinis 
Allowed. 


7,884 
39.487 
40.171 
50,177 
36.482 
28.921 
23.196 
18,221 
16.562 
34.333 
16.052 
10,462 
11,152 
9,977 
11,326 
11,962 
31,346 
19.545 
27,394 
27,664 
38,162 
34,192 
35.767 
40.8.57 
55.194 
60.252 
51.921 
66.637 
156.486 
224.047 
121,630 
39.085 
39, 185 
40,374 
50,  KH 
52.648 
37,077 
40, 645 
44,868 
40,173 
40, 130 
44,2:;6 
50. 027 
34.974 


Number  of  Pensioners  on  the  Roll. 


Invalids. 


7,821 

23,479 
35,880 
55.652 
69,565 
75,95 
82.859 
87.521 
93.394 
113.954 
119.500 
121.628 
122.989 
124.239 
128.723 
131.649 
138.615 
145.410 
164.110 
182.633 
206,042 
225.470 
247.146 
270.346 
30<3.298 
343.701 
373.699 
415.654 
536.821 
703.242 
759.706 
754.382 
750.951 
747.967 
746,829 
760.8.-)3 
753.4.51 
751.864 
747.999 
738. 809 
728,732 
720.315 
717,158 
712.419 
680  934 


*3, 073, 529  »l,911.070j 


Widows,  etc 


6.970 

27.656 

50.106 

71,070 

83,618 

93.686 

105.104 

111.165 

114.101 

118.275 

118.911 

114.613 

111.832 

107.898 

103.381 

92.349 

104.140 

105.392 

104.720 

103.064 

97.616 

97.286 

97.979 

95.437 

99.709 

108,856 

116.026 

122.290 

139.339 

172.826 

206.306 

215.162 

219, 567 

222,557 

229.185 

232.861 

238.068 

241.674 

249.736 

260,637 

267.813 

274,447 

281,  283 

273.552 

286.437 


Total. 


Disbursements. 


14.791 
51.135 

85.986 
126.722 
153.183 
169.643 
187.963 
198,686 
207.495 
232,299 
238.411 
236. 241 
234.821 
232.137 
232.104 
223,998 
242.755 
250.80'. 
268.830 
285.697 
303.658 
323.756 
345. 125 
365.783 
406.007 
452.557 
489. 725 
537.944 
676.160 
876.068 
966.012 
969  544 
970. 524 
970.678 
976.014 
993.714 
991,519 
993,  529 
997,  735 
999,446 
996,545 
994  762 
998.441 
985.971 
967,371 


§1,025 
4.504 
8.525 

13.459. 

18.619. 

24.010. 

28.422. 

27.780. 

33,077. 

30.169. 

29.185. 

30.593, 

29.683. 

28.351. 

28.580. 

26.844. 

33.780. 

57.240. 

50.626. 

54,296, 

60.431. 

57.273. 

65.693. 

64.584. 

74.815. 

79.646, 

89.131. 
106.493. 
118.548. 
141.086. 
158.155. 
140.772, 
140, 959, 
139,280, 
140,845, 
145,748. 
139,482, 
139.381. 
l:',9.582. 
138.491. 
138,890, 
142,092. 
142,099, 
138,864. 
1.38. 0;50, 


139. 91 
.616.92 
153.11 
969.  43 
956. 46 
981. 99 
884.  08 
811.81 
383. 63 
341.00 
289.  62 
749. 56 
116. 63 
599. 69 
157. 04 

415. 18 

526. 19 
540. 14 
538. 51 
280. 54 
972. 85 
536. 74 
706.72 
270. 45 
486.  85 
146.  37 
968.44 
890.19 
959.  71 
948.  84 
342. 51 
163. 78 
361.00 
075.  (,'0 
772.  OO 
865.56 
696.  Of) 
522.  73 
231.98 
822.  48 
088.64 
818.  75 
286. 05- 
409.  4.5 
894.22. 


$3,551,025,651.57 


United  States  Pension  Statistics. 


231 


LNITED  STATES  PENSION  STATISTICS— aj7?/m?<fcf. 


PENSION  AGENCIES  AND    GEOGRAPHICAL    LIMITS,  JUNK  30,  1907. 


I       Agencies 

Augusta.  ..^ 

Boston 

Buffalo 

Chicago 

Columbus 

Concord 

Des  Moines.. 

Detroit. 

Indianat)olis . 

Knoxville 

Louisville 

MihvauV^ee. .. 
New  York. .. 
Philadelpliia. 
Pittsburgh.  .. 
San  Francisco 

Topeka  

Washington.. 

Total,  incl 


Geographical  Limits. 


Maine 

Couuecticut,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island. 

Western  New  York 

Illinois 

Ohio. 


New  Hampshire,  Vermont 

Iowa,    Nebraska 

Michigan 

Indiana 

Southern  States* 

Kentucky   

:Minnesota,   Dakotas,  Wisconsin 

Ea.st  New  York,  East  New  Jersey 

East  Pennsylvania,  West  New  Jersey 

West  Pennsylvania .' 

Pacific  Coa.st 

Colorado,  Kansas.  INIissouri.  New:\Iexico 

Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  W.Va. ,  D.  C. ,  Foreign 
uding  agency  expenses 


Pay    PiHces   N;ival 
Pensioiicr.s. 

Boston 

Boston 

New  York  City 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Boston 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Cliicago 

Washington  v. . 

Cliicago 

Chicago 

New  York  City 
Philadelphia  . . 
Philadelphia  . . 
San  Francisco. 

Chicago 

Washington  . . . 


Disbursements. 


7.6:30. 
6.176. 

10.691. 

14.6:i4, 
2.562, 
7,706, 
6, 352. 

10.092, 
8.54.5. 
3.842. 
7.018, 
6,991. 
7.654, 
6.287, 
5,607, 

15,807, 
7.743, 


55b.  43 
854.68 
347. 15 
686. 14 
797. 72 
525. 25 
530. 20 
187. 83 
201.  20 
1.51.  74 
300.  70 
817.  72 
041.70 
515.46 
191.48 
014.91 
63S.  24 
527. 62 


.$138,030,894.22 


*  Excepting  the  States  in  the  Louisville  and  Washington  districts. 

The  expen.ses  of  the  Pension  Bureau  and  of  pension  asrencies  in  disbursiner  the  pension  fund  during 
the  fiscal  year  were  $.3,309,110.  44.  From  1866  to  1907  inclusive,  this  expense  has  lieen  $110,051,- 
513.  73.  The  names  of  the  peu.sion  agents  will  be  found  in  the  lijt  of  ofhcials  of.tlie  Federal  Govern- 
uieut. 

TOTAL    DISBURSEMENTS     FOR     PENSIONS     FOR     ALL    WARS    AND    FOR    KEGULAR 

ESrABLISHMP:NT. 
War  of  the  Revolution  (estimate)  $70,000,000;  war  of  1812  (on  account  of  service  without  regard 
to  disability)  845,625,899.24;  Indian  wars  (on  account  of  sei-vice  without  regard  to  di,'^al)ilitv) 
$8,822.387. 20;  war  with  Mexico  (on  accountof  service  without  regard  to  disability)  $39,397,733.57; 
civil  war.  $3,389,135,449.54;  war  with  Spain  and  insurrection  in  the  Philippine  Island.s, 
$18,909,512.43;  regular  establishment,  .$9,864,344.67;  unclassified,  $16,260,397.04.  Total 
disbursements  for  pensions,  $3,598,015,723.69. 


PENSIONERS  IN  EACH  STATE  AND  TERRITORY. 


Alabama...! 
Alaska  T... 
Arizona  T. 
Arkansa*!. . 
California. 
Colorado ... 

Conn 

Delaware. . 

D.  of  Col 

Florida 

Georg 


na., 


3,824  I 

6f^ 

8011 

10,760 

26.448 

8,838i 
12.528 

2,664! 

8,697! 

3,786! 

3,549 


Idaho 

Illinois... 
Ijidiana.. 
Indian  T. 

Iowa 

Kansas... 
Kentuc'y 
Louis' a.'. 

Maine 

^Nlaryla'd 
Mass 


2.205 
68.707 
59.669 

4.206 
34,091 
38.108 
26.695 

6,519 
18,2.55 
12,698 
40, 325 


Michigan 

Minn 

Miss 

jNIissouri.. 
Montana 
Nebras'a 
Nevada  .. 
N.  Hamp 
N.  Jersey 
N.  Mex... 
N.  York.. 


40,831! 
15.1071 

4,813! 
49,335, 

2.059' 

15.766 

463 

7.978! 
24,144! 

2,166 
82,818 


N.  Car'  a.. 
N.  Dak... 

Ohio„ 

Okla 

Oregon  ... 
Peuu'a... 
R.  Lsland 
S.Car'a... 

S.  Dak 

Tenn 

Texas 


4.133. 
2,011 

95,683 
9,345 
7,798 

96.592 
5,392: 
2,044i 
4.373 

18.8981 
8,850' 


Utah 

1,048 

Vernuint... 

8,105 

Virerinia.. . . 

8,894 

Washing' n 

10,393 

West  Va.. . . 

32,156 

Wisconsin. 

26,603 

Wyoming  . 

918 

Insul.   Pos. 

124 

Foreign  .. . . 

5,090 

Total 

967,371 

DAUGHTERS    OF    REVOLUTIONARY   SOLDIERS    ON    PENSION    BOLLS   JUNE   30,  1907. 


NaBiTE. 


Hurlbutt,  Sarah  C 

Thompson,  Rhoda  Augusta 

Woole.v,  Phoebe  M.,   now   Pal- 
meter  


Age. 


89 
86 

86 


Name  of  Soldier. 

Weeks,  Elijah 

Thompson,  Thaddeus. 

Wooley,  .Jonathan 


.Service  of  Soldier. 


Massachusetts 
New  York 

N.  Hampshire. 


Residence. 


Little  Mai-sh.  Pa. 
Woodbury,  Ct. 

Brooifield,  N.  Y. 


Daniel  F.  Bakeman,  the  last  survivor  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  died  in  Freedom,  ("attaraugus 
Countv.  N.  Y. ,  April  5,  1869,  aged  109  vears.  Esthers.  Damon,  the  last  surviving  widow  of  a  liov- 
olutionary  soldier,  who  died  at  Plymoiith  Union.  Vt..  November  11, 1906.  aged  92  years,  was  the 
wife  of  Noah  Damon,  who  served  at  various  periods  as  a  private  in  Massachusetts  troops  from 
April  19.  1775,  to  May  11,  1780.  .       - 

The  last  survivor  of  the  w^ar  of  1812  who  was  on  the  pension  rolls  was  Hiram  Cronk  of  A  va,  N.  Y., 
who  died  May  13,  1905,  aged  105  years.     He  served  in  the  defense  of  Sacket  Harbor  in  1814. 

The  number  of  enrolled  pension  attornej's  in  1907  was  24,433. 


The  following  are  the  ratings  per  month  for  disabilities  incurred  in  the  service: 
Armv.— Lieutenant-colonel  and  all  officers  of  higher  rank,  $30;  major,  surgeon,  and  payma-ster, 
$25;  captain  and  chaplain,  .$20;  first  lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon,  $17;  second  lieutenant  and 
enrolling  officer.  S15;  enlisted  men,  $8. 

Navy.— Captain  and  all  officers  of  higher  rank,  commander,  surgeon,  paymaster,  and  chief  en- 
gineer, $30;  lieutenant,  passed  assistant  surgeon,  surgeon,  paymaster,  and  chief  engineer,  S25; 
master,  professor  of  mathematics,  and  assistant  surgeon,  $20;  first  assistant  engineer,  ensign, 
and  pilot,  $15;  cadet  midshipman,  passed  midshipman,  midshipman,  warrant  officers,  $10;  enlisted 
men,  $8. 


232 


The  Monroe  Doctrine. 


Hccfprocits  treaties  autr  ^srcnnnits, 

(List  of  reciprocity  treaties  between  the  United  States  and  foreign  countries  since  1850  ) 


Countries  with  Which  Keciprocity  Treaties  and 
Agreements  Have  Bbkn  Made. 


Signed. 


Britiah  North  American  Possessions  (treaty) 

Hawaiian  Islands  ( treaty) 

Brazil  (agreement) 

Santo  Domingo  (agreement) 

Great  Britain  : 

B.irbados  (agreement) 

Jamaica  (:igrtement) 

l,eew:trd   Islands  (agreement) 

Triiiidad  ( including  Tob.igo)  (agreement) 

Win.iward  Islauls  i  i-xccpting  (jirenada)  (agreement). 

British  (iiiiana  (agreement)   

Salvador  (agreement)..  .^ 

Nicaragua  (agr  ■em>-ut) 

Honduras  (.-igreement) 

(Ju.itemala  (agreement) 

Spain,  for  Cuba  and  I'orto  llico  (.-igreement) 

Austria  Hungary  (agreement) ; 

Fr:incf  (agreement) 

Germany  ^agr.•ement)    

Fortugal  and  Azores  and  Madeira  Islands  (agreement).. 

Italy  (agreement) 

Switzerland  (treaty  of  1850) 

Switzerland 

Cuba  (agreement) 

Spain  (agreement)  

Bulgaria  (agreement) 

Germauy  (,ageeeme:it) 


June  5.  1854 

January  30,  1875.. 
January  31,  1891.. 
June  4,  1891 


February  1,  1892 

February  1, 189'J 

February  1,  185t-.' 

Febru-.ry  1,  189-'.... 

February  1,  1892 

February  1,  18'.'2.. . . 
December  ;:0,  1891.. 

March  11,  189J 

April  29,  1892 

December  30,  1891.. 

June  16,  1891 

May  25,  1892 

May  28,  l-<98.. 

January  30,  1892 

May  ■J2,  1900.. 

l-'ebniary  8,  1900... 


Took  EflEect. 


Terminated. 


March  16,  18.i.i.... 
September  9,  1876. 

April  1,  1891 

September  1,  18al. 


March  17,  1868. 
April  30,  1900. 


February  1 ,  1892 

February  1, 1892 

February  1,  189J 

February  1,  189-' 

Feliruary  1,  1892 

April   1,  1892 

February  1,  18'.I2  (provisional) 

March  12,  18'.>2 

May  25,  1892  (provisional) 

May  30,  1892 

September  1. 1891  (provisional) 

May  26,  1892  

June  1,  18'.t8 

February  1 .  1892 

June  12,  1900 . 

July  18.  I'.iOO 

June  1,  1898 

January  1,  1906 

Decembr  27,  1903 

September  1,  1906 

September  1.1,  1906 

July  1,  1907 


August  37, 1894. 


Still  in  force. 
August  24,  1894. 
Still  in  force. 
Still  in  force. 
March-23,  1900. 
Stil  In  force. 
Still  i'l  force. 
Still  in  force. 
Still  in  force. 
Still  in  force. 


December  i:,  1003.. 

Ai'gust  27,  1908 

Si-ptember  15,  1906.. 
Apr,  122,  i907 

Reciprocity  treaties  or  a£?reements  were  also  negotiated  and  signed  under  authority  of  section  4  of 
the  act  of  1897,  with  the  following  governments:  United  Kingdom,  for  Jamaica,  Turks  and  (.  aicos 
Islands.  Barbados,  Bermuda,  and  British  (Guiana;  Dominican  Republic;  Nicaragua;  Ecuaior;  Ar- 
gentina; France— but  tlie  United  States  Senate  has  not  acted  upon  tliem.  ,      i-  t  o« 

The  treaty  with  Cuba,  wMiich  went  into  operation  December  27, 1903.  gives  a  reduction  of  2M  per 
cent,  duty  on  all  dutiable  articles  from  Cuba  entering  the  United  States,  and  a  reduction  ranging  trom 
20  to  40  per  cent,  on  articles  from  the  United  states  entering  Cuba . 

^riJitration  Erratics. 

Treaties  of  arbitration  were  negotiated  in  1904  and  1905  by  the  President  with  Great  Britain, 
France,  Germany,  Austria- Hungary,  Norway  and  Sweden.  Switzerland,  Portugal,  and  Mexico. 
They  were  in  exactly  the  same  language  and  provided  that  differences  of  a  legal  nature  or  relating  to 
the  interpretation  of  treaties  which  cannot  be  settled  by  diplomacy  shall  be  referred  to  the  permanent 
court  of  arbitration  established  at  The  Hague '•'•provided,  nevertheless,  that  they  do  notaffecttho 
vital  interests,  the  independence  orthe  honorof  the  two  contracting  states  and  do  not  concern  the 
Interests  of  third  parties. ' '  The  United  States  Senate  ratified  these  treaties  February  11,  1905,  but— 
notwithstanding  tlie  remonstrance  of  the  President— with  an  amendment  requiring  that  each  specific 
proposal  to  arbitrate  shall  be  put  in  the  form  of  a  treaty  to  be  referred  to  the  Senate  for  approval. 
The  President,  holding  that  the  amendment  vitiated  the  force  of  the  treaties,  decided  not  to  submit 
them  to  tlie  countries  with  wliich  llie  original  conventions  were  signed. 

The  Senate  on  January  28,  1905,  ratified  a  treaty  with  Guatemala,  San  Salvador,  Peru  and  Hon- 
duras providing  for  the  submission  to  arbitration  at  the  Permanent  Court  of  tlie  Hague  of";  all  claims 
for  pecuniary  loss  or  damage  which  may  be  presented  by  their  respective  citizens  and  whicli  cannot 
be  amicably  adjusted  through  diplomatic  channels,  and  when  said  claims  are  of  sutticient  import- 
ance to  warrant  the  expenses  of  arbitration, ' '  the  treaty  to  remain  in  force  five  years  from  the  date 
of  its  ratification  by  the  last  signatory  government  (the  United  States). 

^^c  JHonrot  Boctrine. 

"The  Monroe  doctrine"  was  enunciated  in  the  following  words  in  President  Monroe's  message 
to  Congress  December  2.  1823  :  ^        ,.,_.., 

' '  In  the  discussions  to  which  this  interest  has  given  rise,  and  in  the  arrangements  by  which  they 
mav  terminate,  the  occa.sion  has  been  deemed  proper  for  uHserting,  as  a  principle  in  which  rights  and 
interests  of  the  United  States  are  involyed,that  the  American  continents,  by  the  free  and  independent 
condition  which  they  have  assumed  and  maintain,  are  henceforth  not  to  be  considered  as  subjects  lor 
future  colonization  by  any  F.uropean  power.  ,  .  .  We  owe  it,  therefore,  to  candor  and  to  the 
amicable  relations  existing  between  the  United  States  and  those  powers  to  declare  that  we  should 
consider  any  attempt  on  their  part  to  extend  their  system  to  any  portion  of  this  hemisphere  as  dan- 
gerous to  our  peace  and  safety.  With  the  existing  colonies  or  dependencies  of  any  European  power 
we  have  not  interfered  and  shall  not  interfere.  But  with  the  governments  who  have  declared  their 
independence  and  maintain  it,  and  whos»  independence  we  haye.on  great  consideration  and  on  just 
principles,  acknowledged,  we  could  not  view  any  interposition  for  the  purpose  of  oppressing  them  or 
controlling  in  any  other  manner  their  destiny  by  any  European  power  in  any  other  light  than  as  the 
manifestation  of  an  unfriendly  disposition  toward  the  United  States. ' ' 

Secretary  of  State  Olney  in'his  despatch  ot  July  20. 1895,  on  the  Venezuelan  Boundary  Dispute,  said: 
"  It  (the  Monroe  doctrine)  does  not  establish  any  general  protectorate  by  the  United  States  oyer 
other  American  States.     It  does  not  relieve  any  American  Statefrom  its  obligations  as  fixed  by  inter- 
national law,  nor  prevent  any  European  power  directly  interested  from  enforcing  such  obligations  or 
from  inflicting  merited  punishment  for  the  breacii  of  them. ' ' 

President  Roosevelt  in  a  speech  in  1902  upon  the  results  of  llie  Spanish- American  \yar,  .-^aid: 
"  The  Jlonroe  doctrine  issimplv  a  statement  of  our  very  firm  belief  that  the  nations  now  existing 
on  this  continent  must  be  left  to  work  out  their  own  destinies  slmong  themselves,  and  that  this  conti- 
nent is  no  longer  to  be  regarded  as  the  colonizing  ground  of  any  tiuropean  power.  The  due  power  on 
the  continent  that  can  make  thc3  power  elective  is.  of  coursfe^  dUrsel'Ves;  for  in  thet  worla.  as  it  tf^j  a 
nation  which  advances  a  giveu  dtSctriue,  likely  to  interfere  Iri  anV  Way  witb  otUeir  pftWon«j  SiUBt  po»* 
mpm%  th9  pow««?  to  \)v<,f^  It  up,  il  U  ^J9>J«a  th«  rt.octrin*  to  bo  teepect^in/ ' 


Coinmercial  Agree'tnent    With   Ger'inany,  233 


(Commercial  ^flttcmtnt  2I2ait!)  (KTcrman^, 

A  Commercial  Agreement  between  the  United  States  and  Germany  was  signed  at 
Washington  April  22,  1907,  and  at  Levico  May  2,  1907.     The  following  are  its  terms: 

The  President  of  the  United  States  of  America,  on  the  one  hand,  and  His  Majesty  the 
German  Emperor,  King  of  Prussia,  in  the  name  of  the  German  Empire,  on  the  other,  ani- 
mated by  a  desire  to  adjust  the  commercial  relations  between  the  two  countries  until  a 
comprehensive  commercial  treaty  can  be  agreed  upon,  have  decided  to  conclude  a  tempo- 
rary commercial  agreement,  and  have  appointed  as  their  plenipotentiaries  for  that  pur- 
pose, to  wit: 

The  President  of  the  United  States  of  America,  the  Honorable  Elihu  Root,  Secretary 
of  State  of   the   United   States;    and 

His  Majesty  the  German  Emperor,  King  of  Prussia,  His  Excellency  Baron  Speck  von 
Sternburg,  His  Ambassador  Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States  of 
Amei'ica. 

Who,  after  an  exchange  of  their  respective  full  powers,  found  to  be  in  due  and  proper 
form,  have  agreed  upon  the  following  articles: 

ARTICLE    I. 

In  conformity  with  the  authority  conferred  on  the  President  of  the  United  States  in 
Section  3  of  the  Tariff  act  of  the  United  States  approved  July  24.  1S97,  it  is  agreed  on  the 
part  of  the  United  States  that  the  following  products  of  the  soil  and  industry  of  Germany 
imported  into  the  United  States  shall,  from  and  after  the  date  when  this  agreement  shall 
be  put  in  force,  be  subject  to  the  reduced  tariff  rates  provided  by  said  Section  3,  as  follows: 

Argols,    or   crude   tartar,    or  wine   lees,    crude,    5   per   centum   ad   valorem. 

Brandies,  or  other  spirits  manufactured  or  distilled  from  grain  or  other  materials,  $1,75 
per  proof  gallon. 

Champagne  and  all  other  sparkling  wines,  in  bottles  containing  not  more  than  one 
quart  and  more  than  one  pint,  $0  per  dozen;  containing  not  more  than  one  pint  each  and 
more  than  one-half  pint,  $3  per  dozen;  containing  one-half  pint  eacli  or  less,  $1.50  per 
dozen;  in  bottles  or  other  vessels  containing  more  than  one  quart  each,  in  addition  to  $6 
per  dozen  bottles  on  the  quantities  in  excess  of  one  quart,   at  the  rate  of  $1.90  per  gallon 

Still  wines,  and  vermuth,  in  casks,  35  cents  per  gallon;  in  bottles  or  jugs,  per  case  of 
one  dozen  bottles  or  jugs  containing  each  not  more  than  one  quart  and  more  than  one  pint, 
or  twenty-four  bottles  or  jugs  containing  each  not  more  than  one  pint,  $1.25  per  case, 
and  any  excess  beyond  these  quantities  found  in  such  bottles  or  jugs  shall  be  subject  to  a 
duty  of  4  cents  per  pint  or  fractional  part  thereof,  but  no  separate  or  additional  duty  shall 
be  assessed  upon  the  bottles  or  jugs. 

Paintings  in  oil  or  water  colors,  pastels,  pen  and  ink  drawings,  and  statuary,  15  per 
centum  ad  valorem. 

ARTICLE    II. 

It  is  further  agreed  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  that  the  modifications  of  the 
Customs  and  Consular  Regulations  set  forth  in  the  annexed  diplomatic  note,  and  made  a 
part  of  the  consideration  of  this  agreement,  shall  go  into  effect  as  soon  as  possible  and 
not  later  than  from  the  date  when  this  agreement  shall  be  put  in  force. 

ARTICLE    III. 

Reciprocally,  the  Imperial  German  Government  concedes  to  the  products  of  the  soil 
and  industry  of  the  United  States  enumerated  in  the  attached  list  upon  their  importation 
into  Germany  the  rates  of  duty  indicated  therein. 

ARTICLE    IV. 

The  Provisions  of  Articles  I.  and  III.  shall  apply  not  only  to  products  imported 
directly  from  the  country  of  one  of  the  contracting  parties  into  that  of  the  other,  but  also 
to  products  which  are  imported  into  the  respective  countries  through  a  third  country,  so 
long  as  such  products  have  not  been  subject  to  any  further  processes  of  manufacture  in 
that  country. 

ARTICLE    V. 

The  present  agreement  shall  apply  also  to  countries  or  territories  which  are  now  or 
may  in  the  future  constitute  a  part  of  the  customs  territory  of  either  contracting  party. 

ARTICLE   VI. 

The  present  agreement  shall  be  ratified  by  His  Majesty  the  German  Emperor,  King  of 
Prussia,  as  soon  as  possible,  and  upon  official  notice  thereof  the  President  of  the  United 
States  shall  issue  his  proclamation  giving  full  effect  to  the  respective  provisions  of  this 
agreement. 

This  agreement  shall  take  effect  on  July  1,-^1007,  and  remain  in  force  until  June  30, 
1908.  In  case  neither  of  the  contracting  parties  shall  have  given  notice  six  nionths  before 
the  expiration  of  the  above  term  of  its  intention  to  terminate  the  said  agreement,  it  shall 
remain  in  force  until  six  months  from  the  date  when  either  of  the  contracting  parties  shall 
notify  the  other  of  its   intention  to   terminate  the   same. 

Done  in  duplicate  in  English  and  German  texts. 

In  testimony  whereof  the  plenipotentiaries  above  mentioned  have  subscribed  their 
names  hereto  at  the  places  and  on  the  dates  expressed  under  their  several  signatures. 

The  agreement  is  signed  by  Elihu  Root  on  behalf  of  the  United  States,  and  Speck  von 
Sternburg   on   the   part   of   Germany. 

About  one  hundred  and  fifty  products — agricultural,  mechanical  and  artistic — are  enum- 
erated in  the  list  alluded  to   in  Article  III.   of  the  above  agreement. 

It  is  provided  that  special  agents,  confidential  agents,  and  others  sent  by  the  Treasury 
Department  to  investigate  questions  bearing  upon  customs  administration  shall  be  accredited 
to  the  German  Government  through  the  Department  of  State  at  Washington  and  the  Foreign 
Office  at  Berlin,  and  such  agents  shall  co-operate  with  the  several  chambers  of  commerce 
located  in  the  territory  apportioned  to  such  agents. 


234  Forests  and  Forestry. 


ffnxtntn  antr  jFoutstt^. 


The  total  woode'l  area  in  the  United  States  is  estimated  at  1,094.514  square  miles,  or  about 
699,500,000  acres,  which  is  36J^  per  cent,  of  the  total  land  area,  exclusive  of  Alaska. 

The  lumber  industry  is  fourth  among  the  great  industries  of  the  United  states.  The  amount  of 
lumher  pioduced  iu  1905  was  betweeu  30  aud*35  billion  board  feet,  valued  at  from  $475,000,000 
to  $500,000,000. 

At  the  present  rate  of  cutting  the  forest  lands  of  the  United  States  cannot  long  meet  the  enormous 
demands  made  upon  them.  TJie  great  pineries  of  the  Lake  States  have  been  almost  entirely  elim- 
inated, and  great  inroads  have  been  made  iu  the  supply  of  valuable  timber  throughoutall  partsof  the 
country. 

The  heavy  demand's  fdr  timber  have  been  rapidly  pushing  to  the  South  and  West  the  great 
centres  of  lumber  supplj',  in  consequence  the  State  of  Washington  now  leads  in  lumber  production, 
followed  in  turn  by  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Louisiana,  Minnesota,  and  the  others.  The  annual  increase 
Iu  the  cut  of  white  pine  and  of  yellow  pine,  which  now  reaches  the  enormous  figure  of  10  billion 
feet,  has  practically  come  to  a  standstill;  and  the  lumbering  of  red  fir  In  the  northwest  has  brought 
that  wood  to  third  place. 

A  long  step  forward  in  the  preservation  of  forests  for  purposes  of  permanent  timber  supply  and 
the  protection  of  watersheds  and  grazing  lands  was  made,  when,  on  February  1,  1905,  tlie  transfer 
of  the  administration  of  the  National  Forest  reserves  from  the  Department  of  tlie  Interior  to  the 
Departmentof  Agriculture  was  made.  Under  the  present  system  the  management  of  the  Xarional 
forests,  the  area  of  which  on  November  17,  1906,  was,  approximatelj',  127,U78,658acres,  is  under- 
taken by  the  Forest  Service  of  the  United  States  Department  of  AgricultuTe. 

A  phenomenal  saving  has  been  effected  to  tlie  naval  stores  industry  by  the  Introduction  of  the  cup 
and  {gutter  system  of  turpentiniug,  instead  of  the  old  destructive  system  of  boxing,  by  insuring  a  larger 
product,  a  better  quality,  and,  bestofall,  indefinitely  prolonging  the  life  of  the  industry  bylesseu- 
ing  iheviamage  to  the    longleaf  pine  forests. 

In  1905,  3,192,000  cords  of  wood  vv:,»e  used  in  the  manufacture  of  paper,  of  which  an  Increased 
amount, 645,428  was  imported  from  Canada.  TLiS  demand  is  making  a  large  drain  on  the  spruce 
forests  winch  furnish  the  principal  supply,  and  investigations  are  uow  being  made  to  determine 
what  woods,  such  as  poplar,  fir,  and  the  like,  can  be  successfully  used*to  insure  a  continued  supply 
of  material.  A  much  larger  drain  upon  our  forest  re.sources  is  caused  in  the  production  of  railroad 
tie-',  of  which  84,000, 000,  equivalent  to  three  billion  board  feet,  were  used  Iu  1905.  White  oak, 
hitherto  the  chief  .source  of  supply,  is  not  plentiful  enough  to  indefinitely  meet  this  demand,  and  in 
maiiypartsof  the  country  the  supply  of  chestnut,  cedar,  and  cypress  is  becoming  inadequate;  how- 
ever, seasoning  and  treating  methods  are  being  found  by  which  cheaper  and  more  plentiful  woods,  as 
lodgepole  pinein  the  Northwest  and  loblolly  pine  iu  the  South,  are  being  prepared  for  these  uses. 
Timber  to  the  amount  of    two  and  one-half  billion  feet  was  used  for  miue  timbers. 

THE  FOREST  SERVICE. 

"Forest  Service"  has  been  the  name  since  July  1,  1905,  of  that  branch  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  which  was  previously  called  the  "Bureau  of  Forestry,"  and,  earlier  still,  the '  'Division 
of  Forestry. ' ' 

Since  February  1,  1905,  the  Forest  Service  has  been  charged,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  .\gricnlture,  with  the  administration  of  the  National  Forests.  About  the  manageme'it  of 
the  National  Forests,  ther^ore.  the  work  of  the  Service  now  centres.  The  Forests,  whose  area 
on  April  1,  1907,  was  147,948,685  acres,  are  of  vital  importance  for  their  timber  and  grass  and  for 
the  conservation  of  stream  flow.  They  are  so  managed  as  to  develop  their  permanent  value  as  a  re- 
source by  use. 

Aside  from  the  care  and  perpetuation  of  the  National  Forests,  the  Forest  Service  has  to  do  with 
the  practical  uses  of  forests  and  forest  trees  in  the  United  States,  especially  with  the  commercial 
mauiigement  of  forest  tracts,  wood  lots,  and  forest  plantations.  It  undertakes  such  forest  studios  as 
lie  l)eyond  the  power  or  the  means  of  individuaLs  to  carry  on  unaided.  -  It  stands  ready  to  co-operate, 
to  the  liiTiit  of  Its  resources,  with  all  who  seek  assistance  in  the  solution  of  practical  forest  problems, 
part i<-ularl J' where  such  co-operation  will  result  in  setting  up  object  lessons  to  serve  as  encouraging 
examples  for  the  general  benefit. 

Co-operative  Stale  studies  are  carried  on  with  States  which  request  the  advice  of  the  Service. 
Examples  of  this  work  are  the  studies  of  forest  conditions  in  New  Hampshire,  which  appropriated 
$7,000to\vard  the  total  cost,  and  California,  which  appropriated  $2.5,000.  Maine,  Massacluisetts, 
Maryland,  Rhode  Island,  Delaware,  North  Carolina,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Missouri,  and  Mississippi 
have  ;tl  so  called  upon  the  Service  for  expert  assistance. 

Tlie  fruits  of  its  more  important  studies  are  published  and  distributed  without  charge  upon  re- 
quest, or  sold  at  a  low  price  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents. 

The  work  of  the  Forest  Service  is  ortjanlzed  under  four  branches  and  fourteen  offices.  The  of- 
fice of  the  Forester  stands  at  the  head,  and  the  branches,  which  are  grazing,  operation,  sylviculture, 
and  products,  report  to  the  Forester. 

The  foUowiiig  is  the  organization  of  the  Forest  Service: 

Forester— Li'moxA  Pinchot;  Aaaociate  FoveMer  -Overton  W.  Price;  Law  Officer— 'P.  P.  Wells;  Editor 
—Herbert  A.  Smith;  2)(»>idroZof//««— George B.  Sudworth. 

Qra.z\n^—As!ii stunt  Forester  in Cha7-ge— Albert  F.  Potter, 

Operation— AsslMant  Forester  in  CA<«7-'/p— James  B.  Adams;  Clilef  Mairdenanee.—'H.eYraon  C. 
Metcaif;  Chief  Accounts— Qteov^e  E.  King;  Chief  Oiaanizdtirm—C  S.  Chapman-  Assistant  Chief— Clyde 
Leavitt;  Chl^f  Eagi)ieerin(j—W.  E.  Heering;  Chief  of  Lands —George  F.  Pollock, 

Sylviculture— ^.M/.s^ffrif  Forester,  in  Charfie—\\"\lV\ani  T.  Cox;  Chief  Ex/eii.sionS0.mue\  N.  Spring; 
Chief  Si/lvics— Raphael  Zon;  Chief  Manaaeme.nt—Vj.  E.  Carter;  Assistant  Chier—W.  G.  Weigle. 

Froduct;^— Assistant  Forester  in  C/iffl?-//fi— William  L.  Hall;  Chief  Wood  Utilization— B,  is.  Kellogg; 
Giief  Wood  Preservafion— Curl  G.  Crawford;  Chief  Pnblica/ ion— F'mClley  Burns, 

The  work  of  the  dendrologist  Includes  dendrological  studies  proper,  direction  of  the  Sei-vices, 
forest  photograph  collection,  and  charge  of  the  forest  exhibits  prepared  by  the  Service. 

A  leading  branch  of  the  dendroloj^ical  studies  is  the  iniiking  of  an  accurate  forest  niap  of  the  dis- 
tribution of  tree  species  in  the  United  States,  to  show  the  extent,  composition,  and  economic  possi- 


forests  mid  Forestry.  235 

FOREvSTS  AND  FORESTRY— Co7i^mM erf. 

bilitiesof  our  forest  resources.  Others  of  these  studies  concern  the  cedar  forests  of  Texas,  and  im- 
portant but  little  known  trees  Indigenous  to  the  United  States,  the  growth  of  which  may  profitably 
extend  to  new  localities  for  economic  purposes.  Prominent  among  the  latter  are  the  desert  pines  of 
California.  An  investigation  is  being  made  of  the  present  and  probable  future  supply  of  western 
tan  bark  oak,  as  well  as  of  other  trees  the  barks  of  which  are  used  to  aduln^rate  tan  bark,  and  the 
taiuiin  contents  of  the  barks  are  being  determined  by  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry.  Included  also  is  a 
study  of  basket  willows.  Experimental  holts.are  established  on  the  ArlingtonExperimental  Farm, 
near  Washington,  D.  C.  Attention  is  given  especially  to  the  conditions  under  which  high-grade 
basket  rods  may  be  pioduced.  Approved  basket  willow  cuttings  are  distributed  free  each  Spring  to 
applicants  interested  in  willow  culture. 

A  series  of  important  publications  in  course  of  preparation  will  describe  and  illustrate  the  tree 
species  of  the  different  regions  of  the  United  States.  The  first  of  these  bulletins  embraces  the  trees 
of  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  the  second  those  of  the  Rocky  IMountain  States.  One  special  use  of  these 
tree  books  will  be  the'aid  which  they  will  give,  forest  ollicers  on  National  Forests  in  identifying 
speci'^'S  and  in  acquainting  themselves  with  their  habits,  growth,  distribution,  and  other  important 
facts. 

The  dendrologist  also  gives  technical  information  about  trees,  in  response  to  inquiries,  including 
the  identification  of  the  wood, seeds,  foliage,  etc.,  of  native  and  exotic  trees.  A  large  and  growing 
correspondence  evidences  the  public  demand  for  such  information. 

The  Government  forest  exhibits  prepared  f<jr  .State,  National,  and  international  expositions  ex- 
plain what  forestj'  Is  and  show  its  application  to  the  problems  with  whicli  the  Service  is  dealing. 
Through  these  displays  much  publicinterest  is  aroused  and  information  given  concerning  our  forests, 
their  economic  importance,  and  right  and  wrong  methods  of  using  them, 

FOREST  PLANTING. 

The  section  of  planting  in  the  department  of  Sylviculture,  deals  with  all  phases  of  forest  planting 
within  the  National  Forests.  In  the  past  two  important  problems  have  received  special  attention: 
(1)  The  reforesting  of  denuded  watei-sheds  where  planting  is  needed  in  order  to  control  and  regulate 
the  flow  of  streams  directly  supplying  cities  and  towns;  (2)  planting  within  the  treeless  National 
Forests  in  the  Middle  West  to  provide  for  timber  in  the  future  and  to  serve  as  an  object  lesson  to  the 
people. 

The  trees  used  in  planting  are  grown  at  eight  Government  nurseries  in  the  following  National 
Forests:  San  Gabriel,  Santa  Barbara,  Gila,  Dismal  Kiver,  Pikes  Peak,  Salt  Lake,  Pecos,  and  liiiicolii. 
The  combined  area  of  seed  beds  at  the  eight  stations  is  11  acres.  They  now  contain  over  5,000,000 
trees,  from  one  to  three  years  old.  The  seed  sown  in  1907  should  produce  not  less  than  4,000,000 
trees,  giving  a  total  of  over  9,000,000  in  1908. 

The  planting  stations  are  sosituated  that  in  addition  to  providing  plant  material  for  local  use  they 
also  serve  as  distributing  points  for  other  National  Forests.* 

The  preliminary  stage  of  forest  planting  within  the  National  Forests  is  now  past,  and  several  of 
the  planting  stations  have  this  year  produced  trees  of  sufficient  size  to  plant  directly  on  the  permanent 
site.  About  700,000  trees  were  planted  dunng  the  Winter  and  Spring  of  1907,  the  greater  part  in  the 
Dismal  River.  Niobrara,  North  Platte,  San  Gabriel,  Santa  Barbara,  and  Pikes  Peak  Naiional  Forests. 
At  the  nursery  in  the  Dismal  River  National  Forest  more  stock  has  reached  an  age  suitable  for 
planting  tlian  at  the  other  stations.  This  rnirsery  contains  approximately  2,500,000  trees.  In  the 
Springof  1908  tliere  will  be  about  1,000,000  trees' ready  for  planting  in  the  sandhills.  The  species 
largely  in  use  up  to  this  time  in  planting  within  this  Forest  are  western  j^ellow  pine  and  jack  pine. 
Other  species,  chiefly  Scotch  pine,  Norway  pine,  and  Douglas  fir,  are  being  tested  in  the  nursery 
and  in  experimental  plantations. 

Tlie  Pasadena  and  San  Marcos  stations  are  being  nsed  as  distributing  points  for  some  of  the 
southern  California  National  Forests.  These  two  stations  have  a  combined  capacity  of  about 
6,000, 000  trees  annually. 

Private  owners  of  timberlands,  large  or  small,  may  secure  the  aid  of  the  Forest  Service  in  the 
care  of  their  lands  under  a  plan  of  co-operation  fully  outlined  in  circular  No.  21.  Any  owner  who 
wishes  to  learn  whether  forestry  might  be  profitable  to  him  may  apply  to  ttie  Forest  Service  for  a 
working  plan.  An  agent  of  the  Service  is  then  sent  to  examine  the  forest.  If  tlie  piece  of  woodland 
is  small,  as  in  farm  wood  lots,  and  management  is  practicable,  a  plan  is  outlined  on  the  spot  and  care- 
fully explained  to  the  owner.  In  the  case  of  large  tracts  the  preparation  of  a  working  plan  requires  a 
more  prolonged  study  on  the  ground.  The  agent  sent  to  examine  the  tract  therefore  fii"St  finds  out 
whether  a  sufficiently  good  opening  for  paying  management  exists  to  justify  the  outlay.  Hi?  report 
issubmitted  totiie  owner,  with  an  estimateof  the  costofpreparingthe  plan  ifaplan  is  fcJnnd  desirable. 

If  the  owner  desires  the  working  plan,  a  force  of  men  is  sftit  to  collect  the  necessary  data.  A 
thorough  examination  of  the  tract  is  made  both  from  the  Forester's  and  from  the  lumberman's 
points  of  view.  The  merchantable  and  immature  trees  upon  sample  strips  are  counted  and  their 
diameter  measured,  and  from  these  data  the  stand  on  the  whole  tract  is  calculated.  Volume  and 
rate  of  growth  are  ascertained  for  the  important  species  through  tree  analyses— that  is,  through 
measurements  of  felled  trees  and  counts  of  their  annual  rings.  Studies  are  made  of  reproiluction.  of 
the  danger  from  fire,  grazing,  and  insect  attack,  and  of  the  best  means  of  preventing  such  injuries. 
Market  and  transportation  facilities  are  carefully  investigated,  and  the  yield  of  timber  and  the  char- 
acter and  distribution  of  tlie  forest  are  mapped. 

When  these  f  acts  have  been  collected  they  are  worlced  up  Into  the  plan ,  which  takes  into  account 
the  special  needs  or  purpose  of  the  owner,  as,  for  instance,  to  secure  permanent  supplies  of  mining 
timber,  to  maintain  a  game  preserve,  or  to  protect  a  watershed.  The  recommendations  in  the  plan 
enable  the  owner  to  derive  from  the  forest  the  fullest  and  most  permanent  revenue  which  is  con- 
sistent with  his  special  requirements. 

FORE%T  PRESERVATION  BY  THE  VARIOUS  STATES. 

New  York  has  purchased  and  set  aside  1,500.000  acres  for  a  forest  reserve.  These  lands  are 
mainly  in  the  Adirondack^,  but  partly  inthe  Catskill'*.  Patrol,  to  guard  against  theft  of  timber  and 
esYjecially  against  fire,  is  maintained  under  the  Superintendent  of  Forests,  who  is  tlie  executive 
ofhcerof'the  forest,  fish  and  game  commission.  The  planting  of  young  trees  on  open  places  is  now 
going  forward  at  th'^^ate  of  500,000  seedlin;rs  anmially. 

rpimsvlvania  has  recently  been  most  active  in  taking  measures  for  the  preservation  of  Itsforests. 
In  1897,  this  State,  to  conserve  the  water  supply,  provided  for  the  purchase  of  three  forest  reserves. 


236  Fo7'ests  mid  Forestry. 


FORESTS  AND  FORESTRY— Co7?/m«erf. 


of  not  less  than  40,000  acres  each,  at  the  heads  of  the  three  principal  river  systems  of  the  State.  In 
accordance  with  this  and  other  acts,  laud  has  been  rapidly  acquired,  until,  at  the  present  time,  the 
holdings  of  Pennsylvania  amount  to  more  than  700,000  acres.  In  1901  Pennsylvania  made  Its 
Bureau  of  Foresty  aseparate  department.  A  school  for  forest  wardens  has  been  established  at  Mont 
Alio,  and  in  connection  with  the  protection  and  improvement  of  the  forest  reserves,  the  State  is 
engaged  in  removing  the  mature  timber. 

Minnesota,  long  took  the  lead  in  the  excellence  of  a  forest  fire  law,  it  being  the  first  State  to 
appoint  a  fire  warden  charged  with  responsibility  lorsuppressing  fires.  New  York,  in  1900,  also  made 
provision  for  a  chief  file  waiden.  Maine  and  New  Hampshire  are  other  States  posse.ssing  excellent 
nre  law.s.  In  1899  Michigan  appointed  a  commission  to  study  the  forest  question,  and  to  select  laud 
for  a  State  forest  reserve. 

Under  the  supervision  of  a  trained  Forester,  Wisconsin  is  selling  mature  timber  from  its  forest 
reserve  of  '264.697  acres,  which  has  been  surveyed,  mapped  and  placed  under  management.  In 
co-operation  with  the  office  of  Indian  Aflfairs  and  the  Forest  Service  the  state  Forester  supervises  the 
sale  and  cutting  of  timber  on  the  Indian  reservations  in  Wisconsin.  On  .June  26,  1906,  Congress 
passed  a  bill  granting  to  Wisconsin,  '20,000  acres  of  vacant  Government  lands. 

Indiana  took  an  important  step  forward  when  the  State  held  forth  encouragement  to  private 
owners  to  plant  trees.  Since  1904,  Massachusetts  has  had  a  technically  trained  State  Forester,  wlio 
besides  furnishii\g  advice  to  landowners  for  the  management  of  forest  lands,  delivers  a  course  of 
lectures  at  the  State  agricultural  college.  In  1905,  Maryland  pa.ssed  a  law  providing  for  a  State 
Forester  under  much  the  same  conditions. 

raiilornia  has  manifested  great  interest  in  forest  preservation,  Under  an  appropriation  of  the 
Legislatureof  that  State  a  studj'  of  its  forest  resources  has  been  undertaken,  and  is  now  in  progress  in 
ccr-oneration  with  the  Forest  Service.     A  State  Forester  has  recentl  y  been  appointed. 

'1  he  .-states  now  having  officers  cliarged  with  the  careof  forest  interests  are  :  California,  Connecti- 
cut, Indiana,  Kansas,  Louisiana.  Maine,  Maryland,  Mas.sachu setts,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  New 
Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Carolina,  North  Dakota,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode 
Island,  Washington,  West  Virginia,  and  Wisconsin, 

The  Biltraore  Forest  School,  at  Biltmore,  North  Carolina,  was  established  in  1898.  Its  dlrectorls 
Dr.  r.  A.  Schenck,  forester  to  the  Biltmore  estate.  The  Yale  Forest  School,  established  in  1900,  is  a 
post-graduate  school,  whose  head  isProf.  Henry  S.  Graves.  Harvard  has  had  a  forest  school  since 
1903.  The  University  of  Michigan  has  a  four- year  undergraduate  course  In  forestry.  The  lecturer 
Is  Prof.  Filibert  Both. 

THE  AMERICAN  FORESTRY  ASSOCIATION. 

The  American  Forestry  Association  whose  headquarters  are  at  1311  G  Street,  N.  W.,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  was  organized  in  1882,  and  incorporated  in  , January,  1897,  with  the  following  objects: 

1.  The  promotion  of  a  businesslike  and  conservative  use  and  treatment  of  the  forest  resources 
of  this  country. 

2.  The  advancement  of  legislation  tending  to  this  end  both  by  the  States  and  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  the  inauguration  of  forest  administration  by  the  Federal  Government  and  by  the 
States,  and  the  extension  of  sound  forestrj'  by  all  proper  methods. 

3.  The  diffusion  of  knowledge  regarding  the  con.servation,  management,  and  renewal  of  forests, 
the  proper  utilization  of  their  products,  methods  of  reforestation  of  wastelands,  and  the  planting 
of  trees. 

The  Association  desires  and  needs  as  members  all  who  are  Interested  in  promoting  the  objects 
for  which  it  is  organized— all  who'realize  the  importance  of  using  the  natural  resources  of  the  country 
in  such  a  manner  as  not  to  exhaust  them,  or  to  work  ruin  to  other  interests.  In  particular  it  appeals 
toownersof  woodlands,  to  lumbermen  and  Forestei-s,  as  well  as  to  engineers,  professional  and  busi- 
ness men  who  have  to  do  with  wood  and  its  manifold  uses,  and  to  persons  concerned  in  the  conserva- 
tion of  water  supplies  for  irrigation  and  other  purposes. 

The  Association  has  over  5,000  members  at  the  present  time,  residents  of  every  State  in  the 
Union,  Canada  and  foreign  countries.  The  annual  dues  are  two  dollars;  a  magazine  is  published. 
The  officers  of  the  Association  are: 

P)e-'«i'^rn<— Secretary   of   Agriculture,    James    Wilson;      Virp-Preitid/'nts-ntrLarpe—'Dr.     Edward  , 
Everett  Hale,  F.  E.  Weyerhaeuser,  James  \V.  Pinchot,  Dr.  B.  E.Fernow,  ,lohn  L.  K.a.ul,  Secretary ~ 
Thomas  E.  Will,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  ryroscyer— Otto  Luebkert,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Local  or  State  Forestry  Associations  have  been  formed  in  California,  Colorado,  Connecticut, 
Iowa,  Kentucky,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  New  Hampshire,  New  York, 
North  Carolina,  North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Tennessee,  Utah,  Washington  and 
Wyoming. 

ARBOR  DAY. 

Individual  States  and  Territories  have  striven  to  encourage  the  preservation  of  trees  by  setting 
aside  a  certain  day  each  year  for  the  purpose  of  tree  planting.  Every  State  and  Territory,  with  ths 
ex<-epti(jn  of  Delaware  and  the  Indian  Territory,  have  set  apart  such  an  Arbor  Day.  fSee  "Legal 
Holidays.  "] 

NATIONAL  PARKS. 

The  national  parks  were  created  during  the  period  from  1872  to  1904.  They  have  a  total  area  of 
about  3,654.196  acres.  The  more  important  are  the  Yellowstone  National  Park  in  Wj'oming  and 
Montana;  Sequoia  National  Park.  General  (^rant  National  Park,  and  Yosemite  National  Park  in 
California;  Mt.  Rainier  National  Park  in  Washington,  and  Crater  Lake  National  Park  in  Oregon. 

The  re.servation  known  as  the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  .set  apart  for  public  uses  by  an  act  of 
Congress  passed  in  187'2,  covers  a  tract  of  about  sixty-five  miles  in  length,  from  north  to  .south,  and 
about  fifty-five  miles  in  width,  from  east  to  west,"lving  chiefl.v  in  Northwestern  Wyoming,  and 
overlapiiing,  to  asmall  extent,  the  boundaries  of  IMontana,  on  the  north,  and  Idaho,  on  the  west. 
This  gives  an  area  of  3,312  square  miles,  a  tract  that  is  nearlv  the  area  of  the  States  of  Rliode  Island 
and  Delaware  combined,  and  nearly  half  as  large  as  the  State  of  Ma.ssachusett.s.  The  Rocky  Moun- 
tain chsCin  crosses  the  southwestern  i>ortion  in  an  irregulaii  line,  leaving  by  far  the  greater  expanse 
on  the  eastern  side.  The  least  elevation  of  anv  of  tlie  narrow  valleys  is  6,000  feet,  and  some  of  them 
are  from  1.000  to  2,000  feet  higher.  The  mountain  ranges  which  hem  in  the.se  valleys  are  from 
10.0(W  to  upward  of  11,<K>0  feet  in  height,  lOlectrio  Peak  (in  Hih  northwest  corner  of  the  park,  not 
far  back  of  Mammoth  Hot  Springs)  having  an  elevation  of  11.1."»5  feet,  and  Mount  Langford  and 
Turret  Mouutaiu  (both  in  t)ie  Vellovvstoue  Range)  reuchiug  the  height  of  11,155  and  11, 142  feet  re- 
spectively. ... 


Jjumher  and  Tiinher  Products  of  the    United  States.        237 

atimtjft  antr  ^Timtct  33rotruct33  of  i\)t  sanitetr  cStatts* 

(From    Census    Bulletin    No,    77.) 

Lumber  and  timber  products,  as  defined  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,  are  manu- 
factured In  three  classes  of  establishments — logging  or  timber  camps,  sawmills,  and 
planing  mills.  The  raw  material  of  the  logging  industry  is  standing  timber,  and  its 
leading  product  is  saw  logs.  Among  the  other  principal  products  are  shisgle,  stave, 
and  heading  bolts,  cooperage  and  excelsior  stock,  fence  posts,  hop  and  hoop  poles, 
handle  stock,  tan  bark,  piles,  paving  stock,  railway  ties,  rived  or  split  shingles,  masts 
and  spars,  ship  knees,  telegraph  and  telephone  poles,  wheel  stock  and  charcoal.  Logs 
and  bolts,  products  of  the  logging  camps,  constitute  the  raw  materials  of  the  sawmills, 
and  rough  lumber  is  their  leading  product.  The  term  "rough  lumber"  comprises  all 
sawed  products  reported  in  thousand  feet,  board  measure,  such  as  planks,  boards, 
scantlings,  furniture  stock,  carriage  and  wagon  stock,  agricultural  Implement  stock, 
bobbin  and  spool  stock,  and  dimension  stock.  Among  the  other  principal  products  of 
the  industry  are  shingles,  cooperage  materials,  veneers,  cut,  sawed  and  sliced,  and  laths. 
In  the  planing  mill  industry  rough  lumber  foi-ms  the  principal  material,  with  hardware, 
glass,  glue,  etc.,  as  other  materials;  while  chief  among  its  products  are  finished  lumber, 
such   as   ceiling,   flooring,    etc.,   and   sash,   doors,   blinds,   and  interior  finish. 

These  three  industries  are  so  closely  connected  that  often  a  single  establishment 
includes  a  logging  camp,  a  sawmill,  and  a  planing  mill.  The  Bureau  of  the  Census  recog- 
nizes this  close  connection,  and,  although  it  treats  each  branch  as  a  separate  industry, 
it  gives  the  figures  for  the  lumber  and  timber  industry  as  a  whole.  Since,  however, 
some  of  the  products  of  the  lumber  camp  are  the  raw  materials  of  the  sawmill,  and 
some  of  the  products  of  the  sawmill  the  raw  materials  for  the  planing  mill,  a  correct 
total  for  the  lumber  and  timber  industry  can  not  be  obtained  by  adding  the  figures 
for  the  three  branches.  Special  figures  are  therefore  given  for  Iiimber  and  timber 
products.  In  determining  these  figures,  moreover,  planing  mills  not  connected  with 
sawmills  have  been  omitted,  because  the  products  of  such  mills  are  not.  accurately 
speaking,  lumber  and  timber.  Planing  mills  connected  with  sawmills  would  also  have 
been  omitted  had  it  been  possible  to  distribute  accurately  the  costs  of  operation  between 
the  products  of  the  saw  and  the  products  of  the  planer. 

LUMBER    AND    TIMBER. 

The  figures  given  for  the  lumber  an(%,timber  industry  as  a  whole  show  that  19.127 
establishments,  with  a  combined  capital  of  $317,224, 12S,  were  manufacturing  lumber 
and  timber  products  at  the  census  of  1905.  These  establishments  employed  on  the 
average  404,626  wage-earners,  and  they  paid  $183,021,519  in  wages,  consumed  materials 
costing  $183,786,210,    and  manufactured  products  valued  at   $r)80.022,600. 

These  establishments  were  widely  distributed,  for  in  1005  lumber  and  timber  products 
were  manufactured  on  a  commercial  scale  in  every  State  and  Territory  except  North 
Dakota.  In  nine  States  the  production  of  lumber  was  the  principal  industry  and  in 
twelve  it  was  second  in  importance.  The  six  leading  States  in  the  industry,  with  the 
value  of  products  manufactured  in  each,  were,  in  1905:  Washington,  $49,572,512;  Wisconsin, 
$44,395,766;  Michigan,  $40,569,335;  Louisiana,  $35,192,374;  Minnesota,  $33,183,309,  and 
Pennsylvania,  $31,642,390. 

LOGGING    CAMPS. 

In  1905  returns  were  received  from  12,494  logging  camps  with  a  combined  capital  of 
$90,454,494.  These  camps  employed  on  the  average  146,596  vs'age-earners,  paid  $66,989,795 
in  wages,  consumed  materials  costing  $80,412,828,  and  manufactin-ed  products  valued  at 
$236,131,048. 

Of  the  total  number  of  logging  camps,  11,644.  or  93.2  per  cent.,  were  conducted  by 
milling  establishments,  and  850,  or  6.8  per  cent.,  were  operated  independently.  The 
dependent  logging  camps  reported  78  per  cent,  of  the  capital,  80  per  cent,  of  the  wage- 
earners,  78  per  cent,  of  the  wages,  90  per  cent,  of  the  cost  of  materials,  and  86  per 
cent,  of  the  value  of  the  products.  'While  it  is  thus  apparent  that  the  bulk  of  Xhe 
logging  industry  is  carried  on  in  conjunction  with  sawmills,  the  independent  camps  on 
an  average  are  much  larger.  These  independent  camps  follow  closely  the  centres  of 
heaviest  lumber   production. 

In  the  amount  of  production,  which  can  most  accurately  be  measured  by  the 
number  of  thousand  feet  of  saw  logs  produced,  Washington  ranked  first,  Louisiana  second, 
Wisconsin  third,  Pennsylvania  fourth,  and  Arkansas  fifth.  In  the  value  of  products, 
however,  the  five  leading  States  were  Wisconsin,  Washington,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  and 
Pennsylvania. 

A  comparison  of  the  figures  for  1905  with  those  for  1900  shows  that  growth  In  the 
industry  since  1900  has  been  most  rapid  in  the  Southwestern  States  and  in  certain  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  States,  while  a  substantial  and,  with  respect  to  most  of  the  items, 
uniform  decline  characterizes  the  Lake  States  ^s  a  group.  That  logging  is  relatively 
declining  in  the  Central  States  is  also  clearly  indicated,  and  this  is  due,  of  course,  to 
the  practical  exhaustion  in  those   States  of  merchantable   timber  in  continuous  bodies. 

INCREASED  COST   OP   TIMBER. 

Throughout  the  country  the  value  of  log  stumpage  is  increasing.  The  average  value 
per  thousand  feet,  board  measure,  for  the  United  States  increased  from  $2.18  in  1900 
to  $2.59  in  1905,  a  rise  of  41  c^nts,  or  18.8  per  cent.  This  advance  in  the  cost  of 
stumpage  added  $11,472,115  to  the  total  cost  of  sawmill  material  and  increased  the 
value  of  lumber  proportionately.  The  increase  is  due  not  so  much  to  a  present  shortage 
in  the  supply  of  lumber  material  in  the  country  a.s  a  whole  as  to  th^*  fact  that  ^he 
available  supply  of  log  stumpage  is  rapidly  being  bought  up  and  withdrawn  from  the 
market. 

The  conditions  in  certain  of  the  States  are  noteworthy.  In  Maine.  New  Hampshire, 
and  New  York  the  great  demand  for  spruce  to  be  used  as  a  raw  material  in  the  wood 
pulp  industry  has  caused  an  increase  in  stumpage  values   far  above   the   average   increase 


238        Limiber  and  Timber  Products  of  the   United  States. 

LUMBER    AND    TIMBER    PRODUCTS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES— Con^mjttrf. 

reported  for  the  country  as  a  whole.  In  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  Ohio,  where  little  merchant- 
able timber  remains,  the  rise  in  stumpage  values  is  due  directly  to  the  growing  scarcity 
of  sawmill  material  for  immediate  use.  In  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  where  the  supply 
is  still  relatively  large,  the  sharp  advances  are  due  in  large  part  to  extensive  buying 
for  future  use.  On  the  Pacific  slope  is  still  to  be  found  the  cheapest  high-grade 
stumpage  in  the  country,  though  the  values  in  this  region  show  substantial  increases 
over    1900. 

Practically  all  species  of  merchantable  timber  have  increased  in  stumpage  value. 
Tellow  pine,  which  was-  the  species  most  used  at  both  censuses,  increased  in  value  per 
thousand  board  feet  from  $1.12  to  $1.08.  White  pine  increased  from  $3.66  to  $4.62; 
Douglas  fir,  the  chief  species  converted  into  lumber  in  the  States  of  Washington  and 
Oregon,  from  77  cents  to  $1.05;  hemlock,  from  $2.56  to  $3.51;  oak.  from  $3.18  to  $3.83; 
spruce,  from  $2.26  to  $3.70.  and  cypress,  from  $1.58  to  $3.42.  Redwood,  found  only  in 
California,   advanced  in  value  from  $1.06   to  $1.55,   or  46.2  per  cent. 

INCREASED   VALUE   OF   SAW   LOGS. 

The  increased  value  of  log  stumpage  is  reflected  in  the  increased  value  of  the 
products  of  the  lumber  camps.  Saw  logs,  the  principal  product  of  the  industry, 
increased  in  quantity  from  25.279,702  thousand  feet  in  1900  to  27,980,708  in  1905.  a  gain 
of  10.7  per  cent.;  but  they  increased  in  value  from  $1.58.880.352  to  $210,074,486.  a  gain  of 
32.2  per  cent.  The  number  of  railway  ties  reported  increased  from  22,524,640  to  36,445,308, 
or  61.8  per  cent;  while  their  value  increased  from  $6,277,439  to  $12,413,793,  or  97.8  per 
cent.  The  average  value  of  a  tie  rose  from  28  cents  in  1900  to  34  cents  in  1905.  In  this 
connection  it  should  be  noted  that  the  census  figures  do  not  include  ties  cut  by  farmers 
during  the  Winter  months  and  sold  directly  to  the  railroads.  It  should  also  be  noted  that 
the  figures  are  for  hewn  ties.  Sawed  ties  are  forming  an  increasing  percentage  of  the 
total  production  of  railway  ties  in  the  country,  and  they  are  reported  by  the  mills  in 
thousand  feet  under  the  heading  of  rough  lumber.  The  other  products  of  the  lumber 
camp  generally  show  an  increase  both  in  quantity  and  value.  Hemlock  bark,  however, 
decreased  in  quantity  from  471.802  cords  to  391,691  cords,  but  it  increased  in  alu« 
from  $1,940,057  to  $2,347,463.     Charcoal  decreased  both  in  quantity  and  value. 

SAWMILLS. 

At  the  census  of  1905  the  number  of  sawmills  reported  was  18.277,  and  their  combined 
capital  was  $3S1.621,1S4.  They  furnished  employment  on  the  average  to  223,674  wage- 
earners,  paid  $100,310,891  in  wages,  consumed  materials  costing  $263,865,101,  and  manu- 
factured  products   to   the  value   of   $491,524,662. 

In  this  industry  Wisconsin  ranked  first  according  to  the  value  of  products,  Wa.^n- 
Ington  second,  Michigan  third.  Louisiana  fourth,  and  Pennsylvania  fifth.  In  llMK) 
Wisconsin  was  second,  Washington  sixth,  Michigan  first,  Louisiana  eleventh,  and 
Pennsylvania   third. 

A   classification    of   the   mills   according   to   the   quantity   of  lumber   cut   indicates   that 
between    1900    and    1905    the    capacity    of    the    average    mill     materially    increased.     Mil's 
cutting  1.000.000  feet  or  more  annually  formed  33.3  per  cent,   of  the  total  number  in   1905 
as  contrasted  with  30.6  per  cent,    in  1900. 

The  principal  products  of  the  sawmills,  with  their  values,  were  as  follows:  Ro'is;-) 
lumber.  $435,708,084;  shingles.  $24,009,610;  hoops,  $3,159,973;  staves,  $19,082,641;  headings, 
$7,436,250,    and  laths,    $5,435,968. 

ALL    KINDS    OF    LUMBER   INCREASE    IN    COST. 

The  increase  in  the  average  value  of  all  lumber  was  from  $11.14  per  thousand  fe^t 
in  1900  to  $12.76  at  the  census  of  1905,  or  14.5  per  cent.  The  advance  extended  to  all 
species  of  both  conifers  and  hard  woods,  and  in  the  case  of  several  of  them  was  large. 
Among  the  conifers,  yellow  pine  advanced  from  $8.59  per  thousand  feet  to  $10.10;  whitp 
pine,  from  $12.72  to  $14.92;  hemlock,  from  $9.97  to  $11.91;  Douglas  fir,  from  $8.67  to 
$9.51;  spruce,  from  $11.29  to  $14.03,  and  cypress,  from  $13.34  to  $17.50.  Oak  increased 
from  $14.02  per  thousand  feet  to  $17.51;  poplar,  from  $14.22  to  $18.90;  maple,  from 
$11.83  to  $14.;>4;  cottonwood,  from  $10.35  to  $14.92;  elm,  from  $11.57  to  $14.45,  and  gum, 
from    $9.75    to    $10.87. 

PLANING    MILLS. 

The  number  of  planing  mills  reported  in  1905  was  9,486,  and  their  combined  capital 
was  $222,294,184.  They  employed  132,0.30  wage-earners,  paid  $66,434,440  in  wages,  con- 
sumed   materials    costing   $273,276,381,    and    manufactured    products    valued    at    $404,650,282. 

In  the  value  of  products  of  this  industry  New  York  ranked  first,  Wisconsin  second, 
Pennsylvania  third,  Minnesota  fourth,  and  Illinois  fifth.  The  high  rank  of  New  York 
in  the  planing  mill  industry  is  due  almost  entirely  to  the  magnitude  of  the  operations  of 
its  independent  planing  mills.  Illinois  is  also  important  because  of  its  large  number  of 
independent  mills,  as  are  also  Ohio  and  Massachusetts. 

IMPORTS  FROM  CANADA. 

Practically  all  the  rough  lumber  Imported  Into  the  United  States  com«s  from  Canada, 
that  country  contributing  98.2  per  cent,  of  the  total  In  1905.  The  following  Is  a  statement 
of  the  boards,  planks,  deals,  etc..  Imported  fio?n  Canada  in  the  three  years  ending  1905: 

1903.  Quantitv,    718.909.(X)0   feet;    valup.    $10. .5(15, 629. 

1904.  Quantitv,  5S5,194.000  feet;  value,  $s.729.i::5. 

1905.  Quantity,   704,056, 0<X>  feet;  value,   $10,714,417. 


^Naturalization  Imws  of  the    United  States.  •     289 

Natucaltfation  Hatos  of  tfje  5Iu(trtr  .States. 

The  conditions  yinder  and  the  manner  in  wliieh  an  alien  may  be  admitted  to  become  a  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States  are  j>rescribed  by  S*-'Ctions  2, 1(>5-71  of  the    Revised   Statutes  of  the 
United  States,  :is  amended  by  Chapter  3592  of  the  Acts  of  the  First  Session  of  the  oOth  Congress. 
(See  also  Citizen' s  Expatriation  Act,  pa.tre  183.  ) 

DECLARATION  OF  INTENTIONS. 

The  alien  must  declare  upon  oath  before  a  circuit  or  district  court  of  the  United  States  or  a 
district  or  supreme  court  of  the  Territories,  or  a  court  of  record  of  any  of  the  States  having 
common  law  jurisdiction  and  a  seal  and  clerk,  of  Avhich  he  is  a  resident,  two  years  at  least 
prior  to  his  admission,  that  it  is,  bona  fide,  his  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
and  to  renounce  forever  all  allegiance  and  fidelity  to  any  foreign  i)rihce  or  State,  and  partic- 
ularly to  tlie  one  of  which  he  may  be  at  the  time  a  citizen  or  subject. 

PETITION  ON  APPLICATION  FOR  ADMISSION. 

At  the  time  of  his  application  for  admission,  which  must  be  not  less  than  two  years  nor 
more  than  seven  years  after  such  declaration  of  intention,  he  shall  make  and  tile  a  petition  in 
writing,  signed  by  himself  (and  duly  verified  by  the  affidavits  of  two  credible  witnesses  who  are 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  state  that  they  have  personally  known  him  to  be  a 
resident  of  the  United  States  at  least  five  years  continuously,  and  of  the  State  or  district  at  least 
one  year  previously),  in  one  of  the  courts  above  specified,  that  it  is  his  intention  to  become  a 
citizen  and  reside  permanently  in  the  United  States,  that  he  is  not  a  disbeliever  in  organized 
government  or  a  believer  in  j^blygamy,  and  that  he  absolutely  and  forever  renounces  all  alle- 
giance and  fidelity  to  any  foreign  country  of  which  he  may  at  the  time  of  filing  his  petition  be 
a,  citizen  or  subject. 

CONDITIONS  FOR  CITIZENSHIP. 

He  shall,  before  his  final  admission  to  citizenship,  declare  on  oath  in  open  court  that  he  will 
support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  that  he  absolutely  and  entirely  renounces  all 
foreign  allegiance.  If  it  shall  appear  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  court  that  immediately  preced- 
ing the  date  of  his  application  he  has  resided  continuously  within  the  United  States  five  years 
at  least,  and  within  the  State  or  Territory  where  such  court  is  held  one  year  at  least,  and  that 
during  that  time  he  has  behaved  as  a  man  of  jiood  moral  character,  attached  to  the  principles  of 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  well  disposed  to  the  good  order  and  happiness  of  the 
same,  he  may  be  admitted  to  citizenship.  If  the  applicant  has  borne  any  hereditary  title  or 
order  of  nobility  he  must  make  an  express  renunciation  of  the  same.  No  person  who  believes  in 
oris  affiliated  with  any  organization  teaching  opposition  to  organized  government  or  who  advo- 
cates or  teaches  the  duty  of  unlawfully  assaulting  or  killing  any  officer  of  any  organized  govern- 
ment because  of  his  official  character,  shall  be  natui-alized.  No  alien  shall  be  naturalized 
who  cannot  speak  the  English  language!  An  alien  soldier  of  the  United  States  Army  of  good 
character  may  be  admitted  to  citizenship  on  one  year' s  previous  residence. 

MINORS. 

An  alien  minor  may  take  out  his  first  papers  on  attaining  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  but 
he  can  only  become  a  citizen  after  having  his  first  papers  at  least  two  years,  and  having  resided 
within  the  United  States  five  years,  and  after  having  attained  the  age  of   wenty-one  years. 

The  children  of  persons  who  have  been  duly  naturalized,  being  under  the  age  of  twenty-one 
vears  at  the  time  of  the  naturali/--ation  of  their  parents,  shall,  if  dwelling  in  the  United  States, 
be  considered  as  citizens  thereof. 

CITIZENS'    CHILDREN  WHO  ARE  BORN  ABROAD. 

The  children  of  persons  who  now  are  or  have  been  citizens  of  the  United  States  are,  though 
born  out  of  the  limits  and  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  considered  as  citizens  thereof,  (^e 
page  183,  Section  6  of  Act  of  1907- ) 

CHINESE. 

The  naturalization  of  Ciiinamen  is  expressly  prohibited  by  Sec.  14,  Chap.  126,  Laws  of  1882. 

PROTECTION  ABROAD  TO    NATURALIZED  CITIZENS. 

Section  2,00()of  the  Revised  Statuteso:  the  United  States  declares  thafallnaturaliJied  citizens 
of  the  United  States  while  in  foreign  countries  are  entitled  to  and  shall  receive  from  this  Govern- 
ment the  same  protection  of  persons  and  property  which  is  accorded  to  native-born  citizens. 
But  when  a  naturalized  citizen  shall  have  resided  for  two  years  in  the  foreign  State  from  which 
he  came,  it  shall  be  presumed  that  he  has  ceased  to  be  an  American  citizen,  and  his  place  of 
general  abode  shall  be  deemed  his  place  of  residence  during  the  said  years.  It  is  provided  that 
pitch  a  presuroDtion  may  be  overcome  on  the  presentation  of  satisfactory  evidence  txifore  a. 
diplomatic  or  consular  officer  of  the  United  States. ' ' 

THE  RIGHT  OF  SUFFRAGE. 

The  right  to  vote  comes  from  the  State,  and  is  a  State  gift.  Naturalization  Is  a  Federal  right 
and  is  a  gift  of  tiie  Union,  n.ot  of  any  one  State.  In  nearly  one- half  of  the  Union  aliens  (who 
have  declared  intentions)  vote  and  have  the  right  to  vote  equally  with  naturalized  or  native- 
born  citizens.  In  the  other  half  only  actual  citizens  may  vote.  (See  Table  of  Qualifications  for 
Voting  in  each  State,  on  another  page.  )  The  Federal  naturalization  laws  apply  to  the  whole 
Union  alike,  and  provide  that  no  alien  may  be  naturalized  until  after  five  years'  residence. 
Even  after  five  years'  residence  and  due  naturalization  he  is  not  entitled  to  vote  unless  the  ]a\vs 
of  the  State  confer  the  privilege  upon  hirn,  and  he  may  vote  in  several  States  six  months  after 
lauding,  if  he  has  declared  his  intention,  under  United  States  law.  to  becopae  a  citizen. 

INHABITANTS   OF  THE   NEW   INSULAR   POSSESSIONS. 

The  Inhabitants  of  Hav/aii  were  declared  to  be  citizens  of  the  United  States  under  the  act  of 
1900  creating  Hawaii  a  Territory.  Under  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  decision  in  the  jn^ 
Bular  eases,  in  May,  1001,  the  inhabitants  of  the  Philippines  and  Porto  Rico  are  entitled  to  full 
protection  under  the  Constitution,  but  not  to  the  privileges  of  United  States  citizenship  until 
Congress  so  decrees,  by  admitting  the  countries  as  States  or  organizing  them  as  Territories. 


^40 


Qualifications  for  Voting. 


(©rualifications  for  Uotiug  in  ISaclj  .State  of  tije  sanCom 

(Communicated  IoThb  Woklu  Almanac  ami  loiieole.l  to  ilate  liy  tlie  Att(inie\s-G<;iier:il  of  the  respective  Slates.) 
In  all  the  States  except  Colorado,  Idaho,  Utah,  and  WyoininiC  the  right  to  vote  at  general  elections  is  restricted  to  males  of  21  veafS 
«f  age  and  upward.     (See  also  "New  York,"  next  page.)     Women  are  entitleil  to  vote  at  school  elections  in  several  States.      They 
are  entitled  bv  law  to  full  suffrage  in  the  States  of  Color.ado.  Idaho,  Utah,  and  Wyoming.    (See  article  entitled  "  Woman  Suffrage."") 


States. 


Requirement.s  as  to  Citizenship. 


Previous   Residench   Reqltirbd. 


In 
State. 


Alabama*.  Citizenof  United  States  or  alien  2  yrs. 

I    vvhoha.sdeclarediutentiouO) 
ArizouaT*  Citizen  of  U.  S.  by  nativity  or  1  yr.. 

I    uatilralizalion  (a)  (b).  I 

Arkansa.s»  Citizen  of  United  States  or  alien  1  yr.. 
who  has  declared  intention.    I 


Calif  rnia* 
Colorado*. 


Conu.* 

Delaware* 

Dls.  of  Co!. 
Florida* .. 

Georgia  {() 
Idaho  * 


Illinois*... 


Indiana* 


Iowa 


Kansas*... 
Keut'ky*. 


Louisla'a* 

Those  aljl-- 
their  name,  o 


Maine* . 


Maryla'd* 

Mass.* 

Michigan* 

Minn, »...-.. 


Miss.* 

Missouri*.. 

Montana*. 
Nebraska* 


Citizen  by  nativitj'.  naturaliza-  1  yr. 

tion  (90  days  prior  to  elec-| 

tion),  or  treaty  of  Quereiaro.  I 
Citizen,  native  or  naturalized,  1  yr.. 

male  or  female,  who  is  duly! 

registered.  I 

Citizen   of  United  States  who  1  yr., 

can  read  English  language.  | 
Citizen  of  the  United  States...,  1  yr. 

See  foot  note  on  following  pa  ge. 
Citizen  of  the  United  States....:!  yr.. 

Citizen  of  the  U.  S.  who  has  paid  1  yr. 
all  his  taxes  since  1877.  j 

Citizen  of  the  "United  States,  6  mo. 
male  or  female. 


Citizen  of  the  United  States  (ft). 


1  yr. 


Citizen  or  alien  who  has  de-  6  mo. 

Glared  intention  and  resided 

1  year  in  United  States. 
Citizen  of  the  United  States. 


Citizen  of  United  States  or  alien 

whohasdeclaredintentlon(/<) 

Citizen  of  the  United  States  (bj 


6  mo. 
6  mo. 
1  yr... 


In 
County. 


1  yr... 
30dys 
6  mo.. 

90dys 

90dys 


3  mo. 


6  mo« 
6  mo.. 


SOdys 
90dys 


60  dy; 


SOdys 
6  mo.. 


in 
Town. 

3  mo., 


30dys 


6  mo. 


30dys 


60dys 


30dys 
60dys 


Citizen  of  United  States 2  yrs„  1  yr. 

to  read  and  write,  or  who  own  $300  wjorth  of    propert  y     asse 
r  whose  father  or  grandfather  was  en  titled  to   vote    o  n  Jan.  1 


Citizen  of  the  United  States  . 
Citizen  of  the  United  States , 


Citizen  who  can  read  and 
write  (b). 

Citizen  of  the  United  States  or 
alien  who  declared  intention 
2  years  and  6  months  prior  to 
November  8.1894  'b). 

Citizen  of  United  States  who 
has  been  sncii  for  3  months 
preceding  election  (6). 

Citizen  of  the  United  States 
who  can  read  or  understand 
Constitution. 

Citizen  of  United  Statesoralien 
who  has  declared  intention 
not  less  than  1  year  or  more 
than  5  before  clfction. 

Citizen  of  the  United  States  (ft) 

Citizen  of  United  States  or  alien 
who  lias  declared  intention 
30  days  before  election  (6). 


tit 

led  to 

3 

mo.. 

1 

yr... 

1 

yr... 

6 

mo.. 

6 

mo.. 

2 

yrs.. 

1 

yr... 

1 

yr... 

6 

mo. 

3  mo.. 
6  mo.. 
6  mo.. 

20dys 


3  mo. 
6  mo.. 
6  mo.. 
20dys 


SOdys  30 dy.s 


1  yr... 


60dys 


SOdys 


1  yr. 


60dys 


SOdj's 


40dys|30dys 


In  Pre. 
cinct. 


3  mo... 
30  dys 
30  dys 

30  dys 

10  dys 

30  dys 


30  dys 


30  dys 


10  dys 
60  dys 

6  mo .. 

ssed  i  n 
,  1867. 

3  mo .. 
1  day. 
6  mo.. 
20  dj's 

30  dys 

lyr(c) 
20  dys 

30  dys 
10  dys 


Persons  Excluded  from  Suffrage. 


Convicted  of  treason  or  other 
felonies,  idiots,  or  insane. 

Idiot,  insane,  felon  under 
guardianship. 

Idiots,  insane,  convicted  of  fel- 
ony, failure  topa^-  poll-tax, U. 
S.  soldiers,  or  mariners. 

Chinese,  idiots,  insane,  embez- 
zlers of  public  moneys,  con- 
victed oi  infamous  crime,  t 

While  confined  in  public  prison, 
under  guardianship, »iou  com- 
pos ment  is,  insane. 

Convicted  of  heinous  crime,  un- 
less pardoned. 

Insane,  paupers  orpersons  con- 
victed of  felony  unpardoned. 

Idiots,  duellists.convicted  of  fel- 
ony or  any  infamous  crime. 

Convicted  of  felony,  bribery,  or 
larceny,  unless  pardoned, 
idiots,  and  insane. 

Idiots,  insane,  convicted  of  fel- 
ony, bigamists,  polygamists, 
under  guardianship  («,). 

Convicted  of  felony  or  bribery 
in  elections,  unless  restored 
to  citizenship  (/i). 

United  States  soldiers,  sailors, 
and  marines,  and  persons  con- 
victed of  infamous  crime  (0. 

Idiots,  in.sane,  convicted  of  in- 
famous crime,U.S.  soldiers  (A). 

Convicted  of  trea.son  or  felony, 
insane,  under  guardianship((i). 

Convicted  of  treason, felony,  or 
bribery  in  an  election,  idiots, 
and  insane  {h)  (?/<). 

Idiots,  in.sane,  felons,  under  in- 
dictment, inmates  of  prison  or 
charitable  institution  except 
soldiers'  home. 

Paupers  and  Indians  not  taxed, 
under  guardianship. t 

Felons  not  pardoned,  lunatics, 
tioii  compos  mentis,  bribery. 

Paupers  and  persons  under 
guardianship. 

Indians  witli  tribal  relations, 
duellists  and  accessories. 


Convicted  of  treason  or  felony, 
unpardoned,  under  guardian- 
ship, insane,  Indians  lacking 
customs  of  civilization. 

Insane,  idiots.  Indians  not  tax- 
ed, felons,  persons  who  have 
not  paid  ta.xes,  bigamists. 

Persons  in  poor  houses  or  asy- 
lums at  public  expense, those 
in  prison,  or  convicted  of  in- 
famous crimes  (A). 

Felons  not  pardoned,  idiots, 
insane,  Indians  {y). 

Convicted  of  treason  or  felony, 
unless  restored  to  civil  rights, 
persons  )to?i  compos  mentis  {h) 


'  *  Australian  Ballot  law  or  a  modification  of  it  in  force.  t  Or  a  person  unable  to  read  the  Constitution  in  English  and  to  write 
his  name,  (a)  Or  citizons  of  Mexico  who  desire  to  become  citizens  under  treaties  of  1848  an»l  18.i4.  (b)  Women  can  vote  in  school 
elections,  (c)  Clergymen  are  qualitied  after  six  months'  residence  in  precinct.  M)  Also  public  embez7lers,  persons  guilty  of  bribery, 
or  dishonorably  discharged  soldiers  from  U.  S.  service,  unless  reinstateil.  (g)  Also  soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines  in  U.  S.  service, 
(h)  No  soldier,  seaman,  or  marine  deemed  a  resident  because  stationed  in  fhe  State,      (i)  The  Australian  system  sometimes 

Frevails  in  municipal  primaries  in  Georgia,  but  same  is  ms  le  appliciMe  by  rule  of  party  ordering  primary  ami  not  by  the  law. 
j)  Poll-tixes  must  be  paid  to  date,  bv  F-b.  1,  pre<edirigel.ction.  (k)  .\lso  .soldiers  (except  those  living  in  soldiers'  homes), 
[  sailors  and  marines  in  U.  S.  Service.  (I)  During  term  ti.xed  by  court,  (m)  Widows  and  spinsters  owning  property  or  having 
.Ward  of  school  age  may  vote  in  ichool  elections,    (n)  Also  inmates  of  houses  of  ill  fame. 


Qualifications   for  Voting. 


241 


QUALIFICATIONS  FOR  YOTl^G— Continued. 


Statks. 


Nevada*., 


IPREvioas   Residknck    Required, 


Requirements  as  to  Citizeosblp. 


In 
State. 


Citizen  of  the  United  States.. 


N.Hamp.*!Citizen  of  the  United  States  (a) 
N.  Jersey*iCitizeu  of  the  United  States 


N.  M.  Ter.  'Citizen  of  the  United  States. 


6  mo. 


In 
County 


In 

TOWH. 


In   Pre 

i-inct. 


30dys30dys,;30  dys 


mo, 
yr.. 


N.  York*. 


6  mo. 


3  tno. 


4  mo.. 


Persons  Excluced  from  Suffrage. 


(0 


(0 


Citizen  who  shall  have  been  a  lyr(A:) 
citizen  for  ninety  days  prior 
to  election. 

Woman  othe'rwisequ.ilifie'i  but  forsexm.iy  vote.it  vl^llage  ele'ctionsor' 
to  raise  munely  by  tax  or  assessment  if  she  owns  pro.perty    in  villain  e  or  tow  n.    Elec- 
tor of   town    not  entitled  to  vote  on  proposition  for   raisin;;  of  money  or  injcurring 
town   liabilit  y  unless  he  or  his  wife  own  property 
ment  roll.       i 


town  me  e  tings 


N.  Car 'citizen  of  the  United  States 

N.   Oak. 


Ohio*. 


Okla.*.. . 
Oresron  * 


Penna. ' 


Citizen  of  the    United   States 
andcivilized  Indian  t  (aj. 


Citizen  of  the  United  States  (o) 


2yrs.. 
1  yr... 

1  yr... 


Citizen  of  United  States  (o)  t...  6  mo. 
...jCitizen  of  U.S.  or  alien  who  has  6  mo. 
declared  intention  more  than 
1  rear  prior  to  election  (a). 
...Citizen  ot  the  United  States  at  1  yr. 
least  one  month,   and  if  22 
years  old  or  more  must  have 
paid  tax  within  two  years. 

Rhode  I.  *|Citizen  of  the  United  States 

S.  Car Citizen  of  the  United  States  (e) 


S.  Dak.*...iCitizen  of  the  United  States  or 
alien  who  has  declared  inten- 
tion. Indian  who  has  severed 
tribal  relations  (n). 

Tenn,  *  |';^itizen  of  the  U.  S.  who  lias  paid 

poll-tax  of  preceding  year 


Idiots,  insane,  unpardoned  con- 
victs. Indians,  Chinese. 

,6  mo..'6  mo..l6  mo..  Paupers  (/ii. 
.15  mo Idiots,  paupers,  in.sane,  con- 
victed of  crime,  unless  par- 
doned or  restored  by  law  0). 
30dys  30  dys  Convicted  of  felony,  nnle.SvS 
pardoned,  U.  S.  soldier. .sailor, 
or  camp  follower,  Indians. 
Offenders  anaiust  elective  fran- 
chise rights,  guilty  of  bribery, 
betting  on  elections,  and  per- 
sons convicted  of  bribery  or 
infamous  crime  and  not"  re- 
stored to  citizenship  by  the 
Executive.  Convicts  in  House 
of  Refuge  or  Reformatory  not 
disqualified. 

6  mo 4  mo..  Convicted  of  felony  or  infamous 

crime,  idiots,  lunatics  (o). 

6  mo 90  dys  Under    guardianship,     persons 

nnn  com))os  vieii/is,  or  con- 
victed of  felony  and  trea.son, 
unless  restored  to  civil  rights. 

30dys20dys20  dj's  Idiots,  insane,  and  felons,  per- 
sons in  U.S.  militaryaiid  naval 
service  on  duty  in  Ohio. 

60dys  60dys  30  dys  Felons,  idiots,   insane. 

No  (>i)  None.  None.  Idiots,  insane,  convicted  of  fel- 
ony, Chine.se. 


assesseid  on  las 


t  assess- 


2vr 

2j^r(r) 


1  yr... 
6  mo  5  30dys 


2   mo. 


mo 
mo..i4 


mo. 


Texas* 


Utah" 


Citizen  of  the  U.  S.  or  alien 
who  has  declared  intention 
six  months  prior  to  election. 

Citizen  of  the  United  States, 
male  or  female. 


1  yr.. 
1  yr... 


6  mo. 
6  mo. 


10  dys 


Vermont*. Citizen  of  the  United  States. 


1  yr... 


1  yr. 


4  mo. 


6  mo. 


3  mo..  13  mo. 


Virginia* 
Wash'n* 


West  Va.  ■ 


See  note  at  foot  of  page 2 

Citizen   of    the  United  States  1 

and  all  residents  of  Territory 

prior  to  Statehood  (a). 
Citizen  of  the  State 


Wis. 


yrs.. 
yr... 


10  dys 


Convicted  of  perjury  and  fraud 
as  election  officers,  or  briberj- 
of  voters. 


(d) 


60  dys 


3  mo. 


30  dys 


1  vr...  I  vr., 
j90dys,30dysi30  dj's 


1  yr...  60dysl6  mo.. 


Wyom. 


Citizen  of  United  States  or  alien 
who  has  declared  intention, 
and  civilized  Indians  t  (a). 

Citizen  of  the  United  States, 
male  or  female. 


1  yr. 


lyr. 


lOdys  lOdySjlO  dys 


60  dys  10  dys 


Paupers,  lunatics  (g). 

Felons,  bribery  unless  par- 
doned, insane,  paupers. 

Under  guardianship,  insane, 
convicted  of  treason  or  felony, 
unless  pardoned,  U.S.  soldiers, 
seamen,  and  marines. 

Convicted  of  bribery  or  other 
infamous  ofTence. 

Idiots,  lunatics,  paupers,  felons 
unless  pardoned  or  restored. 
U.  S.  soldier.s,  marines,  and 
seamen  (»h). 

fdiots.  insane,  convicted  of  trea- 
son or  crime  against  elective 
franchise, unle.-^s  pardoned  (.;\ 

Those  who  have  not  obtained 
the  approbation  of  the  local 
board  of  civil  authority. 

Idiots,  lunatics,  paupers  (/)  (./). 

Idiots,  lunatics,  convicted  of 
infamous  crimes,  Indians  not 
taxed. 

Paupers,  idiots,  lunatics,  con- 
victed of  treason,  felonj-,  or 
bribery  at  elections. 

Under  guardianship,  insane, 
convicted  of  crime  or  trea.son, 
betting  on  elections. 
10  dys  Idiots,  insane,  felons,  unable 
to  read  State  Constitution  in 
the  Ensrlisb  language. 


(rf) 


*  Australian  B.i!  lot  law  or  a  moditication  of  it  in  force,  t  IndiaiKmust  have  severed  tribal  relations.  §  One  year's  residen<e  in 
the  United  States  prior  to  election  required,  (a)  Women  can  vote  in  school  elections,  (c)  Ministers  in  charge  of  an  organized  church 
and  te.achers  of  public  schools  are  entitled  to  vote  after  six  months'  residence  in  the  State,  (il)  Actual  residence  in  the  precinct  or 
district  required,  (e)  Who  has  paid  six  months  before  election  any  poll-tax  then  due,  and  can  read  and  write  any  section  of  the  State 
Constitution,  or  can  show  that  he  owns  antl  has  paid  all  taxes  due  the  previous  year  on  property  in  the  State  asse-ised  at  $300  or  more. 
(f)Or  convicted  of  bribery,  embezzlement  of  public  f\inds,  trea.son,  for^rery,  perjury,  felony,  and  petty  larceny,  duellists  ami  abettors, 
unless  pardoned  bv  Lesislature.  (e)  Or  persons  non  compos  mentis,  sentence  to  State  Prison  for  one  year  or  more  lakes  away  right 
to  vote  until  restored  bv  General  Assembly,  under  suardianship.  (li)  Also  peisons  excused  from  paying  tax-'S  at  their  own 
request,  and  those  unable  to  read  the  State  Constitution  in  Engrlish,  or  write.  Cj)  No  soldier,  seaman,  or  marine  deemed  a 
resident  because  stationed  in  the  State,  (k)  Inhabitance  not  residence.  (H  Thirty  davs  in  election  district,  (in  >  And  any  per- 
son subject  to  poll-tax  who  f-iiled  to  pay  same  prior  to  Feb.  1  of  year  in  which  h«  offers  to  vote,  (n)  Must  be  resident  of  County 
to  vote  for  County  officers,  (o)  All  persons  unable  to  read  and  write,  and  whose  a^nrestor  was  not  entitled  to  vote  prior  to  Jan. 
1,  18fi7. 

In  \^ir?inia. — Voting  qualifications.  All  persons  who  six  months  before  the  election  have  paid  the-r State  poll-taxes  for  the 
three  preceding  years.  Also  any  person  who  served  in  time  of  war  in  the  amy  or  navy  of  the  United  States,  of  the  Confederate 
States,  or  of  any  State  of  the  United  States  or  of  the  Confederate  States. 

Residents  of  the  District  of  Columbia  never  had  the  right  to  vot^s  therein  for  national  officers,  or  on  other  matters  of  nstioQftl 
concern,  after  tho  Territ<)ry  gfjibraced  ia  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States  and  bec"»m«i  the  seat  of  the  general  sjoyernipent. 


242  Katlonal  Republican  League  of  the   United"  States. 


i^cQuirtmtnts  J^egatrtring  Bcfiisttatton  of  Uotcrs* 

(Coatinuation  of  ' '  Qualiticatioas  for  Voting, ' '  on  preceding  pages. ) 

TKTEreglstrationof  voters  is  required  in  the  States  of  Alabama.  California.  Colorado,  Connecticut, 
Delaware,   Florida,   Georgia,    Idabo.    Louisiana,    :Maiue,  Maryland.  Massachusetts.  Michigan,  Min- 
nesota. Mississippi  (four  months  before  election),  Montana.  Nevada,  New  Jersev,  New  York,  North 
Carolina,  Oregon,  8outb  Carolina,  Tennessee.  Utah.  Vermont,  Virginia,  Washington,  West  Virginia,  - 
Wisconsin,  Wyoming,  and  the  Territories  of  Arl/.oiia  and  New  Mexico. 

In  I'enns.vlvauia  voiei-s  are  registered  by  the  assessors.  If  any  voter  is  missed  by  assessors  and 
not  registered  lie  can  swear  in  his  vote. 

In  Ohio  it  is  required  in  cities  of  11,800  to  100,000  population  in  presidential  years:  aunuallj'in 
cities  of  100.000  or  over. 

In  Illinois  registration  of  voters  is  required  bj'  law,  and  in  Cook  County,  where  f 'bir^nsro  is  located, 
persons  not  registered  are  not  entitled  to  vote;  but  outside  of  Cook  Count.v  gen  rally  tlu'.v  can  vot^^  if 
not  registered  b.v  swearing  in  their  votes,  and  producing  one  witness,  a  householder  and  registered 
voter  of  the  voting  district,  as  to  their  qualirications  as  electors  severally. 

In  Iowa  in  cities  having 3,500  inlialiitants.     In  Nebraska  in  cities  of  ()ver7.0O0  inhabitants. 

In  Keutuck.v  in  all  incorporated  towns  <ind  cities,  in  Kansas  in  cities  of  the  liist  and  second  class, 
In  North  Dakota  in  cities  and  villages  of  800  inhabitants  and  over,  in  Ohio  in  cities  of  the  first  and 
second  class. 

In  Missouri  it  is  required  in  cities  of  25.000  inhabitants  and  over. 

In  Oklalioma  it  is  required  in  all  cities  having  a  population  in  excess  of  2. .500. 

In  Rhode  Island  nou- taxpayers  are  reciniied  to  register  yearly  before  June  80.  In  South  Dakota 
registration  is  required  prior  to  general  bieituial  elections. 

The  registration  of  voters  is  not  required  in  Aruansas,  Indiana,  New  Hampshire  or  Texas. 


Ix  the  United  states  women  possess  suffrage  upon  equal  terms  with  men  at  all  elections  in  four 
States:    In  W.voming,  established  in  1869;  in  Colorado, 1893;  in  Utah,  inl896,  and  in  Idaho,  in  1896. 

In  1907  the  Uliocle  Island  Jjegislatuie  rejected  a  bill  giving  women  full  sufhage.  In  June,  1906, 
Oretron  refused  to  adopt  a  woman  sutTrage  amendment  to  its  constitution  by  a  vote  of  47,075  to 
36,902. 

In  Kansas  women  possess  school  suffrage,  established  in  1861,  and  municipal  suffrage,  estab- 
lished in  1887. 

In  eighteen  additional  States  women  possess  school  suffrage:  In  Michigan  and  Slinnesota.  estab- 
lished in  1875;  in  New  Hampshire  and  Oregon  in  1878;  in  Massachusetts  In  1879;  in  New  ^ork  and 
Vermont  in  1880;  in  Nebraska  in  1883;  in  Wisco)isin  in  ll»0o:  in  Washin^cton  in  1886;  in  Arizona, 
MoMUina,  Isevv  Jersey,  North  Dakota,  and  South  Dakota  in  1887;  in  Connecticut  in  1893;  in  Ohio 
in  1894. 

I'wo  States  permit  women  to  vote  upon  the  issuance  of  municipal  bonds:  Montana,  established  in 
1887;  fowa,  in  1894. 

Louisiana  gave  all  women  taxpayers  the  suffrage  upon  all  questions  submitted  to  the  taxpayers  in 

In  1901  the  New  Vork  Legislature  passed  a  law  providing  that  "a  woman  who  possesses  the 
qualifications  to  vote  for  village  or  for  town  officers,  except  the  qualification  of  sex.  who  is  tli^  owner 
of  propert.v  in  the  village  assessed  upon  the  last  preceding  assessment  roll  thereof,  i.sentitled  to  vote 
upon  a  proposiiion  to  raise  money  by  tax  or  asse.ssment.  " 

InHreat  Britain  women  can  vote  for  all  olHcers  except  members  of  Parliament. 

In  .A.ustralia  and  New  Zealand  women  have  fullsutlrage;  also  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  Iceland  and 
Finland. 

In  Cape  Colony,  in  Canada,  in  Sweden,  and  in  parts  of  India  women  vote  on  various  terms  for 
municipal  or  school  ollicers. 

The  National  American  Woman's  Suffrage  Association— T?ev.  AnnaH.  Shaw,  Swarthmore,  Pa., 
President;  Vice- President-at- Large,  Mrs.  Florence  Kelley,  New  YorkCity;  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Kate  M.  Gordon,  New  Orleans,  La.;  Recording  Secretary.  Alice  Stone"^  Blackwell,  Boston,  Mass. ; 
Treasurer,  Harriet  Taylor  Upton,  Warren,  O. ;  Laura  Clay," Lexington,  Ky. ,  and  Dr.  Auuice  Jeffreys 
Myers,    Portlaml,    Ore.,    Auditors.      National  Headquarters,  Warren,  O. 

The  New  York  State  Association  Opposed  to  the  Lxtension  oi  the  Suffrage  to  Women  has  its 
Central  Committee  in  New  York  City.  Its  ollicers  are  us  follows:  IMrs.  Lvman  Abbott,  President; 
Mrs.  Arthur  yi.  l>od:fr>.  First  Vice-President;  Mrs.  K  ihu  Root,  INfr-s.  Richani  Watson  (iilder,  Mr.s. 
William  A.  Putnam,  ^Irs.  Philip  s.  Van  Patten,  ]\[ is.  C4eorge  D.  M!llHr,and  Mrs.  William  P.  Nortliriii>, 
Vice-Presidents;  JNIrs.  (ieorge  Waddiiigton,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  Georere  Phillips,  Secretary,  377  West 
End  Avenue,  New  York.  There  are  also  organizations  in  Ma.ssachusitts,  Illinois,  Oregon,  Iowa, 
and  Washington.  These  are  lonnded  with  the  object  of  testifying  to  legislative  committees  and 
tlirouirh  the  medium  of  the  public  press  that  the  opposition  to  woman  sntt rase  is  based  upon  what 
is  claimed  to  be  "the  intelhsent  conviction  of  the  majoritv  o.  representative  women  in  mII  lines  of 
social,  industrial,  and  domestic  progress."  Pamphlets  with  information  as  to  the  objects  of  the 
Associaiibn  may  be  had  from  the  Secretary. 


3?Catioual  iicpuijU'cau  ILcaijue  of  tJjc  sauitctr  .states. 

Thk  National  Republican  League  of  the  United  States  w.a."?  organized  in  Chickering  Hall.  New 
York  City.  December  15-17.  1887,  by  delegates  from  about  350  Republican  clubsof  the  United  .states, 
assembled  in  national  convention,  pursuant  to  a  call  issued  by  the  Repul)licau  Clnb  of  New  York 
Cit.v.  It  is  composed  of  the  Republican  clubs  of  the  Unite<l  States,  organized  b.v  States  and  united  in  a 
national  organization.  Its  purpose  is  "Ortranization  and  F.ducatiou."  It  ainas  to  enlist  recruits  for 
the  Republican  part.v,  particularly  the  vounger  men  and  Oie  "fii-st  voters."'  National  conventions 
h:ive  since  been  held  at  Baltimore,  1S,S!«;  Nashville.  1^90:  Cincinnati,  1891;  ]5n(Talo,  ls9'2;  Louis- 
vlllf-,  1.S93;  Denver,  1891;  Clevel.ind.  1.S95;  Milwaukc-.  1896;  Detroit,  ls97;  Omaha,  1  98  (bien- 
nial sessions  aft.-rward);  St.  Paul,  190();  Chicago.  1  02;  Indianapolis,  1904:  Philadel))hia.  19(J6. 
OmVer.v— President,  (ien.  E.  A.  McAluin.  New  \  '><v  i  ii  v  •,  Sec.rer.aiv.Ch«nnc«''  De\vev..^uv^(nia«\\h*»<» 
Qi  Commerce  Building,  Chicago,  111. 


Democratic   Kational  and   State    Committees. 


243 


Bemocvatfc  National  antf  .State  (S^ommittccs. 

DEMOORATIO  NATIONAL  COMMITTEE. 


Appointed  by  the  Democratic  National 

Chairman Thos.  Taggart.  .  .Indianapolis. 

Secretary Urey  Woodson Owensboro.Ky. 

Alabama H.  D.  Clayton Eufaula. 

Alaska Artlmr  K.  Dalany. Juneau. 

Arizona Ben.  M.  Crawford.  .Phcenix. 

Arkansas Wm.  H.  Martin...   Little  Rock. 

California M.  F.   Tarpey Alameda. 

Colorado John  I.  MuUins..  ..Denver. 

Connecticut H.  S.  Cummings. .  .Stamford. 

Delaware R.  R.  Kenney  Dover. 

Dist.  of  Col James  L.  Norris. .  .Washington, 

Florida Jeff'son  B.  Browne.Jacksonville. 

Georgia Clark  Howell Atlanta. 

Hawaii Palmer  P.  Woods.. Honolulu. 

Idaho Simon  P.Donnelly. Coeur  d'Alene. 

Illinois Roger  C.  Sullivan.. Chicago. 

Indiana Thomas  Taggart. .  .Indianapolis. 

Indian Territory.R.  L.  Williams.  ...Muscogee. 

A.  Walsh*... Ottumwa. 

H.  Atwood..Topeka 


Iowa Chas 

Kansas. John 


Kentucky Urey  Woodson Owensboro. 


Louisiana N.  C. 

Maryland L.V. 

Massachusetts...  .Wm. 

Michigan D.  J. 

Minnesota T.  T. 


Blanchard. .  .Shreveport. 
Banghman  t. Baltimore. 
A.  Gaston. , . .  Boston. 

Campau Detroit. 

Hudson St.  Paul 


Convention  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  July,  1904. 

Mississippi C.  H,  Williams..  ..Jackson. 

Missouri Win.  A.  Roth  well.  Moberly. 

Montana C.  W.  Hoffman Helena. 

Nebraska J.  C.  Dahlman Omaha. 

Nevada John  H.  Dennis. .  .Reno. 

Ni-W  Hampshire. True  L.  Norris Portsmouth. 

New  Jersey W.  B.  Gourley Paterson. 

New  Mexico H.  B.  Fergusson.  ..Santa  Fe. 

New  York N.  E.  Mack Buffalo. 

North  Carolina. . .  Josephus  Daniels. .Raleigh. 

North  Dakota H.  D.  Allert Bismarck. 

Ohio Tom  L.  Johnson  ..Cleveland. 

Oklahoma R.  A.  Billups Cordell. 

Pennsylvania J.  M.  Guffey Pittsburgh. 

Rhode  Island. .  ..G.  W.  Greene Woonsocket. 

South  Carolina. ..B.  R.  Tillman Trenton. 

South  Dakota.... E.  S.  Johnson Pierre. 

Tennessee R.  E.  Mountcastle. Nashville. 

Texas R.  M.  Johnston Houston. 

Utah D.  H.  Peery Salt  Lake  City 

Vermont B.  B.  Smalley Burlington. 

Virginia J.  Taylor  Ellyson.. Richmond. 

Washington John  Y.  Terry Seattle. 

West  Virginia.  ..John  T.  McGraw..  Graf  ton. 

Wisconsin T.  E.  Ryan Waukesha. 

Wyoming J.  E.  Osborne Rawlins. 


Resigned.        t  Deceased. 


DEMOCRATIC  STATE  COMMITTEES. 


States. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia , 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa  

Kansas  

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massaclmsetts  *. . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi* 

Missouri ... 

Montana* 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire.. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  Vork , 

North  Carolina. . . 
North  Dakota*... 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania.. . .. 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina  *. 
South  Dakota. . .. 

Tennessee  * 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia..., 

Wisconsin , 

Wyoming  • 


Chairmen. 


H.  S.  D    Mallory 

J.  F.  Rutherford 

Timothy  Spellacy 

Milton  Smith 

Chas.  W.  Comstock. . . 

Thos.  F.  Bayard 

Duncan  U.  Fletcher  . . 

A.  L.  Miller 

H.  W.  Lockhart 

Chas.  Boescheustein.. 

W.  H.  O'Brien 

C.  W.  Miller 

W.  H.  Ryan 

Louis   McQuown 

Charles  Janvier 

E.  L.  Jones 

Murray    Vandiver 

John  P.  Feeney 

John  T.  Winship 

Frank  A.  Day 

O.  L.   Loraax 

W.  N.  Evans  

David  G.  Browne 

T.  S.   Allen 

J.  L.  Considine 

T.  H.   Madigan,  Jr.... 
Robert  S.  Hudspeth... 

A.  A.  Jones 

Wm,  J.  Conners  

H.  G.  Chatham 

J.  L.  Cashel 

Harvey  C.  Garber 

J.  B.  Thompson 

Alex.   Sweek 

G.  W.  Dimeiing 

F.  E,  Fitzsimmons 

Wilie  Jones 

Harry  Wentzy 

H.  B.  Morrow 

George  A,  Garden. 

Lyman  R.  Martineau. , 

Emory  S     Harris 

J.  Taylor  Ellyson 

A.  R.  Tit  low.. y. 

John  T   McGraw 

H.  H.  Manson 

F.  D    Hammond I 


Post-Offices.       I 


Secretaries. 


Selma 

Pine  Bluff 

Bakerslield 

Denver 

Norwich 

Wilmington.  .... 

Jacksonville 

Macon 

Pocatello 

Edwardsville .... 
Lawrence  burg  .. 

Waverly 

Girard 

Frankfort 

New  Orleans 

Waterville , 

Havre  de  Grace  , 

Woburn 

Saginaw 

St.  Paul 

Greenwood 

West  Plains 

Fort  Benton 

Lincoln  

Reno ,,... 

Concord 

Jersey  City 

East  Las  Vegas.. 

Buffalo 

Elkin 

Grafton 

Columbus 

Pauls  Valley  .... 

Portland 

Clearfield. ..>.... 

Lonsdale 

Columbia 

Pukwana 

Nashville 

Dallas 

Salt  Lake  City... 

Bennington 

Richmond 

Tacoma 

Grafton 

Wausau 

Casper 


E.  W.  Petus,  Jr 

Jno.  H.  Page 

Thos.  J.  Walsh 

JohnT.  Barnett 

E.  S.  Thomas 

James  Lord 

Herbert  L.  Dodd 

Chas.  H.  Hall 

Chas.  E.  Arney 

D.  J.  Hogan 

Jos.  li.  Reiley 

J.  F.  McGinty 

W.  H.  L.  Pepperell... 

Percy  Haly 

Robert  S.  Landry 

Dennis  E.  Bowman 

Lloyd  Wilkinson 

Geo.  T.  McLaughlin.. 

A.  R.  Cantield , 

Ed.  A.  Stevens 

L.  P.  Haley 

R.  W.  Napier 

Thos.  C.  Kurtz 

H.  S.  Daniels 

J  G.  Driscoll 

John  B.  Jameson..   . 
William  K.Devereux., 

W.  B.  Walton 

John  W.  Potter 

Alex.  J.  Feild 

E.  A.  McCann 

W.  L.  Finley 

W.  L.  Chapman 

J.  B.  Ryan 

P.  Gray  Meek 

Peter  J.  Gaskin. 

J.  T.  Parks 

H.  E.  Hitchcock 

E.  A.  Adams 

J.  C.  McNealus 

John  E.  Clark 

Henry  Con  1  in 

J.N.   Brenaman 

Carl  Eshelman 

J.  Carl  Vance 

W.C.  Brawley 

Warren  Galvin • 


Post-Offices. 


Selma. 

Little  Rock. 

San  Francisco. 

Ouray. 

New  Haven. 

Dover. 

Lake  City. 

Macon» 

Boise. 

Geneva. 

Indianapolis. 

Knowlton. 

Concordia. 

Frankfort. 

New  Orleans. 

Waterville. 

Baltimore. 

Sandwich. 

Clare. 

Minneapolis. 

Okolona. 

Hamilton. 

Helena. 

Omaha, 

Reno. 

Antrim. 

Asbury  Park. 

Silver  City. 

Marcy. 

Raleigh^ 

Grafton. 

Columbus. 

Shawnee. 

Portland". 

Bellefonte. 

Valley  Falls. 

Columbia. 

Mitchell. 

Lebanon. 

Dallas. 

Salt  Lake  City, 

Winooski. 

Richmond. 

Tacoma. 

Clarksburg. 

Wausau. 

Rawlins. 


*  Committees  subject  to  revision  in  States  marked  *. 


244 


Re^^uhllcan  National  and  State   Committees. 


i^epulJlican  tisratioual  antr  .State  (il^ommfttres. 


REPaBLICAN  NATIONAL  COMMITTEE. 
Appointed  by  the  Republican  National  Convention  at  Chicago,  June,  1904. 


Chairman Harry  S.  New.  . .  .Indianapolis. 

Secretary Elmer  Dover 911  Col  or  a  do 

Bld.,Washing'n 

Treasurer. Cornelius  N.  Bliss. .New  York. 

Alabama Chas.  II.  Scott Montgomery. 

Alaska John  G.  Heid Junenu, 

Arizona W.  S.  Sturges Phoenix. 

Arkansas Powell  Clayton ilurek a  Springs 

California George  A.  Knight.. San  Francisco. 

Colorado A.M.  Stevenson. .  .Denver. 

Connecticut Chas.  F.  Brooker.  .Ansonia. 

Delaware John  E.  Addicks..  .Wilmington 

Dist.  Columbia.  .Robert  Reyburn. .  .Washington. 

Florida J.  N.  Coombs Apalachicola. 

Georgia Judson  W.  Lyons.  .Augusta. 

Hawaii A.G. M.Robertson. .Honolulu. 

Idaho W.  B.  Hey  burn Wallace. 

Illinois Frank  O.  Lowden. .Chicago. 

Indiana Harry  S.  New Indianapolis. 

Indian  Ter P.  L.  Soper Vinita. 

Iowa Ernest  E.  Hart Council  Bluffs. 

Kansas,  t David  W.  Mulvane.Topeka. 

Kentucky John  W.  Yerkes. .  .Danville. 

Louisiana Pearl  Wright New  Orleans. 

Maine John  F.  Hill Augusta. 

Maryland S.  A.  Williams Baltimore. 

Massachusetts.  ..W.  Murray  Crane.. Dalton. 

Michigan John  W.  Blodgett. .Grand  Rapids. 

Minnesota Frank  B.  Kellogg..  St.  Paul. 


Mississippi L.  B.  Moseley 

Missouri Thomas  J.  Aikens. 

Montana John  D.  Waite 

Nebraska.. Chas.  H.Morrill... 

Nevada P.  L.  Flanigan 

New  Hampshire. Frank  S.  Streeter. . 

New  Jersey Franklin  Murphy.. 

New  Mexico Solomon  Luna 

New  York Wm.  L.  Ward 

North  Carolina.. E.  C.  Duncan 

North  Dakota Alex.  McKenzie... 

Ohio Myron  T.  Herrick  . 

Oklahoma O.  M.  Cade 

Oregon Chas.  H.  Carey 

Pennsylvania.  ...Boies  Penrose 

Philippines Henry  B.  McCoy.. . 

Porto  Rico.  ......Robert  H.  Todd.. 

Rhode  Island.. ..Charles  R.Brajton 

South  Carolina.. John  6.  Capers... 

South  Dakota..  ..J.  M.  Greene 

Tennessee W.  P.  Brownlow. . 

Texas Cecil  A.  Lyou 

Utah C.  E.  Loose 

Vermont James  W.  Brock. . , 

Virginia George  E.  Bowden 

Washington Levi  Ankeny 

West  Virginia. . .  N.  B.  Scott 

Wisconsin Joseph  P.  Baboock 

Wyoming Geo.  E.  Peiton..., 


Jackson. 
St.  Louis. 
Lewiston. 
Lincoln. 
Reno. 
Concord. 
Newark, 
Los  Lunas. 
Port  Chester. 
Raleigh. 
Bismarck. 
Cleveland. 
Shawnee. 
Portland. 
Philadelphia. 
Manila. 
San  Juan. 
Providence. 
.Charleston. 
Chamberlain. 
.  Jonesboro. 
.Sherman. 
Provo. 

.Montpelier. 
.Norfolk. 
•  Walla  Walla. 
Wheeling. 
Necedah. 
Evanston. 


REPUBLICAN  STATE  COMMITTEES. 


States. 


Alabama  *. . 
Arkansas .... 
California... 
Colorado*  . ., 
Connecticut. 
Delaware.... 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois. 


Chairmen. 


Jos.  O.  Thompson. 

F.  W.  Tucker 

Geo.  Stone  

John  F.  Vivian 

Michael  Kenealy.. 

T.  O.  Du  Pont 

Henry  S.  Chubb.. 
W.  H.  Johnson . . . . 
Roy  O.  West. 


Indiana.. I  James  P.  Goodrich. 

Iowa* |F.  P.  Woods 

Kansas. ' J.  T.  Moore 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland* 

Massachusetts. . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri* 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada* 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey  * 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . 
North  Dakota.... 

Ohio 

Oklahoma  * 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania.. . . 
Rhode  Island  *. 


R.  P.  Ernst 

F.  B.  Williams 

SethM.  Carter 

John  B.  Hanna 

Geo.  H.  Doty 

Gerrit  J.  Diekeiua 

A.    B.  Cole 

Fred.  W.  Collins 

Thos.  K.  N  i  edr  inghaus. 

Fletcher  Maddox 

William  Hayward.... 

Geo.F.  Turrittin 

Jacob  H.  Gallinger 

Frank  O.  Briggs 

H.  O.  Bursum 

Timothy  L.Woodruff. . 

S.  B.  Adams  ..    

L.  B.  Hanna 

Oharles  Dick 

Jake  L.  Harmon 

G.  A.  Westgate 

W.  R.  Andrews 

H.  J.  Gross , 

Edmund  H.  Deas 


Post-OflBces. 


South  Carolina. 

South  Dakota |  W.  C.  Cook 

Tennessee I  Newell  Sanders 


Texas . 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington.  .. 
West  Virginia. 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Cecil  A.  Lyon 

Wesley  K.  Walton  ... 
Thad.  M.  Chapman.. 

C.  B.  Slemp 

Ellisde  Bruler 

H.  O.  Woodyard 

W.  D.Connor 

Chas.  W.   Burdiok... 


Birmingham  ... 

Little  Rock 

San  Francisco. . 

Denver 

Stamford 

Wilmington. ... 

Gainesville 

Atlanta 

Chicago 

Indianapolis  ... 

Estherville 

Pittsburgh 

Cincinnati 

Patterson 

Lewiston 

Bel  Air 

Boston 

Holland 

Fergus  Falls... 

Summit 

•St.  Louis 

Great  Falls.... 
Nebraska  Oity  . 

Reno 

Concord 

Trenton  

Socorro 

New  York  City. 

Greensboro 

Fargo: 

Akron 

Lawton 

Albany 

Meadville 

Providence 

Darlington 

Plankinton 

Chattanooga  ... 

Sherman 

Salt  Lake  City  . 
Middlebury .  ... 
Big  Stone  Gap.. 

Seattle 

Spencer 

.Marshfield 

Cheyenne 


Secretaries. 


Wm. 
D.  E. 
Chas 
T.V. 


N.  L.  Steele 

W.  S.Holt 

E.  F.  Woodward 

Samuel  H.  Wood 

George  E.  Hinman.... 
Frank  L.  Speakman... 

Joseph  E.  Lee 

John  H.  Deveaux 

Edward  St.  Clair 

Carl  Riddick 

C.  F.  Franke 

Clyde  W.  Miller 

Alvis  S.  Bennett 

M.J.  McFarlane 

Byron  Boyd 

John  C.  Simering.  ... 

M.  Flanders  .... 

Alward 

H.  Warner 

McAllister 

Joseph  McCoy... 

Chas.  E.  Wight 

F.  P.  Carrick 

A.  N.  Salisbury 

L,  A.  Thorp 

J   Herbert  Potts 

Chas.  V.  Safford 

Lafayette  B.  Gleason. 

W.  S.  Pearson 

M.  H.  Jewell 

John  R.  Malloy 

V.  W.  Whiting , 

S   0.  Spencer 

John  R.  Williams 

Nathan  M.  Wright... 

W.  F.  Myers 

J.  S.  Wingfield 

Iiiee  Brock,  Act,  Sec. . 

Walter  E.  Baker 

George  B.  Squires.... 
Frederick  S.  Piatt... 

G«o.  L.  Hart 

J.  W,  Lysons , 

Virsil  L.  Highland... 

James  E.  Thomas 

Rnhert  P    P''nller , 


Post- Offices. 

Birmingham. 

Little  Rock. 

San  Francisco. 

Denver. 

Willimantio. 

Wilmington. 

Jacksonville. 

Savannah. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

Parkersburg, 

Osage  City 

Louisville. 

New  Orleans. 

Augusta. 

Baltimore. 

Boston. 

Clare. 

Aitkin. 

Vicksburg; 

St.  Iiouis. 

Anaconda. 

Lincoln. 

Reno. 

Manchester. 

Jersey  City. 

Sante  Fe. 

New  York  Oity. 

Morganton. 

Bismarck. 

Columbus. 

Enid. 

Portland. 

Scranton. 

Providence. 

Columbia, 

MitclielL 

Nashville, 

Sherman, 

Salt  Lake  Oity. 

Poultney, 

Roanoke. 

Olympia. 

Clarksburg. 

Waukesha. 

Cheyenne. 


*  Oommittees  subject  to  revision  in  States  marked  *, 


Socialist  Party  National  Committee.  2-45 


J^roJilJition  }pacta>  National  (2tommittte. 

Chairman •. CHARLES  R.  JONES,  Evanston,  III. 

Vice-chairman A.  G.  WolfeNBAHGER,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

Secretary W.  G.  Caluebwood,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Treasurer Felix  T.  McWhirter,  Indianapolia,  Ind. 

Arizona— Frank  J.  Sibley,  Tucson  ;  J.  O.  Watson.  Phoenix.  Arkansas— J.  M.  Parker,  Dardanelle; 
H.  Brady,  Beebe.  California— A.  B.  Taynton,  Oakland;  Fred.  F.  Wheeier,  Los  Angeles.  Colorado— John 
Hipp,  Denver;  J,  N.  ScouUer,  Denver.  Conneotiout— Frederick  G.  Piatt,  New  Britain;  E.  L  G.  Hoh- 
enthal.  South  Manchester.  Delaware— George  W.Todd,  Wilmington;  Ashton  R.  Tatum,  Wilmington. 
Florida— A.  L.  Izler,  Ocala;  Francis  Trueblood,  Bradentown.  Georgia— R.  S.  Cheves,  Zenith.  Idaho- 
Silas  S.  Gray.  Star;  Herbert  A.  Lee,  Weiser.  Illinois— Oliver  W.  Stewart.  Chicago;  Frank  S.  Regan, 
Rockford.  Indiana— Felix  T.  McWhirter,  Indianapolis:  Charles  Eckhart,  Auburn.  Iowa— A.  U.  Coates, 
Perry;  Malcolm  Smith,  Cedar  Rapids,  Kansas— Earle  R,  De  Lay,  Emporia  ;  T.  D.  Talmadge,  Hut- 
chinson. Kentucky— T.  B.  Demaree,  Nicholasville;  J.  D.  Smith,  Paducah.  Louisiana— E.  E.  Israel, 
Batou  Rouge;  Walter  Miller,  New  Orleans.  Maine— Volney  B.  Gushing,  Bangor;  Nathan  F.  Wood- 
bury, Auburn.  Mnrylaad- Finley  C.  Hendrickson,  Cumberland;  John  N.  Parker,  Baltimore.  Massa- 
chusetts—John B.  Lewis,  Jr.,  Boston;  Herbert  S.  Morley,  Baldwinville.  Michigan— Samuel  Dickie, 
Albion;  Fred.  W.  Corbett,  Adrian.  Minnesota— Bernt  B.  Haugan,  Fergus  Falls;  George  W,  Hig- 
gins,  Minneapolis.  Missouri— Charies  E,  Stokes,  Kansas  City;  H,  P.  Faris,  Clinton,  Nebraska— L.  O. 
Jones,  Lincoln;  A.  G.  Wolfeubarger,  Lincoln.  New  Hampshire — Ray  C.  Durgin,  Nashua  ;  L.  F.Richard- 
son, Peterboro.  New  Jersey— Joel  G.  Van  Cise.  Summit;  W.  H.  Nicholson.  Haddonheld.  New  York 
—William  T.  Wardwell,  New  York;  J.  H.  Durkee,  Rochester.  North  Carolina— Edwin  Shaver,  Salis- 
bury; J.  M  Templeton,  Cary.  North  Dakota— Theo.  E.  Ostlund,  Hillsboro;  M.  H.  Kiff,  Tower  Oity. 
Ohio— H.  F.  MacLane,  ToIedo;Robert  Candy,  Columbus.  Oklahoma— Charles  Brown,  Cherokee;  J. 
M  Monroe,  Oklahoma  City.  Oregon— F.  McKercher.  Portland ;  W.  P.  Elmore,  Brownsville.  Penn- 
sylvania—A. A.  Stevens,  Tyrone;  Charles  R.  Jones.  Philadelphia.  Rhode  Island— C,  H.  Tilley,  Provi- 
dence; Smith  Quimby,  Hills  Grove.  South  Dakota — C.  V.  Templeton,  Woonsocket;  F.  J.  Carlisle, 
Brookings.  Tennessee — James  A.  Tate,  Harriman ;  A.  D,  Reynolds,  Bristol.  Texas  —  J.  B.  Cranfill, 
Dallas:  £.  C.  Heath,  Rockwall.  Vermont— S.  M.  Harris,  Vergennes ;  Fred.  L.  Page,  Barre.  Vir- 
ginia— G.  M.  Smithdeal,  Richmond:  James  W.  Bodley,  Staunton.  Washington— R.  E.  Dunlap,  Se- 
attle; W.  H.  Roberts,  Latah.  West  Virginia— Edward  W.  Mills,  Fairmont;  U.  A.  Clayton,  Fair- 
mont. Wisconsin— J.  E.  Clayton,  Milwaukee;  Alfred  Gabrielson,  Eau  Claire.  Wyoming— Lemuel  L. 
Laughlin,  Toltee ;  C.J.  Sawyer,  Laramie. 


33roplc\9  J3arts  j^^attonal  (Kommtttee* 

Chairman ,♦.... Jamks  H.  Ferriss,  Joliet,  111. 

Vice-Chairnum W.  S.  Morgax,  Hardy,  Ark. 

Secretary Chari^es  Q.  De  Francs,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

Ti-easurtr Gkorqe  F.  Washburn,  Boston,  Mass. 


cSocialist  ILalJot  }3att»  tl^Cational  (Hommitttt. 

Frank  Bohn*,  National  Secretary,  28  City  Hall  Place,  New  Y'ork  City.  The  National  Executive 
Committee  is  composed  of  Olive  M.  Johnson,  Fruitvale,  Cal.;  Joseph  iviarek,  New  Haven,  Conn.; 
C.  A.  Jenuin?,  E.  St.  Louis.  111.;  Joseph  Matz,  Indianapolis,  Ind.;  J.  H.  Arnold,  Louisville,  Ky.; 
Arthur  E.  Reimer,  So.  Boston,  Ma.s.s. ;  Herman  Richter,  Hamtramck,  Mich.;  William  Foy, 
Minneapolis,  Minu.;0.  M.  Howard,  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  Julius  Eck,  Hoboken,  N.  J.;  Peter  Jacob.son, 
Yonkers,  N.  Y.;  John  Kircher,  Cleveland,  O. ;  D.  E.  Gilchrist,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  A.  S.  Dowler, 
Kl  Paso,  Tex.;  Steve  Brearcliff,  Seattle,  Wash.;  Frank  R,  W^ilke,  Milwaukee,  Wis.;  J.  E.  Schmidt, 
Roanoke,  Va.     The  recording  secretary  of  the  committee  is  Edmund  SeideL 

The  party  is  organized  in  local  organizations  known  as  "sections. ' '  such  sections  existing  in  thirty 
States.  Any  seven  persons  in  any  city  or  town  of  the  United  States  may  form  a  section,  providing 
they  acknowledge  the  platform  and  constitution  of  the  Socialist  Labor  party  and  do  not  belong  to  any 
other  political  party.  In  places  where  no  section  exists,  or  where  none  can  be  formeu,  any  person 
complying  with  the  aforesaid  provisions  may  become  a  member-at-large  upon  application  to  the 
National  Executive  Committee.  Sections  are  not  permitted  to  charge  initiation  fees.  All  questions 
of  importance  arising  within  the  party  are  decided  by  general  vote.  At  each  meeting  of  the  section 
a  chairmau  is  elected,  and  the  same  rule  holds  good  with  all  standing  committees. 


Socialist  3|art»  National  (Committee, 

J.  Mahlon  Barnes.  National  Secretary.  269  Dearborn  .Street, Chicago.  This  organization, known 
nationally  as  the  Socialist  Party,  is  officially  known  as  the  Social  Democratic  Party  in  Wisconsin,  and 
the  Public  Ownership  Party  in  Minnesota,  to  conform  to  the  election  laws  in  those  States.  The 
National  Executive  Committee  is  composed  of  seven  men,  elected  by  a  national  referendum  of  party 
members.  The  national  secretary  is  elected  in  like  manner.  The  "term  of  olfice  is  one  year.  The 
following  are  the  members  of  the  National  Executive  Committee:  Robert  Bandlow,  Cleveland; 
Ohio;  A.H.Floaten,  Fort  Collins.  Colo.;  Chas.  H.  Kerr,  Chicago,  111.  ;  William  Mailly,  New  York, 


N.  Y".  ;  A.  M.  Simons,  Chicago,  111.  ;  Chas.  G.  Towner,  Newport,  Kv.  ;  John  M.  Work,  Des  Moines, 
la.  The  national  committee  is  composed  of  representatives  from  each  organized  State  or  Territory, 
of  which  there  are  thirty-nine.  Representation  is  as  follows:  "Each  State  or  Territory  shall  be  rep- 
resented on  the  national  committee  by  one  member  and  by  an  additional  member  for  every  one 
thousand  members  or  major  fraction  thereof  in  good  standing  in  the  party."  The  apportionment  is 
made  by  the  national  secretary  at  the  beginning  of  each  vear,  based  upon  the  dues  received  from  the 
respective  States.  The  representative  to  the  Imernational  Socialistic  Bureau  is  Morris  Hillquit,  320 
Broadway,  New  York  City. 


246 


Principles  of  the  Independence  League. 


J^cmtjcrs  of  jJCrto   ¥orfe   IScmocratic  <^tatc   (Srommfttte 


WITH    POST-OFFICE    ADDRESSES. 


Dist 
I 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
2-2. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 


Kame  and  Address. 

Edwin  Bailey Patfhogne 

Jos.  Cassidv Long  Isluiui  ("ity 

M.  J.  C"nmmings...428  Herirv  Street,  Brooklyn 
John  AV.  Wel)ber.... 404  Hart  Stn^et,  Brooklyn 

Thomas  F.  Wogan 669  2(1  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

M.  E.  Butler 533 3(1  street,  Brooklyn 

P.  H.  McCarren 97  Berry  Street,  Brooklyn 

John  L.  Shea.. 278  Je/lerson  .Vvenue,  Brooklyn 
("onrad  Hasenflug...493  Hart  Street,  Brooklyn 
James  P.Sinnott.llS  Arlinj^tou  Ave.,  Brooklyn 
Daniel  E.  Finn.  .569  IJroonie  street.  New  York 
John  T.  Oakley... 234  K.  13tli  Street,  New  York 

D.  F.Cohalan 147  Spring  Street,  New  York 

(Mia,s.  F.  Murphy,  305  P:.  17th  Street,  New  York 

William  Dalton Hotel  York,  New  York 

Maurice  Featherson,358  E.  79th  St.,  New  York 

Thos.  E.   ^ush 122  E.82d  street,  New  York 

Jas.  J.  Hagan...l64  "W.  64th  Street,  New  York 
Thos.  F.  McAvov. .  .456  W.  163d  St. ,  New  York 
Jas.  J.  Frawlev.'.....180  E.  95th  St. ,  New  Yoik 
Eugene  J.  McGuire,618  E.  138th  St. ,  New  York 
Louis  F.  HafTen.  ..524  E.  162d  Street,  New  York 

Michael  J.  Walsh Y'onkers 

A  rt h u r  A.  McLean Newbu rgh 

Bobert  W.  Chanler Poughkeepsie 

Judson  A.  Belts Catskill 


Dist.  Kama  and  A.dilre8s. 

27.  Stephen  Rj'an Norwich 

28.  Patrick  E.  McOabe,  122  Morton  Street,  Albany 

29.  Franci«  J.  Molloy Troy 

30.  John  Anderson,  Jr Newcomb 

31.  Frank  Cooper Schenectady 

32.  Robert  Wemple Fultonvllle 

?&.  Clinton  Beckvvith Herkimer 

34.  (ieorge  Hall Ogdensburg 

:^i.   J.  M.  FitzgeraUl Sacket's  Harbor 

,36.  John  W.  Potter Marcy 

37.   Charles  N.  Bulger Oswego 

VA    William  Raffert  v.  White  Mem.  Bldg.  Syracuse 

39.  Henrv(T.  Jackson Blnghamton 

40.  Daniel  Sheehan EI  ml  ra 

41.  Calvin  J.  Hnson Penn  Yan 

42.  Charles  P.  Williams Lyons 

43.  James  E.  Schwarzenbach Horriellsville 

44.  FletcherC.  Peck Nnnda 

45.  T.  W.  FInucane,  20  Portsmouth  Sq.,  Rochester 

46.  Jacob  Gerling.. ..5  North  WaterSt.,  Rochester 

47.  Oeorge  W.  Batten Lockport 

48.  John  J.  Kennedy Buffalo 

49.  Henry  P.  Burghard Buffalo 

50.  Matt.'C.  INferzig Buffalo 

5L  James  O.  Beuuett Silver  Creek 


JEcmtirrfii    of   l^t\x^  ¥ot1fe  HrpiitJlfcan  State  (^ommCttrr 


iWITH    POST-OFFICE    ADDRESSES. 


DiBt.  Name  and  Address. 

1.  John  J.  Bartlett Greenport 

2.  Harry  Jaquillard,  389  So.  3d  Street,  Brooklyn 
Lewis  M.  Swasey,  42  Herkimer  St.,  Brooklyn 
Jacob  A.  liivingston,  2264  Pitkin  Ave.,  B'klyn 
F.  J.  H.  Kracke,  11  Kenmore  Place,  Brooklyn 
Timothy  L.  Woodruff,  94  Eighth  Ave.^, B'klyn 
Michael  J.  Dady,  40  Court  Street. ..  Brooklyn 

George  Cromwell New  Brighton,  S.  I. 

Chai-les  H.  Murray 115  Broadway,  N.  Y. 

Samuel  S.  Koenig  ...63  Park  Row,  New  York 
William  Halpin,  318  West  29th  St. .  New  York 

12.  John  S.  Shea.  146  East  30th  Street,  New  York 

13.  Henry  E.  O'Brien,  45  Broadway,  New  Y'ork 
Joseph  H.  De  Bragga,137  Smith  St.,  Evergreen 
William  Harris  Douglass,  11  Broadway,  N.  Y. 
Samuel  Krulewitch.  21  East  I08th  St,  N.  Y'. 
Moses  M.  McKee  275  W.  140th  St.,  New  York 
Wm.  H.Ten  Evck,  378  Molt  Ave.,  New  York 

William  L.    Ward Port  Chester 

Benjamin  B.  Odell,  Jr Newburgh 


8. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
IL 


14, 
IB. 
16. 
17. 

18. 
19. 
20. 


Di.st.  Name  and  Addresi. 

21.  Louis  F.  Payn Chatham 

22.  Cornelius  V.  Collins Troy 

23.  William  Barnes,  Jr Albany 

24.  Horace  G.  Tennant Schoharie 

25.  John  K.  Stewart Amsterdam 

26.  .lohn  F.  O'Brien Plattsbnrgh 

27.  Daniel  F.  Strobel Herkimer 

28.  John  T.  Mott Oswego 

29.  Francis  Hendricks Syracuse 

SO.  George  W.  Dunn Bingliamton 

31.  Charles  H.  Beits TiVons 

32.  George  W.  Aid  ridge Rochester 

33.  J.  Sloat  Fassett Elmira 

34.  John  A.  Merritt Lockoort 

35.  John  Grimm,  Jr.,  12  Walnut  Street,  Buftalo 

36.  John  G.  W  ckser 266  Pearl  Street,  Buffalo 

37.  George  H.  Witter. WellsvlUe 

Additional  Member: 
Charles  W.  Audersou,203  W.  looihSt.,New  York 


JJrfnciplc.Q   of  t!jc  JJn^cpcnTrrnce  ILcauur, 


\ 


Thr  certificate  of  incorporation  of  the  Independence  League,  dated  New  York,  December  9, 
190.5,  stiites  that  the  objects  sought  by  the  organization  are: 

"Voluntarily  to  obtain  and  promote  by  educational  means  aud  political  action  such  legislation  as 
will  secure  Independence  among  electors. 

*'.\n  administration  of  government  independent  of  corporate  and  corrupt  influences. 

*  'The  application  of  public  property  to  public  u.se.s. 

"Effective  control  by  the  people  of  political  parties. 

".A.nd  to  these  ends  to  especially  support  electoral  reforms  securing  an  intelligent  and  fair  ballot, 
the  direct  nomination  of  candid.-ites  for  public  office  by  the  people,  the  abolition  of  corrupt  practices, 
the  public  ownership  and  operation  of  those  public  utilities,  which,  in  their  nature  are  natural  mon- 
opolies; the  relief  of  labor  and  capital  from  unju.st  burdens,  thus  securing  the  increased  production  of 
wealth,  just  wages  and  fair  hours  for  those  who  labor,  and  the  abolition  of  private  monopoly— to  the 
end  that  equal  rights  may  be  secured  to  all  and  espo(fial  privileges  be  granted  to  none  and,  further,  to 
unite  in  a  common  movement  all  societies  and  a.ssociations  organized  for  like  purposes,  and  to  establish 
branches  of  the  League  throughout  the  State  of  New  York  and  the  United  States  of  America. ' ' 


Election  Reform  Jjegislation  in  1907.  247 


25Icction  Hcforiu  ILt^inUtitwx  in  1907. 

The  following  statement  of  legislation  in  the  several  States  in  1007  revising  general 
and  primary  election  methods  was  made  by  the  Hon.  Alton  B.  Parker,  president  of  the 
American  Bar  Association,  in  his  address  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  association  at  Port- 
land.  Me.,   August,   1007: 

Election  reform  is  still  a  subject  for  legislative  consideration,  but  the  emphasis  has 
bpen  largely  shifit-d  from  the  election  to  the  control  over  nominations.  Nearly  all  of  the 
States  now  regulate  the  choice  of  delegates  to  conventions.  A  new  idea  which  has  found 
favor  -rtuh  a  number  of  Legi.slatures  is  that  of  direct  nominations.     Under  these 

PRIMARY    ELECTION    LAWS 

the  conventions  are  more  or  less  superseded,  and  the  voter  directly  indicates  his  choice. 
Such  laws  recently  enacted  vary  principally  as  to  the  vote  necessary  to  nominate,  the  meth- 
ods by  which  platforms  a)-e  adopted  and  the  degree  of  control  left  to  the  governing  bodies 
of  the  parties.  There  seems  to  be,  however,  a  considerable  tendency  to  abandon  the  theory 
that  a  political  party  is  a  voluntary  organization  subject  to  its  own  rules  and  regulations, 
and   to  substitute   a   rather  complete   statutory   regulation. 

In  Indiana  the  law  passed  in  1U07  is  mandatoi-y  in  counties  having  within  their 
limits  cities  of  36,(X)0  population  or  over,  and  optional  in  other  counties.  It  does  not  apply 
to  candidates  for  National,  Congressional,  State,  or  District  offices.  Primaries  for  all  parties 
are  heid  together,  but  each  voter  must  announce  the  party  whose  ticket  he  desires  to  vote. 
If  challenged  on  the  ground  that  he  is  not  an  adherent  of  that  party,  he  may  make  an  affi- 
davit that  at  the  last  election  he  voted  for  a  majority  of  the  candidates  of  his  party  and 
that  he   will  support  a  majority  of  the   candidates   of  that  partv  at   the   next  election. 

The  Iowa  law,  as  amended  in  1007,  is  mandatory,  and  includes  all  offices  except  Judges. 
L  nited  States  Senators,  and  Presidential '  electors.  At  the  firyt  primary  to  be  held  unde>r 
the  act  each  elector  declares  his  party  affiliation,  which  is  recorded  in  the  poll  book,  and 
thereafter  no  voter  is  to  receive  a  ballot  of  another  party  tmless  ten  days  before  any 
primary  he  files  a  declarsTtion  of  a  change  of  party  affiliation.  Persons  receiving  th5  high- 
est vote,  provided  such  vote  is  not  less  than  35  per  cent,  of  the  total  party  vote  for  that 
office,  are  to  receive  the  nominations. 

The  Missouri  primary  law  of  1007  is  mandatorv.  and  covers  neai-ly  all  offices,  except 
certain  local  ones.  Ballots  for  each  party  are  provided,  together  with  a  non-partisan  ballot, 
and  each  voter  receives  the  ballot  which  he  requests.  No  provision  is  made  for  challenging 
on  the  ground  that  a  person  is  not  a  member  of  a  certain  partv.  Nominations  are  by 
plurality  votes.  Conventions  ir.ay  be  held  for  nomination  of  Presidential  electors,  deleciates 
to  national  conventions,  and  members  of  national  committees,  and  for  the  adoption  of 
platforms. 

Nebraska,  in  1007,  enacted  a  general  primary  law  applicable  to  all  offices,  except  in 
cities  of  less  than  2.j,000  inhabitants,  and  in  vHlage,  township,  and  school  district  offices. 
Declaration  of  party  affiliation  is  required,  but  no  challenge  upon  that  ground  is  provided. 
The  person  receiving  the  highest  vote  is  declared  the  nominee.  Nominees  for  county  ofjices 
select  the  county  committees,  and  these  committees  in  turn  select  delegates  to  a  conven- 
tion which  adopts  the  party  platform  and  elects  the  State  Central  Committee.  The  North 
Dakota  primary  law  enacted  by  the  last  Legislature  is  quite  similar  to  that  of  Nebraska. 

A  novel  provision  in  the  new  primary  law  of  the  State  of  Washington  is  the  indication 
of  first  and  second  choice  by  the  use  of  a  double  column  opposite  the  names  of  the  candi- 
dates on  the  primary  ballot.  If  no  candidate  receives  more  than  40  per  cent,  of  the  first 
choice  of  votes,  then  the  second  choice  votes  are  to  be  added,  and  the  candidate  receiving 
the  highest  number  of  first  and  second  choices  receives  the  nomination.  Political  parties 
casting  less  than  10  per  cent,  of  the  vote  at  the  last  previous  election  are  allowed  to  nomi- 
nate at  conventions,  held  on  the  same  day  as  the  primaries. 

California  has  had  considerable  difficulty  in  securing  a  primary  election  law,  as  no  less 
than  two  such  acts  have  been  declared  unconstitutional  by  the  Supreme  Court.  The  last 
Legislature  adopted  a  resolution  for  a  constitutional  amendment  which  imposes  upon  the 
Ijcgi-lature  the  duty  of  enacting  pi'imary  laws,  and  places  beyond  question  the  right  of 
the  Legislature  to  act  in  the  matter. 

NOMINATIONS     FOR     UNITED     STATES     SENATORS. 

United  States  Senators  are  of  course  governed  by  Federal  law,  and  nominations  under 
State  laws  have  only  persuasi\'e  force  upon  members  of  the  Legislature.  In  Missouri  a  law 
passed  in  1007  provides  for  nominations  for  United  States  Senators  at  the  general  election. 
All  persons  desiring  to  be  elected  to  this  office  are  required  to  file  with  the  Secretary  of 
State  their  names  and  application.  These  names  are  placed  upon  the  ballots  under  the 
party  heading,  and  the  person  having  the  highest  number  of  votes  upon  the  party  ticket 
which  has  a  majority  on  general  ballot  in  the  Legislature  is  declared  the  nominee  of  such 
party,  and  "all   members  of  such  party  in  the  Legislature  shall  vote  for  such  person." 

In  Washington  any  candidate  for  the  Ijegiislature  may  file  a  declaration  that  during  his 
term  of  office  he  will  always  vote  for  the  candidate  for  United  States  Senator  who  has 
received  the  highest  number  of  votes  upon  his  party  ticket  at  the  previous  primary  election, 
and  in  such  case  there  is  printed  on  the  primary  ballot  opposite  or  below  the  candidate's 
name  "Pledged  to  vote  for  party,  choice  for  United  States  Senator." 

Delegates  to  the  national  convention,  in  the  States  having  primary  election  laws,  are 
ordinarilj^  chosen  by  the  old  convention  system.  An  innovation  in  this  respect  is  found  in 
Wisconsin,  where  a  law  of  the  last  session  provides  that  these  delegates  shall  be  chosen  at 
the  Spring  election. 

FILING  OF   ELECTIOr*  ACCOUNTS. 

The  filing  of  expense  accounts  for  and  by  candi-Iates  has  been  adopted  in  Iowa,  and^the 
enumeration  of  purposes  for  which  campaign  expenses  may  be  incurred  was  made  in  1907  in 
acts  of  Connecticut.  California,  South  Dakota,  and  Washington.  A  still  later  development  of 
this  idea  is  the  limitation  in  the  amount  of  campaign  expenses  in  the  Corrupt  Practices  laws 
of  California  and  New  York,  enacted  in  lt>07,    In  the  former  State  the  limitation  is  by  per-i 


248  The  Single  Tax, 


ELECTION  REFORM  LEGISLATION  IN  X^^Ti— Continued. 


centagre  upon  the  annual  salary,  varying  with  the  length  of  the  term,  and  amounting  in 
general  to  5  per  cent,  of  the  salary  for  each  year.  In  the  latter  State  the  limitation  is  by 
fixed  sums,  which  are  much  more  liberal  than  those  in  California,  being  $10,000  in  case 
of  the  Governor,  $6,000  in  case  of  other  elective  State  officers,  etc.  Connecticut  enforces 
her  Corrupt  Practices  act  by  disqualifying  the  incumbent  and  by  making  him  Ineligible  for 
election  or  appointment  for  any  public  office  for  four  j-ears. 


The  following  statement  of  the  single  tax  principle  was  written  by  Henry  George.  Sr.: 
We  assert  as  our  fundamental  principle  the  self-evident  truth  enunciated  in  the  Declara- 
tion of  American  Independence,  that  all  men  are  created  equal  and  are  endowed  by  their 
Creator  with  certain  inalienable  rights.  We  hold  that  all  men  are  equally  entitled  to  the 
use  and  enjoyment  of  what  God  has  created  and  of  what  is  gained  by  the  general  growth 
and  improvement  of  the  community  of  which  they  are  a  part.  Therefore,  no  one  should  be 
permitted  to  hold  natural  opportunities  without  a  fair  return  to  all  for  any  special  priv- 
ilege thus  accorded  to  him,  and  that  that  value  which  the  growth  and  improvement  of  the 
community  attaches  to  land  should  be  taken  for  the  use  of  the  community;  that  each  is 
entitled  to  all  that  his  labor  produces;  therefore,  no  tax  should  be  levied  on  the  products 
of  labor. 

To    carry    out    these    principles,    we    are    in    favor    of    raising    all    public    revenues    for 
national.    State,    county,    and   municipal    purposes    by   a    single    tax   upon    land    values,    irr^- . 
spective    of    improvements,    and    all    the    obligations    of    all    forms    of    direct    and    indirect 
taxation. 

Since  in  all  our  States  we  now  levy  some  tax  on  the  value  of  land,  the  single  tax  can 
be  instituted  by  the  simple  and  easy  way  of  abolishing,  one  after  another,  all  otiier  taxe3 
now  levied  and  commensur^tely  increasing  the  tax  on  land  values  until  we  draw  upon 
that  one  source  for  all  expenses  of  government,  the  revenue  being  divided  between  local 
governments.  State  government,  and  the  general  government,  as  the  revenue  from  direct 
tax  is  now  divided  between  the  local  and  State  governments,  or  by  a  direct  assessment 
being  made  by  the  general  government  upon  the  States  and  paid  by  them  from  revenues 
collected  in  this  manner.  The  single  tax  we  propose  is  not  a  tax  on  land,  and  therefore 
would  not  fall  on  the  use  of  land  and  become  a  tax  on  labor. 

It  is  a  tax  not  on  -land,  but  on  the  value  of  land.  Then  it  would  not  fall  on  all  land, 
but  only  on  valuable  land,  and  on  tliHt  not  in  proportion  to  the  use  made  of  it,  but  in  pro- 
portion to  its  value — the  premium  which  the  user  of  land  must  pay  to  the  owner,  either- 
in  purchase  money  or  rent,  for  permission  to  use  valuable  land.  It  would  thus  be  a  tax 
not  on  the  use  and  improvement  of  land,  but  on  the  ownership  of  land,  taking  what  would 
otherwise  go  to  the  owner  as  ov.-ner,   and  not  as   user. 

In  assessments  under  the  single  tax  all  values  created  by  individual  use  or  improve- 
ment would  be  excluded,  and  the  only  value  taken  into  consideration  would  be  the  value 
attaching  to  the  bare  land  by  reason  of  neighborhood,  etc..  to  be  determined  by  impartial 
periodical  assessments.  Thus  the  farmer  would  have  no  more  taxes  to  pay  than  the  specu- 
lator who  held  a  similar  piece  of  land  idle,  and  the  man  who,  on  a  city  lot,  erected  a 
valuable  building  would  be  taxed  no  more  than  the  man  who  held  a  sim'ijar  lot  vacant. 
The  single  tax.  in  short,  would  call  upon  men  to  contribute  to  the  public  revenues  not  in 
proportion  to  what  they  produce  or  accumulate,  but  in  proportion  to  the  value  of  the  natu- 
ral opportunities  they  hold.  It  would  compel  them  to  pav  just  as  much  for  holding  land 
idle  as  for  putting  it  to  its  fullest  use.      The  single  tax.   therefore,   would— 

1st.  Take  the  weight,  of  taxation  off  the  agricultural  districts,  where  land  has  little  or 
no  value  irrespective  of  improvements,  and  put  it  on  towns  and  cities,  where  bare  land 
rises  to  a  value  of  millions  of  dollars  per  acre. 

2d.  Dispense  with  a  multiplicity  of  taxes  and  a  horde  of  tax-gatherers,  simplify  gov- 
ernment,   and   greatly  reduce   its   cost. 

3d.  Do  away  with  the  fraud,  corruption,  and  gross  inequality  inseparable  from  our 
present  methods  of  taxation,  which  allow  the  rich  to  escape  while  they  grind  the  poor. 
Land  cannot  be  hid  or  carried  off.  and  its  value  can  be  ascertained  with  greater  ease  and 
certainty  than  any  other. 

4th.  Give  us  with  all  the  world  as  perfect  freedom  of  trade  as  now  exists  between  the 
States  of  the  L'nion,  thus  enabling  our  people  to  share  through  free  exchanges  in  all  the 
advantages  which  nature  has  given  to  other  countries,  or  which  the  peculiar  skill  of  other 
peoples  has  enabled  them  to  attain.  It  would  destroy  the  trusts,  monopolies,  and  corrup- 
tions which  are  the  outgrowths  of  the  tariff.  It  would  do  away  with  the  fines  and  pen- 
alties now  levied  on  any  one  who  improves  a  farm,  erects  a  house,  builds  a  machine,  or 
in  any  way  adds  to  the  general  stock  of  wealth.  It  would  leave  every  one  free  to  apply 
labor  or  expend  capital  in  production  or  exchange  without  fine  or  res'triction,  and  would 
leave   to  each   the  full   product  of  his  exertion. 

+  T^^'^"  J*-  ^^■^"■'i'  on  the  other  hand,  by  taking  for  public  use  that  value  which  attaches 
to  land  by  reason  of  the  growth  and  improvement  of  the  comintlnitv,  make  the  holding  of 
land  unprofitable  to  the  mere  owner  and  profitable  only  to  the  user.  It  would  thus  make 
n  impossible  for  speculators  and  monopolists  to  hold  natural  opportunities  unused  or  only 
half  used,  and  would  throw  open  to  labor  the  illimitable  field  of  employment  which  the 
earth  offers  to  man.  It  would  thus  solve  the  labor  problem,  do  away  "with  involuntary 
poverty  raise  wages  in  all  occupations  to  the  full  earnings  of  labor,  make  overproduction 
impossible  until  all  human  wants  are  satisfied,  render  labor-saving  inventions  a  blessing 
to  all.  and  cause  such  an  enormous  production  and  such  an  equitable  distribution  of  wealth 
as  would  give  to  all  comfort,  leisure,  and  participation  in  the  advantages  of  an  advancing 
civilization,  in  securing  to  each  individual  equal  right  to  the  u.'^e  of  the  earth.  It  is  also 
a  proper  function  of  .society  to  maintain  and  control  all  public  wavs  for  the  transportation 
of   persons   and   property,    and    the    transmission   of   intelligence;    arid    also    to   maintain    and 

sSlv  rlaul^r«*'h«''„1:rnV"«^'^l'''  ^'"'  ^"'■"'^^'"S  ^-^ter,  gasf  and' all  otherthingT  that  nece". 
sariiy  require  the  use  of  such  oommon  ways,  


National  Platforms  of  Political  Parties.  249 


Katioual  l^latforms  of  J^oUtCcal  i^artics, 

PLATFORM     OF    THE    DEMOCRATIC    PARTY,   ADOPTED    AT    ST.    LOUIS,  MO., 

JULY    8,    1904. 

The  Democratic  party  of  the  United  States,  in  national  convention  assembled,  declares 
its  devotion  to  the  essential  principles  of  the  Democratic  faith  which  bring  us  together  in 
party    communion. 

Under  them  local  self-government  and  national  unity  and  prosperity  were  alike  estab- 
lished. They  underlaid  our  independence,  the  structure  of  our  free  republic,  and  every 
Democratic  extension,  from  Louisiana  to  California,  and  Texas  to  Oregon,  which  preserves 
faithfully  in  all  the  States  the  tie  between  taxation  and  representation.  They  yet  inspire 
masses  of  our  people,  guarding  jealously  their  rights  and  liberties,  and  cherishing  their 
fraternity,  peace  and  orderly  development.  They  remind  us  of  our  duties  and  responsi- 
bilities as  citizens,  and  impress  upon  us,  particularly  at  this  time,  the  necessity  of 
reform  and  the  rescue  of  the  administration  of  government  from  the  headstrong,  arbitrary 
and  spasmodic  methods  which  distract  business  by  uncertainty,  and  pervade  the  pubhc 
mind   wich   dread,    distrust,    and   perturbation. 

Fandamental  Principles.— The  application  of  these  fundamental  principles  to  the 
living  issues  of  the  day  is  the  first  step  toward  the  assured  peace,  safety,  and  progress  of 
our  nation.  Freedom  of  the  press,  of  conscience,  and  of  speech;  equality  before  the  law 
of  ail  citizens;  the  right  of  trial  by  jury;  freedom  of  the  person  defended  by  the  writ  of 
habeas  corpus;  liberty  of  personal  contract  untrammeled  by  sumptuary  laws;  the 
supremacy  of  the  civil  over  the  military  authority;  a  well-disciplined  militia;  the  separa- 
tion of  church  and  State;  economy  in  expenditures;  low  taxes;  that  labor  may  be  lightly 
burdened;  the  prompt  and  sacred  fulfilment  of  public  and  private  obligations;  fidelity 
to  treaties;  peace  and  friendship  with  all  nations;  entangling  alliances  with  none;  absolute 
acquiescence  in  the  will  of  the  majority,  the  vital  principle  of  republics— these  are 
doctrines  which  Democracy  has  established  as  proverbs  of  the  nation,  and  they  should  be 
constantly   invoked,   preached,   resorted  to  and  enforced. 

Capital  and  Labor. — "We  favor  the  enactment  and  administration  of  laws  giving 
labor  and  capital  impartially  their  just  rights.  Capital  and  labor  ought  not  to  be  enemies. 
Each  is  necessary  to  the  other.  Each  has  its  rights,  but  the  rights  of  labor  are  certainly 
BO   less    "vested,"   no   less   "sacred,"   and   no   less    "inalienable"   than   the   rights   of   capital. 

Constitutional  Guarantees. — Constitutional  guarantees  are  violated  whenever  any 
citizen  is  denied  the  right  to  labor,  acquire,  and  enjoy  property  or  reside  where  interests 
jor  inclination  may  determine.  Any  denial  thereof  by  individuals,  organizations,  or 
governments   should   be   summarily  rebuked   and   punished. 

We  deny  the  right  of  any  executive  to  disregard  or  suspend  any  constitutional  privilege 
or  limitation.  Obedience  to  the  laws  and  respect  for  their  requirements  are  alike  the 
supreme  duty   of  the   citizen   and   the   official. 

The  military  should  be  used  only  to  support  and  maintain  the  law.  We  unqualifiedly 
condemn  its  employment  for  the  summary  banishment  of  citizens  without  trial  or  for  the 
control    of    flections. 

We  approve  the  measure  which  passed  the  United  States  Senate  In  1896,  but  which  a 
Republican  Congress  has  ever  since  refused  to  enact,  relating  to  contempts  in  Federal 
Courts   and   providing   for   trial   by   jury   in   cases   of   indirect   contempt. 

Waterways. — We  favor  liberal  appropriations  for  the  improvement  of  waterways  of 
the  country.  When  any  waterway  like  the  Mississippi  River  is  of  sufficent  importance 
to  demand  special  aid  of  the  Government,  such  aid  should  be  extended  with  a  definite 
plan  of  continuous  work  until  permanent  improvement  is  secured. 

We  oppose  the  Republican  policy  of  starving  home  development  In  order  to  feed  the 
greed  for  conquest  and  the  appetite  for  national   "prestige"   and  display  of  strength. 

Economy  of  Administration. — Large  reductions  can  easily  be  made  in  the 
annual  expenditures  of  the  Government  without  Impairing  the  efficiency  of  any  branch  of 
the  public  service,  and  we  shall  Insist  upon  the  strictest  economy  and  frugality  compatible 
with  vigorous  and  efficent  civil,  military  and  naval  administration  as  a  right  of  the 
people    too    clear    to    be    denied    or    witBheld. 

We  favor  honesty  in  the  public  service,  the  enforcement  of  honesty  in  the  public 
service,  and  to  that  end  a  thorough  legislative  investigation  of  those  executive  depart- 
ments of  the  Government  already  known  to  teem  with  corruption,  as  well  as  other 
departments  suspected  of  harboring  corruption,  and  the  punishment  of  ascertained  corrup- 
tionists,  without  fear  or  favor  or  regard  to  persons.  The  persistent  and  deliberate  refusal 
of  both  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  to  permit  such  investigation  to  be 
made  demonstrates  that  only  by  a  change  In  the  executive  and  in  the  legislative 
departments   can  complete  exposures,   punishment,    and   correction  be  obtained. 

Fe<leral  Government  Contracts  Witli  Triists.— We  condemn  the  action  of 
the  Republican  party  In  Congress  In  refusing  to  prohibit  an  executive  department  from 
entering  into  contracts  with  convicted  trusts  or  unlawful  combinations  in  restraint  of  inter- 
state trade.  We  believe  that  one  of  the  best  methods  of  procuring  economy  and  honesty 
In  the  public  service  is  to  have  public  officials,  from  the  occupant  of  the  White  House 
down  to  the  lowest  of  them,  return  as  nearly  as  may  be  to  Jeffersonlan  simplicity  of  living. 

Executive  U-s-nrpation.— We  favor  the  nomination  and  election  of  a  President 
Imbued  with  the  principles  of  the  Constitution,  who  will  set  his  face  sternly  against 
executive  usurpation  of  legislative  and  judicial  functions,  whether  that  usurpation  be 
veiled  under  the  guise  of  executive  construction  of  existing  laws,  or  whether  it  take  refuge 
in  the  tyrant's  pleas  of  necessity  or  superior  wisdom. 

Imperialism. — ^We  favor  the  preservation,  so  far  as  we  can,  of  an  open  door  for 
the  world's  commerce  in  the  Orient  without  any  unnecessary  entanglement  in  Oriental 
and  European  affairs,  and  without  arbitrary,  unlimited,  irresponsible,  and  absolute  govern- 
jnent  anywhere  within  our  jurisdiction.    We  oppose,  as  fervently  as  did  George  Washington 


250  Isfational  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

NATIONAL  PLATFORMS  OF  POLITICAL  PARTIES— Con/mued. 

himself,  an  indefinite,  irresponsible,  discretionary,  and  vagxie  absolutism  and  a  policy  of 
colonial  exploitation,  no  matter  where  or  by  whom  invoked  or  exercised;  we  believe  with 
Thomas  Jefferson  and  John  Adams  that  no  government  has  a  right  to  make  one  set  of 
laws  for  those  "at  home"  and  another  and  a  different  set  of  laws,  absolute  in  their 
character,  for  those  "in  the  colonies."  All  men  under  the  American  flag  are  entitled  to 
the  protection  of  the  institutions  whose  emblem  the  flag  is;  if  they  are  inherently  unfit 
for  those  institutions  then  they  are  inherently  unfit  to  be  members  of  the  American  body 
politic.  Wherever  there  may  exist  a  people  incapable  of  being  governed  under  American 
'laws,  in  consonance  with  the  American  Constitution,  the  territory  of  that  people  ought 
not  to  be  part  of  the  American  domain. 

We  insist  that  we  ought  to  do  for  the  Filipinos  what  we  have  already  done  for  the 
Cubans,  and  it  is  our  duty  to  make  that  promise  now,  and  upon  suitable  guarantees  of 
piotection  to  citizens  of  our  own  and  other  countries  resident  there  at  the  time  of  our 
withdrawal,  set  the  Filipino  people  upon  their  feet,  free  and  independent,  to  work  out 
their  own  destiny.  The  endeavor  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  by  pledging  the  Government's 
indorsement  for  "promoters"  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  to  make  the  United  States  a 
partner  in  speculative  legislation  of  the  archipelago,  which  was  only  temporarily  held  up 
by  the  opposition  of  the  Democratic  Senators  in  the  last  session,  will,  if  successful,  lead 
to  entanglements  from  which  it  will  be  difficult  to  escape. 

Tlie  Turilf.— The  Democratic  party  has  been,  and  will  continue  to  be,  the  consistent 
opponent  of  that  class  of  tariff  legislation  by  which  certain  interests  have  been  permitted, 
through  Congressional  favor,  to  draw  a  heavy  tribute  from  the  American  people.  This 
monstrous  perversion  of  those  equal  opportunities  which  our  political  institutions  were 
established  to  secure  has  caused  what  may  once  hive  been  Infant  industries  to  become  the 
greatest  combinations  of  capital  that  the  world  has  ever  known.  These  especial  favorites 
of  the  Government  have,  through  trust  methods,  been  converted  into  monopolies,  thus 
bringing  to  an  end  domestic  competition,  which  was  the  only  alleged  check  upon  the 
extravagant  profits  made  possible  by  the  protective  system.  These  industrial  combinations, 
by  the  financial  assistance  they  can  give,  now  control  the  policy  of  the  Republican  party. 
We  denounce  protection  as  a  robbery  of  the  many  to  enrich  the  few.  and  we  favor 
a  tariff  limited  to  the  needs  of  the  Government,  economically  administered,  and  so  levied 
as  not  to  discriminate  against  any  industrj',  class,  or  section,  to  the  end  that  the  burden 
of   taxation    shall    be   distributed   as    equally    as    possible. 

We  favor  a  revision  and  a  gradual  reduction  of  the  tariff  by  the  friends  of  the  masses 
for  the  commonwealth,  and  not  by  the  friends  of  its  abuses,  its  extortions  and  its  dis- 
criminations, keeping  in  view  the  ultimate  end  of  "equality  of  burdens  and  equality  of 
opportunities,"  and  the  constitutional  purpose  of  raising  a  revenue  by  taxation,  to  wit, 
the  .support  of  the  Federal  Government  in  all  its  integrity  and  virility,  but  in  simplicity. 
Trnsts  nnil  XJnla^^tvful  Combinations. — We  recognize  that  the  gigantic  tj-usts 
and  combinations  designed  to  enable  capital  to  secure  more  than  its  just  share  of  the 
joint  products  of  capital  and  labor,  and  which  have  been  fostered  and  promoted  under 
Republican  rule,  are  a  menace  to  beneficial  competition  and  an  obstacle  to  permanent 
business   prosperity.     A  private   monopoly   is   indefensible   and   intolerable. 

Individual  equality  of  opportunity  and  free  competition  are  essential  to  a  healthy  and 
permanent  commercial  prosperity,  and  any  trust  or  monopoly  tending  to  destroy  these  by 
controlling  production,  restricting  competition,  or  fixing  prices,  should  be  prohibited  and 
punished  by  law.  We  especially  denounce  rebates  and  discrimination  by  transportation 
companies  as  the  mpst  potent  agency  in  promoting  and  strengthening  these  unlawful 
conspiracies   against   trade. 

We  demand  an  enlargement  of  the  powers  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  to 
the  end  that  the  travelling  public  and  shippers  of  this  Government  may  have  prompt  and 
adequate  relief  from  the  abuses  to  which  they  are  subjected  in  the  matter  of  transportation. 
We  demand  a  strict  enforcement  of  existing  civil  and  criminal  statutes  against  all  such 
trusts,  combinations,  and  monopolies;  and  w^e  demand  the  enactment  of  such  further 
legislation   as   may   be   necessary   to  effectually   suppress   them. 

Any  trust  or  unlawful  combination  engaged  in  interstate  commerce  w-hloh  is  monop- 
olizing any  branch  of  business  or  production  should  not  be  permitted  to  transact  business 
outside  of  the  State  of  its  origin.  Whenever  it  shall  be  established  in  any  court  of 
competent  jurisdiction  that  such  monopolization  exists,  such  prohibition  Bhould  be 
enforced   through   comprehensive  laws   to  be  enacted  on   the   subject. 

Reclamation  of  Ari«l  Lauds  and  Domestic  Development.— We  congratu- 
late our  Western  citizens  upon  the  passage  of  the  law  known  as  the  Newlands  Irrigation 
Act  for  the  irrigation  and  reclamation  of  the  arid  lands  of  the  West — a  measure  framed 
by  a  Democrat.  i)assed  in  the  Senate  by  a  non-partisan  vote,  and  passed  in  the  House 
against  the  opposition  of  almost  all  Republican  leaders  by  a  vote  the  majority  of  which 
was  Democratic.  We  call  attention  to  this  great  Democratic  measure,  broad  and  com- 
prehensive as  it  is,  working  automatically  throughout  all  time  without  further  action  of 
Congress,  until  the  reclamation  of  all  the  lands  in  the  arid  West  capable  of  reclamation 
is  accomplished,  reserving  the  lands  reclaimed  for  home  seekers  in  small  tracts,  and  rigidly 
guarding  against  land  monopoly,  as  an  evidence  of  the  policy  of  domestic  development 
contemplated   by   the   Democratic   party,    should    it   be   placed   in   power. 

Isthmian  Canal.— The  Democracy,  when  intrusted  with  power,  will  construct  the 
Panama  Canal  speedily,  honestly  and  economically,  thereby  giving  to  our  people  what 
Democrats  have  always  contended  for— a  great  interoceanic  canal,  fiirnlshing  shorter  and 
cheaper  lines  of  transportation  and  broader  and  less  trammeled  trade  relations  with  the 
other   peoples    of   the   world. 

American  Citizensliip.- We  pledge  ourselves  to  insist  upon  the  just  and  lawful 
protection  of  our  citizens  at  home  and  abroad,  and  to  use  all  proper  measures  to  secure 
for  them,  whether  native-born  or  naturalized,  and  without  distinction  of  race  or  creed,  the 
equal   protection   of   laws   and   the   enjoyment   of   all   rights   and   privileges   open   to   them 


National  Platforms  of  Political  Parties.  251 

NATIONAL  PLATFORMS  OF  POLITICAL  PARTIES— CbJifnmcrf. 

under  the  covenants  of  our  treaties  of  friendship  and  commerce;  and  if  under  existing 
treaties  the  right  of  travel  and  sojourn  is  denied  to  American  citizens,  or  recognition  is 
withheld  from  American  passports  by  any  countries  on  the  ground  of  race  or  creed,  we 
favor  the  beginning  of  negotiations  with  the  governments  of  such  countries  to  secure  by 
new  treaties  the  removal  of  these  unjust  discriminations.  We  demand  that  all  over  the 
world  a  duly  authenticated  passport  issued  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to  an 
American  citizen  shall  be  proof  of  the  fact  that  he  is  an  American  citizen,  and  shall 
entitle  him  to  the  treatment  due  him  as  such. 

Election  of  Senators  by  tlie  People.— "We  favor  the  election  of  United  States 
Senators   by   the   direct   vote   of  the  people. 

Stntehood  for  Territories.— We  favor  the  admission  of  the  Territory  of  Okla- 
homa and  the  Indian  Territory.  We  also  favor  the  immediate  admission  of  Arizona  and 
New   Mexico  as   sepai-ate   States,    and  a   territorial   government   for   Alaska   and   Porto   Rico. 

We  hold  that  the  officials  appointed  to  administer  the  government  of  any  Territory,  as 
well  as  with  the  district  of  Alaska,  should  be  bona  fide  residents  at  the  time  of  their 
appointment  of  the  Territory  or  district  in  which   their  duties  are  to  be  performed. 

Condeninntion  of  Poly«-amy.— \V"e  demand  the  extermination  of  polygamy  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  and  the  complete  separation  of  church  and  State  m 
political    affairs. 

Merchant  Marine.— We  denounce  the  ship  subsidy  bill  recently  passed  by  the 
United  States  Senate  as  an  iniquitous  appropriation  of  public  funds  for  private  purposes 
and  a  wasteful,  illogical,  and  useless  attempt  to  overcome  by  subsidy  the  obstructions 
raised  by  Republican  legislation  to  the  .growth  and  development  of  American  commerce 
on  the   sea. 

We  favor  the  upbuilding  of  a  merchant  marine  without  new  or  additional  burdens 
upon   the   people   and   without   bounties   from   the   public   treasury. 

Reciprocity.— We  favor  liberal  trade  arrangements  with  Canada,  and  with  peoples 
of  other  countries,  where  these  can  be  entered  into  with  benefit  to  American  agriculture, 
manufactures,    mining,    or    comm.erce. 

3Ionroe  Doctrine.— We  favor  the  maintenance  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine  in  its  full 
integrity. 

Army. — We  favor  the  reduction  of  the  ormy  and  of  army  expenditure  to  the  point 
historically  demonstrated  to  be  safe  and  sufficient. 

Pensions  and  Our  Soldiers  and  Sailors.— The  Democracy  would  secure  to 
the  surviving  soldiers  and  sailors  and  their  dependents  generous  pensions,  not  by  an 
arbitrary  executive  order,  but  by  legislation  which  we  grateful  people  stand  ready  to 
enact.  Our  soldiers  and  sailors  who  defend  with  their  lives  the  Constitution  and  the  laws 
have  a  sacred  interest  in  their  just  administration.  Th^  must  therefore  share  with 
us  the  humiliation  with  which  we  have  witnessed  the  Exaltation  of  court  favorites, 
without  distinguished  service,  over  the  scarred  heroes  of  many  battles;  or  aggrandized 
by  legislative  appropriation  out  of  the  treasuries  of  a  prostrate  people,  in  violation  of  act 
of    Congress,    which    fixes    the    compensation    and    allowances    of    the    military    officers. 

Civil  Service. — The  Democratic  party  stands  committed  to  the  principles  of  civil- 
service  reform,  and  we  demand  their  honest,  just  and  impartial  enforcement.  We  denounce 
the  Republican  party  for  its  continuous  and  sinister  encroachments  upon  the  spirit  and 
operation  of  civil-service  rules,  whereby  it  has  arbitrarily  dispensed  with  examinations 
for  office  in  the  interests  of  favorites  and  employed  all  manner  of  devices  to  overreach 
and  set  aside  the  principles   upon  which  the  civil  service  was  established. 

School  and  Race  Questions. — The  race  question  has  brought  countless  woes  to 
this  country.  The  calm  wisdom  of  the  American  people  should  see  to  it  that  it  brings 
no  more.  To  revive  the  dead  and  hateful  race  and  sectional  animosities  in  any  part  of 
our  common  country  means  confusion,  distraction  of  business,  and  the  reopening  of  wounds 
now  happily  healed.  North,  South,  East,  and  West  have  but  recently  stood  together  in  line 
of  battle   from   the   walls   of  Peking  to   the   hills   of   Santiago,   and   as   sharers   of  a   common 

flory  and  a  common  destiny  we  should  sliare  fraternally  tlie  common  burdens.  We.  there- 
ore,  deprecate  and  condemn  the  bourbonlike,  selfish,  and  narrow  apirit  of  the  recent 
Republican  convention  at  Chicago,  which  sought  to  kindle  anew  the  embers  of  racial  and 
sectional  strife,  and  we  appeal  from  it  to  the  sober  common  sense  and  patriotic  spirit  of 
the   American    peoi)le. 

The  Republican  Administration.— The  existing  Republican  administration  has 
been  spasmodic,  erratic,  sensational,  spectacular,  and  arbitrary.  It  has  made  itself  a 
satire  upon  the  Congress,  the  courts,  and  upon  the  settled  practices  and  usages  of  national 
and    international    law. 

It  summoned  the  Congress  into  hasty  and  futile  extra  session,  and  virtuallv  adjourned 
It.  leaving  behind  in  its  flight  from  Washington  uncalled  calendars  and  unaccomplished 
tasks. 

It  has  made  war.  which  is  the  sole  power  of  Congress,  without  its  authority,  thereby 
usurping  one  of  its  fundamental  prerogatives.  It  violated  a  plain  statute  of  the  United 
btates  as  well  as  plain  treaty  obligations,  international  usages,  and  constitutional  law;  and 
has  done  so  under  pretence  of  executing  a  great  public  policy,  which  could  have  been  more 
easily  effected  lawfully,   consitutionally,   and  with  honor. 

It  forced  strained  and  unnatural  constructions  upon  statutes,  usurping  judicial  inter- 
pretation  and   substituting   Congressional    enactment    decree. 

It  withdrew  from  Congress  their  customary  duties  of  investigation,  which  have  hereto- 
fore made  the  representatives  of  the  people  and  the  States  the  terror  of  evildoers. 
„i,M  coiViUcted  a  secretive  investigation  of  its  own  and  boasted  of  a  few  sample  convicts, 
wnile  It  threw  a  broad  coverlet  over  the  bureaus  which  had  been  their  chosen  field  of 
operative  abuses  and  kept  in  power  the  superior  officers  under  whose  administration 
the  crimes  had  been  committed. 
^„t  Vu  ordered  assault   upon   some  monopolies,   but.    paralyzed   by   its   first   victory,    it   flung 

^l^L^oL  K  ^,  A  */H5®  ?i^^  ^"^'^  out  that  it  would  not  "run  amuck"— leaving  its  future 
purposes  beclouded  by  its  vacillations. 

T^T.iT,;^^^''^^^^***  *'**^  Country.— Conducting  the  campaign  upon  this  declaration  of  our 
S«P  l?  if""  purposes,  we  invoke  for  our  candidates  the  support,  not  only  of  our  great 
ana   time-honored   organization,    but   also   the   active   assistance   of  all   our  fellow-citizens 


252  National  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

NATIONAL  PLATFORMS  OF  POLITICAL  PARTIES— Con/au/rd. 

who,  disregarding  past  differences  upon  questions  no  longer  in  issue,  desire  the  perpetua- 
tion of  our  Constitutional  Government  as  framed  and  established  by  the  fathers  of  the 
republic. 

PLATFORM     OF    THE     REPUBLICAN     PARTY,    ADOPTED    AT    CHICAGO,    ILL., 

JUNE    22,    1904. 

Fifty  years  ago  the  Republican  party  came  into  existence,  dedicated,  among  other 
purposes,  to  the  great  task  of  arresting  the  extension  of  human  slavery.  In  1800  it  elected 
Its  first  President.  During  twenty-four  of  the  forty-four  years  which  have  elapsed  since 
the  election  of  Lincoln,  the  Republican  party  has  held  complete  control  of  the  Government. 
For  eighteen  more  of  the  forty-four  years  it  has  held  partial  control  through  the  possession 
of  one  or  two  branches  of  the  Government,  while  the  Democratic  party  during  the  same 
period  has   had   complete   control   for  only   two   years. 

This  long  tenure  of  power  by  the  Republican  party  is  not  due  to  chance.  It  is  a 
demonstration  that  the  Republican  party  has  commanded  the  confidence  of  the  Ameris-an 
people  for  nearly  two  generations  to  a  degree  never  equalled  in  our  history,  and  has 
displayed  a  high  capacity  for  rule  and  government  which  has  been  made  even  more 
conspicuous  by  the  incapacity  and  infirmity  of  purpose  shown  by  its  opponents. 

The  Republican  party  entered  upon  its  present  period  of  complete  supremacy  in  1807. 
"We  have  every  right  to  congratulate  ourselves  upon  the  work  since  then  accomplished,  for 
it  has  added  lustre  even  to  the  traditions  of  the  party  which  carried  the  Government 
through  the  storms  of  civil  war.  We  then  found  the  country,  after  four  years  of  Demo^ 
cratic  rule,  in  evil  plight,  oppressed  with  misfortune,  and  doubtful  of  the  future.  Pub  ic 
credit  had  been  lowered,  the  revenues  were  declining,  the  debt  was  growing,  the  Adminis- 
tration's attitude  toward  Spain  was  feeble  and  mortifying,  the  standard  of  values  was 
threatened  and  uncertain,  labor  was  unemployed,  business  was  sunk  in  the  depression 
which  had  succeeded  the   panic  of  1S!),3,   hope   was  faint,   and  confidence  was  gone. 

We  met  these  unhappy  conditions  vigorously,  effectively,  and  at  once.  We  replaced 
a  Democratic  tariff  law  based  on  free-trade  principles  and  garnishnl  with  sectional  pro- 
tection by  a  consistent  protective  tariff,  and  industry,  freed  from  suppression  and  stimu- 
lated by  the  encouragement  of  wise  lav.-s,  has  expanded  to  a  degree  never  before  known, 
has  conquered  new  markets  and  has  created  a  volume  of  exports  which  has  surpassed 
imagination.  Under  the  Dingley  Tariff  labor  has  been  fully  employed,  wages  have  risen 
and  all  industries  have  revived  and   prospered. 

The  Gold  Stamlard  EstablisliCMl.— We  firmly  established  the  gold  standard, 
which  was  then  menaced  with  destruction.  Confidence  returned  to  business,  and  with 
confidence   and   unexampled  prosperity. 

For  deficient  revenues  supplemented  by  improvident  issues  of  bonds  we  gave  the 
country  an  income  which  produced  a  large  surplus,  and  which  enabled  us  only  four 
years  after  the  Spanish  war  had  closed  to  remove  over  one  hundred  millions  of  annual 
war  taxes,   reduce  the  public  debt  and  lower  the  interest  charges  of  tht>  Government. 

The  public  credit,  which  had  been  so  lowered  that  in  time  of  peace  a  Democratic 
administration  made  large  loans  at  extravagant  rates  of  interest  in  order  to  pay  current 
expenditures,  rose  under  Reiiublican  administration  to  its  highest  point,  and  enabled 
us  to  borrow  at  2  per  cent.,    even   in   time   of  war. 

We  refused  to  palter  longer  with  the  miseries  of  Cuba.  We  fought  a  quick  and 
victorious  war  with  Spain.  We  set  Cuba  free,  governed  the  island  for  three  years,  and 
then  gave  it  to  the  Cuban  people  with  order  restored,  with  ample  revenues,  with  education 
and  public  health  established,  free  from  debt,  and  connected  with  the  United  States  by 
wise    provisions    for    our    mutual    interests. 

"U  e  have  organized  the  government  of  Porto  Rico,  and  its  people  now  enjoy  peace, 
freedom,    order,    and   prosperity. 

Accoinplisliinents  in  Philippines.— In  the  Philippines  we  have  .suppressed 
insurrection,  established  order,  and  given  to  life  and  property  a  security  never  known 
there  before.  We  have  organized  civil  government,  made  it  effective  and  strong  in  admin- 
istration, and  have  conferred  upon  the  people  of  those  islands  the  largest  civil  liberty 
they  have  ever  enjoyed.  By  our  possession  of  the  Philippines  we  were  enabled  to  take 
prompt  and  effective  action  in  the  relief  of  the  legations  at 'Peking,  and  a  decisive  part 
in  preventing   the  partition  and  preserving  the   integrity  of  China. 

The  Panama  Canal  Beftnn.— The  possession  of  a  route  for  an  Isthmian  canal,  so 
long  the  dream  of  American  statesmanship,  is  now  an  accomplished  fact.  The  great  woik 
of  connecting  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  by  a  canal  is  at  last  begun,  and  is  due  to  the 
Republican    partj'. 

Other  Aeeomplishnients.— We  have  passed  laws  which  will  bring  the  arid  lands 
of    the    United    States    within    the    area    of   cultivation. 

We  have  reorganized  the  army  and  put  it  In  ihe  highest  state  of  efficiency. 
We  have  passed   laws  for  the  improvement  and   support  of  the  militia. 
We  have  pushed  forward  the  building  of  the  navy,   the  defence  and  protection  of  our 
honor   and   our   interests. 

Our  administration  of  the  great  departments  of  the  Government  has  been  honest  and 
efficent,  and  wherever  wrongdoing  has  been  discovered  the  Republican  administration 
has  not  hesitated  to  probe  the  evil  and  bring  offenders  to  justice  without  regard  to  party 
or   political    ties. 

Anti-Trust  IjB'^vs  Enforced.— Laws  enacted  by  the  Republican  party  which  the 
Democratic  party  failed  to  enforce,  and  which  were  intended  for  the  protection  of  the 
public  against  the  unjust  discrimination  or  the  illegal  encroachments  of  vast  aggregations 
of  capital,  have  been  fearlessly  enforced  by  a  Republican  President,  and  new  laws 
Insuring  reasonable  publicity  as  to  the  operations  of  gi'eat  corporations  and  providing 
additional  remedies  for  the  prevention  of  discrimination  in  freight  rates  have  been  passed 
by    a    Republican    Congress. 

In  this  record  of  achievement  during  the  past  eight  years  may  be  read  the  pledges 
which  the  Republican  party  has  fulfilled.  We  promise  to  continue  these  policies  and  we 
declare  our  constant  adherence   to  the  following  principles: 

Tlie  Tarifff— Protection  which  guards  and  develop.'}  our  industries  js  9-  cardinal  poUcy 


Kational  Platforms  of  Political  Parties.  253 


NATIONAL  PLATFORMS  OF  POLITICAL  PARTIES— Consumed, 

of  the  Republican  party.  The  measure  of  protection  should  always  at  least  equal  the 
difference  in  the  cost  of  production  at  home  and  abroad.  We  insist  upon  the  maintenance 
of  the  principles  of  protection,  and  therefore  rates  of  duty  should  be  readjusted  only  when 
conditions  have  so  changed  that  the  public  interest  demands  their  alteration,  but  this 
work  cannot  safely  be  committed  to  any  other  hands  than  those  of  the  Republican  party. 
To  intrust  it  to  the  Democratic  party  is   to  invite  disaster. 

Whether,  as  in  181)2,  the  Democratic  pai-ty  declared  the  protective  tariff  unconstitu- 
tional, or  whether  it  demands  tariff  reform  or  tariff  revision,  its  real  object  is  always 
the  destruction  of  the  protective  system.  However  specious  the  name,  the  purpose  is  ever 
the  same.  A  Democratic  tariff  has  always  been  followed  by  business  adversity;  a 
Republican  tariff  by  business  prosperity.  To  a  Republican  Congress  and  a  Republican 
President  this  great  question  can  be  safely  intrusted.  When,  the  only  free-trade  country 
among  the  great  nations  agitates  a  return  to  protection,  the  chief  protective  country 
should   not   falter   in   maintaining   it. 

Coinniercial  Reciprocity  Secured. — We  have  extended  widely  our  foreign  mar- 
kets, and  we  believe  in  the  adoption  of  all  practicable  methods  for  their  further  extension, 
including  commercial  reciprocity  wherever  reciprocal  arrangements  can  be  effected  con- 
sistent with  the  principles  of  protection,  and  without  injury  to  American  agriculture, 
American  labor  or  any  American  industry. 

liitesrity  of  the  National  Currency. — We  believe  it  to  be  the  duty  of  the 
Republican  party  to  uphold  the  gold  standard  and  the  integrity  and  value  of  our  national 
currency.  The  maintenance  of  the  gold  standard,  established  by  the  Republican  party, 
cannot  safely  be  committed  to  the  Democratic  party,  which  resisted  its  adoption,  and  has 
never   given   any   proof  since   that   time   of   belief   In   it   or   fidelity   to   it. 

Upbnildins-  tlie  Blercliant  Marine.— While  every  other  industry  has  prospered 
under  tlie  fostering  aid  of  Republican  legislation,  American  shipping  engaged  in  foreign 
trade,  in  competition  with  the  low  cost  of  construction,  low  wages,  and  heavy  subsidies  of 
foreign  governments,  has  not  for  many  years  received  from  the  Government  of  the  Unit(?d 
States  adequate  encouragement  of  ariy  kind.  We  therefore  favor  legislation  which  will 
encourage  and  build  up  the  American  merchant  marine,  and  we  cordially  approve  the 
legislation  of  the  last  Congress,  which  created  the  Merchant  Marine  Commission  to 
investigate   and   report    upon    this   subject. 

A  Navy  for  Defence.— A  navy  powerful  enough  to  defend  the  United  States  against 
any  attack,  to  uphold  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  and  to  watch  over  our  commerce,  is  essential 
to  the  safety  and  the  welfare  of  the  American  people.  To  maintain  such  a  navy  is  the 
fixed   policy   of    the    Republican   party. 

Chinese  Exclusion.— We  cordially  approve  the  attitude  of  President  Roosevelt  and 
Congress  in  regard  to  the  exclusion  of  Chinese  labor  and  promise  a  continuance  of  the 
Republican    policy    in    that    direction. 

Civil  Service  L,avr  Enforced. — The  Civil  Service  Law  was  placed  on  the  statute 
books  by  the  Republican  party,  which  has  always  sustained  it.  and  w^e  renew  our  former 
declarations    that   it    shall    be   thoroughly   and   honestly   enforced. 

W"e  are  always  mindful  of  the  country's  debt  to  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  United 
States,  and  we  believe  in  making  ample  provision  for  them,  and  in  the  liberal  administra- 
tion  of   the   pension   laws. 

International  Arbitration. — We  favor  the  peaceful  settlement  of  international 
differences    by    arbitration. 

We  commend  the  vigorous  efforts  made  by  the  Administration  to  protect  American 
citizens  in  foreign  lands  and  pledge  ourselves  to  insist  upon  the  just  and  equal  protection 
of  all  our  citizens  abroad.  It  is  the  unquestioned  duty  of  the  Government  to  procure  for 
.all  our  citizens,  without  distinction,  the  rights  of  travel  and  sojourn  in  friendly  countries, 
and  we  declare  ourselves  in  favor  of  all  proper  efforts  tending;  to  that  end. 

Our  great  interests  and  our  growing  commerce  In  the  Orient  reaider  the  condition  of 
China  of  high  importance  to  the  United  States.  We  cordially  commend  the  policy  pursued 
in  that  direction  by  the  Administrations  of  President  McKinley  and  President   Roosevelt. 

Negro  Disfrancliisenient. — ^We  favor  such  Congressional  action  as  shall  determine 
whether  by  special  discriminations  the  elective  franchise  in  any  State  has  been  unconstitu- 
tionally limited,  and  if  such  is  the  case,  we  demand  that  representation  in  Congress  and 
In  the  Electoral  College  shall  be  proportionately  reduced  as  directed  by  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States. 

Capital  and  Labor.— Combinations  of  capital  and  labor  are  the  results  of  the 
economic  movement  of  the  age,  but  neither  must  be  permitted  to  infringe  upon  the  rights 
and  interests  of  the  people.  Such  combinations,  when  lawfully  formed  for  lawful  purposes, 
are  alike  entitled  to  the  protection  of  the  laws,  but  both  are  subject  to  the  laws,  and 
neither  can  be  permitted  to  break  them. 

Tribute  to  31clvinley  — The  great  statesman  and  patriotic  American,  William 
McKinley,  who  was  re-elected  by  the  Republican  party  to  the  Presidency  four  years  ago. 
was  assassinated  just  at  the  threshhold  or  his  second  term.  The  entire  nation  mourned  his 
imtlmely  death,  and  did  that  justice  to  his  great  qualities  of  mind  and  character  which 
history  will  confirm   and  repeat. 

President  Roosevelt  Euloffized.— The  American  people  were  fortunate  in  his 
successor,  to  whom  they  turned  with  a  trust  and  confidence  which  have  been  fully  justified. 
] 'resident  Roosevelt  brought  to  the  great  responsibilities  thus  sadly  forced  upon  him  a 
clear  head,  a  brave  heart,  an  earnest  patriotism,  and  high  ideals  of  public  duty  and  public 
service.  True  to  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party  and  to  the  policies  which  that 
party  had  declared,  he  has  also  shown  himself  ready  for  every  emergency  and  has  met 
new  and  vital  questions  with  ability  and  with  success. 

The  confidence  of  the  people  in  his  justice,  inspired  by  his  public  career,  enabled  him 
to  render  personally  an  inestimable  service  to  the  country  by  bringing  about  a  settlement 
of  the  coal  strike,  which  threatened  such  disastrous  results  at  "the  opening  of  Winter  in  1902. 

Our  foreign  policy  under  his  administration  has  not  only  been  able,  vigorous,  and 
dignified,  but  In  the  highest  degree  successful.  The  complicated  questions  which  aroser 
in  Venezuela  were  settled  in  such  a  way  by  President  Roosevelt  that  the  Monroe  Doctrine 
was  sigrnally  vindicated,   and  the  cause  of  peace  and   arbitration  greatly   advanced. 

His  prompt  anci  viforous  action  in  Panama,  whjch  we  commend  in  the  highest  term9# 


254  Kational  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

NATIONAL  PLATFORMS  OF  POLITICAL  PARTIES— CoM/m?<frf. 

not  only  secured  to  us  the  canal  route,  but  avoided  foreign  complications  which  might 
have   been   of  a  very   serious   character. 

He  has  continued  the  policy  of  President  McKinley  in  the  Orient  and  our  position  in 
China,  signalized  by  our  recent  commercial  treaty  with  that  empire,  has  never  been  so  high. 

He  secured  the  tribunal  by  which  the  vexed  and  perilous  question  of  the  Alaskan 
boundary   was    finally   settled. 

Whenever  crimes  against  humanity  have  been  perpetrated  which  have  shocked  our 
people,  his  protest  has  been  made  and  our  good  offices  have  been  tendered,  but  always 
with  due  regard  to  international  obligations. 

Under  his  guidance  we  find  ourselves  at  peace  with  all  the  world,  and  never  were 
we  more  respected  or  our  wishes  more  regarded  by  foreign  nations. 

Pre-eminently  successful  in  regard  to  our  foreign  relations,  he  has  been  equally  for- 
tunate in  dealing  with  domestic  questions.  The  country  has  known  that  the  public  credit 
and  the  national  currency  were  absolutely  safe  in  the  hands  of  his  Administration.  In  the 
enforcement  of  the  laws  he  has  shown  not  only  courage,  but  the  wisdom  which  under- 
stands that  to  permit  lawc  to  be  violated  or  disregarded  opens  the  door  to  anarchy,  while 
the  just  enforcement  of  the  law  is  the  soundest  conservatism.  He  has  held  firmly  to  the 
fundamental  American  doctrine  that  all  men  must  obey  the  law;  that  there  must  be  no 
distinction  between  rich  and  poor,  between  sti-ong  and  weak;  but  that  justice  and  equal 
protection  under  the  law  must  be  secured  to  every  citizen  without  regard  to  race,  creed 
or  condition. 

His  administration  throughout  has  been  vigorous  and  honorable,  high-minded  and 
patriotic.  We  commend  it  without  reservation  to  the  consideiate  judgment  of  the 
American  people. 

PLATFORM    OF    THE    PEOPLE'S    PARTY,    ADOPTED    AT    SPRINGFIELD,    ILL., 

JULY    4,    1904. 

The  People's  parts'  reaffirms  its  adherence  to  the  basic  truths  of  the  Omaha  platform  of 
1802.  and  of  the  subsequent  platforms  of  1896  and  1000.  In  session  in  its  fourth  national 
convention  on  July  4,.  1004.  in  the  city  of  Springfield.  111.,  it  draws  inspiration  from 
the  day  that  saw  the  birth  of  the  nation  as  well  as  its  own  birth  as  a  party,  and  also  from- 
the  soul  of  him  who  lived  at  its  present  place  of  meeting.  We  renew  our  "allegiance  to  the 
old-fashioned  American  spirit  that  gave  this  nation  existence,  and  made  it  distinctive 
among  the  peoples  of  the  earth.  We  again  sound  the  key-note  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  that  all  men  are  created  equal  in  a  political  sense,  which  was  the  sense  in 
which  that  instrument,  being ,a,  political  document,  intended  that  the  utterance  should  be 
understood.  We  assert  that  the  departure  from  this  fundamental  truth  is  responsible  for 
the  ills  from  which  we  suffer  as  a  nation,  that  the  giving  of  special  privileges  to  the 
few  has  enabled  them  to  dominate  the  many,  thereby  tending  to  destroy  the  political 
equality    which    is    the    cornerstone    of   democratic    government. 

Holding  fast  to  the  truths  of  the  fathers,  we  vigorously  protest  against  the  spirit 
of  mammonism  and  of  thinly  veiled  monarchy  that  is  invading  certain  sections  of  our 
national  life,  and  of  the  very  administration  itself.  This  is  a  nation  of  peace,  and  we 
deplore  the  appeal  to  the  spirit  of  force  and  militarism  which  is  shown  in  ill-advised  and 
vainglorious  boasting  and  in  more  harmful  ways  in  the  denial  of  the  rights  of  man 
under   martial   law. 

A  political  democracy  and  an  industrial  despotism  cannot  exist  side  by  side,  and 
now^here  is  this  truth  more  plainly  shown  than  in  the  gigantic  transportation  monopolies 
which  have  bred  all  sorts  of  kindred  trusts,  subverted  the  governments  of  many  of  the 
States,  or  established  their  official  agents  in  the  National  Government.  We  submit  that 
It  is  better  for  the  Government  to  own  the  railroads  than  for  the  railroads  to  own  the 
Government,   and  that  one  or  the  other  alternative  seems  inevitable. 

We  call  the  attention  of  our  fellow-citizens  to  the  fact  that  the  surrender  of  both  of 
the  old  parties  to  corporative  influences  leaves  the  People's  party  the  only  party  of 
reform   In   the  nation. 

Therefore  we  submit  the  following  platform  of  principles  to   the   American  people: 

Money  and  Bnnlcs. — The  Issuing  of  money  is  a  function  of  government,  and  should 
never  be  delegated  to  corporations  or  individuals.  *  The  Constitution  gives  to  Congress  alone 
power    to    issue    money    and    re,gulate    its    value. 

We  therefore  demand  that  all  money  shall  be  issued  by  the  Government  in  such 
quantity  as  shall  maintain  a  stability  in  prices,  every  dollar  to  be  full  legal  tender,  none 
of  wliich   shall  be  a  debt  redeemable  in  other  money. 

Saving's  Banks. — We  demand  that  postal  savings  banks  be  established  by  the  gov- 
ernment for  the   safe  deposit  of  the  savings   of  the  people.  ^ 

Ijabor.— We  believe  in  the  right  of  labor  to  organize  for  the  benefit  and  protection 
of  those  who  toll,  and  pledge  the  efforts  of  the  People's  party  to  preserve  this  right 
inviolate.  Capital  is  organized  and  has  no  right  to  deny  to  labor  the  privilege  which  it 
claims  for  itself.  We  feel  that  intelligent  organization  of  labor  is  essential;  that  it  raises 
the  standard  of  workmanship;  promotes  the  efficiency,  intelligence,  independence,  and 
character  of  the  wage  earner.  We  believe  with  Abraham  Lincoln  thai  labor  is  prior  to 
capital,  and  is  not  its  slave,  but  its  companion,  and  we  plead  for  that  broad  spirit  of 
toleratinrn  and  justice  which  will  promote  industrial  peace  through  the  observance  of  the 
principles  of  voluntary  arbitration. 

We  favor  the  enactment  of  legislation  looking  to  the  improvement  of  conditions  for 
wage  earners,  the  abolition  of  child  labor,  the  suppression  of  sweat  shops,  and  of  convict 
labor  in  competition  with  free  labor,  and  the  exclusion  from  American  shores  of  foreign 
pauper    labor. 

We  favor  the  shorter  work  day.  and  declare  that  if  eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  labor 
In  Government  service,  that  eight  hours  should  constitute  a  day's  labor  in  factories, 
workshops   and   mines.  ^ 

InitiatiT-e  and  Referendnni.— As  a  means  of  placing  all  public  questions  directly 
under  the  control  of  the  people,  we  demand  that  legal  provision  be  made  under  which  the 


2^ational  Platforms  of  Political  Parties.  265 

NATIONAL  PLATFORMS  OF  POLITICAL  PARTIES— Con<mw€cf. 

people  may  exercise  the  initiative,  referendum,  and  proportional  representation,  and  direct 
vote    for   all    public    officers    with    the    right    of    recall. 

TI»e  LiUiid. — Land,  including-  all  tiie  natural  sources  of  wealth,  is  a  heritage  of  all 
the  people,  and  should  not  be  monopolized  for  speculative  purposes,  and  alien  ownership  of 
land    should    be    prohibited. 

Uuuian  Ri KlitN.— We  demand  a  return  to  the  original  interpretation  of  the  Con- 
stitution and  a  fair  and  impartial  enforcement  of  laws  under  it,  and  denounce  government 
by   injunction   and   imprisonment  without   the  right   of   trial   by   jury. 

Trusts  and  Monopoly. — To  prevent  unjust  discrimination  and  monopoly  the  gov- 
ernment should  own  and  control  the  railroads,  and  those  public  utilities  which  in  their 
nature  are  monopolies.  To  perfect  the  postal  sei'vice.  the  Government  should  own  and 
operate  the  g-eneral   telegraph  and  telephone  systems  and  provide  a  parcels   post. 

As  to  these  trusta  and  monopolies  which  are  not  public  utilities  or  natural  monopolies, 
we  demand  that  those  special  privileges  which  they  now  enjoy,  and  which  alone  enable 
them  to  exist,  should  be  immediately  withdrawn.  Corporations  being  the  creatures  of 
government  should  be  subjected  to  such  governmental  regulations  and  control  as  will 
adequately  protect  the  public.  We  demand  the  taxation  Jof  monopoly  privileges,  while 
they  remain   in  private  hands,   to   the  extent  of  the  value  or  the  privilege   granted. 

We  demand  that  Congress  shall  enact  a  general  law  uniformly  regulating  the  power  and 
duties  of  ail  incorporated  companies  doing  interstate  business. 


PLATFORM     OF     THE     SOCIALIST     PARTY,    ADOPTED    AT     CHICAGO,    ILL., 

MAY    5,    1904. 

I. — The  Socialist  party,  in  convention  assembled,  makes  its  appeal  to  the  American 
people  as  the  defender  and  preserver  of  the  ideal  of  liberty  and  self-government,  in  which 
the  nation  was  born;  as  the  only  political  movement  standing,  for  the  progxamine  and  prin- 
ciples by  which  the  liberty  of  the  individual  may  become  a  fact;  as  the  only  political  organ- 
ization that  is  democratic,  and  that  has  for  its  pui'pose  the  democratizing  of  the  whole 
of  society. 

To  this  idea  of  libortj'  the  Republican  and  Democratic  parties  are  equally  false.  They 
alike  struggle  for  power  to  maintain  and  profit  by  an  industrial  system  which  can  be  pre- 
served only  by  the  complete  overthrow  of  such  liberties  as  we  already  have,  and  by  the  still 
further  enslavement  and  degradation  of  labor. 

Our  American  institutions  came  into  the  world  in  the  name  of  freedom.  They  have 
been  seized  upon  by  the  capitalist  class  as  the  means  of  rooting  out  the  idea  of  freedoin 
from  among  the  people.  Our  State  and  National  Legislatures  have  become  the  mere  agencies 
of  great  protected  interests.  These  interests  control  the  appointments  and  decisions  of  the 
judges  of  our  courts.  They  have  come  into  what  is  practically  a  private  ownership  of  all 
the  functions  and  forces  of  government.  They  are  using  these  to  betray  and  conquer 
foreign  and  weaker  peoples  in  order  to  establish  new  markets  for  the  surplus  goods  which 
the  people  make,  but  are  too  poor  to  buy.  They  are  gradually  so  invading  and  restricting 
the  right  of  suffrage  as  to  take  away  unawares  the  right  of  the  worker  to  a  vote  or  voice 
in  public  affairs.  By  enacting  new,  and  misinterpreting  old,  laws,  they  are  preparing  to 
attack  the  liberty  of  the  individual  even  to  speak  or  think  for  himself,  or  for  the  common 
good. 

By  controlling  all  the  sources  of  social  revenue,  the  possessing  class  is  able  to  silence 
what  might  be  the  voice  of  protest  against  the  passing  of  liberty  and  the  coming  of  tyranny. 
It  completely  controls  the  university  and  public  school,  the  pulpit  and  the  press,  and  the 
arts  and  literature.  By  making  these  economically  dependent  upon  itself,  it  has  brought 
all  the  forms  of  public  teaching  into  servile  submission  to  its  own  interests. 

Our  political  institutions  are  also  being  used  as  the  destroyers  of  that  individual  prop- 
erty upon  which  all  liberty  and  opportunity  depend.  The  promise  of  economic  independence 
to  each  man  was  one  of  the  faiths  upon  which  our  institutions  were  founded.  But  under 
the  guise  of  defending  private  property,  capitalism  is  using  our  politica.l  institutions  to 
make  it  impossible  for  the  vast  majority  of  human  beings  ever  to  become  possessors  of 
private  property  in  the  means  of  life. 

Capitalism  is  the  enemy  and  destroyer  of  essential  private  property.  Its  development 
is  through  the  legalized  confiscation  of  all  that  the  labor  of  the  working  class  produces, 
above  its  subsistence-wage.  The  private  ownership  of  the  means  of  employment  grounds 
society  in  an  economic  slavery  which  renders  intellectual  and  political  tyranny  inevitable. 

Socialism  comes  so  to  organize  industry  and  society  that  every  individual  shall  be 
secure  in  that  private  property  in  the  means  of  life  upon  which  his  liberty  of  being,  thought 
and  action  depend.  It  comes  to  rescue  the  people  from  the  fast  increasing  and  successful 
assault  of  capitalism  upon  the  liberty  of  the  individual. 

II.— As  an  American  socialist  party,  we  pledge  our  fidelity  to  the  principles  of  inter- 
national socialism,  as  embodied  in  the  united  thought  and  action  of  the  socialists  of  all 
nations.  In  the  industrial  development  already  accomplished,  the  Interests  of  the  world's 
workers  are  sepai-ated  by  no  national  botxndaries.  The  condition  of  the  most  exploited  and 
oppressed  workers,  in  the  most  remote  places  of  the  earth.  Inevitably  tends  to  drag  down 
all  the  workers  of  the  world  to  the  same  level.  The  tendency  of  the  competitive  wage  sys- 
tem is  to  make  labor's  lowest  condition  the  measure  or  rule  of  its  universal  condition. 
Industry  and  finance  are  no  longer  national,  but  international,  in  both  organization  and 
results.  The  chief  significance  of  national  boundaries,  and  of  the  so-called  patriotisms 
which  the  ruling  class  of  each  nation  is  seeking  to  revive,  is  the  power  which  these  give 
to  capitalism  to  keep  the  workers  of  the  world  from  uniting,  and  to  throw  them  against 
each  other  in  the  struggles  of  contending  capitalist  interests  for  the  control  of  the  yet  unex- 
ploited  markets  of  the  world  or  the  remaining  sources  of  profit. 

The  socialist  movement,  therefore,  is  a  world-movement.  It  knows  of  no  conflicts  of 
interests  between  the  workers  of  one  nation  and  the  workers  of  another.     It  stands  for  the 


256  National  JPlatfonns  of  Political  Parties. 

KATIOXAL  PLATFORMS  OP  POLITICAL  PARTIES— Co;i/mi/<'tZ. 

freedom  of  the  workers  of  all  natians;  and,  in  so  standing,  it  makes  for  the  full  freedom  of 
all  humanity. 

III. — The  socialist  movement  owes  its  birth  and  growth  to  that  economic  development 
or  world-process  which  is  rapidly  separating  a  working  or  producing  class  fi-om  a  possessing 
or  capitalistic  class.  The  class  that  produces  nothing  possesses  labor's  fruits,  and  the 
ojiportunities  and  enjoyments  these  fruits  afford,  while  the  class  that  does  the  world's 
real  work  has  increasing  economic  uncertainty,  and  physical  and  intellectual  misery,  for  its 
portion. 

The  fact  that  these  two  classes  have  not  yet  become  fully  conscious  of  their  distinction 
from  each  other;  the  fact  that  the  lines  of  division  and  interests  nxay  not  yet  be  clearly 
drawn,  does  not  change  the  fact  of  the  class  conflict. 

This  class  struggle  is  due  to  the  private  ownership  of  the  means  of  employment,  or  the 
tools  of  production.  Whenever  and  wherever  man  owned  his  own  lard  and  tools,  and  by 
them  produced  only  the  things  which  he  used,  economic  independence  was  possible.  But 
even  thousands,  enters  into  almost  every  article  produced.  Production  is  now  social  or 
collective.  Practically  everything  is  made  or  done  by  many  men — sometimes  separated  by 
seas  or  continents — working  together  for  the  same  end.  But  this  co-operation  in  production 
Is  not  for  the  direct  use  of  the  things  made  by  the  workers  who  make  them,  but  for  the 
profit  of  the  owner  of  the  tools  and  means  of  production;  and  to  this  is  due  the  present 
division  of  society  into  two  classes;  and  from  it  have  sprung  all  the  miseries,  inharmonies 
and  contradictions  of  our  civilization. 

Between  these  two  classes  there  can  be  no  possible  compromise  or  identity  of  interests, 
any  more  than  there  can  be  peace  in  the  mfdst  of  war,  or  light  in  the  midst  of  darkness. 
A  society  based  upon  this  class  division  carries  in  itself  the  seeds  of  its  own  destruction. 
Such  a  society  is  founded  in  fimdamental  injustice.  There  can  be  no  possible  basis  for 
social  peace,  for  individual  freedom,  for  mental  and  moral  harmony,  except  in  the  con- 
scious and  complete  triumph  of  the  working  class  as  tlie  only  class  that  has  the  right  or 
power  to  be. 

IV.— The  socialist  programme  is  not  a  theory  imposed  upon  society  for  its  acceptance  or 
rejection.  It  is  but  the  interpretation  of  what  Is,  sooner  or  later,  inevitable.  Capitalism  is 
already  struggling  to  its  destruction.  It  is  no  longer  competent  to  organize  or  administer 
the  work  of  the  world,  or  even  to  preserve  itself.  The  captains  of  industry  are  appalled  at 
their  own  inability  to  control  or  direct  the  rapidly  socializing  forces  of  industry.  The 
so-called  trust  is  but  a  sign  and  form  of  the  developing  socialization  of  the  world's  work. 
The  universal  increase  of  the  uncertainty  of  employment,  the  universal  capitalist  deter- 
mination to  break  down  the  unity  of  labor  in  the  trades  unions,  the  widespread  apprehen- 
sions of  impending  change,  reveal  that  the  institutions  of  capitalist  society  are  passing 
under  the  power  of  inhering  forces  that  will   soon  destroy  them. 

Into  the  midst  of  the  strain  and  crisis  of  civilization  the  socialist  movement  comes  as 
the  only  conservative  force.  If  the  world  is  to  be  saved  from  chaos,  from  universal  dis- 
order and  misery,  it  must  be  by  the  union  of  the  workers  of  all  nations  in  the  socialist 
movement.  The  Socialist  party  comes  with  the  only  proposition  or  programme  for  Intelli- 
gently and  deliberately  organizing  the  nation  for  the  common  good  of  all  its  citizens.  It  is 
the  first  time  that  the  mind  of  man  has  ever  been  directed  toward  the  conscious  organiza- 
tion of  society. 

Socialism  means  that  all  those  things  upon  which  the  people  in  common  depend  shall 
by  the  people  in  common  be  owned  and  administered.  It  means  that  the  tools  of  employ- 
ment shall  belong  to  their  creators  and  users;  that  all  production  shall  be  for  the  direct 
use  of  the  producers;  that  the  making  of  goods  for  profit  shall  come  to  an  end;  that  we 
shall  all  be  workers  together;  and  that  all  opportunities  shall  be  open  and  equal  to  all  men. 

V. — To  the  end  that  the  workers  may  seize  every  possible  advantage  that  may  strengthen 
them  to  gain  complete  control  of  the  powers  of  government,  and  thereby  the  sooner  estab- 
lish the  co-operative  commonwealth,  the  Socialist  party  pledges  itself  to  watch  and  work, 
in  both  the  economic  and  the  political  struggle,  for  each  successive  immediate  interest  of 
the  working  class;  for  shortened  days  of  labor  and  increases  of  wages;  for  the  insurance 
of  the  workers  against  accident,  sickness  and  lack  of  employment;  for  pensions  for  aged 
and  exhausted  workers;  for  the  jjublic  ownership  of  the  means  of  transportation,  communi- 
cation and  exchange;  for  the  graduated  taxation  of  incomes,  inheritances,  franchises  and 
land  values,  the  proceeds  to  be  applied  to  the  public  employment  and  improvement  of  the 
condition  of  the  workers;  for  the  complete  education  of  children  and  their  freedom  from 
the  workshops;  for  the  prevention  of  the  use  of  the  military  against  labor  in  the  settlement 
of  strikes;  for  the  free  administration  of  justice;  for  popular  government,  Including  Initia- 
tive, referendum,  proportional  representation,  equal  suffrage  of  men  and  women,  municipal 
home  rule,  and  the  recall  of  officers  by  their  constituents;  and  for  every  gain  or  advantage 
for  the  workers  that  may  be  wrested  from  the  capitalist  system,  and  that  may  relieve  the 
suffering  and  strengthen  the  hands  of  labor.  We  lay  upon  every  man  elected  to  any  execu- 
tive or  legislative  office  the  first  duty  of  striving  to  procure  whatever  is  for  the  workers' 
most  immediate  interest,  and  for  whatever  will  lessen  the  economic  and  political  powers 
of  the  capitalist  and  increase  the  like  powers  of  the  worker.  • 

But,  in  so  doing,  we  are  using  these  remedial  measures  as  means  to  the  one  great  end 
of  the  co-operative  commonwealth.  Such  measures  of  relief  as  we  may  be  able  to  force 
from  capitalism  are  but  a  preparation  of  the  workers  to  seize  the  whole  powers  of  govern- 
ment, in  order  that  they  may  thereby  lay  hold  of  the  whole  system  of  industry,  and  thus 
come   into   their  rightful   inheritance. 

To  this  end  we  pledge  ourselves,  as  the  party  of  the  working  class,  to  use  all  political 
power,  as  fast  as  it  shall  be  intrusted  to  us  by  our  fellow-workers,  both  for  their  Immediate 
Interests  and  for  their  ultimate  and  complete  emancipation.  To  this  end  we  appeal  to  all 
the  workers  of  America,  and  to  all  who  will  lend  their  lives  to  the  service  of  the  workers 
in  their  struggle  to  gain  their  own,  and  to  all  who  will  nobly  and  disinterestedly  give 
their  days  and  energies  unto  the  workers'  cause,  to  cast  in  their  lot  and  faith  with  the 
Socialist  party.  Our  appeal  for  the  trust  and  suffrage  of  our  fellow-workers  is  at  once 
au  appeal  for  their  common  good  and  freedom,  and  for  the  freedom  and  blossoming  of  our 


National  Platforms  of  Political  Parties.  25t 

NATIONAL  PLATFORMS  OF  POLITICAL  PARTIES— 6'on^tvmcd. 


common  humanity.  In  pledging^  ourselves,  and  those  we  represent,  to  be  faithful  to  the 
appeal  which  we  make,  we  believe  that  we  are  but  preparing  the  soil  of  that  economic 
freedom  from  which  will  spi'ing  the  freedom  of  the  whole  man. 


PLATFORM    OF    THE    SOCIALIST    LABOR    PARTY,    ADOPTED  AT   NEW   YORK 

JULY,    1904. 

The  Socialist  Labor  party  of  America,  in  convention  assembled,  reasserts  the  inalienable 
right  of  man  to  life,   liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness. 

•  We  hold  that  the  purpose  of  government  is  to  secure  to  every  citizen  the  enjoyment 
of  this  right;  but,  taught  by  experience,  we  hold  furthermore  that  such  right  is  illusory  to 
the  majority  of  the  people,  to  wit,  the  working  class,  under  the  present  system  of  economic 
inequ^-lity  that  is  essentially  destructive  of  their  life,  their  liberty,  and  their  happiness. 

We  hold  that  the  true  theory  of  politics  is  that  the  machinery  of  government  must  be 
controlled  by  the  whole  people;  but  again,  taught  by  experience,  we  hold,  furthermore,,  that 
the  true  theory  of  economics  is  that  the  means  of  production  must  likewise  be  owned, 
operated  and  controlled  by  the  people  in  common.  Man  cannot  exercise  his  right  of  life, 
liberty  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness  without  the  ownership  of  the  land  on  and  the  tool  with 
■which  to  work.  Deprived  of  these,  his  life,  his  liberty,  and  his  fate  fall  into  the  hands  of 
the  class  that  owns   those  essentials  for  work  and  production. 

We  hold  that  the  existing  contradiction  between  the  .theory  of  democratic  government 
and  the  fact  of  a  despotic  economic  system — the  private  ownership  of  the  natural  and 
social  opportunities — divides  the  people  into  two  classes — the  capitalist  class  and  the  working 
class;  throws  society  into  the  convulsions  of  the  class  struggle,  and  perverts  government  to 
the  exclusive  benefit   of  the  capitalist   class. 

Thus  labor  is  robbed  of  the  wealth  which  it  alone  produces,  is  denied  the  means  of  self- 
employment,  and,  by  compulsory  idleness  in  wage  slavery,  is  even  deprived  of  the  neces- 
saries of  life. 

Against  such  a  system  the  Socialist  Labor  party  raises  the  banner  of  revolt,  and 
demands  the  unconditional  surrender  of  the  capitalist  class. 

The  time  is  fast  coming  when,  in  the  natural  course  of  social  evolution,  this  system, 
through  the  destructive  action  of  its  failures  and  crisis  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  construc- 
tive tendencies  of  its  trusts  and  other  capitalist  combinations  on  the  other  hand,  will  have 
worked  out  its  own  downfall. 

We,  therefore,  call  upon  the  wage-workers  of  America  to  organize  under  the  banner  of 
the  Socialist  Labor  party  into  a  class-conscious  body,  aware  of  its  rights,  and  determined 
to  conquer  them.  < 

And  we  also  call  upon  all  other  intelligent  citizens  to  place  themselves  squarely  upon 
the  ground  of  working-class  interests,  and  join  us  in  this  mighty  and  noble  work  of  human 
emancipation,  so  that  we  may  put  summary  end  to  the  existing  barbarous  class  conflict  by- 
placing  the  land  and  all  the  means  of  production,  transportation  and  distribution  into  the 
hands  of  the  people  as  a  collective  body,  and  substituting  the  co-operative  commonwealth 
for  the  present  state  of  planless  production,  industrial  war  and  social  disorder — a  common- 
wealth in  which  every  worker  shall  have  the  free  exercise  and  full  benefit  of  his  faculties, 
multiplied  by  all  the  modern  factors  of  civilization. 


PLATFORM     OF    THE     PROHIBITION     PARTY     ADOPTED    AT    INDIANAPOLIS, 

JUNE    30,    1904. 

The  Prohibition  party,  in  national  convention,  assembled,  at  Indianapolis,  June  30.  1904, 
recognizing  t)iat  the  chief  end  of  all  government  is  the  establishment  of  those  principles 
of  righteousness  and  justice  which  have  been  revealed  to  men  as  the  will  of  the  ever-living 
God,  desiring  His  blessing  upon  our  national  life,  and  believing  in  the  perpetuation  of  tha 
high  Ideals  of  government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and  for  the  people,  established 
by  our  fathers,  makes  the  following  declaration  of  principles  and  purposes: 

The  Most  Important  Qnestiou.  in  American  Politics.— The  widely  prevail- 
ing system  of  the  licensed  and  legalized  sale  of  alpoholic  bevei-ages  is  so  ruinous  to  individ- 
ual intere-ts,  so  fnimical  to  public  welfare,  so  destructive  of  national  wealth,  and  so  sub- 
versive of  the  rights  of  great  masses  of  our  citizenship,  that  the  destruction  of  the  traffic 
is,  and  for  years  has  been,  the  most  important  question  in  American  politics, 

Isrnored  1>t  Democratic  and  Republican  liCaders.— We  denounce  the  lack 
of  statesmanship  exhibited  by  the  leaders  of  the  Democratic  and  Republican  parties  in  their 
refusal  to  recognize  the  paramount  importaijce  of  this  question,  and  the  cowardice  with 
which  the  leaders  of  these  parties  have  courted  the  favor  of  those  whose  selfish  interests 
are  advanced  by  the  continuation  and  augmentation  of  the  traffic,  until  to-day  the  influ- 
ence of  the  liquor  traffic  practically  dominates  national^  State  and  local  government 
throughout  the  nation. 

Reprnlation  a  Failure— License  Money  a  Bribe. — We  declare  the  truth, 
demonstrated  by  the  experience  of  half  a  century,  that  all  methods  of  dealing  with  the 
liquor  traffic  which  recognize  its  right  to  exist,  in  any  form,  under  any  system  of  license 
or  tax  or  regulation,  have  proved  powerless  to  remove  its  evils,  and  useless  as  checks  upon 
its  growth,  while  the  insignificant  public  revenues  which  have  accrued  therefrom  have 
seared  the   public   conscience   against   a   recognition   of   its    iniquity. 

Prohibitory  Lavir,  Administered  by  Its  Friends,  the  Only  Hope. — ^W« 
call  public  attention  to  the  fact,  proved  by  the  experience  of  more  than  fifty  years,  that  to 


258  National  Platforms  of  Political  Parties. 

NATIONAL  PLATFORMS  OP  POLITICAL  FARTIY.^— Continued. 

secure  the  enactment  and  enforcement  of  prohibitory  legislation,  in  which  alone  lies  the 
nope  of  the  protection  of  the  people  from  the  liquor  traffic,  it  is  necessary  that  the  legisla- 
tive, executive  and  judicial  branches  of  government  should  be  in  the  hands  of  a  political 
party  in  harmony  with  the  prohibition  principle,  and  pledged  to  its  embodiment  in  law, 
and  to  the  execution  of  those  laws. 

Party  Will  Enact  and  Enforce  Proliibitory  Lavrs.— We  pledge  the  Prohibi- 
tion party,  wherever  given  power  by  the  suffragists  of  the  people,  to  the  enactment  and 
enforcement  of  laws  prohibiting  and  abolishing  the  manufacture,  importation,  transporta- 
tion and  sale  of  alcoholic  beverages. 

No  Otlier  Issue  of  Equal  Importance. — We  declare  that  there  is  not  only  no 
other  issue  of  equal  importance  before  the  American  people  to-day,  but  that  the  so-called 
issues  upon  which  the  Democratic  and  Republican  parties  seek  to  divide  the  electorate  of 
the  country  are,  in  large  part,  subterfuges*  under  the  cover  of  which  they  wrangle  for  the 
spoils  of  office. 

Attitude  on  Other  Public  Questions.— Recognizing  that  the  intelligent  voters 
of  the  country  may  properly  ask  our  attitude  upon  other  questions  of  public  concern,  we 
declare  ourselves  in  favor  of: 

The  impartial  enforcement  of  all   law. 

The  safeguarding  of  the  people's  rights  by  a  rigid  application  of  the  principles  of 
justice   to   all   combinations   and  organizations   of  capital   and   labor. 

The  recognition  of  the  fact  that  the  right  of  suffrage  should  depend  upon  the  mental 
and  moral  qualifications  of  the  citizen. 

A  more  intimate  relation  between  the  people  and  government,  by  a  wise  application  of 
the  principle  of  the  initiative  and  referendum. 

Such  changes  in  our  laws  as  will  place  tariff  schedules  in  the  hands  of  an  onani- 
partisan   commission. 

The  application  of  uniform  laws  to  all  our  country  and  dependencies. 

The  election   of  United   States   Senators  by  vote  of  the   people. 

The   extension   and   honest   administration    of   the   Civil   Service   laws. 

The  safeguarding  of  every  citizen  in  every  place  under  the  government  of  the  people 
of  the  United  States,   in  all   the  rights  guaranteed  by  the  laws   and   the  Constitution. 

International  arbitration,  and  we  declare  that  our  nation  should  contribute,  in  every 
manner  consistent  with  national  dignity,  to  the  permanent  establishment  of  peace  between 
all  nations. 

The  reform  of  our  divorce  laws,  the  final  extirpation  of  polygamy,  and  the  total  over- 
throw of  the  present  shameful  system  of  the  illegal  sanction  of  the  social  evil,  with  its 
unspeakable  ti-affic  in  ginls,  by  the  municipal  authorities  of  almost  all  our  cities/' 


PLATFORM    OF   THE    UNITED    CHRISTIAN    PASTY,  ADOPTED   AT    ST.   LOUIS, 

MO.,    MAY    2,    1904. 

We,  the  United  Christian  party,  in  national  mass  convention  assembled  in  His  name, 
in  the  City  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  May  2,  1904,  acknowledging  Almighty  God  as  our  Father  and 
Jesus  Christ  as  our  leader,  commander,  governor  and  king;  believing  that  the  time  has 
now  come  when  all  Christians  and  patriots  should  unite  on  the  day  of  election  and  vote 
direct  on  all  questions  of  vital  importance,  and  apply  Christian  golden  rule  to  all  gov- 
ernment by  and  for  the  people,  do  hereby  declare  that  the  platform  and  purpose  of  the 
United  Christian  party  is  and  shall  be  to  work  and  stand  for  union  in  His  name,  according 
to  the  Lord's  Prayer,  for  the  fulfilment  of  God's  law  through  direct  legislation  of  the 
people  governed  by  the  golden  rule,   regardless  of  sex,   creed,   color,  nationality. 

As  an  expression  of  consent  or  allegiance  on  the  part  of  the  governed,  in  harmony  with 
Ihe  above   statements — 

We  also  declare  in  favor  of  direct  legislation  providing  for  an  equal  standard  of  morals 
for  both  sexes,  and  most  vigorously  oppose  the  ti-affic  in  girls  and  all  forms  of  the 
social   evil. 

We  are  opposed  to  war  and  condemn  mob  violence. 

We  favor  government  ownership  of  coal  mines,  oil  wells  and  public  utilities. 

We  are  opposed  to  government  revenue  from  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquor    as    a    beverage. 

We  are  opposed  to  all  trusts  and  combines  contrary  to  the  welfare  of  the  common 
people,  and  declare  that  Christian  government  through  direct  legislation  will  regulate  the 
trusts  and  labor  problem  according  to  the  golden  rule. 


PREAMBLE    TO    THE    PLATFORM    OF    THE   CONTINENTAL   PARTY,  ADOPTED 

AT    CHICAGO,    ILL.,   AUGUST    31,    1904. 

The  Continental  party  of  the  United  States,  in  first  national  convention  assembled,  in 
the  City  of  Chicago,  August  31,  1904,   announces  the  following  platform  and  principles: 

The  objects  and  ends  of  the  Continental  party,  as  set  forth  in  its  charter,  are:  "To 
enlist  the  co-operation  of  legal  voters  throughout  the  United  States  in  earnest  and  hon- 
orable efforts  to  repeal  unjust  laws  in  every  branch  of  government,  and,  in  their  stead, 
to  secure  the  enactment  and  enforcement  of  other  laws  better  adapted  to  'establish  justice. 
Insure  domestic  tranquillity,  promote  the  general  welfare,'  and  secure  the  election  or 
appointment  to  office  of  honest  and  capable  men." 

Paramount  Issues. — The  questions  pertaining  to  money,  the  tariff,  trans]»ortation, 
trusts  and  corporations,  the  race  problem,  the  labor  problem,  are  pre-eminently  live  issues. 
Which  can  never  be  permanently  settled  until  they  are  settled  right. 


State  Party  Platforms   of  1907  on  National  Issues.        259 

eStatt  J^atts  J^latforms  of  1907  on  NatConal  ^nuutn. 

There  were  but  few  State  conventions  of  political  parties  in  1007.  Although  there 
was  a  State  election  in  New  York,  the  candidates  were  nominated  by  the  Democratic  and 
Republican  State  Committees,  which  issued  no  declarations  of  principles.  The  Kentucky 
Democrats  held  no  convention,  the  ticket  having  been  nominated  at  a  State  primary  the 
previous  year.  A  large  part  of  the  platforms  adopted  by  the  conventions  of  1907  was 
devoted  to  local  issues.     The  following  were  the  references  to  national  affairs: 

PRESIDENT    ROOSEVELT'S    ADMINISTRATION. 

Kentiicliy.— We  approve  the  policies  and  commend  the  ability,  courage  and  in- 
tegrity of  President  Theodore  Roosevelt  and  his  administration,  and,  without  expressing 
preference  for  any  candidate,  favor  the  selection  of  the  national  convention  for  President 
of  one  in  full  accord  with  those  policies  and  who  will  energetically  carry  them  out  in  the 
interests  of  all  the  people. 

aiaryland.— The  Maryland  Republican  platform  heartily  indorsed  the  national 
administration. 

•  Massaclmsetts.— We  heartily  commend  the  administration  of  President  Roosevelt. 
It  has  been  progressive,  courageous  and  effective;  it  has  promoted  the  welfare  of  the 
whole  people,  and  has  enforced  the  laws  and  compelled  their  observance  by  all  persons, 
rich  and  poor,   high  and   low  alike. 

Nebraska.— As  the  representatives  of  the  Republicans  of  Nebraska,  in  State  con- 
vention assembled,  we  again  commend  the  inspiring  character  and  undaunted  leadership 
of  Theodora  Roosevelt.  We  especially  indorse  what  he  has  accomplished,  with  the 
support  of  a  Republican  Congress,  toward  subjecting  the  overweening  railroads  engaged 
in  interstate  commerce  to  the  regulating  arm  of  the  Government,  and  in  curbing  the 
rapacity  of  the  lawless  trusts  by  forcing  them  to  desist  from  their  criminal  practices. 
These  policies  have  our  unqualified  approval,  and  in  order  that  no  backward  step  be 
taken,  we  will  insist  that  his  successor  be  a  man-  whose  record  pledges  a  continuance 
of  the   distinctive   policies   of   the   Roosevelt   administration. 

NetT-  Jersey.— Wo  indorse  the  administration  of  President  Roosevelt  as  courageous 
and  patriotic,  distinguished  by  intelligent,  earnest  and  successful  efforts  to  promote  the 
welfare  of  all  the  people.  Continued  prosperity  has  been  maintained  in  every  branch  of 
industry,  and  the  position  of  the  nation  at  home  and  abroad  is  stronger  and  better  than 
at  any  time  in  its  history. 

Pennsylvania.— This  convention  heartily  renews  the  expression  of  confidence  that 
has  come  so  frequently,  emphatically  and  directly  from  the  Republicans  of  Pennsylvania 
in  the  integrity,  wisdom  and  revotion  to  the  public  good  of  Theodore  Roosevelt;  with 
equal  heartiness  we  record  our  approval  of  the  work  of  his  administration,  and  we 
pledge  the  Republican  party  of  Pennsylvania  to  a  loyal  adherence  to  the  policies  inspired 
by  the  principle  of  equality,  of  right,  and  opportunity  to  all. 

Rhode  Island.— We  affirm  our  allegiance  to  the  national  Republican  party  and 
to  the  declaration  of  principles  on  which  it  was  continued  in  control  of  thg  national 
Government  in  1904,  which  principles  are  being  faithfully  carried  into  effect  by  the 
official  acts  of  the  present  administration. 

TARIFF    REVISION    AND    PROTECTION. 

Dii:MOCRATIC   CONVENTIONS. 

Maryland.— We  feel  that  it  is  incumbent  on  us  now  to  declare  that  no  taxation 
can  be  justified  or  excused  which  takes  from  the  pockets  of  the  people  more  than  Is 
reasonably  required  to  defray  the  cost  of  an  economical  and  frugal  administration  of 
the  Government  in  all  its  departments,  and  we  therefore  favor  such  a  revision  of  our 
existing  tariff  as  will  relieve  the  great  masses  of  the  people  from  its  oppressive  inequali- 
ties, discriminations  and  burdens,  and  put  an  end  to  the  intolerable  wrong  that  extorts 
from  them  an  annual  excess  of  revenue  of  $90,000,000  withdrawn  from  circulation  and 
piled  up  in  the  Treasury  as  a  constant  temptation  to  demoralizing  extravagance. 

Massachusetts  (Whitney  Democrats).— We  regard  the  reform  of  the  tariff  as  the 
paramount  issue  now  before  the  people.  We  denounce  the  present  Dingley  tariff — levying 
its  tribute  upon  all,  but  bearing  with  the  heaviest  weight  on  those  of  the  smallest 
means — as  the  greatest  system  of  graft  in  the  country  and  as  the  most  potent  agency 
of  political  and  legislative  corruption.  The  crying  necessity  of  reducing  excessive  rates 
of  duty  is  now  recognized  alike  by  consumers  and  producers.  We  protest  against  the 
Republican  programme  of  delaying  action,  for  political  reasons,  until  after  the  next 
Presidential  election,  which  means  intrusting --the  revision,  if  one  be  undertaken  even 
then,  chiefly  to  the  beneficiaries  of  present  oppressive  duties,  in  exchange  for  campaign 
assistance  to  the  party  in  power.  The  great  advance  in  the  cost  of  all  necessities  of 
life,  due  largely  to  the  tariff,  has  brought  home  to  every  household  the  evil  of  main- 
taining excessive  duties  for  the  benefit  of  favored  interests.  The  increase  in  the  prices 
of  all  the  materials  and  supplies  required  by  our  great  producing  industries  and  trans- 
portation interests,  also  due  in  great  measure  to  the  tariff,  has  imposed  such  heavy 
burdens  upon  them  as  to  largely  offset  the  benefits  of  an  increased  volume  of  business. 
The  prosperity  of  the  country,  already  receding,  rests  upon  a  doubtful  basis  as  long 
as  the  artificial  stimulus  of  excessive  duties  is  so  large  a  factor.  We  demand:  1.  That 
the  food  supplies  of  the  people  and  such  raw  materials  of  industry  as  coal,  iron  ore, 
lumber,  wood  pulp,  hides,  sole  leather  and  wool,  be  placed  upon  the  free  list.  2.  That 
all  duties  be  reduced  as  rapidly  as  possible  without  undue"  disturbance  of  established 
industries  to  rates  which  will  cover  only  the  difference  between  the  cost  of  manufacturing 
here  and  abroad,  to  be  ascertained  by  expert  investigation.  3.  That  manufacturers  who 
take  advantage  of  the  tariff  regularly  to  make  lower  prices  on  their  products  to  for- 
eigners than  to  American  citizens,  or  to  establish  oppressive  monopolies,  be  deprived  of 
the  protection  which  they  thus  abuse.  *  *  *  We  demand  in  particular  free  and 
unrestricted  trade  with  Canada,  that  the  people  of  New  England  may  enjoy  the  natural 
advantages    Of    their    geographical    position,    and    we    believe    that    our   northern   neighbors. 


260        State  Party  Platforms   of  1907  on  National  Issues. 

if    properly    approached,    will    still    be    found    willing'    to    meet    us    half-way    in    negotiating 
mutually  benefioial  commercial  agreements. 

Nebraska. — We  favor  an  immediate  revision  of  the  tariff  by  the  redtiction  of 
import  duty.  Articles  entering  into  competition  with  articles  controlled  by  trusts  should 
be  placed  upon  the  free  list;  material  reductions  should  be  made  in  the  tariff  upon  the 
necessaries  of  life,  and  reductions  should  be  made  in  such  other  schedules  as  may  be 
necessary  to  restore  the  tariff  to  a  revenue  basis.  ,     . 

REPUBLICAN     CONVENTIONS, 

Masaaohusetts. — The  Republican  party  of  Massachusetts  reaffirms  its  belief  in 
the  principles  of  protection  to  American  industries  and  American  labor,  under  which  the 
United  States  has  prospered  and  developed  both  in  foreign  and  domestic  trade  during 
the  last  ten  years  to  a  greater  extent  than  in  any  similar  period  in  the  nation's  life. 
Massachusetts  has  never  in  its  history  enjoyed  employment  for  its  mechanics,  laborers 
and  artisans  more  continuously  than  since  the  inauguration  of  the  late  President 
McKinley.  The  product  of  its  industries  exceeds  that  of  any  previous  similar  period. 
Industrial  depressions  have  been  unknown,  and  to-day  the  v.-age  earners  are  enjoying 
the  highest  rate  of  wages  ever  in  existence;  the  hours  of  employment  are  less  and  the 
demand  for  the  products  of  Massachusetts  was  never  greater.  The  Democratic  party 
not  only  did  not  propose  any  treaties  of  reciprocity  during  the  two  terms  that  they 
had  possession  of  the  Presidential  office,  but  in  1893  they  repealed  all  reciprocity 
treaties  which  had  .been  enacted  by  the  Republicans.  The  only  propositions  for  rtac- 
iprocity  have  originated  with  the  Republican  party,  and  it  is  to  our  party  that  the 
country  will  look  with  confidence  for  such  treaties  in  the  future.  The  National  Repub- 
lican Convention  in  1908  will  be  called  upon  to  present  a  platform  defining  the  issues 
of  the  Presidential  election.  A  majority  of  the  Republican  men*bers  of  the  Massachusetts 
delegation  in  Congress  in  January,  1905,  declared  in  favor  of  the  consideration  of  the 
question  of  the  revision  of  the  existing  tariff  in  accordance  with  the  .principles  of 
protection  at  the  earliest  practicable  time.  We  commend  for  adoption  by  the  next 
National  Republican  Convention  a  resolution  calling  the  Congress  to  meet  in  special 
session  to  determine  upon  amendments  to  the  present  tariff  law,  or  the  enactment 
of  a  new  measure  to  meet  changed  conditions,  to  remove  duties  needless  either  for 
revenue  or  protection,  and  make  such  modifications  as  experience  may  have  shown  to 
be   necessary. 

Pennsylvania. — The  Republicans  of  Pennsylvania  believe  that  the  payroll  of 
American  labor  should  continue  to  be  higher  than  that  of  any  other  nation,  and  the 
average  American  home  a  model  for  the  world.  President  Roosevelt  has  publicly 
declared  that  "the  general  tariff  policy  to  which,  without  regard  to  changes  in  detail, 
I  believe  this  country  should  be  irrevocably  committed,  is  fundamentally  based  upon 
ample  recognition  of  the  difference  in  labor  cost  here  and  abroad."  We  indorse  those 
declarations  and  declare  our  unfaltering  adherence  to  the  great  principle  of  protection 
to  American  labor,  American  industries  and  American  products.  , 

TRUSTS. 

DEMOCRATIC    CONVENTIONS. 

Massaolmsetts  (Bartlett  Democrats'). — Our  party  is  founded  upon  the  principle 
of  equal,  rights  to  all  men  in  the  pursuit  of  happiness,  and  seeks  to  destroy  all  privilege 
which  usurps  these  rigiits.  The  present  4)olitical  problem  is  industrial  monopoly,  which 
rests  upon  privileges  conferred  by  law  or  enjoyed  contrary  to  law.  Vast  aggregations 
of  capital  have  absorbed  our  industrial  system,  have  monopolized  our  money  and  credit 
systems  in  the  banks,  the  lands  from  which  our  wealth  is  drawn,  the  railroads  and 
ships  which  carry  our  goods  and  persons,  while  the  tax  laws  perfect  the  system  of 
plunder  by  excluding  interference  from  without.  From  the  food  we  eat.  the  shelter 
we  provide,  the  clothing  we  wear,  the  comforts  we  enjoy.,  monopoly  has  taken  its 
tribute  until  vast  wealth  has  increased  in  the  hands  of  its  beneficiaries,  while  the 
purchasing  .  power  of  labor  has  constantly  decreased.  As  the  wealth  of  monopoly  has 
Increased  it  has  strengthened  its  hold  upon  the  politics  of  the  country  and  dominated 
the  governments  of  nation  and  State.  Believing  that  industrial  despotism  and  political 
liberty  cannot  exist  together,  we  are  opposed  to  private  monopoly  in  all  its  forms  and 
to  the   laws  which  give  it  life. 

Nebraska. — A  private  monopoly  is  indefensible  and  intolerable.  We,  therefore, 
favor  the  vigorous  enforcement  of  the  criminal  law  against  trusts  and  trust  magnates, 
and  demand  the  enactment  of  such  additional  legislation  as  may  be  necessary  to  make 
it  Impossible  for  a  private  monopoly  to  exist  in  the  United  States.  Among  the  additional 
remedies  we  specify  three— first,  a  law  compelling  corporations  engaged  in  interstate 
commerce  to  sell  to  all  purchasers  in  all  parts  of  the  country  on  the  same  terms, 
after  making  due  allowance  for  cost  of  carriage;  second,  a  law  preventing  the  dupli- 
cation of  directors  among  competing  corporations,  and,  third,  a  license  system  which 
■will,  without  abridging  the  right  of  each  State  to  create  corporations,  or  its  right  to 
regulate  as  it  will  foreign  corporations  doing  business  within  its  limits,  make  it 
necessary  for  a  manufacturing  or  trading  corporation  engaged  in  interstate  commerce 
to  take  out  a  Federal  license  before  it  shall  be  permitted  to  control  as  much  as  twenty- 
five  per  cent,  of  the  product  in  which  it  deals,  the  license  to  protect  the  public  from 
watered  stock  and  to  prohibit  the  control  by  such  corporation  of  more  than  50  per 
cent,  of  the  total  amount  of  any  product  consumed  in  the  United  States.  We  insist 
upon  the  recognition  of  the  distinction  between  the  natural  man  and  the  artificial 
person,  called  a  corporation,  and  we  favor  the  enactment  of  such  law  as  may  be 
necessary  to  compel  foreign  corporations  to  submit  their  legal  disputes  to  the  courts 
of  the  States  in  which  they  do  business,  and  thus  place  themselves  upon  the  same 
footing  as   domestic   corporations. 

NeTV   Jersey.— We   favor   the  enactment   of  stringent   anti-monopoly   laws. 

Pennsylvania. — While  we  recognize  the  right  of  capital,  within  this  Common- 
wealth, in  all  leg"itimate  lines  of  enterprise,  to  combine  for  the  increase  of  business, 
for  enhancement  of  profit  by  enlarging  productive  capacity  and  decreasing  the  cost  or 
production,  thus  lessening  the  price  to  the  consumer,  yet  when  such  combination  in  its 
purpose,  or  effect,  creates,  or  tends  to  create,  a  monopoly  in  its  production,  to  restrain 
trade,   or  to  stifle  competition,    to  increase   the  cost   to   the   consumer,   or  to  control   the 


State  Party  Platforms  of  1907  on  National  Issues,        261 

»■-  ■     III  ' -'■ — ■  '    -■■' -— —  -■'       — " '  '  — —   ■■  —         ■     ■■—-■■■■--■■■     »» 

market  for  the  labor  it  employs,  it  violates  the  spirit  of  our  laws,  becomes  inimical  to 
public  welfare  and  peace,  and  should  be  so  regxilated,  controlled  or  prohibited  by  law 
as  to  amply  protect  the  public  interests. 

REPUBLICAN     CONVENTIONS. 

Pennsylvania. — We.  commend  the  course  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Congress,  which, 
without  attempted  confiscation  or  reprisal  of  vested  rights  or  any  spirit  of  unfairness 
and  injustice  to  those  who  have  interests  in  carrying  and  other  corporations,  aeverthe- 
less  passed  more  important  legislation  than  any  preceding  Congress  for  the  proper 
regulation  and  control  of  corporations  and  trusts  and  the  punishment  of  improper 
rir3.oticps 

REGULATION    OF    RAILROADS. 

DEMOCRATIC    CONVENTIONS. 

3Iass.achnsetts  (Bartlett  Democrats). — The  most  dangerous  form  of  privilege  is  a 
monopoly  of  transpoi;tation,  „  and  our  highways  of  commerce  and  travel,  now  delivered 
to  private  corporations,  should  be  restored  to  the  control  of  the  people  and  conducted 
for  the  public  good  rather  than  for  private  profit  and  speculation.  By  unlawful  rebates 
and  discriminations  the  railroads  of  the  nation  have  connived  to  ruin  legitimate  business 
and  give  control  of  our  staple  products  to  their  powerful  favorites.  By  capital  inflations 
they  have  burdened  our  industry;  by  wreckings  and  consolidations  they  are  rapidly 
bringing   our   railroad   systems   into   a   national    monopoly. 

Nehraslca. — We  assert  the  right  of  Congress  to  exercise  complete  control  over 
interstate  commerce,  and  we  assert  the  right  of  each  State  to  exercise  just  as  complete 
control  over  commerce  within  its  borders.  We  demand  such  an  enlargement  of  the 
powers  of  national  and  State  railway  commissions  as  may  be  necessary  to  give  full 
protection  to  persons  and  places  froia  discrimination  and  extortion.  .  We  believe  that 
both  the  nation  and  the  various  £"tates  should,  first,  ascertain  the  present  value  of  the 
railroads,  measured  by  the  cost  of  production;  second,  prohibit  the  issue  of  any  more 
watered  stock  or  fictitious  capitalization;  third,  prohibit  the  railroads  from  engaging 
in  any  busine.ss  which  brings  them  into  competition  with  their  shippers;  and,  fourth, 
reduce  transportation  rates  until  they  reach  a  point  whei-e  they  will  yield  only  a 
reasonable  return  on  the  present  value  of  the  roads — such  reasonable  return  being 
defined  as  a  return  sufficient  to  keep  the  stock  of  the  roads  at  par  when  such  roads 
are  honestly  capitalized.  To  supplement  the  reductions  made  by  the  various  States  in 
passenger  rates,  we  favor  an  act  of  Congress,  requiring  the  railroads  to  sell  interstate 
tickets  at  a  rate  not  exceeding  the  sum  of  the  local  rates. 

RESERVED    RIGHTS    OF    THE    STATES. 

DEMOCRATIC     CONVENTIONS. 

Maryland.— We  feel  that  the  present  political  situation  upon  national  issues 
demands  from  us  an  emphatic  reaffirmance  of  that  time-honored  article  of  Democratic 
faith  again  and  again  declared  in  our  platform,  that  our  Federal  Government  is  a 
government  of  limited  and  carefully  enumerated  powers  derived  solely  from  the  Con- 
stitution, and  that  the  powers  not  therein  granted  or  necessarily  implied  a^e  reserved 
to  the  States,   respectively,   or  to  the  people. 

3Ia.s.sacli'nsetts  (Whitney  Democrats). — We  reaffirm  the  Democratic  doctrine.- 
never  more  important  to  the  welfare  of  the  country  than  to-day.  of  preserving  in  their 
full  integrity  the  powers  reserved  to  the  several  States  under  the  Federal  Constitution, 
and  we  declare  ourselves  unalterably  opposed  to  the  invasion  or  the  surrender  of  the 
rights  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts.  If  at  any  time  changed  conditions 
demand  the  transfer  of  additional  powers  from  the  States  to  the  Federal  Government 
that  end  should  be  attained  only  by  amending  the  Constitution  in  the  manner  provided 
in  that  instrument,  not  by  executive  usurpation  or  by  strained  judicial  construction. 
We  maintain  that  the  Constitution  and  law  of  thte  Commonwealth  are  so  framed,  and 
our  people  are  possessed  of  such  capacity  for  self-government,  that  our  local  affairs  can 
be  properly  managed  and  controlled  without  the  aid  or  interference  of  the  Federal 
Government;  and  we  condemn  the  declaration  of  Governor  Guild  in  favor  of  bringing 
our  corporations  under  national  control  as  an  unwarranted  reflection  upon  the  intelligence 
of  the  people  and  the  fidelity  of  their  representatives. 

Nebraslva.— Believing,  with  Jefferson,  in  "the  support  of  the  State  governments 
in  all  their  rights  as  the  most  competent  administrations  for  our  domestic  concerns  and 
the  surest  bulwark  against  anti-republican  tendencies;"  and  in  "the  preservation  of 
the  general  Government  in  its  whole  constitutional  vigor,  as  the  sheet  anchor  of  our 
peace  at  home  and  safetv  abroad;"  we  are  opposed  to  the  centralization  implied  in 
the  suggestions,  now  frequently  made,  that  the  powers  of  the  general  Government 
should  be  extended  by  judicial  construction.  While  we  favor  the  exercise  by  the  general 
Government  of  alt  'ts  constitutional  authority  for  the  prevention  of  monopoly  and  for 
the  regulation  of  interstate  commerce,  we  insist  that  Federal  remedies  shall  be  added 
to,  and  not  substituted  for,   State  remedies. 

LABOR    LEGISLATION. 

DEMOCRATIC     CONVENTIONS. 

Massachnsefts  (Bartlett  Democrats).— As  monopoly  has  extended  its  control  over 
our  irwiustries  the  rights  of  the  toilers  who  produce  the  wealth  have  been  negletcted  or 
denied.  The  gains  from  improved  machinery  and  increasing  prosperity  should  accrue 
to  4abor  in  the  form  of  increased  wages  and  shorter  hours  of  labor.  We  approve  legis- 
lation to  secure  these  results,  and  so  far  as  they  cannot  be  secured  by  laws,  we  tender 
our  support  to  the  trade  unions  which  seek  to  obtain  them.  We  espeicially  demand  in 
labor  disputes  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  on  contempt  proceedings,  and  the  exclusion  of 
courts  of  equity  from  jurisdiction  of  offences  against  the  criminal  laws. 

Mebraslia.— We  favor  the  establishment  of  State  and  national  boards  of  arbitration, 
which  shall  have  authority  to  investigate  either  upon  their  own  initiative  or  at  the 
request  of  either  party,  any  industrial  dispute  between  corporate  employers  and  their 
employees,  the  findings  of  such  boards  not  to  be  binding  upon  either  party,  but  to  serve 


262        State  Party  J^latfornis   of  1907  on  Kational  Issues. 

as  a  guide  to  public  opinion  and  as  a  means  of  conciliation  between  labor  and  capital. 
We  favor  the  eig'ht-hour  day.  We  are  opposed  to  "government  by  injunction,"  the 
ej'stem  under  which  the  writ  of  injunction  is  used  to  deny  to  laboring  men  the  protection 
of  trial  by  jury. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTIONS. 

Miiryland. — Fully  realizing  the  necessity  of  putting  a  stop  to  the  intolerable 
evils  of  bribery  and  corruption  in  our  elections,  we  favor  the  passage  of  a  corrupt 
practices  act  that  will  go  to  the  very  root  of  this  frightful  menace  to  our  free  institutions, 
and  by  adequate  provisions  and  penalties  which  elsewhere  have  proved  to  be  effective 
will  make  the  buying  of  votes  too  odious  and  dangerous  to  be  hereafter  attempted. 

Maryland  offers  many  and  great  attractions  to  worthy  and  industrious  foreigners 
who  desire  to  become  American  citizens,  and  we  favor  energetic  measures  to  encourage 
and  pi'omote  the  introduction  into  our  State  of  bodies  of  irpmigrants  of  good  character, 
who  will  actively  contribute  by  their  diligence  and  industry  to  the  improvement  and 
development   of  our  agricultural   resources. 

3Iassaclmsetts  (Bartlett  Democrats'!. — Our  people  should  have  the  power  by  a 
majority   vote   to  reverse   and   direct   the   acts  of   its   Legislature. 

Nebraska. — We  favor  the  election  of  United  States  Senators  by  direct  vote  of  the 
people,  and  regard  this  reform  as  the  gateway  to  all  other  national  reforms.  We  favor 
an  income  tax  as  a  part  of  our  revenue  system,  and  we  urge  the  submission  of  a  consti- 
tutional amendment  specifically  authorizing  Congress  to  levy  and  collect  a  tax  upon 
indflvidual  and  corporate  incom.es,  to  the  end  that  wealth  may  bear  its  proportionate 
share  of  the  burdens  of  the  Federal  Government.  We  favor  a  national  inheritance  tax 
to  reach  the  "swollen  fortunes"  already  in  existence,  but  we  believe  that  it  is  bettor 
to  permanently  prevent  "swollen  fortunes"  by  abolishing  the  privileges  and  favoritism 
upon   which   they  are  based. 

We  favor  full  protection,  by  both  national  and  State  governments  within  their 
respective  spheres,  of  all  foreigners  residing  in  the  United  States  under  treaty,  but  we 
are  opposed  to  the  admission  of  Asiatic  emigrants  who  cannot  be  amalgamated  with  our 
population,  or  whose  presence  among  us  would  raise  a  race  issue  and  involve  us  in 
diplomatic  controversies  with  Oriental  powers. 

We  condemn  the  experiment  in  imperialism  as  an  inexcusable  blunder  which  has 
involved  us  in  an  enormous  expense,  brought  us  weakness  instead  of  strength,  and  laid 
our  nation  open  to  the  charge  of  abandoning  the  fundamental  doctrine  of  self-government. 
We  favor  an  immediate  declaration  of  the  nation's  purpose  to  recognize  the  independence  of 
the  Philippine  Islands  as  soon  as  a  staple  government  can  be  established,  such  independence 
to  be  guaranteed  by  us,  as  we  guarantee'  the  independence  of  Cuba,  until  the  neutraliza- 
tion of  the  islands  can  be  secured  by  treaty  with  other  powers.  In  recognizing  the 
independence  of  the  Philippines  our  Government  should  retain  such  land  as  may  be 
necessary  for  coaling  stations  and  naval  bases. 

REPUBLICAN   CONVENTIONS. 

Massachusetts.— We  urge  the  Congress  to  give  further  consideration  to  the  subject 
of  the  re-establishment  of  the  merchant  marine.  Massachusetts  was  among  the  foremost 
in  the  maintenance  of  foreign  commerce  in  the  earlier  periods  of  the  nation's  history. 
This  country,  with  a  protected  coastwise  commerce  and  a  coast  line  unparalleled  in 
extent  and  importance,  ought  to  be  a  strong  competitor  for  the  commerce  of  the  world. 
For  the  carrying  of  our  mails  we  are  now  dependent  upon  the  service  afforded  by 
steamers  of  other  nations,  and  our  country  thereby  helps  them  to  maintain  efficient 
agencies  for  the  extension  of  their  foreign  trade,   to  the  exclusion   of  our  own. 

Nebraska. — While  not  presuming  to  forestall  the  action  of  any  future  convention. 
w^e  express  the  belief  that  the  Republicans  of  Nebraska  recognize  in  the  Hon.  William 
H.  Taft,  of  Ohio,  one  whose  personal  character  and  whose  long  public  service  mark 
him  as  pre-eminently  the  man  under  whose  leadership  these  policies  would  be  per- 
petuated. 

We  believe  the  Federal  Judiciary  act  should  be  amended  to  define  the  citizenship 
of  interstate  corporations  for  the  purpose  of  jurisdiction  of  Federal  courts  by  providing 
that  for  the  purposes  of  original  jurisdiction  and  jurisdiction  on  removal  from  State 
courts,  or  Federal  courts,  a  corporation  shall  be  deemed  a  citizen  of  every  State  where 
it  has  filed  or  is  required  by  the  law  of  that  State  to  file  in  the  manner  required  of 
domestic  corporations,  its  articles  of  incorporation.  And,  in  addition  thereto,  that 
every  foreign  corporation,  or  its  successors,  assigns  or  lessees,  exercising  or  claiming 
the  right  to  exercise  the  right  of  eminent  domain,  under  a  State  law,  shall  be  deemed  a 
citizen  of  that  State  for  the  purposes  of  jurisdiction  of  Federal  courts. 

We  favor  the  enactment  of  a  Federal  law,  and,  if  necessary,  an  amendment  to 
the  Federal  Constitution,  which  will  forbid  the  Federal  courts  from  issuing  writs  of 
injunction  against  .State  officers  charged  by  law  with  the  enforcement  of  State   statutes. 

Pennsylvania. — Pennsylvania  has  just  pride  in  presenting  to  her  sister  States 
as  a  worthy  successor  to  Theodore  Roosevelt  the  distingviished  son,  who  from  the 
beginning  was  foremost  in  counsel  and  most  effective  in  practical  support  of  the  policies 
for  the  regulation  of  corporate  power  which  have  so  endeared  the  President  to  the 
people  of  this  country.  It  was  Philander  Chase  Knox  who  in  1902  pointed  out  that  an 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  was  unnecessary  to  enable  Congress 
to  redress  the  wrongful  exercise  of  power  by  corporations  in  their  relation  to  Interstate 
commerce,  and  who  made  that  opinion  good  by  the  legal  proceedings  which  he  successfully 
prosecuted  for  the  violation  of  the  interstate  commerce  and  anti-trust  laws  of  the 
nation,  and  also  by  the  amendments  to  those  laws  which  he  recommended  and  prepared, 
and  which  subsequently  met  the  approval  of  Congress.  *  •  *  Believing  in  him  and 
.supporting  him  earnestly  as  we  do,  we  hereby  indorse  him  on  behalf  of  the  Republican 
party  of  this  Commonwealth  for  the  great  office  of  President  of  the  LTnited  States,  and 
we  have  the  honor  of  resenting  him  now  to  the  Republicans  of  our  sister  States  as 
Pennsylvania's  candidate  for  the  Presidency  before  the  Republican  nominating  con- 
vention in  June,  1908, 


Political  Record  of  1907.  263 

^■^■^i  ■■■■—.■■■■■■  II  ■■  ■  ■         I    .—- .  — -  .         , .   ■  ■ ■■  .  ■  ,.  ■   —  — 

33oUtical  jKtcoutr  of  1907, 

Jan.  15.  Idaho  Legislature  elected  William  E.  Borah  (Rep.)  United  States  Senator,  the 
vote  being:    Borah,  50;  Fred  T.  Dubois  (Dem.),  18. 

Jan.  16.  Colorado  Legislature  elected  Simon  Guggenheim  (Rep.)  United  States  Senator, 
the  vote  being:    Guggenheim,  tiJS;  Charles  S.  Thomas  (Dem,),  27;   Frank  C.  Goudy  (Rep.),  1. 

Jan.  10.  Maine  Legislature  re-elected  William  P.  Frye  United  States  Senator,  the  vote 
being:     Frye,   9'J;    W.    H.    Pennell   (Dem.),    60. 

Jan.    10.     Montana  Legislature  elected  Joseph  M,  Dixon  (Rep.)    United  States  Senator. 

Jan.  10.  Tennessee  Legislature  elected  Robert  L.  Taylor  (Dem.)  United  States  Senator, 
the  opposition  vote  being  for  Nathan  W.  Hale  (Rep.). 

Jan,  22.  Oregon  Legislature  elected  Frank  W.  Mulkey  (Rep.)  United  States  Senator 
for  the  short  term  and  Jonathan  Bourne,  Ji\   (Rep.),  for  the  long  term. 

Jan.  22.  West  Virginia  Legislature  re-elected  Stephen  B.  Elkins  (Rep.)  United  States 
Senator,   the  vote  being:    Elkins,   HI;   John  J.   Cornwell    (Dem.),   30. 

Jan.  22.  Illinois  Legislature  re-elected  Shelby  M.  Cullom  (Rep.)  United  States  Senator, 
the  vote  being:    Cullom,   lo2;   Carroll  C.   Boggs   (Dem.),   67;   Daniel  R.   Sheen   (Pro.)  3. 

Jan.  22.  North  Carolina  Legislature  re-elected  F.  M.  Simmons  United  States  Senator; 
the  vote  being:     Simmons,   116;   Spencer  B.   Adams  (Rep.),   24;   J.   J.   Britt  (Rep.),   2. 

Jan.  22.  Wyoming  Legislature  re-elected  Francis  E.  Warren  (Rep.)  United  States 
Senator,  the  vote  being:      Warren,  64;  scattering,  6. 

Jan.  22.  Kansas  Legislature  elected  Charles  Curtis  (Rep.)  Bnited  States  Senator,  the 
vote  being:     Curtis,   44;   W.   A.   Harris   (Dem.),   32;   J.    L.   Bristow,   12. 

Jan.  22.  Minnesota  Legislature  re-elected  Knute  Nelson  (Rep.)  United  States  Senator, 
there  being  one  vote  for  Governor  John  A.   Johnson  in  opposition. 

Jan.  22.  South  Carolina  Legislature  re-elected  Benjamin  R.  Tillman  (Dem.)  United 
States  Senator  without  opposition. 

Jan.  22.  Texas  Legislature  re-elected  Joseph  W.  Bailey  (Dem.)  United  States  Senator 
by  a  vote  of  108  to  56  scattering. 

Jan.  22.  South  Dakota  Legislature  elected  Robert  J.  Gamble  (Rep.)  United  States 
Senator,  the  vote  being:    Gamble,   100;  Thomas  Sterling,   16;   Andz-evv  E.   Lee,   17. 

Jan.  30.     Arkansas  Legislature  elected  Jeff  Davis   (Dem.)    United  States  Senator 

Feb.  5.     ""         '  "       ■  '  ..-_.__.  — 

the  VI 

Apri  „  ^^„  ^^^.^..^^    „„  s.>^v,v.cc.^  ^^^^^^  ^ 

Spooner  (Rep.),  resigned.  The  first  ballot,  resulting  in  "no  choice'," was":"  George" w""Bird 
(Dem.)  24;  John  I.  Esch  (Rep.),  19;  Irving  L.  Lenroot  (Rep.),  19;  H.  A.  Cooper  (Rep.),  19: 
Isaac  Stephenson  (Rep.).   17;  W.  H.   Hatten  (Rep.),   16;   scattering,   17. 

April  23.  Rhode  Island  Legislature  adjourned  without  electing  a  United  States  Senator, 
the  eighty-first  and  final  ballot  being:  R.  H.  I.  Goddard  (Dem.),  40;  Samuel  P.  Colt  (Rep.). 
39;  George  Peabody  Wetmore  (Rep.),  30. 

April  24.  Michigan  State  elections  for  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  Regents  of 
the  University  carried  by  the  Republicans. 

May  17.  Wisconsin  Legislature  elected  Isaac  Stephenson  (Rep.)  United  States  Senator 
to  succeed  John  C.  Spooner  (Rep.),  resigned,  the  vote  being  87  for  Stephenson  to  24  for 
George  W.   Bird   (Dem.).     There  were  25  absentees. 

June  6.     Pennsylvania   Republican  State  Convention  at  Harrisburg  nominated  a   candi- 
date for  State  Treasurer  and  indoi'sed  Senator  Philander  C.   Knox  for  the  Presidency 
„,.,  Jui^e^l^-     Kentucky  Republican  State   Convention  at  Louisville  nominated  Augustus   E. 
Willson  for  Governor  by  acclamation. 

June  27.  Pennsylvania  Democratic  State  Convention  at  Harrisburg  nominated  a  candi- 
date for  State  Treasurer  on  a  platform  confined  to  State  issues. 

July  10.  Alabama  Legislature  elected  John  H.  Bankhead  (Dem.)  United  States  Senator 
to  succeed  John  T.  Morgan  (Dem.,  deceased). 

July  10.     Georgia  Legislature  re-elected  A.  O.   Bacon  (Dem.)  United  States  Senator. 

July  30.  Ohio  Republican  State  Central  Committee  by  a  vote  of  15  to  6  formally  in- 
dorsed William  H.   Taft  for  the  Presidency. 

Aug.  2.  Alabama  Legislature  elected  Joseph  F.  Johnston  (Dem.)  United  States  Senator 
to  succeed  Edmund  W.   Pettus   (Dem.,   deceased*. 

Aug.  8.  Mississippi  Democratic  State  Executive  Committee  announced  the  result  of  the 
primary  election  for  United  States  Senator  as  59,496  for  John  Sharp  Williams  and  58,848  for 
James  K.  Vardaman.     E.   F.  Noel  received  the  largest  vote  for  candidate  Tor  Governor. 

Aug.  8.  Maryland  Democratic  State  Convention  at  Baltimore  nominated  Judge  Austin 
L.   Crothers  for  Governor,   the  ballot  being:      Crothers  113 i/o;  Joseph  D.   Baker.   14. 

Aug.  14.  Maryland  Republican  State  Convention  at  Baltimore  nominated  George  R. 
Gaither  for  Governor,   with  a   State  ticket,   by  acclamation. 

Sept.  10.  New  Jersey  Republican  State  Convention  at  Trenton  nominated  J.  Franklin 
PV-rt  for  Governor,  the  ballot  being:  Fort,  753;  Vivian  M,  Lewis,  179;  Frank  Sommer,  120; 
Pitney,   96. 

Sept.  17.  New  Jersey  Democratic  State  Convention  at  Trenton  nominated  Frank  S. 
Katzenbach,  Jr.,  for  Governor.  He  received  1,093V^  votes,  James  E.  Martine  received  35, 
Hinchliffe  75. 

Sept.  17.  Oklahoma  State  and  Congressional  election.  The  Democrats  carried  their 
State  ticket  by  large  majorities  and  elected  four  of  the  five  Representatives  in  Congress. 

Sept.   24.     Nebra.ska  Democratic  State  Convention  nominated  a  fusion  State  ticket. 

Sept.  28.  New  York  Independence  League  State  Convention  at  New  York  nominated 
Reuben  R.  Lyon  and  John  T.  McDonough  for  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals. 

Oct.  4.  New  York  Democratic  and  Republican  State  Committees  nominated  Edward  T. 
Bartlett  (Rep.)  and  Willard  Bartlett  (Dem.)  for  Associate  Justices  of  the  Coui't  of  Appeals. 

Oct.  5.  Massachusetts  Republican  State  Convention  at  Boston  nominated  Curtis  Guild, 
Jr.,  for  Governor  with  a  State  ticket  by  acclamation. 

Oct.  5.  Massachusetts  Democratic  State  Convention  at  Springfield  split  Into  two  fac- 
tions, both  nominating  State  tickets,  one  headed  by  Henry  M.  Whitney,  the  other  by 
Charles  W,   Bartlett  for  Governor. 

Nov.  5.  Elections  in  Kentucky,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Mississippi,  Nebraska,  New 
Jersey.  Pennsylvania  and  Rhode  Island.. for  State  officers  and  in  New  York  for  Judges  of 
the  Court  of  Appeal^  _, 


^64 


7'he  Electoral    Vote. 


K\)t  }3rcsi^nitial  iSUctiou  of  1908. 

The  next  Presidential  election  will  take  place  on  Tuesday,  Novembers,  1908. 

The  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  are  chosen  by  oflicials  termed  "Electors" 
in  each  State,  who  ai'e,  under  existing  Slate  laws,  chosen  by  the  qualified  voters  thereof  by  ballot,  on 
the  first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  of  November  in  every  fourth  year  preceding  the  year  in  which 
the  Presidential  term  expires. 

The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  pj-escribes  that  each  State  shall  "appoint, ' '  in  such  manner 
as  the  Legislature  thereof  may  direct,  a  number  of  electors  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senatorsand 
Representatives  to  which  the  State  mav  be  entitled  in  Congress;  but  no  Senator  or  Representative  or 
person  liolding  an  olHce  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States  shall  be  an  elector.  The  Constitu- 
tion requires  tluit  tlie  day  when  electors  are  chosen  shall  be  the  same  throughout  the  United  States. 
At  the  beginning  of  our  Government  most  of  the  electors  were  clioseu  bythe  Legislatures  of  their 
respective  States,  the  people  liaving  no  direct  participation  in  their  choice;  and  one  State. Sontli  Caro- 
lina, continued  that  practice  down  to  tlie  brealcing  out  of  tlie  civil  war.  But  in  all  the  States  now 
the  electors  are,  under  the  direction  of  State  laws,  chosen  by  the  people  on  a  general  State  ticket. 

The  manner  in  which  the  chosen  electors  meet  and  ballot  for  a  President  and  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States  is  provided  for  in  Article  XII.  of  tlie  Constitution,  and  is  as  follows: 

The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  President  and  Vice-President,  one  of  whom,  a» 
least,  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves;  they  shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as 
President,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  Vice-l'resident ;  and  they  shall  make  distinct  lists  of  all  persons 
voteil  for  as  I'resident,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each, which  lists  they  shall 
sign  and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate. 

The  sante  article  then  prescribes  the  mode  in  which  the  Congress  shall  count  the  ballots  of  the 
electors,  and  announce  the  result  thereof,  which  is  as  follows: 

The  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and 
the  votes  shall  then  be  counted  ;  the  person  havinsf  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  shall  be  President,  if  such 
number  bf  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed  ;  and  if  no  person  have  such  majority,  then  from  the  persons 
having  the  highest  numbers,  not  exceeding  three,  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as  President,  the  House  of  Kepresentatives 
shall  choose  immediately,  by  ballot,  the  I'resident.  But  in  choosing  the  President  the  votes  shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  repre- 
sentation from  each  State  having  one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds 
of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of  Itepresentatives  shall  r:o,4 
choose  a  President,  whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then 
the  Vice-President  shall  act  as  I'resident,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other,  constitutional  disability  of  the  President.  The 
person  having  the  great-st  number  of  votes  as  Vice-President  shall  be  the  Vice-President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the 
whole  number  of  electors  appointed  ;  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list  the 
Senate  shall  choose  the  Vice-President ;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  of  Senators, 
and  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  cnoice. 

The  procedure  of  the  two  houses,  in  case  the  returns  of  the  election  of  electors  from  any  State  are 
disputed,  is  provided  in  the  "Electoral  Count"  act,  passed  by  the  Forty-nintli  Congress.  The  act 
directs  that  tlie  Presidential  electors  shall  meet  and  give  tlieir  votes  on  the  second  INfonday  in  January 
next  following  their  election.  It  fixes  tlie  time  when  Congress  shall  be  in  session  to  count  the  ballots 
as  the  second  Wednesday  in  February  succeeding  the  meeting  of  the  electors. 

The  Constitution  also  defines  who  is  eligible  for  President  of  the  United  States,  as  follows: 
No  person  except  a  natural-born  citizen  or  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution 
shall  be  eligible  to  the  ofl5ce  of  President ;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the 
age  of  thirty-five  years. 

The  qualifications  for  Vice-President  are  the  same. 


Wi)t  ISIcctoral  Uotc. 

The  following  will  be  the  electoral  vote  of  the  States  in  1908  as  based  upon  the  Apportionment 
act  of  1900: 


Stat«w. 

Electoral 
Votes. 

States. 

Electoral 
Votes. 

States. 

Electoral 
Votes. 

Alabama     

11 
9 

10 
5 
7 
3 
5 

1 ; 

3 
27 
15 
13 
10 
13 
9 
6 

iNIarvland 

8 

16 

14 

11 

10 

18 

3 

8 

3 

4 

12 

39 

12 

4 

23 

7 

Oregon  

4 

A  rkansas 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Pennsylvania 

34 

California 

Rhode  Island 

4 

Colorado 

Minnesota 

South  Carolina 

9 

Connecticut 

Mississippi 

South  Dakota 

4 

T)plaware 

Missouri 

Tennessee 

32 

Florida 

Montana 

Texas 

18 

Georgia 

Nebraska 

Utah    

3 

Idaho  

Nevada 

Vermont 

4 

Illinois 

New  Hampshire 

New  .lersey 

Virerinia 

12 

Indiana 

)  Washington 

6 

Iowa 

New  York 

i  West  Virginia 

7 

Kansas 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

W  i  scon  si  n 

13 

Kentnckv 

Wyoming 

3 

Louisiana 

483 

Mai  ue 

Oklahoma 

Electoral  votes  necessary  to  a  choice 242 

Oklahoma  has  been  admitted  to  the  Union  since  the  last  Presidential  election  with  seven  electoral 
votes,  which  are  mcl-aded  in  tlie  above  enumeration.    Arizona  having  at  tiie  slection  of  1906  rejected 

ioiiit  statehood  with  New  Mexico  utidfr  the  permissory  act  of  Congress,  neither  will  attain  statehood 
»eiore  the  presidential  election  of  1908,  unless  the  Sixtieth  Consrress  admits  them  separately  during 
the  year,  in  which  case  each  will  have  three  electoral  votes,  making  489  electoral  votes  in  all,  or  246 
electoral  votes  necessary  to  a  choice. 


Ballots  for   Candidates  for  President, 


265 


^pporticiniutnt  of  ISrlrjiates 

TO  THE  NATIONAL  DilMOCRATIC  AND   REPUBLICAN   CONVENTIONS  OF  1908. 
NATIONAL    DEMOCRATIC    CONVENTION. 


States  aod  Territories. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

Califoruia 

Colorado 

Couiiecticut  ... 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Iiidiaua 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. 


Na 
Dele- 
gates. 


18 
'20 
10 
14 

6 
10 
26 

6 
54 

ao 

26 
20 
26 
18 
12 
16 
32 


States  and  Territories, 


Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New   York 

North  Carolina... 
North  Dakota.... 

Oliio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania — 
Rhode  Island  .... 
South  Carolina. .. 


No. 
Dele- 
gates^ 

28 
22 
20 
36 

6 
16 

6 

8 
24 
78 
24 

8 
46 
14 

8 
68 

8 
18 


States  and  Territories. 


South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas  

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

District  of  Columbia. 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Hawaii 

New  Mexico 

Porto  Rico 


Total 1,002 


No. 
Dele- 
gates. 


8 

24 

36 

6 

8 

24 

10 

14 

26 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 


NATIONAL     REPUBLICAN     CONVENTION. 


States  and  Territories. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut.... 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentnclcy 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . 


No. 
Dele- 
gates. 

22 
18 
20 
10 
14 

6 
10 
26 

6 
54 
30 
26 
20 
26 
18 
12 
16 
32 


States  and  Territories. 


ISfichigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina... 
North  Dakota.... 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania  .... 

Rhode  Island 

South   Carolina... 


No. 
Dele- 
gates 


•^8 
22 
20 
36 

6 
16 

6 

8 
24 
78 
24 

8 
46 
14 

8 
68 

8 
18 


States  and  Territories. 


No. 
Dele- 
gates^ 

8 
24 
36 

6 

8 

24 

10 

14 

26 

6 

2 

6 

6 

2 

6 

2 

2 

Total 992 


South  Dakota.^ 

Tennessee 

Texas  

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington , 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin , 

Wyoming 

District  of  Columbia . 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Hawaii 

New  Mexico 

Philippine  Islands.... 
Porto  Rico 


First  ballot, Cass,  Mich. ,116;  Buchanan, 
13.     Forty-ninth  and  last  ballot,  Pierce, 

First  ballot,  Buchanan,  Pa.,  135;  Pierce, 


^Jallots  for  (^auTfCtratrs  for  ptti*itrcnt 

IN  THE  NATrONAL  DKMOCRATIC  AND  REPUBLICAN  CONVENTIONS. 

1832.    Democratic  Xational  Convention  at  Baltimore.    Jackson  nominated  by  acclamation. 

1  S44«  Democratic  National  Convention  at  Baltimore.  First  ballot.  Van  Buren.N.Y.  ,143;  Cass, 
Mich.  ,83;  Johnson,  Ky.,  24:  Buchanan, Pa. ,  4.  Ninth  and  last  ballot,  Polk,  Tenn.,232;  Cass  17; 
Van  Buren,  10. 

1  848.  /^emo'^'-atic  National  Convention  at  Baltimore.  First  ballot,  Cass,  Mich.  ,125;  Buchanan, 
Pa. ,  55;  Woodbur.v ,  N.  H. ,  53;  Calhoun,  8.  C. ,  9;  Worth,  N.  Y. ,  6;  Dallas,  Pa. ,  3.  Fourth- and  last 
ballot.  Cass,  242;  Woodbury.  8;  Buchanan,  4. 

1852.  Democratic  National  Convention  at  Baltimore. 
Pa..  93;  Marcy,  N.  Y.,  27;  Douglas,  111.,  20;  Lane,  Ore., 
N.  H. .  282;  scattering,  4. 

1856.  Democratic  National  Convention  at  Cincinnati. 
N.  H.,  1J2;  Douglas,  111..  33;  Cass,  Mich.,  5.    Seventeenth  and  last  ballot,  Buchanan,  296. 

1856.  Republican  National  Convention  at  Philadelphia.  First  and  only  ballot,  Fremont,  Cal., 
359:  .McLean,  Ohio,  196. 

i860.  Democratic  National  Convention  at  Charleston,  S.  C.  First  ballot,  Douglas,  HI.,  145; 
Hunter,  \^a.,  42;  (iuthrie,  Ky.,  35;  Johnson,  Ga. ,  12;  Dickinson,  N.  Y.,7;  Lane.  Ore.,  6;  Jederson 
Davis,  Miss.,  1;  Touce.v,  Ct. ,  1;  Pierce,  N.  H.,  1.  Fiftj^-seventli  ballot,  Douglas.  151;  Guthrie, 
6.5;  Hunter,  16;  Lane,  14;  Dickinson,  4;  Davis,  1.  No  clfoice.  The  Convention  adjourned  to  iiieet 
at  Baltimore,  wliere  Douglas  was  nominated  on  the  second  ballot,  the  vote  being,  Douglas,  181; 
Breckinridge.  Ky. ,  7;  Guthrie.  Ky. ,  5;  Seymour,  N.  Y.,  1;  Bucock,  Va. .  1. 

The  Convention  of  the  anti- Douglas  Democrats  at  Baltimore  nominated  Breckinridge,  who  had 
105  votes,  without  opposition. 

1860.  Republican  Nutional  Convention  at  Chicago.  First  ballot,  Seward,  .V.  Y. ,  137>^;  Lin- 
coln, 111.  ,102;  Chase.  Ohio,  49;  Bates,  iMo. .  48;  Dayton,  N.  J.,  14:  McLean,  Ohio,  12.  Third  and 
last  ballot,  Lincoln,  281}^';  Seward. 180;  Cliase,  24i^;  Bates.  22:  McLean.  8. 

1864.  Democratic  National  Convention  at  Chicago.  First  and  only  ballot,  McClellan,  N.  J., 
202J^:  Seymour,  N.   Y.,  23}^. 

1861.  Republican  National  Convention  at  Baltimore.  Lincoln  was  renominated  without  oppo- 
sition, pxcept  that  Grant  received  the  vote  of  Mi-ssouri. 

1868.  Democratic  National  Convention  at  New  York.  First  ballot,  Pendleton,  Ohio,  105; 
Johnson,  Tenn.,  65;  Hancock,  Pa.,  33;  Doolittle.  Wis.  ,  13;  Hendricks,  Ind. ,  2.  (Scattering  votes 
were  also  cast  in  subsequeijit  ballots  for  Parker,  N.  J.:  English,  Ct.  ;  Packer,  Pa.;  Ewing, Ohio; 
Adams,  Mass.  :  McClellan,  HL  ;  Pierce,  N.  H.  ;  Hoflfman,  N.  Y. ;  Field,  Cal. ,  and  Seymour,  Ct.) 
Twenty-second  and  last  ballot,  Seymour,  N.  Y.,  was  nominated  by  acclamation. 


266 


J3aIIots  for   Candidates  for  President. 


BALLOTS  FOR  CANDIDATES  FOR  PRESIDENT— Cb7??/??!<€rf. 


1S68.    Kepnblican  National  Convention  at  Chicasro.    Grant  was  nominated  unanimously. 
187  2*    Democratic  National  Convention  at  Baltimore.    First  and  only  ballot,  Greeley,  N.  Y., 
688:  Bayard,  Del.  ,15;  Black,  Pa..  21;  Grosbeck,  Ohio.  2. 

1873*    Republican  National  Convention  at  Philadelphia.     Grant  was  nominated  unanimously. 


1876. 


DEMOCt-ATrC  Natioxat-  CON'VKN- 
Tio',  St,  Louis,  Juxk  28. 


Candidatks. 


Total  vote 

Necessary  to  a  choice* 


TMden,  N.  Y.... 
Hendrictcs.Tud. 
Hancock,  Pa.... 

Allen.  O 

Buvard.  Del 

Parker,  N.  J 

Broad  head.  Mo. 


iBt 

2d 

Ballot. 

B.iIlot 

738 

738 

492 

492 

403^ 

508 

1333^ 

85 

77 

60 

56 

54 

56 

11 

18 

18 

19 

Tilden  tioniinated  on  2<1  ballot. 


Rkpublioax  Natioxat.  Coxvention, 
CixcixxATi.  Juxk  16. 


Candidatks. 


|Total  vote 

iNece.ssarj-  to  a  choicet. 


Blaine,  Me 

Morton,  Ind ... 
Bristow,  Ky... 
Conklingr,  N.  Y. 

Haves.  O , 

Hartrant't,  Pa.. 
Jewel  I.  Ct 

r 


Ist 

ed 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6  th 

Ballot. 

Ballot. 
743 

Ballot. 
752 

Ballot. 

Ballot. 

Ballot. 

756 

749 

749 

748 

379 

372 

377 

375 

375 

375 

291 

298 

293 

292 

287 

308 

125 

112 

113 

108 

95 

85 

113 

114 

121 

126 

114 

111 

96 

93 

90 

84 

82 

81 

65 

64 

67 

68 

102 

113 

58 

63 

68 

71 

69 

50 

11 

7th 
Ballot. 

756"' 
379 

351 

21 

384 


■"^aves  nominated  on  the  seventh  ballot. 


*  Two-thirds  vote  necessary  to  a  choice  in  the  Democratic  National  Conventions, 
necessary  to  a  choice  in  the  Republican  National  Conventions. 


t  Majority  vole 


1S80. 


Dkmocratic  Natioxal  Coxvkx- 
TION-.  CixcrxxATi..!  iTXK  23,  24. 


Candidates. 


Total  vole 

Necessary  to  a  choice . 

Hancock,  Pa 

Bayard,  Del 

Payne.  O 

Tliurnian,  O 

Field,  Cal 

Morrison,  111 

Hendricks,  Ind 

Tilden,  N.  V 

Randall.  Pa 

Scattering 


1st 

2d 

Ballot. 

Ballot, 

738 

738 

492 

492 

171 

320 

I6;i>^ 

113 

81 

68M 

.«)0 

65 

65^ 

62 

ol'J^ 

si 

38 

6 

6 

1281^ 

« 

t 

Hancock  nominated  by  acclama- 
tion, after  the  second  ballot. 

'Ewiiis,  O.,  10;.Sevmour,  N.Y.. 
8;  Loveland.  Col..  5;  McDonald, 
Ind.,  3;  Parker.  N..T.,1;  Black.  Pa., 
1;  .lewett.  O,  1;  Knsrlish,  Ind.,  1; 
Latlirop.  Mich..l.  t  En£rlish,rnd., 
19;  Parker, N.. I.,  2;  Jewett,  O..  1. 


Rkpublicax  Natioxat,  Coxvextiox, 
Chicago,  J  uxk  7,  8. 

CANDinATES. 

1st 
Ballot. 

31st 
Ballot. 

755 
378 

7m 

276 

118 

11 

37 

3 

1 

1    . 

32d 
Ballot. 

33.1 
Ballot. 

755 
378 

309 
275 
110 

I 

4 

1 

■  • 

34th 

Ballot. 

.35th 
Ballot. 

756 
379 

313 

257 
99 
11 
23 
3 
50 

36  th 
Ballot. 

Total  vote 

Necessary  to  a  choice . . 

Grant    Til 

755 
378 

^04 

755 
378 

309 
270 
117 

11 

44 
3 

1 

756 
379 

312 

275 

107 

11 

30 

4 

17 

755 

378 

306 

t  Klaine,  Me 

Slierman.  O 

Mdmnnds,  Vt 

284 
9  5 
34 
30 
10 

42 
3 

|Washbnrne.  Ill 

iWindorn.  INIinn 

5 

Gartield.  0 

t'oukling,  N.  Y 

399 

•  • 

Gartield  nominated  oi 

1  the  t 

hirty- 

sixth 

ballot 

, 

18S4. 


Democratic  National  Coxvex- 
tiox, Chicago,  July  11. 


Candidates. 


I      1st 
'Ballot. 


Total  vote '  820 

Necessarj-  to  a  choice. .    547 


Cleveland,  N.  Y. 

Bayard.  Del 

Thurman,  O , 

Randall,  Pa 

McDonald.    Ind.. 

Carlisle,  Ky 

Flower,  N.Y 

Hoadly,  O 

Hendricks,  Ind.. 
Tilden,  JiT.  Y 


.^392 

170 

88 

78 

56 

27 

4 

3 

1 

1 


2d 
Ballot. 

82"(r 
547 

683 

Sliyij 

4 

4 

4 


Aa^i 


Republicax  Natioxat.  Coxvextiox, 
Chicago,  Jpxe  6. 


CANniDATES. 


Totiil  vole 

Nece.ssary  to  a  choice 410 


Blaine.  IMe 

i Arthur,  N.Y 

IKdmnnds,  Vt 

I  Logan,  111'. 

isiiernian,  O 

iHawlej-,  Ct 

Lincoln,  111 

Gen.  Sherman,  Mo. 


Ist 

2d 

3d 

Ballot. 

Ballot. 

Ballot. 

818 

818 

819 

410 

410 

410 

334^ 

349 

375 

278 

276 

274 

93 

85 

69 

631^ 

61 

63 

30 

28 

25 

13 

13 

13 

4 

4 

8 

2 

2 

2 

4th 
Ballot. 

"813" 
407 

541 

207 

41 

7 

15 

2 


Cleveland  nominated  on  2d  ballot.  1 1    Blaine  Dominated  on  tlxe'fQurtU  ballot. 


J^ailots  for  Candidates  for  President, 


act' 


BALLOTS  FOR  CANDIDATES  FOR  FRESWENT—Contiumd. 


1888. 


Democratic  National  Conven- 
tion. St.  Louis,  June  6. 


Candidate. 


Cleveland,  N.  Y, 


Nominateri 
by  accla- 
niatiou. 


Bepublican  National  Convention, 
Chicago,  June  22,  24,  25. 


Candidates. 


Toiai  vote 

Nec'rytoachoice 


Harrison,  I  nd. 
Sherman.  O... 
Alger,  Mich... 
Gresham.Ind. 
Allison,  la.... 
Depew.N.  Y. . 

Rusk,  Wis 

Phelps, N.  J... 
Ingalls.  Kan.. 
McKinley,0. . 
Blaine.  INIe.... 
scattering*  ... 


1st        2d 
Ballot.  BiiUot, 


830 
416 

80 

229 

84 

111 

72 

99 

25 

25 

28 

2 

35 

40 


830 
416 

91 

249 

116 

108 

75 

99 

20 

18 

16 

3 

33 

2 


3d 

4th 

Ballot. 

Ballot. 

~830' 

■"829' 

416 

415 

94 

217 

244 

235 

122 

135 

123 

98 

88 

88 

91 

16 

.. 

5 

•  • 

's 

a 

35 

42 

4 

3 

5th 


827 
414 

213 

224 

142 

87 

99 


14 

18 


6th 
Ballot. 

~8:jT 

416 

231 

244 

137 

91 

73 


12 

40 
2 


7th        8th 
Ballot.  Ballot. 


831 
416 

278 

2:^1 

120 
91 
76 


Ifi 

15 

2 


830 
416 

544 

118 

loo 
59 


4 
5 


Cleveland  nominated  byacclama- 
tion,  without  a  ballot. 


Harrison  uouiinated  on  the  eighth  ballot. 

••=  Filler,  Pa.  ,24:  Havvley,Ct.,  13;  Lincoln,  111.,  3;  on  first  ballot. 


1892. 


Democratic  National,  Conven- 
tion, Chicago,  June  23. 


OaSDIDaTES 


Total  vote 

Necessary  to  a  choice. 


Cleveland,  N.  Y. 

Hill,  N.  Y 

Boies,  la 

Gorman.  Md 

Steven.son,  111... 
Scattering* 


iBt 

Ballot. 


9091:2 

607 


Kepublican  National  Convention, 
Minneapolis,  June  7,  9, 10,  11. 


Ca.ndidatks. 


Total  vote 

Necessary  to  a  choice. 


6171^   Harrison,  Ind. 

114       Blaine,  Me 

lo3      jMcKinley,  O... 

36J^   Reed,   Me. 

16^  'Lincoln,  111. 


Cleveland  nominated  on  the  first 
ballot.  ^Carlisle,  Ky.  ,14;  Morri- 
son, 111., 3:  Campbell, O., 2;  Russell, 
Mass. ,2;  Patlison,  Pa.,  1 ;  Whitney, 
N.  Y.  ,1. 


Harrison  nominated  on  the  first  ballot. 


1st 
Ballot. 


904^ 
453 

535  1-6 
182  1-6 
182 

4 

1 


1896. 


DEMOCR.A.TIC  National  Conven- 
tion, Chicago,  July  lo. 


Candidates. 


Total  vote 

Necessary  to  a  choice. 


Bryan,  Neb 

Bhuid,  Mo 

Pattison,  Pa..  . 
Matthews,  Ind. 

Boies,  la 

Stevenson,  111.. 
Blackburn   Ky. 

McLean,  O 

Scattering* 

Nut  voting 


1st 

5th 

Ballot. 

Ballot. 

752 

766 

502 

512 

119 

500 

235 

106 

95 

95 

37 

31 

85 

26 

7 

8 

83 

•  • 

64 

•  a 

37 

178 

162 

Bryan  nominated  after  the  fifth 
ballot,  enough  changes  being  made 
to  give  him  more  than  512  votes. 

*Tillman.  S.  C,  17;  Pennoyer, 
Ore..  8;  Teller.  CoL,  8;  Rusfell, 
Mass.,2 ;  Hill.N.  Y.  .1  ;Campbell,0. .  1. 


Bepublican  National  Convention, 
St.  Louis,  June  18. 


Total  vote 

Necessary  to  a  choice. 


McKinley,  O. . 

Keed,  Me 

Quay,  Pa 

Morton,    N.  Y. 

Allison,  la 

Cameron,  Pa. . 
Blank..  


McKinley  nominated  on  the  first  ballot. 


906 
454 

661^ 

841^ 

6I14 

68 

35J^ 

1 

4 


The  People's  Party  National  Convention,  at  St.  Louis,  Julv  35,  nominated  William  J.  Br  van  for 
Presidenton  the  first  ballot,  which  was:  Bryan.  l,o42-,  Norton.  321:  Debs,  8;  Donnellv.  1;  Coxey,l. 

The  National  Democracy,  at  their  National  Convention  at  Indianapolis,  September  3,  nominated 
Senator  John  M.  Palmer  for  President  on  the  first  ballot.  There  were  but  two  candidates,  and  the 
result  of  the  ballot  was  as  follows;  John  M.  Palmer,  Illinois, 7633^ ;  Edward  S.Bragg,  Wisconsin,  124 Jii. 


268 


Jialtots  for   Candidates  for  JPresident. 


BALLOTS  FOR  CANDIDATES  FOR  PRESIDENT— Con<m««f. 


1900. 

DEMOCRATIC  NATIONAL  CONVKNTION. 

The  Democratic  National  Couveuiiou  at  Kausas  City,  Mo.,  July  5,  uominated  William  J.  Bryan 
for  Presideut  by  acclamutiou. 

REPUBLICAN  NATIONAL  CONVENTION. 

The  Republican  National  Convontiou  at  Philadelphia,  Pa. ,  June  25,  nominated  William  McKln- 
lev,  of  Ohio,  for  President,  and  Theodore  Roosevelt,  of  New  York,  lor  Vice-President,  both  by 
acclamation.  Every  vote  in  the  convention  wa-s  cast  for  McKinley.aud  929  ol  930  votes  for  Roose- 
velt, the  candidate,  who  was  a  delegate,  not  voting. 

PEOPLE'S  PARTY  (FUSION)  NATIONAL  CONVENTION. 

At  the  National  Convention  of  the  People's  party  (Fusionists),  held  at  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D.  .May  10, 
William  J.  Bryan  was  uominated  for  President  by  acclamation. 

OTHER  NATIONAL  CONVENTIONS. 

Atthe  National  Convention  of  the  People's  party  (Middle-of-the-Road  Antl-Fusionists),  held  at 
Cincinnati,  O.,  May  10,  Wharton  Bai-ker,  of  Pennsylvania,  was  nominated  for  President  on  the 
second  ballot.  The  first  ballot  was:  Milford  W.  Howard,  Alabama,  326  6-10;  Whartoi}  Barker. 
Pennsylvania.  323  4-10;  Ignatius  Donnelly,  Minnesota,  70;  Norton,  3.  The  second  ballot  was: 
Barker,  370;  Howard   336;  Donnelly,  7;  Norton,  2. 

The  Prohibition  National  Convention  at  Chicago.  June  28, nominated  John  G.  Woolley, of  Illinois, 
forPresident  on  the  first  ballot,  which  was:  WooUey,  Illuiois,  380;  Silas  C.  Swallow,  Pennsylvania, 
329;  Hale  Johnson,   Illinois,   withdrew. 

The  Socialist  Labor  Party  National  Convention  In  the  City  of  New  York,  June  6,  nominated 
.Joseph  F.  Malloney,  of  Ma.ssachnsetts,  for  President  on  the  first  ballot,  which  was  as  follows:  Mul- 
louey,  60;  Valentine  Remmel,   Pennsylvania.  17;  W.  B.  Hammond,  Minnesota,  1. 

The  Social  Democratic  National  Convention  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  March  6,  uominated  Eugene 
V.  Debs,  of  Indiana,  for  President,  by  acclamation. 

The  United  Christian  Party  National  Convention  at  Rock  Island,  111.,  May  2,  nominated  Silas  C. 
Swallow,  of  Pennsvlvania,  for  President,  by  acclamation. 

The  Silver  Republican  National  Convention  at  Kausas  City,  Mo.,  July  6,  indorsed  the  nomination 
of  William  J.  Bryan  for  President. 

The  National  Partv  Convention  in  the  City  of  New  York,  September  5.  nominated  Donelson 
CalTery,  of  Louisiana,  forPresident,  and  Archibald  M.  Howe,  of  Massachusetts,  for  Vice-President, 
by  acclamatiou.    These  candidates  declined,  and  no  other  uoniiuaiions  were  made. 


DEMOCRATIC 


1904. 

NATIONAL 


CONVENTION. 


The  Democratic  National  Convention  met  at  St.  Louis.  Mo. ,  July  7. 
for  President  began  July  9.     Only  one  ballot  was  had  and  was  as  follows  : 


Balloting  for  a  candidate 


Candidates. 

First 
Ballot. 

Candidates. 

First 
Ballot. 

Total  votp                                                            

1,000 
667 

658 

204 

41 

39 

30 

George  Grav,  Del 

8 

;Xprpssarv  to  choicp 

John  Sharp'Williams,  Miss 

8 

Georee  B.  McClellan.  N.  Y 

3 

AltonB   Parker  N.  Y 

Arthur  Pue  C^orman,  Md 

3 

William  R    Hearst    N    Y 

NelsonA.  Miles,  D.  C 

3 

Vraiipi*?  '\r    (Viokrpll.  jNIo 

Charles  A    Towne,  N.  Y 

2 

Rirhard  Olnpv.  Mass 

Bird  S.  Culer,  N.  i' 

1 

Edward  C.  Wall,  Wis 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  roll  call,  Idaho,  Nevada  and  two  votes  from  West  Virginia  changed 
from  Hearst  to  Parker,  and  Delaware  changed  from  Gray  to  Parker,  giving  the  latter  678  votes,  or 
11  more  than  necessary  to  a  choice,  and  his  nomination  was  then  made  unanimous, 

REPUBLICAN    NATIONAL    CONVENTION. 

The  Republican  National  Convention  at  Chicago,  June  23,  nominated  Theodore  Roosevelt,  of 
New  York,  forPresident,  by  acclamation. 

PROHIBITION    PARTY    NATIONAL    CONVENTION. 

The  Prohibition  Party  National  Convention  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  June  30,  uominated  Dr.  Silas 
C.  Swallow,  of  Pennsylvania,  forPresident,  by  acclamation. 

PEOPLE'S    PARTY    NATIONAL    CONVENTION. 

The  People'^?  Party  National  Convention  at  Springfield,  111.,  July  5,  nominated  Thomas  E. 
Watson,  of  Georgia,  forPresident,  by  acclamation. 

OTHER    NATIONAL    CONVENTIONS. 

The  Socialist  Party  National  Convention  at  Chicago,  May  5,  nominated  Eugene  V.  Debs,  of 
Indiana,  forPresident.  bv  acclamation. 

The  Socialist  Labor  Party  National  Convention  at  New  York,  July  4,  nominated  Charles  H. 
Corrigan,  of  New  York,  for  President,  by  acclamation. 

The  United  Christian  Party  National  Convention  at  St.  Louis,  May  2;  the  Continental  Party 
National  Convention  at  Chicago,  Septeniher  1,  anrl  the  National  Liberty  Party  (Negro)  National 
Conveniion  atSt.  Lonis,  July  7.  nominated  candidates  lor  iresideui,  but  they  received  only  a  few 
scattering  votes  of  which  there  is  no  exact  record. 


I'he  States  in  the  'Presidential  Elections,  1860  to  1904.      269 

W^t  <States  iw  tje  iarrsitrcntfal  Elections,  1860  to  1904. 


Statks. 


1860 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

(.'ulilornia 

Colorado 

Oounecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montnna 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Ham  psh  i  re 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota. . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsjivania.. 
Rhode  Island  .. 
South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota.. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah .\,. 

Vermont 

Virginia  

Washington 

West  Virginia.. 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Dem. 
Dem. 
Hep. 


Rep. 
Dem. 
Dem. 
Dem. 


Rep. 
Rep. 
Rep. 


Amer. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 


Rep. 
Dem. 
Kep. 
Dem. 

RepV 
Rep. 
Rep. 
Rep. 


1864 


No  vote 
No  vote 
Rep. 


Rep. 
Dem. 
No  vote 
No  voie 


Rep. 

Hep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

No  vote 

lU'p. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

No  vote 

Rep. 


Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Re"p.' 
Rep. 
Rep. 
Rep. 


Dem.a  No  vote 


Amer. 
Dem. 


Rep. 
Amer. 


Rep. 


No  vote 
No  vote 


Rep. 
No  vote 

Rep. 
Rep. 


1S68 


Rep. 
Rep. 
Rep. 


Rep. 
Dem, 
Dem.  a 
Dem. 

Rep.* 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Xo  vote 

Rep. 


Rep. 

Rep, 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 


Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 


Rep. 
No  vote 


Rep. 
No  vote 


Rep. 
Rep. 


1872 

1876 

1880 

1884 

1888 

1892 

1896 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rej). 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

JJem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Split  c 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Split /j. 

Split  i 

Rep.  a 

Ri'P. 

Jiep. 

Rep. 

Pop. 

Dem. 

R"P. 

i>em. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

*•>■•• 

Pop. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

lie  p. 

iiep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem, 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Pop. 

Dem. 

Dem, 

Dem. 

Dein. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Split  6 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

JJeni. 

Dem. 

R-p. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

?ep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Split  c 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

•*•■•• 

•••••• 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Re'p. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

JJinn. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Pop. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem, 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

>■•••• 

Splitd 

Rep. 

P.ep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

iie'p. 

Split  r 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Split/ 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

■•••«• 

• 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

•■•••• 



Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

■••■■« 

•■••■• 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

•  •  •  •  •  • 

Rep. 

Dem. 

1900 


Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Deni. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Reo. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 


1904 


Dem, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

spliti 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Reu. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Rep. 


a  Electors  chosen  by  the  Legislature.  6  Rep,.  12;  Dem.,  1.  c  Rep. ,  9;  Dem..  5.  d  Rep. ,  1; 
Dem.,  1.  eRep.,  22;  Dem.,  1.  /Rep.,  3;  People,  L  fir  Dem. ,  5 ;  Rep. ,  1.  7i  Dem.,  8;Rop.,l. 
iDem.,  1;  Rep.,  8.    j' Dem. ,.  7;  Rep.  1. 


SALARY    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 


The  salary  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  was  the  cause  of  discussion  in  the  First  Congress, 
In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  Constitution  declared  that  the  President  should  receive  compensation  for 
his  services.  Washington  had  notified  his  fellow  citizens  that  he  desired  no  salarv.  The  limits 
suggested  in  Congress  ranged  from  $15,000  to  S70,000.  The  salary  was  finally  placed  at  $25,000 
and  this  remained  the  compensation  until  Presidelit  Grant's  second  term  (March  3,  1873),  when 
it  was  increased  to  $50,000,  the  present  sum.  Ciiapter  2918  of  the  Laws  of  the  Second  Session  of 
the  Fifty-ninth  Congress,  Approved  March  4,  1907,  appropriated  *'for  travelling  expenses  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  to  be  expended  at  his  discretion  and  accounted  for  by  his  certificate 
solely,  $25,000."  This  will  probably  be  continued  in  the  future.  Tlie  appropriation  for  the  care 
of  the  White  House  and  its  stable  and  greenhouses  wasiu  lb07,  $50,000. 


REFERENCE    NOTES    TO    THE    TWO    FOLLOWING    PACES. 

•  The  candidates  starred  were  elected,  (a)  The  first  Kepublioan  Parts-  is  claimed  by  the  present  Democratic  Partv  as  Its  pro- 
grenitor.  (b)  No  candidate  having  a  majority  of  the  electoral  vote,  the  Hoii.se  ot:  Kepiesentalives  elected  Adams,  (c)  Candidate  of 
the  Ami-Masonic  Party.  (d)  iTiere  beiii';  no  choice,  the  Senate  elected  Johnson,  (e)  Eleven  Southern  States,  being  within  the 
belligerent  territory,  did  not  vote,  (f )  Three  Southt^rn  States  disfranchised,  (g)  Horace  Greeley  died  after  election,  and  Demo- 
cratic electors  scattered  their  votes,  (h)  There  being  a  dispute  oTor  the  electoral  vote  of  Florida,  Louisiana,  Ore^oni  a"d  South 
Carolina,  they  were  referred  by  Congress  to  an  electoral  cowimission  composed  of  eight  Republicans  and  seven  Democrats,  which, 
by  a  strict  party  vote,  awarded  185  electoral  votes  to  Hayes  and  181  to  Tllden.  (i)  Free  Democrat,  (j)  Free  Silver  Prohibitioa 
Party,  (k)  In  M.assachiisetts.  There  was  also  a  .Native  .\merican  ticket  in  that  State,  which  received  J84  votes,  (m)  Middle  of 
the  Road  or  Anti-Fusion  People's  Party,  (n)  United  Christian  Partv.  (o)  Union  Keform  Party. 
_  For  popular  and  electoral  vote  by  States  in  1900  and  1904  coosolt  Index. 


270 


I*resiclential  Elections. 


}3rcsCTrnttial  25lecttonis 


FROM    1789    TO    1 904. 

AGGEEGATB  POPULAR  VOTE  AND  ELECTORAL  VOTE  FOR  CANDIDATES  FOR  PRESI- 
DENT AND  VICE-PRESIDENT  AT  EACH  ELECTION. 
NoTK. — There  is,  properly  speaking,  no  popular  vote  for  President  and  Vice-President ;  the  people  vote  for  electors,  and 
those  chosen  in  each  State  meet  therein   and  vote  for  the  candidates  for  President  and  Vicc-Presideut.    The  record  or  auy 

fiopolar  vote  for  electors  prior  to  1824  is  sf*  meagre  and  imperfect  that  a  compilation  wouid  be  useless.  In  most  of  the  States, 
or  more  than  a  quarter  century  following  the  establishment  of  the  Government,  the  State  Legislatures  "  appointed  "  the 
Presi.iential  electors,  and  the  people  therefore  voted  only  indirectly  for  them,  their  choice  being  eiprested  by  their  votes  for 
members  of  the  Legi&l.nture.  In  this  tabulation  only  the  aggregate  electoral  votes  for  candidates  for  President  and  Vice-Presi- 
dent  in  the  first  nine  quadrennial  elections  appear. 

ELECTORAL  VOTES. 

1789.  Previous  to  1804,  each  elector  voted  for  two  candid.ites  for  President.  The  one  who  received  the  largest  number 
of  votes  was  declared  President,  and  the  one  who  received  the  next  largest  number  of  votes  w:is  declared  Vice-President.  The 
electoral  votes  for  the  first  President  of  the  United  States  were  :  George  Washington,  69  ;  .John  Adams,  of  Massachu.Netts,  34  j 
John  Jay,of  ><ew  York,  9  ;  II.  H.  Harrison,  of  Maryland.  6  ;  John  Kutledge,  of  South  Carolina,  6  ;  Juhn  Hanco<k,  of  Massa- 
chusetlsi  4 ;  George  Clinton,  of  New  York,  3  ;  S,"imuel  Huntingdon,  of  Connecticut,  2 ;  .John  Milton,  of  Georgia,  'I ;  James  Arm- 
strong, of  Georgia  ;  Kenjamin  Lincoln,  of  Massachusetts,  and  Edward  Telfair,  of  Georgia,  1  vote  each.  Vacancies  cvotes  not 
cast), 4.    George  Washington  was  chosen  President  and  John  Adams  Vice-President. 

179S.  George  Washinirton,  Federalist,  received  132  votes;  John  Adams,  Federalist,  77 ;  George  Clinton,  of  New  York, 
Repnblican  (a),  50  ;  Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Virginia,  Kepublican,  4  ;  Aaron  Burr,  of  New  York,  Republican,  1  vote.  Vacancies, 
3.    George  Washington  was  chosen  President  and  John  Adauis  Vice-President. 

179<>.  John  Adams,  Federalist,  71  ;  Thomas  Jefferson,  Kepublican,  68  ;  Thomas  Pinckney,  of  South  Carolin.-i,  Federalist, 
69;  Aaron  Burr,  of  New  York,  Kepublican,  30  ;  Samuel  Adams,  of  Massachusetts,  Kepublican,  16  ;  Oliver  Ellsworth,  of  Con- 
necticut, Independent,  11  ,  George  Clinton,  of  New  York,  Kepublican,  7  ;  John  .lay,  of  New  York,  Federalist,  5  ;  James  Iredell, 
of  North  Caiolina,  Federalist,  3  ;  George  Washington,  of  Virginia;  John  Henry,  of  Maryland,  and  S.  Johnson,  of  North  Caro- 
lina, all  Federalists,  2  votts  each ;  Ciiarles  Colesworth  PincKuey,  of  South  Carolina,  Federalist,  1  vote.  John  Adams  was 
chosen  President  and  Thomas  Jefferson  Vice-President. 

1800.  Thomas  Jefferson,  Kepublican,  7:'. ;  Aaron  Burr,  Republican,  73  ;  John  Ad.ams,  Federalist,  65;  Charles  C.  Pinck- 
ney, Federalist,  64 ;  John  Jay,  Federalist,  1  vote.  Th'-re  being  a  tie  vote  for  Jeffersoa  and  Burr,  the  choice  devolved  upon  the 
House  of  Representatives.  Jefferson  received  the  votes  of  ten  States,  which,  being  the  lartrest  vote  cast  for  a  candidate, 
elected  him  President.  Burr  received  the  votes  of  four  States,  which,  being  the  next  largest  vote,  elected  him  Vice-President. 
There  were  2  blank  votes. 

1804.  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  having  been  amended,  the  electors  at  this  election  voted  for  a  President  and 
a  Vice-President,  instead  of  for  two  candidates  for  President.  The  result  was  as  follows  ;  For  President,  Thomas  Jefferson, 
Republican,  162;  Charles  C.  Pinckney,  Federalist,  14,  For  Vice-President,  George  Clinton,  Kepublican,  162  j  Rufus  King,  or 
New  York,  Federalist,  14.    Jefferson  was  cho.sen  President  and  Clinton  Vice-President. 

1808.  For  President.  James  Madison,  of  Virginia.  Republican,  122  ;  Charles  C.  Pinckney,  of  South  Carolina,  Federalist, 
47  ;  George  Clinton,  of  New  York,  Republican,  6.  For  Vice-Pre-iident,  George  Clinton,  Kepublican,  113  ;  Rufus  King,  of  New 
York,  Federalist,  47  ;  John  Langdon,  of  New  Hampshire,  9  ;  James  Madison,  3  ;  James  Monroe,  3.  Vacancy,  1.  Aludisou  was 
chosen  President  and  Clinton  Vice-President. 

1813.  For  President,  James  .Madison,  Republican,  128;  De  Witt  Clinton,  of  New  York,  Federalist,  89.  For  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Elbridge  Gerry,  of  Massachusetts,  131;  Jared  Ingersoll,  of  Pennsylvania,  Federalist,  86.  Vacancy,!.  Madison  was 
chosen  President  an<i  Gerry  Vice-President. 

1816,  For  President,  .lames  Monroe,  of  Virginia.  Republicin,  183:  Rufus  King,  of  New  York,  Federalist,  34.  For  Vice- 
President,  Daniel  D.  Tompk  as,  of  New  York,  Kepuhlican,  18.i;  John  Eager  Howard,  of  .Maryland,  Federalist,  22;  .James  Ross, 
of  Pennsylvania,  5;  John  Marshall,  of  Virginia,  4;  Robert  G,  Harper,  of  Maryland,  3,  Vacancies,  4.  Monroe  was  chosen 
President  and  Tompkins  Vice-President. 

18S0.  For  President,  James  Monroe,  of  Virginia,  Republican,  2.S1;  John  Q.  Adams,  of  Massachusetts,  Republican,!. 
For  Vice-President,  Daniel  D.Tompkins.  Kepublican,  218;  Kichard  Stockton,  of  New  .Jersey.  8;  Daniel  Rodney,  of  Delaware, 
4:  Robert  G.  Harper,  of  Maryland,  and  Richard  Rush,  of  Pennsylvania,  1  vote  each.  Vacancies,  3.  James  Montoe  was 
chosen  President  and  Daniel  D.  Tompkins  Vice-President. 

ELECTORAL  AND  POPULAR  VOTES. 


Year  of  Election. 


1S24 


K 


1828 


1832 


1836 


1840. 


1844. 


Candidates  for 
President. 


Andrew  Jackson.. 
John  Q.  Adams*.. 

Henry   Clay 

Wm.H,  Crawford 

Andrew  Jackson*. 
John  Q.Adams.., 

Andrew  Jackson*. 

Henry    Clay 

JohnFlovd 

William  Win  fc).. 


Martin  Van  Buren*  . . 

W.  H.  Harrison 

Hugh  L.  White 

Daniel  Webster 

Willie  P.  Mangnm... 


W.  H.Harrison*.... 
Martin  Van  Buren,. 
James  G.  Bimey,.,, 


James  K.  Polk*.. 

Henry  Clay 

James  G,  Bimey, 


States, 


Tenn. 
Mass. 
Kv  ., 
Ga... 


Tenn. 
Mass. 


Tenn. 
Kv... 
Ga... 
Md... 


N.  Y. 
O,... 

Tenn. 
Ma-ss  . 
N.  C. 


O.... 
N.  Y. 
N.  Y. 


Tenn. 
Ky. . . 
N.  Y. 


Polit- 
ical 
Party. 


Rep... 
Rep... 
Rep... 
Rep,.. 


Dem  . . 
Nat.  R, 


Dem  . . 
N.at.  R. 
Ind,... 
Anti-M 


Dem  . 

Whig. 
Whig. 
Whig. 
Whig, 

WhTgT 
Dem  . 
Lib  .. 


Dem  . . 
Whig.. 
Lib  ... 


Popular 
Vote, 


155.8:2 
105.321 

46,.o87 
44,2S2 


647,231 
609,097 


687„sri2 
530,189 

83,103 


761,549 
■  736,656 


1,27.'-.,017 

1,123,702 

7,059 


1,337,243 

1,299,068 

62,300 


Plu- 
rality. 


50,551 


138,134 


157,313 


24,8H3 


146,315 


38,175 


Elec- 
toral 
Vote. 


(b)9H 
84 
37 
41 


178 
83 


Candiilates  for 
Vice-President. 


219 

49 

11 

7 


John  C   Calhoun*... 

Nathan  8anford 

Nathaniel  Macon.... 
Andrew  J.ackson.,,, 

M.  Van   Buren 

Henry  Clay 


John  C.  Calhoun*. 

Kichard  Rush 

William  Smith 


M.  Van  Biiren* 

John  Sergeant 

Henry  Lee 

Amos'  Ellmaker  (c), 
Wm.  Wilkins 


nOiR.  M.  Johnson  (d>» 


73 
26 
14 
11 


234 
60 


170 
105 


Francis  Granger. . . . 

John   Tyler 

William  Smith 


John  Tyler* 

R,  M.  Johnson. . 
L.  W.  Tazewell. 
James  K.  Polk. . 
Thomas  Earle  . . 


George  M.  Dallas*. . 
T.  Freliughuysen.,,. 
Thomas  Morris 


SUtea. 


S.  C. 
N.  Y. 
N.  C. 

Tenn. 
N.  Y. 
Kv  .. 


8.  C. 
Pa... 
8.C.. 

N.  Y. 
Pa... 
Mass  . 
Pa... 
Pa... 


Ky... 
N,  Y. 
Va„.. 

Ala,. 


Va.... 
Kv... 
V,a„.. 
Tenn. 
Pa... 


Polit- 
ical 
Party. 


Rep... 
Rep,.. 
Kep ... 
Rep,.. 
Rep... 
Rep   .. 


Dem  .. 
Nat.  R, 
Dem  .. 


Dem  . . 
Nat.  R. 
Ind  ... 
Anti-M 
Dem  .. 


Pa.. 
N.J, 
O... 


Dem  , . 
Whig,, 
Whig.. 
Dem  ,. 


Dem  .. 
Whig  . 
Lib,.*.. 


171 

83 

7 


170 
10» 


Presidential  Elections, 


271 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS— Om^tnt^d. 


Year  of  Election. 

Candidates  for 
President. 

States. 

Polit- 
ical 
Party. 

Whig  . 
Oem  . . 
F.Soil. 

Dem  . . 
Whig  . 
F.D.(i) 
Whig.. 

Dem  . . 
Rep  . . . 
Amer.. 

Re'pT.^ 

Dem  . . 
Dem  . . 
Union  . 

Rep... 
Dem  . . 

Rep... 
Dem  . . 

Rep... 
D.&  L. 
Dem  .. 
Temp. 
Dem  . . 
Dem  .. 
Dem  .. 
Ind.... 

Popular 
Vote. 

Plu- 
rality. 

139,557 
220,896 

•  •  •  • 

Elec- 
toral 
V^ote. 

163 
127 

Candidates  for 
Vice-President. 

States. 

Polit- 
ical 
Party. 

Elec- 
tor»i 
V^ote. 

184g 

Zachary  Taylor* 

La.... 

Mich  . . 
N.  Y.. 

N.  H.. 
N.   J.. 
N.H.. 
Mass .. 

1,360,101 

1,220,544 

2H 1,263 

Millard  Fillmore* 

William  O.  Butler 

Charles  F.  Adams 

William  R.  King* 

William  A.  Graham 

George  W.Julian 

^.  Y.. 

VI  ass.. 

Ala... 

N.  C. 
Ind.... 

Whig. 
Dem  .. 
F.  Soil. 

Dem  .. 
Whig. 
F.D... 

163 
191 

Martin  Van  Buren 

.- 

1852 

Franklin  Pierce* 

Winfield  Scott 

John  P.  Hale 

Daniel  Webster  (k) 

1,601,474 

1,380,576 

156,149 

1,670 

1,838,169 
1,341,264 

874,538 

254 

42 

2S4 
42 

1856 

James  Buchauan* 

John  C.  Fremont 

Milard  Fillmore 

Pa  ... . 
Cal.... 
N.  Y.. 

496,905 
I9l7l95 

407,342 

305,456 

"7627991 

•  ■  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

250,935 

174 
114 

8 

180 

12 

72 

39 

J .  C.  Breckinridge* 

William    L.  Dayton 

A.  J.  Donelson 

Hannibal  Hamlin* 

Ky... 
N.J... 
Tenn.. 

Me.... 
Ga.... 
Ore.... 
Mass.. 

Dem.. 
Rep   .. 
Amer. . 

Rep... 
Dem  .. 
Dem  . . 
Union. 

Rep  .. 
Dem  .. 

Rep   .. 
Dem  . . 

Rep  .. 
D.&L. 

Dem  . . 
Temp  . 
Lib.... 
Dem  .. 
Dem.. 
Dem  . . 
Dem.. 
Dem  .. 
Lib.... 

174 

114 

8 

I860 

Abraham  Lincoln* 

Stephen  A.  Douglas 

J .  C.  Breckinridge 

John  Bell 

Ill  .... 
Ill  .... 
Ky.... 
Tenn. . 

Ill" 
N.J... 

111.... 
N.  Y.. 

Ill  .... 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y.. 
Pa.... 
Ind.... 
Mo  ... 

1,866,352 

1,375,157 

845,763 

589,581 

180 
12 

72 

EdA-ard  Everett 

39 

1864 

Abraham   Lincoln* 

George  B.  MoClellan... 

2,216,067 
1,808,725 

e212 
21 

f214 

80 

286 

-42 

18 
2 
1 

184 
h  185 

•  • 

214 
155 

219 
182 

168 
233 

~27~7 

145 

22 

Andrew  Johnson* 

George  H.  Pendleton... 

Schuyler   Colfax* 

F.  P.  Blair.  Jr    

Tenn . . 
0 

212 

21 

1868 

Ulysses  S.  Grant* 

Horatio  Sevmonr 

3,015,071 
2,709,615 

3,597,070 

2,834,079 

29,408 

5,608 

Ind.... 
Mo.... 

Mass.. 
Mo.... 
Mass. . 
Mich.. 
Ind.... 
Ga.... 
Ill  .... 
Ky.... 

0 

Ky.... 
Mass. . 

214 
80 

187S 

Ulysses  S.  Grant* 

HoVace  Greeley 

Charles  O'Conor 

Henry  Wilson* 

B.  Gratz  Brown 

John  Q.  Adams 

J  oh    Russell 

28ft 
47 

Thomas  A.Hendricks.. 
B.  Gratz  Brown 

(leorge  W.Julian 

A.  H.  Colquitt 

John  M.  Palmer 

T.  E.  Branilelte 

W.  S.  Groesbeck 

Willis  B.  Machen 

N.  P.  Banks 

5 
S 

Charles  J.Jenkins 

Ga,... 
Ill  .... 

3 

3 

• 

r 

1 
1 
1 

1816 

Samuel  J.  Tilden 

Rutherford  B.  Hayes*.. 

Peter  Cooper 

Green  Clay  Smith 

James   B.  Walker 

N.  Y.. 

0 

N.  Y.. 
Kv.... 
Ilf  .... 

Dem  .. 
Rep... 
Gre'nb 
Pro.... 

Amer.. 

4,284,885 

4,033,950 

81,740 

9,522 

2,636 

T.  A.   Hendricks 

William  A.  Wheeler*.. 

Samuel  F.  Cary 

Gideon  T.  Stewart 

D.  Kirkpatrick 

Ind.... 
N.  Y.. 

O 

0 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y.. 
Ind.... 
Tez... 

0 

Kan... 

Dem.. 
Rep  .. 
Gre'nb 
Pro.... 
Amer.. 

184 
185 

•  • 

1880 

James  A.  Garfield* 

W.  S.  Hancock 

James  B.  Weaver 

N  eal  Dow 

0 

Pa  ... . 
Iowa... 
Me.... 
Vt 

IV.  Y.. 
Me!-.. 
Kan. .. 
.Mass.. 
Cal  ... 

Rep... 
Dem  .. 
Gre'nb 
'  ro.... 
Amer.. 

4,449,053 

4,442,035 

307,306 

10,305 

707 

7,018 
62,683 
98,017 

380,810 

Chester  A.  Arthur* 

William  H.  English.... 

B.  J.  Chambers 

H.  A,  Thompson 

S   C    Pornerov 

Rep  .. 
Dem  .. 
Gre'nb 
Pro.... 

Amer.. 

Dem.. 
Rep  .. 
Pro.... 
Gre'nb 

214 
155 

John   W.  Phelps 

•  • 

1884 

Grover  Cleveland* 

James   G.  Blaine 

John  P.  St.  John 

Benjamin   F.Butler 

P.  D.  Wigginton 

Dem  . . 
Rep... 
Pro..,. 
Gre'nb 
Amer.. 

4,911,017 

4,848,334 

151,809 

133,825 

T.  A.  Hendricks* 

John  A.  Logan 

William  Daniel 

A.  M.  West 

Ind.... 
Ill  .... 
Md.... 
Miss.  ^ 

219 
182 

1888 

Grover  Cleveland 

Benjamin  Harrison*  . . . 

Clinton  B.  Fisk 

Alson  J.  Streeter 

R.  H.  Cowdrv 

N.  Y.. 

lud  ... 
N.J... 

Ill  .... 
Ill  .... 

N.  Y.. 

Dem  . . 
Rep... 
Pro.... 
U.  L.. 

U'd  L. 

Amer.. 

5,538,233 

5,440,216 

249,907 

148,105 

2,808 

1,591 

5,556,918 

5,176,108 

1,041,028 

264,133 

21,164 

Allen  G.  Thnrman 

Levi  P.  Morton* 

John  A.  Brooks 

C.  E.  Cunningham 

W.  H.  T.  Wakefield... 
James  B.   Greer 

0 

N.  Y.. 
Mo.... 
Ark... 
Kan... 
Tenn.. 

Ill  .... 
N.  Y.. 

Va 

Tex.... 
N.  Y.. 

N.J... 

Me.... 
Ga..  .. 

Ill 

Kv.... 
N.'  J. . . 
N.  C  .. 

N.  Y.. 

Ill 

O 

Minn.. 
Cal.... 
Pa  ... . 

Ill 

Pa  ... . 

ilnd.... 
W.Va.. 
N.  Y.. 
Tex.... 

Neb... 
Ill  .... 

Dem  .. 
Rep  .. 
Pro.... 
U.  L... 
U'd  L. 
Amer.. 

DelnT. 
Rep  .. 
Pc-op . . 
Pro.... 

Soc.  L. 

168 
233 

James  L.  Curtis 

.. 

•i892...-  .. 

G'over  Cleveland* 

Benjamin  Harrison 

James  B.  Weaver 

John    Bidwell 

Simon  Wing 

N.  Y.. 

Ind  . . . 
Iowa... 
C.il  ... 
Mass . . 

Dem  . . 
Rep... 
Peop  . . 
Pro.... 
Soc.  L. 

Aillai   E.  Stevenson*... 

Whilelaw    Reid 

James  G.  Field 

J.iines  B.  CranfiU 

Charles  H.  Matchett... 

277 

145 

22 

1896 

William  McKinley*. ...  O 

William  J.  Bryan Neb. .. 

William  J.  Bryan Neb... 

Joshua  Levering Md  ... 

John  M.  Palmer Ill 

Charles  H.  Matchett...  N.  Y.. 
Charles  E.  Bentlev Neb... 

William  McKinley*...  O 

William  J.  Bryan Neb... 

John  G.  Woolley Ill  .... 

Wharton  Barker Pa 

Eugene  V^.  Debs Ind.... 

Jos.  K.  Mallonev Mass.. 

J.  F.  K.  Leonard la 

Seth  H.  Ellis  O 

Hep... 
Dem.  ) 
Peop  \ 
Pro.... 
N.  Dem 
Soc.  L. 
Nat.  (j) 

7,104,779 

6,502,925 

132,007 

133,143 

36,274 

13.9I-.9 

601 ,854 

!:::: 

271 
176 

292 
156 

Garret  A.  Hobart* 

Eep.  . . 
Dem  .. 
Peop... 
Pro.... 
N.  Dem 
Soc.  L. 
Nat.  (j) 

Rep... 
Dem.P 
Pro.... 
MP(m) 
Soc.D. 
Soc.  L. 
UC(n) 
UR(o) 

271 
149 

Thomas  E.  V^atson 

Hale  Johnson 

Simon  B.  Bnrkner 

Matthew  M;ignire 

James  H.  Sonthgate   . . . 

27 

1900.  

Rep... 
Dem  P 

Pro.... 

MP(m) 
Soc.  I). 
Soc.  L. 
UC(n) 
UR  (o) 

Hep.... 
Dem  . . 
Soc.. . . 
Pro.... 
Peop 
Soc.  L. 

7,207.923 

6,:i58,133 

208,914 

50,373 

87,814 

39,739 

1,059 

5,698 

849,790 
2T645,5r5 

Theodore  Hoosevelt*. . . 

Aiihii  E.  Stevenson 

Henry  B.  Metcalf 

Ignttins  Donnelly 

Job  HarriiTian 

Valentine  Hemmel 

John  (i.  Woolley 

Samuel  T.  Nicho'hon  .  . . 

292 
165 

1904 

Theodorr  U...svelr...  N'.   V.. 

Alton  B.  P.irker \.   Y.. 

Engene  V.  Debs Ind. . . . 

Silas  C.  Swallow )P.»  .... 

Thomas  E.  Watsnn iGa 

Charles  H.  Coirigan...N.   Y.. 

7.623,486 

5,077,971 

402,183 

268,5.36 

117,183 

31,249 

336 
140 

Charles  W.  Fairbanks* 

Henry  G.  Divis ,. . 

Benjamin  Hantord 

(Jeorge  W.  Carroll 

Thomas  H.  Tibbies 

Willi.am  W.Cox 

Rep... 
Dem  .. 
Soc.... 
Pro.... 
Peop.. 
Soc.  L. 

333 
140 

•  • 

•  • 

*  The  candidates  starred  were  elected. 

For  Keference  Notes  to  these  Tables  see  precediuf  paf^e- 

For  popolar  and  eleotoral  votes  by  States  in  1900  aod  1904  consult  Index. 


272 


The  Presidents  of  the   United  States. 


THE  PRESIDENTS  OF  THE    UNITED    STATES-THEIR    BIOGRAPHIES  IN   BRIEF. 

(Compiled  for  The  WoELD  Almanac  from  published  memoirs,  newspaper  records,  and  personal  corre- 
spondence with  the  families  of  the  ex-Presidents.    The  references  will  be  found  on  page  274). 


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Tlie  Presidents  of  the    United  States. 


273 


THE  PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  UNITBD  STATES— Co?j/im<€d. 


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274  The  Presidents  of  the    United  ^States. 

-■     —   .^ _■  I    ■   I     I  BUI 

THE  PRESIDENTS    0\P  THE  .UNITED    STATES— Con^ymcd. 

NOTES  TO  THE  TABLES  OF  THE  PRESIDENTS.  ON  THE  TWO  PRECEDING  PAGES. 

*  Monroe  abandoned  the  profession  of  law  when  a  young  man,  and  was  afterward,  and  until  hia  elec- 
tion, always  holding  public  office,  t  Jackson  called  himself  a  South  Carolinian,  and  his  biographer, 
Kendall,  recorded  his  birthplace  in  Lancaster  Co.,  S.  C;  but  Parton  has  published  documentary  evidence 
to  show  that  Jackson  was  born  in  Union  Co.,  N.  C,  less  than  a  quarter  mile  from  the  South  Carolina 
line,    t  Or  of  departure  from  college. 

§  Widows.  Their  maiden  names  are  in  parentheses.  0  She  was  the  divorced  wife  of  Captain 
Robafds.  (a)  The  Democratic  party  of  to-dny  claims  lineal  descent  f ropi  the  first  Republics^  party, 
and  President  Jefferson  as  its  founder,  (ft)  Political  parties  were  disorganized  at  the  time  of  the  elec- 
tion of  John  Quincy  Adams.  He  claimed  to  be  a  Republican,  but  his  doctrines  were  decidedly  Federal- 
istic.    The  opposition  to  his  Administration  took  the  name  of  Democrats,  and  elected  Jackson  President. 

(r)  Randall,  the  biographer  of  Jefferson,  declares  that  he  was  a  believer  in  Christiaiiit.v.  although 
not  a  sectarian,  (d)  While  President  Johnson  was  not  a  church-member,  he  was  a  Christian  believer. 
His  wife  was  a  Methodist. 

Washington's  3rst  inauguration  was  in  New  York,  and  his  second  in  Philadelphia,  Adams  was 
inaugurated  in  Philadelphia,  and  Jefferson  and  the  Presidents  following  elected  by  the  people,  in  the 
City  of  Washington.  Arthur  took  the  Presidential  oath  of  office  first  in  New  York  City.  John  Adams 
and  Jefferson  died  on  the  same  day,  the  Fourth  of  July,  1826,  and  Monroe  died  on  the  Fourth  of  July  five 
years  later.  John  Quincy  Adams  was  a  Representative  and  Andrew  Johnson  a  Senator  in  Congress  after 
the  expiration  of  their  Presidential  terms,  and  both  died  while  holding  those  offices.  Tyler  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Confederate  Congress  from  Virginia,  and  died  in  office 

Lincoln,  Garfield  and  McKinley  were  assassinated  while  in  office.  Lincoln  at  Ford's  Theatre, Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  April  14,  1865,  from  a  pistol  shot  tired  by  John  Wilkes  Booth,  who  was  killed  near  Fred- 
ericksburg, Va.,  April  26.  1865,  by  Sergeant  Boston  Corbett.  Gartield  was  shot  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Depot.  Washington,  D.  C,  July  2, 1881,  and  died  at  Elberon,  Long  Branch,  N.  J.,  Septeraher 
19,  1881.  The  assassin  was  Charles  Jules  Guiteau,  who  was  hanged  at  Washington,  D.  C.  June  30,  1882. 
McKinley  was  shot  twice  September  6,  1901,  while  in  the  Temple  of  Music  of  the  Pan-Americau 
Exposition,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  died  from  his  wounds  at  the  homo  of  John  G.  Milburn,  Buffalo,  Septem- 
ber 14. 1901.  The  assassin  was  Louis  Czolgosz,  who  was  electrocuted  at  Auburn  State  Prison,  New  York, 
October  29,  1901. 

Jackson  was  shot  at  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  D.  C,  January  29, 1835.  by  a  house  painter  named 
Richard  Lawrence,  escaping  because  the  pistol  of  the  assassin  missed  fire. 

Cleveland  after  taking  the  oath  as  Pre^iident.  kissed  the  open  bible,  his  lips  touching  Psalm  GXII, 
verses  5-10,  inclusive.     Garfield's  first  act  after  taking  the  oath  was  to  kiss  his  mother. 

The  sixth  President  was  the  son  of  the  second  President,  and  the  twenty-third  President  was  the 
grandson  of  the  ninth  President.  William  Henry  Harrison  was  the  eighth  and  Benjamin  Harrison 
the  tenth  in  descent  from  Pocahontas  and  John  Rolfe.  Lincoln  was  the  first  President  wearing  a 
full  beard,  Grant  the  first  wearing  a  mustache.  Buchanan  and  Cleveland  were  bachelors  when  they 
entered  the  White  House  as  Presidents,  but  Cleveland  surrendered  durins:  his  first  term.  Washington, 
Madison,  Monroe,  Pierce  and  Hayes  were  born  on  Friday.  J.  Q.  Adams,  Pierce,  Garfield  a'^d  McKinley 
(second  term),  %vere  inaugurated  on  Friday.  Tyler,  Polk,  Pierce  and  Arthur  died  on  Friday.  Lincoln 
was  assassinated  on  Friday. 

There  were  remarkable  coincidences  in  the  lives  of  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Jeft'^rson  Davis.  Both  were 
born  in  Kentucky;  Lincoln  in  I8il9,  Davis  in  1808.  Both  removed  from  their  native  State  in  childhood. 
Lincoln  to  the  Northwest,  Davis  to  the  South  west.  Lincoln  v/as  a  Captain  of  Volunteers  and  Davis  a 
Second  Lieutenant  of  Regulars  in  the  Black  Hawk  War  of  1832.  They  began  their  political  careers  the 
same  year,  1844,  Lincoln  being  a  Presidential  Elector  for  Clay,  and  Davis  for  Polk.  They  were  elected 
to  Congress  about  the  same  time.  1845  and  1846.  They  were  called  to  preside  over  their  respective 
governments  the  same  year  and  within  a  few  days;  Davis,  February  8,  1861,  Lincoln,  March  4,  1«61. 

W'ashington,  Monroe,  and  Jackson  were  soldiers  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  Jackson,  W.  H.  Har- 
rison, Tyler,  Taylor,  and  Buchanan  in  the  War  of  1812-15;  Lincoln  in  the  Black  Hawk  War;  Taylor, 
Pierce,  and  Grant  in  the  Mexican  War;  Grant,  Hayes,  Garfield,  Arthur,  B.  Harrison,  and  INIcKinley  in 
the  Civil  War.  and  Roosevelt  was  in  the  ^\'ar  with  Spain.  Adams  and  Jefferson  were  signers  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  and  Washington  and  Madison  of  the  Constitution. 

Grant  was  christened  Hiram  Ulysses  and  Cleveland  Stephen  Grover.  W.  H.  Harrison  was  the 
oldest  man  elected  to  the  Presidency,  and  Grant  the  youngest,  but  Roosevelt  was  tho  youngest  to  be- 
come President.  Cleveland  was  the  only  President  married  in  the  White  House,  and  his  second  daugh- 
ter the  only  President's  child  born  therein.  Grant's  daughter  (Mr>;.  Sartoris),  and  Roosevelt's  daU'j;hter 
(Mrs.  Longworth),  were  the  only  children  of  Presidents  married  therein.  Wives  of  Tyler  and  B*^njamin 
Harrison  died  in  the  White  House.  W.  H.  Harrison  was  father  of  the  largest  family,  six  sous  and  four 
daughters.  * 

THE  PRESIDENTIAL  SUCCESSION. 

The  Presidential  succession  is  fixed  by  chapter  4  of  the  acts  of  the  Forty-ninth  Congress,  first  session. 
In  case  of  the  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability  of  both  the  President  and  Vice-President,  then 
the  Secretary  of  State  shall  act  as  President  until  the  disability  of  the  President  or  Vice-President  is 
removed  or  a  President  is  elected.  If  there  be  no  Secretary  of  State,  then  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
will  act;  and  the  remainder  of  the  order  of  succession  is  as  follows:  'i'he  Secretary  of  War,  Attorney- 
General,  Postmaster-General,  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  Secretary  ot  th?  Interior.  The  Secretary 
of  Agriculture  and  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  were  added  by  subsequent  enactment.  The 
acting  President  must,  upon  taking  office,  convene  Congress,  if  not  at  the  time  in  session,  in  extraor- 
dinary session,  giving  twenty  days'  notice.  This  act  applies  only  to  such  Cabinet  officers  as  shall  have 
been  confirmed  by  the  Senate  and  are  eligible  under  the  Constitution  to  the  Presidency. 


Speakers  of  tJie   United  States  House  of  Hepresentatives.      ^75 


•:r-rf 


^^ 


Namk. 


1 

S 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 


.Tohn  Adams 

Thomas  Jefferson 

Aaron  Burr , 

Georye  Clinton 

Elbrici^e  Gerry 

Daniel  D.  Tompkius. ... 

John  C.  Calhoun 

Martin  Van  Buren 

Uicliard  M.  Johnson .... 

John  Tyler 

Georgo  M.  Dallas 

Millard  Fillmore 

William  R.  King 

John  C.  Breckinridge. . . 

Hannibal  Hamlin 

Andrew  Johnson 

Schuyler  Colfax , 

Heiirv  Wilson , 

Wlllikm  A.  Wheeler 

Chester  A.  Arthur , 

Thos.  A.  Hendricks  . . . . , 

Levi  P.  Morton 

Aiilai  E.  Stevenson , 

Garret  A.  Hobart , 

Theodore  Roosevelt 

Chiir'es  W.  Fairbanks.., 


Birthplace. 


Quincv,  Mass 

Shadwell,   Va 

New.ark,  N.J 

Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y 

Marblehead,  Mass.... 

Scarsdale,  N.  Y 

Abbeville,  S.  C 

Kinderhook,  N.Y. ... 

Louisville,  Ky 

Greenwav,  Va 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Sammerhill.N.  Y 

Sampson  Co.,N.  C... 

Lexington,  Ky 

Paris,  Me 

Raleigh,  N.  C 

New  York  City,  X.  Y. 
Farmington,  N.  H. . . . 

Malone,  N.  Y 

Fairfield,  Vt 

Muskingum  Co.,0.... 

Shoreham,  Vt 

Christian  Co.,  Ky.... 
Long  Branch,  N.  J.  . . 
New  York  City,  X.  Y 
UBionville  Center,  O. 


1735 
1743 
1756 
1739 
1744 
1774 
1782 
1782 
1780 
1790 
1792 
1800 
1786 
1821 
1809 
1808 
1823 
1812 
1819 
1830 
1819 
1824 
1835 
J^U 
1S58 
1852 


Paternal 
Auccstry. 


Knglisb.  .. . 
AVelsh...  . 
English  .. . . 
English  .... 
English  .... 

English 

Scotch-Irish 

Dutch , 

English  ..... 
English  .... , 
English  ..... 

English 

English 

Scotch 

English 

English 

English 

English 

English 

Scotch-Irish, 
Scotch-Irish, 

Scotch 

Scotch-Irish , 

English 

Dutch 

English 


M.HSS. 

Va..., 
N.Y. 
N.  Y. 
Ma.ss. 
N.Y. 
S.  C, 
N.Y. 
Ky  .. 
Va.., 
Pa... 
N.  Y., 
Ala... 
Ky  .. 
Me... 
Tenn  . 
Ind... 
Mass.. 
N.Y.. 
N.Y.. 
Ind... 
N.Y.. 
III.... 
N.  J.. 
X.  Y. 
Ind... 


11, 


o 


1789 
1797 
1801 
1805 
1813 
1817 
1825 
1833 
1837 
1841 
1845 
1849 
1853 
1857 
1861 
1865 
1869 
1873 
1877 
1881 
1885 
1889 
1893 
lS',/7 
1901 
1905 


Fed  .. 
Rep.., 
Rep.., 
Rep.., 
Rep.., 
Rep... 
Rep.., 
Dem.. 
Dem., 
Dem., 
Dem.. 
Whig. 
Deni., 
Dem., 
Rep.., 
Rep.., 
Rep.., 
Rep.., 
Rep... 
Rep... 
Dem,. 
Rep... 
Dem.. 
Rep... 
Rep.., 
Rep... 


Place  of  Death. 


Quincy,  Mass 

Monticello,  Va 

Slalen  Island,  N.  Y. . 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Washington,  D.  C... 
Staten  Island,  X.Y.. 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Kinderhook.  N.  Y.., 

Krankfort,  Ky 

Richmond,  Va 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Dallas  Co.,  Ala 

Lexington,  Ky 

Bangor,  Me 

Carter  Co,,  Tenn.... 

Mankato,  Minn 

Washington,  D.  C, .. 

Malone,  N'.  Y 

Xew  York  City,  N.Y, 
Indianapolis,  Ind. . . , 


Paterson,  N.  J , 


1826 
1826 
1836 
1812 
1814 
1825 
1850 
18t)2 
1850 
1862 
1864 
1874 
1853 
1875 
1891 
1875 
1885 
1S75 
1887 
1886 
1885 


1899 


9u 
83 
80 
73 
70 
51 
63 
7<» 
70 
72 
72 
74 
67 
54 
81 
66 
62 
63 
68 
56 
66 


55 


}3rtsitrcnts  pro  tempore  of  tije  WLnittH  ^tattn  <Senate, 


COKQRESS,(    Years. 


1.  2 

2 

2,  3 
3 

3,  4 
4 

4.  5 
6 
5 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
fi 
6 

7 
7 
8 
,  8 
8 

9,  10 
10 

10,  11 
11 
11 

11,  12 

12,  13 
13 

13-15 
15,  16 
16-19 


17S9-92 

1792 
179-2-94 
1794-95 
1795-96 
1796-97 

1797 

1797 
1797-98 

1798 
1798-99 

1799 
1799-1800 

1800 
1800-1801 

1801 
1801-02 
1802-03 
1S03-04 
1804-05 

1805 
1805-08 
1808-09 

1809 
1809-10 
1810-11 
1811-12 
1812-13 
1813-14 
1814-18 
1818-19 
1820-26 


Name. 


John  Langdon 

Richard  H.  Lee 

John  Langdon  

Ralph  Izard 

Henry  Tazewell , 

Samuel  Livermore.. ., 
William  Bingham..., 
William  Bradfofd..., 

Jacob  Read , 

Theo.  Sedgwick , 

John  Laurence , 

,1  ames  Ross 

Samuel  Liveriuore  ... 

Uri.ah  Tracy 

John  E.  Howard 

J.ames  Hillhonse  . . . . , 
Abraham  Baldwin..., 
Stephen  R.  Bradley., 

John  Brown , 

Jesse  Franklin 

Joseph  Anderson 

Samuel  Smith 

Stephen  R.  Br.adley., 

John  Milledge 

Andrew  Gresg , 

John  Gaillard 

.John  Pope 

Wm.  H.  Crawford  . . , 
Joseph  B.  Varuum.., 

John  Gaillard , 

James  Barbour , 

John  Gaillard . . , . . 


Slate. 

Born. 

Died. 

1' 

N.H. 

1739 

1819 

Va,,.. 

1732 

1794 

X,  H, 

1739 

1819 

S.C„. 

1742 

1804 

Va.... 

1753 

1799 

X.  H. 

1732 

1803 

Pa... 

1751 

1804 

R.  I.. 

17V9 

IS  (.18 

S,  C. 

1762 

1816 

Mass.. 

1746 

1813 

X.  Y.. 

1750 

1810 

Pa  . . . 

1762 

1847 

N.  H. 

1732 

1803 

Ct,... 

1755 

1807 

Md  .. 

1752 

1S27 

Ct.... 

1754 

1532 

Ga... 

1754 

1607 

Vt... 

1754 

1S30 

Kv,.. 

1757 

1837 

X.C. 

1758 

lS->3 

Tenn. 

1757 

1S37 

Md... 

1752 

1839 

Vt  ... 

1754 

1B30 

Ga,... 

1757 

ISI8 

Pa... 

1755 

1S35 

S,  C. 

1765 

1S26 

Kv... 

1770 

1845 

Ga,,,. 

1772 

lh34 

Ma.ss.. 

175C 

\sn 

S.  C. 

1765 

18i6 

Va..., 

1775 

1S42 

S.  C. 

1765 

1826 

;ONGRK<S. 


19,  20 
20-22 

22 
22.   23 

23 

24 
24-26 
26,   27 
27-29 
29,   30 

31,  32 

32,  33 

33,  34 
34 

35.   36 
36-38 

38 

39 

40 

40 
41,   42 

43 
44,   45 

46 

47 

47 

48 

49 
49-51 

62 

53 
54-60 


Years. 


1826-28 
1828-32 

1832 
1832-34 
1834-35 
183.5-36 
1836-41 
1841-42 
1842-46 
1846-49 
1850-52 
1852-54 
1854-57 

1857 
1857-61 
1861-64 
1864-65 
1865-67 
1867-69 

1869 
1869-73 
1873-75 
1875-79 
1879-81 

1881 
1881-83 
1883-85 
188.1^7 
1887-91 
1891-93 
1893-95 
1895- 


Name. 


Nathaniel  Macon... 

Samuel  Smith 

L.  W.  Tazewell.... 
Hwgh  L.  White,.  . 
George  Poindexter. 

Johu'Tyler 

Willi.amR.  King... 
Sanil.  L.  Southard.. 
W.  P.  Mangum .... 

D.  R.  Atchison 

William  K.  King... 

D.  R.  Atchison 

Jesse  D,  Bright  ,... 

James  M,  Mason 

Ben^.  Fitzpatrick. . . 

Solomon  Foot 

Daniel  Clark 

Lafayette  S.  Foster. 
Benjamin  F.  Wade. 
Theodore  M.  Pomeroy 
Henry  B.  Anthony. 
M,  H,  Carpenter... 
Thomas  W.  Ferry.. 
A.  G,  Thurman,  ,, 
Thomas  F.  Bayard. 

David  Davis 

Geo,  F.  Edmunds.. 

John  Sherman 

John  J.  Ingalls 

C.  F.  Manderson... 
Ish.am  G.  Harris  . . . 
William  P.  Frve... 


State. 

Born. 

X.C. 

1757 

Md... 

1752 

Va... 

1774 

Tenn, 

1773 

Miss,, 

1779 

Va... 

1790 

Ala,,, 

1786 

N,J., 

1787 

X.C. 

1792 

Mo... 

1807 

Ala,,, 

1786 

Mo... 

1807 

Ind... 

181-2 

Va... 

1798 

Ala,,, 

1802 

Vt,,., 

1802 

X,  H, 

1809 

Ct.... 

1806 

Ohio  . 

1800 

N.Y.. 

1824 

R,  1.. 

1815 

Wis . . 

1824 

Mich . 

1827 

Ohio  . 

1813 

Del.., 

18-,;  tj 

III.... 

1815 

Vt    .. 

1828 

Ohio.. 

1823 

Kan , , 

1833 

Xeb.. 

1837- 

Tenn . 

1818 

Me  . . . 

18:^1 

1837 
1839 
1860 
1840 
1853 
1862 
1S53 
1842 
1861 
1886 
1853 
1886 
1876 
1871 
1869 
1866 
1891 
1680 
187i< 
1905 
1884 
1881 
1896 
1895 
1893 
1886 

1900 
19U0 

i897 


cSpraifecrs  of  tlje 

m 

.  cS,  ^OUBt 

Of  Mrprcscntatibrs. 

Congress  , 

Years, 

Name. 

State. 

Horn. 

Died. 

CONREESS. 

Years, 

Name. 

State. 

Born.    Died 

1 

1789-91 

F.  A,  Muhlenburg., . . 

Pa  . . . 

1750 

1801 

29 

184=. -47 

John  W.  Davis 

Fnd... 

1799 

1850 

2 

1791-93 

Jonathan   Trumbull.. 

Ct.  .    . 

1740 

1809 

30 

1847-49 

Robert  C  Winthrop,, 

Mass.. 

1809 

1894 

3 

1793-95 

F,  A,  Muhlenburg.... 
Jonathan  Davton  .... 

Pa  , . . 

1750 

1801 

31 

1849-51 

Howell  Cobb. 

Ga... 

1815 

1868 

4,  5 

1795-99 

N,  J.. 

17>^0 

18 -24 

32.   33 

1851-55 

Linn  Bovd 

Kv... 

1800 

18. =19 

6 

1 799-1801 

Theo,  Sedgwick 

Mass.. 

1746 

1813 

34 

lS5o-.=)7 

Nathaniel  P.Banks  .. 

M.ass.. 

1816 

1894 

7-9 

1801-07 

Nathaniel  Macon 

X.C. 

1757 

1837 

35 

1867-59 

James  L.  Orr 

S.C. 

1822 

1873 

10,   11 

1807-11 

Joseph  B.  Varnum... 

Mass.. 

1750 

18-Jl 

36 

1859-61 

Wm.  Pennington  .... 

N,J.. 

1796 

1862 

12,   13 

1311-14 

Henrv  Clav 

Kv,,. 

1777 

1852 

37 

1861-63 

Galnsha  A.  Grow  .... 

Pa... 

1823 

190T 

13 

1814-15 

L.angdon  Cheves 

S.C. 

1776 

1857 

38-40 

1863-69 

Schuvler  Colfax 

Ind... 

1823 

1S»5 

14-16 

1815-20 

Henrv  Clav 

Kv. . . 

1777 

1852 

41-43 

1869-'5 

Jame'  '  *.  Blaine 

Me... 

1830 

1893 

16 

13-J0-21 

John  W.  t.avlor 

N.Y.. 

1784 

1854 

44 

1875-76 

Michuei  C.  Kerr 

Ind... 

1827 

1876 

17 

1821-23 

Philip  P.  Barbour.... 

Va..,. 

1783 

1841 

44-46 

1876-81 

Samuel  J.  Randall... 

Pa... 

1828 

1890 

18 

1823-25 

Henry  Clav 

Kv... 

1777 

1852 

47 

1881-83 

John  W.  Keifer 

Ohio  . 

1836 

19 

1825-27 

John  W.  favlor 

X,  Y.. 

1784 

1854 

48-50 

1883-89 

John  G.  Carlisle 

Kv... 

1835 

20-23 

1827-34 

Andrew  Stevenson  ... 

Va.,,. 

1784 

1857 

51 

1889-91 

Thomas  B.  Reed 

Me... 

1839 

1902 

23 

1834-35 

John  Bell 

Tenn . 

1797 

1869 

52,    53 

1891-95 

Charles  F.  Crisp 

Ga.... 

1845 

1896 

24,  25 

1835-39 

James  K.  Polk 

Tenn. 

1795 

1849 

Hi.   55 

1895-99 

Thomas  B.  Reed 

Me... 

1839 

1902 

26 

1839-41 

R.  M.  T,  Hunter 

Va,.,, 

180e 

1887 

66,   57 

1899-1903 

David  B.  Henderson. 

la.... 

1840 

190C 

27 

1841-43 

John  White 

Kv... 

1806 

1845 

68-60 

1903- 

Joseph  G,  Cannon... 

111.... 

1836 

» 

1843-46 

John  W.  Jones.,,,,,. 

V»..,. 

1606 

1846 

276 


j^vcsitrtntial  Satinet  #^'ccvisi.* 

SECRETARIES    OF    STATE. 


Fbksidents. 


Washington 


Adams. 


Jefferson. 
Madison. 


Monroe. ... 
J.  Q.  Adams 
Jackson.... 


Cabinet  Officers. 


Thomas  Jefferson.... 
Edmund  Randolph. 
Timothy  Pickering. 


John  Mar.shall 

James  Madison 

Robert  Smith 

James  Monroe 

John  Quincy  Adams 

Henry  Clay 

Martin  Van  Buren.... 
Edward  l^ivingston... 

Louis  ;McLanp. 

John  Fonsyth 


Van  Buren. 

Harrison 

Tyler 


Polk...  . 
Ta3'lor . 


Daniel  Webster. 


HusrhS.  Lesrai-e.... 

Abel  P.  Upshur 

John  C.  Calhoun  .. 
James  Buchanan- 
John  M.  Clayton  .. 


Date 

Resi- 

of     Ap- 

deuces. 

point- 

ment. 

Va 

1789 

4   4 

1794 

Mass... 

1795 

'  • 

1797 

Va 

1800 

1801 

Md  .  ... 

1809 

Va 

1811 

Mass... 

1817 

Ky 

1825 

N.  Y... 

1829 

La 

1831 

Del.  ... 

1833 

Ga 

1834 

'  ■ 

1837 

Mass... 

1841 

4  1 

1841 

S    C 

1843 

Va 

1843 

s.  c 

1844 

Pa 

1845 

Del 

1849 

Fbksidents, 


Fillniore. 


Pierce 

Buchanan  .. 


Lincoln., 
Johnson , 
Grant . ... 


Hayes 

Garfield 

Arthur 

Cleveland  .... 
B.  Harrison 


Cleveland.. 
McKinlej' 


Cabinet  Officers. 


Roosevelt. 


Daniel  Webster 

Edward  Everett 

William  L.  Marcy 

Lewis  Cass 

Jeremiah  s.  Black 

William  H.  Seward... 

Elihu  B.  Washburn  ... 

Hamilton  Fish 

William  M.  Evarts  ... 

James  G.  Blaine 

F.  T.  Freliufjhuysen... 

Thoma,s  F.  Bayard 

James  G.  Blaine , 

John  W.  Foster 

Walter  Q.  Gresham  ... 

Richard  Olney 

John  Sherman 

William  R.  Day 

John  Hay 


Elihu  Root N.   \ 


Resi- 
dences. 


Mass  . 

N.   y' 
Mich  . 

Pa 

N.   Y. 


Dat.e 

of  Aj->- 

poinU 

in."tit. 


HI 

N.   Y. 


Me  .... 
iS'.  J... 
Del.... 
Me  .... 
Ind.... 

Ill 

Ma.ss . 
Ohio.. 


1850 
185*2 
1853 
1857 
1860 
1861 
1865 
1869 
1869 
1877 
1881 
1881 
1885 
1889 
1892 
1893 
1895 
1897 
1897 
1898 
1901 
1905 


SECRETARIES    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


Washington 

4    4 

Alexander  Hamilton... 
Oliver  Wolcott 

N.  Y... 
Ct 

4    4 

Ma.ss... 

4  i 

Pa !!! 

4  4 

Tenii".! 

Pa  

Ga 

4   4 

Pa!!!!!!!! 

4   4 

Dei!!!!!! 
Pa 

Md 

N.  H... 

4  i 

Ohio. !!! 

4   4 

Pa....!!!! 

N.  Y... 

Ky 

Miss 

Pa 

Ohio  ... 

1789 
1795 
1797 
1801 
1801 
1801 
1809 
1814 
1814 
1816 
1817 
1825 
1829 
1831 
1833 
1833 
1834 
1837 
1841 
1841 
1841 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1849 
1850 

Pierce  

James  Guthrie 

Ky.... 

Ga 

Md 

N.  Y... 
Ohio  ... 

Me 

Ind 

4   4 

Mass... 

Ky ...!!! 

Me 

Ohio 

Minn... 
N.  Y... 
Ind 

i   4 

N.  y!!! 

4  4 

Minn... 
Ohio  ... 
Kv.... 
111..... 

la.  !!!! 

N.  Y.. 

1853 

Buchanan.. .. 

4   4 
4  ( 

Lincoln.., 

Johnson 

Grant 

Howell  Cobb 

1857 

Adams 

4    4 

Philip  F.  Thomas 

.Tohn  A     Dix         

1860 

4   4 

Samuel  Dexter  

1861 

Jefferson 

*   4 

Salmon  P.  Cha.se 

William  P.  Fessenden 
Hugh  McCuUoch 

4  4 

George  S.  Bontwell... 
Wm.  A.  Richardson  .. 
Benjamin  H.  Bristow 
Lot  M    Morrill 

1861 

4  4 

Albert  Gallatin 

18<>4 

Madison 

4  4 

1865 

4   4 

t  4 

George  W.  Campbell... 

Alexander  J.  Dallas 

William  II.  Crawford.. 

Richard  Rush      

1865 
1869 

4   i 

« « 

1873 

Monroe 

(( 

1874 

J    Q   Adams 

( i 

1876 

Jackson 

Samuel  D.  Ingham 

Louis  McLane 

Haves 

John  Sherman 

1877 

t  ( 

Gai'tield 

Arthur 

William  Windom 

Charles  J.  Folger 

Walter  Q.  Gresham... 

Hugh  McCulloch 

Daniel  Manning 

1881 

« i 

William  J.  Duane 

Roger  B   Taney 

1881 

4  1 

i  t 

1884 

t  * 

Levi  Woodbury 

t  > 

1884 

Van  Buren,. 

Cleveland  ... 

4    4 

B.  Harrison 

4   4 

Cleveland  ... 
McKinley  .. 
Roosevelt... 

1885 

Harrison 

Thomas  Ewing 

Charles  S.  Fairchild.... 

Williatn  Windom 

Charles  Foster 

1887 

Tyler.. 

i  i 

1889 

^Valter  Forward    

1891 

4  t 

John  C   Spencer 

John  G.  Carlisle 

Lyman  J.  Gage 

4    4 

Lesl  i  e  M.  Sh  aw. '. .'  .'.*  * ." . 
George  B.  Cortelyou. 

1893 

«( 

George  M    Bibb 

1897 

Polk 

Robert  J.  Walker. 

William  M.  :Meredith. 
Thomas  Corwin 

1901 

Taylor 

Fillmore 

1901 
1907 

SECRETARIES    OF    WAR. 


Washington 

Henry  Knox 

Timothy  Pickering 

James  McHeurv      

Mass... 

Md ..!!! 
Va !!!!!! 

Mass... 
Ct 

Mass... 

i  k 

N.  y!!! 

Va 

Ga 

Ky 

Va 

s.  c 

Va 

N.  Y... 
Tenn... 
Ohio  ... 
N.  Y... 

S.  c 

Tenn... 

4    4 

Ohio  !!! 
N.  Y... 
Pa 

1   4 

n.y!!! 

Ga 

1789 
1795 
1796 
1797 
1800 
1800 
1801 
1801 
1809 
1813 
1814 
1815 
1817 
1817 
1817 
1825 
1828 
1829 

is;bi 

1837 
1S37 
1841 
1841 
1841 
1841 
1843 
1S44 
1845 
1849 

Taylor 

Fillmore 

Pierce  

Buchanan. . 

4    4 

Lincoln 

4  4 

Johnson  

4  4 

t  i 
t  i 

Grant 

i  4 

4  4 

Edward  Bates 

Mo 

La 

Mi.ss.. .. 

Va 

Kv 

Pd 

Ohio  ... 

4  4 

111-...!!! 

n!y... 
Ill 

Ohio  ... 

la 

Ohio  ... 

Pa 

la 

Minn... 
Ill  

4  4 

Mass... 

Vt 

W.  Va. 
N.  Y.. 
Mich . . 
N.  Y.. 

Ohio. ! ! 

i 

1850 

•  • 

Charles  M.  Conrad 

.TpfTerson   Davis 

1850 
1853 

Adams 

1 4 

John  B.  Floyd 

1857 

t  4 

John  ^Marshall  

.To.sepli  Holt 

1861 

t  k 

Samuel  De.xter  

Simon  Cameron  .     .  .. 

1861 

•  ( 

Roser  Griswold 

Edwin  M.  Stanton 

U.  S.  Grant  (ad.  In'.').'.'. 
Lor.  Thomas  (ad.  in. ) 

John  M.  Schofield 

John  A.  Rawlins 

William  T.  Sherman.. 
William  W.  Belknap.. 

Alphonso  Taft 

James  Don.  Cameron.. 
George  W.  IMcCrary... 
Ale-xander  Ramsev..... 
Robert  T.  Lincoln" 

William  C.  Endicott" 
Redfield  Proctor 

1862 

Jefferson 

Henrv  Dearborn 

3865 

Madison 

William  Eustis  

John  Armstrong 

1867 
1868 

t  4 

.Tames  Monroe 

1868 

t  i 

Monroe 

William  H.  Crawford.. 
Isaac  shelbv 

1869 
1869 

i  i 

Geo.  Graham  (ad.  i». ).. 

John  C.  Calhoun 

James  Barbour  

1869 

1 1 
J.  Q.  Adams 

4  4 
4  4 

1876 
1876 

•  i 

Peter  B.  Porter 

H"aves 

1877 

Jackson  

John  H    Eaton  

4  * 

1879 

it 

Lewis  Cass 

Benjamin  F.   Butler 

.Joel  R.  Poinsett 

Garfield 

Arthur 

1881 
1881 

Van  Buren.. 

Cleveland  ... 
B.  Harrison 

4   4 

Cleveland  .. 
McKinley  .. 

4    4 

Roosevelt. . . 

•  a*  * 

i 

1885 

Harrison 

John  Bell- 

1889 

Tyler 

Stephen  B.  Elkins 

Daniel  S.  Lament 

Russell  A.  Alger 

Elihu  Root 

1891 

John  INIcLean        

1893 

«  i 

.John  C   Snencer  

1897 

i  « 

.Tames   M.  Porter 

1899 

t  « 

William  Wilkins 

(  4 

1901 

Polk 

Taylor 

William  L.  Marcv 

•George  W.  Crawford.. 

William  H.  Taft 

1904 

JPresidential  Cabinet    Officers. — Continued. 


S77 


SECRETARIES    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


Pbbsidents. 


Taylor.... 
Fillmore. 


Pierce 

Buchanan , 
Lincoln  ... . 


Johnson , 

t  t 

Grant 


Cabinet  Officers. 


Thomas  Ewiug 

James  A.  Pearce — 

Thos.  M.  T.  McKennan. 
Alexander  H.H., Stuart 

Robert  McClelland 

Jacob  Thompson 

Caleb  B.  Smith 

John  P.  Usher 


James  Harlan 

Orville  H.  Browning-... 

•lacob  D.  Cox 

Columbus  Delano 


Resi- 
dences. 

OhfoT 
Md  .. .. 

Pa 

Va 

Mich.. 
Miss  .. 
Ind  .... 


Iowa . 
Ill  ...  . 
Ohio... 


Date 
of  Ap- 
point- 
ment. 

1849 
1850 
1850 
1850 
1853 
1857 
1861 
18(!3 
1865 
1865 
1866 
1869 
1870 


Pkksi6knts. 


Grant 

Hayes 

Gartield 

Arthur 

Cleveland  .. 

B.  Harrison. 
Cleveland  .. 

McKinley  .. 

Roosevelt  . 


Cabinet  Officers. 


Zachariah  Chandler... 

CarliSchurz 

Samuel  J.  Kirkwood„ 

Henry  M.  Teller 

Lucius  Q.  C.  Lamar.., 

William  F.Vilas 

John  W.  Noble 

Hoke  Smith 

David  R.  Francis 

Cornelius  N.  Bli.ss 

Ethan  A.  Hitchcock. 


Date 
of  Ap- 
point- 
ment. 

1876 
1877 
1881 
188*2 
1885 
1888 
Mo I  1889 


Resi- 
liences. 

IsTich" 

Mo 

Iowa.., 
Col 

Miss  .. 
Wis.... 


James  R.  Garfield. 


Ga  ... 
Mo... 
N.  V 
Mo... 


Ohio 


1893 
1896 
1897 
1899 
1901 
1907 


SECRETARIES    OF    THE    NAVY. 


Adams  .... 
Jefferson 


Madison . 


Monroe. 


J.  Q.  Adams 
Jackson 


Van  Bureu.. 


Harri.son 
Tyler 


Polk 


Benjamin  Stoddert Md 


Robert  Smith 

Jacob  Crowninshield... 

Paul  Hamilton 

William  Jones 

B.  \y.  Crowninshield. 


Smith  Thompson 

Samuel  L.  Southard. 


John  Branch 

Levi  Woodbury 

Mahlon  Dickersou. 


James  K.  Paulding.. 
George  F.  Badger.... 


Abel  P.  Upshur  

David  Henshaw 

Thomas  W.  Gilmer 

John  Y.  Mason 

George  Bancroft 


Mass . 
S.  C... 
Pa„.... 
Mass . 

N.  Y. 
N.  J  .. 

N.  C  '.' 
N.  H. 
N.  J... 


N.  Y, 
N.  C. 

Va ...; 

Mass . 
Va  .... 


Mass . 


1798 
1801 
1801 
1805 
1809 
1813 
1S14 
1817 
1818 
1823 
1825 
1829 
1831 
1834 
1837 
1838 
1841 
1841 
1841 
1843 
1844 
1844 
1845 


Polk 

Taylor .... 
Fillmore- 


Pierce 

Buchanan 

Lincoln  

Johnson  ... 
Grant 


John  Y.  Mason 

William  B.  Preston  . 
William  A.  Graham. 
John  P.  Kennedy  .... 

James  C.  Dobbin 

Isaac  Toucej' 

Gideon  Welle-s 


Hayes 


Garfield 

Arthur 

Cleveland  .. 
B.  Harrison, 
Cleveland  .. 
McKinley. 1 
Roosevelt. .. 


Adolph  E.  Borie 

George  M.  Robe.son 

Richard  W.  Thompson. 

Nathan  Goff,  Jr 

William  H.  Hunt 

William  E.  Chandler.... 

William  C.  Whitney 

Benjamin  F.  Tracy 

Hilary  A.  Herbert 

John  D.  Long 


William  H.  Moody.,.. 
Paul  Morton 

Charles  J.  Bonaparte. , 
Victor  H.  Metcalf 


Va 

■  « 

N.  d"'. 

Md 

N.  C. 
Ct 

Pa'..'.!!'.! 

N.  J  .. 
Ind  .... 
W.Va 

La 

N.  H.. 
N.  Y.. 

Ala  .." 

Mass .. 

it 

111...! 

Md... 
Cal . . . 


1846 
1849 
1850 

1852 
1853 
1857 
1861 
18«)6 
1869 
1869 
1877 
1881 
1881 
18K2 
1885 
18S9 
1803 
1897 
1901 
1902 
1904 
1905 
1907 


SECRETARIES  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Cleveland  ... 
B.  Harrison, 
Cleveland ... 


Norman  J.  Colman. 
Jeremiah  M.  Rusk  . . 
J.  Sterling  Morton.... 


Mo.. 
Wis. 
Neb. 


1889 
1889 
1893 


McKinley 
Roosevelt. 


James  Wilson . 


la. 


1897 
1901 


POSTMASTERS-CENERAL.t 


Washuigton 

Samuel   Osarood 

Mass ... 

4  4 

Ga. ...".. 

4  4 

Ct. :::::: 

i  4 

Ohio  ".'.' 

4  4 
4  t 
4  t 

4  ( 

Ct .  .".'.'.■.': 

N.   Y... 

4  k 

Ky ....':; 

Tenn... 
Vt 

N.  Y.. 

Ct 

Pa 

Tenn... 

Ky 

Me 

1789 

1791 

1795 

1797 

1801 

1801 

1809 

1814 

1817 

1823 

1825 

1829 

1835 

1837 

1840 

18411 

1841  i 

1841, 

1845! 

18491 

1850l 

1852; 

1853 

1857 

1859 1 

1861 ! 

Liucolu  

Johnson  

Grant 

1   4 

Moriteromerv  Blair 

Md 

Ohio  ... 

t    4 

Wis.'.!! 

Md 

Va 

Ind".".!.' 
Tenu... 

N.  y!!! 

Wis.... 
Ind.... 

la 

Wis.... 
Mich... 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 
W.Va. 

Md 

Pa 

t  i 

Wis'!'.'! 

Pa 

N.  Y... 
Mass.. 

1861 

Timothy  Pickering 

Joseph  Habersham 

4  t 

Gideon   Granerer 

William  Dennison 

1864 

4  4 

»  i 

1865 

Adams 

Alexander  W.  Randall 

John  A.  J.  Cresswell 

James  W.    Marshall 

Marshall  Jewell 

1866 

Jefferson 

1869 
1874 

TVTadisnn    . 

t  ( 

4  4 

1874 

*  i 

Return  J.  Meigs,  Jr..  ... 
John  McTjean  

4  t 

James  N.  Tyner 

1876 

IVTonroft 

Haves  « 

David  McK.    Kej' 

1877 

4  t 

4   i 

Horace  Maynard 

1880 

J.  Q.  Adams 
Jacksou 

i  t 

Garfield  

Arthur 

4  4 

4  4 

Thomas  I>   .Jame.s 

1881 

William  T   Barry 

Timothv  O.  Howe 

1881 

i  4 

Amos  Kendall 

Walter  Q.  Gresham 

Fiank  Hatton 

1883 

Van  Bureu.. 

fc  i 

1884 

TTarrison 

.lolm  M.  Niles 

Francis  Gransrer 

Cleveland  ... 

B.^arrison. 
Cleveland  ... 

4   4 

McKinley  .'.! 
Roosevelt  . . 

4  h 

4  ( 
<  i 
4  4 

William  F.  Vilas 

Don  M    Dickinson 

1885 
1888 

Tyler 

4  4 

t>  ( 

John  Wanamaker„.. 

Wilson  S.  Bissell 

William  L.  Wilson 

James  A.  Garj' 

1889 

Charles  A.  Wickliffe.... 
Cave  Johnson 

1893 

Polk 

1895 

Taylor 

.Jacob  Collamer  

1897 

Fillmore    .. 

Nathan   K    Hall 

Charles  Emory  Smith... 

h  4 

Henry  C,  Payne 

Robert  J.  Wynne 

George  B.  Cortelyou. ... 
George  von  L.  Meyer  .. 

1898 

4  4 

Pierce 

Samuel  D.  Hubbard 

James  Cami)bell 

1901 
1901 

Buchanan  ... 

Aaron  V.  Brown 

1904 

4   4 

.Joseph  Holt 

1905 

4  <, 

TToratio  I\ing 

1907 

t  The  Postmaster-General  was  not  considered  a  Cabinet  officer  until  1829, 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 


1^(57 
1809 
1811 
1814 
1817 
1817 
1825 
1828 


Washington 


Adams 

4  4 

Jefferson 


Edmund  Randolph.. 
William  Bradford... 
Charles  Lee 


Theophilus  Parsons.. 

Levi  J.,incoln 

Robert  Smith 

John  Breckinridge... 


Va 

1789 

Pa 

1794 

Va 

1795 

4   4 

1797 

Mass... 

1801 

4   4 

1801 

Md 

1805 

Ky 

1805 

Jetrerson. 
Madison.. 


Ciesar  A.  Rodney., 

4  4 

William  Pinkney.. 
Richard  Rush 


Monroe . 

William  Wirt. 
J.  Q.  Adams 
Jacksou  ....../John  McP.  Berrieu. 


Del. 

4  t 

Md" 
Pa... 

4  4 

Va"! 

Ga!! 


278 


fTastices  of  the   Vnlted  States  Suprevie   Court. 


ATTORNEYS- GENERAL— CoJi/mHed. 


Sate 
of  Ap- 
point- 
ment. 


Presidents. 


Jaekson  — 
Van  Bureu. 

«  % 
S  i 

Harrison 

Tyler 

I   ( 

Polk  ..'.'.'.'.v.'.'.*.' 

Taylor 

Fillmore.... 

Pierce  

Buchanan .. 

Lincoln  

Johnson 


Cabinet  Officers. 


Roger  B.  Taney 

Benjamin  F.  Butler... 

Felix  Grundy 

Henry  D.  Gilpin 

John  J.  Crittenden 

Hugh  S.  Legare 

John  Nelson 

John  Y.  Mason 

Nathan  Clidord 

Isaac  Toucey 

Reverdy  Johnson 

John  J.  Crittenden 

Caleb  Cnshinc: 

Jeremiah  S.  Black 

Edwin  M.  Stanton 

Edward  Bales 

Titian  .L  CoffeyCod.  in. ) 
James  Speed 


Date 

Resi- 

of Ap- 

dences. 

point- 

ment. 

Md . . . . 

1831 

N.  Y... 

1833 

.  i 

1837 

Tenn . . 

1838 

Pa 

1S40 

Kv 

1841 

k  b 

1841 

S.   C 

3841 

3rd 

1843 

Va 

1845 

Me 

1846 

Ot. 

1848 

Md 

1849 

Ky 

1850 

Ma.ss... 

1853 

Pa 

1857 

Ohio  ... 

1860 

Mo 

1861 

Pa 

1863 

Ky     ... 

1864 

t  ( 

1865 

Presidents. 

Johnson  

Grant 

i . 

.  ( 

( i. 

Hayes 

Garfield  

Arthur 

Cleveland  .. 
B.  Harrison 
Cleveland  .. 

McKinlej' .. 
%  ( 

4  i 

Roosevelt. . 


Cabinet  Officers, 

Resf- 
dences. 

Hpnrv  StRiihprv       

Ohio... 

William  M.  Evart.s 

Ebenezer  R.  Hoar 

N.  Y... 

Ma.ss... 

Amos  T.  Ackerman 

George  H.  Williams 

Edwards  Pierrepout 

■Vlnhonso  Taft 

Ga 

Ore 

N.  Y... 
Ohio 

Charles  Devens 

Mass... 

Wavne  MacVeagh 

Pa 

Benjamin  H.  Brew.ster.. 
Augustus  H.  Garland... 
William  H.  H.  Miller... 
Richard  Olnev 

Pa 

Ark 

Ind 

Mass.... 

Jndson  Harmon 

.Joseph  McKenna 

Ohio  .. 
Cal 

•fohn  W.  Griggs 

N.  J.... 

Philander  C,  Knox 

SVilliam  H.  Moody 

Charles  J.  Bonaparte .. 

Pa  ..  . 

INf  ass . 
Md.... 

1866 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1881 
1B81 
1885 
1889 
1893 
1895 
1897 
1897 
1901 
1901 
1904 
1907 


SECRETARIES   OF   COMMERCE   AND   LABOR. 


Roosevelt, 


George  B.  Cortelyou IN.  Y. 

Victor  H.  Metcalf ICal.. 


1903 
1904 


Roosevelt. . .  Oscar  S.  Straus. 


N.  Y..   1907 


•  Should  changes  occur  while  the  Almanac  .is  passing  through  the  press  they  will  be  found  noted 
on  the  page  of  "Occurrcuces  During  Printing. ' ' 

NoTK.— The  individual  States  have  been  represented  the  following  number  of  times  in  Cabinet 


3;  Veruiout,  2;  California,  3;  Alabama,  1;  Arkansas,  1;  C'olorado,  1;  Nebraska,  1;  Oregon,  1, 


JItisticcs  of  tfjr  santtrtr  .States  .Supreme  ^ourt, 


(Names  of  the  Chief  Justices  in  Italics.) 


Namb. 


Servick. 


Term. 


John  Jny,  N.  Y 1789 


John  RuMedge,  S.  C 
William  Cusning,  Mass... 

James  WiLson,  Pa 

John  Blair,  Va 

Robert  H.  Harrison.  Md.. 

James  Iredell.  N.  C 

Thomas  Johnson,  Md 

William  Paterson,  N.  J.... 

John  Jhitledge,  S.  C 

Samuel  Chase,  Md 

OHrer  HK.vvortfi.  Ct 1796 

Bushrod  Washington,  Va.  1798 

Alfred  Moore.  N.  C 

John  MarshaU,  Va 

William  Johnson,  S.  C 

Brock.  Livingston.  N.  Y.. 

Thomas  Todd.  Ky 

Joseph  Storv.  Mass 

Gabriel    Duval,  Md 

Smith  Thompson.  N.  Y... 

Robert  Trimble.  Ky 

John  McLean.  Ohio 

Henry  Baldwin.  Pa 

James  !y;.  Wayne.  Ga 

Rop'^r  B.   Taney.  !\rd 

Philip  P.  Barbour,  Va 

John  Catron.  Tenn 

John  McKinlev,  Ala 11837 

Peter  V.  Daniel.  Va 11841 

Samuel  Nelson,  N.  Y Il846 


1789 
1789 
1789 
1789 
J  789 
1790 
1791 
1793 
1795 
1 796 


1799- 

1801- 

1804- 

1806- 

1807- 

1811- 

1811- 

1823- 

18'26- 

18-29- 

1830 

1835- 

1836- 

1836- 

1837- 


1795 

1791 

1810 

1798 

1796 

1790 

1799 

1793 

1806 

1795 

1811 

1800 

1829 

1804 

1835 

1834 

1823 

1826 

1845 

1836 

1843 

1828 

1861; 

1844 

1867, 

1864: 

1841! 

1865 

-1852 

-1860 

1872 


Born. 


Died. 


6  1745 
2 1 1739 
21 11733 
911742 
7;1732 

1  1745 
9:1751 

2  1732 

13  1745 
...  1739 

15  1741 

4  1745 

31  1762 

5  1755 
34  1755 
30  1771 
17  1757 

19  1765 
34  1779 
25  17.52 

20  1767 
2  1777 

32  1785 

14  1779 
32  1790 
28  1777 

5J1783 
28  1786 

15  1780 
19,1785 
27 '1792 


1829 
1800 
1810 
1798 
1800 
1790 
1799 
1819 
1806 
1800 
1811 
1807 
1829 
1810 
1835 
1834 
1823 
1826 
1845 
1844 
1843 
1828 
18611 
18441 
,1867; 
1864! 
18411 
1865 
1852! 
1860i 
18731 


Name. 


Levi  Woodbury,  N.  H 

Robert  C.  Grier,  Pa 

Benj.  R.  Curtis,  Mass 

.lohn  A.  Campbell,  Ala... 

Nathan  Clillbrd.  Me 

Noah  H.  Swayne,  Ohio 

Samuel  F.  Miller,  Iowa... 

David  Davis.  Ill 

Stephen  J.  Field,  Cal 

Salmon  P.    Cliose,  Ohio 

William  Strong.  Pa 

Joseph  P.  Bradlev,  N.  J... 

Ward  Hunt,  N.  Y' 

Moni'-foji  a.  WaUe,  Ohio... 

John  M.  Harlan.  Kv 

William  B.  Woods,  Ga 

Stanley  Matthews,  Ohio... 

Horace  Gray.  ISfass 

Samuel  Blatchford,  N.  Y. 
Lucius  Q.  C.  Lamar,  ISIiss... 

Melville  W.  Fuller.  Ill 

David  J.  Brewer,  Kan 

Henry  B.  Brown,  ISlich... 

George  Shiras.  Jr. .  Pa 

Howell  E.Jackson,  Tenn. 

Edward  D.  White.  La 

Rufus  W.  Peckham.N.Y. 

Joseph  McKenna,  Cal 

Oliver  W.  Holmes,  Mass. 
William  R.  Day,  Ohio. . . 
'  William  H.  Moody,  Mass, 


Service. 

Bom. 

Died. 

Term. 

£: 

>- 

1846-1851 

6 

1789 

1851 

1846-1870 

23 

1794 

1870 

18.51-1857 

6 

1809 

1874 

1853-1861 

8 

1811 

1889 

1858-1881 

23 

1803 

1881 

1861-1881 

20 

1804 

1884 

1862-1890 

28 

1816 

1890 

1862-1877 

15 

1815 

1886 

1863-1897 

34 

1816 

1899 

1864-1873 

9 

1808 

1873 

1 870- ; 880 

10 

1808 

1895 

1870-1892 

22 

1813 

1892 

1872-1882 

10 

1811 

1886 

1874-1888 

14 

1816 

1888 

1877-  

1833    

1880-1887 

1824  1887 

1881-1889 

8 

1824  1889 

1881-1902 

21 

1828  1902 

1882-1893 

11 

1820;i893 

1^88-1893 

5 

1825 

1893 

1888-   

... 

1833 

•••>•• 

1889-   

1837 

1890-1906 

6 

1836 

1892-1903  11 

1832 

1893-1895 

^ 

1832 

1895 

1893-    

1845 

189.5-    .... 

1838 

•  •  •  • 

1898-    .... 

1843 

•  *  •  • 

1902-    .... 

1841 

1903-   .... 

' 

1849 

•  »  •  • 

1906-  .... 

« • 

1863 

*  fl  •  • 

Diplomatic  Intercourse. 


279 


sanitetr  states  UBitpartmnit  ^^cials^ 

COMMISSIONERS    OF    PENSIONS. 


Thar. 

Commissioners. 

Year. 

Commissioners. 

Vkar. 

Commissioners. 

1861-68 
1868-69 
1869-71 
1871-: 5 
1S75-76 
3876 

Joseph  H.   Barrett... 
Christopher  C.  Cox.. 

H.  Vau  Aprnam 

James  H.  B;iker 

H.  M.  Atkinson 

Charles  R.Gill 

1876-81 

1881-84 

18S4-85 

1885-89 

1889 

1889-93 

•Tolin  A.  Beutlev 

William  W.ljudley.. 

Otis  P.  G.  Clarke 

.lohnC.  Black 

James  Tanner 

Green  B.  Raum 

1893-96 

1896-97 

1897-1902 

1902-04 

1905 

VVilliam  Lochren 

Dominic  I.  Murphy... 

Henry  C.  Evans 

Kugene  F.  Ware 

Vespasian  Warner 

COMMISSIONERS    OF    PATENTS. 


1836 

18.5 

Hen  ry  L.  EUswortli . . 

Edmniid  Burke 

Thomas  Ewbank 

Silas  H.  Hodges 

Char! es  Mason 

Joseph  Holt 

1865 
1868 
1869 
1871 
1874 
1875 
1877 
1878 
1^80 

Thoviias  C.  Theaker. . 
Elisha  Foote 

1883 
1885 
1887 
1889 
1891 
1893 
1897 
1898 
1901 

Beuj;  Bntterworth  — 
M.  V.  Moutgomerj-.  . . 

Benton  J.  Hall 

Charles  E,  Mitchell.. . . 
William  E.  Simonds  . . 

Johns.  Seymour 

Benj.  Butterworth. . . . 

1849 
1852 
1853 

1857 

Samuel  S.  Fisher 

Mortimer  D,  Leggett 

.John  M.  Thacher 

RodoIphnsH.  Duell. 
Ellis  Spear 

1859 

William  D.   Bishop.. 
Phillip  F.  Thomas.... 
David  P.  Hollowav..! 

1860 
1861 

HalbertE.  Paine.... 
Edgar  M.   Marble 

Charles  H.  Duell 

Frederick  I.  Allen  — 

DIRECTORS    OF    THE    MINT. 


1792-95  I  David  Rittenhouse... 
1795  Henry  W.De^^aussure 
1795-1 805, Elias  Boudinoi 


l>s()6-24 
1824-35 
3835-51 


Robert  Patterson 

Samuel  Moore 

Robert M.  Patterson. 


1851-53 

lb53 

1853-61 

1861-66 

1867-69 

1869-73 


George  N.  Eckert 

Thomas  M.  Pettit 

James  R.  Snowden.. 

James  Pollock 

Henry  R.  Linderman 
James  Pollock 


\ ] 873-79 
11879-84 
11885-88 
1889-93 
1893-98 
11898 


Henry  Linderman... 
Horatio  C.  Burchard. 
•lames  P.  Kimball.... 

Edward  O.  Leech 

Robert  E.  Preston  ... 
George  E.  Roberts 


Diplomatic  Intcrcotirjsc. 


Ai-M-epresentatives  not  otherwise  designated  bore  the  title  of  minister  plenipotentiary  or  envoy 
extraordinary  or  both. 

RUSSIA. 

UNITED  STATES  MINISTEKS  AND  AMBASSADORS  TO  RUSSIA. 


Pbesidknts. 


Madison. 


Monroe. 


J.  Q.  Adams. 
Jackson 


Van  Buren. 


Tyler. 
Polk.. 


Fillmore... . 

Pierce 

Buchanan. 


Lincoln. 


Ministers. 


John  Quincy  Adams 

I.evett  Harris,  ch.  d'aff. 

William  I'inkney 

fieorge  AV.  Campbell 

Henrv  Middlaton 


.John  Randolph 

.1  ames  Buchanan 

.lohu  K.  Clay,  ch.  d'aff... 

William  "Wilkins 

.lohii  U.  Clay,  ch.  d'aif... 

fieorgo  M.  Dallas 

W.AV.  Chew,  ch.  d'aff.... 
Churchill  C.  Cambreleng. 

Charles  8.  Todd 

Kalph  J.  Ingersoll 

Arthur  P.  Bagby 

Xeil  S.  Brown 

Thomas  H.  Seymour. .  ^. . , 

Prancia  W.  Pickens 

John  Appleton 

Cassius  M.  Clay 

Simon  Cameron 

Bayard  Taylor 

Cassius  ]M.  Clav 


States. 

JIass. ., 

Pa 

Md 

Tenn. .. 
S.  C... 


Va. 

Pa., 


N.  Y.. 
Ky... 

Ct.... 

Ala.. 

Tenn. 

Ct.... 

S.C.. 

Me... 

Ky... 

Pa.... 

X.  Y.. 

Ky... 


Date.* 

1809 
1S14 
181(5 
1818 
1820 
18-20 
1830 
lo32 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1837 
1839 
1840 
1641 
1846 
1848 
1850 
1853 
1858 
1860 
1861 
186-> 
186'2 
1863 


Presidents. 


Grant. 


Haves. 


Garfield. 
Arthur.. 


Cleveland.  . . 
B.  Harrison. 


Cleveland.  . . 
McKlnley. .. 

Roosevelt  . .. 


Ministers. 


Andrew  li.  Curtin 

James  I..  Orr 

Marshall  .lewell 

Eugene' Schuyler,  ch.  d'aff.... 

George  H.  Boker 

E.  \V.  Stoughton 

Wickham  Hoffman,  ch.  d'aff.. 
John  W.  Foster 


d'aff. 


Wickham  Hoffman,  ch. 

William  H.  Hunt 

Alphonso  Taft 

George  V.  M.  I.othrop 

Lambert  Tree 

George  Vv'.  Wurts,  ch.  d'aff... 

Charles  Emory  Smitn 

Andrew  D.  Wnite 

Clifton  11.  Breckinridge 

Ethan  A.  Hitchcock 

"  "         amb 

Charlemagne  Tower,  amb 

Robert  S.  McCormick,  amb... 
George  von  L.  Meyer,  amb  .. 
John  W.  Kiddle,  amb 


States. 


Pa.... 
S.  C. 
Ct.... 

N.  y.. 

Pa.... 
>f.  Y.. 

Ind..'* 

N.  yV. 
La.... 


Ohio.. 
Jlich. 
111.  .. 
Pa.... 


X.  Y. 

Ark.  . 
Mo... 


Pa.. 


HI.... 

Mass. 
Mass. 


Date.» 


1869 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1880 
1S81 
1882 
1884 
1885 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1892 
1894 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1899 
1902 
1905 
1907 


RUSSIAN  MINISTERS  AND  AMBASSADORS  TO  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Emperors, 

Ministers. 

D.ate.* 

Emperors. 

Ministers. 

Date.* 

Alexander  1.. 

Andre  de  Daschkoff,  ch.  d'aff 

1809 
1810 
1811 
1S19 
18-22 
1823 
1826 
1827 
1838 
18-^8 
1854 
1808 
1869 

Alex.  II 

(4 
(( 

Alexander  Gorloff,  ch.  d'aff 

1871 

t( 

Count  Theodore  de  Pahlen 

Baron  Henri  d'Offenberg 

1872 

iC 

Andre  de  Daschkoff         

Xicbolas  de  Voigt,  ell.  d'aff 

1874 

(( 

Chevalier  Pierra  de  Poletica 

Nicholas  Shishkin. 

1875 

« 

George  Ellisen,  ch.  d'aff ,' 

Baron  de  Tuyll 

« 

Alex.  III.".'.'.! 

(< 

Nicholas  11... 
« 

1880 

«t 

1882 

Nicholas  I. ... 

Baron  de  Maltitz,  ch.  d'aff 

Baron  Gustave  Schilling,  ch.  d'aff 

1892 

«t 

Baron  de  Krudener 

1893 

<( 

Georg«  Krehmer,  ch.  d'aff 

i<               « 

1893 

>c 

Alexander  de  Bodisco 

E.  de  Kotzebue       

1896 

Alex.  II 

Edward  de  Stoeckl 

1898     ! 

4( 

Waldemar  Bodisco,  ch.  d'aff 

1905     1 

C( 

Constantine  Catacazy        . ,, 

1 

*  Dat«  of  Cppomisaion, 


280 


Diplomatic  Intercourse.— Continmd. 


GREAT    BRITAIN. 

UXITED  STATES  MIXISIERS  AXD  AMB.ASSADOKS  TO  GREAT  BKITAIX. 


PrC8IDENT8^ 

Kepresentatives. 

States. 

S.C... 
X.  Y.... 

Va.  ..'!! 
Md..  .. 
R.  I.... 
Mass... 

Pa....*!! 
X.Y.... 

Pa 

X.  Y.... 

Va 

Del..  .. 
X.  Y.... 

«( 
It 

Va.  ..*!! 
Mass 

Date. 

Presidents. 

^  Representatives. 
Joseph  R.  IngersoU 

States. 
Pa 

i( 
(( 
<( 

Mass . . . 

Md..'!! 
Mass... 
Ohio.... 
X.  Y.... 

Pa 

X.  Y.... 

Mass... 
(t 
<i 

Vt. .!!! 
Ill 

Del..  .. 
Ohio.... 
U.  I.... 

X.  Y.... 

(( 

(< 

Date. 

M'ashington.  . 

Thomas  Pinckney 

1792 
1796 
1796 
1803 
1806 
1811 
1815 
1817 
1817 
1825 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1831 
1831 
1832 
1836 
1841 
1845 
1846 
1849 
1849 

Fillmore 

Pierce 

Buchanan 

Lincoln  

Johnson 

Grant 

11      '' 

Hayes 

(t 

Garfield 

Arthur 

Cleveland.  ... 
B.  Harrison. . 
Cleveland.  . . . 
McKinley 

(c 
Roosevelt 

1852 

James  Buchanan 

1853 

a               (C 

George  M.  Dallas 

1856 

( .T ATTies  ^Monroe  *     .    ........ 

4fc                       it                      ti 

1856 

Jefferson 

i  "William  l*inknev 

Charles  Francis  Adams 

it              (i             «( 

Reverily  Johnson 

1861 

Madison 

Jonathan  ICussell,  ch.  d'aff... 

1861 
1868 

Monroe 

« 

J.  Adams  8niith,  ch.  d'atf 

John  Lothrop  Motley 

Robert  C.  .Sc  lenck 

1869 
1870 

J.  g.  Adams.. 

Hufus  King 

Albert  (lallatin         

Edwards  Pierrepout 

John  \VeIsh 

1876 
1877 

<< 

Jackson 

W.  B.  Lawrence,  ch.  d'aff 

James  Barbour 

Louis  Mcl.ane 

Washington  Irving,  ch.  d'aff. 

Wni.  .1.  Hoppin,  ch.  d'aff 

James  Russell  Lowell 

.(                         tL                        .. 
((                         ((                         l( 

Edward  .L  Phelps 

1879 
1880 
1880 
1886 
1885 

«( 

Aaron  Vail,  ch.  d'aff 

Andrew  Stevenson. . . ., 

Robert  T.  Linco  n     

1889 

11 

Thos.  F.  Bayard,  ambassailor. 

John  Hay,  amoassador 

Henry  White,  ch.  d'aff 

Joseph  H.  Choate,  ambassador 

Whitelaw  Rcid,  ainbassaHor.. 

1893 

Tvler 

Edward  Everett         .         . 

1897 

ro!k 

Md 

X.  Y.... 

Mass. . . 

1898 

«*              — 

George  Bancroft 

J.  C.  B.  Davis,  ch.  d'aff 

Abbott  Lawrence 

1899 

Taylor 

it 

1899 
1905 

BRITISH  MLXISTERS  AND  AMBASSADORS  TO  THE  UNFFED  STATES, 


Sovereigns. 


George  III. 


George  IV. 


William  IV. 
Victoria 


Representatives. 


George  Hammond 

I  Phineas  Bond,  ch.  d'aff 

Robert  Liston 

Edward  Thornton,  ch.  d'aff 

! Anthony  Merry 

JDavid  .M.  Erskine 

'Francis  James  .lackson 

I.Iohn  Philip  Morier.  ch.  d'aff 

[Augustus  .lohn  Foster 

lAnthony  St.  .lohu  Baker,  ch.  d'aff... 

'Charles  Hagot  

jGibbs  Crawford  Antrobus,  ch.  d'aff. 

Sir  Stratford  Canning 

Menry  L'nwin  Addington,  ch.  d'aff.. 

Charles  Richard  Vaughan '. 


Charles  Bankhead,  ch.  d'aff. 

Henry  Stephen  Fox 

Richard  Pakenham  


Date. 


1791 
1795 
1796 
1600 
1803 
1806 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1815 
1816 
1819 
1820 
1823 
1825 
1825 
1835 
1836 
1844 


Sovereigns. 


Victoria. 


Representatives. 


.lohn  F.  T.  Cramptou,  ch.  d'aff 

Sir  Henry  Lytton  Bulwer 

.John  F.  '[".  Crampton,  ch.  d'aff 

"         "  "  envoy  and  min. 

Philip  Griffith,  ch.  d'aff 

.lohn  Savile  l.umley,  ch.  d'aff 

Lord  Xapier 

Lord  Lyons 

.Joseph  Hume  Burnley,  ch.  d'aff 

Sir  Frederick  W.  A.  Bruce 

Francis  Clark  Ford,  ch.  d'aff 

.Sir  PJdward  Thornton 

Lionel  S.  Sackville  West 

Sir  Julian  Pauncefotet 

"        "  "  ambassador... 


Edward  VII... 


Hon.  Sir  Michael  H.  Herbert,  amb. . . 
Sir  Henry  Mortimer  Dnrand,  amb. . . 
James  Bryce,  ambassador 


Date. 

1847 
1849 

1851 
1852 
1853 
1855 
1«57 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1867 
1868 

li<•^l 

1889 
1K93 
1,-93 
1902 
1«0J 
1907 


•Monroe  was  appointed  alone  in  1803,  and  then  jointly  withPinkney  in  1806.    f  Later  Lord  Pauncefote. 


AUSTRIA  AND  AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

UXITED  STATES  MINISTERS  AND  AMBASSADORS  TO  AUSTRIA. 


Presipknts. 

Kepresentatives. 

States. 

Date. 

Presidents. 

Representatives. 

States. 

Date. 

Van  Buren  — 

Henrv  A.  Muhlenberg 

.1.  K.  Clav,  ch.  d'aff       

Pa 

Md!!!!! 

1838 
1840 
1841 
1845 
1849 
1850 
1852 
1853 
1858 
1861 
1861 
1867 
l>s67 
1868 
1869 
1875 

Grant 

Edward  F.  Beale 

D.  C.  .. 
Ia 

1876 
lb-7 

Tvler 

I>aniel  .Jenifer. .         

Gaftield 

.•Vrthur 

Cleveland  .... 
(i 

<( 

B.  Harrison... 

Cleveland 

McKinley  .. .. 

it 

Roosevelt 

(i 

(< 

William  Walter  Phelps 

A  Iphonso  Taf  t 

X.J.... 
Ohio... 
X.  Y  . . . 

Va 

Md 

Ga 

X.  Y.... 
S.  Dak.. 

1881 

Polk 

Wra.  H.  Stiles,  ch.  d'aff 

.1.  \Vatson  \Vebb,  ch.  d-aff 

(ia 

X.  Y... 

Ct 

X.  Y.... 

Cia 

Pa 

Mass. .. 

R.  I.!!! 
Ill 

Pa...... 

X.  Y... 
Ind  .... 

18»2 

Tavlor.^ 

•John  M.  Francis 

A.  M.  Kielv 

l»b4 

Vi  11  more 

C.  J.  .McCurdv,  ch.  d'aff 

T.  M.  Foot^,  ch.  d'aff 

\U  l{.  .lackson,  min.  res 

J.  (ilancv  .tones 

1885 

Tierce 

Hucbanan  . 

James  Fenner  Lee,  ch.  d'aff  . . 

.Alexander  R.  Lawton 

Frederick  D.  Grant 

lb85 
1887 
1S>9 

Anson  HiiTlin"'ame 

Bartlett  TricD 

1893 

(i 

Pa 

Ind.... 
Ill 

Ohio!!! 

X,Y^ 

1897 

(ieorge  W.  Lippitt,  ch.  d'aff.. 
John   llav,  ch.  d'aff         

Addison  C.  Harris 

1899 

it 

Robert  S.  McConiiick 

«                    it 

1901 

ti 

Henry  M'.  Watts 

1901 

Bellamy  Storer,  ambassador. 
Cliarles  S.  Francis,  amb 

1902 

(t 

GodloveS.  Orth 

1906 

AUSTRIAX  MtXISTERS  AND  AMBASSADORS  TO  THE  UXITED  STATES. 


Emperors. 


Ferdinand  I.. 
Franz  Joseph. 


Representatives. 

Baron  de  Mareschal 

Chevalier  Ilulsemann,  ch.  d'aff  . 

t(  ((  «( 

"  "  min.  res. 

Count  Xicholas  Giorgi,  min.  res. 

Count  Wydenbruck 

Baron  de  Frankenstein,  ch.  d'aff 

Baron  Coarles  de  Lederer 

Baron  von  Schwarz  Sen  born 


Date. 


1838 
1.V41 
1841 
1855 
1863 
1^65 
1867 
1S68 
1874 


Emperorss. 


Franz  .loseph, 


Representatives. 

Count  Ladislaus  Hoyos 

Chevalier  IC.  .S.  von  Tavera,  ch.  d'aff 

Baron  Ernest  von  Mayr 

Count  Lippe-Weissenfeld,  ch.  d'aff... 

Baron  Iguatz  vou  Schaefter 

Count  Lippe-Weissenfeld,  ch.  d'aff... 

Chevalier  E.  S.  von  Tavera 

L.  HengelmuUer  von  Hengervar 

"  "      amb, 


Date. 


1875 
1877 
18T9 
1881 
1882 
1885 
1887 
1895 
1902 


Diplomatic  Intercourse.— Contmned. 


2811 


FRANCE. 

UNITED  STATES  MIXISTER3  AND  AMBASSADORS  TO  FRANCE. 


Presidents. 


Confederation 
Washington 


John  Adams. 


Jefferson . . 
<( 

Madison... 

<c 
•c 
«c 

«4 

Monroe  . . . 

Jackson... 
<( 

i< 

t« 

c< 

Van  Buren 
Tyler 


Representatives. 

Thomas  .Tefferson 

William  Short,  ch   d'aff 

Goiiverneur  Morris 

.Fames  Monroe 

Charles  C.   Piuckney 

^Charles  C.  Piuckney 

<  John  Marshall 

(Elbridge   Gerry 

Oliver  Ellsworth 

William  Vans  Murray.... 

William  K.  Davie 

Robert  11.  Livingston 

John  Armstrong 

Jonathan  Kussell,  ch.  d'aff. 

Joel  Barlow 

William  H.Crawford 

Henry  .Jackson,  ch.  d'^ffi... 

Albert  (iallalin 

.lames  Brown 

William  C.  Rives 

Nathaniel  Xiles,  ch.  d'aff... 

Edward  Livingston 

Thomas  P.  Barton,  ch.  d'aff 
Lewis  Cass 

Lewis  Cass 


States. 


Va. 


N.  Y., 

Va... 

S.  C 
<t 

Va..V 
Mass. 
Ct.... 
Md... 
X.  C. 
X.  Y.. 


I.. 


R. 

Ct... 

Ga.  . 

Ky.. 

Pa... 

La... 

Va.. 

Vt... 

La... 

Pa... 

Ohio 


Ohio  , 


Date. 


1790 
1792 
1794 

1796 
1797 
1797 
1797 
1799 
1799 
1799 
ISOl 
1804 
1810 
1811 
1813 
1815 
1816 
1823 
1829 
1832 
1833 
1835 
1836 
1836 
1836 


Presidents. 

Representatives. 

States. 

Date. 

Tyler 

Polk.,!!!!!!!! 

it 

Taylor.".!!..!. 

I'illmore 

Pierce 

Henry  Ledyard,  ch.  d'aff 

William  R.  King 

•Mich..'. 
Ala.... 
X.  C... 

1842 
1844 
1846     , 
1S47 
1849 
1849 
1853 
1853 
1859  ■ 
1860 
1861 
1864    • 
1866 
1856  « 
1869    ■: 
1877  A 
1881    '•>. 
1881    ** 

J.  L.Martin,  ch.  d'aff 

Richard  Rush 

Pa 

Va 

Ct..!!!! 

Va 

s.c... 

Va 

X.J.... 
N.  Y... 

HI 

X.  Y... 

Ill 

Ohio.... 
N.  Y... 

<• 

Md..!!! 

X.  Y... 

Mass.. . 

La 

X.  Y... 
<t 

111...!!! 

R.  I.... 

William  C.  Rives 

it                  i( 

Henry  S.  Sanford,  ch.  d'aff... 
.John  V.  Mason. 

Buchanan  .... 
Lincoln 

W.  li.  Calhoun,  ch.  d'aff 

Charles  .J.  I''aulkner 

William  L.  Dayton 

.John  Bigelow 

Johnson  

Grant 

Hayes 

Ciarfield 

Arthur 

Cleveland  .... 
B.  Harrison... 

Cleveland  .... 

•McKinley. ... 

Roosi^vclt .... 
<« 

John  Hay,  ch.  d'aff 

John  A.  Dix 

Elihu  B.  Washburne 

Edward  F.  Xoyes 

Levi  P.  Morton 

((                tt 

Robert  M.  McLane 

Whitelaw  Reid 

T.  .Jefferson  Coolidge 

1885    '^ 
1889    ■ 
1892 

James  B.  Eustis,  ambassador. 
Horace  Porter,  ambassador.. . 

tt                 a                      n 

... 

Roljert  S.  McCormick,  amb... 
Henry  White,  amlas&ador.. . 

1893     - 

1897 

1807 

1805 

1907 

FRENCH  MINISTERS  AND  AMBASSADORS  TCJ  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Government. 


Louis  XVI.. 


Convention. 
Directory... 


Consulate..., 
ft 

Napoleon  I. . 
tt 

Louis  XVIIl! 

<( 
(I 

Charles  X..! 

tt 
ft 

L.'Philippe. . 


L.  Napoleon.. 


RL-presentatives. 

Count  de  Moustier 

M.  Otto,  ch.  d'aff 

Colonel  Ternant o 

Edmond  C.  Genet 

Joseph  Fauchet 

Pierre  Auguste  Adet. 

ft  tt  ft 

L.  A.  Pichon,  ch.  d'aff!!!!!!!!!!!!! 
General  Turreau 

M.  Serurier 

ft 

G.  Hyde  de  Xeuville 

Count  de  ilenou,  ch.  d'aff 

Baron  de  JIareuil 

Count  de  Menou,  ch.  d'aff 

Roux  de  Rochelle 

M.  .Serurier. 

Alphonse  Pageot,  ch.  d'aff 

Edouard  I'ontois 

Alphonse  Pageot,  ch.  d'aff 

L.  Adolph  Aime  Fourier  de  Bacourt 

Alphonse  Joseph  Yver  Pageot 

Guillaume  Tell  I..avallee  Poussin... 
E.  A.  Olivier  Sain  de  Boislecomte. . , 


Date. 


17S8 
1789 
1791 
1793 
1794 
1795 
1795 
1801 
1805 
1811 
1811 
1816 
1822 
1824 
1827 
1830 
1831 
1835 
1837 
1839 
1840 
1842 
1848 
1850 


GOVEENMENT. 


Napoleon  III.. 


Nat.  Defence.. 

Pres.  Thiers., 
tt 

Pr.MacMahon 


Pres.  Grevy. . 

Pres.  Carnot.. 
ft 

Pres.  Faure.. 

tc 

Pres.  Loubet.. 


Representatives. 

Count  de  Sartiges 

Viscount  Jules  Treilhard,  ch.  d'aff 

Henri  Mercier 

Viscount  Jules  I'reilhard,  ch,  d'aff 

Louis  de  (ieofroy,  ch.  d'aff 

Marquis  de  Montholon 

.Jules  Berthemy   

Count  de  Faverney,  ch.  d'aff 

Prevost  Paradol 

.Jules  Be^hemy 

Viscount  .Jules  Treilhard 

Henry  de  Bellonnet,  ch.  d'aff 

Marquis  de  Xoailles 

A.  Bartholdi 

F.  de  Vaiigelas,  ch.  d'aff 

Mamirae  Outrey 

Theodore  J.  D.  Roustan 

J.  Patenotre 

tt 

"  ambassador 

<4  ft 

.Tules  C'ambon,  ambassador , 

tt  tt 

Jean  J .  Jusserand .  ambassador. ... 


Date. 


1851 
1869 
1860 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1869 
1870 
1870 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1874 
1876 
1877 
1882 
1891 
1891 
1893 
1893 
1898 
1898 
1902 


GERMANY. 

UNITED  STATES  MINISTERS  AND  AMBASSADORS  TO  THE  GERMAN  EMPIRE. 


Presidents. 


Grant . 


Hayes . 


Garfield , 
Arthur.. 


Representatives. 


George  Bancroft 

Nicholas  Fish,  ch.  d'aff 

^.  C.  Bancroft  Davis 

H.  Sidney  Everett,  ch.  d'aff. 

Bayard  Taylor 

H.  Sidney  Everett,  ch,  d'aff. 

Andrew  1).  White 

H.  .Sidney  Everett,  ch.  d'aff.. 


States. 


N.  Y. 


Mass.  ., 

Pa 

Mass.  . . 
X.  Y... 

Mass. . , 


A.  A.  Sargent ...!Cal. 


Date. 


1871 

1874 
1874 
1877 
1878 
1878 
1879 
1881 
1882 


Presidents. 


Arthur 

Cleveland  .. . 

B.  Harrison , 

Cleveland  ... 
tt 

McKinley  ... 
Roosevelt  ... 


Representatives. 


.John  A.  Kasson 

George  H.  Pendleton 

William  Walter  Phelps 

Theodore  Runyon,  amb 

Edwin  F.  Uhl,  ambassador. 

Andrew  D.  White,  amb 

tt  tt 

Charlemagne  Tower,  amb.. . . 
David  J.  Hill,  amb 


States. 


la..., 
Ohio. 
N.J.. 

tt 

Mich! 
N.  Y. 


Pa„. 
N,  Y, 


Date. 


1884 
1885 
1889 
1893 
1896 
1897 
189T 
1902 
1907 


GERMAN  MINISTERS  AND  AMBASSADORS  TO  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Emperors. 

RepresenlatWes. 

Date. 

Emperors. 

Representatives. 

Dste. 

William  I 

Baron  Alvpimlehen    ch    d'aff 

1871 
1871 
1882 
1883 
1884 

William  II.... 

A,  voQ  Mumm,  ch.  d'aff..  .••.,•••••••■ 

1891 

•  t 

Kurd  von  Schlozer 

Count  von  Beust,  ch.  d'aff 

Theodore  von  Holleben 

1899 

«4 

Baron  von  Saurma-.Jeltsch,  amb 

Baron  Max  von  Thielmann,  amb 

Herr  von  Holleben,  ambassador 

Baron  Spect  von  St»rn  burg,  amb 

1893 

W 

Karl  von  Eisendecher 

1896 

« 

H,  von  Alvensleoen 

189M 

"VVilUamn,... 

Count  Arco  Valley 

1904 

282 


Diplomatic   Jnteo^COUrse— Continued. 


ITALY. 

UNITED  STATES  MIXISTEK8  AXD  AMBASSADORS  TO  ITALY. 


Presidents. 

Representatives. 

Lincoln  

George  P.  Marsh 

Johnson 

Grant 

t(              ii 

Haves 

It             i( 

Garfield 

ti              tt 

Arthur 

it              it 

Cleveland.  . . . 

William  Waldorf  Astor 

John  B.  Stallo 

B.  Harrison.. 

Albert  G.  Porter 

Slates. 

Date. 

Vt 

1861 

44 

1861 

44 

1861 

44 

1S61 

44 

1861 

44 

1861 

X.  Y.  . . 

1882 

Ohio.  .. 

1885 

Ind  .... 

1889 

Pkesidknts. 


15.  Harrison. 
Cleveland.  . . 


McKinley... 

tt 

Roosevelt . . . 


Representatives. 


William  Potter 

J.  .J.  Van  Alen,  ambassador* 

Wayne  MacVeagh,  amb 

William  F.  Draper,  amb 

George  Von  L.  Meyer,  smb.... 


Henry  White,  ambassador. 
Lloyd  C.  Griscom,  anib 


States. 


Pa.... 
R.  1.. 
Pa.... 

Mass. 


R.  I. 
Pa... 


•  Mr.  Van  Alen  was  confirmed  by  the  Senate  but  declined,  and  Mr.  MacVeagh  was  appointed. 

ITALIAN  MINISTERS  AND  AMBASSADORS  TO  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Kings. 

Representatives.             " 

Date. 

Kings. 

Represent.itives. 

Date. 

V.  Emmanael. 

Chevalinr  .Toseph  Bertinatti 

1861 
1866 
1867 
1869 
1870 
1874 
1875 

Humbert 

it 

..... 
ti 

if 

it 

V.  Em-nan.  11. 
tt 

Prince  Camporeale,  ch.  d'aff 

1880 

Romeo  Cantagalli,  ch.  d'aff 

1881 

.Marquis  Imperial!,  ch.  d'aff 

1891 

Count  Luigi  Colobiano,  ch.  d'afE 

Baron  de  I'ava 

1^92 

tt      it      it    ambassador 

1893 

Count  Litta,  ch.  d'aff 

tt      <f      if              tt 

1893 

Baron  Alberto  Blanc 

E.  Mayor  des  Planches,  ambassador... 

1901 

SPAIN. 

UNITED  STATES  MINISTERS  TO  SPAIN. 


Prksidsnts. 

Ministers. 

States. 

Date. 

Presibents. 

Ministers. 

States. 

Date. 

Washington.. 

44 
(t 

W.  Carmiehael,  ch.  d'aff 

William  Short,  min.  res 

Thomas  Pinckney 

Md..... 

Va 

S.  C... 

Ct 

S.C... 
Mass... 

Mass... 

Ga 

Va 

Mass... 

Vt 

S.C... 
Tenn . . . 
N.  Y... 

X.  c!!! 

ti 

La...!!! 

la 

Ky 

Wis.... 
ill.  .... 

1790 
1794 
1794 
1796 
1801 
1805 

1814 
1819 
1823 
1825 
1829 
1836 
1837 
1840 
1842 
1846 
1849 
1853 
1855 
1858 
1861 
1862 

Lincoln 

ti 

Grant 

ft 

(* 

Hayes 

tt 

Garfield!!!!!! 

Arthur 

tt 

Cleveland 

tt 

B.  Harrison., 
it 

it 

Cleveland  .... 
McKinley.... 

Roosevelt .... 

« 

H.J.  Perrv,  ch.  d'aff 

John  P.  Hale 

Daniel  E.  feickles 

N.  H... 

it 

N.  y!!! 

1864 
1865 
1869 

<C 

Alvey  A.  .■\dee,  ch.  d'aff 

Caleb  Cushing.. 

it 

Mass!!! 

1873 

Jefferson. 

Charles  Pinckney 

G.W.  Erving,   ch.  d'aff 

Official   relatious  with  Spain 

were  broken  off  from  lo08 

to  1814. 

G.  W.  Erving 4 

John  Forsy 1 1 

1874 

«( 

James  Russell  Lowell 

Lucius  Fairchild 

tt 

Wis.!!! 

14 

Me.!!!! 
Ind  .... 

Va 

X.  Y... 

1877 
1880 

1880 

1881 

.)  ohn  W.  Foster 

1883 

Monroe 

.labez  L.M.Curry 

1885 

44 

1889 

J.  Q.  Adams., 
alack  son 

Alexander  H.  Everett 

Cornelius  P.  Van  Xess 

A.  Middleton,  Jr.,  ch.  d'aff... 
John  H.  Eaton           

Thomas  W.  Palmer 

E.  Burd  Grubb   

Mich... 
N.  J.... 

Pa 

Ala 

N,  Y... 

Ohio.  .. 

N.h!!! 

X.  Y... 

1889 
1890 

44 

1892 

Van  Buren 

Hannis  Taylor 

1893 

44 

Tyler !!! 

Polk 

Aaron  Vail,  ch.  d'aff 

Stewart  L.Woodford   

Official    relatious  with   Spain 

were  broken  off,  April,  1898, 

to  April,  1899. 
Bellamy  Storer, 

1897 

Romulus  M.  Saunders 

Daniel  JI.  Barringer 

Taylor 

Pierce 

Pierre  Soule 

1899 

it 

Aiieustus  C.  Dodge 

William  Preston 

it            tt 

1899 

Buchanan ., . . 

Arthur  S.Hardy 

1V02 

Carl  Schurz 

William  M.  Collier 

1906 

it 

Gustavus  Koerner 

SPANISH  MINISTERS  TO  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Sovereigns. 

Ministers. 

Date. 

Sovereigns. 

Ministers. 

Date. 

Carlos  IV' 

Diego  de  Gardoqui,  ch.  d'aff        

1785 
1789 

1791 

1796 
1807 

1809 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1823 
1827 
1827 
1835 
1«39 
1844 
1844 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1857 

Isabella  II.... 
Pro  vis.  Gov.. 

Amadeo  I 

Pr.  Figueras.. 

"    Castfilar.. 

"   Serrano  . . 

AlphonsoXlI. 
it 

it 

iC 

« 

Alph.  XIII... 
it 
<i 
<i 
it 
<i 
« 

it 
it 

"      ! ! ! ! 

Facundo  Goni   

1867 

Jose  Ignacio  de  Viar,  ch.  d'aff 

Mauricio  Lopez  Roberts 

Admiral  Don  Jose  Polo  de  Bernabe... . 
it           it      it        tt               it 

it           it      ii        ii               it 

Antonio  Mantilla         

1869 

ti 

Jose  Ignacio  de  Viar,  (      joint      1 
Jose  de  Jaudenes,          (  ch.  d'aff. )  "**' 
Carlos  M.  de  Irujo 

1872 
1872 
1872 

Valentin  de  Foronda,  ch.  d'aff 

Official     relations    with     Spain    were 

broken  off  from  1808  to  1814. 
Lnis  de  Onis   . .                    .        ... 

1874 

Jose   BrunettI,  ch.  d'aff 

18<8 

Fernan.  VII  . 

Felipe  Mendez  de  Vigo  y  O'sorio 

Francisco  Barca  del  Corral 

1879 
1881 

it 

Mateo  de  la  Serna,  ch.  d'aff 

Enrique  Dupuy  de  Lome,  ch.  d'aff..   .. 
Juan  Valera  y  Alcala  G&liano 

1883 

" 

Francisco  Dionisio  Vives 

1884 

«c 

Joaquin  de  Aoduaga     .      .    .         

Kmilio  de  Muruaga 

1886 

«{ 

F.  H.  Ri v.as  y  Salmon,  ch.  d'aff 

Francisco  Tacon     

iVIiguel  Suarez  Guanes  

1890 

it 

.lose  Felipe  Segario,  ch.  d'aff 

1891 

M.  Christina.. 

it              it 

Enrique  Dupuy  de  Lome 

1892 

Isabella  11.... 

Angel  Calderon  de  la  Barca     .       ... 

Emilio  de  Muruaga 

1893 

it 

1896 

it 

Fidencio  Bourman,  ch.  d'aff.         

Louis  Polo  y  Bernabe  

1898 

ii 

M 
ii 

Angel  (Calderon  de  la  Barca,  min.  res.. 
Jose  Maria  Magallon,  ch.  d'aff 

Diplomatic  intercourse  broken  off  by 

the  war. 
Jose  Brunetti,  Duke  of  Arcos 

18M 

<1 

Alfonso  Escai.snte 

Emilio  de  Ojeda     

190? 

«ft 

Gabriel  Garcia  y  Tassara 

Bernardo  J.  de  Cologan 

190« 

...      ...       .*'** 

Mayors  of  the  City  of  N'eto   Torh. 


283 


<S?obcrnorj3  of  NetD  ¥orlfe» 

COLONIAL. 


GOVEKNOES. 

Terms. 

Governors. 

Terms. 

GOVKKNORS. 

Terms. 

Adrian  Joris 

Cornelius  Jacobzen  Mev. 

1623-1624 
1624-1625 
162.5-1626 
1626-1633 
1633-1638 
1638-1647 
1647-1664 
1664-1668 
1668-1673 
1673-1674 
1674-1677 

1677-1678 
1678-1681 

1681-1683 
1683-1688 

1688 
168S-1689 
1689-1691 
691 

(6^1-1692 
1692-1698 

1H98-1699 

John  Naufan,  Lt.-Gov. . . 
.  Earl  of  Bellomont 

1699-1700 
1700-1701 

James  Ue  Lancey,   Lt.- 
(jOV 

1755 

William  Verhulst 

'Pfltpr  Arinuit 

Col.  William  Smith i 

Col.AbrahamDePeyster  '-  1701 
Col.  Peter  Schuvler ) 

Sir  Charles  Hardy 

James  JJe  Lancey,  Lt.- 
Gov 

1755-1757 

Wouter  Van  Twiller. ... 

1757-1760 

William  Kieft 

John  Nanfan,  jLt.-Gov..  1701-1702 

Cadwallader    Col  den, 
1    PresidenL 

Petrus  .Stay vesant 

"Riphard  Xifolls     

Lord  Cornbury 

17  02-1708 
1708-1709 

1760-1761 

Lord  Lovelace 

Cadwallader    Col  den. 

Francis  Lovelace 

i  Peter  Schuyler,  Pres — 
Richard    Ingoldsby,  Lt.- 
Gov 

Peter  Schuyler,  Pres.... 
Richard   Ingoldsby,  Lt.- 

1709 

1709 
1709  ^ 

1709 

1710 
1710-1719 
1719-1720 
1720-172); 
1728-1731 
1731-1731 
1732-173t: 
1736-174:: 
1743-175; 
17.5:]-175s 

Ll.-Gov 

1761 

A nthonv  Colve 

Robert  ^lonckton 

Cadwallader    Col  den, 

Lt.-Gov 

Robert  Monckton 

Cadwallader    Cold  en, 

Lt  -Gov 

1*61 

Edmoiid  Audros 

Anthony  Brockholles. 
f'nm. -in-Chief      ....... 

1761-1762 
1762-1763 

Sir  Kdmond  \ndros 

A  nthonv  Brockholles. 

Gerardns      Beekman, 
Presiden  t 

1763-1765 

Com.- in- Chief 

Sir  Henry  Moore 

Cadwallader    Co  Id  en, 
Lt.-GOR 

1765-1769 

Thomas  Dongan 

Sir  Edmond  Andros 

Robert  Hunter 

Peter  Schuyler,  Pres 

William  Burnet 

1769-1770 

Francis  Nicholson 

Karl  of  Dunniore 

William  Tryon 

Cadwallader    Co  Id  en. 
Lt.-Gov 

1770-1771 

Jacob  Leisler. 

Henry  Sloughter 

Richard    I  n  g  o  1  d  s  b  y  , 
Com. -in-Chief 

John  Montgomerie 

Rip  Van  Dam,  Presideni 
William  Cosby 

1771-1774 
1774-1775 

George  Clark,  Lt.-Gov. 
George  Clinton 

William  Tryon 

1775-1780 

Benjamin  Fletcher 

Earl  of  Bellomont 

.Tames  Robertson 

Andrew  Elliott,  L.-Gov. 

1780-1783 

ISir  Danvers  Osborne 

1783 

STATE. 


1  George  Clinton i1777-179d[|14 

2  John  Jay 1795-18011  15| 

3  George  Clinton Il801-1804  |16, 

4|3rorgan  Lewis 1804-1807  17, 

5  Daniel  D.Tompkins..  1807-18171  ilSi 
eJohnTaj'lor 1817     |!l9i 

7  De  Witt  Clinton 1817-1S22  i20l 

8  Joseph  C.Yates 1822-1824  i2ll 

9  De  Witt  Clinton 1824-1826,1221 

10  Nathaniel  Pitcher....       1828     1123 

11  Martin  Van  Buren....  1828-18291 124 

12  P:nos  T.  Throop jl829-1832'|25 

13;  William  L.  3Iarcv 11833-18391126 


William  H.  Seward. .  .il839- 

William  C  Bouck |1843- 

Sihis  Wright 184.5- 

John  Young 11847 

Hamilton  Fish 1849- 

1851- 
1853- 
1855- 
1857- 
1859- 
186:3- 
1865- 
,869- 


Washington  Hunt. 
Horatio  Seymour. . 
-ACyron  H.Clark.... 

John  A.  King .. 

Edwin  D.  ^Morgan. . 
Horatio  Seymour.. 
Reuben  E.  Fenton. 
JohnT.  Hoffman 


^ 


1842  i27:John  A.Dix 

1844  [28  Samuel  J.  Tilden 

1846  29  Lucius  Robinson 

1848  ,30  Alonzo  B.Cornell 

1851  31  Grover  Cleveland 

18.52  32  David  B.  Hill 

1854  ,33  Roswell  P.  Flower.... 

18.56  34' Levi  P.  Morton 

1858  l3o  Frank  S.  Black 

1862  36, Theodore  Roosevelt.. 
1864  37  Benjamin  B.Odell,  Jr. 
1868  38' Francis  W.  Higgins... 
1872  39  Cliarles  E.  Hughes. . . . 


il873 

11875' 
187V 
1880 
1883 
1885 
1892 
1895 
1897- 
1899 
1901 
19ii5 
1907 


■1874 
■1876 
■1880 
1882 
■1881 
•1891 
•1894 
•1896 
-1898 
■1900 
■1904 
■1906 
■1908 


S^aj^ors  of  X\)z  (Kitg  of  ]>(rcla.¥ortt. 

Before  the  Revolution  the  Mayor  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  the  Province;  and  from 
1784  to  1820  by  the  Apponiting  Board  of  the  State  of  New  Y'ork,  of  which  the  Governor  was  the  chief 
member.  From  1820  to  the  amendment  of  the  Charter,  in  1880,  the  ;^[ayo^  was  appointed  by  the 
Common  Council.     In  1898  the  term  of  the  first  Mayorof  Greater  New  Y'ork  (Van  Wyck)  began. 


Mayors. 


1  Thomas  Willett 

2  Thomas  Delavall ...., 

3  Thomas  Willett 

4  Cornells  Steenwyck .. 

5  Thomas  Delavall ..-. 

6  Matthias  NicoUs 

7  John  Lawrence 

8  William  Dervall 

9  Nicholas  de  Meyer  . . 

10  S.  van  Cortlandt 

UlThomas  Delavall 

12  Francis  Rombouts. . . 

131  William  Dyre 

14JCornelis  Steenwyck. . 

15  Gabriel  Minville 

l6|Nicholas  Bayard. 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 


S.  van  Cortlandt 

Peter  Delanoy 

John  Lawrence 

.-Abraham  De  Peyster. 

jWilliam  ]Nrerritt 

22  Johannes  De  Peyster. 

23iDavid  Provost 

24;Isaacde  Riemer 

25jThomas  Noell 

iiolPhilip  French 

27lWilliam  Peartree 

28  Kbenezer  Wilson 

29  J licobus  van  Cortlandt 

30  Caleb  Heathcote 

31  John  Johnson 

32i  Jacobus  van  Cortlandt 


Terms. 


1665 
1666 
1667 
1668-1670 
1671 
1672 
1673 
1675 
1676 
1677 
1678 
1679 
1680-1681 
1682- 1683^ 

1684  i 

1685  I 
1686-1687 
1689-1690 

1691  I 
1692-1695 
1695-1698 
1698-1699 
1699-1700 
1700-1701 
1701-1702 
1702-1703 
1703-1707 
1707-1710 
1710-1711 
1711-1714 
1714-1719 
11719-1720 


Mayors. 


Terms. 


Mayors. 


Terms. 


33  Robert  Walters 1720-1725;  64j.7ames  Harper 

341  Johannes  Jansen 11725- 1726  !65|Wm.  F.  Havemeyer. 


:35  Robert  Lurting il726 

36  Paul  Richard 1735 


•1735' 66  Andrew  H.  Mickle. 


739 

744 

1747 

1757 
1766 


70 
71 

;|!72 

.1  r 


37|John  Cruger,  Sr... 

38iStephen  Bavard 

39| Edward  Holland.. 

4o!john  Cruger,  Jr 

41|Whitehead  Hicks.. 
42  David  Matthews,Tory. 

43I.Iames  Duane 

44iRichard  Varick 

45;Edward  Livingston 

461De  Witt  Clinton.-f 

47tMarinu3  Willett 

48!  De  Witt  Clinton 

49  Jacob  Radclifl" 1810-18111 80  Wm.  F.  Havemever. , 


William  V.  Brady 
Wm.  F.  Havemeyer. . . 

Calebs.  Woodhull 

Ambrose  C.  Kingsland 
Jacob  A.Westervelt. . . 

iernando  Wood 

Daniel  F.  Tiemann 

Fernando  Wood 

George  Opdy ke 

C.  Godfrey  Gunther 

JohnT.  Hoffman 


1739  67 

1744168 

174769 

1757 

1766 

1776 
1776-17841,73 
1784-1789li74 
1789-180l[|75 
1801-1803  i76 
180:3-1807  [77! 

1807-1808!  78!T.  Coman(act'  g  Mayor; 
1808-1810  79| A.  Oakev  Hall 


s.  B.  H.  Vance( Acting 
William  H.  Wickham. 


50|De  WittChnton 1811-1815  81 

SlJohn  Ferguson I      1815    182 

152  Jacob  Radclitf |l815-1818  83 .Smith  Ely 

;53 Cadwallader  D.CoIden.  1818-1821  84:Edward  Cooper.. 

54lStephen  Allen 11821-1824  85: Will iam  R.  Grace 

!55  William  Paulding 1825-1826,  86iFranklin  Edson.. 


156  Philip  Hone 1826-1827  87iWilliam  R.Grace. 

|57lWilliam  Paulding 1827-1829  88  Abram  S.Hewitt. 


58\Valter  Bowne 
j59|Gideon  Lee 
'60,Cornelius  W  Lawrence 

l61|  .A.aron  Clark 

|62i Isaac  L.  Varian . . . 
i63,Robert  H.  Morris 
ll    1  i 


1829-1833  89  Hugh  J.  Grant 

1833-18:M  90Thomas  F.Gilroy 

1834-1837  ,91iWilliam  L.  Strong 

1837-1839  92  Robert  A.  Van  Wyck., 

1839-1841  93  Seth  Low 

1841-1844  94  George  B.  McClellan. . 


1844-1845 
1845-1846 
1846-1847 
'1847-1848 
1848-1849 
1849-1851 
1851-1853 
1853-1855 
11855-1858 
1858-1860 
1860-1862 
1862-1864 
1864-1866 
1866-1868 

1868 
1869-18 
1873-18 

1874 
1875-1876 
1877-1878 
1879-1880 
1881-1882 
1883-1884 
1885-1886 
1887-1888 
1889-1892 
1893  1894 
1895-1897 
1898-1901 
1902-1903 
1904-1909 


LS05 

58        \  . 

1872    V 
1874-^ 


284  Insular  I^ossesslons  of  the   United  States. 

■  ■—■   ,  —  .1  i^w  ■■  ■       .1  .    ■  ■  -.  ,  , —    ■^■■-■,,  — ■    ■  -11  i*i.     ■     «i^ 

Xusttlar  posscsstonri  of  ti)t  sauitctr  estates. 

THE    PHILIPPINES. 

The  Philippine  group,  lying  off  the  southern  coast  of  Asia,  between  longitude  120  and  130  and 
latitude  5  and  20  approxunntely.  number  about  2,000  islands,  great  and  small,  in  a  land  and  sea  area 
of  1,200  miles  of  latitude  and  2,400  miles  of  longitude.  The  actual  land  area  is  about  140,000  miles. 
The  six  New  England  States,  New  York,  and  New  .lersej'  have  about  an  equivalent  area.  The  Island 
of  Luzon,  on  which  the  capital  city  (Manila)  is  situated,  is  the  largest  n\ember  of  the  grouj),  being 
about  the  size  of  the  State  of  New  Vork.  Mindanao  is  nearly  as  large,  but  its  popuhition  is  ver\'  nmch 
smaller.  The  latest  estimates  of  areas  of  the  largest  islands  are:  Luzon,  44,400;  Mindanao,  34,- 
000;  Sainar,  4.800;  Panay,  4.700;  Mindoro,  4,000;  Leyie,  3,800;  Negros.  3,300;  Cebu,  2,400. 

A  census  of  tlie  Philippines  was  taken  by  the  United  Slates  t'Overnment  in  1903  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Census  Ullice.  The  population  returned  was  7.635,426.  Of  this  number  almost 
seven  million  are  more  or  less  civilized.  The  wild  tribes  form  aboui  9  per  cent,  of  the  entire  popu- 
lation. Racially  the  inhabitants  are  principally  Malays.  The  civilized  tribes  are  iJractically  all 
adherents  of  the  Catholic  Church,  the  religion  being  tiiat  introduced  into  tlie  country  bj'  the  Spaniards 
when  they  took  possession  of  the  islands  in  1565.  The  Church  has  since  then  been  a  strong  rnlnig 
power  and  the  priesthood  numerous.  The  Moros  are  Moliammedans  and  the  other  wild  peoples  have 
no  recognized  religious  beliefs.    'I'he  total  number  of  non-Christian  peoples  is  647.740. 

The  density  of  population  in  the  Philippines  is  67  per  square  mile.  In  Continental  United  Statp,s  it 
is  26  per  square  mile.  Foreigners  number  about  50,0l>0,  of  whom  nearly  three- fourths  are  Chinese. 
Exclusive  of  the  Army  there  are  8,135  Americans  in  the  islamls,  nearly  one-liall  being  located  in  the 
mnnicipiilities.  There  are  thirty  dill'erent  races  in  the  islands,  all  speaking  distinct  dialects,  thel;irg- 
est  tribe  being  the  Visayans,  who  form  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  entire  civilized  population.  The 
Tagalogs,  occupjMng  the  provinces  in  the  vicinity  of  ]\tanila,  rank  second  in  nnnibers,  and  the  Ilo- 
canos  the  third.  Educjition  has  been  practically  reorganized  by  the  Americans.  The  number  of  per- 
sons attending  school  is  811,715.  Six  thousand  teachers  are  employed,  four-fifths  of  whom  are 
Filipinos.  English  is  very  generallji  taught,  and  the  next  generation  of  Filipinos  will  probably  speak 
that  tongue.  Pauperism  is  almost  unknown  in  tho  islands.  In  1902  there  were  only  1,668  paupers 
maintained  at  pnl)lic  charge.  The  average  normal  death  rate  in  the  Philippiuf^s  is  32  per  thousand. 
The  birth  rate  is  4s  per  thousand.  There  were  in  1902  41  newspapers  published,  12  being  in  English, 
24  in  Sjianish.  4  in  native  dialects,  and  1  in  Chinese.  The  estirnated  real  estate  property  value  is 
469,527.058  pesos,  and  the  personal  property  152,718,661  pesos.  The  reported  value  of  chnreh 
buildings,  mostly  Catholic,  is  41.698, 710  pesos".  While  there  are  four  towns  with  more  than  10,000 
population  :Manila  is  the  only  incorporated  citJ^    Its  inhabitants  nui-nbered  219,928  in  1902, 

The  climate  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  tronics.  The  islands  e.vteud  from.50  to  21°  north  lati- 
tude, and  Manila  is  in  14o  s,"!/.  The  thermometer  during  July  and  August  rarely  goes  below  79^  or 
above  85°.    The  e.vtreme  ranges  in  a  year  are  said  to  be  61°  and  97°,  and  the  annual  mean  81°. 

AGRICULTURE. 

Although  agriculture  is  the  chief  occupation  of  the  Filipinos,  yet  only  one-ninth  of  the  sur- 
face is  under  cultivation.  The  soil  is  ver J' fertile,  and  even  after  deducting  the  mountainous  areas  it 
is  probable  that  the  area  of  cultivation  can  be  very  largely  extended  and  that  the  islands  can  support 
population  equal  to  that  of  .fapan  (42,000,000). 

The  chief  products  are  hemp,  rice,  corn,  sugar,  tobacco,  cocoanuts,and  cacao,  hemp  being  the  most 
important  commercial  product  and  constituting  t<\o-tlurils  of  the  \'alue  of  all  exports.  Coffee  and 
cotton  were  formerly  produced  in  large  quantiiies— the  former  for  export  and  the  latter  for  home  con- 
sumption; but  the  coffee  plant  has  been  almost  exterminated  by  insects  and  the  home-made  cotton 
cloths  have  been  driven  out  by  the  competition  of  those  imported  from  England.  The  rice  and  corn  are 
principally  produced  in  Luzon  and  Mindoro  and  are  consumed  in  the  islands.  The  cacao  is  raised  in 
the  southern  islands,  the  best  quality  of  it  at  Mindanao.  The  sugar  cane  is  raised  in  the  Visayas. 
The  hemp  is  produced  in  Southern  Luzon,  Mindoro,  the  Visayas,  and  Mindanao.  It  is  nearly  all  ex- 
ported in  bales.      Tobacco  is  rai.sed  in  all  the  islands. 

I^tPORTS  AND   EXPORTS, 

In  the  year  emling  December  31,  190/,  tlie  exports  of  merchandise  from  the  ITnited  States  to 
the  Philippines  were  $8,657,956,  and  the  total  imports  from  the  Philippines  for  the  same  period 
were  $11, 510, 438. 

The  imports  of  merchandise  from  foreign  countries,  year  ending  December  31,  1906,  were  $25.- 
114,852,  and  the  exports  were  816,681,097.  The  principal  foreign  countries  trading  with  the  Philip- 
pines are  Great  Britain,  French  East  Indies,  China,  and  Spain. 

CIVIL  GOVERNMENT  FOR  THE  PHILIPPINES. 
On  July  1,  19(K2.  Congress  pa.ssed  (chapter  1369)  "An  act  temporarily  to  provide  for  the 
administration  of  the  affairs  of  civil  government  in  the  Philippine  Islands  and  for  other  purposes." 
Under  this  act  complete  civil  government  was  established  in  the  Archipelago  and  the  office  of  Mili- 
tarv  Governor  with  militarv  rule  was  terminated.  William  H.  Taft  was  appointed  Governor  by  the 
President.  Governor  Taft  "was  succeeded  bv  Luke  E.  Wright  in  December.  19(K5,  by  Henry  Clay 
Ide  in  1905,  and  James  F.  Smith,  the  present  Governor,  in  1906.  The  government  was  composed  of 
a  civil  governor  and  seven  commissioners,  of  whom  four  were  Americans  and  three  Filipinos.  There 
were  four  executive  departments— Interior  Finance,  and  Justice,  Commerce  and  Police,  and  Public 
Instructioff.  There  are  thirtv-nine  provinces,  each  with  a  governor,  a  supreme  court  with  seven 
judges,  and  fourteen  judicial  "districts.  In  March.  1907.  the  President,  in  accordance  with  the  act 
of  Congress,  directed  the  Commission  to  call  a  general  election  of  delegates  toa  Pliilipnine  A.s.sembly. 
The  new  As-sembly  was  cliosen  July  20,  and  was  opened  October  10  by  Secretary  of  War  Taft.  It  is 
politically  divided  as  follows:  Nacionalists,  31;  Progresistas,16;  Independents,  19;  Immediatistas. 
7;  Independista.s,  4;  Nacional  Indeoendiente,  1;  Catolico.  1.  The  total  vote  recorded  at  thefJlection 
for  delegates  was  9  .',803,  which  is  only  1. 4  per  cent  of  the  population. 

PORTO    RICO. 

The  island  of  Porto  Rico,  over  which  the  flag  of  the  United  States  was  raised  in  token  of  formal 
possession  on  October  18, 1898,  is  the  most  eastern  of  the  Greater  Antilles  in  the  ^Vest  Indies  and  is 

■     -      —  ■         ..  .  »    .     ^  ..- !.--   -..J  frona 

to 


Fla. ,  1,050  miles;  Havana,  1,000  miles. 

The  island  is  a  parallelogram  in  general  outline,  108  miles  from  the  ea-st  to  the  west,  and  from  o7 
to  43  miles  across,  the  area  being  about  3.600  square  miles,  or  somewhat  less  than  half  that  of  the 
gtftt«  of  ^'e^v  Jersey  (Delaware  has  2,050  square  miles  and  Connecticut  4,990  square  miles).    Th« 


Insular  l^ossessions  of  the   United  Stated.  285 

INSULAR  POStiEiSSlUNS  OF  THE  UX ITEi)  8T ATEri— C'wiii» ued. 

population  according  to  au  enumeration  made  by  the  United  tttates  (.xovernment  in  1900  showed  a 
population  of  ^53,243,  of  whom  589,4"26  are  white  and  363.817  are  colored.  The  density  was  26.4  to 
the  square  mile;  83.2  per  cent,  of  the  population  cannot  read. 

Poi  to  Kico  IS  unusually  fertile,  and  ii.s  dominant  industries  are  agriculture  and  lumbering.  Di 
elevated  regions  the  vegetation  ol  the  temperate  zone  is  not  unknown.  There  are  more  than  500 
varieties  of  trees  found  in  the  forests,  and  the  plains  arc  full  of  palm,  orange,  and  other  trees.  The 
principal  crops  are  sugar,  colfee,  tobacco,  and  maize,  but  oranges,  bananas,  rice,  pineapples,  and  many 
other  fruits  are  important  products.  The  largest  article  of  export  from  Porto  llico  is  sugar.  The  next 
largest  is  tobacco.  The  other  exports  iu  order  of  amount  are  coiiee,  fruits,  molasses,  cattle,  timber, 
and  hides. 

The  principal  minerals  found  in  Porto  Rico  are  gold,  carbonates,  and  sulphides  of  copper  and 
magnetic  oxide  of  iron  in  large  quantities.  Lignite  is  found  at  Utuado  and  Moca,  and  also  yellow  am- 
ber. A  large  variety  of  marbles,  limestones,  and  other  building  stones  are  deposited  on'the  island, 
but  these  resources  are  very  undeveloped.  There  are  salt  works  at  Guanica  and  Halina  on  the  south 
coast,  and  at  Cape  Rojo  on  the  west,  and  these  constitute  the  principal  mineral  industry  in  Porto  Kico. 

The  principal  cities  are  Maviiguez,  with  15,187,  Ponce.  27,0.j2  inhabitants;  and  fean  Juan,  the 
capital,  with  32,048.  The  shipmeiiLs  ol  domestic  merchandise  from  the  United  Stales  to  Porto 
Kico,  year  ending  December  31.  1907,  were  :;>2.3,320.465.  Tne  exports  of  domestic  merchandise  lo 
the  United  states  were  $20,552,612.  The  foreign  trade,  year  ending  December  31,  1907,  was:  Im- 
ports, $3,580,887:  exports,  $4,899,372. 

An  act  providing  for  a  civil  government  for  Porto  Rico  was  passed  bj- the  Fifty-sixth  Congress 
and  received  the  assent  of  the  I'lesideut  April  12, 1900.  A  statement  of  its  provisions  was  printed  in 
Tub  World  Alma-vac  for  1901.  pages  92  and  9o.  President  Roosevelt  in  his  mes.sage  to  Congress 
in  December,  1906,  recommended  the  granting  of  United  .States  citizenship  to  the  Porto  P.icans. 

Under  tliis  act  a  civil  govornmeat  was  esiablislied,  which  went  into  eflect  ]\Iay  1,  1900.  There 
are  two  legislative  chambers,  the  Executive  Council,  or  *•  Upper  House,"  composed  of  the  (iovern- 
ment  Secretary,  Attorney-(Teneral.  Treasurer.  Auditor,  Commissioner  of  the  Interior,  and  Commis- 
sioner of  Education,  and  five  citizens  appointed  bv  the  President,  and  the  House  of  Delegates,  or 
"Lower  House,"  consisting  of  35  members,  elected  bv  the  people.  The  island  is  represented  near 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States  by  a  Resident  Comn::issioner. 

GUAM. 

The  island  of  Ouam,  the  largest  of  the  Marianne  or  Ladrone  Archipelago,  was  ceded  bv  Spain  to 
the  United  States  by  Article  2  of  the  Treaty  of  Peace,  concluded  at  Paris  Jjecem be r  10.  1898.  It  lies 
in  a  direct  line  from  san  Francisco  to  the  southern  part  of  the  Philippines,  and  is  5,200  nn'es  from 
San  Francisco  and  900  miles  from  Manila.  It  is  about  32  miles  long  and  100  miles  in  circumference, 
and  has  a  population  of  about  8.661,  of  whom  5,249  are  in  Agana.the  capital.     The  inhabitants  are 

iginal  race  of  the  La- 
the islanders  can 
possesses  an  excellent 
harbor.    The  productions  are  tropical  fruits,  cacao,  rice,  corn,  tobacco,  and  sugar  cane. 

Commander  Taussig,  of  the  United  States  gunboat  Bennington,  took  possession  of  the  island  and 
raised  the  United  States  flag  over  Fort  Santa  Cruz  on  February  1,  1899. 

TUTUILA. 

Tutuila,  the  Samoan  island  which,  with  its  tttondant  islets  of  Tan,  Olesinga,  and  Ofu,  became  a 
possession  of  the  United  States  by  virtue  of  the  tri-partite  treaty  with  Great  Britain  and  Germany 
in  1899,  covers,  according  to  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Treasury  Department,  fifty-four  square 
miles, and  has  5,800  inhabitants.  It  possesses  the  most  valuable  is'land  harbor,  Pago'- Pago,  in  the 
South  Pacific,  and  perhaps  in  the  entire  Pacific  Ocean.  Commerciallv  the  island  is  unimportant  at 
present,  but  is  extremelj'  valuable  in  its  relations  to  the  commerce  of  any  nation  desiring  to  cultivate 
transpacific  commerce. 

Ex-Cliief.lustice  Chambers,  of  Samoa,  says  of  Pago- Pago  that  "The  harbor  could  hold  the  entire 
naval  force  of  the  United  States,  and  is  so  per.ectly  arranged  that  only  two  vessels  can  enter  at  the 
same  time.  The  coaling  station,  being  surrounded  by  high  bintis,  cannot  be  reached  by  shells  from 
outside."  '    Tlie  Government  is  increasing  the  capacity  to  10,000  tons. 

The  Samoan  Islands,  in  the  South  Pacific,  are  fourteen  in  imniher,  and  lie  in  a  direct  line  drawn 
from  San  Francisco  to  Auckland,  New  Zealand.  Tht-v  are  4, 0(J0  miles  from  San  Francisco.  2. -.^OO 
miles  from  Hawaii,  1,900  miles  from  Auckland,  2,000  miles  from  Sydney,  and  4,200  miles  from 
Manila.  Germanygoverns  all  the  group  exceot  the  part  owned  by  the  United  States.  The  inhabitants 
are  native  Polynesfans  and  Christians  of  different  denominations. 

WAKEfAND    O^HER    ISLANDS. 

The  United  States  flag  was  hoisted  over  Wake  Island  in  January,  1899.  nv  Commander  Taussig, 
of  the  Bennington,  while  proceeding  to  Guam.  It  is  a  small  island  in  the  direct  route  from.  Hawaii  to 
Hong  Kong,  about  2,000  miles  from  the  first  and  3,000  miles  from  the  .second. 

The  United  States  possesses  a  number  of  scattered  small  islamis  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  some  hardly 
more  than  rocks  or  coral  reefs,  over  which  the  fia?  lias^heen  hoisted  from  time  to  time.  Thev  are  of 
little  present  value  and  mostly  uninhabited.  The  largest  are  Christmas,  Gallego.  Starbuck,  Penrhvn, 
Phoenix,  Palmyra,  Howland.  Baker,  Johnston.  Gardner.  Midway,  Morell,  and  Marcus  islands.  The 
Midway  Islands  are  occupied  by  a  colony  of  telegraphers  in  charsi^e  of  the  relav  in  the  cable  line  con- 
necting the  Philippines  with  the  United  States  and  a  camp  of  United  States  marines,  in  all  about 
forty  persons. 

The  Santa.  Barbara  group  is  a  part  of  California  and  the  Aleutian  chain,  extending  from  the  pen- 
insula of  Kamchatka  in  Asiatic  Russia  to  the  promontory  in  North  America  which  separates  Bering 
Sea  from  the  North  Pacific,  a  part  of  Alaska. 

HAWAII. 

Hawaii  was  annexed  to  the  United  States  bv  joint  resolution  of  Congress  Julv  7,  1898.  A  bill  to 
create  Hawaii  a  Territory  of  the  United  States  was  passed  bv  Congress  and  approved  April  30,  1900. 

The  area  of  the  several  islands  of  the  Hawaiian  group  is' as  follows:  Hawaii.  4,210  .square  miles; 
Maui.  760;  Oahu,  600;  Kauai,  590;  Molokai,  270;  Lanai,  150;  Niihau,  97;  Kahoolawe,  63.  Total, 
6,740  square  miles. 

At  the  time  of  the  discovery  of  the  islands  bv  Caotain  Cook  in  1778  the  native  population  wag 
ftbOUt  300,000,  This  hfV5Stea4il7  decreased,  so  that  "at  thei^tpe^sus  the  natives  numbered  but31,0J.9, 


286 


Territorial  Ex2?ansion  of  the    United  States. 


INSULAR   POSSESSIONS   OF   THE   UNITED   m'ATY.S— Continued. 

which  wii.s  le.ss  than  that  of  the  Japanese  and  Chinese  immigrants  settled  in  the  islands.    A  census 
taken  early  in  1897  revealed  a  total  population  of  109,020,  distributed  according  to  race  as  follows: 


jNIales. 

16.399 

4, 249 

19.212 

19,167 

Females. 

14.620 
4.236 
5,195 
2.449 

Total.   1 

*- 

Males. 

Females. 

6.898 
1,111 

844 

Total. 

Hawaiiau.s 

Part  Hawaiiaus 

31.019 

8,485 
24.407 
21.616 

Portuguese 

Americans 

8,202 
1,975 
1,406 

15,100 

3.086 

Japanese 

British 

2  250 

Chinese  

The  remainder  were  Germans,  French.  Norwegians,  South  Sea  Islanders,  and  representatives  of 
other  nationalities.  The  American  population  was  2. 73  per  cent,  of  the  whole.  The  American  popu- 
lation ha.s  increased  since  annexation. 

The  first  United  States  census  ol'  the  islands' was  taken  in  1900  with  the  following  result:  Hawaii 
IslsLV.d.  46,843;  Kauai  Island.  20.562;  Niihau  Island.  172;  Maui  Island.  25.416;  Molokai  Island  and 
Lanai  Island.  2.504;  Oahu  Island,  58,504.  Total  of  the  Territory,  154,001.  The  population  of  the 
City  of  Honolulu  is  39,306. 

The  exDorts  from  Hawaii  to  the  United  States  in  the  twelve  months  ending  December  31,  1907, 
were  valued  at  $29,054,581.  The  imports  into  Hawaii  from  the  United  states  for  the  same  period 
were  valued  at  $14,124,376.  The  imports  from  foreign  countries  for  the  same  period  were 
$4,151,709.  exports  $183,981. 

The  new  Territorial  Government  was  inaugurated  at  Honolulu  .Tune  14,  1900.  and  the  first  Terri- 
torial Legislature  began  its  sessions  at  Honolulu  February  20. 1901.  The  Legislature  is  composed  of 
two  houses— the  Se)iate  of  fifteen  members,  holding  office  four  years,  and  the  House  of  Kepre.senta- 
tives  of  thirty  members,  holding  office  two  years.  The  Legislature  meets  biennially,  and  sessions  are 
limited  to  sixty  days. 

The  Executive  "power  is  lodged  in  a  Governor,  a  Secretary,  both  appointed  by  the  President,  and 
hold  office  four  years,  and  the  following  officials  appointed  b.v  the  Governor,  by  and  with  the  con- 
sent of  the  .->enate  of  Hawaii.  An  Attorney-General.  Treasurer.  Commissioner  of  Public  Lands, 
Commi.ssioner  of  Agriculture  and  Forestry,  superintendent  of  Public  Works,  Superintendent  of  Pub- 
lic Instruction.  Auditor  and  Deputy,  surveyor.  High  Sheriff,  and  members  of  the  Boards  of  Health, 
Public  Instruction.  Prison  Inspectors,  etc.  They  hold  office  for  four  years,  and  must  be  citizens  of 
Hawaii. 

The  Judiciary  of  the  Territory  is  compo.sed  of  the  Supreme  Court,  with  three  Judges,  the  Circuit 
Court,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Legislature  may  establish.  The  Judges  are  appointed  by  the 
President.  The  Territory  is  a  Federal  Judicial  District,  with  a  District  Judge,  District-Attorney,  and 
Marshal,  all  appointed  by  the  President.     The  District  .ludge  has  all  the  powers  of  a  Circuit  Judge. 

The  Territory  is  repre.sented  in  Congress  by  a  delegate,  who  is  elected  biennially  by  the  people. 

Provision  is  made  in  the  act  creating  the  Territory  lor  the  residence  of  Chinese  in  the  Territory, 
and  prohibition  as  laborers  to  enter  the  L'nited  States.  * 


STcrritorial  iHxpan.aion  of  tije  SEnitctr  states. 

THEREhave  been  thirteen  additions  to  the  original  territory  of  the  Union,  including  Ala.ska.  the 
Haw-aiian,  Philippine,  and  Samoan  Islands  and  Guam,  iu  the  Pacific,  and  Porto  Rico  and  Pine 
Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  and  the  Panama  Canal  zone;  and  the  total  area  of  the  United  States, 
including  the  noncontiguous  territory,  is  now  fully  five  times  that  of  the  original  thirteen  colonies. 

The  additions  to  the  territory  of  the  United  "States  subsequent  to  the  peace  treaty  with  Great 
Britain  of  1783  are  shown  by  tlie  following  table,  prepared  by  the  United  States  General  Land  Office: 

ADDITIONS  TO  THE  TERRITORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  FROM  1800  TO  1900. 


Tekeitorial  Division-. 


Year. 


Louisiana  purchase 1803 

Florida 1819 

1845 
1846 

1848 
1860 
1853 


Texas 

Oregon  Territory 

Mexican  cession 

Purchase  from  Texas 
Gadsden  purchase  . . . 

Alaska I  1867 

Hawaiian  Islands I  1897 


Area 
Added. 


Purchase 
Price. 


Dollars. 
15.00*  000 1 
5,499,768 


I.  Miles. 
875,025 
70. 107 
389.795 
288. 689 
52.^,802*18,250,000 
t         I  10,000.000 


36,211 

599.446 

6,740 


10, 000. 000 
7.200.000 


Territorial  Division. 


Porto  Rioo 

Pine  Islands  (W.  Indies) 

Guam 

Philippine  Islands 

.Samoan  Islands 

Additional  Philippines. . . 


Total 


Year. 


1898 
1898 
1898 
1899 
1899 
1901 


Are.i 
Added. 


2,937,613 


Purchase 
Price, 


S.  Miles. 

8,600 

882 

175 

143,000 

73 

68 

Dollars. 

2o'ooi)",ooo 

100, 000 

87,039,768 


*Of  which  $3,250,000  was  in  payment  of  claims  ol  American  citizens  against  Mexico,    t  Area 
purchased  from  Texas  amounting  to  123,784  .square  miles  is  not  included  in  the  column  of  area 
added,  because  it  became  a  part  of  the  area  of  the  United  States  with  the  admission  of  Texas. 
ACQUISITION  OF  THE  PANAMA  CANAL  ZONE  IN  1904. 

Article  2  of  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  the  Republic  of  Panama,  ratified  by  the 
United  states  Senate  February  23,  1904,  treaty  in  efllect  February  26,  1904,  provided  lor  the 
cession,  in  perpetuity,  by  Panama,  of  a  .strip  of  territory  adjacent  to  the  canal,  as  follows  : 

"  The  Republic  of  Panama  grants  to  the  United  .States  in  perpetuity  the  use, occupation,  and  control 
of  the  zone  of  land  and  laud  under  water  for  the  construction,  maintenance,  operation,  sanitation, 
and  protection  of  said  canal  of  the  width  often  miles,  extendingto  the  distance  of  five  miles  on  each 
side  of  the  centre  line  of  the  route  of  the  canal  to  be  constructed;  the  said  zone  beginning 
in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  three  marine  miles  from  mean  low-water  mark, and  extending  to  and  acros.s  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama  into  the  Pacific  Ocean  to  a  distance  of  three  marine  miles  from  mean  low- water 
mark,  with  the  proviso  that  the  cities  of  Panama  and  Colon  and  the  harbors  adjacent  to  said  cities, 
which  are  included  within  the  boundaries  of  the  zone  above  described,  shall  not  be  included  within 
this  grant.  The  Republic  of  Panama  further  grants  to  the  United  States  in  perpetuity  the  use.  oc- 
cupation, and  control  of  any  other  lands  and  waters  outside  of  the  zone  above  described  which  may  be 
necessary  and  convenient  for  the  construction,  maintenance,  operation,  sanitation,  and  protection  of 
the  said  canal  or  of  any  auxiliary  canals  or  other  work  necessarv  and  convenient  for  the  construction, 
maintenance,  operation,  sanitation,  and  protection  of  the  said  enterprise.  The  Republic  of  Panama 
further  grants  to  the  United  States  in  perpetuitv  the  u.se,  occupation,  and  control  of  all  islands  with- 
in the  limits  of  the  zone  above  described,  and  in  addition  thereto  the  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Bay 
of  Panama  named Perico,  Nacs,  Culebra,  and  Flamingo." 


The  Panama  Canal.  ^7 


Ctjc  JiJanama  C^auaL 


A  NARRATIVE  OF  THE  STUPENDOUS  ENTERPRISE. 

While  a  majority  of  the  readers  of  THE  WORLD  ALMAI^AC  for  190S  will  doubtless  be 
living  when  the  great  ditch  now  being  dug  across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  will  unite  the 
waters  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans,  the  wisest  sage  cannot  accurately  pi-edict  all 
the  results  which  will  follow  the  completion  of  the  stupendous  enterprise.  The  commerce 
of  the  world  will  pay  financial  tribute  as  the  fleets  of  all  nations  pass  through  the  water- 
way to  avoid  the  long  voyage  around  Cape  Horn,  while  to  the  United  States,  in  times  of 
peace  or  war,  incalculable  benefits  will  accrue  from  undisputed  control  of  the  marvellous 
ocean  roadway  which  American  genius  and  American  money  are  pushing  to  completion. 
Great  obstacles  may  yet  be  met.  but  that  final  success  is  assured  there  can  no  longer  be 
any  doubt.  After  vicissitudes  and  failures  by  others,  Americans  will  reach  an  ultimate 
triumph  in  which  all  sections  of  the  Union  will  share,  and  the  Southern  States  especially 
will  reach  a  greater  greatness. 

Since  the  promulgation  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine  American  sentiment  has  been  generally 
insistent  upon  American  control  of  an  isthmian  canal,  whether  such  a  canal  ci-ossed  Nica-  • 
ragua   or   Panama,    and   for   many   years   the   relative   merits   of   the   two   routes   have   been 
sagely   discussed.      International   questions   have   been  raised,   and  several  generations   have 
waited  to  see  what  is  now  being  witnessed. 

Under  the  Clayton-Bulwer  treaty  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  might  have  com- 
bined to  build  and  maintain  a  ship  canal  or  railway  across  the  isthmus  through  Nicai*agua, 
guaranteeing  neutrality  and  sharing  expenses  and  profits.  Nicaragua  had  made  to  the 
United  States  the  so-called  "Hise"  grant,  but  Great  Britain  would  not  consent  to  withdj-aw 
her  pretensions  to  the  Mosquito  Coast  and  permit  this  country  and  Nicaragua  to  build  the 
canal.  The  project  therefore  failed,  and  later  the  civil  war  thrust  canal  propositions  into 
the  background.  After  that  war,  however,  France  asked  the  United  States  to  guarantee 
the  neutrality  of  the  Panama  Canal,  which  Ferdinand  de  Lesseps  was  then  designing. 
This  drew  from  President  Hayes  a  special  message  to  Congress  on  March  8,  ISSO,  in  which 
he  said:  "The  United  States  cannot  consent  to  the  surrender  of  control  (over  an  inter- 
oceanic  canal)  to  any  European  power  or  to  any  combination  of  European  powers.  An 
inter-oceanic  canal  across  the  American  isthmus  will  be  a  great  ocean  thoroughfare  between 
our  Atlantic  and  our  Pacific  shores  and  virtually  a  part  of  the  coast  line  of  the  United 
States.  No  other  great  power  would  under  similar  circumstances  fail  to  assert  a  rightful 
control  over  a  work  so  closely  and  vitally  affecting  its  interest  and  welfare."  Seemingly, 
President  Hayes  construed  the  ClaYton-Btilwer  treaty  as  being  non-effective  except  as  to 
canal  schemes  considered  when  the  treaty  was  signed,  and  a  treaty  was  negotiated  with 
Colombia  permitting  American  control,  but  this  agreement  was  not  ratified  by  France. 

Secretary  of  State  Blaine,  unawed  by  the  protests  of  the  British  press,  maintained, 
under  President  Garfield,  the  stand  taken  by  President  Haj-es,  and  went  further  by  pro- 
posing to  modify  the  Clayton-Bulwer  treaty  so  as  to  prevent  England's  sharing  the  control 
of  the  canal  in  event  of  war.  He  declared:  "As  England  insists,  by  the  right  of  her 
power,  that  her  enemies  in  war  shall  strike  her  Indian  possessions  only  by  doubling  the- 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  so  the  United  States  will  equally  insist  that  the  canal  shall  be  reserved 
for  ourselves,  while  our  enemies,  if  we  shall  ever  be  so  unfortunate  as  to  have  any,  shall 
be  remanded  to  the  voyage  around  Cape  Horn."  Lord  Granville,  in  behalf  of  Great  Britain, 
declined  to  modify  the  Clayton-Bulwer  treaty  because  of  the  interests  of  England  and  of 
the  civilized  world  in  the  canal,  and  threatened  that,  if  the  United  States  persisted  In 
demanding  supreme  authority,  Great  Britain  and  other  nations  would  construct  fortifica- 
tions to  command  the  canal  and  its  approaches. 

President  Arthur's  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  Frelinghuysen,  held  that  the  Clayton- 
Bulwer  treaty  was  voidable,  and  also  that  it  applied  only  to  the  Nicaragua  route.  Mr. 
Frelinghuysen  argued  that  a  canal  across  the  isthmus,  under  an  international  guarantee 
of  neutrality,  "would  affect  the  republic  in  its  trade  and  commerce,  expose  our  Western 
coast  to  attack,  destroy  our  isolation,  oblige  us  to  increase  our  navy  and  improve  our 
defences,  and  possibly  compel  us,  contrary  to  our  traditions,  to.  take  an  active  interest 
in  the  affairs  of  European  nations." 

In  the  meantime,  and  until  1888,  M.  de  Lesseps  pushed  the  digging  of  the  Panama 
Canal,  the  French  people  willingly  supplying  money  for  the  enterprise  until  the  historic 
crash  came.  Then  the  stockholders,  the  majority  of  whom  were  of  the  middle  class,  learned 
how  their  investments  had  been  squandered,  through  mismanagement  and  corruption,  and 
how  long  they  had  been  deceived  by  the  directors.  France,  especially  Paris,  was  crazed 
by  the  revelations.  M.  de  Lessep^s  and  many  of  his  associates  suffered  imprisonment  and 
fine,  and  among  those  arrested  for  alleged  complicity  were  more  than  100  members  of  the 
French  Legislature  and  five  former  Ministers  of  the  Government. 

THE    RECOGNITION    OF    PANAMA. 

On  January  22,  190.3,  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Colombia  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  Panama  Canal  by  the  United  States  was  signed  at  Washington,  and  on 
March  23  this  treaty  was  ratified  by  the  United  States  Senate  by  a  vote  of  73  to  12,  five 
Senators  not  voting.  The  Colombian  Senate  rejected  this  treaty  on  September  14.  and 
approved,  on  first  reading,  a  bill  authorizing  the  Government  to  negotiate  a  new  treaty. 
Panama  declared  its  independence  on  November  3.  On  November  5  the  Colombian  troops 
evacuated  Colon  and  sailed  for  Carthagena.  The  following  day  the  United  States  recognized 
the  independence  of  Panama,  against  which  action  Colombia  lodged  a  protest  with  the 
State  Department  at  Washington  on  November  8.  M.  Bunau-Varilla.  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the  Republic  of  Panama,  was  formally  received  by  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt  November  13.  Two  days  later  the  Panama  Commissioners  arrived  at  New 
Jork,   and  on  November  18  a  canal  treaty   between  the  United   States  and  Panama   was 


288  The  Panama  Canal, 


signed  at  Washington  by  Secretary  of  State  Hay  and  Minister  Bunau-Varilla.     Under  this 
treaty  the  canal  is  now  being  constructed. 

The  preamble  of  this  treaty  cites  a  desire  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  to  further 
the  observance  of  the  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  2C5,  1U02,  whereby  the  United  States 
was  authorized  to  purcnase  from  tnc  new  i^anama  Canal  Company  for  $4u,0UU,UUU  all  the 
rights  and  property  of  said  company;  lo  buy  the  right  of  way  irom  Colomoia;  to  construct 
a  canal  across  the  Isthmus  of  i^anama  tnrouga  Colombia;  to  cnoose  the  :\icaragua  route 
if  deemed  more  advisable;  to  expend  $13o,UUU,wuO  for  construction,  if  the  Panama  route  be 
chosen,  or  $1&0,OUU,UUO  should  the  Nicaragua  route  be  adopted;  to  create  an  Isthmian  Canal 
Commission,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President,  and  consisting  of  seven  members,  to  have 
executive  control  of  tne  canal  construction  aifairs;  and  to  issue  United  States  Government 
bonds,  payable  in  thirty  years  and  bearing  k:  per  cent,  interest,  to  defray  construction 
txpenses. 

The  treaty  of  November  IS,  1903,  with  Panama  provides,  in  twenty-five  articles,  for 
details  as  to  canal  ownership  and  management,  the  principal  agreements  being:  That  the 
United  States  guarantees  and  will  maintain  the  independence  of  the  Repyblie  of  Panama; 
that  the  said  Republic  grants  to  the  United  States  in  perpetuity  a  strip  of  land  ten  miles 
in  width  across  the  isthmus,  being  five  miles  on  either  side  of  the  centre  of  the  line  of  the 
canal,  and  of  all  lands  and  waters  outside  of  said  canal  zone  which  may  be  necessary  to 
the  construction  and  maintenance  of  the  canal.  The  small  Islands  named  Perico,  Nacs, 
Culebra  and  Flamingo,  in  the  Bay  of  Panama,  are  also  ceded  to  the  United  States;  the 
Republic  of  Panama  grants  to  the  United  States  in  perpetuity  a  monopoly  for  the  con- 
struction, maintenance  and  operation  of  any  system  of  communication  by  means  of  canal 
or  railroad  across  the  Republic's  territory  between  the  Caribbean  and  the  Pacific  Ocean; 
Panama  grants  to  the  United  States  for  a  period  of  fifty  years  all  rights  to  the  construc- 
tion of  sewage  and  water-works  systems,  with  accruing  rentals,  submits  to  sanitary 
control  of  the  cities  of  Panama  and  Colon  by  the  United  States,  and,  in  case  of  necessity, 
extends  the  right  of  such  sanitary  control  to  the  entire  Republic  of  Wnama;  the  Republic 
of  Panama  authorizes  the  New  Panama  Canal  Company  to  sell  all  its  rights  and  property 
to  the  United  States;  the  ports  at  either  entrance  of  the  canal  are  to  be  declared  free  for 
all  time  by  the  Republic  of  Panama;  the  United  States  may  import  at  any  time,  free  of 
customs  duty  or  other  charges,  into  srdd  zone  all  things  necessary  for  the  canal  construc- 
tion; the  two  governments  are  to  hereafter  make  adequate  provision  for  the  pursuit,  arrest, 
detention  and,  when  necessary,  extradition  of  alleged  criminals  in  the  canal  zone;  the 
Republic  grants  to  the  United  States  the  free  use  of  all  the  Republic  ports  open  to  com- 
merce for  all  vessels  in  distress  having  the  right  to  pass  through  the  canal,  and  the 
Republic  is  to  enjoy  free  transportation  over  the  canal  of  its  vessels,  troops  and  munitions 
of  war  at  all  times,  also  free  transportation  of  the  Government  employees  and  police  of 
the  Republic;  the  canal,  when  constructed,  and  the  entrance  thereto,  shall  be  neutral  in 
perpetuity;  the  Republic  of  Panama  agrees  to  modify  all  preceding  treaties  with  any  third 
Power  so  that  no  conflict  may  exist  with  the  m-esent  convention;  the  United  States  is 
given  the  right  to  employ  its  armed  forces  or  to  Build  fortifications  for  the  safety  or  pro- 
tection of  the  canal  or  of  the  ships  that  make  use  of  the  same;  the  United  States  agrees 
to  pay  to  the  Republic  of  Panama  the  sum  of  ?10,000,000  in  gold  and  an  annual  payment 
of  $250,000  during  the  life  of  the  convention,  beginning  nine  years  from  the  date  thereof. 
No  change  in  the  government  or  laws  of  the  Republic,  affecting  the  rights  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be  made  by  the  Republic  without  the  consent  of  the  United  States,  and  in 
the  event  of  the  sovereignty  of  the  Republic  of  Panama  being  changed  or  merged  with 
that  of  another  government,  the  rig=  ^  of  the  United  States  in  the  canal  zone  are  to  be 
respected  and  in  no  way  waived;  all  differences  between  the  Republic  and  the  United 
States  concerning  canal  matters  are  to  be  settled  by  arbitration  by  a  commission  of  four 
members,  two  froin  each  government,  with  reference  to  an  umpire  selected  by  said  govern- 
ments in  case  of  the  disagreement  of  the  commission,   said  umpire's  decision  to  be  final. 

On  November  19,  1903,  the  Colombian  envoys  arrived  at  Colon  to  negotiate  the  return 
of  Panama  to  Colombia,  and  were  refused.  On  November  27  the  United  States  Minister 
at  Bogota  formally  notified  the  Colombian  Foreign  Minister  of  the  recognition  by  the 
United  States  of  the  Republic  of  Panama  and  the  reception  of  Panama's  Minister.  On 
December  2  the  canal  treaty  with  the  United  States  was  ratified  by  the  Government  of 
Panama,  without  amendment.  Gen.  Rafael  Reyes,  special  envoy  from  Colombia,  was 
received  by  President  Roosevelt  on  December  5.  Marines  from  the  cruiser  Dixie  were 
landed  at  Colon  and  occupied  a  position  at  Empire,  on  the  Panama  Railroad,  on  December 
8.  Senator  Morgan,  on  December  0,  attacked  the  canal  treaty  in  the  Senate,  and  Senator 
Hoar  introduced  resolutions  seeking  information  of  the  action  of  the  Government.  Elec- 
tions were  ordered,  December  13,  to  take  place  on  January  15,  1904,  for  delegates  to  a 
convention  to  form  a  constitution  for  the  Republic  of  Panama,  and  thus  was  closed  the 
momentous  year  in  which  American  control  of  the  great  ditch  was  at  last  assured. 

Despite  the  opposition  of  some  Senators,  only  fourteen  of  them  voted  against  the  rati- 
fication of  the  treaty  on  February  23,  1904,  and  on  February  26  it  went  into  effect,  with 
the  exchange  of  ratifications  between  the  representatives  of  the  two  countries  and  the 
proclamation  of  President  Roosevelt.  On  April  28,  1904,  Congress  passed  an  act  to  provide 
for  the  temporary  government  of  the  canal  zone.  President  Roosevelt  then  appointed  the 
following  members  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission,  to  take  charge  of  the  construction 
of  the  canal  and  the  government  of  the  canal  zone:  Rear- Admiral  John  G.  Walker, 
U.  S.  N.  (retired).  Chairman;  Maj.-Gen.  George  W.  Davis,  U.  S.  A.  (retired);  William 
Barclay  Parsons.  New  York;  William  H.  Burr,  New  York;  Benjamin  M.  Harrod,  Uouisi- 
ana;  Carl  Ewald  Crunsky,  California;  Frank  J.  Hecker,  Michigan.  John  F.  Wallace, 
general  manager  of  the  Illinois  Railroad  system,  was  appointed  Chief  Engineer. 

In  the  meantime  Manuel  Amador  had  been  inaugurated,  February  20,  as  President  of 
the  Republic  of  Panama  and  formed  his  Cabinet,  and  Senor  Pablo  Arosemana  was  appointed 
Minister  to  the  United  States,  succeeding  Senor  Bunau-Varilla,  resigned.  William  I. 
Buchanan,  of  Iowa,  was  the  first  United  States  Minister  to  Panama.     Ho  was  succeeded  by 


J  he  Panama  Canal.  089 


iTol"  Mr.  \n^e\V^^\xZi?  ^'""^  transferred  to  Colombia  in  March.  1904.  and  John  Barrett 
+  *t^  i-^y}'':.  France,  on  April  22.  1!>04.  the  Panama  Canal  Companv  transferred  its  ri-hts 
i''nt*^^TT.^?'H^^J?*^/''^-  ,r/^«i<l-"t  Bo  and  Director  Richmond  acted  foV  the  company  Assist- 
^Pt  United  States  Attorneys-General  Charles  W.  Russell  and  W.  A.  Day  for  the 
^fal  '^c^/^^^-  ^""^  Consuls-General  John  K.  Gowdy  and  Robert  Lewis  for  the  United 
.States  and  Panama,  respectively,  the  two  consular  representatives  joining  in  affixing  the 
seals  and  attesting:  the  sisnatures  to  the  instrument  of  transferrence.  On  May  9  b>  war! 
rant  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  on  behalf  of  the  United  States,  the  Panama  Canal 
^^SZ  thrRSulli^'V^^^^^A'a^r.    ^''''''•''''    ^-^    ^^^'^00.000    was    paid,  by    thr U^nirel 

CANAL.  ZONE  GOVERNMENT. 
President  Roosevelt  having  decided  that  until  Congress  enacted  laws  for  a  nermanenf 
f?lZT''''\  °^r.*''^  ^^"^'  ^?.".^'  "^^  Panama  Commission  should  report  throuJhTh^WaJ 
Department;  Gen.  George  W.  Davis,  of  the  Commission,  was  appointed  Governor  of 
the  Zone.  On  May  19.  1904,  General  Davis  issued  a  proclamation  to  the  inhabitants  of 
the^  Canal  Zone  announcing  his  authority  and  the  purposes  of  his  admin  strat  on  He 
subsequently  rapidly  perfected  the  machinery  of  government  along  Ame  "can  nes  anS 
in   full   conformity   with  established   American   ideas.  ^ 

on    ^nri7-''Trii^'''^rL''^  ^^r^^^ /^^   "^arly   a  year,    the   first   Panama   Commission   resigned, 
on  Apiil  .,.  lOOo.     The  President,  on  the  same  day.  appointed  a  new  commission    composed  of 
F     Walf.'c'r'pAi.f  T^^^^-°"''=       Theodore. P.     Shonts.     Chairman;    Charles    E.     Magoon"  John 
F.    Wallace     Chief   Engineer;    Rear- Admiral   M.    T.    Endicott.    U.    S.    N.;    Brig -Gen     Peter  C 
Hains.    US.   A     (retired  i;    Col.    Oswald    H.   Ernst.   Corps  of   Engineers.   U.    S     l"' Benjamin 

Mi-  ^4nace  It^-nr^f  °f  '^r^  ^^r  '''''  ".^T.t^^?«  ^^^^^  ^t  •^'•■"»^  per  annum  that  of 
T         ij^Jl'^^®  .^t   $2..,000.    of   Mr.    Magoon   at    $17,500,    and    of    Chairman    Shonts    at    $.-50  000 

aMSono"';^i''''.^"^'°P  ^^^  ^^'^r  ^-a-ie  a  Commissioner  and  Secretary  to  the  Comm  sS 
f„  il;?  P^'  annum.  Commissioners  Shonts.  Magoon  and  Wallace  Were  ordered  to  reside 
in   Panama,    as   an    Executive   Committee,    each   assuming   charge   of  specified   departments 

wrs'assieneli'To 'ch.%fr ^Tf  ?"  V"V"^  ^"'^^  ^^  Governor  in  July.  Commlssfon'^^r  Shonts 
)\l\^l^^  ■  ^  charge  of  fiscal  atfairs,  and  to  Mr.  Wallace  was  allotted  responsibility 
for  engineering  matters.     There  was  also  appointed  a  Board  of  Consulting  Engineerr  con- 

pfrsols  W  V'°PnTr''^P^''''??'=  "^T^"-  ^?f°^"^^  J^-  ^^^■^^'  Chairman;  ^^^nfam  Barclay 
nMlfiJi  '  ;^  I^-  ^urr,  Gen.  Henry  D.  Abbott.  Eugene  Tincauzer.  German;  Edward  M 
Quellenec  of  the  Suez  Canal  Staff;  Isham  Randolph,  F.  P.  Stearns  Joseph  Rinlev  W  h" 
Hunter.  Manchester  Canal.  England;  Adolph  Geurard.  French;  J.  V  We  ker  Dutch  The 
^.?r7'nn*^-^''"r^''^  ^fj;"^^"^'  England.  France  and  the  Netherlands  on  this  advisory' board 
The%"utTeT''ol  thJ  i^eir  respective  governments  on  the  invitation  of  President  RoLevelt 
canal  were  ^ef?np<^  in\^2^'^"]'^^'S"'  .^"d  instructions  as  to  administrative  work  on  the 
of  the  CommSs^on  President   Roosevelt,    simultaneously   with   the   appointing 

?„   ^^^    x"^'*'^  ^°^   Consulting    Engineers,    after   protracted   sittings   in   Washington     divided  ' 
meXrs      Su,?in''..'a11°t\'^?  ^''^"    ""'   canal    to    be   recommended   to   the    Presfdent      E  gM 
members-Abbot?  RiniivT^  representath-es.    favored    a.  sea-level    canal,    and    five 

RoosPvelT  afti^  ^^>^'  ^  \^'  Randolph  and  Stevens-voted  fbr  a  lock  canal.  President 
inT^^ioi  •  o  1  '  .receiving  and  considering  this  report,  declared  himsplf  in  favor  of  the 
lock  pan,  and  said  he  would  veto  the  Sundry  Civil  Appropriation  bill  if  it  carried  a  rider 
amend'e"/th°/hni''^-'^>;^^  "^"^'-  '^'^^  ^'"^'^^  states  S^na'^e  therefore  on  June  26  lOOfi 
cS  The  Hn  c^oV^^T^"^  ^°^  f  ,^-''^-^^Z''\  ^^"^^  ^^  ^  ^'o^e  of  35  to  .^l  in  favor  of  a  lock 
ZcSre,^  U^  f^^^^  J^.^^^^\^^''''^^V^'^%^''^  already,  by  a  vote  of  110  to  30,  on  June  15. 
it  Slfcost  sftononn^o  t.°''^.''r''V  ^he  engineers  in  charge  of  the  work  estimate  that 
the  work  A  s^i  ?evp?  n'^n.TT*'*  ^  ^"^^  ^^"^^'  ^"^  ^^""^  ^'-ht  years'  labor  will  complete 
Jequrrr?welve\%"tw7ntr?e^-rs''timeTo  SSfeTe!  '"^'   "°"^^  ^°^'  $272,000,000,   and  would 

THE  DIMENSIONS  OF  THE  WORK. 

f  '^^t-^P^^l  't"?^th  of  the  canal  will  approximate  forty-si^x  miles  The  denth  will  varv 
Jo  Tooo'Vfp.'^f  ^°^^>:.-f*^'«  ^,^^t,  and  the  surface  width  will  b?  f?om  200  feet  in  CuTebra  cS 
^hi'2?  ^^.et  f^om  the  Gatun  Locks  to  San  Pablo,  a  distance  of  fifteen  miles  and  a  half 
fuXr^/'\'Ll^''^\''n\^^  ^''°^^  eighty-five  feet  above  the  sea,  and  wm  be  relched  by  a 
Ta^pLa  ^^u  ^4  <^.^tun.  on  the  Atlantic  side.  6ne  lock  at  Pedro  M'guel  and  two  at 
^o.  ?  f^'  ^'^  ^^J  Pacific  Sid.-,  all  locks  being  alike.     A  huge  dam  near  the  Gatun  hills  wfll 

t^'o^'bS  thf  cana/by''con4act  "T.ll'^'r\''T'    '^^    P'-^sident.    the    Commissfon^decfded 
bein "  allowpri  In  M.1  V^r,  o^  •  1^®   quickest   and   most   economical    method,    contractors 

Secre?rrv   n?   ttl    -?.  o    "^^ny  sections  or  sub-divisions  as  such  contractors  ^ight  desire 
becietary   of   the    Treasury   Shaw,    on   July   2,    lUOG,    announced   that   $30,000  000   of  th© 


290  T}ie  Panama  Canah 


2  per  cent,  canal  bonds  would  be  sold.  The  issue  was  over-subsci-ibed  nearly  fifteen  times, 
and    the    Government   received   a   premium   of  $l,i;00.000   becau.se   of   the   high   prices   offered. 

The  exceeding  of  authorized  expenditures  by  the  Canal  Commission  during  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  .'JO,  lUOG,  led  to  criticism  and  to  an  attempt  at  investigation  by  the  Senate 
committee  on  Interoceanic  Canals.  President  Roosevelt,  in  a  special  message  to  Congress, 
transmitting  the  Commission's  report,  vigorously  defended  the  Commission,  declaring: 
•"I  repeat  that  the  work  on  the  isthmus  has  been  done,  and  is  being  done,  admirably.  The 
organization  is  good.  The  mistakes  are  extraordinarily  few,  and  these  few  have  been 
jiractically  of  no  consequence.  The  zeal,  intelligence  and  efficient  service  of  the  Isthmian 
Commission  and  its  subordinates  have  been  noteworthy.  I  court  the  fullest,  most  exhaust- 
ive and  most  searching  investigation  of  any  act  of  tiieirs,  and  if  any  one  of  them  is  ever 
shown  to  have  done  wrong  his  punishment  shall  be  exemplary.  But  I  ask  that  they  be 
decently  paid,  and  that  their  hands  be  upheld  as  long  as  they  act  decently.  On  any  other 
conditions  we  shall  not  be  able  to  get  men  of  the  right  type  to  do  the  work,  and  this 
means  that  on  any  other  conditions  we  shall  insure,  if  not  failure,  at  least  delay,  scandal 
and  inefficiency  in   the   task  of  digging  the  giant   canal." 

The  President  spent  four  days  on  the  Isthmus  in  November,  1000,  going  over  the  entire 
route  of  the  canal.  On  his  return  he  expressed  himself  as  satisfied  with  conditions,  and 
on  December  17  he  sent  to  Congress  a  specially  illustrated  message  detailing  his  views  on 
the  canal  situation. 

PROGRESS   OF   WORK   IN   1907. 

President  Roosevelt,  on  April  1,  1907,  placed  the  work  of  constructing  the  Panama 
Canal  in  charge  of  the  engineer  officers  of  the  army,  appointing  I^ieut.-Col.  George  W. 
Goethals  Chairman  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission  and  Chief  Engineer.  There  was 
no  specific  authority  for  this  action,  but  it  was  done  under  the  law  providing  for  the 
construction  of  the  canal,  which  authorized  him  to  have  the  work  performed.  He  will 
reconmiend  to  Congress  that  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States  Army  be  placed 
in  control   of  this   work. 

Theodore  P.  Shonts.  the  Chairman  of  the  Canal  Commission,  resigned  January  23  to 
become  President  of  the  Interborough-Meti-opolitan  Companv  of  New  York.  John  F. 
Stevens,  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Commission,  was  then  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
mission and  Chief  Engineer.  He  went  to  Panama  to  complete  the  canal,  and  die  with  his 
boots    on    if   necessary. 

But  Mr.  Stevens'  soon  became  tired  of  his  position,  and  after  a  serious  disagreement 
with   President  Roosevelt  regarding  affairs  on   the  isthmus,  resigned  March  4. 

Lieut. -Col.  Geoi-ge  W.  Goethals,  one  of  the  most  experienced  officers  of  the  Army  En- 
gineer Corps,  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Commission,  and  on  April  1  became  Chair- 
man and  Chief  Engineer.  Major  D.  D.  Gaillard  and  Major  William  L.  Sibert.  of  the  En- 
gineer Corps  of  the  Army,  were  also  made  members  of  the  Commission.  These  appoint- 
nients  were  made  because  the  President  could  not  secure  a  civilian  who  would  stick  to 
the  job.  All  of  them  retired  after  completing  their  organization  of  the  Commission,  the 
working  force  and  their  plans.  These  constant  changes  retarded  the  work,  and  finally  the 
President  appointed  Lieutenant-Colonel  Goethals  as  Chairman  of  the  Commission  and  assigned 
two  other  army  engineers  as  membecs  of  the  Commission.  This  was  done  to  prevent 
further  changes  in  the  policy  of  conducting  the  work  and  to  have  army  engineers  on  hand 
familiar  with  the  work,  so  that  one  of  them  could  step  into  the  position  of  Chairman  in  the 
event    of    his    retirement. 

Shortly  after  the  appointment  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Goethals  all  the  members  of  the 
Commission  were  transferred  to  the  isthmus,  including  Joseph  Bucklin  Bishop,  the  Secre- 
tary, and  all  the  principal  work  is  now  conducted  at  Panama.  Lieut. -Col.  H.  F.  Hodges. 
Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army,  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  administrative  features  of 
the  Canal  Commission  offices  with  the  titles  of  General  Purchasing  Officer  and  Chief  of 
Office.     He  purchases  all  supplies  and  maohinei-y  for  the  canal,  advertising  for  bids. 

The  Canal   Commission  consists  of  the  following  persons: 

Lieut. -Col.  George  W.  Goethals.  .^alarv  S15,000,  Chairman  and  Chief  Engineer;  Major 
D.  D.  Gaillard.  V.  S.  A.,  salary  $14,000;  Major  William  L.  Sibert,  U.  S.  A.,  salary  $14,000; 
H.  H.  Rosseau,  Civil  Engineer,  U.  S..  N..  salary  $14,000;  Hon.  Josei)h  C.  S.  Blackburn,  of 
Kentucky,  salarv  $14,000;  Col.  W.  C.  Gorgas,  U.  S.  A.,  salarv  $14,000;  Jackson  Smith, 
salary  $14,000;  Joseph  Bucklin  Bishop.  Secretary,  salarv  $10,000.  Each  member  of  the 
Commission  is  provided  with  a  furnished  house  and  is  allowed  all  expenses  while  in  the 
United   States   on   official   business. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Goethals  is  in  charge  of  Construction  and  Engineering;  Major  D. 
D.  Gaillard  has  charge  of  the  Department  of  Excavation  and  Dredging;  Major  William  L. 
Sibert.  Department  of  Locks  and  Dam  Construction;  H.  H.  Rosseau,  in  charge  of  Depart- 
ment of  Municipal  Engineering.  Motive  Power  and  Machinery,  and  Building  Construction; 
Hon.  Joseph  C.  S.  Blackburn,  in  charge  of  Civil  Administration;  Col.  W.  C.  Gorgas.  Chief 
of  the  Department  of  Sanitation,  and  Jackson  Smith,  in  charge  of  Department  of  Labor, 
Quarters   and    Subsistence. 

February  7.— William  J.  Oliver,  of  Knoxville.  Tenn..  and  Anson  G.  Bangs,  of  New 
York,  under  the  name  of  Oliver  &  Bangs,  submitted  a  bid  to  construct  the  canal  by  con- 
tract. Their  bid  v.-as  6.7.5  per  cent,  of  the  actual  cost  of  construction,  and  the  Mc Arthur- 
Gillespie  Company,  of  New  York,  submitted  a  bid  at  12^4  per  cent.  These  were  the  only 
two  bids  that  were  considered.  An  investigation  was  m'ade  by  President  Roosevelt,  the 
Secretary  of  War  and  the  Canal  Commission  into  the  reliability  of  the  contractors.  It 
was  found  that  Mr.  Bangs  had  transacted  business  with  Gaynor  &  Greene,  who  were 
indicted  in  connection  with  Capt.  Oberlin  M.  Carter  for  the  frauds  at  Savannah.  Ga.. 
where  the  Government  was  constructing  a  breakwater.  Mr.  Oliver  was  informed  that  he 
must  get  another  partner,  and  Frederick  C.  Stevens.  Sujierintendent  of  Public  Works  of 
New  York,  then  associated  himself  with  Mr.  Oliver.  Their  bid  was  considered,  and  finally 
Mr  Oliver  was  notified  that  he  must  organize  a  corporation  with  a  capital  of  $5,000,000. 
He  did  so.  and  associated  with  him  were  John  B.  McDonald,  of  New  York,  who  constructed 
the  .Subway;  John  Pierce,  of  Now  York,  who  constructed  a  large  number  of  building's  for 
the  Govern:nent;  P.  T.  Brennan.  of  the  Brennan  Construction  Company,  of  Washington. 
D.  C:  John  H.  Gerrish.  of  the  Eastern  Dredge  Company,  of  Boston,  and  the  P.  J.  Walsh 
Construction   Company,   of  Davenport,    lowq. 

After  considering  these  bids,  they  were  rejected,  as  the  Government  decided  to  continue 


Tlie  Piuiaina   Canal. 


201 


It    was    also    decided    that    Chinese    coolie    labor   would    not    be 


the    work    of    construction, 
employod    on    the    canal 

annJal  hi%?ctimrof'''"t^; JwI-u-'^^^t?'^  *V^  isthmus,  reaching  Colon  March  30.  to  make  an 
looks  of  thrSunn^m^Wo^^  ""'^^  investigated  the  question  of  the  basis  for  the 
enough  but  it  wis  deHdJ!i  t)T«tTv,.V^i.*^°"''^,^  *°  whether  the  foundation  was  strong 
tion  which  he  dPHdeH  wt=  f^^  ti!"^  locks  could  be  constructed  with  safety.  Another  ques- 
the  Spring  the  memhpr^   nf  t^^   threatened   strike   of  the   steam   shovel   operators.     Later   in 

tarv  o^  Wafomer^^iHTh^o'lP-*'?'^  question  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  Acting  Seer- 
examined  An  Sp^l,^f.X'-'^'"^^  reports  of  the  engineers  who  planned  the  canal  was 
CanTl    Commissioner^   «n^i    AT*^   '"'^k''   transmitted   to   the   isthmus   to   be   considered   bv   the 

Fn  Octo^beV""^''^hrrues^foVh'a^s"n^oT?4fb"eL''d^  ^^''^  ^^^^^   ^^^^"^^   P^"-"- 

for  i^^ii'''i^7%^A.''z^:'T:^z^^i  ^^^^  ^-  ^^^  ^-  --t'^^ 


Year  and  Month. 


Culebra  Diri- 
sion  by  steam 
shovels  from 

1907.  ^^""'  P"'"' 

January    566.750 

February    639  112 

^.larch    81o,"270 

;\P"1     879.527 

^lay     690.365 

June    624.,586 

July    770,,570 

August     786.866 

September    7,-,3  ogg 

October    S26;S91 

-^  ovember     

December    


At  other  By  steam 

point-;  by  shovels 

8t«-aHi  shovels  outside 

from  prism.  prism. 


Dredging  in' 
Canal  prism. 


47,539 

70,177 

100,689 

108.459 

70.528 

71.181 

64.262 

85.231 

180.283 

250.826 


3..S67 

1,756 

762 

8,739 

23,675 

35.856 

2,200 

7,608 


81,352 
212,660 
372,711 
548,467 
766,754 


Dredging 
ontside 
prism. 

205,810 

203,482 

176.464 

174.744 

256.004 

174.346 

5,600 

5,127 

26,350 

16,650 


Total. 


820.000 
912.771 
1,095.7'.)0 
1.159.486 
1.017.659 
960.204 
1.076.767 
1.285.701 
1.510.5SiS 
1,868,729 


Grand     totals. 


■  11.213.942         1.070.803         83.963         1.981.944         4.348.428         IS.OGO.OSO 


.ixt  ™rie'*steam  ;*ZVe^'''''arr^  ?"*?    *^^^^   45-ton   steam   shovels,    or   a    total    of 

del  vered  and   will   soon  L   in   ,^^^^^^  m  commission;   seven  70-ton  shovels  have  recently  bPr'n 

45-"on'sio^els  wlnr"denvered?n  th^e'neTr  "fi^^."'   '"'^^'^  ''-'°"'   ^^^""  ^^-^°"  ^^^  -»'^^ 

FORCE    EMPLOYED. 

isthnfus*on  ^''rollf  of The"Sf,^'n.l^^-^-  ^"^^^ .^'^''^  ^"^^"y  over  41.000  employees  on  the 
whom  were  JmlncLs  rhP^2"iS'!.^'°'\  ^^.^  ^^f  Panama  Railroad,  approxlmatelv  4.200  „f 
men°^L;^l[.V^o";^;iSn  Iill,^irior^^'^^^i.Z'''^.^oStr'^''''  '''  ''''''  ™— 23.^07 


EXPENDIT  URES. 


A    ^Z^f  following  is  a  statement  of  the  audited  exnend'tureq  nn  tn   Tnn^  ^n 
Audited  expenditures   to  June  30     1907        """-^^  eApenu  lures  up  to  June  dO, 

Divided   as    follows :  '  • 


1907: 
$100,489,816.11 


For 
For 
For 


canal 


157,118.24 


3.649,6.55.13 


Pananfri^l?li:oayst'ock'own';L"^  franchises $50,000,000.00 

hnn1irnl'''a^^'^.^^''J^"''^-  Jpcludiug  cost  of  pui'-chase'. 
handling  and  transportation  thereof,  and  exclusive 
of  material  issued  and  charged  against  the  account 
representing  the  work  in  which  emploved  ''^^•'""'^ 
J!.xpenditures  for  salaries,  wages,  travelling  and" con- 
tingent expenses,   and  materials  used— 

For    general    administration 1  4m  ^-,7  r,<i 

For    government    and    sanitation 5  7914'^^7'r« 

For    construction    and    engineering iH'^qi  s'^i  17 

For  ^  plant-Including   rolling   stSck.    excavating 'michinl  ^"•''^■^'^^^•^^  . 
ery,  shop  machinery  and  tooJs.  sef.>Tidmain   track  on 
isthmus^    buildings.  Zone  waterworks  and    sewers,   etc    18  484  300  74 

to   Panama   Railroad    Company i  631  257  34 

to    Panama    Railroad    Companv .'     l'826'683'50 

,.and  companies— Representing  expenditures 
tor  supplies  and  .service  furnished  the  Panama  Rail- 
road Company  and  other  interests  engaged  in  allied 
work,  and  for  which  collections  have  or  will  be 
made,  and  the  proceeds  thereof  deposited  in  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States  as  Miscellaneous 
^^'^^'Pts     1.950,952.28 


Loans 

Advances 
Individuals 


Pay  rolls 
Pay  rolls 

Approximate] 
construction. 


on   isthmus   for  June,    1907 
for    Washington   Office   for 

$40,000,000    will 


June,    1907. . 
be    expended 


$100,489,816.11 

■ 1,290.811.52 

12..57S.!»G 

diuing  the  year  1908  in  the  work  of 


292  '   "  The  Hague    Conference  of  1907. 

__  . — ■  ■■  ■  .— ,1  ■.  —  ■  i-i^  rfi.ii .,  j» 

^f)e  J^aQXtt  ^onitttntt  of  1907. 

^The  second  International  Peace  Consress  convened  at  The  Hague  on  June  15,  1907. 
It  consisted  of  239  delegates,  representing  forty-six  Powers.  /The  speech  of  welcome  was 
delivered  by  Dr.  Van  Tets  Van  Goudrian,  Foreign  Minister  of  the  Netherlands.  M.  Xeli- 
doff,  head  of  the  Russian  delegation,  was  chosen  President  of  the  Congress.  Many  of  the 
most  distinguished  statesmen  of  the  civilized  world  occupied  seats  as  delegates.  Among 
the  American  delegajtion  were  Joseph  H.  Choate,  Gen.  Horace  Porter,  former  Ambassador 
to  France;  David  James  Hill,  of  the  State  Department:  Rear  Admiral  Charles  S.  Sperry, 
Brig.-Gen.  George  B.  Davis,  William  I.  Buchanan,  James  Brown  Scott,  U.  M.  Rose. 
Congressman  Richard  M.  Bartholdt.  The  Congress  had  been  proposed  by  President 
Roosevelt,  and  was  convened  by  Queen  Wilhelmina  upon  the  formal  invitation  of  the 
Czar  of  Russia. 

The  work  of  the  Congress  was  divided  into  four  divisions,  as  follows: 

1.  Arbitration— President.  M.  Bourgeois.  France;  Honorary  Presidents.  Merey  Von 
Kapos-Mere.  Austria;  Sir  Edward  Fry.  England;  Ruy  Barbosa.  Brazil;  Vice-Presidents. 
Dr.   Kriege,   Germany;   Signer  Pompili,    Italy;    Senor  Esteva.   Mexico. 

2.  Land  War— Presidents.  M.  Beernaert,  Belgium,  and  M.  Asser.  Netherlands;  Hon- 
orary Presidents,  Baron  Marschall  von  Bieberstein.  Germany;  Gen.  Horace  Porter.  United 
States;  the  Marquis  de  Soveral,  Portugal;  Vice-Presidents.  Constantin  Brun,  Denmark; 
Dr.   Beldiman.   Roumania;   Dr.    Carlin,    Switzerland. 

3  Maritime  War — President.  Count  Tornlelli.  Italv:  Honorary  Presidents.  Josep^h  H. 
Choate  United  States;  Tseng-Liang,  China;  Turkhan  Bey.  Turkey;  Vice-Presidents.  Herr 
Hammarskjold,    Sweden;   Dr.    Drago,   Argentina;   Baron   d'Estournelles   de   Constant.    France. 

4.  Geneva  Convention— President,  Prof,  de  Martens,  Russia;  Honorary  Presidents,  Senor 
Don  de  Villay,  Urrutia.  Spain;  M.  Kurachi.  Japan;  Vice-Presidents,  Sir  Ernest  Satow, 
England;   Prof.   Lammasch,   Austria;   Dr.   Hagerup,   Norway. 

The  sessions  of  the  Congress,  which  were  held  in  the  Hall  of  Knights,  finally  con- 
cluded on  October  18.  after  a  long  series  of  sessions,  full  of  complicated  discussions,  at 
"Which  much  diplomacy  was  required  to  harmonize  the  interests  of  the  nations  represented. 

PROPOSED    PERMANENT    COURT    OF    ARBITRATION, 

The  one  great  principle  for  whose  permanent  establishment  the  American  delegates 
fought  from  first  to  last  was  obligatory  arbitration  and  a  Permanent  Court  of  Arbitral 
Justice.  The  idea  was  to  have  an  international  court,  easily  accessible  and  free  of  charge, 
with  judges  representing  the  various  systems  of  laws  of  the  world,  and  capable  of 
insuring  a  continuation  of  arbitration  by  jurisprudence.  The  judges  were  to  be  selected, 
so  far  as  possible,  from  the  members  of  the  Permanent  Court  of  Arbitration.  They  were 
to  serve  twelve  years  and  were  to  enjoy  diplomatic  privileges  and  immunities  while 
exercising  their  functions.  There  were  to  be  seventeen  of  the  judges,  nine  to  form  a 
quorum.  The  president  of  the  court  was  to  be  elected  every  three  years.  The  tribunal 
was  to  sit  at  The  Hague  and  was  to  meet  once  or  twice  yearly,  in  July  and  January. 
Each  party  to  a  dispute  was  .to  have  its  own  judge  to  participate  in  the  trial  of  cases 
submitted   to    the   court. 

It  became  evident,  soon  after  the  discussion  began,  that,  while  a  large  majority  of 
the  delegates  to  the  Congress  favored  some  fixed  system  of  permanent  arbitration,  the 
opinion  of  the  conference  was  not  ripe  for  a  settlement  of  the  problem.  As  early  as 
August.  M.  Nelidoff  suggested  that  the  whole  subject  be  postponed  until  the  next  Peace 
Congress,  recommending  that  the  Powers  in  the  meantime  study  the  question  from  the 
standpoint  of  universal  interest.  Germany  led  the  opposition  to  obligatory  arbitration 
In  its  final  form  of  advocacy  by  America  and  Great  Britain  on  the  basis  of  the  Portuguese 
list  of  disputes  regarding  which  it  was  proposed  to  submit  in  all  cases,  and  unreservedly, 
to  arbitration.  Austria  supported  Germany,  and  Italy,  though  disposed  to  favor  the 
American    idea,   was  forced   to  join   her  allies   against  it. 

It  was  Count  Tornielli,  of  Italy,  who  suggested  the  final  formula  of  a  declaration 
which  caused  the  postponement  till  the  next  Congress  of  definite  action  on  the  question. 
The  South  American  States,  headed  by  Brazil,  prevented  the  acceptance  of  the  plan  for 
a  new  anc}  permanently  effective  Court  of  Arbitral  Justice.  M.  Ruy  de  Barbosa  led  tl.e 
opposition.  He  took  the  position  that  in  such  a  court  all  States,  big  or  little,  weit^ 
entitled  to  an  equal  quota  of  judges.  He  and  his  South  American  colleagues  therefore  op- 
posed, with  final  success,  the  proposed  method  for  the  selection  and  distribution  of  judgos, 
which  would  have  relegated  these  States  and  others  to  a  second  or  third-rate  position  by 
only  permitting  them  to  elect  judges  In  a  certain  rotation  of  years. 

AN     INTERNATIONAL     PRIZE     COURT. 

But  if  the  United  States  was  unsuccessful  in  bringing  about  obligatory  arbitration 
and  a  permanent  Court  of  Arbitral  Justice,  it  was  at  least  partly  recompensed  by 
inducing  the  Congress  to  adopt  another  American  idea— an  International  Prize  Court. 
This  achievement  is  generally  regarded  abroad  as  the  most  Tmportant  piece  of  potenti-i!ly 
constructive  international  legislation  produced  bv  the  Congress.  As  now  constituted,  this 
is  a  far  more  solid  and  tangible  body  than  the  Permanent  Court  of  Arbitration,  which  was 
the  work  of  the  Conference  of  ISiMt.  That  court  was.  as  M.  de  Martens,  the  distinguished 
Holland  delegate  put  it.   "a  mere  list  of  available  judges." 

The  Prize  Court  plan,  as  finally  adopted  by  the  Conference  and  embodied  in  a  "con- 
vention." provides  for  a  working  bench  of  fifteen  judges,  determines  the  method  of  their 
election  by  the  forty-six  Powers  represented  at  the  Conference,  and  lavs  down  the  conditions 
under  which  an  appeal  may  be  made  to  the  Court  in  case  of  war.  it  is  said  in  regard  to 
the  "convention"  that  it  has  not  yet  been  signed  by  anv  of  the  Great  Powers,  and  as  to 
Great  Britain,  some  doubt  is  expressed  if  she  will  sign  until  the  Powers  shall  have  reached 
an  agreement  on  a  code  of  laws  of  maritime  warfare  for  the  Prize  Court  to  apply,     Thg 


'The  ITagne    Conference  of  1907 \  293 

THE    HAGUE    C0NFP:RENCP:    of    \\)01-CouUnucd. 

"convention"    comes    before    the    present    session    of    the    United    States    Congress,    and   will 
be  submitted  to  the  German.    Austro-Hungarian  and  French  Parliaments. 

THIRTEEN  "CONVENTIONS"  APPROVED. 

The  completed  results  of  the  sittings  of  the  Peace  Congress  were  embodied  in  thirteen 
"conventions."  as  follows: 

1.  The  peaceful  regulation  of  international  conflicts.  ^ 

2.  Providing  for  an  International   Prize  Court. 

3.  Regulating  the  rights  and  duties  of  neutrals  on  land, 

4.  Regulatmg  the  rights  and   duties  of  neutrals  at  sea. 

5.  Covering   the   laying  of  submarine  mines. 

6.  The  bombardment  of  towns   from   the   sea, 

7.  The  matter  of  the  collection   of  contractual  debts. 

8.  The   transformation   of   merchantmen   into  warships. 

9.  The  treatment  of  captured  crews. 

10.  The  inviolability  of  fishing  boats. 

11.  The   inviolability  of   the  postal   service. 

12.  The  application  of  the  Geneva  Convention  and  the  Red  Cross  to  sea  warfare,  and 
V,\.  The  laws  and  customs  regulating  land  warfare 

The  right  to  sign  these  "conventions"  will  be  open  until  June  30,   IOCS. 

Great  Britain  has,  for  the  present,  refused  to  accept  the  decisions  of  the  Third  Com- 
mittee on   the  rights  and  duties  of  neutrals  in  maritime  warfare. 

The  decisions  of  the  Fourth  Committee  have  left  open  the  question  of  the  conversion 
of  merchantmen  into  warships  on  the  high  seas  by  belligerents.  Germany  has  reserved 
her  rights  in  regard  to  the  convention  on  "days  of  grace"  and  the  circumstances  in  which 
merchantmen  may  be  seized  on  the  outbreak  of  war.  The  special  convention  on  "Certain 
Restrictions  ui)on  the  Exercise  of  the  Right  of  Capture  in  Maritime  War"  is  limited  to  the 
inviolability  of  postal  correspondence,  the  exemption  of  fishing  boats,  under  certain  condi- 
tions, from  capture,  and  the  treatment  of  captured  crews  of  merchantmen,  neutral  or  hostile. 

The  foU'-nving  joint  prupositions  of  America,  Russia,  Italy,  Spain  and  Holland  were 
embodied   in   conventions: 

1.  The  commander  of  a  fleet  must  spare  historical  monuments,  churches,  and  buildings 
used  for  artistic,  scientific,  or  benevolent  purposes,  and  hospitals,  on  the  condition  that 
they  are  not  used  for  military  purposes,  and  are  designated  by  special  signs,  which  must 
be  displayed  by  the  inhabitants. 

2.  Before  be.ginning  the  bombardment  of  a  town  the  commander  of  a  fleet  must  do  all 
in  his  power  to  inform  the  authorities  of  the  town  of  his  intention. 

.'{.   Pillage  is  forbidden,   even  in  a  town  or  locality  taken  by  assault. 

4.  The  bombardment  of  undefended  ports,  towns,  villages,  or  buildings  is  forbidden, 
but  any  military  work  existing  in  otherwise  undefended  places  can  be  bombarded  if  the 
local   authorities  refuse   to  destroy   it. 

r».  Undefended  places  can  be  bombarded  if  they  refuse  to  furnish  a  fleet  with  necessary 
provisions. 

6.  The  bombardment  of  a  town  or  village  for  refusal  to  pay  a  ransom  is  prohibited. 

THE    DRAGO    DOCTRINE. 

The  Drago  doctrine,  formulated  by  Dr.  Drago,  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  as  to  the 
collection  of  public  debts  by  force  w^as  presented  to  the  Congress  by  its  author  in  the 
shape  of  a  provision  that  "In  the  coHection  of  public  debts  the  debts  must  be  claimed  in 
the  ordinary  courts  of  the  debtor  country."  As  finally  framed  in  a  Convention,  through 
the  initiative  and  efforts  of  Gen.  Horace  Porter,  of  the  American  delegation,  the  great 
principle  has  at  last  been  definitely  established  that  public  debts  must  not  he  collected 
by  force,  except  as  a  last  resort.     Speaking  of  the  accomplishment.   General   Porter  said: 

"We  were  confronted  by  two  .great  difficulties.  One  was  the  desire  of  creditor  nations 
to  employ  force;  the  other  was  the  reluctance  of  debtor  nations  to  recognize  the  right  of 
using  force  for  this  purpose  under  any  circumstances.  My  proposition  was  a  compromise. 
It  absolutely  forbade  the  employment  of  force  for  this  purpose  until  after  arbitration 
should  have  been  refused  or  after  an  arbitral  award  had  been  set  at  naught. 

"After  patient  discussion  I  had  the  supreme  satisfaction  of  seeing  my  proposition 
accepted  unanimously.     This  is  a  result  of  which  America  may  well  be  proud." 

GENERAL,    RESULTS. 

The  general  results  of  the  Con.gress.  with  the  notable  part  taken  by  America  in  bringing 
them  about,    are   thus  summarized   for  THE   WORLD  by  Gen.    Porter: 

"Its  great  achievement  has  been  to  push  for\\'ard  in  every  department  of  international 
life  American  principles  It  has  affirmed  in  many  directions  the  rights  of  neutrals  against 
those  of  belligerents.  It  has  placed  restrictions  upon  the  use  of  floating  mines,  which 
have  been  a  menace  to  the  commerce  of  the  whole  world,  without  impairing  the  ri.srht  of 
nations  at  war  to  use  anchored  mines  for  self-defence.  It  has  peremptorily  forbidden  the 
bombarding  of  undefended  seacoast  towns  and  villages.  It  has  prohibited  the  levying  of 
contributions  by  threat  of  bombarding.  It  has  done  much  to  strengthen  security  a.gainst 
the  atrocities  which  often  occur  in  war.  It  has  shielded  the  non-combatant.  It  has 
strengthened  the  provisions  for  the  relief  of  the  wounded.  It  has  taken  strict  precautions 
against  a  revival  of  privateering  in  naval  war  by  insisting  that  when  merchant  vessels 
are  convprted  into  cruisers  thev  shall  be  formally  enrolled  on  the  naval  list  and  placed 
in  command  of  a  duly  commissioned  naval  officer,  with  a  crew  subject  to  naval  discipline. 
Such  questions  as  contraband  of  war  and  blockade,  though  no  a.greement  was  reached,  and 
on  every  important  question  which  came  before  us  we  have  made  a  .erreat  and  truly  mar- 
vellous advance  toward  an  a.arreement  on  more  civilized  lines.  So  great,  indeed,  has  been 
the  growth  of  international  sentiment  that  it  is  probable  that  at  the  conference  of  the 
leading  naval  Powers  which  Ene:!and  intends  to  summon  in  1!>0S  we  shall  find  ourselves 
able  to  settle  some  ciuesti<ins  which  have  been  a  source  of  difference  for  a  hundred  years. 
It  was  America  that  proi)osed  the  Permanent  Court  of  Arbitral  .Tustice— not  a  mei-e  court 
of  arbitration,  but  a  judicial  court  composed  of  the  ablest  jurists  of  all  nations,  repre- 
senting all  systems  of  law  and  all  languages.  This  project,  although  it  was  described  ^^ 
a  ^oint  Anglo-American-German  proposal,  was  substantially  Amerigar). 


294  Cuban  Occupation  in  1907^ 

■^— »—     111.     M  ■  II  ■  -      I.—  I.  I  ,.      I  ■      ■  -— ,      ■  ..    I.  ■-        . ....        I  I        I       I    I  11^ Wl "_~t 

Cutjan  <©ccupaticjn  in  1907* 

The  military  occupation  of  Cuba  by  the  United  States,  which  began  in  1906,  has  con- 
tinued without  interruption  during  1907.  A  military  government  with  a  civil  head  was 
maintained,  ^ov.  Charles  E.  Magoon,  appointed  October  13,  IDOG,  is  the  administrative 
head,  and  the  list  of  assiistants  named  upon  his  accession  to  this  position  is  unchanged. 

The  restoration  of  conditions  to  such  a  state  as  will  permit  the  withdrawal  of  .\meri- 
can  troops  and  the  resumption  of  control  by  an  independent  Cuban  Government  is  slowly 
progressing.  It  is  already  self-evident  that  American  occupation  will  continue  for  at  least 
another  year.     This  is  said  to  meet  the  warm  approval  of  business  and  financial  interests. 

The  most  important  work  of  the  year  was  the  taking  of  a  census  in  Cuba,  on  which 
will  be  based  future  municipal,  State  and  national  elections  looking  to  the  final  re-urgani/;a- 
tion  of  a  home  government.  The  enumeration  began  October  1  and  was  concluded  November 
14.  The  tabulation  of  the  returns  and  compilation  of  results  will  consume  several  snonths 
and  no  election  under  this  census  will  be  held  till  a  time   this  year  yet  to  be  designated. 

Another  important  step  was  the  appointment  by  Governor  Magoon  of  an  Advisoi-y  Coia- 
niission  to  arrange  plans  for  reforming  the  judicial  systems  of  the  Island  and  suggesting 
changes  in  municipal  and  provisional  governments.  This  Commission  has  formulated  a 
satisfactory  plan  of  national  sanitation  by  which  all  the  work  of  health  preservation  and 
cleanliness  will  be  taken  from  the  local  bodies  and  centred  under  Federal  jurisdiction. 
This  is  considered  an  advanced  step  in  the  direction  of  guaranteeing  future  immunity  from 
>ellow   fever  and  other  epidemics. 

AMERICAN    TROOPS   IN    CUBA. 

About  6,000  American  troops  remain  in  Cuba.  This  force  is  composed  of  the  same  de- 
tachments sent  there  at  the  outbreak  of  disturbances  in  190G.  It  was  not  found  necessary 
dv.ring  1907  to  call  out  any  portion  of  this  force  to  quell  disturbances  or  outbreaks.  The 
Rural  Guards  were  able  to  control  all  disorders,  which  have  chiefly  arisen  through  cattle- 
stealing   and   similar   breaches    of   the   peace. 

Two  strikes  of  considerable  magnitude  occurred  in  Cuba  during  the  year.  The  cigar- 
makers  struck  for  payment  in  American  money,  and  their  demands  were  granted.  Rail- 
road employees  struck  for  wages  in  American  money  and  an  eight-hour  day.  The  em- 
ployers were  willing  to  grant  payment  in  American  money,  but  said  an  eight-hour  day 
would  cause  complications  with  connecting  lines.     This  matter  is  pending  adjustment. 

All  legislation  in  Cuba  during  the  year  was  effected  by  decree  of  the  Governor.  No 
legislative  body  was  sitting,  although  the  Senate  retains  its  vitality,  but  agreed  not  to 
ivsume  its  sessions  during  American  occupation. 

It  is  expected  that  all  the  expenses  of  American  occupation  will  be  paid  from  the 
Cuban  revenues,  but  this  is  a  matter  resting  largely  in  the  discretion  of  President  Roosevelt. 
Congi-ess  in  1907  placed  a  clause  in  the  Army  Appropriation  bill  authorizing  the  President 
to  reimburse  this  Government  for  all  the  expenses  of  Cuban  occupation,  provided  the  Island 
revenues  are  adequate  for  the  purpose  after  paying  Governmental  outlays  at  home.  Vt> 
to  this  time  no  reimbursement  has  been  made.  All  surplus  revenues  have  been  utilized  in 
building  roads,  public  hospitals  and  other  improvements.  If  this  continues  until  the  trooi)s 
are  withdrawn  and  an  independent  home  government  is  re-established  there  will  be  no 
reimbursement.  The  expense  of  American  occupation  exceeded  $1,000,000  for  1907,  although 
the  expenditures  are  much  less  than  in  the  previous  year.  There  were  no  transportations 
of  troops,  building  of  new  quarters  or  repairs.  The  pay  departments  of  the  Army.  Navy 
and  Marine  Corps  expended  about  $30,000  a  month  extra  on  account  of  the  men  being  on 
foreign  service. 

THE  PURPOSE  OF  AMERICAN  OCCUPATION. 

The  purpose  of  the  American  occupation  and  the  progress  being  made  were  thus  summed 
up  by  Secretary  of  War  Taft  and  Assistant  Secretary  of  State  Bacon  in  reporting  on  their 
mission   as    Special    Commissioners   to   Cuba: 

"We  went  to  Cuba  for  the  purpose  of  securing  peace.  When  we  went  we  knew  the 
Island  was  divided  between  two  hostile  and  armed  forces,  and  we  desired  to  avoid  a 
conflict  between  them  for  the  reason  that  it  would  cause  loss  of  life  to  the  Cubans  and 
a  great  destruction  of  property,  a  large  part  of  which  belonged  to  American  citizens,  and 
it  would  necessarily  require  the  intervention  of  American  troops  and  the  expenditure  of 
American  lives  and  treasure.  If  the  insurrectionary  habit  persists,  if  again  the  Cubans 
divide  into  armed  forces,  the  strong  hand  of  our  Government  will  have  to  be  imposed  at 
whatever  cost  to  life  and  proi)erty,  and  pernlanent  peace  should  then  ensue,  because  it 
would   be  of  our  own   keeping. 

"We  hope,  however,  that  no  such  drastic  remedy  will  be  needed  and  that  the  lesson 
taught  in  this  recent  experience  of  the  evil  of  unjust  methods  in  elections  will  not  l)e 
without  its  warning  to  future  governments  in  Cuba.  With  the  passage  of  pi-oper  laws  f(ir 
municipal  governments,  for  elections,  and  for  the  independence  of  the  judiciary,  and  with 
the  holding  of  a  fair  election  under  the  auspices  of  the  United  States  for  the  vacancies 
effected  in  accordance  with  the  compromise  recommended,  we  are  very  hopeful  that  the 
Cuban  Republic  may  be  restored  on  even  a  more  permanent  basis  than  that  which  she 
enjoyed  during  four  years  of  prosperity  under  President  Palma." 

In  the  Autumn  of  1!>07  rumors  emanated  from  Havana  that  a  serious  uprising  against 
American  authority  was  contemplated.  Nothing  developed.  It  was  then  declared  that 
many  prominent  American  financiers  and  business  men  were  fomenting  this  proposed 
revolution  in  order  that  American  occupation  might  be  made  permanent.  At  the  time  of 
the  uprising  against  President  Palma  and  his  government  it  was  declared  that  leading 
Americans  had  furnished  funds  to  the  revolutionists  so  as  to  precipitate  intervention,  thus 
securing  a  stable  government  under  which  business  enterprises  might  be  better  advanced 
nnd  protected.  The  first  cablegram  sent  by  President  Roosevelt  to  Secretary  Taft  after 
his  arrival  In  Havana,  dated  .September  20.  iO()(*>.  was  "Is  it  possible  to  institute  investiga- 
tions to  see  what  Americans,  if  any.  have  been  furnishing  funds  to  the  revolutionists?" 
After  making  inquiries,  Mr.  Taft  leplied:  "It  is  quite  evident  that  no  .\merican  interests 
in   New    Yoik    or   elsewhere    have    initiated    movement   or    contributed    to    its    success." 

Similar  denials  were  given  out  when  the  charge  was  renewed  in  the  Autupm  of  3907 
that  American  interests  were  supplying  money  for  future  uprisings. 


^^ ^'Ag  A^gjito  I>o7nhu/o  Treaty.  ^0 5 

RATIFIED     BY     THE     INITEI)     STATES     SEXATE     FEBRL'-VRY    2^)      1^07 
„i.i.        v!'"''''^^V°"'"'"^    disturbed    political    conditions    in    the    Dominican    Renubllo    debts     in, I 
elains   have   been    created,    .some  by   regular  and    so.ne    by   rovolXonary  "Xr.   nents     n,a    v 

or  face  vaiuef ""''^  "'   '"*'*''"'  "''  "^  ''''''^   ^"^  amounting  in  all   to  ove"^  f.^SoS  nom^^^^^^^ 

And,    whereas.    The   same   conditions  have  prevented   the   peaceable   and   continuous   col 
lectiun   and   application    of   national   revenues    for   payment   of   interest   or   m-fncinalof%nh 
debs    or    for    liqmdation    and    settlement    of    such    claims;    and    the    iid    debts ^andclfhns 
nf   M?l"n  ^'    "'>'''''^^^   by    accretion    of    interest    and    are    a    grievous    burden    upon    the    p.o     e 
ot   the   Dom mean  RepubUc  and  a  barrier  to   their   improvelnent   and  prosperity  ^      ' 

And.    whereas,    the    Dominican    Government    has    now    effected    a    condit'ional'   3din<5tmont- 

fo"ic1.'ep 'St  nl  4i?7  000 'fo,^"l'ebf  "^'"^H  T^"'  "^'^^  ^''  it.  forll|n'cre^dUors"havi"lSerd 
lo  accept  aoout  !t.l^,-40(,000  for  debts  and  claims  amount  ng   to  about  $21  184  000  of  nomina 

t'^f'vt,''^^'',^'  ^"^  the  holders  of  internal  debts  or  claims  of  about  $2,028  238  non?i?ia  or 
tace    \alue    have   agreed    to    accept    about   $645,827    therefor,    and    the    remainin-    hoTdeis    of 

^9  !nn  nan  1'>,'^  °^^  ^^^'"i^  2"   ^^«   ^^'"^   '^^^^^  ^^  the  assents  kh-eadygivervviU   receive  abouf 

.>2.400.000    therefor,    which    sum    the    Dominican    Government    has    fixed    and    determfned    as 

he   amount   which    it   will   pay   to   such  remaining   internal    debt-holders     makfna-  The    tot ^1 

d?n  "an'"Re„"ub\.  ."IT",'"?  ""  '"?  "J""^"'  of  credlto™  from  Soms  feveiues  of  "  e 
ment  lo  be  ?dKhp1  fh.tt'",°i°,''h  ««"<"':  "/t".  Payn.ent  of  the  expenses  of  such  adju,  - 
Sit  of  the  to'i'P'V^i'vlV,f„'i,,!S-  ,^,'',1^'"'^".'  °'  "'''?  ""i"*  ""''  =""■"=  1=  adjusted  and.  second, 

anoe'^'ot'    ^he"t?l•ted'"etat1°-^f  tlfi''   ■",?",!"  <=™<l"l<>ned  and  dependent    upon   the   asslst- 

Em-SSo^^S^CI^'-iSxi  rV^  |.^"Mfn,Sef ;?  I."at  ^f^S.  Ke,at,ons. 
H  and  t hi  United  ^^flTnZ  °^  ^^^\^  ^°^  Finance  and  Commerce,  Federico  Velasquez 
Resident  and  C^Ssul  Genfrif  o?  the' T^nft"^^  represented  by  Thomas  C.  Dawson,  Minister 
^esiaent^ana  Vi"^"^  f^f,?!"' f  °/  *,ht  V"^-?'^.^o^.^^^  ^°  ^^^  Domin-ican  Republic,  have  agreed: 
Dominican    Ctstom?    who     wfth^n.h"'^''*^-  ^^^l^^r,^^'^.'^    appoint    a    General     Receix'er    of" 

Government  in  accordance  with  th^  r.T.rf  o„?        /    .^^^  .^"   bonds   issued   by   the   Dominican 
nete.nt,efore    ...^S^S^  "k^d  'J^^en^^^a",  Tec^r  'li^^X^"?^ iV^'S  ^Lt^^ll 

upon^Sd  b°onSf"tlird%f?hf'Hlv?™en'l^f",hrj='''''',='™"<'-    '»  ""■  P'"''"^"'   "f  '""^■■"' 

skvrd%sss5n'rxsZt''4  S 

?e'n,IKde°/.o=t>  p^a?d"t  tW  S?r.,£Fi££t'-'   --S-^  o'o^tSliy^-fff.rT^ 

On  the  first  day  of  S  calendar  m on ^hfy,.^  '"^'"^I"'.^,"..  between  the  two  Governments. 
Receiver  to  the  FisLrAgent  of  the  l^an  a nH%hr'"  of  $100,000  shall  be  pa.id  over  by  the 
month  shall  be  paid  over  to  the  DomininU  r?.  ^  renmining  collection  of  the  last  preceding 

l^  n^.I^-nori^,f4"^    thrs^u.;^of^S00%'0^0:'^  ^-^^ver   shall 


$;],060  0067hairbrapp Hed'^rthe  Sit&^^^^^^  °^  i^^    ^l^''^^^^    above -suc:K  '  lum    of 

II      The   Dominican    r'r;,^.;^^     ^\'^^''?=  Fund  for  the  redemption  of  bonds. 

duties   to   the   General    Recehe^^"^                              ''''   '^^'    ^*''   """  Payment   of  all    customs 

and    assistance    and    full    SrotlctiontJtbt^^'^''"^-  ^^"?   '^'^'^   ^'^'^  to   them    all    needful   aid 

United    States    will    gUe    to    the    r?ner.i    tI.''''^^"^    °^ 'l^-  PO^^ers.  The    Government    of    the 

may   find^to   be  req?ilue*Vr^th?'ner'foV^«"',T"'.  ^{^^,.^!f...^!!^^  ^^^'^    protection    as    it 


debt  its  public  debt  shal  not  be  i^^r.^i  P""'^  the  whole  amount  of  the  bonds  of  the 
Dominican  Governmenfand  the  &n"ed  St?^^er'?S-L-''  previous  agreement  between  the 
modify   the   import   duties      t  befn^/ an   f^^i  •  k^    'il^e    agreement    shall    be    necessary    to 

duties  that  the  Dominfcin  Exec.ftiv^  indispensable  condition  for  the  modification  of  such 
States    recognize  Ih^t^nthfSrtfevnT^^  and    that    the    President    of   the    United 

and  the  likl  character  durin-  tht  t  vo  v..  Ji^'^^^'^S?  ''"1  ""po'-tations  to  the  like  amount 
such  modification,  the  total"  net  cVrstomfL?!?''^'^'"^'^  ^}'^^  ^"  '^'^^^^  ■*  is  desired  to  make 
have  been  for  each  of  such  wo  lears  fn  !J  ''^'''^.u''^"^^  ^^  ^"^h  altered  rates  of  duties 
Section  IV  pioviLs  for  the^verffic«t?^T^'il'^^  •''^'"  of  $2,000,000  United  States  gold, 
the  two  countries  verification  of  the  accounts  by  the  appropriate  officeis  o£ 


296 


The  Armed  Strength  of  the    "World. 


K\)t  .^rmrtr  ^trtnstij  of  tijc   SSIotltr. 

CoMi'i  LKD  from  tho  latest  available  data.    Por  the  Army  aud  JS'avy  of  the  United  States,  see  pages 
devoted  tliereto.     [Consult  Index.  ] 

LAND  FORCES  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  STATES  OF  EUROPE,  AND  OF  JAPAN; 
ALSO  OF  THE  SECOf^iDARY  STATES  OF  EUROPE,  ASIA  AND  AMERICA. 


Countries. 

(ii'iinan  \' .... 

I'raiice 

Kussia 

Austria- 

Ituiigarv.. 

Italy 

(.ireat  Biilaiii. 

.lapan 

Spain 

Uelginm 

Netlierlands. . 

Denmark 

Sweden 

r^orway 

Portu.^al 

Bnlgaria 

Servia 

Rouniaiiia 


A  uil.'ible  ' 

for  .\clive 

Iteserve.-.* 

Se  vi.  e. 

,    613.000C 

1,227.000 

5l.'9,tKlO 

7til,(iOO 

1,1U0,0U0 

700,000 

'    409  000 

381.000 

240,1)00 

390,000 

2»i.i.000a 

487 .000' 

1    220,000 

380,000 

i::il,OOOC 

180,000 

4!*  700 

93.300 

34..>}0rf 

6,-510 

14,000 

36,000 

62,;):i6 

278,295 

HO  ,000 

125,000 

40.000r 

84,000 

5-2,600 

312,500 

27,000 

198,000 

loti.OOO 

34.000 

Tot..l 

Avail.iliie 

War 

for  Duty 

Str.-ngih. 

Unorg.  t 

1,840,000 

5,500,000 

1,290,000 

3,500,000 

1,'400,000 

9,600,000 
4,700,000 

790,000 

630,000 

3,000.0o0 

7.50,000 

4,000,000 

600,000 

5.000,000 

310,000 

1,850,000 

143,000 

700,000 

126,055 

500  000 

50,000 

270,000 

340,831 

260,000 

155,000 

100,000 

124,000 

475,000 

365.000 

125,000 

225,000 

80,000 

170,000 

550,000 

COLNTEIKS. 


Switzerland . 

Turkey 

Greece 

C'hina 

Mexico 

Urazil 

Arircntine ... 

i-hik' 

ll'ern 

Vcncv.iiela... 

Bolivia 

C  )lomhia 

Costa  Rica... 

'h;cnador 

Jsalyudor 

iJS'icarasua... 

iUruguaj' 

Haiti 


Available 


tor  Aitive 

Ueservi's* 

Service. 

143.000^' 

135,000 

3.50,000/ 

495,000 

25,000'/ 

25  000 

60,000/t 

500,000/. 

26,595 

82,000 

25, COO 

75,000j 

18,(;{0 

4fe2.0(.0 

15  (.00 

50,000/ 

4.01  0 

10.000/ 

9.6(  0 

20,00  Ij 

2,4::o 

176,158 

5,('ii0 

200,000/,- 

1,000 

5,000 

4,379 

90,000 

3,000 

18. ('00 

4,0(0 

36,000 

5.800 

35.000 

7,000 

•  •  •  • 

Total 
War 

Strength 


278,000 

845,000 

50,000 

560,000 

10«.595 

100,000 1 

500, 000 1 

65,0001 

14,000i 

29,600j 

178,588' 

:i05,000| 

6.0001 

94,379 

21,000 

40,000 

40,800 

7,000 


Available 
for  Duty 
L  iiorg.t 

125  000 

2,000,000 
230,000 

1,500,(100 
2.0')0,0(i0 


*Except  as  to  some  of  the  principal  and  a  few  of  the  minor  States,  it  is  df)ul}tfitl  whether  the 
numbers  given  of  the  reserves  or  auxiliary  forces  could  be  mobilized  and  made  edective  wiihin  a 
consideia.le  ])eriod  of  time.  tTh(»se  estimates  of  unorsanized  f(  rce  ate  based  on  the  presumption 
that  about  12  percent,  of  tlie  male  population  is  of  the  military  age.  From  these  estimate's,  the 
oreanized  forces  are  deducted,  aincludiug  tlie  Indian  army  (76, 8S3)  and  Colonial  troops  (59,478). 
^Militia  and  Volunteei-s.  cExclusiveof  troops  in  the  Colonies  and  in  Africa.  dExclusive  of  the 
Colonial  army,  36,599  officei-s  and  men.  (jNaioiial  militia,  available  for  immediate  service.  /Ex- 
cluding foictis  of  States  or  Territories  only  nominally  subject  to  the  Sultan.  f/Army  now  being 
reorganized.  ASix  divisions,  about  10,000  inen  each,  of  a  National  army  already  organized;  36 
such  divisions  contemplated,  i  Provincial  nrijanizatioi's-;  number  estimated  upon  best  information 
available.  ./Estimated  in  absence  of  reliable  information,  ^■l!;stimated.  JS'o  reserve  organized,  but 
every  able-bodied  citizen  is  subject  to  military  service. 

The  system  of  small  peace  effectives  and  large  reserves,  conjoined  -n-ith  that  of 
tiniversal  military  service,  as  distinct  from  the  "conscription"  -which  formerly  obtained, 
l-as  been  adopted  by  almost  every  country  in  Europe,  and  by  Japan.  No  payinent  of 
substitutes  is  now  permitted,  and  exemptions  are  confined  to  students  of  the  learned  pro- 
fessions, young-  men  who  are  the  sole  support  of  their  families,  or  who  have  a  brother 
already  serving,  and  the  like.  Conscription  of  the  old  type  now  exists  only  in  a  few  of 
the  minor  European  countries. 


NAVIES    OF    THE    WORLD. 


POWSBS. 


Qi-eat  Britain 

United  States 

(iermany 

France 

Ja|>an 

Itussia 

Italy 

Austria- Hungary 

Sweden 

Norway 

Demiiarlc 

Netherlands 

Si>ain 

I'ortugal 

Turkey 

Greece 

China 

Siani 

Argentine 

Bi-azil 

Chile 

Mexico 


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fl  • 

6 

f  f 

2 

.. 

o 

o 
•a 


86 

40 

36 

9 

4 

323 

50 

64 

5 

68 

33 

74 

6 

34 

i 

21 

(-» 

/ 

,  , 

25 

1 

i 

•• 

i 

•• 

26 

1 

13 

6 

;; 

4,i;.5."> 
2,550 

2, ;  ;15 

3,500 

3.440 

3,:'.38 

1,799 

800 

402 

280 

380 

510 

700 

250 

929 

350 


493 
650 
,500 
200 


V 


95.000 
38.500 
44,432 
53,000 
32.640 
57,0  0 
25  t)00 
11  224 
3,500 

l.<iO;> 

4.000 
8.000 
5.000 
3.000 
30.0<M) 
3,700 

5,000 
5.  .507 
8  OOO 
8.000 


Armed  Strength  of  the  World.  297 


ARMED  STRENGTH  OF  THE  WORLH— Continued. 


Tile  net  cost  of  the  British  Army  and  its  operations,  according  to  estimates  for  li)()7-08 
'^^'  .  ,>^.,'!"*H"5  '••J  *lf^'^.'^'J<J-WU,   while  the  cost  of  maintaining  the  Navy  will  approximate  *1(J0.- 
(10(1,000       rhe    Lnited    Stales    Army    budget    for    the    past    fiscal     year    amounted    to    over 


COST  OF  MAINTAINING  ARMIES  AND  NAVIES. 

if  the  British  Army  and  its  operations,  according  to  esti 
{8,.S00.000,   while  the  cost  of  maintaining  the  Navy  will  £ 

^  ,  ted    Stales    Army    budget    for    the    past    fiscal     year    a .„    

^Uio. 000,000,  and  for  the  Navy  over  $104,000,000.  The  military  expenditure  of  the  German 
i^mpire  entered  in  the  budget  for  lUO(i-OT  amounted  in  all  to  $200,000,000,  while  the  estimate 
for  the  Navy  was  $(38,000,000.  The  estimated  cost  of  maintaining  the  French  Army  in  i:J07 
is  $1S!»,000.000.  and  the  Navy  $(i.j,000,000.  Italy,  during  the  present  fiscal  year,  expects 
to  spend  $;>0,000,000  on  her  Navy,  and  a  still  larger  sum  on  the  Army.  Russia  spent 
$^0,000,000  for  upbuilding  her  Navy  in  1!)07,  and  Austro-Hungary  $0,000,000.  Previous  to 
the  war  with  Russia  the  military  expenditure  of  Japan  was  less  than  $25,000,000.  .  The  ex- 
penditure during  the  war  from  October,  lOOy,  to  May,  1005,  amounted  to  $.500,000,000  for  the 
Army  and  $00,000,000  for  the  Navy,  Since  then  the  annual  military  expenditure  amounts 
to  between  $35,000,000  and  $40,000,000,  but  this  is  Increasing. 

RELATIVE  EFFICIENCY  OF  NAVIES. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy  Metcalf.  in  his  annual  report.  December  1,  1007,  made  the  follow- 
ing statement  of  the  relative  efficiency  of  the  principal   nations  of  the  world: 

WHEN   VESSKI.S  NOW  BUILDING  ARE 


AT  PRESENT. 


COMPLETED 


Nation.  Tonnage. 

Great  Britain. 1,821, 610 

France    8.3(i,112 

United  States.     771,758 


Nation.  Tonnage. 

Japan     451,;{20 

Russia     320,040 

Italy     288,43:j 

Austria   116,235 


Nation.  Tonnage.   '  Nation.  Tonnage. 

Great   Britain.  1,633. 116 J.apan    374,701 

United   States.    611,616  Russia   232,943 

France    609,070 1'.aly     207,623 

Germany    529, 032!  Austria   113,235 1 1  Germany   680,602 

The  Secretary  made  the  following  comments:  It  is  true  that  our  Navy  at  the  present 
time  is  the  second  in  efficiency.  Our  position,  however,  is  largely  due  to  the  fact  that 
during  the  last  fiscal  year  our  sea  strength  and  fighting  efficiency  have  been  increased  by 
the  completion  and  deliv'ery  of  a  number  of  new  battleships  and  cruisers  of  the  largest 
and  most  approved  type,  but  we  will  not  maintain  this  position  very  long  unless  Congress 
shall  authorize  the  building  of  additional  ships.  It  is  of  the  highest  importance  that  old 
and  practically  obsolete  ships  be  replaced  by  ships  of  the  newest  type.  It  is  pretty  generally 
conceded  that  the  battleship  is  the  fighting  machine,  and  it  is  also  jiretty  generally  conceded 
that  the  most  effective  battleship  is  the  all-big-gun  ship  of  the  Delaware  type.  As  com- 
pared with  other  naval  powers,  we  are  deficient  in  destroyers  and  submarines,  and  are 
also  woefully  deficient   in   colliers. 

I  have  given  the  most  careful  consideration  to  the  reports  of  both  boards,  and  earnestly 
recommend  that  Congress  authorize,  at  its  coming  session,  the  construction  of  the  follow- 
ing vessels: 

Approximate 

Number  and  Class.  Unit  Cost.  Total  Cost. 

' Four  battleships   (Delaware  class)    '.•...  $9,500,000  $38,000,000 

Four   scout  cruisers   (Chester  class) 2,500,000  10,000.000 

Ten  destroyers    850.000  8,-500.000 

Four  submarines    380,000  1,520.000 

One  ammunition  ship   1.7.50.000  1.750.0(Ht 

One  repair  ship   2,000,000  2,000,000 

Two  mine-laying  ships   250.000  500,00(» 

Four  fleet  colliers ' 1,750,000  7,000.000 


Total $69,270,000 


THE    MARINE   CORPS. 


The  Commandant  of  the  ISlarine  Corps  is  responsible  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  for  the  general 
efficieucj'  and  discipline  of  the  corps;  make  such  distribution  of  officers  and  men  lor  duty  at  the  sev- 
eral shore  stations  as  shall  appear  to  him  to  be  most  advantageous  for  the  interest  of  the  service, 
furnishes  guards  for  vessels  of  the  Navy,  according  to  the  standard  s-cale  of  allowance,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Nav3',  issues  orders  for  the  movement  of  officers  and  troops,  and 
such  other  orders  and  instructions  for  their  guidance  as  maybe  necessary,  and  has  charge  and  exer- 
cises general  supervision  and  control  of  the  recruiting  service  of  the  corps  and  of  the  necessary  ex- 
penses thereof,  including  the  establishment  of  recruiting  officers. 


BUREAU    OF    NAVIGATION. 


Thedutiesof  the  Bureau  of  Navigation  of  the  Navy  Department  comprise  all  that  relates  to  the 
promulgation,  recoi'd,  and  enforcement  of  the  Secretary's  orders  to  the  fleets  and  to  the  officers  of 
theNavv,  except  such  orders  as  pertain  to  the  office  or  the  Secretary;  the  education  of  officers  and 
men,  including  the  Naval  Academy  and  teclmical  schools  for  officers  (except  the  War  College  and 
Torpedo  School),  the  apprentice  establishment,  and  schools  for  the  teclmical  education  of  enlisted 
*raen,  and  to  the  supervision  and  control  of  the  Naval  Home,  Philadeli)hia;  the  enlistment  and 
dischars-eof  all  enlisted  persons,  including  appointed  petty  officers  for  general  and  special  service. 
It  controls  a'l  rendezvous  and  receiving  ships,  and  provides  transportutioii  for  all  enlisted  persons 
and  appointed  petty  oflicers;  establishes  the  complement  of  the  crews  of  all  vessels  in  commission; 
keeps  the  records  of  service  of  all  squadrons,  ships,  officers,  and  men,  and  pri'pares  tll^'  anrmal  Naval 
Register  for  publication;  has  under  its  direction  the  pveparation,  revision  «.nd  enlorceinewt  of  jail 
*«oiic<*,  6.viii  l><?<?teH,si«u«til  ccfli^s^cijpbe*"  codes,  mini  tbe  wuifr^riM  re^u>H.U«M4i, 


298  The  Initiative  and  Beferendum. 


The  political  institutions  known  as  Initiative  and  Referendum  are  those  by  which 
the  body  of  t/he  electorate  may  initiate  measures  to  be  enacted  by  their  own  vote  into 
laws,  and  by  which  laws  enacted  by  the  Legislatures  are  referred  to  and  approved  and 
rejected  by  the  people.  The  first  appearance  of  these  propositions  was  in  Switzerland 
about  the  sixteenth  century,  but  made  great  strides  there  in  recent  j-ears,  being  in  effect 
in  every  canton  except  Freiburg.  The  Referendum  may  be  divided  into  Referendums  of 
(a)  entire  constitutions,  (b)  amendments  to  constitutions,  (c)  of  laws  affecting  the  \vhole 
btate,  and  (d)  of  laws  affecting  parts  of  States  or  localities  only. 

REFERENDUMS    OF    WHOLE    CONSTITUTIOXS. 

Massachusetts  in  1778  was  the  first  State  to  refer  its  whole  constitution  to  popular 
approval,  followed  closely  by  New  Hampshire  (1783j,  Connecticut  (1818J,  and  Maine  U^liM, 
Rhode  Inland  (1824,  rejected).  New  Yoi-k  (the  first  State  out  of  New  England,  in  1821), 
Virginia  (1829),  Georgia  (1S.S3(,  Tennessee  (1834),  North  Carolina  and  Michigan,  in  18o>. 
Since  1835  all  new  Constitutions  except  those  of  Delaware  (18!>u).  Mississippi  (1890).  and 
South  Carolina  (1895)  have  been  submitted  to  popular  vote  after  leaving  the  hands  of  the 
Convention   or  Legislature. 

AMENDMENTS    TO    CONSTITUTIONS, 

Amendments  to  Constitutions  are  made  by  Conventions  called  on  a  Referendum  in 
thirty  States— Alabama,  California.  Colorado,  Delaware,  Florida.  Idaho,  Illinois,  Iowa, 
Kansas,  Kentucky,  Maryland,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Missouri.  Montana,  Nebraska,  Nevada, 
New  Hampshire,  New  York,  North  Carolina.  Ohio,  South  Carolina,  South  Dakota,  Ten- 
nessee, Utah,  Virginia,  Washington,  West  Virginia,  Wisconsin,  and  Wyoming— and  in 
fifteen — Arkansas.  Connecticut,  Georgia,  Indiana,  Louisiana,  Maine,  Massachusetts.  Mis- 
sissippi. New  Jersey,  North  Dakota,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania.  Rhode  Island,  Texas,  and 
Vermont— by  the  Legislature,  and  are  referable  to  the  people  in  forty-three  States,  'the 
exceptions  being  Delaware  and  South  Carolina. 

LAWS    AFFECTING    THE    WHOLE    STATE. 

1.  When  the  vote  of  the  people  is  authorized  by  the  Constitution.  This  is  the  Refer- 
endum in  its  narrower  sense,  and  in  this  aspect  is  now  a  matter  of  political  interest. 
The  Constitution  of  South  Dakota  (1898)  provides:  "The  legislative  power  of  the  State 
shall  be  vested  in  a  Legislature,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, except  that  the  people  expressly  reserve  to  themselves  the  right  to  propose 
measures  (initiative),  which  measures  the  Legislature  shall  enact  and  submit  to  a  vote  ot 
the  electors  of  the  State,  and  apo  the  right  to  require  that  any  .laws  which  the  Legis.a- 
ture  may  have  enacted  shall  be  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  electors  of  the  State  betore 
going  into  effect."  The  Constitution  of  Oregon  (1902)  contains  a  similar  provision.  So 
far.  however,  no  other  State  has  incorporated  this  initiative  and  referendum  clause  in 
general  terms  in  its  Constitution.  Special  provisions,  nevertheless,  are  the  subject  of 
referendum,  as  the  location  of  the  capital  of  the  State  and  of  State  institutions  the 
limitation  of  expenditure  or  of  the  debt,  and  in  Colorado,  Montana,  Idaho,  and  Utah  the 
maximum   tax   rate,    the   franchise   and   manj-   like  questions. 

2.  When  no  authorization  for  such  vote  is  contained  in  the  Constitution.  Thf  refer- 
ence of  general  laws  to  the  people  in  the  absence  of  express  constitutional  authority  was 
early  attempted,  but  has  generally  been  held  unconstitutional.  Barto  vs.  Himrod.  4  Seld 
(N.  'y.)  483.  is  the  leading  case.  But  the  reference  of  a  time  when  a  law  shall  take 
effect  has  been  held  constitutional— uiwn  this  many  of  the  State  prohibitory  Liquor  Laws 
are  based,  as  in  Michigan  (1852),  Vermont  (18.52).  Maine  (1858),  North  Carolina  (1881). 
Other  matters  of  a  general  nature  have  been  so  referred— e.  g.,  the  seat  of  Government 
(California.  18.50),  free  schools  (New  York,  1S49),  minority  representation  on  corporations 
(New  Jlampshire.  1880).  contract  labor  in  prisons  (New  York,  1883),  Chinese  immigra- 
tion  (Nevada,    1880),    woman   suffrage   (Massachusetts,   1895). 

LAWS    AFFECTING    PARTS    OF    STATES    OR    LOCALITIES   ONLY. 

The  reference  of  such  laws  to  the  vote  of  the  people  of  the  locality  affected  is  held 
to  be  not  unconstitutional  in  legislation  determining  the  area,  boundaries,  etc.,  of  local 
political  districts;  the  selection  of  county  seats  and  sites,  the  selection  of  a  corporate  name, 
and  the  choice  of  a  citv  charter  or  local  government,  in  which  the  referendum  is  made 
obligatory  in  some  States.  So,  also,  propositions  to  remove  the  fire  and  police  departments 
of  Jersey  City  were  referred  to  the  inhabitants  in  1885;  to  reform  the  Civil  Service  in 
any  city  of  Illinois  (1895);  to  increase  the  number  of  supervisors  in  Iowa  (1897),  Nebraska 
(1897),  North  Dakota  (1895).  and  Ohio  (1890).  Every  pha.se  of  legislation  in  wbich  there 
is  danger  to  the  legislator  is  apt  at  some  time  to  be  so  referred,  including  loan  bills  and 
financial  proposals  of  all  kinds. 

THE    INITIATIVE. 

The  initiative  is  either  a  riglit  reserved  by  the  peoT>le  of  a  State  in  their  Con.stitu- 
(ion  to  originate  propositions  to  be  enacted  into  law  by  the  Legislature  and  ratified  by 
the  vote  of  the  people,  or  that  giving  a  number  of  voters  in  a  community  the  right  to 
oause  an  election  to  be  held  upon  a  permitted  question  (as  whether  liquor  shall  be  sold  m 
the  town),  and  if  the  vote  be  in  favor  of  a  change  then  the  new  condition  to  obtain 
under  a  previously  passed  statute  of  the  State  Legislature.  The  initiative  in  its  largf^r 
aspect  has  authority  only  in  South  Dakota  and  Oregon,  and  there  its  operation  excludes 
only  matters  of  emergency,  as  the  preservation  of  -the  ])ublic  peace,  health,  or  safety. 
In  its  local  aspect  it  has  been  called  in  to  inaugurate  a  vast  variety  of  matters  of  local 
interest,— prohibition,  county  seats,  live  stock  and  fencing  laws,  high-school  laws— finding 
its   greatest   development   in  Oregon,    South   Dakota.   Nebraska,   California,    and   Iowa. 

The  Initiative  and  Referendum  constitute  a  political  force  or  medium  opposed  in 
action  to  the  Legislature  as  the  delegated  authority  of  the  people,  and  the  various  labor 
and  people's  parties  have  turned  to  them  as  a  means  of  holding  in  their  owm  hands  a 
larger  measure  of  the  sovereign  power  which,  under  the  older  theories  of  government, 
was  entirely  delegated  to  their  representatives. 


Ifational  Qrange,  Patrons  of  J/iishandn/.  ^9f) 

Clje  ):nlantr  saiatcrtua^s  (^onbcntion. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  on  November  17,  1907.  issued  an  invitation  to  the 
Governors  of  the  States  and  Territories  to  meet  liim  at  the  White  House,  Washington,  on 
May  13,  14,  and  lo,  11)08,  to  discuss  the  question  af  means  to  conserve  the  natural 
resources  of  the  country.  Invitations  are  to  be  extended  to  the  members  of  the  two 
Houses   of  Congress   and   to   the   Inland   Waterways   Commission. 

The  following  is   the   text  of   the  invitation  to  each   of  the   Governors: 

'•The  natural  resources  of  the  territory  of  the  I'nited  States  were,  at  the  time  of  the 
settlement,  richer,  more  varied,  and  more  available  than  those  of  any  other  equal  area  on 
the  surface  of  the  earth.  The  development  of  these  resources  has  given  up,  for  more  than 
a  century,  a  rate  of  increase  in  population  and  wealth  undreamed  of  by  the  men  who 
founded  our  Government  and  without  parallel  in  history.  It  is  obvious  that  the  prosperity 
which  we  now  enjoy  rests  directly  upon  these  resources.  It  is  equally  obvious  that  the 
^■igor  and  success  which  we  desire  and  foresee  for  this  Nation  in  the  future  must  have 
this  as  the  ultimate   material  basis. 

"In  vievi-  of  these  evident  facts,  it  seems  to  me  time  for  the  country  to  take  account 
of  its  natural  resources  and  to  inquire  how  long  they  are  likely  to  last.  We  are  pros- 
perous now;  we  should  not  forget  that  it  will  be  just  as  important  to  our  descendants  to 
be  prosperous  in  their  time  as  it  is   to  us  to  be  prosperous  in   our  time. 

"Recently  I  expressed  the  opinion  that  there  is  no  other  question  now  before  the 
Nation  of  equal  gravity  with  the  question  of  the  conservation  of  our  natural  resources, 
and  I  added  that  it  is  the  plain  duty  of  those  of  us  who,  for  the  moment,  are  responsible 
to  make  inventory  of  the  natural  resources  which  have  been  handed  down  to  us.  to  fore- 
cast as  well  as  we  m.ay  the  needs  of  the  future,  and  so  to  handle  the  great  sources  of 
our  prosperity  as  not   to  destroy  in  advance   all   hope   of  the   prosperity  of  our   descendants. 

"It  is  evident  that  the  abundant  natural  resources  on  which  the  welfare  of  this 
Nation  rests  are  becoming  depleted,  and  in  not  a  few  cases  are  already  exhausted.  This 
is  true  of  all  portions  of  the  United  States;  it  is  especially  true  of  the  longer  settled 
communities  of  the  East.  The  gravity  of  the  situation  inust.  I  believe,  appeal  with  special 
force  to  the  Governors  of  the  States,  because  of  their  close  relations  to  the  people  and 
their  responsibility   for   the   welfare   of   their  communities. 

"I  have  therefore  decided,  in  accordance  with  the  suggestion  of  the  Inland  Water- 
ways Commission,  to  ask  the  Governors  of  the  States  and  Territories  to  meet  at  the 
White  House  on  May  13,  14,  and  l.j,  to  confer  with  the  President  and  with  each  other 
upon  the  conservation  of  natural  resources.  It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  invite  you  to 
take  part  in  this  conference.  I  should  be  g'lad  to  have  you  select  three  citizens  to 
accompany  you  and  to  attend  the  conference  as  your  assistants  or  advisers.  I  shall 
also  invite  the  Senators  and  Representatives  of  the  Sixtieth  Congress  to  be  present  at 
the  sessions,   so  far  as   their  duties   will  permit. 

"The  matters  to  be  considered  at  this  conference  are  not  confined  to  any  region 
or  group  of  States,  but  are  of  vital  concern  to  the  Nation  as  a  whole,  and  to  all  the 
people.  Those  subjects  include  the  use  and  conservation  of  the  mineral  resources,  the 
resources   of   the   land,    and   the   resources  of  the   waters   in   every   part   of   our   territor.v. 

"In    order    to    open    discussion    I    shall    invite    a    few    recognized    authorities    to    present 
brief  descriptions  of  actual   facts  and   conditions   without   argument.    It- aving   the   conference . 
to   deal    with    eac'h    topic   as   it    may   elect.      The   members    of   the   Inland    Waterways    Com- 
imission   will   be   present,    in   order   to    share   with    me   the   benefit    of    information    and    sug- 
gestion,  and,   if  desired,   to  set  forth  their  provisional  plans  and   conclusions. 

"Facts  which  I  cannot  gainsay  force  me  to  believe  that  'the  conservation  of  our 
natural  resources  is  the  most  weighty  question  now  before  the  people  of  the  United 
States.  If  this  is  so.  the  proposed  conference,  which  is  the  first  of  its  kind,  will  be 
among  the  most  important  gatherings  in  our  history  in  its  effect  upon  the  welfare  of 
all   our  people. 

"I  earnestly  hope,  my  dear  Governor,  that  you  will  find  it  possible  to  be  present. 
Sincerely   yours,  ^HBODORE   ROOSEVELT." 

jJCational  (SrrafUflc,  l^atrous  of  J^usljanTrrs* 

3rasfer—'S .  J.  Bachelder,  Concord, N.  H.  Ooer-te'r—T.  V.  Atkeson,  Morgautown,  W.  Va.  Lfctiirer 
—George  W.  F.  Gaunt,  MiiUica  Hill,  N.  .T.  Sfen-drd—J.  A.  Ncwcoml),  Golden,  Col.  Assixtant 
Sleward~C  D.  Richardson,  West  Brookfield,  Mass.  Chupkiin-0.  S.  Wood,  Ellington.  Ct. 
Trfdsurrr— 'Sir ^. 'Eva. a.  McDowell,  Rom(>,N.  Y.  Secrr-lnry—V.'M.  Freeman,  Tippecanoe  City.  Ohio. 
Oate  Keeper— Ps..  C.  Powers,  Beloit,  Wi.s.  Cf're*— Mi's.  Elizabeth  PHtter<on,  College  Park,  Md. 
i-Zora— Mrs.  IdaJudson,  Balfour,  Iowa.  Po»io/?a— Mr-^.  Sarah  (i.  Baird,  Edina  Mills,  :\[inii.  Z.  .-1. 
,S'/' (card— :Mrs.  Joanna  WalkfM-,  IMarshallton.  Del.  Hicih  J^iiexf—deovsie  B.  Ilortoii.  Fruit  Ridge, 
.Alich.  J^i-ie.<'tArchon—'S..l.  Bachelder,  Concord.  N.  H.   Priext  Aiuwlisl—F.  E.  Maj^h«iii,  Kingston. R  I. 

Tlie  following  propo.sed  legislation  is  favored  by  the  National  Grange,  represeiitiug  the  larmers  of 
the  United  States  : 

1.  Free  delivery  of  mails  in  the  rural  districts  be  placed  upon  the  same  permanent  footing  as  the 
delivery  of  mails  in  the  cities  and  ilie  appropriations  to  be  commensiuute  with  the  demands  and  the 
benefits  of  the  service.  2.  Postal  saving  banks.  3.  Election  of  United  States  Senators  by  direct  vote 
of  the  people.  4.  An  amendment  to  the  Constitution  gnuiting  th-  power  to  Congress  to  regulate  a  id 
control  all  corporations  and  combinations.  5.  Enlargement  of  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  Inter- 
state Commerce  Commission,  giving  it  anthorit.v  to  determine  what  changes  shall  be  made  or  what 
practices  are  discriminative  or  unreasonable,  and  their  findings  to  be  inimediaiel.v  operative  aid  so 
to  continue  until  overruled  by  the  courts.  6.  Regulation  of  the  use  of  shoddy.  7.  Pure  fond  laws.  8. 
Extension  of  the  markets  for  farm  products  eijiially  with  manufactured  articles.  9.  An  anii-trnst 
law, clearly  defining  what  acts  on  the  i).irt  (f  any  cornor;ition  would  be  detrinientid  to  public  welfare. 
10.  ihespeedy  construction  of  aship  canal  coiiheciiug  the  Mississippi  River  with  the  Great  Lal^es 
and  the  Great  Lakes  with  the  Atlantic  <  >ce;ui.  11.  Revision  of  the  fees  and  salaries  of  all  Federal 
ollicers,  and  placing  them  on  a  basis  of  sinn'lar  service  in  private  business.  12.  Parcels  post,  tele- 
phone and  telegraplnn  the  mail  service.    I'i.    National  and  .State  aid  to  improve  the  public  hiL'hways. 

The  National  Grange  has  established  over  30,000  subordinate  granges  iu  forty-four  States  and  Ter- 
ritories. 


SOO  Arizona  mut  Neio  3fexico. 

K\)t  <StatcIjootr  of  ([^Ulajoma. 

By  Chapter  3, 335  of  the  Statnte'=«  of  the  United  States,  passed  at  tlie  First  Session  of  Ihe^ifty- 
ninth  Congress,  and  approved  June  16,  1906,  it  was  provided  that  the  inhabitants  of  the  Territory 
of  Oklahoma  and  of  the  Indian  Territory  may  adopt  a  constitution  and  become  the  State  of  Okla- 
homa on  complying  with  the  followins?  requirements:  They  siiall  vote  for  and  choose  delegates  to  a 
Constitutional  Convention,  at  an  election  ordered  by  the  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Oklahoma  and 
theseiiior  Judge  in  service  in  the  United  States  Courts  in  the  Indian  Territory  jointly,  sixty  days 
prior  to  said  election  and  within  six  months  after  the  approval  of  this  act.  The  delegates  so  electnd 
shall  meet  at  (xuthrie,  Oklahoma,  on  the  second  Tuesday  after  their  election,  and  proceed  to  form  a 
constitution  and  state  Government  for  said  State.  Said  constitution  shall  be  submitted  to  the  i)eople 
for  ratification  or  rejection  at  a  time  designated  by  said  convention.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States  within  twenty  days  after  the  receipt  of  the  certificate  of  the  result  of 
such  election,  if  said  constitution  shall  have  been  ratified,  to  issue  a  proclamation  announcing  thj 
result,  "and  thereupon  the  proposed  State  of  Oklahoma  shall  be  deemed  admitted  by  Congress  into 
the  Uiiion.  under  and  by  virtue  of  this  act,  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original  States.  " 

Tlie  election  of  delegates  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  under  this  act  was  held  on  November 
6,1906.  The  Constitutional  Convention  met  at  Guthrie  on  November  20,  1906,  and  after  a  session 
of  four  months  formed  a  State  Constitution  which  was  submitted  to  the  people  September  17,  190", 
and  was  adopted  by  an  overwhelming  majority. 

At  the  same  election  five  representatives  in  Congress  and  State  OflBcers  were  elected.  (See 
election  returus  for  results.) 

THE    STATE    CONSTITUTION. 

The  most  notable  feature  of  the  State  Constitution  was  its  provisions  for  the  regulation  of  corpo- 
rations. In  line  with  its  other  corporation  provisions  were  the  adoption  of  2-cent  passenger  fares, 
electric  lines  not  included,  and  the  aljolition  of  the  doctrine  of  the  fellow-servant. 

The  initiative  and  referendum  was  given  a  prominent  place  in  the  constitution,  butthe  right  of 
recall  usually  regarded  as  practically  a  parallel  proposition,  was  rejected. 

Separate  schools  for  white  and  negro  children  were  provided;  all  other  races  than  negroes  being 
classed  as  * '  white. ' ' 

The  State  was  given  the  right  to  engage  in  any  business  or  occupation,  but  the  grant  was  limited 
by  the  qualification  that  it  shall  be  ' '  for  public  purposes. ' ' 

Trial  by  jury  was  granted  in  contempt  cases  for  violations  of  injunctions  or  orders  of  restraint,  and 
an  opportiinity  to  be  heard  must  begiven  on  all  contemj>ts  before  punishment  is  imposed.  Three- 
fourths  jury  verdicts  were  provided  for  in  civil  cases  and  criminal  cases  less  than  felony.  The  grand 
jury  system  was  not  made  mandator}-.  Persons  were  granted  immunity  from  prosecution  if  their 
testimony  incriminated  themselves. 

Records,  books  and  films  of  all  corporations  shall  be  subject  to  full  visitation  and  inquisition, 
notwithstanding  the  immunities  and  privileges  conferred  by  the  bill  of  rights. 

For  every  sale,  the  applicant  must  make  a  sworn  statement  as  to  the  purpose  for  which  the  liquor 
is  to  he  used,  and  each  sale  must  be  registered. 

The  control  of  all  public-service  corporations  was  vested  in  a  corporation  commission  of  thre^ 
members,  elected  by  the  people  for  six- year  terms.  Commissioners  are  required  to  take  an  oaih  that 
they  are  not  interested  directly  or  indirectly  in  an.v  company  which  may  come  under  their  super- 
vision. All  railroads,  oil,  pipe,  car,  express,  telephone  or  telegraph  lines  are  required  to  receive  and 
transport  each  other' s  business  without  dela.v  or  discrimination.  All  railroads  were  dt^clared  public 
highways.  Public  service  corporations  and  their  officials  were  prohibited  from  consolidating  with  or 
owning  stock  in  any  competing  corporation. 

"Transportation  companies"  were  defined  as  including  railroads,  street  railwaj's,  canals, 
steamboat  lines,  freightcar  companies  or  car  associations,  express  companies  and  sleeping-car  com- 
panies. "Transportation  companies"  include  telegraph  and  telephone  lines,  and  both  of  these 
classes  were  rated  as  common  carriers. 

The  common  law  doctrine  of  fellow-servant  was  abrogated  as  to  all  railroad,  street  or  internrban 
electric  lines  and  mining  companies,  and  recovery  may  be  had  as  fully  in  cases  where  death  occurs 
as  where  it  does  not. 

Campaign  contributions  bj'  corporations  were  forbidden  and  it  was  sought  to  prevent  the  issuance 
of  watered  stock  by  providing  that  no  stock  shall  be  issued  except  for  money,  labor  done  or  property 
actually  received  to  the  amount  of  the  par  value  of  the  stock. 

ADMITTED  TO  THE  UNION. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  on  November  16, 1907,  signed  the  Constitution  of  Oklahoma 
and  issued  a  proclamation  announcing  its  admission  as  a  State  into  the  Union. 

The  Census  Bureau  on  September  19,  1907,  reported  the  result  of  a  Special  Census  taken  of  the 
population  of  the  new  State.  It  showed  a  total  population  of  1,414,042,  the  population  of  the 
formerTerritory  of  Oklahoma  being  7'.J1, 142,  and  of  the  former  Indian  Territory,  692,901. 


•  ^rifona  antr  l!<rtto  J^ntco. 


The  same  act  which  provided  for  the  Statehood  of  Oklahoma,  also  provided  that  the  inhabitants 
of  the  Territoriesof  Arizona  and  New  ]\rexico  siiould,  on  November6,  1906,  vote  on  the  question 
whether  the  two  Territories  should  be  united  to  form  one  State,  to  be  known  as  the  State  of  Arizona. 
At  the  same  election  they  should  vote  for  delegates  to  a  Constitutional  Convention.  Should  the  vot?, 
on  statehood  be  favorable  in  both  Territories,  and  not  otherwise,  a  convention  to  form  a  constitution 
for  the  newstate  should  meet  at  Santa  Fcon  Thursda.v,  December  6, 1906.  The  constitution  so  formed 
should  be  submitted  to  the  people  of  the  two  Territories  within  ninety  days  from  the  adjournment  of 
said  convention.  Should  said  constitution  be  ratified,  the  President  of  "the  United  States  should, 
within  twenty  days  after  the  receipt  of  the  certificate  of  the  result,  issue  a  proclamation  announcing 
the  same,  and  thereupon  the  State  of  Arizona  should  be  deemed  to  be  admitted  to  the  Union  on  an 
equal  footing  with  the  original  States. 

The  act  provided  for  the  representation  of  the  new  State  in  the  House  of  Representatives  in  Con- 
gress by  two  members. 

At  the  election  of  Xovember  6, 1906,  a  majority  of  the  inhabitants  of  New  Mexico  voted  in  favor 
of  joint  statehood  and  a  majority  of  the  inhabitants  of  Arizona  voted  against  it.  The  provisions  of 
this  act,  so  far  as  they  related  to  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  therefore  became  void,  and  they  continue 
i»a  Territories. 


TUe  Prosectition  of  the  Standard  Oil  (Jotnpany,  301 

K\^t  prosrcutfon  of  tijc  .^tantJarTi  <l^il  (Srompans^ 

Prosecuitinn  of  the  Standard  Oil  t'oiiipany  of  New  Jersey  and  many  f^f  its  more  than 
one  hundred  subsidia/ry  companies  under  the  anti-trusL^  laws  of  the  United  Slates  and  of 
several  States,  instituted  by  the  United  States  Attorney-General  and  the  Attorneys-General 
of  Ohio,  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas,  was  a  noteworthy  feature  of  the  year  i;)07.  Under 
the  Elkins  law,  the  Standard  Oil  corporations  were  indicted  in  several  different  cases,  on 
an  agg-regate  of  S,300  counts  for  accepting-  rebates  from  railroads.  The  penalty  on  con- 
viction of  each  count  is  a  fine  of  from  $1,000  to  $20,000.  Most  of  these  cases  were  pending 
at  the  close  of  the  year,  but  the  indictment  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company  of  Indiana,  which 
was  tried  before  Judge  Kenesaw  M.  Landis  in  the  United  States  District  Court  at  Chicago, 
resulted  in  a  conviction  on  1,4G2  counts  and  the  imposition  of  the  maximum  fine  of 
$2!J,240,000.     The  fine  is  the  largest  ever  assessed  against  any  individual  or  any  corporation 

in  the  liistory  of  American  criminal  jurisprudence.  The  charge  against  the  Standard 
corporation  was  accepting  a  secret  i-ale  of  0  cencs  a  barrel  on  shipments  from  Whiting, 
Ind.,  to  St.  Louis,  the  legal  and  publislied  tariff  rate  being  18  cents.  In  imposing  the  fine 
Judge  Landis  delivered  a  long  opinion  on  August  o,  in  which  the  methods  and  practices  of 
the  Standard  Oil  Company  were  mercilessly  discussed.  Judge  Landis  said  in  his  opinion: 
"To  the  extent  that  the  Standaa'd  Oil  Company  has  not  paid  what  the  law  requires  that  it 
should  paj-,  the  shippers  of  other  kinds  of  property  have  had  to  bear  the  burden.  To  the 
rate  which  it  would  be  fair  for  the  railroad  to  charge  for  the  transportation  of  products 
of  the  farm  and  factory  has  been  added  what  the  Standard  Oil  Company  did  not  pay  for 
the  transportation  of  its  property.  And  herein  lies  not  the  least  vicious  element  of  such 
a  system.  In  addition  to  this  is  the  question  of  common  honesty  among  men  which  ought 
not  to  be  altogether  ignored  in  business  even  in  this  day.  The  conception  and  execiit.on 
of  such  a  commercial  policy  necessarily  involves  the  contamination  of  subordinate  officers 
or  employees,  even  looking  to  the  time  when  testimony  will  be  required  for  the  protection 
of  the  revenues  of  the  offender  from  the  exactions  of  the  law  for  its  violation.  We  might 
as  well  look  at  this  situation  squarely.  The  men  who  thus  deliberately  violate  the  law 
■wound  society  more  deeply  than  does  he  who  counterfeits  the  coin  or  steals  letters  from 
the  mail." 

Testimony  was  being  taken  at  the  close  of  the  yeair  in  an  action  for  an  injunction 
against  the  continuance  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company  of  New  Jersey  and  to  annul  its 
charter.  This  was  brought  by  the  United  States  Government  through  the  Attorney- 
General.  The  bill  of  complaint  was  filed  in  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the 
Eastern  District  of  Missouri,  and  the  defendants  named  included  the  Standard  of  New 
Jersey  and  its  many  subsidiary  companies,  and  these  directors  individually:  John  D. 
Rockefeller,  William  Rockefeller,  Heni-y  M.  Flagler,  Henry  H.  Rogers,  Oliver  H.  Payne 
and  John  D.  Archbold.  These  inen  were  directors  of  the  Standard  Oil  Trust  formed 
in  Ohio  in  18S2.  Hearings  in  New  York  in  September  and  October  before  Special  Examiner 
Ferriss  disclosed  for  the  first  time  the  list  of  Standard  Oil  stockholders  and  their  shares* 
In  Augtist,  11)07,  the  total  capitalization  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company  of  New  Jersey  was 
$98,338,300.  John  D.  Rockefeller  ov/ned  $2-4.700,200,  Oliver  H.  Payne  $4,000,000.  Henry  M. 
Flagler  $3,050,000.  Henry  H.  Rogers  $1,602,000,  William  Rockefeller  $1,170,000,  and  John 
D.    Archbold   $600,000. 

The  average  rate  of  dividends  paid  by  the  Oil  Trust  under  one  name  or  another,  but 
continuously  under  the  same  control,  from  1SS2  to  1906,  was  24.15  per  cent.  The  total 
amount  paid  in  dividends  during  that  period  was  $551,992,90-4.50.  The  net  earnings  or 
profits  of  the  corporation  were  shown  to  have  aggregated  over  $800,000,000  from  1882  to 
1906.  In  the  year  1906  the  net  earnings  were  $83,122,251,  more  than  841-^  per  cent,  on 
the   capitalization.     The  gross   assets  at   the  end  of  1906  were  $371,664,531. 

In  1900  the  dividends  paid  out  aggregated  $46,691,474,  and  in  1901  the  amount  was 
$46,775,390.  In  1906  the  dividends  were  $30,335,320.  A  computation  based  on  John  D. 
Rockefeller's  holdings,  which  varied  slightly  from  year  to  year,  showed  that  in  the  period 
1882-1906  he  received  in  dividends  on  his  oil  stock  $143,499,954.  More  than  one-half  o<f 
the  entire  $98,338,300  stock  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company  was  owned  by  thirty-one  share- 
holders. 

Suits  were  pending  at  the  close  of  the  year  to  oust  the  Standard  and  its  subsidiary 
companies  from  the  States  of  Ohio,  Kansas  and  Missouri  under  the  anti-trust  laws. 
Texas  had  previously  ordered  all  known  branches  of  the  oil  monopoly  not  to  do  business 
In  the  State,  and  early  in  the  year  secured  a  conviction  with  a  heavy  fine  against  the 
Waters-Pierce  Oil  Company.  On  November  6  Attorney-General  Davidson,  of  Texas, 
brought  action  against  eleven  subsidiary  companies  of  the  Standard,  demanding  $75,900,000 
in  penalties  for  alleged  violations  of  the  State's  anti-trtist  l£(,ws.  Receivers  for  the  eleven 
companies  were  asked  for  also.  An  injunction  was  granted  restraining  the  defendant 
companies  from  removing  any  of  their  property  from   the  State. 

In  May  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Corporations  published  a  report  on  the  "Position  of 
the  Standard  Oil  Company  in  the  Petroleum  Industry,"  which  showed  that  tlie  Standai-d 
controls  over  85  per  cent,  of  the  refining  and  sale  of  oil  in  the  United  States.  A  striking 
feature  of  the  report  was  the  defiance  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Act  by  the  Standard's 
Pipe   Lines,   which  were  shown  to  be  one  of  the  main  supports  of  the  monopoly's  power. 

In  August  the  same  Bureau  published  a  report  on  "Prices  and  Profits  in  the  Oil 
Business."  This  showed  a  great  increase  in  recent  years  in  the  margin  between  the  price 
of  crude  oil  and  the  prices  of  illtiminating  oil  and  other  products.  It  showed  enormous 
variance  in  prices  charged  in  competitive  and  non-competitive  localities,  and  that  the  oil 
shipped  to  foreign  countries  by  the  Standard  was  sold  there  at  xnuch  lower  prices  thau 
to  the  American  consumer. 


302  Regulation  of  Mailroad  Mates, 

S^cgulattou  of  iHatlcoatr  MaUis* 


and  rebates  and  bearing  of  complaints  and  remedial  action  iliereon  by  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission. 

FURNISHING  SWITCHES  AND  TRANSPORTATION. 

Any  common  carrier  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act.  upon  application  of  anj^  lateral,  branch 
line  of  railroad,  or  of  any  shipper  tendering  interstate  traffic  for  transporration.  shall  construct, 
maintain,  and  operate  upon  reasonable  terms  a  switch  connection  witli  any  sucli  lateral,  branch  line 
of  railroad,  or  private  side  track  which  may  be  constructed  to  connect  with  its  railroad,  where  such 
connection  is  reasonably  practicable  and  can  be  put  in  with  safety  and  will  furnish  sullicieut  business 
to  justify  the  construction  and  maintenance  of  the  same;  and  shall  furnish  cars  for  the  movement  of 
such  traffic  to  the  best  of  its  ability,  without  discrimination  in  favor  of  or  against  any  such  shipper. 

FILING  OF  SCHEDULES  OF  RATES. 

Every  common  carrier  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  file  with  the  commission  created 
by  this  act  and  print  and  keep  open  to  public  inspection  schedules  showing  all  the  rates,  fares  and 
cltarges  for  transportation  between  different  points  on  its  own  route  and  between  points  on  its  own 
route  and  points  on  the  route  of  any  carrier  by  railroail,  by  pipe  line,  or  by  water  when  a  through 
routeand  joint  rate  liave  been  established.  If  no  joint  rate  over  the  tlirough  route  has  been  estab- 
lished, the  several  carriers  in  such  through  route  shall  file,  print  and  keep  open  to  public  inspection 
as  aforesaid,  the  separately  established  rates,  fares  and  charges  applied  to  the  tluough  transporta- 
tion. The  schedules  printed  as  aforesaid  l)y  any  such  common  carrier  shall  plainly  state  the  places 
between  which  property  and  passengers  will  be  carried,  and  shall  contain  the  classification  of 
freight  in  force,  and  shall  also  state  separately  ail  terminal  charges,  storage  charges,  icing  charges, 
and  all  other  charges  whicli  the  comn'ission  may  require,  all  privileges  or  facilities  granted  or 
allowed,  and  any  rules  or  regulations  which  in  anywise  change,  afreet,  or  determine  any  part  of  the 
aggregate  of  such  aforesaid  rates,  fares  and  charges,  or  the  value  of  the  service  rendered  to  the  pas- 
senger, shipper,  or  consignee. 

DISCRIMINATION  FORBIDDEN. 

No  carrier,  unless  otherwise  provided  by  this  act,  shall  engage  or  participate  In  the  transportation 
of  passengers  or  property,  as  defined  in  this  act,  unless  the  rates,  fares,  and  charges  upon  which  tlie 
.same  are  transported  by  said  carrier  have  been  filed  and  published  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  this  act;  nor  shall  any  carrier  charge  or  demand  or  collect  or  receive  a  greater  or  le.ss  or  difl'erent 
compensation  for  such  transportation  of  passengers  or  propertj',  or  forany  service  in  connection  there- 
with, between  the  points  named  in  such  tariffs  than  the  rates,  fares,  and  charges  which  are  specified 
in  the  tariff  tiled  and  in  effect  at  the  time;  nor  shall  any  carrier  refund  or  remit  in  any  manner  or  by 
any  device  any  portion  of  the  rates,  fares,  and  charges  so  specified,  nor  extend  to  any  shipi)er  or 
l)erson  any  privileges  or  facilities  in  the  transportation  of  passengers  or  property,  except' such  as  are 
specified  in  such  tariffs 

REBATES. 

Any  person,  corporation,  or  company  who  shall  deliver  property  for  interstate  transportation  to 
any  common  carrier,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  or  for  whom  as  consignor  or  consignee,  any 
such  carrier  shall  transport  property  from  one  State,  Territory,  or  the  District  of  Cohmibia  tosmy 
other  State,  Territory,  or  the  District  of  Columbia  or  foreign  country,  who  shall  knowingly  by 
employe,  agent,  officer,  or  otherwise,  directly  or  i; directlj',  by  or  througli  any  means  or  device 
whatsoever,  receive  or  accept  from  such  co)nmou  carrier  any  siim  of  money  or  any  other  valuable 
consideration  as  a  rebate  or  offset  against  the  regular  charges  for  transi)ortation  of  such  property, 
as  fixed  by  the  schedules  of  rate  provided  for  in  this  act,  shall  in  addition  to  any  penalty  provided 
by  this  act  forfeit  to  the  United  States  a  sum  oi  money  three  times  the  anionnt  of  money  so 
received  or  accepted,and  three  times  the  value  of  any  other  consideration  so  received  or  accepted, 
to  be  ascertained  by  the  trial  court;  and  the  Attorney-(4eneral  of  the  United  states  is  authorized 
and  directed,  whenever  he  has  reasonal)le  grounds  to  belieVe  that  any  such  person,  corporation, 
or  company  has  knowingly  received  or  accepted  from  any  such  common  carrier  any  sum  of 
money  or  other  valuable  consideration  as  a  rebate  or  offset  as  aforesaid,  to  institute  in  any  court 
of  the  United  States  of  competent  jurisdiction,  a  civil  action  to  collect  the  .said  sum  or  sums  so 
forfeited  as  aforesaid;  and  in  the  trial  of  said  action  all  such  rebates  or  other  considerations  .so 
received  or  accepted  for  a  period  of  six  years  prior  to  tlie  connnencement  of  the  action,  maybe 
included  therein,  and  the  amount  recovered  shaUbe  three  times  the  totalamount  of  money,  or  three 
times  the  total  value  of  such  consideration,  .so  received  or  accepted,  or  both,  as  the  case  may  be. 

HEARING  OF  COMPLAINTS. 
The  commission  is  authorized  and  empowered,  and  it  shall  be  its  duty,  whenever,after  full  hear- 
ing upon  a  complaint  made  as  provided  in  section  thirteen  of  this  act,  or  upon  complaint  of  any 
common  carrier,  it  shall  be  of  the  opinion  that  any  of  the  rates,  or  charges  whatsoever,  demanded, 
charged,  or  collected  by  any  common  carrier  or  carriers,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  for  the 
transportation  of  persons  or  propertj'  as  defined  in  the  first  section  of  this  act.  or  that  any  regulations 
or  practices  whatsoever  of  such  carrier  or  carriers  affecting  such  rates,  are  unjust  and  unreasonable, 
or  unjustly  discriminatoiT,  or  unduly  preferential  or  prejudicial,  or  otherwisein  violation  of  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  to  determine  and  prescribe  what  will  be  the  just  and  reasonable  rate  of  rates, 
charge  or  charges,  to  be  thereafter  observed  in  such  case  as  the  maxinnim  to  be  charged  ;  and  what 
regulation  or  practice  in  respect  to  such  transportation  is  just,  fair,  and  reasonable  to  be  thereafter 
followed  ;  and  to  make  an  order  that  the  carrier  sindl  cea.se  and  desist  from  such  violation,  to  the 
extent  to  which  the  commission  find  tlie  same  to  exist,  and  shall  not  thereafter  publish,  demand,  or 
collect  any  rate  or  charge  for  such  transjiortation  i'l  excess  of  the  maximum  rale  or  charge  so  pre- 
scribed.   All  shall  conform  to  the  regulation  or  pratice  so  prescribed 

ESTABLISHMICNT  OF  ROUTES  AND  R.\TES 

The  commission  may  also,  after  hearing  on  a  complaint,  establish  through  routes  and  joint  rates 
as  the  maximum  to  be  charged,  and  prescribe  the  division  of  such  rates  as  hereinbefore  provided,  and 
the  terms  and  conditions  under  which  such  through  routes  shall  be  operated,  when  that  may  be 
iiece.ssary  to  give  effect  to  anj' provision  of  this  act.  and  the  carriers  complained  of  have  refused  or 
neglected  to  voluntarily  establish  such  through  routes  and  joint  rates,  provided  no  reasonable  or 
satisfactory  through  route  exists,  and  this  provision  shall  apply  when  one  of  the  connecting  carriers 
is  a  water  line. 


State    Legislation   Regulating     Ralb'oad  Hates.  303 

^_  - ■  ■         —  -—  ■■  ■  ■      * 

<Statr  ILcflislatioii  Mefiulathiji  Bailtoatr  iiates. 

/  The   year   1007   was   prolific   in   enactments  by   State   Legislatures   requiring  railroads   to 

'make  effective  lower  interstate  passeng-er  rates.  In  each  instance  this  legislation  was  con- 
tested, and  a  number  of  suits  are  now  pending  in  lower  courts.  These  will  be  expedited  for 
the  purpose  of  securing  an  early  opinion  from  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  but  this  is 
not  expected  until  some  time  in  the  present  year.  Notable  disputes  arose  in  North  Carolina 
and  Alabama,  where  the  new  laws  are  now  being  operated  under  an  agreement.  An  arrange- 
ment was  reached  in  Virginia  without  litigation.  Legislation  looking  to  lower  passenger 
rates  was  enacted  in  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Michigan,  Pennsylvania, 
South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Missouri,  Kentucliy,  Florida  and  New  York.  Governor  Hughes 
vetoed  the  2-cent  fare  bill  passed  by  the  New  York  Legislature.  Two  courts  in  Pennsyl- 
vania pronounced  the  2-cent  law  of  that  State  unconstitutional.  The  passenger  rates 
effective  Jn  the  various  States  on  December  1  follow,  all  being  applicable  to  interstate  traffic: 

Alabama,  2%  cents;  Arkansas,  2  cents;  Georgia,  2  cents  on  the  Atlanta  and  West  Point 
Railway,  2%  cents  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line  and  on  the  Georgia  Railway;  2iX>  cents  on 
the  Central  of  Georgia,  Southern  Railway,  Seaboard  Air  Line,  Georgia  Southern  and  Florida 
and  on  the  Alabama  Great  Southern,  and  3  cents  on  all  other  railroads.  Illinois,  2  cents; 
Indiana,  2  cents;  Iowa,  2  cents.  Maryland  roads  charging  more  than  2  cents  shall  issue 
mileage  books  at  2  cents  per  mile.  Michigan,  2  cents  on  the  Lower  Peninsula,  3  cents  on 
tive  Upper  Peninsula;  Minnesota,  2  cents;  Mississippi,  2  cents;  Missouri,  2  cents;  Nebraska, 
2  cents;  New  York,  3  cents  (except  on  the  New  York  Centi-al,  which  charges  2  cents),  2-cent 
rmileage  books;  North  Carolina,  2^4  cents;  North  Dakota,  2V>  cents,  and  2-centj  mileage 
■'books;  Ohio,  2  cents;  Pennsylvania.  2  cents;  South  Dakota,  2^/^  cents;  Virginia,  2  cents  on 
'trunk  lines,  all  other  roads  21/^  to  3i^  cents;  West  Virginia,  2  cents;  Wisconsin,   2  cents. 

The  New  York,  New  Haven  and  Hartford  voluntarily  reduced  its  rates  to  2  cents 
per  mile. 

On  July  1,  1907,  all  the  Hill  lines  began  issuing  3,000-mile  mileage  books  at  2i/^  cents 
per  mile. 

These  were  all  the  States  in  which  laws  were  enacted  regulating  interstate  passenger 
rates.  In  a  number  of  States  the  rates  were  accepted  by  the  railroads,  but  in  Alabama, 
North   Carolina,    Nebraska.    Virginia   and   Mississippi   litigation   is   pending. 

Judge  Vandeventer,  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court,  on  August  1,  1907,  issued  an 
injunction  restraining  the  State  of  Arkansas  from  declarin'g  forfeited  the  property  of  the 
Rock  Island  Railroad  in  that  State  and  collecting  a  fine  of  $1,000  per  day  for  violations 
of  the  State  statutes.  This  decision  was  based  on  the  ground  that,  as  the  Rock  Island  is 
an  Iowa  corporation,  it  had  a  rjght  to  be  heard  in  a  United  States  Court. 

The  Pennsj'lvania  2-cent  fare  law  was  pronounced  unconstitutional  by  two  courts  on 
the  gi-ound  that  it  is  virtually  confiscatory. 

CONFLICT   OF  JURISDICTION  IN  NORTH   CAROLINA. 

The  2'%,-c&i\t  rate  act  in  North  Carolina  aroused  considerab'.e  friction  between  the 
Pederal  and  State  authorities,  and  a  serious  clash  was  threatened.  The  situation  was  so 
acute  at  one  time  that  President  Roosevelt  and  Attorney-General  Bonaparte  sent  Edward  T. 
Sanford,  an  assistant  in  the  Department  of  Justice,  to  North  Carolina,  where  he  conferred 
with  both  factions,  counselled  a  compromise,  and  succeeded  in  bringing  about  an  arrange- 
ment of  differences. 

Before  the  North  Carolina  law  went  into  effect  the  Southern  Railroad  obtained  an 
injunction  from  Judge  Pritchard.  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court,  restraining  the  State 
Railroad  Commission  and  others  from  enforcing  the  act.  It  was  provided  in  the  order, 
at  the  suggestion  of  the  railroad  company,  that  each  person  who  purchased  a  ticket  should 
be  griven  a  coupon  entitling  the  holder  to  recover  the  difference  between  2 14  cents  a  mile 
and   the   rate   charged. 

Governor  Glenn  and  other  parties  declared  this  to  be  a  defiance  of  the  State,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  arrest  ticket  agents  of  the  Southern  at  Asheville  and  Raleigh.  The  agents  at 
Asheville  were  released  on  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus  by  Judge  Pritchard.  Those  at  Raleigh 
were  assessed  a  nominal  fine,  and  the  railroad  company  was  fined  $.30,000.  The  agents  paid 
their  fine.  An  appeal  was  taken  from  the  $.30,000  fine  to  the  State  Supreme  Court.  The 
case  has  been  argued  and  submitted,   but  a  decision  not  yet  rendered. 

After  the  proceedings  at  Asheville,  when  it  became  apparent  that  the  railroad  would  be 
involved  in  an  ugly  controversy  with  the  State,  the  company  jielded  temporarily  the  pro- 
tection of  the  United  States  Court  and  asked  Judge  Pritchard  to  modify  his  order  so  as 
to  make  the  214-cent  rate  effective  pending  proceedings  in  his  court.  This  was  done  under 
an  agreement  with  Governor  Glenn  and  the  State  Railroad  Commission.  The  agreement 
was  put  into  effect  August  8.  It  is  provided  -that  the  State  shall  appeal  from  Judge 
Pritchard's  decree  releasing  the  Asheville  agents  on  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus.  Also  that 
an  appeal  be  taken  in  the  Raleigh  case.  Both  cases  will  be  advanced  in  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court.  No  moi-e  indictments  will  be  found  or  prosecutions  brought  until  the 
cases  are  determined. 

Judge  Pritchard  appointed  ex-Judge  Walter  P.  Montgomery  master  to  take  testimony 
in  the  cases.  The  railroad  has  presented  its  side,  but  the  case  for  the  State  is  still  open, 
delay  having  been  requested. 

LEGISLATION    IN    NORTH     CAROLINA, 

The  passenger  traffic  situation  also  became  acute  in  Alabama,  through  the  misunder- 
standing of  a  country  lawyer,  and  threats  were  made  that  the  licenses  of  certain  trunk 
lines  would  be  revoked  by  Governor  Comer.  The  Alabama  Legislature  passed  a  law 
reducing  passenger  rates  to  2y->  cents  per  mile  and  providing  a  maximum  freight  rate  on 
110  specific  commodities.  Also  an  act  that  any  railroad  undertaking  to  transfer  a  suit 
from  a  State  to  a  Federal  Court  should  forfeit  its  charter.  Judge  Jones  issued  an  injunc- 
tion  against  the  passenger  and  freight  laws. 

An  old  statute  of  the  State  provides  that  any  foreign  Corporation,  not  specifying  rail- 
roads, seeking  to  transfer  a  suit  shall  have  its  license  revoked.  The  enforcement  of  this 
act  was  not  enjoined  by  Judge  Jones.  A  local  attorney  presented  a  motion  to  have  a  case 
not  arising  under  any  of  the  new  legislation   transferred  to  a   United   States   Court.     The 


304  Prosecutloois   Under  the  Anti-Hehate  Law. 


Secretary  of  State  immediately  revoked  the  license  of  the  Southern  Railroad  to  do  business 
in  the  State.  The  company  yielded,  and  promised  to  put  the  2V:«-cent  rate  into  effect 
pending  a  decision  of  the  Courts.  The  Atlantic  Coast  Line  and  other  roads  at  first  refused 
to  join  in  this  agreement  and  continued  the  old  rates.  They  did  not  seek  to  transfer  suits, 
and  their  licenses  could  not  be  revoked.  On  December  8  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line  officials, 
after  a  long  conference  with  Governor  Comer,  agreed  to  stop  further  litigation  and  accept 
the  new  State  laws  on  the  same  conditions  which  the  Southern  and  other  roads  came  under. 

The  Mobile  and  Ohio,  and  Alabama  and  Great  Southern  made  an  agreement  which  be- 
came effective  December  1,  I'JOT,  to  charge  a  passenger  rate  of  2%  cents  per  mile. 

In  \'irginia,  after  an  investigation  by  the  Corporations  Commission,  an  order  was  issued 
that  certain  main  line  railroads  in  the  State  should  not  charge  more  than  2  cents  per  mile. 
Less  important  lines  and  branch  roads  were  permitted  to  charge  graded  rates  up  to  '6\-i 
cents  per  mile. 

The  Southern  Railroad  obtained  an  injunction  against  the  Corporations  Commission  on 
the  ground  that  its  action  was  unconstitutional,  confiscatory,  and  that  it  had  no  jurisdiction. 
After  the  North  Carolina  troubles  were  settled,  the  Southern  made  an  agreement  to  ob- 
.serve  the  order  issued  by  the  Virginia  Corporations  Commission,  pending  proceedings  in  the 
Courts.     No  testimony  has  yet  been  taken  in  this  case. 


J^rostcutton  of  trusts  li^  tijc  S^lnitetr  cStatcs. 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  Sherman  Anti-Trust  Law,  the  United  States  Government 
brought  six  important  actions  against  corporations  alleged  to  be  combinations  in  restraint 
of  trade  during  the  year  1007.  Only  two  of  these  have  been  decided,  and  in  each  a  con- 
viction was  secured.  The  remainder  of  the  cases  are  p(.ndiag.  The  principal  actions  and 
their  status  on  December  1  were  as  follows: 

March  12 — Indictment  returned  against  the  American  Seating  Company  et  al,  in  the 
District  Court  of  the  Northern  District  of  Illinois,  charged  with  beang  a  combination  in 
restraint  of  trade  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  school  furniture.  On  April  1  all  de- 
fendant corporations  except  one,  the  E.  H.  Stafford  Manufacturing  Companj',  entered 
jjleas  of  guilty  and  fines  aggregating  $4o,000  were  imposed   on  May  20. 

April  4 — Indictment  returned  against  the  Santa  Rita  Miming  Company  and  the  Santa 
Rita  Store  Company  in  the  District  of  New  Mexico,  charging  them  with  being  a  com- 
bination in  restraint  of   trade.    Fine  of  $1,000  imposed. 

June  12— Bill  in  equity  filed  in  the  Circuit  Court  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsyl- 
vania against  the  Reading  Company  et  al,  to  dissolve  a  combination  among  the  anthra- 
cite coal  carrying  roads  and  others. 

July  1 — Indictment  returned  in  the  District  Court  of  Eastern  Pennsylvania  against  the 
National  Umbrella  Frame  Company  et  al,  charging  a  consiiiracy  to  restrain  interstate 
trade  and  commerce  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  umbrella  material. 

July  10 — Bill  in  equity  filed  in  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  Southern  District  of  New  York 
against  the  American  Tobacco  Company  and  others,  charging  them  with  maintaining  a 
coiTtbination   in   restraint   of  trade   in   the   manufacture   and   sale   of  tobacco. 

July  30— Bill  in  equity  filed  in  the  Circuit  Court  for  the  District  of  Delaware  against 
E.  I.  Du  Pont,  de  Nemours  &  Co.  and  others,  in  which  it  is  alleged  they  are  maintaining 
a  combination  in  restraint  of  trade  in  the  manufacture  of  gunpowder  and  other  high 
explosives. 


Prosecutions  ^aiitrti*  tljc  .^nti^^ilcijatr  ILaU)* 

Thirty-four  actions  were  brought  during  the  year  1007  under  the  provisions  of  tho 
Elkins  act,  forbidding  the  giving  or  acceptance  of  rebates.  Only  three  of  these  were 
decided,  and  in  all  the  Government  secured  convictions.  Heavy  fines  were  imposed.  The 
actions  and  their  status  on  December  1,   1007,   Were  as  follows: 

United  States  vs.  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railway  Company  (Southern  Dis- 
trict of  New  York).  May  7.  1007,  indictment  returned  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins 
act  in  giving  and  granting  rebates  on  coffee.  May  13,  1007,  plea  of  not  guilty  with  leave 
to  withdraw  within  one  week.  May  20.  1007.  plea  of  not  guilty  withdrawn  and  plea  of 
guilty  to   first   and  second   counts   of  indictment.      Fined   $20,000. 

United  States  vs.  Chicago.  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway  Company  (Southern  Dis- 
trict of  New  York).  May  7,  1007.  indictment  returned  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins 
act  in  giving  and  granting  rebates  on  coffee.  May  16,  1007,  plea  of  guilty  on  first  and 
third   counts   of   indictment.      Fined   $20,000. 

United  States  vs.  New  York,  Ontario  and  Western  P,.ailway  Company  (Southern  Dis- 
trict of  New  York).  May  7,  1007,  indictment  returned  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins 
act  in  giving  and  granting  rebates  on  coffee.  May  13,  1007,  plea  of  not  guilty  with  leave 
to  withdraw.      Pending. 

United  States  vs.  Western  Transit  Company  (Southern  District  of  New  York").  May 
1.  1007.  indictment  returned  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins  act  in  g-iving  and  granting 
rebates   on   sugar.      June   6,    1007.    plea   of   guiltv.      Fined  $10,000. 

United  States  vs.  W.  H.  Bennett  (District  Court  of  Northern  Ohio).  June  7.  1007. 
indictment  returned  under  the  Elkins  act  for  offering,  granting,  and  giving  rebates. 
Pending. 

United  States  vs.  Central  Vermont  Railwav  Company  (Southern  District  of  New  York"). 
June  18,  1007,  indictment  returned  under  the  Elkins  act  for  offering,  granting,  and  giving 
rebates.     June  24.   1007.  plea  of  not  guiltv  with   leave  to  withdraw.     Pending. 

Ignited  States  vs.  Chicago.  Indianapolis  and  Louisville  Railway  Company  (Circuit  Court 
of  Northern  Illinois),  June  10,  1007,  petition  filed  to  enjoin  said  company  from  deviating 
from   its  published  tariff*.      Pending. 

United  States  vs.  t^nlt?d  States  Expre^j;-  Company  et  al  (Circuit  Court  of  Northern 
Illlnci{«>u     July  2.   J»o?,  .ts>ct(*'anq  /<!*=■«  vndor  Section  S  oC  th«  Eikina  »ot  to  teat  law  with 


Prosecutlo7is   Under  the  Anti-Hehate  JLaw.  305 

reference    to    the    issuance    of    fr?vaks    by    said    companies.      July    2,    1007,    stipulations    and 
answers   filed.     Pending. 

Ignited  States  vs.  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company  (District  Court  of  Northern  Cali- 
fornia). September  2S,  1907.  indictment  returned  under  the  Interstate  Commcrc-e  I>a\v 
(eight  counts)  charging  the  shipping  of  matting  at  less  than  filed  tariff  from  Kobe  through 
San  Francisco  to  points  in  the  East.     Case  pending. 

T'nited  States  vs.  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company  (District  Court  of  Xorthern  Cali- 
fornia). September  2S,  1007,  indictment  returned  undei*  the  Interstate  Commerce  I^aw 
(eight  counts)  charging  the  shipping  of  matting  at  less  than  legal  tariff  from  Kobe 
through  San  Francisco   to  points  in  the  East.     Case  pending. 

fnited  States  vs.  Southern  Pacific  Company  (District  Court  of  Xorthern  California). 
September  28,  1907.  indictment  returned  under  the  Interstate  Commerce  I^aw  (eig-ht  counts) 
charging  the  forwarding  of  matting  from  Kobe  to  San  Francisco  at  less  than  its  filed 
tariff.     Case  pending. 

Ignited  States  vs.  Southern  Pacific  Company  (Dis.trict  Court  of  Xorthern  California). 
September  2S,  1907.  indictment  returned  under  the  Interstate  Commerce  Law  (fifty  counts) 
charging  the  forwarding  of  fifty  parcels  of  matting  from  Kobe  through  San  Francisco  to 
points  in   the  East  at  less  than  filed  rate.      Case  pending. 

United  States  vs.  Southern  Pacific  Company  (District  Court  of  Xorthern  California), 
.^■rptember  28,  1007.  indictment  returned  under  the  Int<^rstate  Commerce  Law  (fifty  counts^ 
charging  the  forwarding  of  fifty  parcels  of  matting  from  San  Francisco  to  final  destina- 
tions at  less   than  filed  tariff.      Case  pending. 

United  States  vs.  Mutual  Transit  Company.  Information  filed  February  27,  1907,  in 
the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  Western  District  of  Xew  York  against  the  Mutual 
Transit  Company  for  giving  rebates  in  violation  of  the  Elkins  act.  April  1,  1907,  demurrer 
filed.     May  24.   1907.   demm-rer  overruled.     Case  pending. 

T"^nited  States  vs.  Mutual  Transit  Company.  Information  filed  February  27.  1007.  in 
the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  Western  District  of  Xew  York  against  the  Mutual 
Transit  Company  for  giving  rebates  in  violation  of  the  Elkins  act.  April  1,  1007,  demurrer 
filed.     May  24.   1907.   demm-rer  overruled.     Case  pending. 

United  States  vs.  Xew  York  Central  and  Hud.son  River  Railroad  Company  (District 
Court  of  Western  Xew  York).  August  0.  1007.  indictment  returned  charging  a  violation 
of  the  Elkins  act  (188  counts)   in  giving  and  granting  rebates.     Case  pending. 

United  States  vs.  Xew  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  Railroad  Company  (District 
Court  of  Western  Xew  York).  August  0,  1007,  indictment  returned  (forty  counts)  charging 
a  violation   of   the   Elkins   act  in   giving  and   granting   rebates.      Case   pending. 

United  States  vs.  Xew  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  Railroad  Company  and  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  Company  (District  Court  of  Western  X'ew  York*.  August  9,  1007,  in- 
dictment returned  (188  counts)  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins  act  in  giving  and  grant- 
ing rebates.      Case  pending. 

Ignited  States  vs.  Xew  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  Railroad  Company  and  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  Company  (District  Court  of  Western  Xew  York).  August  9,  1007,  indict- 
ment returned  (40  counts)  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins  act  in  giving  and  granting 
rebates.      Case  pending. 

United  States  vs.  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  (District  Court  of  Western  Xew 
York).  August  9.  1007.  indictment  returned  (188  counts)  charging  a  violation  of  the  El- 
kins  act   in   giving  and   granting  rebates.      Case   pending. 

United  States  vs.  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  (District  Court  of  Western  Xew 
York).  August  9,  1007.  indictment  returned  (forty  counts)  charging  a  violation  of  the 
Elkins  act   in  giving  and   granting  rebates.      Case  pending. 

United  States  vs.  Vacuum  Oil  Company  (District  Court.  Western  Xew  York).  August 
9.  1007.  indictment  returned  (188  counts)  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins  act  in  accept- 
ing and   receiving  rebates.      Case   pending. 

T'nited  States  vs.  Vacuum  Oil  Company  (District  Court  of  TVestern  X'ew  York).  August 
9.  1007.  indictment  returned  (forty  counts)  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins  acti  in 
accepting  and   receiving  rebates.      Case  pending. 

Ignited  States  vs.  Standard  Oil  Company  (District  Count  of  Western  Xew  York).  August 
9.  1907.  indictment  returned  (189  counts)  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins  act  in  accept- 
ing and  receiving  rebates.     Case  pending. 

United  States  vs.  Standard  Oil  Company  (District  Court  of  "Western  X^'ew  York).  August 
9.  1907.  indictment  returned  (forty  counts)  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins  act  in  accept- 
ing and   receiving  rebates.      Case  pending. 

United  States  vs.  Xew  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  Railroad  Company  (District 
Court  of  Western  Xew  York).  August  9.  1907.  indictment  returned  (114  counts)  charging 
a  violation   of  the  Elkins  act  in  giving  and  granting  rebates.      Case  pending. 

United  States  vs.  Standard  Oil  Company  and  Vacuum  Oil  Company  (District  Court  of 
Western  Xew  York).  August  9.  1007.  indictment  returned  (fifty-seven  counts)  charging 
a  violation  of  the  Elkins  act  in  accepting  and  receiving  rebates.      Case  pending. 

T'nited  States  vs.  Standard  Oil  Company  (District  Court  of  Western  Xew  York).  August 
9.  1007,  indictment  returned  (114  counts)  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins  act  in  accept- 
ing and  receiving  rebates.     Case  pending. 

T'nited  States  vs.  Vacuum  Oil  Company  fDistrict  Court  of  Western  Xew  York).  August 
9,  1907.  indictment  returned  (114  counts)  charging  a  violation  of  the  Elkins  act  in  accept- 
ing and   receiving  rebates.     Case  pending. 

United  States  vs.  Atchison.  To])eka  and  Santa  Fe  Railway  Company  (District  Court 
of  Southern  California).  Januarv  9.  1007.  indictment  returned  charging  a  violation  of  the 
Elkins  act  in  granting  and  giving  rebates.  A^^T-ii  17.  1907,  demurrer  filed.  April  20, 
1907.   demtirrer  overruled.      September  ?>0,    1007.   trial;   verdict  of  guilty   on   all   counts. 

United  States  vs.  Atchison,  Topeka,  ajid  Santa  Fe  Railway  Company  (District  Court 
of  Southern  California).  January  »,  1907,  Indictment  returned  "charging  a  violation  of  the 
Elkins  act  in   granting  and  giving  rebates.     April   17,   iM\~^   derrnrne.!-  filed:     April  26,   1907> 


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,_^ ■  — " 

*  Trust,  as  popularly  understood,  means  a  consolidation,  combine,  pool,  or  agreement 
of  two  or  more  naturally  competing  concerns,  which  establishes  a  limited  monopoly  with 
power  to  fix  prices  or  rates  in  any  industry  or  group  of  industries. 

t  These  2r>l  industrial  combinations  or  trusts,  Avith  a  total  capital  of  .$G, 905. 700,000  are 
selected  (with  very  few  exceptions*  from  over  l..">tH)  of  the  corporations  described  in  *  "Moo- 
dy's Manual  of  Corporation  Statistics."  Mr.  Moody  says  in  his  '"Truth  About  the  Trusts" 
that  there  are  in  the  United  States  over  440  large  industrial,  franchise,  and  transportation 
trusts  of  an  important  and  active  character,  with  a  total  floating  capital  of  $20,:i70,162,511. 

%  The  amount  of  stock  issued  is  taken  when  known;  when  not  known  the  amount 
authorized  Js  given. 

§  The  rates  of  dividend  given  on  preferred  stocks  are  usually  the  rates  to  which  these 
stocks  are  entitled.  The  rates  actually  paid  are  often  less,  especially  when  no  dividend  is 
paid  on  the   common   stock. 

*\  The  I'nited  States  Steel  Corporation  acquired  the  following  amounts  (practically  all) 
of  the  stocks  of  the  following  companies:  Federal  Steel  Co.  pfd.  .$j3,2G0.!>00,  com.  $4(3,4.S4,:'.0!); 
National  Tube  Co.  pfd.  $40,000,000,  com.  .$40,000,000;  Am.  S.  &  W.  Co.  (N,  J.)  pfd. 
$40,000,000,  com.  $.J0.O0O.O00;  National  Steel  Co.  pf.  $27,000,000,  com.  $:{2.000.000;  Am.  Tin 
Plate  Co.  pfd.  $  IS.. •'.2.".,  000,  com.  $28,000,000;  Am.  Steel  Hoop  Co.  pfd.  $14,000,000,  com. 
$19,000,000;  Am.  Sheet  Steel  Co.  pfd.  $24,a00,000.  com.  $24..")00.000;  Am.  Bridge  Co.  pfd. 
$:iO,527.SOO,  com.  $a0,.j27.S00;  Lake  Superior  Consol.  Iron  Mines  Co.,  .$20. 42."). 940;  Shelhv 
Steel  Tube  Co.  pfd.  $0,000,000,  com.  $S,175,000;  Carnegie  Co.,  $160,000,000  (also  $l.")n.9.->7.00:) 
"bonds);  Union  Steel  Co.,  ,$20,000,000,  and,  through  Union  Steel  Co.,  acquired  entire  stocks 
of  Donora  Mining  Co..  Republic  Coke  Co..  River  Coal  Co.,  Sharon  Coke  Co.,  Sharon  Ore 
Co.,  Sharon  Sheet  Steel  Co.,  and  control  of  Sharon  Coal  &  Limestone  Co.  and  Sharon  Tin 
Plate  Co.  April  1,  190:5.  the  Am.  Coke  Co.,  Continental  Coke  Co.,  H.  C.  Frick  Coke  Co., 
McClure  Coke  Co.,  South  '^Vest  Connellsville  Coke  Co.  and  United  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  were 
merged  under  the  name  of  the  H.  C.  Frick  Coke  Co.  December.  190."},  Am.  Sheet  Steel  Co. 
purchased  the  pi-operty  of  Am.  Tin  Plate  Co.  and  name  changed  to  Am.  Sheet  Tin  Plate 
Co.  In  May,  19(V4.  acquired  the  Clairton  Steel  Co.,  and,  througli  it,  St.  Clair  Furnace  Co., 
Champion  Iron  Co..  Clairton  Land  Co.,  St.  Clair  Terminal  R.R.  Co.  and  r>l  per  cent,  of 
the  St.  Clair  Limestone  Co.  In  April,  190."i,  acquired  Hecla  Coke  Co.  November.  1907, 
Tennessee  Coal.  Iron  and  Railroad  Co.  April  l.">.  l^^Ol,  leased  on  a  royalty  basis  ore  prop- 
erties then  owned  in  fee  or  leased  to  Great  Northern  Ry.  Co..  Northern  Pacific  Ry.  Co. 
and  others.  This  lease  i.s  to  be  taken  over  and  held  by  the  Oreat  Western  Mining  Co.  as 
a  subsidiary  of  the  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation.  The  lease  is  to  continue  until  ore  is  exhausted, 
unless  terminated  by  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation  on  .lanuai-y  1.  191.";.  The  roj'alty  is  $l.(;."i  per 
gross  ton  for  .")9  per  cent.  ore.  increasing  .">  4-10  cents  per  ton  each  year  after  1907.  Seven 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  tons  as  a  mininnjm  are  to  be  mined  and  shipjied  in  VM^l.  with 
yearly  increases  of  7oO,000  tons  thereafter  until  output  reaches  8,250,000  tons,  after  which 
niinimmn   continues  on  that  basis. 

The  various  securities  of  the  United  States  Steel  Corporation  and  its  subsidiary  com- 
panies outstanding  on  November  7,    19(>7,    were  as  follows: 

3,602,811   shares    preferred   stock  U.  S.  Steel  Corp.  par  value  (dividends  7  p.  c.),.  $.'56O,2S1.10O.0O 
5,083,025  shares   common  stock  U.  S.  Steel  Corp.  par  value  (dividends  2  p.  c.)..,     508,302.500.00 

Total    stock    $S68,5S3,600.00 

Stock  of  subsidiary  companies,  not  held  by  U.   S.   Steel  Corp 20,400.0t) 

.  $«6S.604.000.OO 

Bonds  and  debentures  of  U,  S.   Steei  Corp.   and  subsidiary  companies 533.993, S73. 31 

Treasury  bonds   used   to  acquire  Tenn.  Coal,  Iron  ■&  R.R.  Co.,  November,  1907.       30.000,000.00 

Aggregate  par  value  of  outstanding  securities $1.4.'>2,."(97,S73..']1 

The  company's  balance  sheet  of  June  30,  1907,  gives  the  following  as  chief  items  of  assets: 

Property $l,3S8,10S.23S.2:j 

Advanced  payments  chargeable   to    future    operations 3  573  961  3:{ 

Investments     40..S95,368. 10 

Material,    accounts,    securities,    etc 200  113  *»"'5  %8 

Cash  on   hand 70',470,'725;iO 

Total     $1,703,168,118^ 

Besides  the  incorporated  industrial  trusts  there  are  innumerable  price  and  rate-fixing 
agreements,  profit-sharing  pools,  selling  or  buying  agencies,  product-restricting  agreements 
etc.  They  exist  in  nearly  every  industry  and  in  nearly  every  State  and  city.  They  are 
often  very  effective  for  longer  or  shorter  periods.  Thus,  much  of  the  profits  "of  the  "steel- 
raii  makers  during  the  last  twenty  years  is  due  to  the  Steel-Rail  Manufacturers'  Associa- 
tion. Pools  or  agreements  control  the  prices  of  steel  beams,  steel  billets,  armor  plate  and 
in  fact,  with  intermittent  relapses,  the  prices  of  most  important  steel  and  hardware 
products.  The  price  for  iron  ores  in  the  Great  Lakes  districts  is  fixed  vearly  by  the 
Bessemer  and  non-Bessemer  .Associations.  The  .Anthracite  Coal  Trust  was  never  niore^  than 
an  agreement  by  the  principal  carrying  railroads  as  to  production,   freight  rates  and  prir^.c; 

A\  holesale  .and  retail  grocers  and  druggists  are  more  or  less  effective  in  controlling 
prices  in  most  States  and  cities.  Lumber  dealers  and  chemical  manufacturers  have  many 
price  and   selling  agreements   or  pools. 

Natural  monopolies,  such  as  railroads,  street  railways,  gas,  electric  light  and  water 
companies  are  not  classed  as  trusts  because  they  are  not  composed  of  naturally  competing 
concerns.  Consolidations  and  price  and  rate-fixing  agreements  in  these  industries  exist 
m  nearly  ev&ry  State  and  city  in  the  country. 

Many  of  the  combinations  in  these  lines  are  very  important.  Our  greatest  railroads 
have  rate-fixing  agreements  or  "immunity  of  interest"  understandings  for  controlling- 
rates  and  the  distribution  of  freights.  Besides,  they  are  rapidly  coming  together,  through 
absorption  Into  larger  companies,  so  that  9om»*tJtjow,  no  Jonffer  »xlsts  in  most  sections  ot 
Uie  cQuntryi 


llecord  of  Invents  in  1901. 


313 


2:iccortr  of  liUcnts  in  1907. 


Jan.  1.  The  Pare  Food  law  went  into  effect. 

Jan.  3.  French  Church  and  State  Separation  law 
Was  promulgated. 

Jan.  9.  Mohammed  Ali  Mirza  became  Shah  of 
Persia . 

Jim.  P.  General  Pavlov,  Military  Procurator, 
was  killed  by  Terrorists  at  St.  PeteisburK. 

Jan.  14.  An  earthquake  destroyed  a  large  part  of 
Kint;stou,  Jamaica. 

Jan.  23.  Tehnantepec  National  Railroad  opened 
by  President  Diaz  of  Mexico. 

Jan.  24.  John  F.  Stevens  succeeded  Theodore  P. 
Shouts  as  head  of  the   Panama  Canal  Commission. 

Feb.  7.  John  D.  Rockefeller  gave  $32,000,000  to 
the  General  Education  Board. 

Feb.  11.  King  Edward  opened  the  British  Par- 
liament. 

Feb.  11.  Joy  Line  Steamer  Larchmont  sank  in 
Long  Island  Sound,  drowning  over  100. 

Feb.  12.  Ex-Gov.  Frank  W.  Higgins  of  New  York 
died. 

Feb.  16.  Accident  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad  at  Williamsbridge,  N.  Y.,  killed  20  find 
injured  150. 

Feb.  18.  Honduran  troops  attacked  Nicaraguans 
on  frontier  and  were,  defeated. 

Feb  20.  The  United  States  Senate  voted  in  favor 
of  Reed  Smoot  as  Senator  from  Utah — 51  to  37. 

Feb.  21.  Steamer  Berlin  was  wrecked  ofif  the  Hook 
of  Holland  and  128  passengers  and  crew  were 
drowned. 

Feb.  22.  Honduras  declared  war  against  Nica- 
ragua. 

Feb.  25.  Ambassador  Bryce  presented  his  creden- 
tials at  the  White  House. 

Feb.  26.  Major  Gonthals  was  appointed  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  Panama  Canal. 

March  1.  A  suit  for  an  accounting  of  the  affairs 
of  Mary  Baker  Eddy  was  begun  at  Concord,  N.  H. 

March  2.  The  City  of  London  voted  municipal 
ownership  a  failure. 

March  4.  Governor  Swettenham,  of  Jamaica,  re- 
signed. 

March  4.  The  Fifty-ninth  Congress  expired. 

March  5.  The  Russian  Duma  was  opened  with 
revo.ufionary  demonstrations  by  the  people  of  St. 
Petti.-burg. 

March  12.  An  explosion  on  the  French  battle- 
ship Jena  killed  117  persons. 

March  12.  Mrs.  Russell  Sage  created  the  Sage 
Foundation  with  $10,000,000  for  philanthropic  work. 

March  12.  Jean  Paul  Casimir-Perier,  ex-Presi- 
dent of  France,  died. 

March  14.  Great  floods  at  Pittsburgh;  water  the 
highest  in  seventy  years. 

March  19.  Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich  died. 


March  21.  American  marines  landed  in  Hon- 
duras. 

March  22.  The  British  House  of  Commons  re- 
jected the  bill  to  introduce  the  nir-tric  system  into 
(ireat  Britain. 

March  22.  The  Russian  evacuation  of  Manchuria 
was  completed. 

March  28.  A  derailment  on  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  near  Colton,  Cal.,  killed  twenty-six  per- 
sons. 

March  29.  French  troops  occupied  Oudja,  Mo- 
rocco. 

April  2.  Fred.  A.  Busse,  Republican,  defeated 
Edward  K.  Dunne,  Democrat,  for  Mayor  of  Chicago, 
the  traction  ordinances  being  adopted  in  the  same 
election. 

■     April  5.  Andrew  Carnegie   gave  $6,000,000  to  the 
Carnegie  Institute  at  Pittsburgh. 

April  8.  The  LTnited  States  Supreme  Court  de- 
cided that  the  Isle  of  Pines  is  not  American  ter- 
ritory. 

April  11.  Lord  Cromer  resignei  as  British  Agent 
and  Consul  General  in  Egypt,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Sir  Eldon  Gorst. 

April  14  A  National  Arbitration  and  Peace  Con- 
gress was  opened  in  New  York. 

April  15.  Great  Britain  reduced  the  rate  of  post- 
age on  newspapers,  magazines  and  trade  journals, 
from  8  to  2  cefits  per  pound. 

April  15.  An  earthquake  destroyed  Chilpancingo 
and    Chilapa,  towns  of  Mexico,  with  great  loss  of' 
life. 

April  19.  Iloilo,  Island  of  Panay.  P.  I.,  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire  ;  20,000  made  homeless. 

April  20.  The  Porte  accepted  the  five  demands  of 
the  European  Powers. 

April  ?3.  Treaty  of  Peace  between  Salvador  and 
Nicaragua  was  signed  at  Amafaia. 

April  26.  The  Jamestown  Tercentenary  Exposi- 
tion was  formally  opened  by  President  Roosevelt. 

May  4.  Ernest  W.  Huffcut,  legal  adviser  to  the 
Governor  of  New  York,  committed  suicide. 

May  6.  Rev.  John  Watson  ("Ian  Maclaren")died. 

May  9.  General  Kuroki  of  Japan  and  the  Duke  of 
AbriJzzi  visited  Washington. 

May  10.  A  male  heir  to  the  Spanish  throne  was 
born. 

May  14.  The  Reichstag  finally  passed  a  German- 
American  commercial  agreement. 

May  29.  The  widow  of  President  McKinley  was 
buried  at  Canton,  O. 

June  1.  The  Waters-Pierce  Oil  Company  having 
been  found  guilty  of  violating  the  anti-trust  laws 
ot  Texas,  was  fined  $1,6.;3,900. 

June  5.  Richard  Croker's  Orby  won  the  Eng- 
lish Derby. 

June  6.  The  Golden  Wedding  of  King  Oscar  and 
Queen  Sophia  of  Sweden  was  celebrated. 


314 


jRecord  of  Invents  in  1907. 


RECORD   OF  EVENTS  IN  IQOl—Cmtinued. 


June  6.  Governor  Hnghes  of  New  York  signed  the 
Public  Utilities  bill. 

June  10.  A  Franco-Japanese  convention  was 
signed  at  Pans. 

June  10.  Mayors  and  officials  in  French  wine 
growing  districts  resigned  as  a  protest  against  the 
(jovernment. 

June  11.  United  States  Senator  John  T.Morgan, 
of  Alabama,  died. 

June  13.  Mayor  Eugene  Schmitz,  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, was  found  guilty  of  extortion. 

June  14.  Norwegian  Parliament  granted  limited 
suffrage  to  women  with  an  age  limit  and  property 
qualification. 

June  15.  The  second  Peace  Conference  at  The 
Hngue  was  opened. 

June  15.  The  Russian  Duma  was  dissolved. 

June  18.  The  French  chamber  voted  to  suppress 
the  agitation  in  the  wine  growing  districts  by  force. 

June  20.  The  Mayor  of  New  York  turned  the  first 
sod  in  the  construction  of  the  Oatskili  Water  Sup- 
ply. 

June  24.  President  Roosevelt  signed  a  treaty  with 
San  Domingo. 

June  26.  M.  Albert,  the  leader  of  the  wine  grow- 
ers in  Southern  France,  surrendered. 

June  30.  United  States  fiscal  year  closed  with  a 
surplus  of  $87,000,000. 

July  14.  Sir  William  H.  Perkin,  the  discoverer  of 
aniline  colors,  died. 

July  15.  Ten  persons  killed  by  an  explosion  in  a 
turret  of  the  U.  S.  battleship  Georgia. 

July  18.  Heat  prostrated  3,000  persons  at  a  parade 
of  Elks  in  Philadelphia. 

.Tuly  19.  The  Korean  Emperor  abdicated  in  favor 
of  the  Crown  Prince. 

July  20.  In  a  wreck  on  the  Pere  Marquette  Rail- 
road, near  Salem,  Mich.,  thirty  were  killed  and 
seventy  injured. 

July  21.  The  steamer  Columbia  sank  off  the 
California  coast  and  fifty  persons  were  drowned. 

July  25.  Japan  assumed  control  of  Korea. 

July  27.  United  States  Senator  Edmund  W. 
Pettus,  of  Alabama,  died. 

July  28.  William  D.  Haywood  was  acquitted  at 
Boise  City  of  the  murder  of  Ex-Govei-nor  Steunen- 
berg  of  Idaho. 

July  28.  A  $1,500,000  fire  occurred  at  Coney  Island, 
N.  Y. 

July  30.  The  foundation  stone  of  the  Carnegie 
Palace  of  Peace  at  The  Hague  was  laid. 

July  31.  The  Moroccan  tribesmen  attacked  Casa- 
blanca. 

Aug.  3.  Augustus  Saint  Gaudens  died.  , 

Aug.  3.  Stan  lard  Oil  Company  was finedS29,240. 000 
in  the  U.  S.  District  Court  at  Chicago  for  accepting 
rebates. 


Aug.  7.  The  north  tnbe  of  thtj  Belmont  tunnel 
from  42d  Street,  New  York,  to  Long  Island  City  was 
opened  with  a  parade  through  it  by  2,000  workmen. 

Aug.  15.  King  Edward  of  England  and  Emperor 
Francis  Joseph  met  near  Ischl. 

Aug.  31.  Mirza  Ali  Asghan,  premier  of  Persia,  was 
murdered. 

Aug.  31.  Anglo- Russian  agreement  concerning 
the  control  of  Asia  was  signed. 

Sept.  2.  French  troops  defeated  the  Arab  tribes- 
men at  Casablanca. 

Sept.  4.  Edward  Grieg,  the  composer,  died. 

Sept.  11.  Riotous  demonstrations  against  Japa- 
nese took  place  at  Vancouver,  British  Columbia. 

Sept.  13.  The  Lusitania  completed  her  maiden 
voy  ige  to  New  York  from  Queenstown  in  five  days 
fifty-four  minutes. 

Sept.  16.  Explosion  on  a  Japanese  battleship 
killed  thirty-four  officers  and  men. 

Sept.  17.  Oklahoma  ratified  the  new  constitution 
and  elected  a  Democratic  State  ticket  and  Legis- 
lature. 

Sept.  26.  Cuban  agitators  were  arrested  near 
Havana. 

Sept.  29.  President  Roosevelt  started  on  his 
Western  and  Southern  tour. 

Oct.  8.  Secretary  Taft  was  welcomed  at  Shanghai, 
China, 

Oct.  16.  The  Philippine  Assembly  was  opened  by 
Secretary  Taft. 

Oct.  17.  The  President  killed  a  bear  in  Louisiana. 

Oct.  17.  First  regular  wireless  despatch  over  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  for  commercial  purposes. 

Oct.  18.  Trial  of  Maximilian  Harden,  editor,  at 
Berlin,  for  libelling  Count  von  Moltke  began. 

Oct.  18.  The  Hague  Peace  Conference  closed. 

Oct.  21-30.  Fin-incial  stringency  in  New  York. 
The  Knickerbocker  Trust  Company  and  several 
banks  suspended. 

Nov.  9.  A  second  son  was  born  to  the  crown  prince 
of  Germany. 

Nov.  13.    The  German  Emperor  visited  London. 

Nov.  14.  The  third  Russian  Duma  was  opened. 

Nov.  14.  Charles  T.  Barney,  late  president  of  the 
Knickerbocker  Trust  Company,  New  York,  com- 
mitted suicide. 

Nov.  14.  Protestant  Episcopal  Convention  at  New 
York  condemned  the  removal  of  "In  God  We 
Trust  "  from  the  new  gold  coin. 

Nov.  17.  Secretary  Root  opened  the  Centi-al 
American  Peace  Conference. 


Dec.  4.  Secretary     Taft     visited 
Nicholas  at  St.  Petersburg. 


the     Emperor 


Dec.  11.  ThePresident  announced  his  determina- 
tion to  refuse  a  third  term. 

Dec.  8.  King  Oscar  of  Sweden  died. 

Dec.  16.  The  American  battleship  fleet  departed 
for  the  Pacific  Coast. 


Death  Roll  oj    1007. 


315 


Bcatf)  2^0(1  of    1907. 


Age  at  death  is  given  in  parentheses ;  vocation,  place,  cause,  and  time  of  death  when  known  follow. 


Aaron,    Barney    (77),    pugilist,     Long-    Island. 

May  4. 
Aldrieli,    Thomas    Bailey    (71),    author, 

Boston,  Mass.,   March   19. 
Alger,     Ra.ssell     A.     (71),     Senator    from 

Michigan,    ex- Secretary   of    War,    Washing- 
ton, D.   C,  oedema  of  the  lungs,  Jan.   4. 
Bacon,   Leonard  Woolsey  (77).   clergyman  and 

author,   New   Haven,    Ct.,    May   12. 
Baktr.   Benjamin   (1)7),   engineer,   Pangbourne, 

England.   May   9. 
Baker.    Lucien    (61),    ex-U.    S.    Senator    from 

Kansas,   June  22. 
Barney.   Charles   T.    (.j7),    banker.    New   York, 

suicide.   Nov.   14. 
Barriger,    John    Wilkes    (74),    Brigadier-Gen- 
eral U.   S.  A.    (retired),  Asbury  Park,   heart 

disease,   Dec.   31,    1906. 
Beeoham.   Thomas,  pill  manufacturer,  Liondon. 

April   6. 
Biiton,     Belle     (Countess    of     Clancarty),     re- 
tire'.! actress.   Garbakly  Park,   Ireland,  Dec 

?,\.    1006. 
Berfhelot,  Eugene  Pierre  Marcelin 

(79).       statesman       and       scientist,       Paris. 

March   18. 
Birn'ey.     William    (8S),     Brigadier-General    U. 

S.      A.       (retired),      Washington,       D.       C, 

Aug.    14. 
Blake.   John   Y.    F.    (40).    Colonel   in   the   Boer 

.\rm.v.   New  York,  gas  'pr)isoning.   Jan.  24. 
Blind,    Karl   (SI),    Qerman   revolutionist,    Lon- 
don,  heart   disease.    May  31. 
Blood  j?ood.     Clara,     actress.     Baltimore,    Md., 

su  i  oi  d'^     ^3  Gc     D 
Broad'ben't.     William     Henry     (72).     physician 

to    tTie    roval    family    of    England,    London. 

July  10. 
Buist,     George    Lamb     (09).     South     Carolina 

jurist,     heart     disease,    Charleston.     S.     C, 

Mav  31. 
Bullock,    Ruifus    Bixywn    (73),    ex-Governor    of 

CJeorgia,   April  27. 
CJaifferv.      Donelson      (71).      ex-Senator      from 

Lousiana.   New  Orleans,  La.,  Dec.    30,   1906. 
Carducci,  Giosue  (71).  Italian  poet  and  critic, 

Bologna.   Italy,   pneuimonia.   Feb.    15. 
Cassatt,     Alexander     Johnston      (07). 

President     of     the     Pennsylvania    Railroad, 

Philadelphia,    Pa.,    heart    disease.    Dec.    28, 

1906. 
Casimir-I'erier,       Jean       Paul       (00). 

ex-President   of  France.   Paris,   March   12. 
Cauldwell,      W^iUiam      (S3),      journalist.      New 

York  City,   uremic  poisoning.  Dec.   1. 
Chadwick.  "  Cassie    (•"►0),    bank    defaulter.    Co- 
lumbus. O..    Oct.    10. 
Chamberlain.    Daniel   H.    (72),   ex-Governor   of 

South      Carolina,      lawyer,      Oharlottestourg. 

Va.,   cancer.  April  13. 
Chamipney.    Benjamin    (90),   painter,    Woburn, 

Mass..   Dec.    11. 
Chartran.      Theoibald      (58),      painter,      Paris, 

July   16. 
Clay.    Cecil    (65"».    general    agent    of    the    De- 
partment   of    Justice.    Washington.    D.    C 

Sept.  23. 
Clementine.     Princess     (90).     of     Save-Coburg 

and  Gotha.   Vienna.  Feb.   16. 
Coleman.     Leighton     (70).     P.     E.     Bishop    of 

Delaware    Wilmington.  Del.,   heart  disease, 

Dec.    14. 
Colvar.     Arthur     St.     Clair     (90).     jurist     and 

statesman.   Nashville.   Tenn..    Deo.    13. 
Conger,    Edwin   H.    (64).   former  U.    S.    Minis- 
ter to  China.  Pasadena.  Cal.,  May  17. 
Conway.   Moncure  D.    (75).   author.   Paris,   in- 
tfj-np-l  h'^morrhage,  Nov,  IQ, 


Coubts-Burdett.  Baroness  (92>,  philanthropist, 
Ixindon.   bronchitis.   Dec.    30,    1906. 

Cruvelli,  Sophia  (81),  opera  singer.  Nice, 
Italy.    Nov.    6. 

Cunneen.  John  (50).  e.\-Attorney-General  of 
New  York  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  pneumonia, 
Feb.   21. 

Cutler,  Charles  Frederic  (OG).  president  of 
the  New  York  and  New  Jersey  Telephone 
Company.  iSaranac  Lake.  N.  J.,  heart  dis- 
ease.  May  8. 

Davis.  James  (Owen  Hall),  dramatist,  author 
uf  "Floix)dora,"  London,  England,  gas- 
tritis, April   10. 

De  Bourbin.  Robert  Charles  Louis  Marie 
(59).  ex  Duke  of  Parma.  Reggio,  Italy, 
heart  disease,   Nov.   17. 

Delamater.  Georg^e  W^allace.  political  leader, 
Pittsburgh.    Pa.,   suicide.    Aug.    7. 

De  Peyster,  John  Watts  (SO),  soldier  and 
historian.  New  York,   May  5. 

De  Ros,  BajTon  (80),  Prenr.ier  Baron  of  Eng- 
land. Colonel  of  the  First  Life  Guards, 
■Strangiford,    Ireland,    April   30. 

Do^vie,  John  Alexander  (59).  founder 
of  the  Christian  Catholic  Apostolic  Church, 
Chicago.   111.,  paralysis  .and  dropsy.  March  9. 

Dundy.  Elmer  Sapio  (45),  financier.  New 
York   City,   heart   disease.   Feb.   5. 

Dunmore.  Earl  of  (66),  prominent  Christian 
Scientist,   London.   England.   Aug.   26. 

Durvea.  William  (77 >,  starch  manufacturer, 
April  '2&. 

Dwaght,  Melatiah  Everett  (65),  President  of 
the  New  York  Genealogical  and  Biographi- 
cal S.x;iety.  Mount  Holyoke.  Mass.,  heart 
disease.    Sent.    14. 

Eeliels,  James  H.  (40),  banker,  Chicago. 
111.,    heat  t   disease.   April   14. 

Estell.  John  Holbrook  (67).  journalist,  pro- 
prietor of  the  Savannah  News.  Savannah. 
Ga..   Nov.  9. 

Farquhar.  Norman  Van  Heldreick  (67).  Rear 
Admiral  U.  S.  N.  (retired),  Jamestown.  R. 
I.,   apoplexy.  July  3. 

Ferry.  Dexter  M.  (74).  seed  merchant,  Dp- 
troit.    Mi'^h..    heart    disease.    Nov.    11. 

Field,  Henry  Martyn  (85).  clergyman  and 
author,  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  debilit.v, 
Jan.    2<^. 

Finch  Francis  Miles  (80).  jurist,  author, 
wrote  "The  'Blue  and  the  Gray,"  Ithaca. 
N.   Y..   July  31. 

Fischer,  Ernst  Kuno  (S3).  G^-rman  philoso- 
pher.  Heidelberg,    Germany,   July  4. 

"Vitzgerald.  Edward  R.  C  Bishop  of  Lit- 
tle Rock.  Hot  Springs,  Ark..   Feb.   12. 

Fitzgerald.  James  NeWbury  (70).  Bishop  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  (Thurch,  Hong- 
kong.   China,    pleurisy.    April   4. 

Frederick.  Grand  Duke  of  Baden  (81).  Con- 
stance,   Sept.   2S. 

Furlong.  Charles  E.  (67),  soldier.  Portland, 
Me..    Sept.   2.'. 

Garrison.  Wendell  Phillips  (67).  journalist. 
South  Orange.  N.   J..   Feb.  28. 

Goschen,  Georare  Joachim  (76).  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Exchequer.  Hawkhurst,  Eng- 
lan(3.    heart  disease.   Feb.   7. 

Gougar.  Helen  M.  (64).  author  Lafayette, 
Ind.,   June  6. 

Granberv.   John  C.    (76).  Bishop  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church  South,  Ashland.  Va., 
April    ]. 
Grau.    Maurice    (58),    opera    manager.    Paris, 
^arch  14. 


316 


Death  Roll  of  1007. 


Grieg,  Edward  Hagrerup  (64),  com- 
poser,   Bergen,    Norway.    Sept.   4. 

Grow,  Qaluaha  A.  (83).  ex-Speaker  of  tihe 
U.  S.  House  of  Represeaitatives,  Glen- 
wood,  Pa..   March  31. 

Gugg'enhelnier.  Randolph  (59),  lawyer. 
New  York    apoplexy.  Sept.   12. 

Guntcr,  Archibald  Clavering  (59).  novelist 
and  plavwrigrht.   Feb.  23. 

Hall.  Asaph  (7S),  astronomer,  Annapolis, 
Md..   Nov.  22. 

Haeselbarth,  William  G.  (S6).  clergyman. 
Leonia.    N.    J..    Dec.    13. 

Harkness.  ALbert  (85),  educator  and  author, 
Providence.    R.    I..    May  27. 

Harrison,  Maud  (52,K  actress.  New  York 
Citv.    paralysis.    April    28. 

Haskell.  Edwin  Bradbury',  journalist,  Bos- 
ton.  Mass.,   March  25.  .    . 

Haswell,  Charles  Haynes  (98),  civil  and 
marine  ens^ineer.  New  York,  injuries  re- 
ceived   from    fall.    Mav    12. 

Havemeyer  Henrv  O.  (60).  sugar  manufac- 
turer, Merritt  Stock  Farm,  R.  I.,  heart 
disease,'  Dec.   4. 

'.Heilprin.  Angelo  (54).  explorer.  New  York. 
heart   disease,   July   17, 

Herschel.  Alexander  Stewart,  astronomer, 
England,  June  IS. 

His-gins,  Frank  W.  (51),  ex-Governor  of  New- 
York    0;ean,    N.   Y.,   heart   disease,   Feb.    U. 

Hodder,  Alfred  (40).  author.  New  York, 
March    3. 

Hoey.    George    (53),    actor,    Brooklyn,    N.    Y,, 

A  1 1  cr        1  T 

Holabird,  Samuel  Beckley  (81).  Brigadier- 
General  U,  S,  A.  (retired),  Washington,  D, 
C      Feb    4. 

Holmes,    Mary  Jane   (80),  novelist,   Brockport, 

N.   Y.,   Oct.  7. 

Honker,  Isabella  Beecher  (85),  sister  of 
Henry  Ward  Beecher.  and  Harriet  Beecher 
Stowe,   Hartford,   Ct.,  paralys  s.   Jan.  2.:.. 

Huff  cut,  Ernest  Wilson  (47'>.  Dean  of  the 
Cornell  University  Law  School,  legal  ad- 
viser of  Governor  Hughes,   suicide.    May   4, 

Howard  Ada  Lvdia  (78),  educator,  first 
President  of  WcUesley  College,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  pneumonia,   March  4. 

•Hugues,  Clovis  (56).  French  publicist,  Paris. 
June  11. 

Huvsmans,  Joris  Karl  (59).  novelist.  Pans, 
May  12. 

Ingersall  Edward  Payson  (73),  Secretary  of 
the  Arnerican  Bible  Society,  MonLclair,  N. 
J.,  Feb.   4. 

Ja.mes.  Daniel  Willis  (75),  New  York,  mer- 
chant and  philant'hropist.  Bretton  Woods. 
N.   H.,   heart   disease.    Sept.    13. 

Jastremski,  Leon,  politician,  ex-Confederate 
General,  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  paralysis, 
Nov.  29, 

Joaeliiin.  Josepli  (76).  _violinist,  Berlin, 
Gennanv.   asthma.   Aug.    15. 

Jones.  Mrs.  William  G,  (79),  actress,  New 
^  ork  City,   debility.  June  13. 

Kantz,  Albert  (68).  Rear  Admiral  IT.  S.  N. 
(retired),   Florence.   Italy,   Feib.   5. 

Kearnev,  Dennis  (60).  labor  agitator,  Ala- 
medal  Cal..   April  24. 

Keenan.  Patrick  (70),  politician,  New  YoriC 
City,  'paralysis.  May  5, 

Kelvin.       Lord— William      Th«)mson— f83). 

-scientist     Glasgow    . pneumonia.    Dec.    17. 
Kem.eys,    Edward   (65),   sculptor.   May  H. 
Kniffht.     Joseph     (78).     editor    of    "Notes    and 

Queries,"   England,   June  24. 
Liamsdorflf,   Vladimir    Mcolaievitch. 

former    Russian     Minister     of    Foreign     Af- 

ff^irs,  S,in  Hcmo,  Italy.  Mar9h  19. 


Loewy.  Ma^urice  (75),  French  astronomer, 
Paris.    Oct.    15. 

Loring,  Charles  Harding'  (79),  Rear  Admiral 
U.  3,  N.  (retired),  HackettstOAn,  .  J,, 
Feb.  5. 

MeCaib*,  Charles  C,  (71),  Bishop  of  the 
Method;?:  Episco^pal  Churoh,  New  Y'ork 
City,   paralysis.    Dec.    10,    1906. 

McClintock,  Sir  Francis  Leopold  (88).  Ad- 
miral British  Navy  (retired),  London, 
Nov.    17. 

iMcComas, Louis  Emory  (61),  Associate  Jus- 
tice of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  and  ex-I".  S.  Senator,  Wash- 
ington,  D.   C. ,  heart   disease,  Nov.    10. 

McGhee,  Charles  McClung  (79),  Southern 
railroad  pioneer.  Knoxville.  Tenn..  vneu- 
monia.  May  5. 

McKinley  Ida  (59).  widow  of  President  Mc- 
Kinley.   Canton,   O  ,   May  26. 

McNally,  Frederick  (42),  publisher,  Chicago, 
111.,   neurasthenia.   Sept,    16. 

Magill,  Edward  Hicks  (S3),  former  President 
of  Swarthmore  College,  New  York  City, 
pneu  a  .nia    Dec.  5. 

Magruder  Julia  (53).  novelist,  Richmond, 
Va. ,   June  9. 

Malot,  Hector  Heine  (77).  novelist,  Paris, 
July   18. 

Mansfield,  Ricliartl  (."0>.  actor.  New 
London,   Ct..   cancer.  A.ug.   .30. 

Mavkoe,  Francs  (52).  surgeon,  New  York 
City,    Sept.    13. 

Maso.  Bartolomeo,  Cuban  leader,  Havana. 
Cuba,  Jun«  14. 

Masson.  David  (85).  Historiographer  Rojal 
for   Scotland.    Edinburgh,    Scotland,    Oct,    7. 

Mathot,  Willia;m  L,  (.37).  lawyer  and  ex- 
Deiputy  Police  Commissioner  of  New  York 
Citv.  "Spring  Valley,  N.  Y.,  tuberculosis, 
Nov.    22. 

Merrill.  William  H.  (67).  journalist,  Hing- 
ham,  Mass.,   SeT)t.   6. 

Moissan.   Henri   (55).  French  chemist.  Feb.  20, 

Moore.  John  (81).  Brigadier-General  IT.  S.  A. 
(retired),   Washington.  D.    C. ,   March   18. 

Morgan,  John  Tyler  (S3).  U.  S.  Senator  from 
Alabama,   Washington,  D.  C. ,  June  11. 

Morris,   Sir  Leavis  (74),  poet.  London,  Nov.  12. 

:\Iunn.  Orson  D.  (8:1),  publisher  of  the  "Scien- 
tific American,"    New   York  City,   March   1. 

Murphv.  Francis  (71).  temiperance  refor.ner, 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.,   June  30. 

ilurray,  David  Christie  (60),  novelist,  Lon- 
don,  Aug.   2. 

Newton,  Alfred  (78),  ornithologist.  London, 
June  7. 

O'Brien,  James  (72).  politician.  ex-Sheriff  of 
New  York  County,  New  York  City,  heart 
disease.  Maixih  5. 

Olcott.  Henry  Steel  (75),  Theosophist  leader, 
Adyar,    India,   Feb.    17. 

Oronhyatekiha  (66),  head  of  the  Indeipendent 
Order  of  Foresters,  Savannah,  Ga. . 
March    4. 

Oscar  II.,  Kins:  of  Sweden  (78),  Stock- 
holm,   debility,    Dec.  8. 

Osier.  Mrs.  Featherstone  G.  (100),  mother 
of  Dr.  William  Osier,  Toronto,  Canada, 
March    IS. 

Outhwaite,  Joseph  H.  (06).  ex-JRepresenta- 
live  in  Congress  from  Ohio,  Cleveland, 
Ohio,    pneumonia,    Dec.    9. 

Parker.  Cortlandt  (89),  lawyer,  Newark,  N. 
J..    July   20. 

Patton.  John  (56),  ex-United  States  Sena- 
tor   from    Michigan,    May    24. 

Pentecost,  Hugh  Owen  (59),  Socialist,  le3.der, 
New  York,   Feb.  2. 


Death  Roll  of  1907. 


317 


Perkin,  Sir  'Williaui  Henry  (69).  chemist, 
discoverer  of  the  first  aniline  color,  Lon- 
don,   July   14. 

Perkins,  Charles  E.  (67),  former  President 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy 
Railroad,    Westwood,    Mass.,    Nov.    8. 

Pettus,  Edmund  W.  (S6\  Senator  from  Ala- 
bama, Hot  Springs,  N.  C,  paj-alyis,  July 
27. 

Pinkerton,  Robert  A.llen  (59),  detective,  died 
on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  i  heart  disease, 
Aug.    12. 

Pobiertouostzeflf,  Constantine  Pe- 
trovitoh  (NO),  ex-Chief  Procurator  of 
Holy  Synod.  Russia,  'S't.  Petersburg,  Rus- 
sia,  March  2.j. 

Pug^h.  James  Lawrence  (86),  ex-Senator  from 
Alabama,    Washington.    D.    C    March    9. 

Rasip,  I.  Freeman  (74),  political  leader, 
Baltimore,    Md.,   apoplexy,    March   9. 

Rees.  John  K.  (56t,  astronomer,  New  York, 
March    10. 

Regamey,    Felix    (63),    painter,    Xice,    May   5. 

Rixey,  John  Franklyn  (5.3),  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Virginia,  Washington, 
D.    C,    tuberculosis,    Feb.   9. 

Roosevelt,  George  W.  (63),  American  Consul- 
General  at  Brussels,  Brussels,  Belgium, 
April    15. 

Root,  Oren  (69),  educatoi',  Utica,  N.  Y., 
Aug.  26, 

Ross.  Edmund  Gibson  (81),  ex-Senator  from 
Kansas,    Albuquerque,   N.    M.,    May  8. 

fftrtutJh,  Edward  John  (76).  mathematician, 
Cambridge.    England,    June    7. 

Ruger,  Thomas  Howard  (74).  Major-General 
U.  S.  A.,  retired,  Stamford,  Ct.,  heart 
disease,    Jime   3. 

RusseM,  W^illiam  Hamilton  (51),  architect, 
died    in    Europe.    July    23. 

Rnssell,  William  Howard  (86).  jour- 
nalist, war  correspondent,  London,  Feb.  10. 

Rylance.  Joseph  H.  (82),  Rector-Emeritus  of 
St.  Mark's  Episcopal  Church.  New  York 
City,    Manchester.    England.    Sept.    24. 

Saint  Gandens,  Ang'nstns  (59),  Sculp- 
tor,   Cornish,    X.    H.,    Aug.   3. 

Sarafoff,  Boris.  Bulgarian  revolutionist, 
Sofia.    Bulgaria,    assassinated.    Dec.    12. 

Sergeant.  Henry  C.  (72).  inventor  of  the  rock 
drill  and  air  compressor,  Westfield,  N.  J., 
paralysis,   Jan  31. 

Sheffield.  William  Paine  (89),  jurist..  ex- 
Senator  from  Rhode  Island,  Newport,  R. 
I.,    debil'ity,    June   2. 

Shrady.  George  F.  (70),  surgeon,  editor  and 
author,    N^ew   York   City.    Nov.    30. 

Slemp,  Campbell  (68 1,  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia,  Big  Stone  Gap, 
Va.,    angina   pectoris.    Oct.    13.  • 

Sloan,  Samuel  (90),  railroad  magnate.  Garri- 
son.   N.    Y.,    Sept.    22. 

Smith,  James  H.  (.50).  New  York  million- 
aire,   Kioto,    Japan,    March    26. 

Smith.    Joseph    Adams   (70).    Rear-Admiral   U. 

S.   N.    (retired).    Philadelphia.    Pa..    Aug.    IS. 
Stnng.    William.    Roman    Catholic    Bishop    of 

Fall       Ri\er,      Mass.,       Rochester,       Minn., 

Feb.   2. 

Steprhenson,  Samuel  M.  ('76').  millionaire 
lurmberman.    Menominee.    Mich..    July   31. 

Stoddard,  James  Henrv  (80).  actor.  Sewaren. 
N.    J.,    Dec.   9. 

Snlly-Prudliomme.     Rene     Francoi-s 

(68),  poet.   Chatenay,  France.  Sept.  7. 
Svampa,    Domenico    (56),    Cardinal,    Bologna. 
Italy,  Aw^.  !(>, 


Swayne.     Charles     (a5).     jurist      Philadelphia. 

Pa.,   Bright's  disease,  July  5. 
Taft,     Louisa     M.,     mother     of     Secretary    of 

War    Taft,    Milbury.    Mass.,-   Dec.    8. 
Taylor,     George     E.     (75),     President     of     the 

Baptist     Mission      in     Rome,      New     York, 

Oct.    3. 

Terhune.  Edward  P.  (75),  clergyman.  New 
York  City,   May  25. 

Theuriet,    Andre    (74),    novelist,    Paris,    April 

23. 
Thring.    Henry,    Baron    (89),    jurist,    London, 

England,    Feb.    5. 

Thurber,  Francis  B.  (65),  merchant.  New 
York,    July   4. 

Tiffany.  Charles  Camfort  (78),  clei-g,>Tnan, 
Nortiheast  Harbor,  Me.,  apoplexy  A,ug.  20. 

Tilley.  Benjamin  F.,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S. 
N.,  League  Island  Navy  Yard,  Pa.,  pneu- 
monia. March   18. 

Tilton,  Theodore  (72),  author  and  journalist, 
Paris,   France.   May  25. 

Townseoid,     William     K.     (58),     jurist,     New 

Haven,    Ct.,  June  1. 
Turrill,    Henry  >S.    (65),    Brigadier-General    U. 

S.   A.    (retired).  New  York  City,   May  24. 

Tyler,  Alfred  Lee  (73'»,  railroad  magnate. 
N'6W  York,   Bright's  d-isease,  June  1. 

Tyler,  Morri&  F.  (.59).  President  of  the  South- 
ern New  England  Telephone  Company, 
New  Haven,   Ct.,  Dec.  4. 

Underwood.  Lucien  M.  (54).  Professor  of 
Botany  at  Columbia  University,  Reading, 
Ct.,  suicide,   Nov.   16. 

Vamum,  James  M.  (.^O),  lawyer.  New  York 
City,    automobile  accident,    March  26. 

Varry.  Edwin  (81),  actor,  PlaimfFeld,  N.  J., 
Majy  4. 

Walker,  John  Grimes  (72),  Rear  Admiral 
U.  S.  N.  (retired),  York  Beach,  Me.,  heart 
disease,   Sept.   16. 

Walker,  Joseph  Henry  (78),  ex-RepreFent:^- 
tive  in  Congress  from  Miassachusetts, 
Worcester,  Mass.,  cerebral  'hemorrhage, 
April  3. 

Walter,  Alfred  (.56),  President  of  the  Sea- 
board Air  Line.   New  York   City,   Feb.    13. 

Warren.  Minton.  Professor  of  Latin  at  Har- 
vard University.  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Nov.  26. 

Watson.  Joliu  ("Ian  Maclaren"")  (57), 
author.  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa,  blood  pois- 
oning,  May  6. 

Whiteley.  William  (76),  London  department 
store  proprietor,  London,  assassinated, 
Jan.   24. 

Wilberforce.  Ernest  Rolanxl  (67),  Bishop  of 
Chichester,   England,  vSept.   9. 

Wilcox,  Orlando  B.  (So).  Brigadier-General 
U.   S.  A.   (retired).   Coburg,   Ont.,   May  10. 

Willard,  Josiaih  Flynt  (38).  sociologist  and 
author.   Chicago.   111.,  pneumonia,  Jan.  20. 

Willeox,  David  (.58).  late  President  of  th'e 
Delaware  and  Hudson  Railroad,  died  at 
sea  by  suicid-e,   April  24. 

Willi-'ims.  John  Joseph  (85).  R.  C  Arch- 
bishop of  Boston,  Boston,  Mass.,  Aug.  .30. 

Wilson,  Kate  Denin  (70),  actress.  New  York, 
Feb.   4. 

Wint.  Theodore  J.  (65),  Brigadier-General  V. 
"S.  A.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  .heart  di.sease. 
March  21. 

Wormser,  Isidor  (78),  banker.  New  York  de- 
bility, June  21. 

Wypth.    John    (73),    mer(?hairt,    Philadelphia, 


318  The  FiimoHs   Old  reo2)h  of  .W08. 

^ijc  iFtimous  <Bl^  J^coplc  of  1908. 

Age.  (Age  at  the  last  birthday  is  given.    The  list  was  made  up  for  January  1, 1908.) 

91.    Sir  Theodore  Mariin,  author.  . 

90.   Sir  Joseph  Hooker.  i)oiuuist;  John  Blgelow,  journalist  and  diplomatist. 

89.    Bisliop  Thomas  iiounuiu. 

88.  Julia  sVard  Howo,  I're.'sident  Palmer,  of  the  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company. 
Bishop  tiillespie,  of  Western  Michigan. 

87.   John  Tenniel,  cartoonist;  Florence  Nightingale,  Baron  Strathcona. 

86.    Sir  Charles  Tiippt-r.  • 

85.  Kdward  Everett  Hale,  Prof.  Alfred  R.  Wallace,  Donald  G.  Mitchell,  Rev.  Dr.  Theodore  I.u 
Cuvler, 

84.  Thoma.s  Wentwortli  Higginson,  Prof.  Goldwin  Smith,  Rev.  Dr.  Robert  Collyer,  ex-Senator 
Henry  (t.  Davis,  ol  We»^t  Virginia,  Bishop  JSicQimid. 

83.    Professor  Huggms, astronomer;  ex- Vice-President  Levi  P.Morton. 

82.  Sir  William  Aitkeu,  pathologist;  Professor  March,  pliilologist ;  D.  O.  Mills,  financier;  Kmile 
Olli  vier,  French  academician ;  General  Daniel  E.  Sickles,  Alexander  11.  Spollord,  Librarian. 

81.    Ex- Empress  Eugenie. 

80.    Perc  Hyacinthe,  Marquis  of  Ripon,  Lord  Lister. 

79.  Sir  Henry  James,  lawyer;  De  Freyciuet,  French  statesman;  ex-Senator  Edmunds, ex-President 
Dwight,of  Yale;  Count    Tolstoi,  Clara  Barton.  George  Meredith. 

78.  General  Booth,  Salvation  Army  leader;  Senator  Allison,  Senator  Cullom,  Viscount  Peel,  Murat 
Halstead,  James  B.  Angell. 

77.  President  Diaz,  of  Mexico;  Emperor  Francis  Joseph,  J.  Q.  A.  Ward,  sculptor;  Salvini,  trage- 
dian ;  ex-Secrelarv  Tracy,  Gen.  Oliver  O.  Howard,  Bi.shop  Doane,  ex-Senator  Joues,of  Nevada; 
Senator  Teller,  .lustin  McCarthy,  Henry  M.Flagler. 

76.  GeneraKtalliffet,  Frencii  soldier;  ex- President  Gilman,  of  Johns  Ifopkins;  Frederic  Harrison, 
positivist;  Henry  Labouchere,  journalist;  Henri  Rochefort,  Victorien  Sardou,  Senator  Frye, 
Sir  George  Nares.  Arctic  explorer;  Joseph  H.  Choate,  Senator  Proctor. 

75.  Field  Marshal  Lord  Roberts,  British  Army;  Maggie  Mitchell,  acire.ss;  I'rofessor  Vambery,  An- 
drew D.  White,  ex-Justice  Shiras,  Prot.  William  Crookes,  (4.  W.  (  ustis  l,ee.  Bishop  Doane. 

74.  Chief  Justice  Fuller,  Field  Marshal  Lord  Wolseley,  Denman  Thompson,  actor,  .Justice  Harlan, 
Duke  of  Devonshire,  P^dmiiud  Clarence  Stedman,  poet;  President  Amador,of  Panama;  ex- 
Secretary  Bliss,  Senator  Piatt,  of  New  York;  Prolessor  Koch,  George  W.  Smalley,  journal- 
ist; Colonel  J.  .S.  Mosby,  ex-Ccugressman  (^irosvenor  of  Ohio. 

73.  Senator  Depew,  President  Eliot,' of  Harvard  University;  Sir  John  Lubbock  (Lord  A vebury), 
Ludovic  Ilalevj'.  Cardinal  Gibbons,  Dowager  Empress  of  China. 

72.  Pope  Pius  X.,  I^eopold  II. ,  King  of  the  Belgians;  Rev.  Lyman  Abbott,  Alexander  Agassiz, 
e.v-Secretar.v Carlisle,  Bishop  Potter,  "ZMark  Twain,"  Charles  Francis  Adams,  Alfred  Ansiin, 
poet;  Richard  Olney,  e.\- Vice- President  Stevenson,  Gen.  Stewart  \,.  Woodford,  ex- Prime 
Minister  Combes, of  France;  Sir  Henry  Campbell-Bannern)an,Hetty  Green,  Andrew  Carnegie, 
ex-President  Palma,  of  Cuba,  Secretaiy  of  Agriculture  Wilson. 

71.  Sir  Edward  J.  Poynter,  President  of  the  Royal  .Academy ;  Prof.  C.  F.  Chaiidler,  Alma-'ladema, 
painter;  W.  S.  (Gilbert,  dramatist;  General  Merritt,  Josei)h  ('bamnerlain,  William  Winter, 
dramatic  critic;  Lord  Bras.sey,  Edward  Dice.v,  Sir  Norman  Lockyer,  Speaker  J o.seph  G.  Can- 
non, Senator  Hale.  Henrv  M.  Alden. 

70.  Ex-President  Cleveland,  Whitelaw  Reid,  Gen.  Horace  Porter.  W.  D.  Howells,  novelist; 
William  L.  Alden,  author;  J.  Pierpont  Morgan.  Archbishop  Ireland,  Sir  Michael  Hicks- 
Beach,  Justices  Brewer  and  Peckham,  Miss  Braddou,  Swinburne,  poet;  Admiral  Dewey, 
Bishop  Tuttle. 

69.    Prof.  James  Bryce, ex-Queen  Liliuokalani,.Tohn  Morley,  John  Wanamaker. ex-President T^ubet. 

Generals  Brooke  and  E.  s.  Otis,  F.  Hopkinson  Smith,  Senator  Bacon,  Cardinal  SaK^lli. 
68.    Rear-.\dmiral  Schley,    (ien.     Sir  Uedver.s  Bnller.    (ieneral   Miles.    Senator  Clark,  ol  Montana; 

Bisliop  Keane.  .Asa  Bird  Gardiner,  John  D.   Rockefeller,  Kinj,' Charles  of  Ronniania. 
67.     Capt.    A.  T.    ^fahan,  Henry   Watter.son,  ex- Labor  ( 'ommissioiier  Wright,  Clenienceau,  Palmer 
Cox.    sir   Hirain    S.    .Maxim,    .Austin    Dobson.    poet;    "Onida,''     Tlionias  Hardy,  novelist; 
General    Kelly- Kenney,   Lord    Reay,  President   of   the    British    Aeadeniy;    (Jen.    S.    B.  M. 
Yoinni.  .Justice  Oliver  Wendell  llolnies,  B:slioj>  Spanlding,  of  J'eoria ;  1  nike  of  Cliartres. 

66.  King  Edward  VII.,  Setnxtor  Aldrich.  Minot  J.  Savage,  Rear- Admiral  Melville,  .James Gordon 
Bennett,  Sir  Wilfred  Lanrier,  Coqnelin,  Miirciuis  Ito.  .lapaiiese  statesman;  sir  Charles 
Wyndham,  Mounet-Sully,  William  Rockefeller,  President  Fallieres,  of  France,  Senator 
Elkins. 
65.  Abdul  Hamid,  Sultan  of  Turkey;  Anna  Dickinson, General  Corbin,  General  ChafTee.  Cardinal 
Rainpolla,  Senator  Daniel,  of  Virginia;  J^cnd  Alverstone,  Flamniarioii,  astronomer; 
Robert 'T.  Lincoln,  Joaquin  Miller,  Charles  Warr(^i  Stoddard,,  author;  Francois  Coppee, 
Howard  Bron.son. 


64.  Justice  McKenna.  Christine  Xilsson,  Adelina  Palti.  Senators  Sjiooner,  Dillingham,  and  Nelson, 
David  B.  Hill,  Henry  .lames,  Jr.,  novelist;  General  Kuroki,  Sir  Charles  Dilke,  Sereuo  E. 
Payne.  King  Frederick  VI 11.  of  Denmark. 

63.  Sarah  Bernhardt,  Queen  Alexandra,  General  G reel y,  John  Hare,  comedian;  Modjeska,  King 
Peter  of  servia,  Clark  Russell,  novelist;  Rev.  In.  W.  H.  Roberta,  George  W.  Cable,  Richard 
Watson  (wilder,  Andrew  Lang. 

62.  King(4eor2:e  of  (ireece,  .Iiistice  White.  IT.  S.  Supreme  Court;  Kyrl(>  Bellew,  actor;  William  H. 
Crane,  actor;  Duke  of  .Aruyle,  (ieneral  Mac.^rthur,  Elihii  Root,  Rear  .Admiial  siysbee. 

61.  Rear- Admiral  Evans,  Lord  Charles  Bereslord.  Senators  Foraker,  Wetmoreaiid  Hopkins,  Ham- 
ilton W.  Mabie,  Don  iAf,  Dickinson,  Col.  William  F.  Cody,  Millet,  painter;  Charles  H. 
Tavlor,  journalist;  George  Wesiinghouse,  Julian  Hawthorne,  Princess  Christian, of  England. 

60.  Thomas  .A.  Edison,  Alexander  (Graham  Bell.  Senator  Tillman,  Lotta  Crabtree,0.scar  H.'imr^r- 
stein.  Rear  Admiral  (Goodrich,  Bishop  Conaty  «d  Los  A ngele.s,  Bi.shop  Hall,  of  Vermont. 

At  what  age  does  ooe  become  "  olj  "  ?  Five  centurie.".  airo  a  man  waa  old  at  fifty.  But  the  hale  and  heartv  geDtlnnan  of  to-day 
who  has  ju.st  turned  sixty  would  probably  protest  asf.iiii.st  bein*;  ci.-issed  aiin'iig  old  people,  even  if  famous.  Xliat  bis  suSLepdbilitifg 
piftv  apt  be  wouoded,  therefore,  »  separating  daah  has  been  disicreetly  introduced  after  a^e  sizt^-iive. 


American  Women  Who  Have  Married  H^oreUjn  Titles.       SlO 

13clow  id  a  list  of  the  most  prominent  American  women  who  have  married  titled  for- 
eigners. The  list  is  not  exhaustive.  It  will  be  noticed  that  some  of  the  most  prominent 
international  marriases  have  been  omitted,  because  the  husbands  are  not  titled.  Instances 
of  these  omissions  are:  Miss  Pauline  Astor,  daughter  of  William  Waldorf  Astor,  who 
married  Captain  H.  H.  Spender-Clay;  Miss  Susan  Endicott,  who  as  the  widow  of  Marshall 
U.  flobert.s,  of  New  York,  married  Colonel  Ralph  Vivian;  Miss  Pauline  Whitney,  daughter 
of  W.  C.  Whitney,  who  married  Almeric  Paget,  of  the  house  of  Angelsey,  and  Miss  Lizzie 
Zerega,  who  married  Charles  Pelham-Clinton,  of  the  ducal  family  of  Newcastle. 

Allen,   Anne  Russell,   of   St.    L.ouis,   to   Duke  of   Montefeltro,    Rome   (Italyi. 

Andrews,  Is^^bella,  of  New   York,   to  Count  Eberhard  von  Linden,  Stuttgart  (Germany). 

Audenreid,  Floi-ence,  of  New  York,  to  Count  Ludovic  de  la  Forest-Divonne.  Paris  (France), 

Carbey,    Eva,    of   New   York,    to   Baron   Andi^   de   Neuflize.    Paris    (France*. 

Barbey,    Helen,   of  New   York,    to   Count   Hermann   de   Pourtales,    Paris   (France). 

Beale,   Mary,   of   Washington,   D.   C,   to  Baron  G.   Bakhmeteff,   Tokio. 

Beckwith,    Helen,    of   New    York,    to   Lord    Leigh,    Stoneleigh   Abbey    (England). 

Bel!,    Rita,   of  New  York,   to   Count   Raoul  d'Aramon,   Paris   (France). 

Bigelow,   Flora,   of  New   York,    to   the   Hon.    Lionel   Guest,    Montreal. 

Binney.  Mary,  of  Burlington,  N.  J.,  to  Prince  Paolo  Camporeale,  Duke  of  Aldragana, 
Rome   ( Italy). 

Bonaparte,   Louise,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  to  Count  Adam  Moltke-Hvitfeldt,   Copenhagen. 

Bonynge,    Louise,    of  San   PYancisco.    to   Major-General   Sir  John   Maxwell,    Malta. 

Breese.   Anne,   of  New  York,   to  Lord  Alastair  Innes  Ker,   London  (England). 

Breese.  Eloise,  of  New  York,  to  Lord  Willoughby  de  Eresby.   London   (England). 

Bryant.  Eva  (Mackay),  of  San  Francisco,  to  Don  Ferdinando  Colonna,  Prince  Cas- 
tigliano.   Paris.  • 

Burke,  Maude,   of  New  York,   to  Sir  Bache  Cunard.   London   (England). 

Burns,   Mary,  of  New  York,   to  the  Right  Hon.    Lewis  Harcourt,   London   (England), 

Caldwell,   Lena,  of  New  York,   to  Marquis  de  Monstiers-Merinville,   Paris  (France). 

Caldwell,   Mary,  of  New  York,   to  the  late  Baron  von  Zedwitz,   Paris. 

Campbell,   Mabel,  of  New  York,  to  Prince  San  Faustino,   Rome  (Italy). 

Carr.    Grace,   of   Louisville.   Ky.,.  to   Lord   Newborousrh.    London    (England). 

Carroll,    Agnes,    of   Virginia,    to   Count    Anton    Heussenstamm.    Vienna    (Austria). 

Carroll,  Sarah,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  to  the  late  Count  Maximilian  Esterhazy,  Wash- 
ington,   D.    C. 

Chamberlain,  Jennie,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  to  the  late  Sir  Herbert  Naylor  Leyland,  Lon- 
don   (England). 

Claflin,   Tennessee,   of  New  York,   to  the  late   Sir  Francis   Cook,   London   (England). 

Clagett.   Margaret,   of  Washington.  D.   C,   to   Mcomte  de   Sibour.   Paris  .(France). 

Clapp,    Edith,    of  New  York,    to   Comte  de  Rougemont.    Paris   (France). 

Clayton,   Carlotte,   of  Washington.   D.   C,    to  Baron  Ludovic  Moncheur,   Washing^ton. 

Collins,    Edith,   to  Count  Czakowski,   Paris. 

Corbin,   Louise,   of  New  York,   to  the  Earl  of  Orford,   London   (England). 

Curtis.  Bessie,  of  New  York,  to  Marquis  de  Talleyrand-Perigord  (now  Due  de  Dino). 
(Divorced).     Paris   (France). 

Curtis,  Josephine,  of  New  York,  to  the  late  Don  Emmanuel  Ruspoli,  Prince  Poggio 
Suasa.   Rome  (Italy). 

Daniel  (Bonynge).  Virginia,  of  San  Francisco,  to  Viscount  Deerhurst,   London  (England). 

Davis.   Flora,   of  New  York,   to  Marquis  of  Dufferin  and  Ava.    London   (England). 

Detmold,  Wilhelmina,   of  New  York,   to  the  late  Count  Gaston  d'Arschot.   New  York. 

Donnelly,    Frances,    of  New   York,    to   Lord   Ashburton,    Alresford.   Hants    (England). 

Endicott,  Mary,  of  Massachusetts,  to  Right  Hon.  Joseph  Chamberlain,  M.  P.,  Birming- 
ham  (England). 

Field,   Elizabeth,   of  New  York,   to   Prince  Brancaccio,    Rome   (Italy). 

Field,   Jeanie,   of  New   York,   to   the   late   Sir  Anthony   Musgrave,    Grinstead,    Sussex. 

Fisher,   Mary,   of  New  York,   to  Count  Jacques  d'Aramon,   Paris   (France). 

Fithian,   Fanny,  of  Santa  Barbara,  Cal..   to  Count  Arthur  de  Gabriac.   Paris  (France). 

Forbes,  Mary  E.,  of  New  York,   to  the  late  Due  de  Choiseul-Praslin,   Paris  (France). 

French,  Elizabeth,  of  New  York,  to  General  Lord  Cheylesmore.   London  (England). 

Gammell,    Helen,   of  Newport,   R.    I.,    to  Sir  Arthur   Herbert.    Christiania. 

Garner,    Edith,   of  New  York,   to   Count  Moltke-Hvitfeldt,    Paris. 

Garner,  Florence,  of  New  York,  to  Sir  William  Gjordon  Cuming.  Gordonstown,  Scotland. 

Garner,    Lita.    of  New   York,    to  Marquis    de   Breuteuil,    Paris   (France). 

Garrison.    Estelle,    of  New   York,    to  the  Hon.    Charles  M.    Ramsay,    London   (England). 

Goddard,   Maud,  of  New  York,  to  the  late  Prince  Charles  Poniatowski,   Mexico. 

Goelet,  May,  of  New  York,   to  the  Duke  of  Roxljurghe.   Hoors  Castle,   Scotland. 

Grace,   Elena,   of  New  York,   to  the  Earl  of  Donoughmore,    London   (England). 

Graham,   Marion,  of  New  York,   to  Lord  Bateman,   Shobdon.   Herefordshire   (England). 

Grant,  Adele,  of  New  York,   to  the  Earl  of  Essex,   London   (England). 

Grant.  Edith,  of  New  York,   to  Vicomte  Gaston  de  Breteuil,  Paris   (France). 

Grant,   Julia,   of  New  York,   to  Prince   Cantacuzene,   St.   Petersburg   (Russia). 

Greene.  Amy.  of  San  Francisco,  to  Sir  James  Home,  London  (England). 

Hamilton,   Margaret,   of  California,  to  the  late  Sir  Sidney  Waterlow,   London   (England). 

Harrison.    Mildred,    of   Philadelphia,    to   Count    Charles    Holstein.    Berlin    (Germany). 

Hazard,  Florence,  of  New  Jersey,  to  Prince  Francis  of  Auersperg.   New  York. 

Heine,   Alice,   of  New   Orleans,   to  the  reigning  Pi-ince  of  Monaco   (separated).   Paris. 

Hensler.  Elsie,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  Countess  of  Edla  (morganatic  widow  of  King  Ferd- 
inand   of    Portugal),    Lisbon. 

Hr>ffman.    Medora,    of   New   York,    to    the   late   Marquis    de   Mores.    Paris    (France). 

Hooper,  Mary,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  to  Count  Horace  de  Choiseul,  Paris  (France), 


o20     Ainerican   Women    Who   ttave  Married   Poreign  "*  Titles. 

, ■ __^ —     fi 

Howell.  Kate,   of  South  Carolina,  to  the  Earl  of   Eg-inont.   Ix)nrlon   (England). 
Huntingtm.  Clara,  of  San  Francisco,  to  Prince  Francis  Hatzfoldt,   London  (Cermany). 
Jerome.    Jennie,    of    New    York,    to    the    late    Lord    Randolph    Oiurchill,    1874.      George 
Cornwallis   West.    1:mX).      London    (Englandi. 

King.   Mary   Livingston,  of  Georgia,   to  the  late  Marquis  of  Anglesey,  Paris. 
Kinney,   Constance,   of  New  Jersey,   to  Count  Cae.sar  Gianotti,   Rome   (Italy). 
Kip,  Edith,  of  New  Yorli,  to  the  Hon.   Henry  Coventry,   Stonor  Park,  Henley  (England). 
Knower,    Margaret,   of  New   York,   to  Vicomte  Alan  de  Suzannet,    Paris   (Francei. 
Ijangham,    l\y,   of  Louisville,   Ky.,    to  Vicomte  de   Faramond  de  Lafajole,    Cherbourg. 
l..angham,  Lillian,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  to  Baron  Speck  von  Sternburg,  Washington,  D.  C. 
I.,edyard.  Maud,  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  to  the  late  Baion  von  Ketteler,  New  York. 
Lee,   Mary,   of  New  York,   to  the  late  Field  Mars   al   Count  Waldersee.    Hanover. 
ljei.shman.    Martha,    of  New   York,    to  Count   Louis  de   Gontaut-Biron.    Paris   (France). 
Leiter.    Daisy,    of  Chicago,    to  the  Earl   of   Suffolk,   London    (England). 
Lewis,   Bertha,   of  New  Orleans,   to  Prince  Charles  Isenburg-Birstein,   Paris. 
Livermore,   Constance,   of  New  York,   to   Count  Odon   de   Lubersac,    Paris   (France). 
Livingston,   Carola,  of  New  York,   to  the  late  Count  de  Laugier-Villars,  New  York. 
Loney,   May,   of  Baltimore,   to  Count  AdoJf  Goetzen,   Berlin   (Germany). 
Lorillard.    Maud,    of   New   York,    to   the   Hon.    Cecil    Baring,    London    (England). 
Lowery,   Virginia,   of  Washington.   D.    C. ,   to  Duke  of  Arcos,   Madrid   (Spain). 
Luckers,   Ella,   of  New  York,   to  Count  John  Bernstorff,   Cairo,   Egypt. 
MacMillan,    Amy,    of  Detroit,    to   Col.    Sir  John   Harrington,    Abyssinia. 
Magruder.   Helen,   of  Washington,  D.   C,   to  the  late  Lord  Abinger,   London  (England). 
Martin.   Cornelia,   of  New  York,   to  the  Earl  of  Craven,    London   (England). 
May,    Lilian,   of   Washington,    D.    C,    to   Lord   Bagot,    London    (England). 
Milmo,   Prudentia,  of  New  York,  to  Prince  Albert  Radziwill,   Minsk  (Russia). 
Mitchell,    Hattie,   of  Portland,   Ore.,   to  Due  de  la  Rochefoucauld,    Paris   (France). 
Mooney.   Margaret,   of  San  Francisco,   to  Lord   Sholto  Douglas,  New  York. 
Moore,   Mary,   of  New  York,   to  Don  Marino  Tlorlonia.   Rome  (Italy). 

Morton,  Helen,  of  New  York,   to  Comte  Boson  de  Talleyrand  Perigord   (divorced),   Paris. 
Motley,   Elizabeth,  of  New  York,  to  the  late  Sir  William  Vernon  Harcourt,  London. 
Moulton,   Helen,  of  Albany,  to  the  late  Count  Paul  Hatzfeldt,  Wiesbaden  ((Germany). 
Parker,    Gertrude,   of   Boston,   to  Sir  Gilbert   Carter,    Barbadoes. 
Parsons,    May,   of  Cleveland,   Ohio,   to  the  late   Prince   Lynar.   Berlin   (Germany). 
Partridge.    Emily,   of  Chicago,    to   Prince  Nicholas   Engalitcheff,    Chicago.  ^ 
Phipps,   Amy.   of  New  York,   to  Captain  the  Hon.   Frederick  Guest.   London  (England). 
Pinchot.   Nellie,   of  New  York,   to  the  Hon.   Sir  Alan  Johnstone,   Copenhagen. 
Polk,   Mary,   of  Nashville,   Tenn.,   to  General   Baron   de  Charrette,   Paris   (France). 
Price,   Lily,   of  New  York,   to  the  late  Duke  of  Marlborough,   and  afterward  to  the  late 
Lord    William    Beresford,    Deepdene,    Surrey    (England). 

Read,  Maria,  of  New  York,  to  Count  de  Foras,  Paris  (France). 

Reade,   Mary,   of  New  York,    to  Viscount   Falkland,    London   (England). 

Reed,  Florence,  of  New  York,  to  Count  Christian  Bertier  de  Sauvigny,  Paris  (France). 

Reid,  Anne,   of  New  York,   to  Sir  Arthur  Aylmer  (divorced).   New  York, 

Riggs.   Cecilia,   of  Washington,   D.    C,   to  Sir  Henry   Howard,   The   Hague. 

Riley,   Mary,   of  New  York,    to  Baron  Raymond  Seilliere,    Paris   (France). 
Rives,  Amelie,  of  Virginia,    to  Prince  Pierre  Troubetzkoi,   New  York. 
Roljerts,   Mary,   of  Philadelphia,    to  Marquis  de   Frenoy,    Paris  (France). 
Robinson,   Anne,    of  New  York,  to  the  Earl   of  Rosslyn,    London    (England). 
Roosevelt.    Cornelia,   of  New    York,    to   Baron   Clemens   Zedlitz,    Berlin    (Germany). 

Russell,    Edith,    of   Boston,    to   the   late   Lord   Playfair,    London    (England). 

Sampson,    Adele,   of  New   York,   to  Due  de  Dino  (divorced).   New   York. 

Satterfield,   Marie,  of  Buffalo,   N.   Y.,   to  Count   Francis  Joseph  Larisch   (Austria). 

Schley,   Virginia,   of  New  York,  to  the  Hon.  Ralph  Stuart  Wortley,   New  York. 

Scott,    Julia,   of   New   York,    to   Count   George   Erdoedy    (Hungary). 

Sharon,    Florence,    of    Nevada,    to    Sir    Thomas    Fermor    Hesketh^    Rufford    Hall,    Lan- 
cashire   (England). 

Shenley,    Plermione,   of  Pittsburgh.    Pa.,   to   Lord   Ellenborough,   London   (England). 

Shope,   lone,   of  New  York,   to  Baron   Loeffelholz  von  Colberg,   Bonn  (Germany). 

Singer,   Winnaretta,   of  Boston,   to  the  late  Prince  Edmond  de  Polignac,   Paris   (France). 

Smith.    Cora,   of  New  Orleans,   La.,   to  the  late   Earl   of  Strafford,   London   (England). 

Snyder,   Ruth,   of  Philadelphia,   to  Count  Camille  de  Borchgrave,   Brussels   (Beligum). 

Spencer,    Eleanor,    of  New  York,    to   Prince   Vicovaro-Cenci,    Rome    (Italy). 

Sperry,   Elizabeth,   of   Stockton,   Cal.,   to  Prince   Andre    Poniatowski,    Paris   (France). 

Stager,    Ellen,    of  Chicago,    to   Lord   Arthur   Butler,    London    (England). 

Stevens,   Frances,   of  New  York,   to  Count  M,   de  Gallifet,   Paris   (France). 

Stevens,   Marie,   of  Albany,   N.   Y.,   to  Sir  Francis  Evans.   London   (England). 

Stevens,    Minnie,   of  New   York,   to  General   Sir  Arthur   Paget,    London   (England). 

Stokes,   Sarah,   of  New  York,   to  the   late   Baron  Halkett,   London   (England). 

Stone,    Romaine,   of  New   York,    to  Lord  Monson,    London   (Englandi. 

Taylor.  Harriet,   of  New  York,  to  Count  G.  della  Gherardesca,  Florence  (Italy). 

Thomas,    Helen,   of  New  York,   to   Vicomte  d'Anglemont,    Paris    (France). 

Thaw,    Alice,   of  Pittsburgh,    to   the   Earl   of  Yarmouth. 

Vanderbilt,   Consuelo.    of  New  York,   to  the   Duke  of  Marlborough,   London   (England). 

Vanderbllt,  Gladys,  of  New  York,  to  Count  Ladislas  Szechenyi,  Pesth  (Hungary). 

Van  Marter.  Leonora,  of  Tacoma,  Wash.,  to  the  Earl  of  Tankerville,  London  (England). 

Vantine.  Amy.  of  New  York,  to  Sir  Gilbert  Parker,   London  (England). 

Wadsworth,   Elizabeth,   of  New  York,   to  Lord   Barrymore,   London   (England). 

Whitehouse.    I^ily.    of  New   York,    to   the   Hon.    Charles   Coventry.    London    (England). 

Wblttier.  Susan."  of  New  York,  to  Prince  Serge  Belosselsky-Belozersky,   Moscow  (Russia). 

Wilson,    Belle,   of   New  York,    to   the   late   Sir   Michael    Herbert.    London    (England). 

Wright,    Mabel,    of  New   York,    to  Count    Bela   Zichy.    Pesth    (Hungary). 

Yznaga,    Consuelo.   of  New   York,    to   the   late  Duke   of  Manchester,    London   (England). 

Yznaga.    Natica,    of   New   York,    to   Sir   John    Lister- Kaye.    London    (Englandi. 

Zimmerman,  Helen,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  to  the  Duke  of  Manchester,  Kylemore,  Galway, 


liules  in  Case  of  Fire.  321 

S^clfl  i\\  (Kasr  of  ^cciticnts. 

Dro^vniiiff.  I,  Loosen  clotliingr,  il  any.  "i.  Kinpij' lungs  of  water  by  layinpr  body  on  its  stomach, 
and  liltiufi:  it  l)y  the  middle  so  that  the  head  hiunsjs  down.  Jerk  the  body  a  few  times.  3.  Pull  tongue 
forward,  using  handkerchief,  or  piu  with  siring,  if  necessarj'.  4.  I  nutate  motion  of  respiration  by  alter- 
natel.vconipressingand  expanding  the  lower  ribs,  about  luent.v  timesa  minute.  Alternately  raising  and 
lowering  the  arms  trom  the  sides  up  above  the  head  will  stimulate  the  action  of  the  lungs.  Let  it  be  done 
gently  but  persistentlj'.  o.  Appl.v  warmth  and  friction  to  extremities.  G.  By  holding  tongue  forward, 
•closing  the  nostrils,  and  pressing  the  "  Adam's  apple"  back  (so  as  to  close  entrance  to  stomach  ),  direct 
inflation  ma.v  be  tried.  Take  a  deep  breath  and  breathe  it  forcibl.v  into  the  mouth  of  patient,  compress 
the  chest  to  expel  the  air,  and  repeat  the  operation.  7.  DOX'T  GIVE  UP  I  People  have  been  saved 
after  hoicks  of  patient,  vigorous  eftbrt.  8.  When  breathing  begins,  get  patient  into  a  warm  bed,  give 
WAK.M  drinks,  or  spirits  in  teaspooufuls,  fresh  air,  and  cjuiet. 

Jiiiriis  and  Scalds.  Cover  with  cooking  soda  and  la.v  wet  cloths  over  it.  Whites  of  eggs  and 
olive  oil.  Olive  oil  or  linseed  oil,  plain,  or  mixed  with  chalk  or  whiting.  8weet  or  olive  oil  and  lime- 
water. 

Ijijghtiiiiifr.    Dash  cold  water  over  a  person  struck. 

SiiiistroUe.  Loosen  clothing.  Get  patient  into  shade  and  apply  ice-cold  water  to  head.  Keep 
head  in  elevated  position. 

I>[ad  l>og  or  Snakr  Bite.  Tie  cord  tight  above  wound.  Suck  tlie  womid  and  cauterize  with 
caustic  or  white-hot  iroualouce,  or  cut  out  adjoining  parts  with  a  sharp  knife.  Give  stimulants,  as 
whiskey,  brandy,  etc. 

Stiiiers  «f  Venomous  Insects,  etc.    Apply  weak  ammonia,  oil,  saltwater,  or  Iodine. 

Fainting.  Place  flat  on  back  ;  allow  fresh  air,  and  sprinkle  with  water.  Place  head  lower  than 
rest  of  body. 

Tests  of  Death.  Hold  mirror  to  mouth.  If  living,  moisture  wdll  gather.  Push  pin  into  flesh. 
Jf  deatl  the  hole  will  remain,  if  alive  it  will  close  up.  Place  fingers  in  front  of  a  strong  light.  If  alive, 
they  will  appear  red  ;  if  dead,  black  or  dark.  If  a  person  isdead  decomposition  is  almost  sure  to  set  in 
after  72  hours  have  elapsed.  If  it  does  not,  then  there  is  room  for  investigation  by  the  physician,  l^o 
uot  permit  burial  of  dead  until  some  certain  indication  of  death  is  apparent. 

Cinilers  in  the  Eye.  KoU  soft  paper  up  like  a  lamplighter,  and  wet  the  tip  to  remove,  or  use  a 
medicine  dropper  to  draw  it  out.     Rul)  the  other  eye. 

Fire  in  One's  Clothinsr.  Don't  ?im— especially  not  downstairs  or  out-of-doors.  Roll  on  carpet, 
or  wrap  in  woollen  rug  or  blanket.     Keep  the  head  down,  so  as  not  to  inhale  flame. 

Fire  from  Kerosene.    Don't  use  ivater,  it  will  spread  the  flames.     Dirt,  sand,  or  flour  is  the  best 

extinguislier,  or  smother  with  woollen  rug,  table-cloth,  or  carpet. 
,(.'       .Snrtbcation  from  Inhaling  Illnininating  C^as.    Get  into  the  fresh  air  as  soon  as  possible  and 

lie  down.     Keep  warm.     Take  ammonia— twenty  drops  to  a  tumbler  of  water,  at  frequent  intervals  ; 
'  &1so,  two  to  four  drops  tincture  of  nux  vomica  every  hour  or  two  for  five  or  six  hours. 


^ntttrotes  for  poisoiis. 


First.   Send  for  a  physician, 

Second.    Induce  vomitino,  by  tickling  throat  with  feather  or  finger.     Drink  hot  water  or 
strong  mustard  and  water     Swallow  sweet  oil  or  whites  of  eggs. 
Acids  are  antidotes  for  alkalies,  and  vice  versa. 


S2If)rn  ti)t  2Joat  #bcrturnis* 


DoN'Tgoout  in  a  pleasure  boat  without  being  assured  that  there  are  life-saving  buoys  or  cushions 
aboard  sufficient  to  float  all  on  board  in  case  of  an  upset  or  collision.  All  persons  should  be  seated 
before  leaving  shore,  and  no  one  should  attempt  to  exchange  seats  in  midstream  or  to  put  a  foot  on 
the  edge  or  gunwale  of  the  boat  to  exchange  seat.s.  Where  the  waters  become  rough  from  a  sudden 
squall  or  passing  steamers,  never  rise  in  the  boat,  but  settle  down  as  close  to  the  bottom  as  ])ossible, 
and  keep  cool  until  the  rocking  danger  is  passed.  If  overturned,  a  woman's  skirts,  if  held  out  by  ber 
extended  arms,  while  she  uses  her  feet  as  if  climbing  stairs,  will  often  hold  her  up  while  a  boat  may 
pull  out  from  the  shore  and  save  her.  A  non-swimmer,  by  drawing  his  arms  up  to  his  side  and  push- 
ing down  with  widely  extended  hands,  while  stair-climbing  or  treading  water  with  his  fiet,  may 
liold  himself  several  minutes,  often  when  a  single  minute  means  a  lile;  or  throwing  out  the  arms, 
dog  fashion,  forward,  overhand  and  pulling  in,  as  if  reaching  for  something— that  maj'  bring  him  in 
reach  of  help.  ^ 


J^xtltu  in  (taut  oi  JFire* 


Crawl,  on  the  floor.  The  clearest  air  is  the  lowest  in  the  room.  Cover  head  with  woollen  wrap,  wet 
if  possible.     Cut  holes  for  tiie  e.ves.     Don' t  {i>  t  excited. 

Ex-Chief  Hugh  Bonner,  of  "the  New  York  Fire  Department,  gives  the  following  rules  applying  to 
houses,  flats,  hotels,  etc.: 

Familiarize  yourself  with  the  location  of  hall  windows  and  natural  escapes.  Learn  the  location  of 
exits  to  roofs  of  adjoining  buildings.  Liarn  tlie  position  of  all  stairways,  particularlj'  the  top  landing 
and  scuttle  to  the  roof.  Shoidd  .you  hear  cry  of  "tire,"  and  columns  of  smoke  fill  the  rooms,  above 
all  KEEP  COOL.  Keep  the  doors  of  rooms'shut.  Open  windows  from  the  top.  Wet  a  towel,  stutT'it 
in  the  mouth,  hreatbe  tlirough  it  instead  of  nose,  soas  not  to  inhale  smoke.  Standat  window  and  get 
benefit  of  outside  air.  If  room  fills  with  smoke  keep  close  to  floor  and  crawl  along  by  the  wall  to  the 
window. 

Do  not  Jump  unle.ss  the  blaze  behind  is  scorching  you.  Do  not  even  then  if  the  firemen  with  scal- 
ing ladders  are  coming  up  the  building  or  are  near.  "Xever  go  to  tlie  roof,  unless  as  a  last  resort  and 
you  know  there  is  escape  from  it  to  adjoining  buildings.  In  bisf  buildings  fire  alwa.vs  goes  to  the  top. 
Do  not  jump  through  name  witlnn  a  buildiiig.withoiu  first  covering  the  head  with  a  blanket  or  heavy 
clothing  and  gauginsr  the  distance.  Don' t  get  excited;  try  to  recall  the  means  of  exit,  and  if  any  fire- 
men are  insight  D<:>N'T  JUMP. 

If  the  doors  of  each  apartment,  especially  in  the  lower  part  of  the  house,  were  closed  every  night 
before  the  occupants  retired  there  would  not  be  such  a  rapid  .spread  of  flames. 


322 


The  American  31  ulti- Millionaires. 


^Ije  American  plulti^iHillionaircs, 

THE    VANDERBILTS. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  COMMODORE  CORNELIUS  VANDEKBTLT. 

Born  on  Stateu  Island,  N.  Y.  ,  1794;  married,  Ist,  Soiiliia  Johnson,  lal3;  2d,  Frances  Crawford,  1869; 

.    died  1877. 


Children.                                   Gr.indchililren.                | 

Great-Uraudchildren. 

(ireat-Great-Gran.lchililrcn . 

1.  Phebe    Jane    Vaiilerliilt,    b. 
181';  m.  James  M.  Cross, ^!^41; 
U.  1SJ3. 

1.  Coriielius  Vanierbilt   Cross, 
b.  1».;4;  m.  Emma  Elderi;   d. 
19ii!J. 

2.  Ethelind:i  Cross;  m.  Burrett 
Wilsnn  Horton. 

\ 

3.  Norman  Cross. 

2.  Etiielinda  Vanderbilf  ,b.l818; 
Ml.   I):in.el  B.  AUeu,  K^S9;  d. 

1.  Vanderbilt    Allen,    b.    1840; 
m.  1st.  Helena    Mount,  1^61; 
2.1,  Edith  I)e  S'lvier,  1S73;  3d, 
Edith  Molt,  lb90;  d.  18«S. 

1.  Marie  I'^atini eh  Allen,  b.  1870; 
m.  John  C.  Wilmerding,  Jr., 
Is9-.'. 

I-'  ' 

2.  Ethel     Gladys     De     Sllvier 
Allen,  b.  187.^. 

2.  "William    Barton    Allen,    b. 
1844;    m.    Mary    Sutton;    d. 
1890. 

1.  AV.  S.   Vanderbilt  Allen,  b. 

1861. 

2.  Ethelinda  Allen,  b.  1863;  m. 
James  II.  War.l,  189.';  d.  1899. 

1.  Vanderl.ilt  B.  Ward,  b.lN93. 

2.  Mildred  S.  Ward,  b.  1896. 

3.  I''r:iiiUlin  Alien. 

4.  H.nrry  Allen,  d.  1899. 

5.  Annie    Allen,    b.    1869;    w. 
Is88,  John  Wallace;  d.(killed) 
IS'.tO. 

1.  Allen  Wallace,  b.  1889. 

3.  WiUium   Henry    VauderbUt, 
ti.    1821;     m.    Marii     Louise 

1.  Coni.'liiis  Vanderbilt,  t..  1843; 
HI.   Alice  Gwynne,    1867;    d. 
1899. 

. 

1.  William    H.   Vanderbilt,   b. 
1871;  d.  1892. 

Kissam,  184U;  d.  18S5. 

2.  Cornelius  Vanderbilt,b.  1873; 
in.  Grace  Wilson,  l'S96. 

1.  Cornelius  Viinderbilt,!).  1898. 

2.  Grace  Vamlerliilt,  b.  1899. 

3.  Gertrude  Vandert»ilt,b.  1876; 
m.   Harry    I'ayne    Whitney, 
1^96. 

1.  Flora      Payne      Vanderbilt 
Whitney,  b.  1897. 

2.  Vanderbilt  Whitney,  b.  1899. 

4.  Alfred   Gwynne  Vanderbilt, 
•  b.  1877!  m.  Elsie  French,  Jan. 
11,  lyoi. 

1.  William   Henry  Vanderbilt, 
b.  Nov.  24,  1901. 

.5.  Ueginald   C.   Vanderbilt,  h. 
1-80;  jn.  CathleenG.Neilson, 
1903. 

1.  Kathleen,  b.  1904. 

6.  Gladys  M. Vanderbilt,  b.l885. 

2.  Margaret  I.onisa  Vanderhilt; 
m.  Elliot  F.  Shepard,  1870. 

1.  Maria    Louisa     Shepard,    h. 
1870;  na.  William  Jay  Sohief- 
felin,  l»Jl. 

1.  William  Jay  Scliieffelin,  Jr., 
b.  1891. 

2.  Margaret  Louisa  Schieffelin, 
b.  1893. 

3.  Mary  Jay  8chie£EeI<n,  11.,  b. 
1896. 

4.  John  Jay  SchlefFain,  b.  1897. 

5.  Louise     Vanderbilt     Schief- 
felin, b.  1901. 

2.  Editli  Shepard,    li.    Is'x;   m. 
Ernesto  G.  Fabbri,  1896. 

1.  Teresa  Fabbri,  b.  1S97. 

2.  Ernesto   G.    Fabbri,  Jr.,  b. 
19(0. 

■ 

3.  Marsaret  Shepard,    b.   1875; 
d.  1S92. 

4.  Alice  Shepard,    b.   1874;    m. 
Dave  Hennon  Morris,  1895. 

5.  Elliot   F.  Shepard,  b.    1877; 
m.  Mrs.  Esther  I'otter,  1897. 

1.  Coiisuelo  Vanderbilt,  b.  Is77; 
m.     Duke     of    Marlborough, 
1895. 

1.  Dave  H.  Morris,  Jr.,  b.  liiOO. 

2.  Louise  Morris,  b.  1901. 

3.  William    K.    Vanderbilt,    b. 
IsJ'H;  m.  Alva  Murray  Smith, 
1874  (now  Mrs.  t).  H.  P.  Bel- 
mont);   2d,   1903,  Mrs.  Ann 
Uarriman  hands. 

1.  John,  Marquis  of  Blaiidford 
b.  1897. 

2.  L .rd   Ivor   Ch.arles  Spencer- 
Churchill,  b.  1898. 

2.  William    K.    Vandebilt,    b. 
1878  ;   m.  Virgiuia  Fair,  1S99. 

1.  Muriel  Vanderbilt.  b.  19t  0. 

2.  Consuclo  Vanderbilt,  b.  19<'3. 

3.  A  son,  b.  1907. 

3.  Harold  S.  Vanderbilt,  b.l8'*4. 

1.  Florence  A.  S'oane,  b.  1875  ; 
m.  James  A. Burden,  Jr., 1^95. 

2.  Emily  Vanderbilt   Sloane,  b. 
1877  ;  m.  William  B.  <  isgood 
Field,  190'?. 

4.  Emilv    T.     Vanderbilt;     m. 
\Villi"am  D.  Sloaae,  ls74. 

1.  James  A.  Buiden,  b.  1897. 

?..  LilaVanderbilt  Sloane,b.l879. 
4.  Malcolm  D.  Sloane.  b.  1881. 

5.  Frederick  W.  Vanderbilt,   b. 
185.H ;    m.   Mrs.  Alfred  Tor- 
r.nnce  fnee  Anthony),  1880. 

NiTE. — In  the  pdigrees  of  the  Vanderbilts  nnd  Astors  the 
of  braoohe-i  residing  abro  .d,  are  subject  to  co  rection.  The  ab 
the  respective  families  and  were  revised  by  them  to  the  best  of 


dates  in  some  instances,  particularly  of  the  older  branches  and 
ove  ti'le  a'ld  that  of  the  Astors  were  submitted  to  meiubers  of 
their  kaowled|;e.  


The  America?!  3Iiilti-3flUionaires. 


323 


THE    VANDERBILTS-Continued. 

Children.                   |                GrandchiMieii. 

G  reat-Grandchildren. 

G  reat-G  rea  t-Grandchi  Idren. 

3.  William    Henry    Vanderbiltjti.  Florence  Adele    Vaiiderl)ilt 

;  1.  KuthTwombley,  b.  1878  ;  d. 

v.  Florence  Twombley,  b.  1880 
m.William  M.A.Burden,1904 

sTHTMcKay  Tvvomblej^rb7l883^ 

d.  1906. 
4.  Alice  Twombley, b.l886,d.'96 

(.ContiLued;. 

m.      n.    Jiicrvay     iwomniey 
1S7*. 

(.  Eliza  Osgood  Vanderbilt  ;  m 
William  Seward  Webb,  1851. 

1.  James  W.itson  Webb,  b.ls84 

2.  William SewardWebb,b.lS87. 

o.  Frederica   Webb,   m.   Italph 
Pulitz^-r,  1905. 

1.  Ralph  Pulitzer,  Jr.,  b.  W)6'. 

4.  Vauiierbilt  Webb. 

8.  George  Washington  Vander- 
bilt, b.  l-f.2  ;  ni.  Edith  Stuy- 
vesant  Dresser,  1>98. 

1.  Cornelia  Stuyvesant  Vander- 
bilt, b.  1900. 

•J.Emily    Vanderbilt,    b.  1 8  ■->.•{  ; 

1.  William  K.  Thorn,  b.  1851. 

m.  %\  illiaiii    K.  Thorn,    ls49  ; 
d.  1896. 

« 

2.  Emily    Thorn,    b.    Is53 ;    ni. 
1st,   Daniel   King,    l-i>9  ;  2d, 
Jajr-.es  C.  Parrish,  1S18. 

I.Louise  Alice   King,   b.  18*0  ; 
m.  Alexander  Baring. 

3. Thorn,      b.      ISoa;      m. 

GustavKissell,  1881. 

6.  Cornelius  Jeremiah   Vander- 
bilt, b.  l>'Jo  ;  d.  Ibfii. 

6.  Eliza    V.inderbilt,    b.    18J8  ; 
m.   George   A.  Osgood,  1849  ; 
.i.  KS95. 

t 

I.Sophia  Vanderbilt,   b.   Is30; 
in,  Daniel  Torrance,  1849. 

1.  Alfred  Torrance,  b.  lS.=iO  ;  m. 
Bertha  Anthony,  1&T2;  d.lS}^5. 
She   niarrieil,  ls80,  Frederick 
W.  Vanderbilt. 

2.  Marie  Torrance,  b.  1852  ;   m. 
JohnHadden,  Jr.,  1873. 

I.John  Hadden,  b.  1874. 

8.  Maria  Alicia.  Vanderbilt,  b. 
1-31  ;    m.    Ist,    JSichulas    La 

1.  Bertha  V.  La  Ban;  m.  George 
M.  Browne. 

Ban,  1&47. 

•-'.  Edith   La  Ban  ;    m.  Tiffany 
Dyer. 

■i.  Lillian  La  Ban  ;   m.   1st,  Eu- 
gene Blois  ;  id,  Jose  Aymar, 

is'.n. 

' 

9.  Catherine       Vaiuierbilt,      b. 
1-H-l  ;    m.  Ist,  8iiiith   Barker, 

1.  Clarence  Johnson  Barker,  b. 
185:5 ;  d.  1S96. 

■ 

1S5II;     2d,    Gustave    Lafitte, 
IStil  :  d.  lsS7. 

-'.  Catherine  Barker,  b.  1857. 

i.  Morris  Lafitte.  b.  ls;«3. 

lo.  M.'iitf     Loui-.e     Vanderbilt- 
b.  l-3i;  Bn.  Ist,  Horace  Clark. 
1>51;  2d,  Kobert  Kiven,  latiO; 
d.  1  &'.<!. 

1.  Louise  Clark,  b.   1853;  m.  1st, 
Clarence  L.  Collins,  IS74  ;  2il, 
Caj.t.    Barty     Midford;    ad, 
Count  M.L.Suberville,d.lS95. 

1.   Edith     Lyman     Collins,    b. 
1^76  ;   m.  Count  CV.avkowski 
(.KechidBey),  l8i)7. 

2.  Charlotte  E.  Niven;  m.  Count 
de  Sers. 

11.    Frances      Vanderbilt,      b. 
18;ti;  il.  18fi6. 

12.  George   W.  Vanderbilt,    b. 
1841;  <1.  18i-,6. 

THE    GOULDS 

DESCENDANTS  OP  iAY  GOULD. 
Born  May  27.  1836  ;  married  Helen  Day  Miller,  1863;  died  1892. 


Chii.drk.v. 

1                Grandchildren. 

Great-Graudchildren. 

Greai-Grcat-(irandchildren. 

1.  George  Jay  Gould,  b.   1864, 
m.  Edith  King.lon,  1886. 

1.  Kingdon  Gould,  b.  1887. 

2.  Jay  Gould,  b.  1888. 

3.  Marjorie  Gwynne  Gould,  b. 
1890. 

-s 

4.  Helen  Vivian  Gould,  b.  1892. 

5.  George    Jay   Gould,   Jr.,   b. 
1896. 

6.  Edith  K.  Gould,  b.  1901. 

7.  Gloria  Anna.  b.  190i\. 

2.   Edwin   Gould,    1..     1866;    m. 
!>arah  fihrady,  1892. 

1.  Edwin  GnuM,  b.  1893. 

2.  Frank  Miller  Gould,  b.  1899. 

3.  Helen  Miller  Gould,  h.  1868. 

4.   Howard  Gould,  b.  1871;   m. 
Katherine  Clemmons.  1898. 

5.    Anna    Gould,    b.    1875;    m. 
Count    Paul    Marie   Bonifaci- 
de  Castellane,  lS9i;  div.  1906. 

1.  Boniface    de   Castellane,    b. 
1897. 

2.  George  de  Caste  lane,  ii.  18'.is. 

3.  Jay  de  Castell.nne,  b.  1902. 

6.  Frank  Jay  (i.Mild,  b.  1877;  m. 
Hel=u  Margaret  Kelly,  1901. 

1.  Helen    Margaret    Gould,    b. 
1902. 

2.  Dorothy  Gould,  b.  1904, 

1 

324 


The   American   Multi- Millionaires. 


THE    ASTORS. 

DE«;CEXr>ANTS   OF   JOHN  JACOB   ASTOP^. 
Born  at  Waldorf, Germany,  1763;  married  Sarah  Todd,  cousin  of  Heury  Brevoort,  in  New  york,1785; 


died  1848. 


Children. 


1.  M.igdalen  Astor,  b.  1786;  m. 
1st.  Uov.  Adrien  B.  Beutzen, 
of  Santa  Cruz,  1807;  2d,  Uev. 
Juha  Bristed,  1819;  d.  1854. 


S.  John  Jacob  Astor,  b.  1788;  d< 
1834. 


3.  Eliza    Astor,    b.    1790;     m 
Count  lluinpff,  1825;  d.  1836. 


4.  William  Backhouse  Astor, 
b.  1792;  m.  Marg.'^ret  AliJa 
Armstrong,  1818;  d.  1876. 


Grandchildren. 


1.  Charles  Astor  Bristed,  b 
October  6,  1820;  m.  1st,  I^aura 
Brevoort,  1847;  2d,  Gr.ice  A 
Sedgwick,  1867;  d.  January 
15,  1874. 


1.  Emily    Astor,    b.    1819;    m 
Samuel  Ward,  1838;  d.  1641. 

r 


Cireat-Qrandchililren. 


1.  John  Jaci'b  Astor  Bristed,  b. 

1848;  d.  1880. 


2.  Ckirles  Astor 
18ii9;  m.  Mary 
nelly,  1894. 


Great-Great-Urandchildren. 


Bristed,    b.  1.  Mary  Syinphorosa  Bristed. 
Rosa    l)on- 2.  K.^tnarine    Elizaljeth   Grace 
Bi  isted. 


2.  John  Jacob  Astor,  b.  1822; 
m.  Charlotte  Augu^ita  Gibbes, 
1846;  d. 1890. 


3.  I.aiira     Astor,     h.    1824;     m. 
Fr.inklinDe'ano,1841;  d.  1902. 

4.  Mary   A!ida   As'dr,  b.  1826; 
m.  John  Carey,  1850;  d.  1881 


6.  William  Astor,  b.  1830;  m. 
Car'  line  W.  bstr  Schermer- 
horu,  1&53  ;  d.  1892. 


.  Margaret  Astor  W-ird,  b. 
1838;  ni.  John  Winthrop 
Chaaler,  1856;  d.  1875. 


.  William  Waldorf  Aslor,  b. 
1847;  m.  Mary  Dalil^rcn 
Paul,  1878;  she  died  1695. 


1.  Arthur     Astor     Carey;     m, 
Agues  Whiteside,  1889'. 


2.  Henry  Astor  Carey;  d.  1893. 


3.  Margaret  Laura  Carey;  m. 
Isl.  Baron  de  Slenrs;  2d,Eliiot 
Zborowsky. 


1.  Emily  Astor,  b.  1854;  m, 
Ja'nes  J^  Van  Alen,  le76;  d, 
1881. 


2.  Helen  Astor,  b.  185o;  ni. 
Jimes  Uoosevelt  Kouseveit, 
1878;  d.  1893. 


1.  John  Armstrong  Char.lfri 
b.  1857;  m.  Amelia  Itives. 
1888. 

2.  AVinthrop  Astor  Chanler,  b. 
1859;  m.  Margaret  Terry, 
1882,  and  liad  issue:  1.  L:inra 
Astor  Chanler;  2.  JoI:n  Win- 
throp Clianler,  d.  1894;  3. 
Margaret  Astor  Chanler;  4. 
Beatrice  Chanler,  b.  1891;  6. 
Hester  Chanler,  6,  a  sou;  7. 
Theo.  Ward,  b.  1902. 

3.  EHzabetli  Astor  Chanlor;  m. 
John  J.  Chapman,  1--9S,  and 
had  issue:  Chanler  Chapman, 
b.    1901. 

4.  Wm.  Astor  Chanler,  b.  1867  ; 
m.  Minnie  Ashley,  1903  ;  issue 
1'.'04,  Wm.  Astor  Chanler.  Jr. 

5.  Kobert  Winthrop  Chanhr; 
m.  Jnlia  Reminj;ton  Cham- 
berlain, 189.1,  and  had  issue; 
borothy  Chanler. 

J.Margaret  LivingstonChanler; 
m.  Kich  ird  Aldri.h.  1906. 

7.  Alida  Beeiim  m  Chanler;  m. 
Temple  Emmet,  1896,  and 
had  issue:  1.  Elizabeth  Em- 
met; 2.  Margaret  Emmet;  3. 
Alida  Emmet;  4.  Temple  Em- 
met, Jr. 

8.  Lewis  Stuwesant  Chanler, 
b.  1869;  m."  Alice-  Chamber- 
lain, 1890,  had  issue-  1.  Lewis 
Stuyvesant  Chafiler,  Jr.,  b. 
1^91;  2.  Alida  Chanler,  b. 
1894;  3.  Wm.  Astor  Chanler, 
b.  1895;  4.  a  daughter.  1907. 

).  William  Waldorf  Astor,   b- 
1879;    m.    Nannie   L:ingho  ne 
Shaw,  V.^^dd;  issue,  1907,  son. 
I'auliue    Astor,   b.  1^80;    m. 
Capt.  H.  Spender  Clay,  1904; 
issue  1905,  a  daughter, 
John  Jacob  Astor,  b.  1886. 
4.   Gweudolin,  b.   1889;  d.l902. 


1.  lleginald  Carey,  b.  1890. 

2.  Arthur    Graham    Carey,    b. 
1892. 

Alida  Carey,  b.  1893. 
Frances,  b.  1898. 


1.  Marfraret  Eugenia  Victorine 
de  Steurs. 

2.  .John  Herbert  Eugene  Fran- 
c  is  de  Steurs. 

Hubert    Victor    Arthur     de 
Steurs. 


1.  Mary  Van  .Men,  b   1876. 
.lames     Laurens    Van    Alen, 
b.   1878;    m.     1900,   Mart.aret 
Louise  Post,  ^nd    had    issue; 
JamesHenryVanAlen,b.  1902. 

3.  Sarah  Steward  Van  Alen,  b. 
1881;  in.  1902,  Kobert  J.  F. 
Collier. 


1.  James    Uoosevelt    Uooseveit, 
Jr.,  I..  1879. 

2.  Helen     Kebecca    iio«seveIt 
b.  1881. 


7%6   American    Multi-3{llUonaires. 


325 


THE    ASTORS-Conti  .ed. 


Child. ;KN. 


(iiandciiildreii. 


4.  William     Backhouse    ARto.'o.   William  Astor  (Continued) 
(Coutinucd). 


3.  Charlotte  Augusta  Astor,  b- 
1856;  m.  1st,  .1.  Coleman 
Diaytoii,  IsTS;  id,  George 
Ogilvy  Huig,  ISyb. 


5.  Henry  Ast.jr,  b.  1794  ;  d.  1808. 

6.  Dorothea  Astor.  b.  1795;  m. 
Walter  Laiigdon,  lsl2;  d. 
1853. 


6.  Henry     Astor.     b.   1832;    m 
Malviiia  Dylienian,  IfS'i. 


1.  Sarah  Langdi>n,  b.  1813;  m 
Francis  K.  Bureel,  1834;  d 
1897. 


2.  John  J.  A.  Langdon,  b.  1814; 
d.  1837. 


Cijeal-Oi'aiidchud.eu. 


Uieat-Gieat-tiiaiidchildrrn 

1.  Caroline  Astor  Uravlon,  b. 
1880.  "     - 

2.  Henry  Coleman  Drayl' n,  b. 
1883;  Ml.  Constance  Know,  r, 
1905. 

3.  Wni.  A.'^tor  Drayton,  b.  18S8. 

4.  Alida  Li\ingatou  Diaylo.i, 
b.  1890;     d.  1698. 


4.  .Tohn  .lacob   Astor,   b.    1865; 
m.  Ava  Lowle  Willing,  1891. 


I.  Caroline  Schermerhorn 
Astor,  b.  1861:  m.  Marshall 
Orme    Wilson,  1884. 


1.  Williaii.WalterAstirBoie  I, 
b.  18)8;  111.  Mary  Emily  Jlil 
l.anl<;  d.  1892. 


.    Eliza  Boreel  :   m.  Barou  H 
W.  PaUanilt;  d. 


3.  Alfred  Boreel;   m.   daughter 
of  Barou  de  Mvdrecht. 


1.  William   Vincent    Astor,   b. 
1891. 

2.  Ava   Alice  Muriel   Astor,  1). 
1"02. 


1.  Marshall  Ornie  Wil.^on,  Jr., 
b. 1865. 

2.  K'chard  Thornton  Wilson,  b. 
1886. 


1.  Uotert  John  Kalph  Boreeli 
m.  Miss  Ives. 


4.  Robert  Bnreel;  d.  18',(6. 


5.  Daughter;    m.     Baron     Otlo 

Groenice.  ■ 


6.  Daughter,  unnwrried  ;  d. 


.3.  Eliza   Lang.lon,  b.  18'.8;  m. 
Matthew  Wilks,  1842;  d.  ".89», 


.  Louisa  Lanrdon,  ^.  18^:);  :n. 
Deliincey  Kane.  1<54J'., 


1.  Eliza  WilUs;    m.   Byam  K. 
Stevens,  1869. 


2.  Alice  WilUs;  m.  William  N 
Keefer,  M.  D. 


3.  Langdon  Wilks,  b.  1855;  in. 
I'auline  Kingsinill,  1891. 


4.  M:itthew  Astor  Wilks. 


5.  Katherine  Lanadon  Wilks. 


1.  Walter    L.ingdon    Kane;    b 
1851;  m.  Mary  Hunter,  1877  ; 
d.  1896. 


,2.  Delancey    Astor     Kane,    b. 
I     1844;  m.  Eleanor  Iselin,  1872 

J3.  John  Innes  Kane,   b.   IS'S; 
'     m.  Annie  Schermerhorn,  1878 


1.  Matthew  Wilks  Keefer. 

2.  I'etrena  Keefer. 

3.  Eliza  Christine  Keefer. 


1.  Carolyn  Hunter  Kane.b.l880; 
m.  Edgar  M"rris  IMielps,  1900, 
and  had  i.isue:  1  Walter  Kaue 
Phelps,  b.  1901  ;  2.  Henry 
Delafield  I'helps,  b.l902. 

2.  Helen  Doro:hy  Kane. 


1.  Delancey- l.-elin  Kane. 


14.  Louisa  Langdon  Kane. 

[5.  Emiiy      Astor      K:ine; 
Augustus  Jay,  1876. 

(eT^'biT Kent  K.ine^ 


7.  Woodburv  Kane  ;  m.  Mrs. 
Sallie  ILargous  Elliott.  1905; 
d. 1905. 


8.  Samuel  >iichul.sou  Kane;  d, 
IT^oe. 


5.  Walter  Lr  J2<>  ,d  j  <(21  ;  m. 
Cs'^nerir..  L,^'t\Vgil'.A,  1847;  d. 
.893. 


%.  "(00-'\,iiry  L'ngilon.  b.  1824; 
m.  'lelen  c'olford  Jones,  lf47; 
'».  1892. 


>.  Cecelia  I/nngdon,  b.  1827;  m. 
Jean  de  Notbeck,  1849. 


8.  Eugene  Langdon,  b.  1832; 
m.  Harriet  Lowndes,  1859; 
d.  1868. 


1.  A  sou;  d. 


1.  Woodl)Ury  Gersdorf  Lang- 
don, b.  1850;  ni.  Sophia  E 
Montjjomery,  1882. 


1.  Euu^enia  de  Notbeck,  !■.  1^"2 


2.  Cecelia  de  >fotbeci,  b.  1856. 


3.  A  dau-.-^hter. 


4.  A  Son. 


1.  M.-irion  Langdon,  b.  1864;  m 
RoyaUI'helps  C.-irroll,  1891. 


1.  Del.'incey  Kine  Jtiy. 

2.  I'eter  Augustus. 


1.  Sophie  E.  I  angdon.  b.  1883. 

2.  Woodburv  G.  Langdon,  .Jr. 
3.) 

4.  -  Three  younger  children. 

5.)  


'i.  Anne  L.  Langdon.  b.  18  '.5;  m, 
Howard  Townscnd,  1894. 


1.  Marion  Dorothea  Carroll. 


1.  Sopliie  W.  Townsencl. 

2.  Anne  Langdon  Townsend. 

3.  Howard       Van     Kens.-?elaer 
Townsend. 

4.  Eugene  Langdon  Towneendt 


326 


The  American  Multi-Millionaires. 


THE    ROCKEFELLERS. 

DESCEND A"N"TS  OF  WILLIAM   A.  ROCKEFELLER. 
Born  1810;   married  Eliza  Davison. 


Children. 

Grandchildren. 

1.  Bessie   Rockefeller,  b.  IS^^S; 
m.  Prof.  Ch.-jries  A.  Strong, 
1889;  d. 1906. 

Great-Grandciiililren. 

(ireat-Great-Uraiidcliildreii. 

1.  John  D.  RockefeJler,  b.  1839; 
m.  Laura  C.  Spelman,  1864. 

2.  Alti     Rockefeller,    b.    1871; 
m.  1901,  E.Partnalee  Prentic. 

1 .  Son,  deceised. 

3.  Edith    Rockefeller,    b.  ISTi; 
m.   Harold     i'.    McCoriiiick, 
1895. 

1.  JohnRockefellerMcCormick, 
b.  1897  ;  d.  1.01. 

2.  Fowler  McCormick,  b.  1899. 

3.  Harold  AlcCormick,  Jr. 

4.  Daughter,  b.  1903. 

5.  Muriel  McConiiick,  b.  1904. 

1.  Daughter,  b.  Nov.  10,  190;. 

2.  Ji.hn  D.  Rockefeller,  3rd,  b. 
1906. 

4.  John  1).   K'.ckefeller,  Jr.,  b. 
1874;  m.Abby  Greene  Aldrich, 
1901. 

1.  William    G.    Roikefeller.  b- 
1870;  m.  Elsie  Stillman,  1896. 

*. 

2.  Willi.sm  Rockefeller,  b.  1841; 
iti.   Almira    Geraldine   Good- 
sell,  1S64. 

2.  Emilia    ILickefeller,   b.   1868; 
III.    IJr.    David    Hunter    Mc- 
Alpin,  1896. 

3.  Percv  Avery  Rockefeller,  b. 
1878;  m.  Isabel  G.  Slillman, 
1901. 

1.  Isabella  Rockefeller,  b.  1902. 

4.  Ethel  Geraldiiie  Rockefeller, 
b.   188-2;  111.    1907,   Marcellus 
Hartley  Dodge. 

THE    MORGANS. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  .JUNIUS    SPP:NCER  MOROAN, 
Born  1813;  marrierl,  183t5,  .Juliet  Pierpoiit;  died  1890. 


CHILDUtN. 

Grandchildren. 

Great-Grandchildrt-n. 

Great-Great-Grandchildren. 

1.  John    Pierpont    Morg^an,    b. 
1837;  m.  1st,  Amelia  Sturges; 
2il.     1865,      Frances     Louise 

1.  Louisa   Pierpont   Morgan,  b. 
1866;  m.  190O,  Herbert  Living 
ston  Satterlee. 

1.  Mabel  Morgan  Satterlee. 

2.  Eleanor  Morgan  Satterlee. 

Tracy. 

2.  John   Pierpont  Morgan,  .Tr., 
b.  1867;  m.  1890,  Jane  Norton 
Grew, 

1.  Junius  Spencer  Morgan,   b: 
1892. 

2.  Jane  Norton  MorgJin. 

3.  Frances  Tracy  Morgan. 

4.  Henry  Sturgis  Morgan. 

3.  .luliet   Pierpont   Morgan,  b. 
1870;   m.  1894,  William   Pier- 
son  Hamilton, 

1.  Helen  Morgan  Hiwiilton. 
i.  Pierpont  Morgan  Hamilton. 
3.  Laurens  Morgan  Hamilton. 

4.  Alexander  Hamilton. 

4.  Anne  Tracy  Morgan,  b.  1873. 

2.  Sarah    Spencer    Morgan,  b. 

1.  Junius  .Spencer  Morgan;  in. 
Josephine  Adams  Perry. 

1.  Sarah  Spencer  Morgan. 

1839;    m.    1866,  George    Hale 
Morgan;  d.  1898. 

2.  Alexander  Perry  Morgan. 

2.  Caroline  Lucy  Morgan. 

3.  George  D.  Moru:an. 

1.  William  Burns  ;    died  an  in- 
fant. 

3.  Mary     Lyman     Morgan,    b. 
1844;  m.  1867,  Walter  Hayues 

Burns;  he  died  1897. 

2.  Walter       Spencer      Morgan 
Burns. 

3.  MaryBiirns;  ni.   1901,  Lewis 
Vernon  Harcourt. 

1.  Doris  Vernon  Hatcourt. 

2.  Olivia  Harcourt. 

3.   Daughter. 

4.  Junius   Spencer   Morgan,    b. 
1846,  d.  18."*;  unmarried. 

5.  Juliet   Pierpont    Morgan,  b. 
1x47;  m.  1867,  R«v.  John    B. 
Morgan. 

1.  Ursula  Junius  Mor.'.in. 

2.  John  Junius  Morgan. 

THE    MACKAYS. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  JOTIN    W.   MACKAY.  ,.    ,  ,  , 

Born  at  Dublin,  Ireland,  1831;  m.  Marie  Louise  Hmigerford-Rrvaiit  (w.)  1867;  died  .Tnlv20.19n2. 

•  ireal-tJreat-Grandchild  en. 


Children. 


1.  Andrea  Galatro-Colonna. 


2.  Bianca  Galatro-Colonna. 


3.  Mirco  Galatro-Colonna. 


Eva  Bryant  Mackav  (.idopti-d); 
m.  1885  Polnce  de  Galatro- 
C'donna  (afterwards  Prince 
di  Stigliano). 

\.  John  W.  Mackav,  Jr.,  b. 
Aug.  12,  1870;  d.  Paris,  Oct. 
18,  1895  (unmarried). 

2.  Clarence  H.  Mackay;  b.Apr:l 
17,  1874;    m,   1898  Katherine  j    EJlin  puer  Mackay. 
Puer,  I 


Grandchildren. 


1.  Katherine  Duer  Mackay. 


Great-Grandchild  ren. 


The  American  Multi-MllUonaires. 


327 


THE    HAVEMEYERS. 

DESCEXDAXTS  OF  WILLIAM  FREDERICK  HAVEMEYER. 
Born  in  Xew  York,  1804;  married  Sarah  Agnes  Crai??,  1828;  died  November  30,  1874. 


Childbkn. 

GrandchiMren. 

Great-Grandchildren. 

(ireat-Great-Cirandchildren. 

1.  William  Havemeyer,  b.  18 — ; 
d.  1634. 

a.  8anih  Clianiller  Hnvemeyer; 
m.  Hectoi-  Armstrong,  1856. 

1.  William    F.    H.   Armstrong; 
m.  Jennie  Herrman. 

1 

3.  .John   Craig    Havenieyer,    b. 
>ew    York,    1S33;     m.    Alice 
Alide  Francis,  1872. 

I.  Harriet  Francis  Havemeyer, 

2.  .John    Francis      Haveme\er; 
m.  Mary  Hayward  Mitchell, 
1S99. 

1.  Helen  Mitchell  Havemeyer. 

• 

2.  John  Francis  Havemeyer. 

3.  Alice  Louise  Havemeyer. 

4.   Henrv     Havemeyer,    b.          ; 
m.  Mary  J.  Jloller,  1864;  d. 
Issti. 

1.  ^^'illiam  Moller  Havemeyer; 
d.  1900. 

2.  William   F.  Havemeyer   2d. 
d.  1904. 

3.  J.   Blanche    Havemeyer;  m. 
Adair  Campbell. 

4  children  living  in  Scotland. 

4.  Edythe  Havemeyer. 

5.  A<rnes  .LHavemeyer;  m. • 

BLirnham;  d.  1893. 

6.  Harry  Havemeyer;  d. . 

5.  Hecti'r  Craig  Havemeyer;  d. 
December,  1889. 

C.  .lam^s  Havemeyer;  m.  Delia 
Conklin,  1870. 

1.  James  Craiir  Havemeyer;  m. 
Adah  Bryant. 

2.  Agnes  Havemeyer;    m.  John 
V.  A.  Cattus. 

7.  Laura     Amelia   Havemeyer; 
HI.  .\ov.30,  lsb9,  Isaac  Walker 
Maclay. 

1.  Juliri  Havemeyer  Maclay;  m. 
Charles  Ward  Hall. 

1.  Ciarles  W.  Hall. 

2.  Archibald  M^lay  Hall. 

3.  Hector  Craig  Hall. 

2.  Agnes  Craig  Maclay. 

■^.  William  Frederick  Maclay. 

4.  Henry  Havemeyer  Maclay. 

5.  Archibald  Maclay. 

6.  Laura  Grace  Maclay. 

8.  Charles   W,  Havemeyer;  m. 

1.  Julia  Loomis  Havemeyer. 

Julia  Loomis,  1874;  d.  1895. 

2.  Loomis  Havemeyer. 

9.  William     Frederick     Have- 
iiie.\er,  b.  March  31,  1850;  m. 
Josephine  Harmou,  1877. 

1.  Hector     H.    Havemeyer,    b. 
1878;    m.    Kay   M.    Russell, 
1902. 

1  child. 

2.  Martha    .1.    Havemeyer,     b. 
1?79;  m.  William  K.Willcox, 
1903. 

1  child. 

3.  Arthur  Havemeyer,  b.  1882. 

4.  Hayiiioud     Havemeyer,      b. 

1884. 

THE    HAVEMEYERS. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  FREDERICK  CHRISTIAN  HAVEMEYER. 
Born  in  New  York,  February  5, 1807 ;  married  Sarala  Osborne  Towusend,  1831 ;  died  July  28,  1891. 


Children. 

Grandchildren. 

Great-Grandchildren. 

Great-C;reat-Granilchiltlreu. 

1.  Fre.lericI;    Christian     Have- 
meyer; married. 

2.  Charles  O.  Havemeyer;  died 
in  infancy. 

3,  Mary  ().  Havemeyer;   m.  J. 
Lawrence  Elder;  d.  1864. 

1.  Frederick  H.  Elder;  died  uu- 
married,  18'-4. 

2.  Minnie    H.  Elder;    m.    Mc- 
Coskey  Butt. 

1.  Robert  McCoskey  Butt. 

• 

2.  Laurence  H,  Butt. 

4.  George    W.   Havemeyer;    d. 

1861;  unmarrie.l. 

6.  Kate      B.      Havemeyer;    m. 
Louts  J.  Belluai. 

1.  Marv  Louise  H.  Helioni. 

2.  Kate   H.  Belloni  ;    m.   Lau- 
rence Griffith, 

1.  Louie  Belloni  Griffith. 

3.  Sadie  H.  Belloni. 

4.  George  ( Miss)  H.BUoni;  m. 
Dr.  George  E.  McLaughliu. 

1.  Kntherine     Havemeyer    Mc- 
Laughlin. 

328 


The  American  3Iult'i-MllUonaires. 


THE    HAVEMEYERS-Continued, 

Chili>R¥n. 

Grandchildren. 

Great-Grandcliildnn.           1    Great-Great-Grandchildren. 

6.  Theodore     Augustus     Hav.- 
m  yer.  b.  New  York,  May  17, 
1839;     m.    October    1-,    lSt;:{, 
Emily    l-.?    l.oos.  y;    d.    Aj>  il 
98,  16»7. 

1.  Nat:ilie    Id:i    IVan-he    Have- 
meyer, b.  New  York,  1864;  m. 
John  Maver,  Aii-,;u.t  1884;  d. 
Maliwah.'N.  J.,  1900. 

i    Emily   A.  Mayer,  b.  1885;  m. 
M.  G.  Willis,  liiOsi. 

2.  JoEn  EJ.  Mayer,  b.  1887. 

I.  M.  (i.  Willis,  Jr.,  b.  1907. 

3.  Kowland  Mayer,  b.  189ii. 

4.  Jo.-^eph     Mayer,     b.     Uonie, 
Itily,  1900. 

2.  Emily    Bl;inch.'    Havemeyer, 
ti.  U'cslcheslcr,  N.  V.,  l>f>.");  iii. 
Ell.  Clarksuii  IVlter,  Juuuary, 
1885. 

1.  Kd.  C.  Potter,  Jr.,  b.  Dec^m- 
br,    l->85;    m.    Li^a   B.   Mar- 
sh 11,  19  5. 

1.  Catharine  I'utter,  b.  1906. 

2,  I)orotlie.a  Havemeyer  Potter, 
b.  1S87. 

3.  Emily  De  Loosey  Potter,  b.' 

i8»y. 

4.  Thomas  Wyiideart  Potter,  b. 
1891. 

5.  Marie  Blanche  Potte-.  b.  1892. 

6.  Theodore  Havemeyer  I'otter, 
b.  1-93. 

7.  Charles    Koberl    Potter,    b. 

1895. 

8.  Jnlia    Blachford    Putter,    b. 
1896. 

9.  Lillian  Fredericka  Potter,  b. 

18''9. 

10.  Kichard  Miltord  B.  Potter, 
b.  190O. 

11.  Eleanor  May  Potter,  b.  190J. 

" 

3.  Charles      Frederick      Have- 
meyer, h.  New  York,  1867;  m. 
Camilla  Morse,  1890;  d.  1898. 

1.  Theodore  A.  Havemeyer,'  3d, 
b.  1892. 

1 

2.  Charles      Frederick       Have- 
meyer, b.  1898. 

4.  Theodore  A.  Havemy.  r,  Jr., 
b.  1868;  m.  Katheriue  Avmer 
Sands,  1881. 

• 

S.Blanche    Maximili  .n    llave- 
m-'yi-r,    b.    Vienna,    1871;    m. 
William  Huller  iJuncan,  Jr., 
1891. 

1.  Natalie  l)niic;in.  b.  18!i2. 

2.  David  rhmcan,  b.  Ib93. 

3.  Dorothy  Duncan,  b.  I'.'OO. 

4.  William  B.  Duncan,  3d,   b. 

1903. 

6.  Marie     Ilia     I'aulin.-     Have- 
mever,    b.     1872;     m.     I'errji 
T.ff  iny,  1894. 

1.  Marion  Tiffany,  b.  189.=^. 

. 

2.  Theod  re  Perry  Tiffany,   b. 
1897;  m.  H.  F.  Godfrey,"l9.  6, 

7.  Henry  Osborne   Hav.meyer, 
Jr..    h.    18;6;     m.    Chaiiutte 
■\Vhiting,  1900. 

1.  Carlotta  Havemeyer,  b.  1901. 

2.  llenrv    Dsborn    Havemeyer, 
3d,  b."l903. 

3.  Florence  Hav-'m-yir,  b.  I'.'OS. 

1.  Nalalie  Emily   Winslow,   b, 
1900. 

2.  Henry      Cameron      McCrea- 
Winslow,  h.  1901. 

8.  Theodora      Havemeyer,      b. 
lJS78;  m.  Lieut-Coin.  Cameron 
McCrea  Winslow,    U.   S.   X., 
1899. 

3.  Tneodora  Wii.slow,  b.  19o3. 

4.  Emily  Winslow,  b.  1904. 

9.  Fredericic     Chri-tian     Have- 
meyer, :id.   l>.   1881-;    ni.Li.lie 
HarriminTi^vis,  l.i06. 

"J.   Henry  ().  Haveineyer,  b.  Xrw 
^ork,    (Jciobt-r   18,    1»47;     m. 
l.ouisint!  Waliiron  Elder,  1883. 

1.  Ad  iliue  Havemeyer.              ' 
•2.  Horace  Havemeyer. 

3.  Electra  Havemeyer. 

8.  tSarah  T.ouise  Havemeyer;  m. 

Kr.-ilerick  Wendell  Ja.  kson. 

1.  Charles  F.  H.  Jackson. 

'2.  Louise  A.  Jackson. 

THE    FIELDS. 

DESCEXD.VNTS  O^   MAliSIFALL  FIELI). 
Born  In  Conway,  Mass.,  1835;  m.  1st,  Minnie  Scott,  1863;  2a,  Delia  Speacer-Caton,1905.  d.  1906. 


^— — —     — — r^-  - 

Chili>ken. 

Grandchildren. 

Great-Grandchildren. 

Great-Great-Grandchildren. 

i.  Mar  hall   Field,  Jr.,  1,.  1868; 

1.  .Marshall  Fiel.l  111.,  b.  l>-93. 

2.  Henry  Field,  b.  18"5. 

m.    1890,  Albertina    Huck;   d. 
Nov    27    1905. 

3.  Gwendolyn  Field,  b.  19o2. 

8.  Ethel   Fiel  1,  b.  1873;  m.  Ist, 
Arthur    1  ve.-,  1891;  2d,  Capt. 
David  Beatty,  D.  .S.O.,  19U  . 

1.  Koald  Lambert  Field  Tree, 
b.  1897. 

The   American  Multi- Millionaires, 


329 


THE  AMERICAN  MULTl- MILLIONAIRES— O/n/mtcd. 


THE    BELMONTS. 

DESCENDANTS  OF   AUGUST   BELMONT. 
Boru  at  Alzj',  Gprmaiiy,  Dec.  6,  1816;  manied,  1849.  Caroline  Slidell  Perry;  died  Nov,  24,  ISJH). 


Childben. 


1.   Perry  Belmont,  b.  1851;    m. 
1899,  Jessie  Uobbins. 


S.  August  Belmont,  b.  1863;  m. 
Elizabeth  H^imihon  Morgan; 
si.e  died  Ijye. 


Uraoilchildren. 


Great-Graiidchildren. 


1.  August  Belmont,  Jr.,  b.  1882;  1.  .Ies.-ie    Morgan    Belmont,   b, 
m.  Alice  W.de  (ioiooui ia,  1906,     1907. 


2.  Uavmond  Belmont,  b.  IbSS. 


3.  Morgan  Belmont,  b.  1*9^'. 

3.  Oliver  Hazard  l'err\  Belmont,!.  A  liaugbter. 
b.    185S  ;    m.   1st,  Sara  Swan 
Whiting.  l68  i ;    2d,  Alv.^  E. 
?mith  (Vauflerbilt),  189o. 


4.  Frederiksi,  b.  1854  ;   m.  1877, 
Samuel  S.  Rowland;  d.  190-.'. 

5.  Raymond  Belmont,  b.  1866; 
d.  1>87. 


6.  Jennie  Belmont;  d.  1873. 


Great- Great-Cir.".ndchildren. 


THE    WHITNEYS. 

DESCENDANTS  OF   WILLIAM   COLLINS    WHITNEY. 

Boru  in  Conwav,  Franklin  Co.,  Mass.,  .Tulj'  5.  1S41:  marr-od,  Isf,  1869.  Flora  R.  Pavne,  dauprliter  of 
Heiirv  B.  Pavne.  of  Ohio,  who  died  Feb.  4,  1893;  2d,  Sept.  28,  1896,  Mrs.  Kdith  Sybil  Ruudoiph, 
who  died  Mav  6,1899,    He  died  Feb.  2.  1904. 


Children. 


1.  Ilarrv  Payne  Whitn-y,  b.  in 
New  York,  April  29,  1»72;  m. 
Gertrude  Va^iderbilt,  l»y6. 


1.  Flora     Pavue    Whitney,     b 
18.47. 


2.  Vanderbilt  Whitney,  b.  1899. 


2.   I'auline  \Vhitn>v;m.Almeric 
Hugh  Pa-et,  1895. 


3.  Payne    Whitney;    m.   Helen 
Hav,  1902. 


Grandcliildreii. 


1.   Pauline  Pa-el,  b.  18'.>6. 


2.  Flora  Payne  Paget;  d. 


3.  Alice  Paget,  b.  1899. 


1.  Daughter,  b.  Feb.  5,  190:'.. 


4.  Dorothy  Payne  Whitney. 

5.  Child;  dTFeb.  3,  1881. 


2.  Son,  b.  Aug.  17,  19  '4. 


Great-Graiidchildren. 


Great-Great-Graudchildren. 


THE    LEITERS. 

DESCENDANTS  OF   LEVI   ZEIGLER  LF:ITER. 

Born  at  Leitersberg,  Washington  Co.,  Md.,  1834;  married  Mary   Tlieresa  Carver,   October  18,   1866; 

died  at  Bar  Harbor,  Me. ,  Jnue  6, 1904. 


Children. 


1.  Joseph  Leiter,  b.  in  Chicago, 
December  4,  1868. 

2.  Marv  Victoria  Leiter,  b.  Mav 
27,  1870 ;  m.  April  22,  1^95, 
Rt.  Hon.  George  Nathaniel 
Curzon,  now  T.ord  Curzon  of 
Kedlcston,  ex-Viceroy  of  In- 
dia; d.  1906. 

3.  Nancy  Lathroi>  Carver  Leiter; 
m.  Novemhcr  2!<,  1'.'04.  Major 
Colin  Powys  Campbell. 

4.  Marguerite  Hyde  l-eiter;  m. 
Dec.26.  1904.  Henry  Molyneux 
Paget  Howard, Earl  of  Suffolk 


Grandi  hiMren. 


1.  The  Hon.  Marv  Irene  Curzon. 


3.  The     Hon. 
Curzon. 


2.  The    Hon.    Cynthia   Blanche 
Curzon. 


Alexandria     X. 


I.  Colin  Campbell,  b.  1907. 


I.  Charles  Henry  George  How 
ard,  b.  19u6. 


Great-Grandchildren. 


Great-Cireat-Grandchildren. 


THE    COELETS. 

DESCENDANTS  OF   ROBERT  GOELET. 
Born  in  New  York,  1809 ;  married  Sarah  Ogdeu ;  died  1879. 


Childben. 

Grandchildren. 

Greaf-Granilchildren. 

Great-Great-Grandciiil.lren, 

].  Rnbei^  Goelet,  li.  New  York, 
Sept.  29,   1841  ;  m.   He'irietta 

1.  Uob-rt    Walton     Goelet,     b- 
March  19,  ISbO. 

Louise      ■\\arren,     18  ^9;      d. 
April  27,  1899. 

2.  Beatrice  Goelet;  d.  1897. 

2.  Ogden    Goelet.    b.    June    11, 
1S46;  m.  Mav  K.  Wilson,  1877; 

1.  Rolpert     Goelet;     m.      Elsie 
Whelen,  1904. 

2.  -Mav  Gneet;  m.  the  Duke  of 
Koxburghe,  190.i, 

Ogden  Goelet,  b,  Jan.  17, 1907. 

- 

d,  Aug.  i7,  1397. 

330 


The  American  Multi-Millionaires. 


'I'HE  AMERICAN  MULTI-MILLIONAIRES— Con/m?{(rf. 


THE    LORILLARDS. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  PETER  LORILLARD. 
Born  ;March  17,1796;  niaiiied  Catherine  Griswold;  died  1867. 


Childukv. 

(irandchidren. 

Gre:it-Grandihildren. 

(ireat-Grrat-GrandchiMren. 

1.   Pierre  I. orillard,  b.  1833;  m. 
Emily  Taylor,  iBoS;  d.  1901. 

1.  Emily  L>'illard,  b.  lSo8;  m. 
\Villia"m  Keut,  ls81. 

1.  William   Kent,  Jr.,  b.  April 
14,  1882. 

2.  Emily   L.  Kent.  b.  Oct.   2:i, 
1884. 

3.   Peter  L.  Kent,  b.  March   3, 

1887. 

4.  Kiih.ird  Kent,  li.Feb.  5,  l!t04. 

•i.  Pierre  Lorillard,. Ti-..  b.  I-mIO; 
m.  Caroline  J. Hamilton,  1881. 

1.  Pierre  Lorillard,3rd,  b.March 
10,  18^2. 

2.  Griswold  Lorillard,  b.  June, 
ISS.i. 

3.  Griswold     X.    Lorillard,    b. 
Is63;  d.  1888.  unmarried. 

4.  Maude  Louise    Lorillard,    b. 
187;-t;      m.    Thomns     Suffern 
Tailer,  Ls93;  2d.  C^cil  Harin-. 
London,    England,    Nov.     8, 

1.  Lorillard  Tailer,  b.  Dec.  25, 
1897. 

2.  Daphne  Raring,  b.  Feb.,  1904. 

1902.                                               3.  Daugliter  b.  Oct..  1905. 

2.  George    L.    Lorillard,    mar- 
ried. 

No  issue. 

3.  Louis  L.  l.orillard;  m.  K;ith- 

1.  Louis  L.  l.orillard,  .Ir. 

erine  Beekmau. 

2.  George  L.  Lorillard. 

3.  Beeckman  Lorillard;  m.  1903, 
Katlileen  Doyle. 

1.  Augusta  Lorillard;  m.  Will- 
iam H.  Sands. 

4.  .lacoli  Lorillard;  m.  Frances 
A.  Uhlhoru. 

1.  Harold  A.  Sands. 

2.  Anita  L.  !)ands. 

2.  Ernest  E.  Lorilhird;  in.  Eliza- 
beth K.  Screven. 

1   Mary  V.  K.  Lorillard. 

3.  .T;icob  Lorillard,  .Tr. 

5.  E-.  a  Lorillard;  m.  Col.  Law- 

1. Lorillard  Kip;  d.  189rt. 

rence  Kip,  I86>. 

2.  Eva  Maria  Kip;  d.  1870. 

3.  Edith  Kip;  m.  Kichard  Mc- 
Creery. 

1.  Ijawrence  McCreery. 

6.  M  iry  Lorill.ird;  m.  Henry  \. 
Barb«y. 

1.  Henry  G.  Barbey. 

2.  Mary  L.  Barbey;  m.  Alfred 
Seton,  Jr. 

1.  Marie  Seton. 

2.  Helen  Seton. 

3.  Henry  Seton. 

3.  Ethel  Lynde  Barbey;  m.l895, 
A.  Lanfear  Norrie. 

1.  Lanfear  Norrie. 

2.  Emily  Kita  Norrie. 

3.  Valerie  Norrie. 

4.   Helene     B;irl'ey;    in.    Count 
Hermann  de  Pourtales. 

1.  Irene  Pourtales. 

2.  Alex.  Pourtales. 

3.  Jacquelin   Pourtales. 

1.  Marie  Madeline  de  Neuflize. 

5.  Eva  Barbey;  m.  Baron  Andre 
de  Neuflize. 

6.  Uita  Barbey. 

7.  Pierre  L.  Barbey. 

1.    Catherine       Lorillard;      m. 
James  1'.  Kernochan. 

I.  James  Lorillard  Kernoch.in; 
m.  Eloise  Stevenson;  d.  1903. 

! 

2.  Catherine    Lnrill.ird    Kerno- 
chan; m.  Herbert  C.  Pell. 

1.  HerburtC.  Pell,  Jr.                  ' 

2.  flaren.  e  C.  Pell. 

THE    CARNECIES. 

DESCENDANT    OF  ANDREW  CARNEHTE 
Boru  at  Dumfermline,  Scotland,  Nov.  25,  1835;  married,  1887,  Louise  Whitfield. 


Childbkn. 


Marifaret  Carnegie,   b.  1897. 


GrandchiMren. 


Great-Grandcliildren. 


Great-Great-Grandchildren. 


There  are  relatives  of  Mr.  Carnegie  residin.:  in  the  United  States,  inchidin?  his  I'rother,  Thomas  C.irnegie,  and  family  at 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  but  Andrew  Carnetrie  is  alone  the  founder  of  the  American  mulli-millionaire  family. 

THE    ARMOURS. 

DESCEND.A.NTS  (JF  PHILIP  DANFORTH  ARMOUR. 
Born  in  Stockbridge,  N.Y.,  May  16,  1832;  married,  1862,  Malvina  Belle  Ogden;  died  Jan.  6,1901. 


CllII.DKKV. 

Grandcliildren. 

Great-Gran. Ichildren. 

(ireat-Great-Grandchildren. 

\.  Jonathan  Ogden  Armour,  b. 
186;;;  m.  Lolit.i  Sheldon. 

1.  LoliU,  b.  1896. 

2.  Philip  Danforth  Armour,  Jr., 
b.  1869;  m.  :S90;  d.  1900. 

1.  Philip  Danforth  Armour,  ;;d, 
b.  1894. 

2.  Lester  Armour,  b.  1896, 

J^ractical   221iQUcttt.  331 

AS    OBSERVED    IN    AMERICAN    SOCIETY. 

CALLS. 

The  hours  for  women's  formal  calls  are  between  ,3  and  G  in  the  afternoon.  ,  Men  may 
call  in  the  evening  or  on  Sunday  afternoons  if  their  engag-ements  are  such  as  to  make  it 
impossible  for  them  to  call  upon  the  "At  Home"  day.  A  formal  call  should  not  last  more 
than  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes.  On  an  "At  Home"  day  it  may  be  even  more  brief.  Calls 
should,  always  be  paid  on  a  woman's  "day,"  if  possible.  On  other  days  it  is  permissible 
for  her  to  give  orders  to  her  servants  that  she  is  "not  at  home." 

The  first  call  is  made  by  an  old  resident  on  a  new  comer.  A  bride  receives  caljs  before 
she  pays  them,  A  visiting  stranger  should  be  called  upon  by  residents  before  she  is 
expected   to   pay   any   calls   herself. 

The  reception  of  an  invitation  to  any  social  function,  whether  the  invitation  be 
accepted  or  declined,  constitutes  a  social  debt  to  be  discliarged  by  a  call.  Failure  to  do 
this  is  a  slight  to  the  hostess.  The  gwests  invited  to  a  wedd>ig  must  call  on  the  mother 
of  the  bride  soon  after  the  wedding,  and  call  promptly  on  the  bride  as  soon  as  she  is 
settled  after  her  marriage.  Calls  are  in  order  after  a  bereavement  in  a  family.  Calls  of 
inquiry,  when  there  is  illness  in  a  household,  are  also  desirable.  Such  calls  as  these  are 
made  whether  social   calls  are   due   or   not. 

First  calls  should  be  returned  within  a  week  or  ten  days  after  they  are  received.  The 
call  should  be  on  the  "At  Home"  day,  when  feasible.  Calls  of  purely  formal  acquaintances 
should  be  exchanged  at  least  once  a  season  if  the  social  relations  between  them  is  to  be 
maintained. 

A  man.  In  calling",  leaves  his  overcoat,  overshoes,  and  umbrella  in  the  hall.  At  a  first 
call  he  may  carry  his  hat  and  cane  into  the  drawing-room  with  him,  although  this  is  nut 
obligatory.     At  later  calls  he  should  leave  them   in  the  hall. 

A  woman  wearing  overshoes  and  a  storm-coat  when  calling  may  leave  them  in  the 
hall  with  her  umbrella. 

When  a  man  and  a  woman  are  calling  together  it  is  the  man's  place  to  wait  for  the 
woman  to  give  the  signal  to  leave.  When  two  women  are  calling  together  it  is  the  place 
of  the  senior  of  the  two  to  make  the  first  move.  It  is  bad  form  to  linger  over  the  leavie- 
takings  after  a  start  has  been  made. 

CARDS, 

Men's  calling  cards  should  be  small,  thin,  and  perfectly  plain  except  for  the  inscrip- 
tion in  script,  old  English,  or  block  lettering.  The  man's  full  name  or  the  initials  of  his 
Christian  names  and  his  surname  should  be  given,  always  preceded  by  "Mr.,"  unless  It  is 
followed  by  "Jr.,"  or  in  cases  whei-e  a  title  or  a  degree  is  appended.  A  physician  may 
have  his  name  preceded  by  "Dr."  or  followed  by  "M.  D."  A  clergyman's  card  may  either 
read   "Reverend  John  H.   Smith."   or,   if  he  has  a  degree,    "John  H.  -Smith.   D.   D." 

The  address  should  be  in  the  lower  right-hand  corner.  If  both  a  house  and  a  cUib 
address  are  given,  the  latter  is  in  the  lower  left-hand  corner,  the  former  in  the  lower  right- 
hand    corner. 

Abbreviations  or  nicknames  of  any  sort  are  out  of  place  on  a  card.  So  are  fac-simile 
signatures. 

The  married  woman's  calling  card  is  a  little  lajfger  than  that  used  by  the  unmarried 
worrian.  The  cards  for  women  are  larger  and  heavier  than  those  for  men,  are  very  plain, 
and  are  lettered  in  the  same  fashion.  The  matron's  card  bears  her  married  name,  as 
"Mrs.  David  James  Pitkin,"  The  address  is  in  the  lower  right-hand  corner,  the  "At 
Home"  day  in  the  lower  left-hand  corner.  The  hours  at  which  she  is  "At  Home"  are  also 
mentioned    if   she   wishes    to    limit   these. 

The  unmarried  woman's  card  bears  simply  the  title  and  the  surname,  if  she  is  the 
oldest  or  only  daughter,  as  "Miss  Brown."  A  younger  daughter's  given  name  should 
appear,  as  "Miss  Eleanor  Brown."  Young  girls  in  their  early  social  seasons  have  their 
names  engraved  on  the  same  cards  with  their  mothers.  A  widow's  card  my  bear  either 
her  married  name,  as  she  wrote  it  in  her  husband's  lifetime,  or  her  own  given  names 
preceding   her  surname. 

When  visiting  a  friend  who  is  stopping  in  the  house  of  some  one  who  is  a  stranger 
to  the  caller,  the  latter  leaves  a  card  for  the  hostess  as  well  as  for  the  friend.  In  calling 
on  other  than  an  "At  Home"  day,  the  cards  are  handed  to  the  maid  at  the  door,  after 
the  inquiry  as  to  whether  or  not  the  hostess  is  at  home.     They  are  left  in  either  case. 

Cards  may  be  made  to  take  the  place  of  a  call  on  occasions  of  condolence,  congratu- 
lation, or  inquiry.  They  may  be  left  in  person  or  sent  by  post.  The  former  method  iS' 
better    form. 

INVITATIONS    AND    ANNOUNCEMENTS, 

An  invitation  to  a  large  and  formal  dinner  should  be  sent  out  not  less  than  a  wepk 
or  ten  days  in  advance.  A  reply  should  be  sent  within  twenty-four  hours.  If  the  invitation 
is  written  in  the  third  person  the  reply  should  be  couched  in  the  same  form.  If  it  is 
framed  in  a  less  formal  way  the  answer  should  be  in  similar  fashion.  A  written  regret 
should,  of  course,  be  sent  if  a  person,  after  accepting  an  invitation  to  dinner,  is  prevented 
from   being   present. 

Invitations  to  large  weddings  are  sent  out  from  two  to  four  weeks  before  the  cere- 
mony. No  reply  is  necessary  to  an  invitation  unless  especially  requested.  When  a  guest 
is  unable  to  attend  a  home  wedding  cards  should  be  sent  to  the  parents  of  the  bride  the 
day  of  the  marriage.  No  acknowledgment  is  demanded  for  cards  to  a  church  wedding, 
although  cards  should  be  left  for  the  bride's  mother  after  the  marriage.  A  good  general 
rule  for  all  invitations,  except  those  to  church  weddings,  is  to  reply  to  them  as  promptly 
as  possible.  Announcement  cards  should  be  met  by  a  call  on  the  bride's  mother,  or  by 
cards  left  for  her,  and  by  personal  cards  sent  to  the  bride  upon  her  return  from  her 
wedding  trip,  or  by  a  call  in  person  on  her  "At  Home"  days.  Out  of  town  friends  should 
send  cards,  and  the  failure  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a  wedding  announcement,  by  a 
note  or  cards,  is  a  serious  breach  of  good  manners,  and  warrants  the  inference  that  the 
recipient  is  either  ignorant  or  indifferent  to  the  courtesy. 

Cards  should  be  left  in  acknowledgment  of  announcement  of  an  engagement  or  a  birth. 
The  notes  of  condolence  which  should  always  be  sent  to  a  bereaved  family  should  be 
acknowledged  by  a  note,  or  by  a  card  bearing  a  word  of  thanks  or  appreciation. 


332 


Emher  and  Hogation  Days. 


ILcijal  Ji|oltt»a»s  in  tijc  Uan'ous  estates. 


jANtTARY  1.  Nkw  Year's  Dav  :  In  all  the 
States  (iucliuling  the  District  of  C'nhimbia,  Ari- 
zona, and  New  Mexico),  except  Massachusetts, 
Mississippi,  and  New  Hampshire. 

Januarys.  Axxivkrsary  of  the  Battle 
OF  New  Orleans  :  In  Louisiana. 

January  19.  Lee's  Birthday:  In  Florida, 
Georgia,  North  Carolina,  v^outh  Carolina,  Vir- 
ginia, Alabama,  and  Arkansas. 

Fkrruary.  MARDi-(iRAs:  In  Alabama  and 
the  parish  of  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

Fkbritary  12.  Lincoln's  HiKTHDAY:  InC'olo- 
rado,  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Illinois,  Kansas, 
Massachusetts,  Minnesota,  Nevada.  New  .lersey. 
New  York,  North  Dakota,  Pennsylvania,  Wash- 
ington, ana  Wyoming. 

February  2'2.  Washington's  Birthday: 
In  all  the  states,  District  of  Columbia,  and  Ari- 
zona, ,xcept  Mississippi,  where  it  is  observed  by 
exercises  in  the  public  schools. 

March  2.  Av.viversaky  of  Texan  Inde- 
PEVOKNCE  :  In  Texas. 

April.  In  Oregon,  the  forty-fifth  day  preced- 
ing general  State  Election,  primary  nominating 
election  lield.  Every  day  on  which  'an  election  is 
he  d  throughont  the  State  is  a  legal  holiday, 

AprilIT,  1908.  Good  Friday  •  In  Alabama, 
Delaware,  Florida,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Minne- 
sota, New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  'i'eunessee. 

April  19.  Patriots'  Day:  Iu  Maine  and 
Ma.ssachnsetts. 

April  21.  Anniversary  of  the  Battle  of 
San  Jacinto:  In  Texas. 

April  26.  Confederate  Memorial  Da  Y  :  In 
Alabama,  Florida,  (ieorgia,  and  Mississippi. 

May  10.  Confederate  Memorial  Day  :  In 
North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina. 

M.ay  (Second  Friday)  Confederate  Day: 
In  Tenne.ssee. 

May  20.  Anniversary  of  the  Signino  of 
THE  Mecklenburg  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence :  In  North  Carolina. 

May  (last  Friday)  Pioneer  Day  :  In  Montana, 
observed  in  public  schcjols. 

May  30.  Decoration  Day  :  In  all  the  States 
and  Territories  (and  District  of  Columbia;,  except 
Florida,  (leorgia,  Idalio,  Louisiana,  Mississippi, 
North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Tennessee, 
Texas.  In  Virginia,  known  as  "Confederate 
Memorial  Day.  ' ' 

June  3.  Jefferson  Davis's  Birthday:  In 
Florida,  (4eorgia,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Tennes- 
see, Texas,  and  South  Carolina.  In  liOuisiana. 
known  as  "Confederate  Memorial  Day."  In 
Virginia,  in  public  schools. 

June  (first  Monday),  even  years,  general  State 
election  in  Oregon. 

July  4.  Independence  Day:  In  all  the  States, 
District  of  Columbia,    and  Territories. 

July  24.     Pioneers'  Day:  In  Utah. 

August.  Primary  Election  Days:  In  Mis- 
souri. 

August  16.  Bennington  Battle  Day :  In 
Vermont. 

September  7,  1908.  Labor  Day:  In  all  the 
States  and  Territories  (and  District  of  Columbia), 
except  North  Dakota.  In  Louisiana,  observed  in 
Orleans  Parish.  In  Wyoming  by  proclamation  of 
the  Governor. 

September  (First  Tnei5day)  Primary  Elec- 
tion Day:    In  Wisconsin. 
September9.  Admission  Day:  In  California. 


September  12.     "Old  Defenders'  Day": 
In  Baltimore.  Md. 
October  31.     Admission  Day:    In  Nevada. 
November  1.    AllSaints'Da y:  luLouisiana. 
Novemhp:r  ■"  General  Election  Day:    In 
Arizona,  California,  Colorado,  Delaware,  Florida, 
Idaho  (Illinois  in  Chicago,   Springfield  and  >.ast 
St.  Louis onlj'), Indiana.  Iowa,  Kansas,  Kentucky, 
Louisiana,  Maryland,  Micbigan,  Minnesota,  Mis- 
souri, Montana.   Nevada,  New  Hampshire,   New 
Jersey,  New  Mexico,  New  York.  North  Carolina, 
North  Dakota,    Ohio  (from  5.30  a.m.    to  9  a.m. 
only),   Oklahoma,  Oregon  (vote  for   Presidential 
electionsonly),  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  South 
Carolina,  South  Dakota,  Tennessee,  Texas,    West 
Virginia,    Washington,    Wisconsin,    and   Wyom- 
ing, in  the  years  when  elections  aie  hnld  therein. 
In  1908  in 'States  holding  such  elections  the  date 
is  November  3. 

November  mm  1908.  Thanksgiving  Day 
(usually  the  fourth  Ihnrsday  in  November'):  Is 
observed  in  all  the  States,  and  in  the  District  of 
Columbia,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico,  though  in 
some  States  it  is  not  a  statutory  holiday. 

December  25.  Christmas  Day  :  In  all  the 
States,  District  of  Columbia,  and  Territories. 

Sundays  and  Fast  Dj^ys  are  legal  holidays  in  all 
the  States  which   designate  them  as  such. 

Tbere  are  no  statutory  holidays  in  Mississippi, 
but  by  common  consent  the  Fourth  of  July, 
Thanksgiving. and  Christmas areobserved.  InNew 
Mexico,  Wasliingtons  Birthdav,  Decoration  Day, 
Labor  Day,  Flag  Daj' (June  l4),  and  Arbor  Day 
are  holidays  when  so  desimiated  by  the  Governor. 
In  South  Carolina,  Thursday  of  Fair  Week  is  a 
legal  holiday. 

Arbor  D.ay  is  a  legal  holidayin  Arizona,Maine, 
Marj'land,  New  Mexico,  Wisconsin,  and  Wyom- 
ing, the  dav  being  set  by  theGovernor:  in  Texas, 
February  22  ;  Nebraska,  April  22;  Utah,  April 
15;  Rhode  Island,  second  Friday  in  IVtay;  Mon- 
tana, second  Tuesday  in  May;  Georgia,  first  Friday 
in  December;  Colorado  (school  holiday  only), 
tliird  Friday  in  April;  in  Oklahoma,  the  Friday 
following  the  second  Monday  in  March;  ir  Arkan- 
sas, first  Saturday  in  March. 

Every  Satu 111 a.v  after  12  o'clock  noon  is  a  legal 
holidav  in  California  in  public  offices,  Illinois  (iu 
cities  of  200, OOOor  more  inhabitants),  Maryland, 
MichigaiL  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Ohio,  Penn- 
sylvania, Khode  Island,  Virginia,  the  District  of 
(jolumbia  (for  banking  purposes),  and  in  New 
Orleans,  La.,  and  Charleston,  S.  C. ;  in  Louisiana 
and  Missouri  in  cities  of  100,000  or  more  inhabi- 
tants; in  Tennessee,  for  State  and  county  ofticers, 
and  in  Colorado  during  June.  July,  and  August; 
in  Indiana,  first  Saturday  in  June  to  last  Saturday 
in  October,  inclusive,  for  all  public  offices  in  conn- 
ties  having  a  county-seat  of  100, 000  population  or 
more. 

There  is  no  national  holiday,  not  even  the 
Fourth  of  July.  Congress  has  at  various  times 
appointed  special  holidays.  In  the  second  session 
of  the  Fifty-third  Congre.ss  it  pa.ssed  an  act  mak- 
ing Labor  Day  a  public  holiday  in  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  it  has  recognized  the  existence  of 
certain  daj's  as  holidays  forcommercial  purposes 
but,  with  the  exception  named,  there  is  no 
general  statute  on  the  subject.  The  proclamation 
of  the  President  designating  a  day  of  Thanksgiv- 
ing only  makes  it  a  legal  holiday  in  the  District 
of  Columbia  and  the  Territories. 


3Hml)rr  antr  iiofjation  Dap*?* 

Ember  and  Rogation  Days  are  certain  periods  of  the  year  devoted  to  prayer  and  fa.stlng.  Ember 
Days  (twelve  annually)  are  the  Wednesday,  Friday,  and  .Saturday  after  the  first  Sunday  in  Lent, 
after  the  feast  of  Pentecost  (Whit  Sunday),  after  the  festival  of  the  Holy  Cro.ss,  and  after  the  festival 
of  St.  Lucia.    Ember  Weeks  are  the  weeks  in  which  the  Ember  Days  appear. 

Rogation  Days  are  the  three  days  immediately  preceding  Holy  Thursday  or  Ascension  Day. 


The   Commonest  JSTaines: 


333 


Thesk  holidays,  with  their  names,  had  their  origin  in  mediaeval  England  when  the  State  religion 
was  that  of  the  Church  of  Home,  and  they  are  still  obfjerved  generally  or  in  some  pans  of  Britaiu. 


.Ianuaky  6.  T\s  fci.i-TH  Day,  or  Twelfth-tide,  sometimes 
callp4  ^'<1  ChiistmiiS  Day,  the  same  as  Epiphany.  The  previous 
evenings  Twelfth  Isignt,  with  which  uiauy  social  rites  have  long 
hyea  ccmnectefl. 

Kkbrl'aky  '.>.  Candlkmas  :  Festival  of  the  Purification  of  the 
Viijriii.  Con-iecration  ot"  the  lighted  candles  to  be  used  in  too 
church  during  lii<;  year, 

Kkbrlary  14.     Oi.D  Canplkmas      St.  Valentine's  Day. 

March  2.S.  Lady  Day  ;  Annunciation  ol  the  Virgin.  April 
iU  old  Lsdy  D;ii. 

JrxK  24.  MmsuMMEE  Day  :  Fea.st  of  the  Nativity  of  John  the 
Baptist.     July  7  is  old  Midsummer  Day. 


Septembiik  29.  MiciiAKLMAs :  Feast  of  8u  Michsiel,  the 
Archan<:el.     Old  Micliaeliiias  is  October  11. 

NovKMBER  1.  Ai-L-HALLowMAS  :  All-hallow»,  Of  All  Saints' 
Day.  The  previous  evening  is  All-h.allow-e'xu.  observed  by  home 
gatnsrin^  and  old-ti!iiie  festive  rites. 

XovEMBKK  2.  All  Souls'  Day  :  Day  of  prayer  for  the  souls 
of  the  dead. 

November  11.  Martinmas  :  Feast  of  St.  Martin*  Old  Martin- 
mas is  November  23. 

December  28.     Childermas;    Holr  Innocent*' Day. 

Lady  Day,  Midsummer  Day,  Michaelmas,  and  Christmas  aro 
quarter   (rent)  days   in   Enjiland,  and    Whitsundajr,  Martinmaa, 


Jl  i.Y  15.     St.  owithix's  Day.    There  was  an  old  superstition  j  Candlemas,  and  Lammas  Day  in  Scotland, 
that  if  r.iiii  fei.'  on  tliis  daV  it  wrould  continue  forty  days.  I      Shrove  Tuesday,  the  d.iy  before  Ash  Wednesday,  and  Matjndy 

August  1.  Lammas  Day  ;  Originally  in  England  "the  festival  [Thursday,  the  day  before  Good  Friday,  are  observed  by  the 
of  the  whe.-^t  harvest.  In  the  Church  the  festival  of  St.  Peter's  '  Church.  MotherinV  Sunday  is  Mid-Lent  Sunday,  in  which  the 
Dilracnlous  deliverance  from  prison.  Old  Lammas  Day  is  |  old  rural  custom  obtains  o£  visiting  ons's  parents  and  making  them 
Auicust.lS.    '  presents. 


^fit  (Commonest  Namrs^ 


The  fol  lowing  table  i^hows  the  fifty  commonest  names  In  England  and  Wales,  Scotland  and  Ireland 
arranged  in  the  order  of  their  frequency  according  to  a  compilation  made  by  the  London  Pall  Mall 
Gazette;  also  the  liity  commonest  uames  in  tlie  citieis  of  N<^w  York,  Chicago,  Philadelphia  and  Boston, 
specially  compiled  for  The  World  Almanac  from  the  City  Directories  of  the  respective  cities. 


England  &  W«les, 


1 

2 
3 
4 

5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33' 
34| 
35 
36| 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
43 
49 
50 


Scotland. 


[Smith Smith 

Jones IMcDonald, 

Williams j  Brown 

Taylor [Thomson  .. 

Davies JRoberibon. 

Brown jStewart 

Thomas,. .-,...,  Campbell .. 

Evans.. ■,  Wilson 

Roberts 'Anderson.. 

Johnson Scott 

Wilson I  Mi  Her, 


Ireland. 


Robinson.. iMcKenzie 'Doyle 


Murphy. 
Kelly.... 
Sullivan. 
Walsh  ..  , 
Smith  . .  . 
O'Brien.  , 
Bryne, . . . 
Byrne. , . . 
Connor..  . 
O'Neill.. 
Reilly  ... 


New  York  City 


Chlciigo. 


Smith  .......  Johnson. . . 

I  Brown |Sm.th 

[Miller i  Anderson. . 

Murphy Miller. 


Wright Reid 

Wood iRoss 

Thompson iMcKay  . . . 

Hall •. .  'Johnston.. 

Green Murray  ,.  . 

Walker Clark 

Hughes [Paterson  . 

Edwards  'Young. 

Lewis... Fraser. 

White JMcLean... 

Turner Henderson 

Jackson Mitchell [Daly  ... 

Hill Morrison |Conneli 

Harris Cameron |  Wilson 

Clark 'W&tson.. 

Cooper iWalker... 

Harrison Taylor.  ... 

Ward McLeod.. 

Martin Feraruson 


McCarthy  ... 
Gallagher  . .. 

Doherty 

Kennedy 

Lynch  

Murray 

Quinn 

Moore 

McLaughlin. 

Carroll 

Connolly 


Duncan. 
Gray 


Davis 

Baker 

Morris Dav'idson  . 

James :  Hunter  . . . 

King  ]Hamilton. 

Morgan Kerr 

Allen Grant. 

Moore..., ... 

Parker 

Clarke 

Cook 

Price 


Dunne 

Brennan... 

Burke 

Collins 

Campbell.. 

Clarke 

Johnston... 

Hughes 

Farrell .  ... 
Fitzgerald. 

Brown 

Martin 

Maguire...  . 
Nolan. 


Mcintosh ... 

Graham 

White Flynn. 

Allen i  Thompson.. 

Simpson ICallaghan,. 

Phillips McGregor.. iO'Donnell.. 

Shaw Munro JDuffy 

Bennett !  Sinclair iMahony 

Lee .....I Bell Boyle 

Watson Martin  JHealy 

Gritiiths Russell Shea 

Carter iGordon j  White 


!  Meyer Brown 

I  Johnson Peterson  . . . 

[Kelly Jones 

JColien Williams... 

Levy.........  Wilson 

Williams....  Tiiompson. 

Jones Olson 

Murray Davis....... 

Wiison Ryan 

Clark Clark 

Suliivun White 

Martin Kelly 

White Martin 

Davis Moore 

O'Brien Schmidt 

Ryan Sullivan  . .  , 

Moore Meyer 

Schmidt Murphy,.., 

Taylor O'Brien  .... 

Muller   Hansen 

Thompson  .. .  Larsen 

Anderson Taylor 

Walsh Walsh 

Harris Young 

Reilly Campbell... 

Campbell....  Lewis 

O'Connor Mueller.... 

King Baker 

Lynch Adams 

McCarthy McCarthy.. 

Schneider...  Hall 

Lewis Jack'  on  ... . 

Ward.. O'Connor... 

Young [Hill 

Robinson . 

Hall 

Brady 

Burke..  ... 
Morris.  ... 
Collins  ... 
Jackson . . 
Carroll  ... 

A'h'n 

Huarhes ,  Ward 

Kle  n Morris  

Colin Schne  ider. . 


Philadelphia. 


Boston. 


Smith . ii,  iSmith  .  . . 

Miller [Sullivan. 

Brown Murphy. 

Jones Brown... 

Johnson Johnson. 

Wilson iClark..  .. 

Kelly lO'Brien 


Burke.. .. 
Allen.... 
Olsen.  .., 
Hoffman 
Green.  .. 
Murray.. 

Lynch  

Becker  ... 
Petersen. 


Williams.. 

Taylor 

Davis 

Moore 

Clark 

Murphy 

Thompson... 
Dougherty  . . 

Young 

White 

Martin 

Thontas 

Campbell.  .. 
Gallagher... 
Robinson.. .. 

Myers 

Scott 

Anderson 

iMcLaug'n. .. 

•Allen 

Green  

Fisher 

Walker 

Morris 

Stewart 

Wright 

Mitchell 

Murray 

Hughes 

Lewis 

Fox 

O'Brien 

King 

Evans 

Roberts 

Jackson 

Harris 

Collins 

Snyder  

Kennedy  .... 

Wood 

Hall 

Burns 


McCarthy . . . 
White....... 

Davis 

McDonald. .. 
Williams.. .. 

Jones 

Kelley 

Hall 

Taylor 

Doherty 

Wilson 

Kelly 

Donovan 

Murray 

Collins 

Robinson.... 

Moore 

Aoderson.,.. 

Allen 

Thompson. .. 

Hill 

Ryan 

Miller 

McLaughlin. 

Walsh 

Mahoney .... 
Fitzgerald. .. 

VToung 

Parker  

Lynch  

Campbell.... 

Martin 

Rogers 

Baker 

Foley 

Wood 

Stevens 

Morse 

Crowley 

Lewis 

Barry 

Burke 

Driscoll 


334 


Mount   Yernon  Ladies^  Association, 


^i)e  Ef)cotrore  J^oosebelt  JpctrtBrn. 


1 


Isaac  Roosevelt. 
Nicholas  Roosevelt. 


CLJES  M  A  RTENSZEX 
VAN  ROSEXVKLT. 
of  Zeelund,  Holland, 
emigrated  to  New 
Netberland,  1649-50 
with  his  wife  Jauiietje 
S  a  ni  u  e  1  s  -  T  homas, 
had  issuer- 
Isaac  Roosevelt, 
Nicholas  Roosevelt. 

NICHOLAS  ROOSE- 
VEf/r  (1658-1742), 
bornSepteuiber,1658; 
Alderniitn  of  New 
Vork,1698-1701;died 
1743:  married  1682, 
Heyltje  Jans  Kunst, 
by  *  whom  he  had 
isssue:  — 

Jacobus  Roosevelt. 
Johauaes  Roosevelt. 


ioTlANNES   ROOSEVELT    (1689-  ),   bap- 

tised March  3,  1689  at  Esopus,  New  York; 
Alderman,  etc.;  married  Heylije  Sjoerts,  aud 
by  her  had  issue: — 

>JACOBUS  ROOSEVELT  (1724-  ),  baptised 

August  9,  1724:  married  Auuatje  Bogard,  and 
hadtssue:  — 

JACOBUS  ROOSEVELT  (1759-1840).  baptised 
October  25,  1759,  a  soldier.  Commissary  hi  the 
Revolutionary  War;  married  Mary  Helen 
Van  Shaack,  aud  dying  1840,  left  by  her  (who 
died  1845),  issue:— 

CORNELIUS  VAN  SHAACK  ROOSEVELT 
(1794-1871),  boru  January  oO,  1794;  died  1871 : 
married  Margaret  BarnhiU  (descendant  of 
Thomas  Potts,  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Pro- 
vincial Congress),  aud  by  her  (who  died  1861), 
had  issue:  — 

Silas  Roosevelt,  married  Mary  West. 
James  Alfred  Roosevelt,   married  Eliza- 
beth  N.    Emleu,    by   whom    he    had— 
William  Emlen,  born  April  30,  1857. 
William  Roosavelt,  died  in  infancy. 
Cornelius  V.  S,  Roosevelt,  married  Laura 

Porter. 

Robert  BarnhiU  Roosevelt,  born  August  7, 

1829;  Member  of  Congress,   Minister  to 

the  Netherlands;   died  June  14,   1906; 

married  first,  1860,  Elizabeth,  daughter 

of  John  Ellis,  by  whom  he  had  issue:— 

John  Ellis  Roosevelt,  married  Nannie 

M.  Vance. 


Robert  BarnhiU  Roosevelt,  married  first, 
Grace    Woodliouse;   married   seeoud. 
Liiie  Hamei-sley. 
He    married,    second,   Marion,    daughter 

of  John  O'Shea,  of  Neuagh,  Ireland,  aud 

widow  of  R.  Francis  Fortescue. 

Theodore  Roosevelt  of  whom  below. 

THEODORE  ROOSEVELT  (1831-1878),  born 
September  22,  18;:51 ;  died  February  9,  1878: 
Collector  of  the  Port  of  New  Yoric;  married 
December  22,  1853,  Martha,  daughter  of  Major 
James  Stephens  Bullock,  of  Georgia,  and  by  her 
(who died  February  12,  1884).  had  isssue:  — 

Theodore     Roosevelt,    President    of    the 

United  States  of  America. 
Elliott  Roosevelt,  born  February  28, 1860; 
married  1883,  Anna  Hall,  aud  by  her, 
has  ssue:  — 
Elliott  Roosevelt. ; 
Anna  Eleanor  Roosevelt. 
Gnice  Roosevelt. 
Anna  Roosevelt,  born  January  7,    1855; 
married  1895,  William  S.  Cowles,  Rear- 
Admiral,  United  states  Navy,  by  whom 
she  has  Issue: ~ 
William  S.  Cowles. 
Corinne  Roosevelt,    born  September  27, 
1861;  married  1882,  Douglas  Robinson, 
by  whom  she  has:  — 
"Theodore  Roosevelt. 
Monroe  D.  Roosevelt. 
Stewart  D.   Roosevelt. 
Corinne  D.  Roosevelt. 

THEODORE  ROOSEVELT,  President  of  the 
United  States  of  America;  born  at  New  York, 
October  27,  1858;  married  first,  October  27, 
1880,  Alice  Hathaway,  daughter  of  George 
Cabot  and  Caroline  (Haskell)  Lee,  of  Boston, 
Mass. ,  and  by  her  (who  died  February  14, 
1884), had  issue:— 

Alice  Lee  Roosevelt,   born  February  12, 
1884;  married  February  17.  1906,  Nich- 
olas, son  of  Nicholas  Lougworth  of  Cin- 
ciuatti,Ohio,  by  Susan,  his  wife,  daughter 
of  Judge  Timothy  Walker. 
He  married  second,  December  2,  1886,  Edith. 
Kerniit,   daughter   ol   Charles   and   Gertrude 
Elizabeth  (Tyler)  Carrow,  of  New  York  City, 
aud  bv  her  has  had  issue:  — 

Theodore  Roosevelt,  born  September  13, 

1887. 
Kermit  Roosevelt,  born  October  10,  1889. 
Ethel  (Darrow  Roosevelt,  born  August  10, 

1891. 
Arcliii>ald  Bullock  Roosevelt,  born  April 

9.  1894. 
Qnentin  Roosevelt,  born  November  19, 
1897  c 


i^ottflij  J^ititxn'  ^sisociation< 


Before  the  disbanding  of  the  First  Regiment  United  States  Volunteer  Cavalry,  serving  In 
Cuba,  the  members  organized  the  Rough  Riders'  Association.  All  members  of  the  regiment  are 
eligible  to  membei-ship  m  the  Association,  and  membership  descends  to  the  eldest  sons  of  original 
members,  as  in  the  Order  of  the  Cincinnati,  founded  by  the  officers  of  the  Revolutionary  War. 
The  following  are  the  officers:  Presidnit-C.  E.  Hunter,  Oklahoma  City,  OkL_  Vice-President— 
Dave  Goodrich,  New  York.    Secretary- Treasurer— B.  H.  Colbert,  Tishimiugo.Okl. 


i^ottut  Vtvnon  ILatrfcis'  Association. 

•  The  Wa.shington  Estate  at  Mount  Vernon,  Va. ,  Is  under  the  care  and  direction  of  the  Mount  Ver- 
non Ladies'  Association  of  the  Union.  The  founder  of  the  Association  in  1854  was  >(iss  Ann  Pamela 
Cunningham,  of  Soutli  Carolina.  Slie  was  tlie  first  Regent,  and  her  successors  have  been  Mrs.  Lily 
31.  Berghmau,  1874,  and  Mrs.  Justine  Van  Rensseliier  Towusend,  1893,  the  present  Regent.  There 
are  Vice- Regents  for  twenty-nine  States.  ,,       »       i 

The  present  officers  are:  Bepent  -Mrs.  Justine  Van  Rensselaer  Towusend.  Secretary— Mrs  Jennie 
Meeker  Ward,  Ottawa,  Kan.  Trea.mrer—K.  Francis  Riggs,  D.  C.  Jiesident  Supenntendent—H&rrxsoix 
H.  Dodge,   Assistant  SuperiiUendoU— James  Young.    Advisory  Ooinmiltee— Lewis  Cass  Ledyard,  N.  Y. 


HUiite   House  Rules.  335 


jFountration  Cor  t\^t  J^romcittou  of  Xntfustrial  JjJcacc. 

ACT  OF  CONGRESS  PROVIDING  FOR  THE  DISPOSITION  OF  PRESIDENT  ROOSE- 
VELT'S   NOBEL.    PRIZE. 

The  following  is  the  text  of  Chapter  2,558  of  the  Acts  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Congress,  sec- 
ond session,  entitled,  "An  Act  to  Establish  the  Foundation  for  the  Promotion  of  Industrial 
Peace,"  approved  March  2,  li)07: 

Whereas,  Alfred  Bernard  Nobel,  of  the  City  of  Stockholm,  in  the  kingdom  of  Sweden, 
having  by  his  last  will  and  testament  provided  that  the  residue  of  his  estate  shall  constitute 
a  fund,  the  income  from  which  shall  be  annually  awarded  in  prizes  to  those  persons  who 
have,  during  the  year,  contributed  most  materially  to  benefit  mankind,  and  having  further 
provided  that  one  share  of  said  income  shall  be  awarded  to  the  person  who  shall  have  most 
or  best  promoted  the  fraternity  of  nations  and  the  abolishment  or  diminution  of  standing 
armies  and  the  formation  and  increase  of  peace  congresses;  and 

Whereas  the  Norwegian  Parliament  having,  under  the  terms  of  said  foundation,  elected 
a  committee  lor  the  distribution  of  the  peace  prize,  and  this  committee  having  in  the  year 
1906  awarded  the  aforesaid  prize  to  Theodore  Roosevelt,  President  of  the  United  States,  for 
his  services  in  behalf  of  the  peace  of  the  world;  and 

Whereas  the  President  desiring  that  this  award  shall  form  the  nucleus  of  a  fund  the 
income  of  which  shall  be  expended  for  bringing  together  in  conference  at  the  City  of  Wash- 
ington, especially  during  the  sessions  of  Congress,  representatives  of  labor  and  capital  for 
the  purpose  of  discussing  industrial  problems,  with  the  view  of  arriving  at  a  belter  under- 
standing between  employers  and  employees,   and  thus  promoting  industrial  peace;   therefore 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  in  Congress  assembled.  That  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  the  Secretary 
of  Agriculture,  and  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  and  their  successors  in  office, 
together  with  a  representative  of  labor  and  a  representative  of  capital  and  two  persons  to 
represent  the  general  public,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  are 
hereby  created  trustees  of  an  establishment  by  the  name  of  the  Foundation  for  the  Promo- 
tion of  Industrial  Peace,  with  authority  to  receive  the  Nobel  Peace  Prize  awarded  to  the 
President  and  by  him  devoted  to  this  foundation,  and  to  administer  it  in  accordance  with 
the  purposes  herein  defined.  Any  vacancies  occurring  in  the  number  of  trustees  shall  be 
filled  in  like  manner  by  appointment  by  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

Section  2.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  trustees  herein  mentioned  to  invest  and  rein- 
vest the  principal  of  this  foundation,  to  receive  any  additions  which  may  come  to  it  by 
gift,  bequest,  or  devise,  and  to  invest  and  reinvest  the  same;  and  to  pay  over  the  income 
from  the  foundation  and  its  additions,  or  such  part  thereof  as  they  may  from  time  to  time 
apportion,  to  a  committee  of  nine  persons,  to  be  known  as  "The  Industrial  Peace  Com- 
mittee," to  be  selected  by  the  trustees,  three  members  of  which  committee  shall  serve  for 
the  period  of  one  year,  three  members  for  the  period  of  two  years,  and  three  members  for 
the  period  of  three  years;  three  members  of  this  committee  to  be  representatives  of  labor, 
three  to  be  representatives  of  capital,  each  chosen  for  distinguished  services  in  the  indus- 
trial world  in  promoting  righteous  industrial  peace,  and  three  members  to  represent  the 
general  public.  Any  vacancies  which  may  occur  in  this  committee  shall  be  filled  by  selec- 
tion and  appointment  in  the  manner  prescribed  for  the  original  appointment  of  the  com- 
mittee, and  when  the  committee  has  first  been  fully  selected  and  appointed  each  member 
thereafter  appointed  shall  serve  for  a  period  of  three  years  or  the  unexpired  portion  of 
such  term. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Industrial  Peace  Committee  herein  constituted  shall  arrange  for  an 
annual  conference  in  the  City  of  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  of  representatives  of 
labor  and  capital  for  the  purpose  of  discussing  industrial  problems,  with  the  view  of  arriv- 
ing at  a  better  understanding  between  employers  and  employees;  it  shall  call  special  con- 
ferences in  case  of  great  industrial  crises,  and  at  such  other  times  as  may  be  deemed 
advisable,  and  take  such  other  steps  as  in  its  discretion  will  promote  the  general  purposes 
of  the  foundation;  subject,  however,  to  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by 
the  trustees.  The  committee  shall  receive  suggestions  for  the  subjects  to  be  discussed  at 
the  annual  or  other  conferences  and  be  charged  with  the  conduct  of  the  proceedings  at  such 
conferences.  The  committee  shall  also  arrange  for  the  publication  of  the  results  of  the 
annual  and  special  conferences. 

Sec.  4.  That  all  expenditures  authorized  by  the  trustees  shall  be  paid  exclusively  from 
the  accrued  income  and   not  from   the  principal  of  the   foundation. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  trustees  herein  named  are  authorized  to  hold  real  and  personal  estate 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  three  million  dollars,  and  to  Use  and 
dispose  of  the  same  for  the  purposes  of  this  foundation. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  principal  office  of  the  foundation  shall  be  located  in  the  District  of 
Columbia,  but  offices  may  be  maintained  and  meetings  of  the  trustees  and  committees  may 
be  held  in  other  places,  to  be  provided  for  in  by-laws  to  be  adopted  from  time  to  time  by  the 
trustees,   for  the  proper  execution  of  the  purposes  of  the  foundation.  ■_. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  Foundation  for  the  Promotion  of  Industrial  Peace  is  hereby  authorized- 
and  empowered,  at  its  discretion,  to  co-operate  witli  any  institutions  or  societies  having 
similar  or  like  purposes. 

The  act  takes  effect  immediately  on  its  passage. 


smi)itr  arouse  iilulcs. 

The  Cabinet  will  meet  Tuesdays  and  Fridays  from  11  .\.m.  until  1  p.  >r. 

Senators  and  Representatives  will  be  receiveil  from  10  a.  m.  to  12  m.,  excepting  on  Cabinet  days. 

Visitors  having  business  with  the  President  will  be  admitted  from  12  to  1  o'clock  dailj',  e.xcepting 
Cabinet  days,  so  far  as  public  business  will  permit. 

The  East  Room  will  be  open  daily,  Sundays  excepted,  for  the  inspection  of  visitors,  between  the 
hours  of  10  A.  M.  and  3  p.  m.    By  direction  of  the  President,    William  Loeb,  .Tr.,  Secretary. 


^36 


Mayjioioer   Passengers. 


A    LIST    OF    PASSENGERS    WHO    EMBARKED    ON    T^IE    SHIP    MAYFLOWER   FROM! 

PLYMOUTH,     ENGLAND,     SEPTEMBER    C,     1620. 


(As  Written  in  the  Original  Record., 


John  Eillijiton. 

Mrs.  John  lEllen"*  Billinton, 

John  Billinton,   Jr. 

Francis  Billinton. 

Mr.    William   Brewster. 

Mrs.    William    (Mary>    Brews- 
ter. 

Love   Brewster. 

Wrasling     (VVrastled)     Brews- 
ter. 

Mr.    William   Bradford. 

Mrs.  William  (Dorothy)  Brad- 
ford. 

William   Button. 

John  Carver. 

Mrs.  John  (Catherine)  Carver. 

Mrs.   Carver's   maid. 

John    Crackston     (Crackstone, 
Craxton,    Croxtoni. 

John  Crackston,  Jr. 

Robert  Carter. 

Francis  Cooke. 

John    Cooke. 

Richard   Clark, 

Humility  Cooper. 

James   Chilton. 

Mrs.   James  Chilton. 

Mary   Chilton. 

Edward  Doty   (Doten,  Dovey) 

Francis  Eaton. 

Mrs.   Francis   (Sarah)   Eaton, 

Samuel  Eaton. 

Mr.    Isaac   Allerton. 

Mrs.   Isaac  (Maryi  Allerton. 

Remember   Allerton, 

Mary   Allerton. 

Bartholomew  Allerton. 

John   Allerton. 

John   Alden. 

Peter  Browne. 


Richai .:     Britteridge     (Bitter- 
idg-e;. 

Thomas  English   (Enlish), 

Ely. 

Mr,    Samuel   Fuller. 

Edward    Fuller. 

Mrs.   Edward   Fuller. 

Samuel    Fuller,    Jr. 

Moses   Fletcher, 

John    Goodman. 

Richard    Gardner    (Gardiner), 

John   Howland. 

John  Hooke. 

Mr.     Steven     (Stephen)     Hop- 
kins. 

Mrs,        Stephen        (Elizabeth) 
Hopkins. 

Constanta     (Constance)     Hop- 
kins, 

Damaris   Hopkins. 

Giles   Hopkins. 

Oceanus   Plopkins. 

Williani  Holbeck. 

William    Latham, 

John    Langemore. 

Edward       Litsler       (Leicester 

Lister). 
Jasper  More. 
Richard   More, 

More, 

Ellen   More, 

Desire    Minter, 

Mr,   Christopher  Mai'tin, 

Mrs.    Christopher   Martin, 

Mr.     William     Molines     (Mol- 

lines,    Mnllins). 
Mrs,   William   Molines. 
Priscilla  Molines. 
Joseph   Molines. 


Edmund     Margeson      (Miarge- 

ron). 
Solomon   Prower. 
Digerie   (Degory)   Priest. 
Thomas    Rogers, 
Joseph   Rogers, 
John        Rigdale        (Ridgedale, 

Ridgsdale). 
Mrs.    John   (Alice)   Rigdale. 
George     Sowle     (Soule,     Sole. 

Soul). 
Elias   Story. 
Capt,   Mi^s  Standish. 
Mrs.    (Rose)    Standish. 
Henry   Samson    (Sampson), 
William   Trevore    (Trevoui'l. 
Edward   Thomson   (Thompson, 

Tomson). 
Edward  Tillie  (Tilly.  Tilley). 
Mrs.   Edward   (Ann)   Tillie. 
Elizabeth   Tillie, 
John  Tillie.  '   ' 

Mrs.    John    (Bridget)    Tillie. 
Thomas  Tinker. 
Mrs.    Thomas  Tinker. 

Tinker.' ;,■'''■■■    '  * 

John  Turner.    ' 

Turner, 

Turner. 

Roger   Wilder, 

Mr.    Edward  Winslow, 

Mrs.       Edward       (Elizabeth) 

Winslow, 
Mr,   William  White. 
Mrs,         William         (Susanna) 

White. 
Resolved   White. 
Thomas    Williams. 
Gilbert  Winslow. 
Mr.  Richard  Wai'ren. 


The  Mayflower  arrived  in  Cape  Cod  Bay,  Massachusetts,  November  10,  1620. 


COMPACT    SIGNED    ON    BOARD    THE    MAYFLOWER. 

"In  ye  name  of  God,  Amen.  We  whose  names  are  underwritten,  the  loyall  subjects  of 
our  dread  soveraigne  Lord,  King  James,  by  ye  grace  of  God,  of  Great  Britaine,  Franc  & 
Ireland  King,  defender  of  ye  faith,  &c.,  haveing  undertaken,  for  ye  glorie  of  God,  and 
advancemente  of  ye  Christian  faith,  and  honour  of  our  king  and  countrie,  a  voyage  to 
plant  ye  first  colonie  in  ye  Northerne  part  of  Virginia,  doe  by  these  presents  solemnly  &r 
mutually  in  ye  presence  of  God,  and  one  of  another,  covenant  &  combine  our  selves 
togeather  into  a  civill  body  politick,  for  our  better  ordering  &  preservation  &  furtherance 
of  ye  ends  aforesaid;  and  by  vertue  hereof  to  enacte,  constitute,  and  frame  such  just  & 
equall  lawes,  ordinances,  acts,  constitutions  &  offices,  from  time  to  time,  as  shall  be 
thought  most  meete  &  convenient  for  ye  generall  good  of  ye  Colonie,  unto  which  v/e 
promise  all  due  submission  and  obedience.  In  witness  whereof  we  haA-e  hereunder  sub- 
scribed our  names  at  Cap-Codd  ye  II  of  November,  in  ye  year  of  ye  faigne  of  our 
sovereigne  lord.  King  James,  of  England,  France  &  Ireland  ye  eighteenth,  and  of  Scotland 
ye  fiftje  fourth  Ano;  Dom.  1620." 


John  Carver. 
William   Bradford. 
Edward  Winslow, 
William   Brewster. 
Isaac   Allerton. 
Myles   Standish. 
John   Alden. 
Samuel    Fuller, 
Christopher  Martin. 
William    Mullins, 
William    White. 
Richard    Warren, 
John   Rowland. 
Stephen  Hopkins^ 


Edward  Tilley. 
John   Tilley. 
Edward   Lister. 
Francis  Cook. 
Thomas   Rogers. 
Thomas   Tinker, 
Richard  Gardiner, 
John  A'lerton. 
Thomas  English. 
Edward    Doty. 
Edward   Fuller. 
John    Turner. 
Francis   Eaton, 
Junies  Chlltom 


Peter   Brown. 
Richard  Britteridge, 
(ieorge   Soule. 
Richard   Clarke. 
John   Crackston, 
John    pillington. 
Moses   Fletcher, 
John  Goodinan, 
Degory  Priest. 
Thomas    Williams. 
Gilbert  Winslow. 
]=]dward  Margeson. 
John  Ridyedale. 


The    Confederate  ,States  of  America.  337 


rijc  eourcticrate  cStatcsi  of  America, 

South  Carolina  began  the  movement  which  led  to  the  organization  of  the  Southern 
Confederacy  by  the  adoption  at  Charleston  on  December  /Id,  ISGO,  by  a  convention  of  the 
people  of  the  following  ordinance  of  secession: 

"We.  the  people  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  in  convention  assembled,  do  declare 
and  ordain,  and  it  is  hereby  declared  and  ordained,  that  the  ordinance  adopted  by  us  in 
convention  on  the  23d  day  of  May.  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  17S8,  whereby  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  was  ratified  and  also  all  acts  and  parts  of  acts  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  this  State  ratifying  amendments  of  the  said  Constitution  are  hereby  repealed; 
and  that  the  Union  now  subsisting  between  South  Carolina  and  other  States  under  the 
name  of  the  United   States   of  America,   is  hereby  dissolved: 

December  24  the  Convention  adopted  a  declaration  setting  forth  the  cause  nf  the 
secession  of  the  State,  and  the  Governor  issued  a  proclamation  announcing  the  action  of 
the    State. 

Acts  of  secession  were  adopted  by  the  Legislatures  of  the  other  seceding  States,  as 
follows: 

Feb.     1.  isr,l,  Texas,    by    a    vote    of    166  to    7 
April  17,     '•     Virginia  "        "       SS  to  55 

May      6,     "     Arkansas.  "       "       69  to    1 


Jan.  9.  1861,  Mississippi,  by  a  vote  of  84  to  15 

Jan.  10,     •'     Florida.                    "        •'       62  to    7 

Jan.  11,     "     Alabama,                "       "       61  to  89 

Jan,  19,     "     Georgia,                  "       "     208  to  S9 

Jan.  26,     "     Louisiana,              "       "     113  to  17 


Mav   21,     "     North  Carolina     "         unanimous 
June    8,     "     Tennessee, 


The  States  of  Delaware,  Marvland,  Kentucky  and  Missouri,  which  were  afterward 
represented  in  the  Confederate  Congress,  did  not  pass  ordinances  of  secession.  In  two 
States  a  oopular  vote  was  taken.  The  vote  of  Virginia  for  secession  was  128,884;  opposed, 
32,134.     Of  Tennessee,  for  secession,   104.019;   opposed,  47.238. 

The  congress  of  delegates  from  the  seceding  States  met  at  Montgomery.  Ala.,  February 
4.  18G1.  and  prepared  a  provisional  Constitution  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America. 
This  Constitution  was  discussed  in  detail  and  adopted  February  8.  On  the  next  day  an 
election  was  held  for  chief  executive  officers,  and  Jefferson  Davis,  of  Mississippi,  was 
elected  provisional  President  and  Alexander  H.  Stephens,  of  Georgia,  provisional  Vice- 
President. 

On  February'  19.  1861,  the  joint  convention  of  the  provisional  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives  counted  the  electoral  vote  for  President  and  Vice-President.  The  number 
of  States  voting  was  11;  total  electoral  votes,  109;  all  of  which  were  for  Jefferson  Davis 
and   Alexander  H.    Stephens. 

President  Davis  was  inaugurated  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  February  IS,  1861,  and  again 
at  Richmond,  Va.,   February  22,    1862. 

CONFEDERATE   CABINET   OFFICERS. 

Secretaries  of  State — isoi,  Robert  Toombs,  Georgia;  1861,  .Robert  M.  T.  Hunter,- 
Virginia;   1862,  Judah  P.  Benjamin,  Louisiana. 

Secretnrie.s  of  tiie  Trea.snry— 1861,  C.  G.  Memminger,  South  Carolina;  1864, 
George   A.    Trenholm,    South    Carolina;    1865,    John   H.    Reagan,    Texas. 

Secretaries  of  AVar — 1861.  Leroy  P.  Walker.  Alabama;  1862.  Judah  P,  Benjamin 
Louisiana;  1862.  Geoi'ge  W.  Randolph,  Virginia;  1862,  Gustavus  W.  Smith,  Kentucky, 
1862,  James  A.   Seddon,   Virginia;   18G5,   John   C.   Breckinridge,   Kentucky. 

Secretary   of  tlie   Xavy— 1861,   Stephen  R.   Mallory.    Florida. 

Postiua.sters-General — 1861,  Henry  T,  Ellet,  Mississippi;  1861,  John  H.  Reagan, 
Texas. 

Attorneys-General — 1801,  Judah  P.  Benjamin,  Louisiana;  1861.  Thomas  Bragg, 
North  Carolina;  1862,   Thomas  H.  Watts,   Alabama;   1864,  George  Davis,  North  Carolina. 

THE    BEGINNING    AND    END. 

April  12.  1861,  fire  was  opened  by  the  South  Carolina  troops  on  Fort  Sumter, 
Charleston  Harbor.  The  following  was  the  notification  served  on  Major  Robert  Anderson, 
U.   S.  A.,  in  command  of  the  fort,   by  order  of  Brig.-Gen.   Beauregard,   C.   S.   A.: 

"Sir — By  authority  of  Brig.-Gen.  Beauregard,  commanding  the  provisional  forces  of 
the  Confederate  States,  we  have  the  honor  to  not|fy  you  that  he  will  open  the  fire  of  his 
batteries  on  Fort  Sumter  in  one  hour  from  this  time.  We  have  the  honor  to  be.  very 
respectfully,  your  obedient  servants,  "JAMES  CHESTNUT,   JR.,   Aide-de-camp. 

"STEPHEN   D.    LEE.    Aide-de-camp.'* 

The  refusal  of  Major  Anderson  to  surrender  prior  to  the  receipt  of  the  above  note  was 
as  follows: 

.  "Fort    Sumter,    April    11.    1861. 

^^Pfsral— I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  vour  communication  demand - 
mg  the  evacuation  of  this  fort,  and  to  say  in  reply  thereto  that  it  is  a  demand  which  I 
regret  my  sense  of  honor  and  my  obligation  to  my  government  prevents  my  compliance. 
J-  iianKmg  j-ou  for  the  fair  and  manlv  terms  proposed  and  for  the  high  compliment  paid 
me,  i  am,   General,   very  respectfully  vour  obedient  servant. 

"ROBERT  ANDERSON,   Major  First   Artillery.    Commanding." 

"Brig.-Gen.    Bc^auregard,    Commanding   Provisional    Army." 

The  last  fig'ht  in  the  Civil  War  was  at  Palmetto  Ranche,  Texas,  May  11,  1865.  Gen. 
Lee  surrendered   at   Appomattox  Court   House,    Va,,   April   9^   1865. 

g3,  iIi'l'^  ^^^^^l  were  repressnte(J  in  feoth  Houses  qC  Congress  gf  the  United  States  May 


338 


Prices   Paid  for  Pare  American   Coins. 


J^ricts  J3aitr  for  l^art  American  (tniwn 

BY    DEALERS    IN    NEW    YORK. 

"Value  of  Rare  Coins  varies  according-  to  their  condition.  A  worn  coin  is  not  worth  as 
much  as  one  showing  features  sharply  and  distinctly.  The  date  of  a  coin  may  not  give  it  as 
much  value  as  variation  from  the  ordinary  type  of  that  year.  Owners  of  rare  coins  living 
at  a  distance  from  New  York  can  take  impressions  of  the;u  with  lead  pencil  rubbings  on 
white  paper,  which  can  be  sent  by  mail  to  dealers  with  minute  and  careful  descriptions. 


Gold  Double  Eaj^les. 

1849   $125  00 

Gold  Eagrles. 

1795  Small    Eagie $11  00  to  $13  00 

1796     13  00  to     15  00 

1797    20  00  to 

1797  Large    Eagle 11  00  to 

1798  Four  stars  on  right 15  00  to 

1798  Six       "       16  00  to 

1799,1600,  1801,  1803 11  00  to 

1804    13  00  to 

1838,  1839     10  50  to 

1840,  1841,   1S42 

Gold  Half  "Et&sles, 
1795  Small    Eagle $7  00  to 

1795  Large    Eagle 15  00  to 

1796    8  00  to 

1797  Small    Eagle 15  00  to 

1797  Larg%    Eagle 20  00  to 

1798  Small    Eagle 25  00  to 

1798.  1799  Large   Eagle 6  00  to 

1800,  1S02,  1803,   1810,  1811 5  50  to 

1804,  1805,   1806,   1809,   1814 6  00  to 

1807,  1SC8.  1812,  1813,  1818 5  50  to 

1815,  1824    75  00  to  150  00 

1819,1824    15  00  to    25  00 

1820,1823,    1825 8  00  to    10  00 

1821,1826,    1827 10  00  to    15  00 

1822    100  00  to  200  00 

1828,  1829    15  00  to    25  00 

1830,  1831.    1832,   1833 10  00  to    12  00 

1834  E   Pluribus    Unum 6  00  to      8  00 

Gold  Three  Dollar  Pieces. 

1854,  1855,  1856,  18.57,  1858 $3  15  to  $.5  50 

1859,1860,  1861,  1S62 3  25  to 

1863,  1864.  1865,  1866,  1867 3  50  to 

1868,  1869,  1872,  1879,  1881 3  25  to 

1870,1871,  1874,  1878 3  15  to 

187.3,  1877,  1880,  1885 4  00  to 

1875  20  00  to 

1876  15  00  to 

1882,  1883,  1884,  1886.  1877, 

1S88,    1SS9 3  25  to 

Gold  Quarter  E^agrles  (3  1-3  Dollars) 
1796  No  stars  on  obverse $8  00  to  $12  00 


25 

00 

13 

00 

20 

00 

25 

00 

13 

00 

15 

00 

12 

00 

10 

25 

$8  00 

20 

00 

10 

00 

20 

00 

25 

00 

40 

00 

7 

00 

6 

00 

7 

00 

6 

00 

;.0 
00 
00 
50 
00 
30  00 
25  00 

3  50 


1796  With  stars 15  00  to 

1797 12  00  to 

1798  6  00  to 

1802,  1804,  1805,  1808 3  50  to 

1806  8  00  to 

1807  3  00  to 

1821,1824  7  00  to 

1825,  1S27,  1829,  1833 4  00  to 

1826  15  00  to 


20  00 

20  00 

8  00 

5  00 
12  00 

4  00 
10  00 

6  00 
20  00 

3  00  to   4  00 


re- 


4  00  to   6  00 


18:^0.  1831.  18.32 
1834  E  Pluribus  Unum  on 
vers© 

Gold  Doiiars, 

1849  to  18.54  inclus.,  small  size 
IS.")  to  1SS9  inclus.,  larger  size 

1863,  1864,    1865 $2 

1866,  1867     2 

1875    10  no  to 

California   Gold  Coins. 

1851  &  ls.-,2  Octagonal  dollars. $60  00  to  $75 

1852  &   1855  Round   dollars....   75  00  to  100 

Silver    Dollars. 
1794  Head,    flowing   hair $20  00  to  $50 


$1  40 

1  50 

,50  to 

5  00 

00  to 

2  50 

1795     1  50  to 

17:15  Bust,   hair   tied 1  50  to 

1796     1  75  to 

1797     1  .50  to 

1798  Rev.  Small  Eagle    13  stars  2  00  to 

1798  "                    1,5  stars  3  00  to 
179.S  Rev.   Eagle  with  shield...  1  25  to 

1799  Five  stars  facing  Ijust 2  00  to 


12  00 


00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
50 
50 
00 
00 
,50 
50 


1799  Six  stars  facing  bust $1  25  to    $1  ,50 

1800,  lb02    1  25  to      1  50 

1801,  1803     1  50  to      2  50 

1804  Restrike,    none    known    to 

have   been  struck  this   year.  100  00 

1836    Flying    Eagle,     Gobrecht 

on   base 

1836     Gobrecht     between     date 

and    base 10  00  to 

1838,  1839  Flying  eagle 20  00  to 

1840,  1841,  1842,  1843,  1844, 

1848,  1849 

1851,  1852  20  00  to 

1850,  1853,  1856,  1857 

1854  2  00  to 

1855  1  50  to 

1858  15  00  to 

1861,  1862,  1863,  1864,  1865, 

1866,  1867,  1868,  1869 

Trade  dollars  1879,  1880,  1881, 

1882,      1883 1  05  to 

1900   La   Favette   dollar 

Silver  Half   Dollars. 

1794  Flowing    hair $2  00  to 

17!»5  : 60  to 

1796.  1797  Fillet  head 20  00  to  40  00 


4  00  to   8  00 


20  00 
40  00 

1  05 
30  00 

1  25 
4  00 

2  50 
20  00 

1  05 


1 
1 

$4 
1 


15 
50 

00 

00 


2  00  to   3 


1809, 
1814. 


1810, 


1820,  1821, 


1  50  to   2 


1  Goto   2 


1801,  1802 

1803,  1805  , 

1806,  1807,  1808, 
1811,  1812,  1813, 
1815  

1817,  1818,  1819, 
1822,  1823,  1824 

1825,  1826,  1827,  1828,  1829, 1830 
1836  milled  edge  (not  lettered). 
1838,  with  o  between  bust  and 

date 15  00  to 

1840,  1841,  1842,  1843,  1844, 

1848,  1850,  1851 

1852    1  00  to 

1853  no  arrows  at  date  or  rays 

on  eagle 20  00  to 

1879,  1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 
1885, 1886, 1887. 1888, 1889, 1890 

1892  Columbian  

Silver  Quarter  Dollars. 

1796.  1804,  Fillet  head $1  00  to 

1815,  Bust    of    Liberty 50  to 

1818.  1819,  1820,  1821,  1822, 

1824,  1825,  1828,  1832 30  to 

1823  20  00  to 


00 
55 

52 
50 

51 
51 
00 


25  00 

51 
1  50 

30  00 

52 
51 

$3  00 
1  00 

50 
40  00 
50  00 

26 

20 
3  50 


1827  35  00  to 

1831,  1833,  1835,  1836,  1837, 

1838  1839     

1840.  "'l841,  "  1842,' '  'l843.* '  1844, 

1848,  1850,  1851.  18.52 

18.53  without  arrows  or  rays..  1  50  to 
1880.  1881.  1882. 18.S3,  1884, 1885, 

1886.  1887,  1888,  1889,  1890..  -7 

1893.  Isabella  Quarter 50 

Silver    Twenty    Cent    Pieces. 

1876    22 

1877,  1878    1  ^0 

Silver  Dimes. 

1700  Fillet   head 75  to    $2  00 

1797,  1798v    1800,    1802 $2  00  to      4  00 

1801,1803    100  to      2,^.0 

1S04  4  00  to   6  00 

1805,1807,  1809,  1811,  1846....    30  to   100 

1S22 1  00  to   2  00 

1814,  1824  15  to    30 

Silver    Half    Dimes. 

1794  Flowing    hair $1  50  to    $2  ,50 

1795,1800    50  to      100 

1796,  1797   Fillet   head 1  50  to      2  50 

1801,1803,1846 1  00  to      2  00 


Prices   Paid  for  Pare  Aonerican   Coins. 


1802 
1805 


.$25  00  to  $50  00 


2  00  to 

pieces. 


>5  to 


Silver    Tliree    Cent 

1S51.  1852.  18.53.  1S58,  185!), 

1860.  1861.  1862 ! 

18.54,18,55,  1856,  1857 

1863,1804,  1865,  1868 

1866,  1867,  18C9,  1870,  1871, 1872    20  to 
1^<3  .   r,(^  to 

Nickel  Five   Cent  Pieces. 

1860,  1871.  1872,  1874, 1875, 187G 

1877   

1878.1870,    1880,    1881 ' ,' 

1883  with   shield,    1885 

Xickel    Three   Cent    Pieces 
1876,  1878,  1880.  1882,  1889.... 

1877 

1884,  1SS5.  1886,  ]  887 '.'.'.* 

Bronze   Two  Cent  Pieces. 

1873    

Niclvel  and  Bronze    Cents. 

18.56  Flying-  eagle $2  00  to 

18.57,  1858.  1859,  I860,  1861.  1862, 
1863,  20  per  cent,  premium. 

1877    

Copper  Cents. 

1703  Clover  leaf $20 

1793  Chain,  on  Rev.  Ameri 4 

1793  Chain,   on  Rev.  America..     3 

Rev.  a  wreath 1 

1793  Liberty   Cap 4 

1794.  1795,    1796 

1797     

1798    

1799 ::::  5 

1800.  1801.  1808 

1802.  18:03.  1807, 

1814,  1821 

1804  


$1 


$1 


00 


05 

06 
60 
40 
60 

06 
25 
10 
06 

04 
10 
10 

75 


$3  00 


05 


00  to  $50  00 
00  to  20  00 


1810,  1812, 


00  to 
50  to 
00  to 
20  to 
15  to 
05  to 
00  to 
05  to 


10  00 

5  00 

10  00 

1  00 

50 

25 

00 

50 


25 


1805,  1806,  1813,  1823,  1857 
1809  '  . 


1811 


03  to 
...  4  00  to 
10  to 

50  to 

30  to 
Cents. 

00  to 


20 

.  2 
1 


25 
00 
50 
00 
50 


25  to 
00  to 

10  to 
75  to 
05  to 
00  to 
05  to 


$2 
1 


1 

10 


50 
00 
00 

25 
50 
10 
00 
10 


10  00 

8  00 

25 

10 


Copper  Half 

1793  Liberty  Cap $1 

1794.1795,  1797 

1796  10 

1800.  1803.  1805,  1806,  1807, 
1808,  1810 

1802  

1804,  1809,  1S25,  1826,  1828, 1829 

18.31.  1836 5 

l.'!32,  183.3,  18.34.  18.35.  1837.... 

1840.  1841.  1842.  1843,  1844, 

1845.  1846.  1847,  1848 5  00  to 

1849  small  date,  1852 4  00  to 

18.50.1854.  1857 10  to 

1851,  1853,  18.5.5.  18.56 05  to 

Ne^v  Gn^land    Colonial    Coins. 

in.  Three   pence   N.    E.    (1652) 

,  silver   $100  00 

VI.   Six  pence $15  00  to    25  00 

XII.    Shilling 10  00  to    25  00 

1694  Half  penny  elephant,  cop- 
per     20  00  to    40  00 

Massaclinsetts    Colonial    and    State 
Coins. 

16.50    XTT.    Pine    tree    shilling'. 

.   silver    $10  00  to  $25  00 

1652  XII.   Shilling 3  ^^  -       " 

1652  III.    Three   pence 1 

1662  II.  Two  pence 2 

1752  VI.  Six  pence 2 

1787.  1788,  Half  cent  Indian, 
copper    

1787,  1788,   Cent '.'.'.'. 

Maryland  Coloi»*al  Coins. 

Penny  (1769)  Lord  Baltimore, 
copper    $25 

IV.  Pour   pence,  VI.  Six  pence, 

,  silver    5  00  to 

XII.    Shilling SOOto 

III.  Three  pence,  1783  Annap- 
olis,   silver 3  .50  to      5  00 

VI.  Six  pence,  XII.  Shilling...     2  00  to      3  00 


00  to 
.50  to 
00  to 
00  to 

5  00 
3  00 
3  00 
3  00 

50  to 
?0  to 

1  00 
50 

00  to  $50  00 


10  00 
15  00 


Shilling.     Links,     equal     to     1 

shilling    $6  00  to  $10  00 

III.  Throe    pence,    1790,    Balti- 
more town 3  00  to  '*'  5  00 

Virginia    Colonial   Coins.' 
Half  penny,   1773,   George  HI., 

topper    10  to  20 

Shilling,  Same  in  silver $15  00  to  $25  00 

Conneeticnt      Colonial      and       State 

Coins. 
1737  Three   pence,    A   deer-axe, 

copper    $20  00  to  $50  00 

1737     Three     pence,     A     Three 

Hammers,    copper 20  00  to    50  00 

1785,     1786,     1787,     1788    Autori 

Connec    05  to "        25 

New  York  Colonial  and  State  Coins. 
Tree,   New  Yorke'  in   America, 

brass   .$2  00  to    $3  00 

1786  Bust,  Non  VI.,  copper 10  00  to    15  00 

1787  George  Clinton,   copper...  20  00  to    50  00 
1787  Libernatus,  Indian,  copper    10  00  to    20  00 

1787,  Excelsior,    copper 

1787  Nova  Eborac,    copper 

1787  Brasher  Doubloon,   gold..  . 

New^    Jersey    State 


10 
1 


00 
00 
00 


4  00  to 
25  to 
60  00  to  150 
Coins. 

1787  Date  under  plow  beam. .  .$15  00  to  $25  00 
1786,  1787,  1788  Nova  Caesarea         05  to  25 

1788  Horse  head'  to  left 50  to      1  00 

Bust  of  Wash'n  Rev.   shield..   15  00  to    25  00 
Non  vi.  Rev.   shield 15  00  to    25  00 

Vermont    State    Coins. 


S.  2.50,   silver, 
silver 


^op- 
Ver- 


$60  00 

60  00 

125  00 


10  to 
00  to 
50  to 


25 
00 
00 
50 


1783  Shilling  U 
1-4  Dollar  500, 

1-2  "     1000       "       

1783,    1785    Nova    Constellatio, 

copper    

1785    Immune    Columbia, 

per   

1785.    1786  .  Vermontis    & 

montensiuni    

1785.    1786,    1787,    1788   Vermon 

Auctori 10  to 

Kentucky  State   Coins. 
1796,    Half    penny,    Myddleton, 

copper    $5  00  to  $10  00 

1796  Same  in  silver SOOto    15  00 

Our  cause  is  just,  triangle....         50  to      1  00 

■Rosa  Americana  Copper  Pieces. 
1722,  1723,   Rose,  penny  size...         50  to    $2  00 
1722,1723,   1724  halfpenny....         50  to  "' 

1722,  1723  farthing ,50  to 

Continental  Pieces. 

1776  Dollar  in  pewter $2  00  to 

1776  Same  in   silver 20  00  to 

1785  Confederatio    copper 5  00  to 

1786  Immunis  Columbia  copper     8  00  to 

1787  Same,    Rev.   Eagle 1  00  to 

1787    Fugio    cent.     Mind    your 

business    

1787  Names  of  States  on  links.     5 

No  date,   Fugio  omitted 5 

1792  Half  Disme,   silver 2 

]792Disme,    silver 15  00  to 

1792  Cent,    Liberty    Parent    of 

Science 15  00  to 

1792  Cfent,    smaller   with   silver 

plug    15  00  to 

U.  S.   A.,   Bar  cent 1  00  to 

Wasliingrton  Pieces. 

1783  and  no  date,  copper $10  00  to 

1791  Rev.   large  eagle,   copper 


10  to 
00  to 
00  to 
00  to 


00 
50 

$3  00 
30  00 
10  00 
12  00 
2  00 

25 

10  00 

10  00 

5  00 

25  00 

25  00 

25  00 
2  00 


00  to 
small  eagle 1  50  to 

50  to 
3  00  to 
5  00  to 
2  00  to 


1791  Rev 
1791  Ship 
1791  Ship,  Liverpool  half  penny 

1791  Rev.   Eagle,   12  stars 

1792  Rev.    Gen.    of  Am.    Army. 


1792  Naked  bust  to  right '. .   10  00  to 

1795  Liberty  and  security,  half 

penny    25  to 

1795  Same,  penny  size 5  00  to 

1792.  Half    dol.     spread    eagle, 

silver  20  00  to 

1702,  Same  in  copper 3  00  to 


20  00 
2  00 
2  .50 
1  00 
5  00 

10  00 

4  00 
20  00, 

50 
10  00 

50  00 

5  00 


340 


Nutritiveness  of  JP^oods. 


<^omparatitJ0  (Ko.ot  of  Hibiufi  in  i\)t  SinitctJ  .States* 

DUX'S  INDEX  XUMBEll  OF  COMxMOUITV  PRICES  PROPOKl'tOXED  TO  C0XSU:M  PTION. 
Ix  the  following  table  UuQ'sIude.x  Xumber  is  given  for  July  1  each  year,  begiuniug  with  1861. 
Figures  are  separated  into  the  seven  principal  classes  for  convenience  ol  comparison.  Many  hundred 
coiuniodities  are  embraced  in  the  table,  which  covers  practically  ail  the  necessaries  of  life.  In  ex- 
planation of  the  Index  Number  it  should  be  stated  that  quaniiiies  of  each  commodity  are  taken  iu 
accordance  with  the  annual  per  capita  cou.sumption,  so  that  no  article  receives  more  or  less  than  its 
relative  position  of  importance.  As  tlie  same  quantities  are  taken  of  the  same  articles  at  eacli  date, 
the  record  ijives  a  faithful  representation  of  the  course  of  prices.  Owing  to  the  impossibility  ol  ob- 
tainingaccurate  retail  prices,  wholesale  quotations  are  taken.  Consequently,  to  obtain  the  actual  cost 
of  living  per  capita,  it  is  necessary  to  add  a  certain  percentage  of  pi'otit  to  ttie  retailer.  Otherwise  the 
Inde.x  Xumber  shows  the  actual  wholesale  cost  of  a  year's  supplies  of  all  the  neces.saries  of  lile  for  a 
single  individual  at  each  date.  There  is  no  question  of  percentage.s,  tlie  exact  tigures  being  given. 
Thus,  products  costing  $101. 92  on  July  1,  1861,  rose  to  $278.98  in  1864.  declined  to  $72.45  in  1897, 
and  were  $108. 95>^  at  the  latest  date.  •  '  t 


•     JULYI. 

BreaUdilTs. 
$15.  749 

'    '   Jleats. 

!    Dairy  and 

(i.vr.ien. 

Other  Foo.l. 

Clolhiiig. 

Metals. 

Miscelhi- 
$16. 573 

T.nal. 

1S61 

$7,485 

$1U.813 

$7.  653 

$21,147 

$22.  500 

$  1 01.  920 

1862 

18.057 

7.150 

13.  406 

10.987 

28.  413 

23.  207 

17. 290 

118.510 

1863 

26. 154 

10.115 

13.  530 

16.359 

45. 679 

37. 079 

24. 264 

173. 180 

1864 

45.616 

15.  685 

26.  053 

27.  303 

73.  485 

59. 192 

31.653 

278. 987 

1865 

25. 404 

16. 112 

18.049 

21.  0.57 

49. 307 

38. 956 

25.  551 

194.436 

1866 

31.  471 

17. 153 

23.  472 

20.821 

4.-).  377 

41.762 

27.922 

207. 978 

1867 

36. 537 

14.  278 

18.418 

20.1(17 

38. 169 

35.  426 

25.  529 

188.524 

1868 

38. 416 

13.  210 

23.  614 

19.  720 

35.  694 

27.  385 

24.  78() 

182.  825 

1869 

29.  1 16 

13. 181 

18. 121 

l(i.  347 

35.309 

28. 355 

24.  201 

164  630 

1870 

2.5. 322 

14.161 

16.112 

13.  308 

31.  480 

26. 612 

21.  786 

148.  781 

187r 

24.  809 

12. 177 

20.  799 

13.  .^23 

30. 624 

27.371 

21. 907 

151.510 

1872 

22. 171 

11. 055 

16.019 

14.  845 

32.  427 

32  643 

21.  319 

150. 479 

1873 

20.  460 

10.114 

15.  629 

13. 625 

29.411 

32. 298 

21. 552 

143.  089 

1874 

25. 657 

11.560 

19. 142 

13.  678 

27.  260 

25.  254 

19.  58  J 

143. 133 

1875 

24.848 

13.287 

14.  918 

14.418 

25.  318 

23.  515 

18.  398 

134. 702 

1876 

18  777 

10.  726 

15.  912 

12.  914 

21.747 

20.  452 

15. 951 

116.479 

1877 

21  812 

10.U36 

11.  790 

13.321 

21.  850 

15  578 

15.160 

109.547 

1878 

15.  672 

8.181 

10.  608 

11.346 

19.836 

15.  789 

14.836 

96.  268 

1879 

17.054 

8. 239 

10.  2.-)3 

9.  884 

20.420 

15.149 

16.  286 

97. 286 

1880 

17.  461 

9.  230 

12.  594 

11.  539 

21.  984 

18.  708 

17.139 

108. 655 

1881 

20. 369 

11.381 

11.311 

11.  663 

20. 982 

19.295 

16. 900 

111.  901 

1882 

25.  494 
19.  018 

13.  740 
11. 210 

14.  685 
12.  250 

11. 627 
10.  726 

21.  202 
20.  209 

19.  832 
18.  071 

16. 650 
15.  764 

123.  230 

188:3 

107.248 

1884 

17.  871 

11. 172 

11.369 

9. 323 

19. 014 

16.  272 

14. 1 85 

99.706 

18S5 

16.  370 

9. 205 

10. 872 

8.  712 

17.  740 

14. 132 

13  666 

90. 697 

1886  

15.311 

8.906 

10.  241 

8.570 

IS.  063 

14.  466 

13. 6<)9 

89.  226 

1887 

15. 156 

8.667 

11.188 

9.252 

18.174 

16.  035 

15. 153 

93.624 

1888 

16.984 

9.416 

11.  849 

9.917 

17.447 

15. 366 

14. 155 

95. 134 

1889 

14.:J51 

8.  244 

9.  695 

10.  912 

17.107 

14.  782 

14. 600 

89. 691 

1890 

14.867 

8.036 

10.  711 

9.749 

17.264 

15.506 

15.  416 

91.  r-49 

1891 

19.  782 

9.217 

12.455 

9.339 

16.  501 

15.107 

13.  691 

96.  092 

1892 

1 7. 426 

8.700 

lO  403 

8.  733 

15.  648 

14.  8-7 

14.  252 

90. 105 

1893 

14.963 

10. 135 

11.710 

9.188 

15.  871 

14.  030 

14.  716 

90  613 

1894 

15.115 

9.389 

10. 394 

8.478 

13.  860 

12.  015 

14.041 

83.292 

1895 

14.765 

8.  622 

9.874 

8.  689 

15. 315 

11.  021 

13. 233 

81.519 

1896 

10. 504 

7.058 

7.872 

8.529 

13.602 

13.  232 

13. 520 

74.317 

1897 

10. 587 

7.529 

8.714 

7.88- 

13. 808 

11.  642 

12. 288 

72.  455 

1898 

12.783 

7.694 

9.437 

8. 826 

14. 663 

11.843 

12.522 

77.  768 

1899 

13.  483 

7  988 

10.  974 

9.157 

15. 021 

15.  635 

12.  969 

85.227 

1900 

14. 898 

8.906 

10.901 

9.  482 

16.  324 

14.834 

16. 070 

91.415 

1901 

14.  904 

9.430 

11.  030 

9.  086 

15.  098 

15. 344 

16. 617 

91.. "--OO 

1902 

20.  534 

11.  628 

12.  557 

8.748 

15.533 

16.084 

16. 826 

101.910 

1903 

17.  473 

9.2(59 

13.083 

9.186 

17.136 

16.544 

16.765 

99.456 

1904 

18.244 

9.033 

10.  648 

10.  406 

16.  514 

15.  428 

16. 919 

97. 192 

1905 

I8.8;l 

8.614 

9.  982 

9.  922 

17. 986 

15.  916 

17.061 

98. 312 

1906 

17.923 

9.677 

12.  590 

9.645 

19  177 

16.  649 

19.555 

105.  216 

1907 

18. 165 

9.  641 

14.  461 

9.824 

20. 098 

17.524 

19. 242 

108.955 

Note.— BreadstulTs  include  many  quotations  of  wheat,  corn,  oats,  rye.  and  barley,  besides  beans, 
and  peas;  meat.s  include  live  hogs,  beef,  sheep,  and  many  provisions,  lard,  tallow,  etc. ;  dairy  and  gar- 
den products  include  eggs,  vegetables, and  fruits;  other  foods  include  fish,  liquors,  condiments, sugar  . 
rice,  tobacco,  etc. ;  clothing  includes  the  raw  material  of  each  industry,  an<i  many  quotations  of 
woollen,  cotton,  and  other  textile  goods,  a.s  well  as  hides,  leather,  boots,  and  shoes;  metals  include 
varii)us  quotations  of  pig  iron,  and  partially  mainifactured  and  finished  products,  as  well  as  minor 
metals,  coal,  and  petroleum.  The  miscellaneous  class  embraces  many  grades  of  hard  and  softlumber, 
lath,  brick,  lime,  glass,  turpentine,  hemp,  linseed  oil,  paints,  fertilizers,  and  drugs. 


Nutritibcncss  of  jFoot^s. 

Average  quantit.vof  nutritive  matter  in  1,000  parts  of  varieties  of  animal  and  vegetable  food. 


Oicumber 

^felons 

2.T 

so 

42 
72 
7.^ 
98 
14U 

B"et-root 

Pears 

.A  pples 

148 

l(iO 
170 

;S()|e 

Pork 

Cherries 

210 

240 
2."i0 
2.M1 
2(i0 

.Apricots 

Grapes 

( 'hicken 

Phmis  

260 
27(1 
270 
290 
290 
S40 
1 

Almonds 

Oats 

Rve 

650 

742 

Turnips 

Milk 

792 

Haddock  ..  .. 
(Gooseberries  . 

Peaches 

,Codfi.-.h 

180 
190 
200 

Veal 

nice 

880 

Cab bane  

Beef 

Mutton 

Tamarinds 

Harlev 

920 

Carrots 

Pr>t!ifrir>« 

Wheat 

950 

White  of  egg. . 

210ji 

Value  of  Jbhreigii  Coins  in    United  States  Money. 


341 


Ualuc  of  iForci'iin  <Koius  in  fflnftctr  .States  JHonra). 

(Proclaimed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Trea-sury  October  1,  1907.*) 


COL'NTHY. 

.'^tanl^ard. 

Monetary  Unit. 

Value  in 
U.  S.  Gold 
'      Doll.ir. 

Coins. 

A»-gent.  R. 
Austria-H. 
Beleriuni.. 

Gold_... 

(Jold 

(Jold 

•Silver... 
('Old 

(;old 

silver... 
(;o!d 

Silver... 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold>... 
tjold 

Gold 

(iold 

(iold 

("old 

(iold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

(iold 

(Jold 

Gold 

(iold 

Gold 

Gold  ... 

(iold 

(iold 

Gold 

(iold 

(iold  ..... 

(iold 

(iold 

(iold  

Gold 

Peso ^ 

Crown _ 

Franc 

$0.96,5 

.20,3 

.19,3 
.49,9 
.54,6 

1.00 
.49.9 
,36,5 

.74.7 
.  83, 2 
.81,5 
1.00 

.46,5 

.26,8 
.48,7 

4.94,3 

.19.3 

.2:^,8 

4.S6,6J^ 

.19,3 

.96,5 

4.86,6^ 
.19,3 
.49,8 

49.8 

.40.2 
1.01,4 

.26.8 
1.00,0 

4.86.6J^ 
l.wH 
.51,5 

.19.3 
.26.8 
.19,3 
.04.4 
1.03.4 
.19,3 

Gold:    argentine    (*4. 82,4)  and   \i  argentine. 

Silver:  peso  and  divisions, 
(iold:    10  and  20  ciowiLs.      Silver:    1    and  5 

crowns, 
(iold:  10  and  20  francs     Silver:  5  francs 

l>()livhi 

Holiviano 

silver:  boliviano  and  divisions 

JBiazil 

Milreis 

Gold:  5.   10,  and  20  niilrei.s.     Silver:  He,  1, and 
2  milreis. 

Canada... . 

Dollar 

Cent     .Am 

Pesoi"     

Silver:  peso  and  divisions. 

Gold:  escudo  (SI. 82.5),  doubloon  (S3. 65),  and 

Chile 

Pe.so 

China...,. ... 
Colombia... 
Co.sta  Rica.. 

i  Shanghai 
Tael._ <  Haikwan 

{  Canton.... 
Dollar 

Colon 

condor  ($7. 30).    Silver-  peso  and  divi.sious. 

Gold:    condor  (S9.64,7)    and    double-condor. 

Silver:  peso. 
Gold:  2, 5, 10, and  20  colons  (i?9.30,7).     Silver: 

5,  10.  25,  and  50c('niimo.s. 
Gold:  10  and  2()  crowns. 

Denmark  . 

Crown 

Kciiiuk)r 

Egypt 

France 

Sucre 

Pound  (100 piasters)... 
Franc 

Gold:  10 sucres  ($4.86,65).    Silver:  sucre   and 

division.s. 
Gold:   pound  (100  piasters).  5,  10,  20,  and  50 

piastei-s.     Silver:  1.  2,  5.  10,  and  20  piasters. 
Gold:  .'),  10,  20.  50,  and  100  frs     Silver:  5  f rs 

Ciernianv 

]\larl< 

Gold:  5,  10,  and  20  marks 

Gt.    Hritiiin 
Greece  .  . 

Pound  sterling 

Di'achnia 

(iold:  sovereign  (pound  sterling)  and  i,^  sov'gn. 
(iold:  "),  10,  20,  oO, and  liX)  drachmas     Silver: 

Hayti 

fndia 

Gourde 

5  drachma.s. 
Gold:  1,  2,  5,  and  10  gourdes.      Silver:  gourde 

and  divisions, 
(iold:  sov.  ($4.86.65).     Sil.:  runee  and  div'ns. 
(iold:  5.  10,  20.  50,and  1(10  lire,    silver:  .'>  lire. 
Gold:  1.  2.  5,  10,  and  20  yen.     Silver:  10,  20, 

and  50  sen. 
Gold:  5  and  10  pesos.   Silver:  dollar  (or  peso)** 

and  division.s. 
(iold:  10  florins.     Silver:  ^,  1,  and  2^^  fiorins. 
Gold:  2  dollars  ($2.02.7). 
(iold:  10  and  20  crowns 

Pound  sterlinerS 

Italy 

Japan 

Mexico  ..  . 

Lira 

Veu 

Peso  ir  

Neth'  land.s 

Florin 

r\ '  ioundl'd 

Doilai' 

.Norwav  . 

Ci'own 

Pauaiua . 

lialboa 

Gold:  1.    21^.    5,  10.  and  20  balboas.     Silver: 

peso  and  divisi.ous. 
'iold:  3^  and  1  libra.     Sil.  :  sol  and  divisions. 
(iold:   1.  2.  T),  and  10  milreis. 
Gold-  5   7i^«^    10  and  15  rubles      Silver- 5   10 

Pern  .  ... 

Libra 

Portntral 

Russia 

•Milreis 

Ruble           

Spain 

.Sweden 

Peseta ' 

15.  'id.  25.  50,  and  lOOcopeks.  ■ 
(iold:  25  pesetas.     Silver:  5  peseta.s. 
(iold-  10  and  20  crowns 

Crown 

switz'  lon.d 

Franc 

Gold:  5.  10.  20.  50, &  100  francs.  Silver:  Sfr's. 
Gold:  25.  50,  100,  250,  and  50<)  piasters. 
Gold:  pe.so.     Silver:  peso  and  division.s. 
Gold-  o,  10,  20,  50,  and  100  bolivars      Silver: 

'I'lirkev ..  .  . 

Piaster. 

Urnarnav 

Peso     fi. 

Venezuela 

Bolivar 

.")  l)olivars. 

^^^^^^  I •>  ooi  I  \  ili:^. . ^^^^^ 

"The  coins  of  silver-sLiudard  countries  are  valued  by  their  pure  silver  conte!it<,  at  the  :ivera;_'e  iii.irk.t  price  of  silver  for 
t'le  thee  m  .nihs  p  ecediu^  th  •  d  ite  of  this  circular,  f  Not  iiichidinu:  Cost.-i  Itii-.i.  §  The  suveivign  is  the  standard  coin  ot  In.iia, 
lent  the  nip.i-  ($0.44.8)  is  ihe  moue.v  of  account,  current  at  15  to  tlie  sovereiga  ||  Custcms.  \  Seven ty-tive  cectigrains  fine 
gold.     **  Value  in  .Mexico  49.8. 

TABLE  SllOWrXG  THE  VALUE  OF  FOREIGN  COINS  AND  PAPER  NOTES  IN  AMERICAN 
-MONEY  BASED  UPON  THJ^J  VALUES  EXPRESSED  IN  THE  ABOVE  TABLE. 


British   il 

German 

French  Kranc, 

Cliin-se  Tael 

Dutch 

Jap.  Veil, 

Russian 

AuRtri.in 

Sterlin.;. 

M.Hrk. 

Italian  Lira. 

$0.19.3 

(Haikvn,' 

Florin. 

M.X.  I'eso. 

("old    Rci)cl-. 

C'cw... 

1 

84.86.61^ 

§0.23,8 

$0.  83.  2 

$0. 40, 2 

$0.49.8 

.§0.51,5 

!::o.  20.3 

2 

9.73.3 

0.47.6 

0.38.6 

1.66,4 

0.  80,  4 

0.99,6 

1.03 

0.4O.6 

3 

14.59.91^ 

0.71,4 

0.57.9 

2.49.6 

1.20,6 

1.49.4 

1.54,5 

0. 60. 9 

4 

19.46.6 

0.95,2 

0.77.2 

3.32,8 

1  60,8 

1,99.2 

2.06 

0. 81 . 2 

5 

'i\.-?,:\.-iy. 

1.19 

0.96.5 

4  16,0 

2.  01 

2,49,0 

2.57.5 

1.01,5 

6 

29.19.9 

1.42,8 

1. 15, 8 

4.99,2 

2,  -1 1 .  2 

2,98  8 

3. 09 

1.21.8 

7 

34.06.5^ 

1.66.6 

1.35,1 

5.82,4 

2.81.4 

3.48,6 

3. 60. 5 

1.42.1 

8 

38.  93.  -J 

1.90,4 

1.54.4 

6.  (55, 6 

3.21.6 

3.98.4 

4.12 

1.62.4 

9 

43.  79.  S«.^ 

2.14,2 

1.7:^,7 

7. -IS  S 

3  6 1. 8 

4.48.2 

4.(;3.5 

1.82.7 

10 

48.66,5 

2.:  58 

1.93 

8  82.0 

4.02 

4,98  0 

5.15 

2.03 

20 

97. 33 

4.76 

3.86 

1(5.6     () 

S.  04 

9,  96  0 

10.  :50 

4.00 

80 

145.99,5 

7.14 

5.79 

2  4.9<>  0 

IJ,  0  ! 

14.94.0 

15,45 

6.  09 

40 

194. 66 

9.  .->2 

7.72 

33.-  S.o 

K),  OS 

19,92,0 

20,  (iO 

8.12 

50 

243.32,5 

11.90 

9.  (J.-> 

46,  6(»,  0 

20, 10 

2l.9(),0 

25.  75 

10. 15 

100 

486.65 

23,80 

19.30 

83.20.0 

40.  20 

49.80.0 

51.50 

20.30 

U'2 


tlnited  States  Internal  Revenue  UeceipU. 


SUnitctr  <StatC]S  Xutcrual  JUcbcnuc  JUcctipts, 


SUMMARY 

OF  INTERNAL  RKVENUE  RECEIPT.S  PROM  1880  TO 

1907,  INCLUSIVE. 

Fi.scAi.  Vkars. 

Spirits. 

Tobacco. 

Fermented 
Liquois. 

Banks  .inii 
Bankers. 

Miscellaneous. 

Adhesive 
Stamps. 

Collertions 

Under   Repealed 

L:» «  s. 

1880 

$61,185,509 

67,153,975 

69,873,408 

74,368,775 

76,905,385 

67,511,209 

(»9 ,092 ,266 

65,766,076 

69,287,431 

74,302,887 

81,682,970 

83,3;^5,964 

91,3Wt,984 

94,712,938 

85,259,252 

79,862,627 

80,670  071 

82  008,543 

92,547,000 

99.283,534 

109  868,817 

116,027,980 

121,138,013 

131,953,472 

135.810,015 

135,958.513 

143,394,055 

I56,:;;^fi,%'2 

§38,870,149 
42,854,991 
47,391,989 
42.104,250 
26,062,400 
26,407,088 
27,907,363 
30,083,710 
30,636,076 
31,862,195 
33,949,998 
32,796.271 
31,000.493 
31,843,556 
28,617,899 
29,707,908 
30,711,629 
30.710,297 
36.230,522 
52,493,208 
69,355  084 
62,481,907 
51,937,925 
43,514,810 
44,6.55,809 
45,659,910 
48,422,997 
51,811,070 

$12,829,803 
13,700,241 
16,1.03,920 
16,900,616 
18,084,9.54 
18,230,782 
19,676,731 
21,918,213 
23,324,218 
23,723,835 
26,008,5;55 
28,565,130 
30,037,453 
32,527,424 
31.414,788 
31,640,618 
33,784,235 
32,472.162 
39,515,421 
68,644,558 
73,560,754 
75,669,908 
71,988,902 
47,547,856 
49.083,459 
50,360,.553 
55,641,859 
59,567,818 

$3,350,985 
3.762,208 
5,253,458 
3,748,995 

'  4,288 

4,203 

6,179 

69 

■■■■  2 

85 
1,180 

'  1,461 

1,918 

228 

899 

$.383,755 

231,078 

199,830 

305,803 

289.144 

222,681 

194.422 

219,058 

154,970 

83,893 

135,555 

256,214 

2.39,532 

166,915 

1,876,509 

1,960,794 

1,664.545 

1  426  506 

2,572,696 

9,225.453 

11,575,626 

13,448  921 

13,360,130 

7,723,345 

3,354,722 

2,209,000 

1,644,027 

1,948,232 

$7,668,394 
7,924,708 
7,570.109 
7,053,053 

794.418 
43,837,819 
40,964  865 
39,241.036 
13,442,792 

1881 

$152,i63 

1882 

78,559 

1883 

71,852 

1884 

265.068 

1885 

49  ,.361 

1886 

32,087 

1887. 

294383 

1888 

9,548 

1889    

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 



1894 

1895    

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 



1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

.... 

1904 

1905 

1906 



1907 

•  >  ■  • 

f>f   the  receipts  in  1907  dasseii  as   "  Jliscellaneous,"  $887,641  was  from  oleomarg.uine,  $572,714   from  playing  carls,  $49,- 
5I.T  from  lej^acies,  and  %-l'jS,f>b'l  from  penalties. 


RECEIPTS    BY    STATES    AND    TERRITORIES. 

FISCAL  YE.4R  EXDKD  JITXK  30,  1907. 


States  anu  Tekkitokies. 

AlabuiiUi 

A  rkiiusas 

California  and  Nevada 

Colorado  and  Wyoiiiiiig 

Connecticut  and  Rhode  I.sland.. 

Florida 

(Georgia 

Hawai  i 

Illinois 


Indis 


Iowa 

Kansa.s,  Indian  Ter.,and  Oklahoma 

Kentucky 

Louisiana  and  Mississippi 

Maryland,l>el.,D.C.,and2  Va.Di.sts. 

IMassachusetts 

ISIivhisan 

IMinnesota 

Missouri 

Montana,  Idalio,  and  Utah  


Ag-gregate 
Collections. 


$456,783.24: 

122,080.65' 

5,536,796.41 

732,637.63^ 

1,801,359.00' 

1,192,550.91; 

632,440.98 

48,273.96 

54,856  141.97 

29,675,182.10; 

977,506.23, 

342,375.31 

28,444,4.38.38 

5.032.688.99 

7,273,136  83, 

3,917,187.98 

o.334,8()8..52 

l,716,.o49.81 

9,227,623.08 

616,074.76 


States  and  TEKBiTOKiEs. 


Nebrtuska 

New  Hampshire,  Maine,  Vermont, 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico  and  Arizona 

North  Caroli na 

North  and  South  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oregon  

Penu.-;ylvania 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

Washington  and  -Alaska 

West  Virginia 

Wiscon.sin 


Total 


Aggregate 
Collections. 


§2,6i«8,063.99 

495,591.16 

6,876,160.35 

106,469.12 

32,.'J.53,647.70 

4,8.80,061.18 

170..566.60 

21,8:;4,068.60 

378.428.45 

22,727,998.26 

256,107.69 

2,436,040.24 

790,493.45 

4,756,283.94 

1,046,2:^.29 

1,396,013.89 

8,525.163.20 


$269,664,02185 


WITHDRAWALS    FOR    CONSUMPTION. 

The  quantities  of  distilled  spirits,  fermented  liquors,  manufactured    tob.icco,  snuflf,  cigars,  cigarettes,  oleomargarine,  and 
filled  cheese  on  which  tux  was  paid  durinj;  the  last  two  ti.scal  years  are  as  follows: 


Articles  Taxkd. 


Spirits  distilled  from   appl.s.  peaches,  grapes,  pears,  pineapples. 

oranges,  apricots,  berries,  prunes,  fi'.'s,  ami  cherriis galls.. 

bjiirils  distilled  from  materials  other  than  apples,  peaches,  grapes. 

pears,  pineapples,  oranges,  apricots,  berries,  prunes,  etc.  .galls. . 

AV.Di-  nia'ie  in  imitation  of  champagne,  etc botiles  (pint )  no. . 

I'"ermented  liquors bbls. . 

Cigars,  weighing  more  th.m  'i  pounds  per  thousand no. . 

Cigars,  weighing  not  more  than  3  pounds  per  thousand no. . 

Cigarettes,  weighing  not  more  than  3  pounds  per  thousand. ..  .no. . 

Cigare'.les,  weighing  more  than  3  pounds  per  thousand no. . 

Snuflf lbs.. 

Tobacio,  chewing  and  smoking lbs. . 

Oleomargarine lbs. . 

Adulteraii  d  butter llx.. 

Pr  cess  or  rei.O'ated  butter lbs. . 


Kiscal  vears  ended  June3o 


19Uii 


1,:81,643 

li'J,7.!'.',82-: 

Vi 

.'54,661,637 

7.174,S05,Si: 

89.^^^l7,4it; 

3,7b3,266.21:! 

9,193,690 

22,:07,5:« 

3.54,91 5,499 

.•3,I4.i.6  9 

20,615 

54,(ilti,22s 


l!iU7. 


1,993,688 
134.142,074 


58.546,111 
7,490,1  (4.79  : 
l,li-.i,l3.:,42G 
5,151, 86-',130 

15,159,227 

23,401,196 
3i.9,18>'i,303 

6b,988,s60 
68,586 

63,761,640 


Increase. 


212.04.^ 

11,409,252 

'3Vs94,47-l 

315,339,570 

25ii,2i6,00O 

1,308,;  95,917 

6,6ii5,537 

693,f;6S 

14,-.!70,804 

16,1542,191 

4s,071 

9,735,412 


Decrease. 


.72 


KoTB.i— The  quantity  of  mixed  tlour  withdrawn  cannot  be  Btated,  owing  to  the  variable  Bumber  of  pounds  ttued. 


United  States  Internal  Revenue  Taxes.  343 

2initetr  ,Statts  Xnttrnal  Btbtuuc  K^nn. 

SCHEDULE    OF   ARTICLES    AND    OCCUPATIONS    SUBJECT    TO    TAX. 

SPECtAL    TAXKS    AND    RaTKS. 

Rectifiers  of  less  than  500  barrels  a  year.  SI 00;  rectifiers  of  500  barrels  or  more  a  year,  $'J00. 

Wholesale  liquor  dealers.  $100;  retail  liquor  dealers,  §25, 

Wholesale  dealers  in  malt  liquors,  $50 ;  retail  dealers  in  malt  liqnors,  $20, 

Manufacturers  of  stills,  $50;  and  for  stills  or  worms,  manufafiure<i,  each,  $20, 

Brewers:  Auiiual  niauufaeture  less  than  500  barrels,  $50;  annual  mauutacture  500  barrels  or 
more,  $100, 

Maiuilactures  of  filled  cheese,  $400;  wholesale  dealers  in  filled  cheese,  $250;  retail  dealers  in 
filled  cheese,  $12. 

Manufacturers  of  oleomargarine,  $600;  wholesale  dealers  In  oleomargarine  arti"fically  colored  in 
imitation  of  butter,  $480;  wholesale  dealers  in  oleomargarine  free  from  artificial  coloration,  §200; 
retail  dealers  in  oleomartjariue  artificially  colored  in  imitation  of  butter,  $48:  retail  dealers  in  oleo- 
margarine free  from  artificial  coloratioii,"!?6. 

jNIanufacturers  of  adulterated  butter,  $600;  wholesale  dealers  in  adulterated  butter,  $480;  retaiJi 
dealers  in  adulterated  butter,$48:  manufacturers  of  process  or  renovated  butter,§50;  manufacturer.s, 
packers  or  repackers  of  mixed  flour,  $12. 

Ur.-STILLKD    SPIRITS,    ETC, 

Distilled  spirits,  pergallon,  $1.10;  stamps  for  distilled  spirits  intended  for  export,  each.lOcents; 
except  when  attixed  to  packages  coutaitiing  two  or  more  5-galloa  cans  for  export,  5ceuts. 

Case  stamps  for  spirits  bottled  in  bond,  10  cents. 

Wines,  liquors,  or  compounds  known  or  denominated  as  wine,  and  made  in  imitation  of  sparkliner 
wine  or  champagne,  hut  not  made  from  grapes  grown  in  the  United  States,  and  liquors  not  made 
from  grapes,  currants,  rhubarb  or  berries  gnnvn  in  the  United  States,  but  produced  by  being  rectified 
or  mixed  with  distilled  spirits  or  by  the  infusion  of  any  matter  in  spirits,  to  be  sold  as  wine,  or  as  a 
substitute  for  wine,  in  bottles  containing  not  more  than  1  pint  per  bottle  or  packasje,  10  cents ;  same, 
in  bottles,  containing  more  than  1  pint,  and  not  more  than  1  quart,  per  bottle  or  package.  20  cents 
(and  at  the  same  rate  for  any  larger  quantity  of  such  merchandise,  however  put  up  or  whatever  may 
be  the  package). 

Grape  brandy  used  in  the  fortification  of  pure,  sweet  wine  under  an  act  approved  June  7, 1906 
(to  be  assessed),  per  gallon,  3  cents, 

FERMENTED   LIQUORS. 

Fermented  liqnors  per  barrel,  containing  not  more  than  31  gallons,  $1  (and  at  a  proportionate 
rate  for  halves,  thirds,  quarters,  sixths  and  eighths  of  barrels);  more  than  one  barrel  of  31  gallons, 
and  not  more  than  63  gallons,  in  one  package,  $2. 

TOBACCO    A.ND   SNUFF. 

Tobacco, however  prepared,  manufactured  and  sold,  or  removed  for  consumption  or  sale,  per 
lb.,  6  cents;  siiutf,  however  prepared,  manufactured  and  sold,  or  removed  for  consumption  or 
Bale,  per  lb. ,  6  cents. 

CIGARS    AND    CIGARETTES. 

Cigars  of  all  descriptions  made  of  tobacco,  or  any  subsittute  therefor,  and  weighing  more  than  3 
lbs.  per  thousand.  $3;  cigars  of  all  dencriptions  made  of  tobacco,  or  any  substitute  therefor,  and 
weighinsr  not  more  than  31bs.  per  thousand,  18  cents  per  lb,,  54  cents;  cigarettes  weighing  not  more 
than  3  lbs.  per  thousand  and  of  a  wholesale  value  or  price  of  more  than  $2  per  thousand,  36  cents  per 
lb.,  $1.08;  cigarettes  weighing  not  more  than  3  lbs.  per  thousand  and  of  a  wholesale  value  or  price  of 
not  more  than  $2  per  thousand,  18  cents  per  lb.,  54  cents;  cigarettes  weighmg  more  than  3  lbs.  per 
thousand,  $3. 

OLEOMARGARINE. 

Oleomargarine,  domestic.artificially  colored  to  look  like  butter,  of  ahj' shade  of  yellow,  per  lb..  10 
cents;  oleomargarine,  free  from  coloration  that  causes  it  to  look  like  butter,  of  an.v  shade  of  yellow, 
perlb.,  J^  of  one  cent;  oleomargarine,  imported  from  foreign  countries,  per  lb,, 15  cents, 
ADULTERATED  BUTTER  AND  PROCESS  OR  RENOVATED  BUTTER. 

Adulterated  butter,  per  lb.,  10  cents;  process  or  renovoted  butter,  per  lb.,  \^  of  one  cent, 

FILLED   CHEESE, 

Filled  cheese,  per  lb., 1  cent;  same, imported,  per  lb.,  8  cents. 

OPIUM. 

Prepared  smoking  opium, per  lb.,  §10. 

MIXED  FLOUR. 

Mixed  flour,  per  barrel  of  196  lbs.,  or  more  than  98  lbs.,  4  cents;  half  barrel  of  98  lbs.,  or  more 
than  49  lbs.,  2  cents;  quarter  barrel  of  49  lbs.  or  more  than  24i^  lbs.,!  cent;  eighth  barrel  of  24>g 
lbs.  orless.  %  of  one  cent.  (Mixed  flour  imported  from  foreign  countries,  in  addition  to  import 
duties,  must  pay  internal  revenue  tax  as  above.) 

CIRCULATION  OF  AND  NOTES  PAID  OUT  BY  BANKS  AND  BANKERS. 

(Mrculation  issued  by  any  bank,  etc.or  person  (except  a  national  bank  taxed  under  section  5214^ 
RevisedStatues,aiidSectionl3,  Act  March  14,  1900),  per  month,  1-12  of  1  per  cent. 

Circulation  (except  national  banks)  exceeding  90  per-ceut,  of  capital, in  addition,  per  month,  1-6 
of  1  percent. 

Banks. etc.,  on  amount  of  notes  of  any  person.  State  bank,  or  State  banking  association,  used  for 
circulation  and  paid  out,  10  per  cent. 

Banks,  etc.,  bankers,  or  associations,  on  amount  of  notes  of  any  town,  city,  or  municipal  cor- 
poration paid  out  by  them,  10  per  cent. 

Every  person,  firm,  association,  other  than  national  bank  associations,  and  every  corporation. 
State  bank,  or  state  banking  association,  on  the  amount  of  i/ieir  oiwi.  viofes  used  for  circulation  and 
paid  out  by  them,  10  per  cent. 

Every  such  person,  firm,  association,  corporation, State  bank,  or  State  banking  a.ssociation,  ai.ri 
also  every  national  banking  association,  on  the  amount  of  notes  of  any  person,  firm,  a.ssociation.other 
than  a  national  banking  as  ociation.  or  of  any  corporation.  State  bank  or  State  banking  association, 
or  of  any  town,city,  or  municipal  corporation,  used  for  circulation,  and  paid  out  by  them,  10  per  cent. 

PLAYING  CARDS. 

Playing  cards,  per  pack,  containing  not  naore  than  54  cards,  2  cents. 

TAXKS  NOT  PAYABLE  BY  STAMPS. 

Tax  on  deficiencies  in  production  of  sijirits— On  excess  of  materials  used  in  production  of  spirits; 
on  circulation  of  banks  and  bankers;  on  ncHes  paid  out  by  banks  and  others;  QU  braody  usecl  in  tho 
fQrtjficaiiouof  vviue,  yeualtlesof  50  per  ceut.aud  100  per  cent. 


844   Receipts  and  Expendltiires  of  U.  S.  Gover^iment,  1877-1907. 


REVENUE  BY  FISCAL  YEARS. 


Yrars. 
Ending  June  30. 


Customs. 


Internal 
Revenue. 


1877.. 
1878.. 
1879.. 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1882.. 
1883.. 
1884.. 
t885.. 
1886.. 
1887.. 
1888.. 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1892.. 
189£.. 
1894.. 
1895.. 
1896.. 
1897.. 
1898.. 
1899.. 
1900.. 
1901.. 
1902.. 
1903.. 
1904.. 
1905.. 
1906.. 
1907.. 


$130,956,493 
130,170680 
137,250,048 
186,522,065 
198,159,676 
220,410,730 
214,706,497 
195,067,490 
181,471.939 
192,905,023 
217,286.893 
219,091,174 
223,832,742 
229,668,585 
219,522,205 
177,452,964 
203,355,017 
131,818,531 
152,158,617 
160,021.752 
176,554,126 
149,819,594 
206,141,225 
2:^,164,871 
2.33,585,456 
2.54,444,709 
284.479,582 
261,274,565 
261,798,857 
3011,657,413 
333.230,126 


$118,630,408 
110,581,625 
113,561,611 
124,009,374 
135,264,386 
146,497,595 
144,720,369 
121,586,073 
112,498,726 
116,805,936 
118,823,391 
124,296,872 
130,881,514 
142,606,706 
145,686,249 
153,971,072 
160,296.130 
147,111.232 
143,421,672 
146,762,865 
146,688,774 
169,943,040 
272,486,648 
295,327,927 
307,180,6^4 
271,880.122 
230,810,124 
232,904,119 
2-34,095,741 
249,063,868 
270,309,388 


Direct 
Tax. 


!?31 

1,517 

160,142 

108,157 

70,721 

i68!240 

32,892 

1,566 


Sales 

of  I'nblic 

Lauds. 


$976,254 
1.079,743 
■  924,781 
1,016,507 
2,201,863 
4,753,140 
7,955,864 
9,810,705 
5,705,986 
5,6:30,999 
9,254,286 

11,202,017 
8,038,652 
6,::358,273 
4,029,535 
3,261,876 
8,182,090 
1,673,637 
1,103,347 
1,005,523 
864,581 
1,243,129 
3,070,137 
2,836,883 
2.965,120 
6,261,927 

11,024,744 
9,283,342 
7,017,011 
7,585,524 

11,553,178 


iMisti'llaneous   Sources. 


Premiums 
on   Loans  A 

.Sales  of 
Gold  Coin. 

$405,777 

317,102 

1,505,048 

110 


Other  Mis- 
cellaneous 
Items. 


Total 
Revenue. 


$18,031,655 
15,614,728 
20,585,697 
21,978,525 
25,154,861 
31,703,643 
30,796,695 
21,984,882 
24,014,055 
20,989,528 
26,005,815 
24,674,446 
24,297,151 
24,447,420 
23  374,457 
20,251,872 
18,253,898 
17,118,618 
16,706,438 
19,186,061 
23,614,422 
84,846,631 
33,324,840 
:^5 ,911,171 
38,954,098 
29,891,476 
34,082,224 
37,169.723 
41.363,076 
37,607.910 
50,213,442 


$269,000,587 
257,763,879 
273,827,184 
333,526,611 
360,782,293 
403,525,250 
398,287,582 
348,519,870 
323,690,706 
336,439,727 
371,403.278 
379,266,065 
387,050,069 
403,080,983 
392,612,447 
354,937,784 
385,818,629 
297,722,019 
313,390,075 
326,976,200 
347,721,905 
405,321,335 
515,652,666 
567,240,852 
587,685,338 
562,478,233 
560,396,674 
540,631,749 
544,274,685 
594,014.715 
665,306,1:^4 


Excess  of 
Revenue  over 

Ordinary 
Expenditures. 


$30,340,578 

20,799,552 

6,879,301 

65,883,6.53 

100,069,405 

145,543,811 

132,879,444 

104,393,626 

63,463,771 

93,956,-589 

103,471,098 

111,341,274 

87.761,081 

85,040,272 

26,838,542 

9,914,4.54 

2,341,674 

*69,803,261 

*42,805,223 

*25,203  246 

•18,052,254 

•38,047,247 

*89,898,657 

79,527,060 

77,717,984 

91,287,376 

54,297,667 

•41,770,572 

•23,004,229 

26,187,141 

86,945,543 


EXPENDITURES  BY  FISCAL  YEARS. 


YFAns. 

Ending  June  30. 

1877 

1878.... 

1879. . . . 

1880.... 

1881.... 

1882 

1883 

1884.... 

1885.... 

1886.... 

1887.... 

1888.... 

1889.... 

1890.... 

1891..   . 

1892.... 

1893.... 

1894.... 

1895... 

1896.... 

1897 .... 

1898 

1899.... 

1900.... 

1901.... 

1902 

1903... 

1904.... 

1905  .. 

1906 

1907.... 

Premium  on 
Loans  and 
'iirclixse   of 
Moncls,  etc. 


|;2,795,;^2() 
1,061,249 


other   Civil 

and 

Miscellau'ou.s 

Items. 


8,270,842 
17,292,363 
20.304,244 
10,401,221 


$56,252,067 

53,177,704 

65,741,555 

54,713,530 

64,416,325 

57,219,751 

68,678,022 

70.920,434 

87,494,258 

74,166,9:^0 

85,264,826 

72,952,261 

80,664,064 

81.403.256 

110,048,167 

99,841,988 

103,732,799 

102,165,471 

93,279,730 

87,216,2:^5 

90,401,267 

96, 520.  .505 

119,191,256 

105,773,190 

12-2,282.003 

113,469,:?24 

124,944,290 

186,766.703 

146,9.52,549 

120.000,627 

124,117,119 


War 
Department. 


Navy 
Department. 


$37,082,7:36 

32,154,148 

40,425,661 

38,116,916 

40,466,461 

43,570,494 

48,911,:383 

89,429,603 

42,670,578 

34,324,1.53 

38,.561,026 

38,522,4:36 

44,435,271 

44,582,8.38 

48,720,065 

46,895,456 

49,641,773 

54,567,930 

51,804,7.59 

50,830,921 

48,950,267 

91,992,000 

229,841,254 

134,774,768 

144,615,697 

112,272.216 

118,619,-520 

115,0.35,411' 

122,175,074, 

93,6.59,462 

101,671,8811 


$14,9.59,9:35 
17,:365,301 
15,125,127 
13,536,985 
15,686,672 
15,032,046 
15,283,437 
17,292,601 
16,021,080 
13,907,888 
15,141,127 
16,926,4.38 
21,-378,809 
22,006,206 1 
26,113,8961 
29,174,139] 
30,1:36,084  i 
31,701,294! 
28,797,796 
27,147,732 
34,561. ."546 
58,823,985 
63,942,104 
55,9-53,078 
60,-506,973 
67,803,128 
82.618,0-'i4 
102,9-56,102 
117,-5-50,:^,08 
10,9-56.167 
97,606,595 


Indians. 


$5,277,007 

4,629,280 

5,206,109 

5,945,457 

6,-514,161 

9,7:36,747 

7,362,-590 

6.476,999 

6,-5.'^2,495 

6,099,158 

6,194,-523 

6,249.308 

6,892,208 

6,708,047 

8,-527,469 

11,150,-578 

13,:345.;347 

10,293,482 

9,9:39,754 

12,165,528 

13.016.802 

10,994.668 

12,^05,711 

10.175,107 

10,896,073 

10,049.58.5 

12.935.168 

10,4-38,3-50 

14,2-36.074 

12,746,  ,512 

15,140,292 


Poasions. 


$27,963,752 

27,137,019 

35,121,482 

56,777,174 

50,0.59,280 

61,:345,194 

66,012,574 

55,429,228 

56,102,267 

63,404,864 

75,029,102 

80,288,509 

87,624,779 

106,936,8-55 

124,415,951 

134,583,053 

159,357,558 

141,177,285 

141,:395,229 

1:39.4:34,001 

141.0-53,164 

147,452,369 

1.39,394,929 

140,877,:316 

1:39. :323 ,622 

1:38,488,560 

1-38,425,646 

142,550,266 

141,773,964 

141,034,0H1 

139,290,910 


Interest  on 
Public    Debt. 


$97,124,512 
102,500,875 
105,327,949 
95,757,575 
82,-508,741 
71,077,207 
59,160,131 
54,578,378 
51,:386,256 
60,580,146 
47,741,577 
44,715,007 
41,001,484 
36,099,284 
37,547,1.35 
2:3,378,116 
27,264  ,:392 
27.841,406i 
30.978,0.30 
35,:385,029 
37,791,110 
37,585,or)6 
39.896,92q1 
40,160,;3-"3i 
.32,:!42,979l 
29,108,0451 
28.5i,6,.385| 
24,646,4901 
24,-590,944 1 
24,:310,326i 
24,482,524 


Total 

Ordinary 

Expenditures. 


$238,660,009 
236.964,327 
266,947,883 
267,642,958 
260,712,888 
257,931,440 
265,408,138 
244,126,244 
260,226,9:35 
242,483,138 
267,9.32,180 
267,924,801 
299,288.978 
318,040,711 
365,773  905 
345,023,330 
383,477,954 
367,746,867 
356,195,298 
352,179.446 
365,774,1-59 
443,368,-583 
605,072,180 
487,713,792 
509,967,:353 
471,190,8-58 
506,099,007 
582,402,321 
567,278,913 
568,727,-565 
578,360,592 


1  he  total  receipts  of  the  United  State.s  ivmn  the  beginning  of  the  (iovernineiir,  1789.  to  190"  liave 
^''^V'  J/"'"  custoin.s,. $10,3.38,196,831;  internal  i-ev.Miiie,  $7,544,014  084;  diiwt  ta.x,  $:328,131,944 ;  public 
lauds    $3/9,244,674;  miscellaneon.s,  $1,194,656,023;  total,  exchidin?  loans,  $20,141,7.34,986. 

1  he  total  expenditures  of  tlie  United  States  frotn  the  hesinninsr  of  tlie  Govpriiment,1789,  to  1907 
2?-^/-o?oL\'  Forcivil  and  miscellaneous,  $4,105,823,056;  war,  $6.2.54,2.38,793:  nnvv,  §2.208,480,804;  I udjauii, 
^'^/Kl;^n=H?M.'l^*'"'-  *3,7:«.545.746:  interest,  $3,l70,.392,87t)i  tQlt^l.  $;J0,W5,496.t)ytJ.      '  '      '  * 


American  and  J^oreign  JShij^ping. 


345 


^mrrfcan  antr  .iForrinu  c^fjip^jinrj. 

UNITED  STATES  VESSpJT.S,  1907. 


Clas.*?. 


E;xqagkd  in-  Forkign- 
Tradk. 


Number. 


Tonnage. 


Steinners 432 

Sailing  veswels ') 

Canul-boat.s -  967 

Barges j 

Total 1.399 


598,  li>5 
263,311 

"86i;466 


KNGAGKI>  IN-  fOASTWISK 

Tkahk. 


Number, 


9,196 
12,8.1 


Tonntige. 


3,664,210 
2,346,391 


22.027  i  6.(H0,f:01 


Tlie  piuiie  mi!nl>er  of  documented  vessels  was  24,911.  of  wbicb  10,050  were  steamers  ami  14,861 
were  vesseLs  otber  tban  steauiei-s.  all  aggregating  6.938,794  tons. 

Tlie  p^'imated  vulne  of  the  whole  amount  of  floating  property  nnder  the  fl.oir,  according  to  tJie  cen- 
SU5?  of  1890.  was  8215,069.296.  The  value  according  to  the  census  of  1900  has  not  jet  been  re- 
ported.    The  .'Jtati.stics  of  the  above  table  are  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  19U7. 


SHIPBUILDING  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

'  The  following  table  shows  the  class,  number,  and  tonnage  of  the  documented  vessels  built  In  this 
country  durnig  the  last  four  yeai-s  reported: 


1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907. 

CLA.SS. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons. 

Num- 
ber. 

Ton.s. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons. 

Sailing  vessels ...... 

Steam  vessels 

Canal-boats 

330 
613 

2.5 

64.908 

255. 744 

2.753 

5.M37 

310 

560 

30 

202 

1,102 

79.418 

197.702 

3.248 

49.948 

229 

650 

83 

259 

1  221 

35,209 
315.707 

8,832 
58, 997 

418  745 

147 

674 

62 

274 

1.157 

24.907 

365, 405 

6  577 

Barges 

Total 

216 
1,184 

71.443 

378.54- 

330.316 

471    S'2'i 

IRON   AND  STEEF^  TONNAGE  BUILT  IN  THE  UNITED  STATE8,    1875-1907 


Years. 


S:iiling 

Vesseis 

and  Birjres. 


1875... 
1876... 
1877... 
1878... 
1879... 
1880  ... 
1882  ... 
1883... 
1884... 
1885... 
1886... 
1887 -. 
1888... 

ias9... 

1890... 
1891  ... 


44 


2.033 

4.432 

731 

692 

92 

7J6 

33 

4.975 

6,309 


Steam 
Vessels. 


21.631 
21.346 
5.927 
26.960 
22.007 
25.538 
40.096 
37.613 
31.200 
43. 297 
14,215 
34.261 
35.972 
53,479 
75, 402 
99^309 


Total. 


21.631 
21.346 
5.927 
26.960 
22.007 
25.582 
40.096 
39.646 
35.632 
44.028 
14.907 
34.353 
36.718 
53.512 
80.377 
105,618 


Years. 


Sailing 

Vf-sels 

nnd  H.irges. 


1892 
■'  893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898  . 
1899 
liOO 
1901 
.1902, 
1903 
1904 
,1905 
11906. 
1907. 


•5 

13 

4 

5 

16 

46 

13 

28 

28 

26 

9 

18, 

18 

VJ. 

15 


282 
104 
649 
975 
832 
158 
765 
361 
903 
571 
430 
112 
,773 
336 
276 
039 


steam 
Vessel.s. 

~46. 092 

8 1 . 4-j.s 

46. 821 

42.619 

96,388 

78,236 

48.501 

103.018 

167.948 

236.128 

270.932 

240.107 

222.307 

170. 304 

289.094 

333.516 


Total. 


51,374 

94.. 532 

51.470 

48.594 

113.220 

124,394 

62.2f6 

131,379 

196.851 

262,(99 

280,3(i2 

258.219 

41.080 

182,6-10 

297,370 

348, 555 


'COMPARATIVE   GROWTH   OF   THE   TONNAGE   OF  THE  MERCHANT    XAVI?:SOFTHE 

UNITED  STATES  AXD  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  MAKITIME  COUNTRIES 

OF  EUROPE  FROM  1850  TO  1906. 


Countries. 


American 

Uritish 

French 

Norwegian . 

Swedish 

Danish 

German 

Dutch 

Belgian 

Italian 

Austro-Hiuigarian. 
(jri-ek 


1S50. 


3.485.266 

4.232.96'2 

6S8.153 

298,:515 


292. 57S 
84.919 


1S60. 


0, i99.no 

5,1 10,9651 
996,124 
o5S,9'.'7 


43:5.999 
33,111 


96:5.(175 


l.STO. 


4,194,740 

7,149.i:« 

l,079.f>4« 

l,02'J..il5 

346,S<>'.> 

178,646 

989,3.S5 

3»9.614 

30,149 

1,012,164 

39ft.n77 

404,06:J 


1880. 


4.06>,,o:>4 

8,447.171 
919,29s 

1,.518,6.V. 
542,642 
949,466 

1,182,097 

328,281 

7  5, 6-;  6 

999,  Ui^ 

290,971 


1890. 


4,424,497 

1,597.106 

l,045,10i 

]  ,5'94,3.=>5 

475.964 

2.SO.O60 

l,o69.:!ll 

378.7f*4 

110,571 

816,.n67 

969.648 

307. 6J0 


1895. 


4.63.=., 
l:{.424 

1,1.=.4 

1,71:5 
515 
366 

1,866 
46'.i 
11 
83s 
30s 
3^1 


960 

783 
,611 
.010 
585 
49' > 
6'.<5 
.331 
101 
119 
180 


1903. 


,087,:!45 

.006.374 

.62'i,016 

.653,740 

721. IM 

..=.sl,247 

,i83.247 

668.8t.=i 

157.1.47 

,180.33.-. 

678,697 

378,1H9 


1904. 

1905. 

6.i91,5:J5 

6.4.^6.543 

16.969.41- 

16,831.;'38 

1.760.609 

1.73  1.077 

1,779.991 

l,7;.9..-.-.2 

791.627 

8:'.4,582 

632,'.<72 

648.53. 

3,3  3,l4i' 

3,525,744 

722.193 

734,879 

156.231 

16^,524 

1,259.122 

1,14', 502 

671,976 

576,472 

517,307 

499,164 

1906. 


6.674.'..69 
17..-..'i6,867 

1.751.724 

1.90-.',966 
883,506 
69.  ,165 

3,932,1('9 
768. 6w 
1. -.7,204 

1,269TI74 
619.866 
533,329 


Tonnage  of  the  Uuited  States  In  1907,  6,93^,794. 

The  ahp.n-e  tables,  except  the  data  of  merchant  navies  o^  the   world  for   IS'iO,  have  been  cnmpileil  from  the  report  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Navi.jation  of  the  United  States.     Kussia  in  1906-7  had  a  ttcnage  of  1,327,627,  and  Spain  of  747,237. 
•From  Bureau  Veritas. 


346  Bhiphuilding  in  the    United  States, 

(From  Census  Bulletin  No.  bl.) 

On  January  1,  1905,  1,097  establishments,  exclusive  of  those  conducted  by  the  Government, 
were  engaged  in  iron  and  steel  or  wooden  shipbuilding.  The  combined  capital  of  these  estab- 
lishments was  $121,023,700.  They  employed,  on  an  average,  i"JU,754  wage-earners,  paid 
$29,241,087  in  wages,  used  materials  costing  $37,403,179,  and  manufactured  products  which, 
including  repair  work,  were  valued  at  $82,709,239. 

A  comparison  of  these  figures  with  those  for  the  census  of  1S50  shows  that  the  industry 
has  made  remarkable  progress.  Although  the  number  of  establishments  has  not  increased 
materially,  the  capital  invested  has  increased  twenty-one  fold  and  the  value  of  the  product 
nearly  fourfold.  As  the  construction  of  iron  and  steel  ships  has  grown  in  importance  since 
1S80,  capital  has  become  more  essential  to  the  development  of  the  industry.  During  this 
time  the  altered  conditions,  the  rapid  transition  from  wood  to  iron  and  steel  construction, 
have  produced  a  progressive  concentration  of  shipbuilding  in  large  establishments.  In  ISSO 
the  2,l8S  establishments  involved  an  investment  of  $20,979,874,  and,  including  repair  work, 
gave  an  output  of  $30,800,327.  Twenty-five  years  later  neai-ly  six  times  the  amount  of  cap- 
ital, $121,023,700,  invested  in  about  one-half  the  number  of  establishments,  1,097,  gave  an 
output  valued  at  $8^.709,239. 

BRANCHES  OF  THE  INDUSTRY. 

In  1905  no  less  than  83.5  per  cent,  of  the  entire  shipbuilding  capital  of  the  country  was 
invested  in  iron  and  steel  construction,  as  against  77.4  per  cent,  for  1900.  Of  the  total 
number  of  private  establishments  reported  in  1905,  on  the  other  hand.  95.1  per  cent,  were 
engaged  in  wooden  construction  work,  for  of  the  entire  number  of  shipbuilding  establish- 
ments not  under  governmental  control  only  54  were  devoted  to  iron  and  steel  construction, 
while  1,043  were  credited  to  wooden  construction.  For  1900  the  relative  position  of  the  two 
branches  was  nearly  the  same,  as  the  number  of  establishments  was  44  for  iron  and  steel 
and  1,003  for  wood.  The  majority  of  the  establishments  engaged  in  iron  and  steel  construc- 
tion are  of  great  size  and  require  costly  and  expensive  equipment,  while  most  of  those 
engaged  in  wooden  construction  are  small  yards  which  perform  minor  repairs  on  small 
vessels,  and  turn  out  wooden  vessels  of  comparatively  light  tonnage. 

MATERIALS    USED. 
Within  the  last  fifteen  years  the  increasing  importance  of  iron  and  steel  in  shipbuilding 
has  been  especially  marked.     As  an  item  of  expense  in   1890  the  cost  of  iron  and  steel  was 
less  important  than  the  cost  of  lumber,  but  in  1905  the  cost  of  the  former  constituted  41.2 
per  cent,  and  the  cost  of  the  latter  only  17.9  per  cent,  of  the  amount  paid  for  materials. 

PRODUCTS. 

In  1880  the  value  of  the  work  done  on  wooden  vessels  of  five  tons  and  over  was  nearly 
three  times  as  gri'eat  as  the  value  of  work  done  on  iron  and  steel  vessels  of  the  same  class. 
For  1905  conditions  were  practically  reversed,  for  the  value  of  iron  and  steel  work  was 
nearly  four  times  that  of  wood. 

The  value  of  "iron  and  steel  construction"  was  $43,395,704,  and  of  "wooden  construc- 
tion" $9,724,231,  the  total,  $82,709,239,  being  completed  by  an  output  of  $3,001,292  from 
"small  boats  under  five  tons,"  $22,829,040  from  repair  work,  and  $3,818,972  from  "all  other 
pfoducts." 

Both  in  the  capital  invested  and  value  of  products  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  have 
always  been  among  the  leading  States.  Virginia  has  made  the  most  striking  progress. 
Since  1880  this  State  has  risen  from  twenty-second  to  third  rank  in  value  of  products  and 
from  seventeen  to  first  rank  in  capital  invested.  California  and  Washington  led  on  the 
Pacific  Coast,  and  Ohio  and  Michigan  in  the  Great  Lakes  region. 

Nearly  three-fourths  of  the  aggregate  value  of  products  of  the  shipbuilding  industry  was 
produced  in  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  district.  Although  there  was  a  greater  number  of  estab- 
lishments in  the  Great  Lakes  district  than  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  the  value  of  the  output  of 
the  latter  was  greater  from  the  fact  that  on  the  Great  Lakes  many  small  establishments 
exist  because  of  the  market  there  for  small  boats. 

GOVERNMENT  ESTABLISHMENTS. 

An  increasing  navy  has  compelled  the  Government  to  equip  the  navy-yards  adequately 
for  the  repair  work  which  necessarily  results  from  the  larger  number  of  vessels  now  con- 
tinually in  commission.  Government  yards  have  also  undertaken  the  construction  of  the 
largest  types  of  warships.  As  a  result,  the  value  of  products  of  the  Government  establish- 
ments increased  from  $11,022,312  for  1900  to  $17,205,469  for  1905,  or  56.6  per  cent. 

VESSELS    LAUNCHED. 

Of  the  total  net  tonnage  of  merchant  vessels  launched  during  1904,  64.8  per  cent, 
were  built  in  the  shipyards  of  the  New  England  States  and  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and 
Pennsylvania,  and  of  "the  production  of  these  States  59.6  per  cent,  was  intended  for  the 
lake  and  river  trade. 

The  shipyards  in  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  district  launched  vessels  which  aggregated  a 
greater  tonnage  and  value  than  the  combined  output  of  the  shipyards  in  the  other  districts. 
With  reference  to  the  value  of  ships  of  five  tons  and  over  launched  by  private  shipyards 
in  1900,  Pennsylvania,  Maine,  Virginia,  and  New  York  led,  in  the  order  named.  Michigan, 
for  the  Great  Lakes,  followed,  with  California  sixth.  Five  years  later  Pennsylvania  and 
Virginia  still  held  first  and  third  places,  respectively,  but  California  had  risen  to  second 
place;  Massachusetts  supplanted  New  York  in  fourth  place;  Maine  dropped  to  fifth,  while 
the  State  of  Washington  rose  from  eleventh  .to  sixth  place.  As  a  rule,  the  rank  for  steel 
vessels  closely  approximates  the  rank  for  all  classes  and  governs  the  relative  position  of  the 
State  in  shipbuilding. 

EQUIPMENT    OP    SHIPYARDS. 

The  repair  work  of  a  shipyard  is  closely  connected  with  the  drydock  and  marine  rail- 
way equipment.  Of  the  1,097  private  shipyards  reported  in  1905.  388.  or  35.4  per  cent.,  were 
credited  with  77.3  per  cent,   of  the  total  value  of  ship  repairs  reported  by  all  establishments. 

Two-thirds  of  the  drydocks  are  situated  in  the  North  Atlantic  States.  New  York  alone 
had  over  one-third  of  the  entire  number.  New  Jersey,  second  in  importance  in  this  respect, 
had  as  many  drydocks  as  the  entire  North  Central  division.  The  South  Atlantic  States  had 
eighteen  drydocks,  the  North  Central  States  twenty-three,  and  the  Western  States  only  seven. 


Foreign  Trade  of  the    United  Stcites. 


347 


jFocn'fju  ^uatJc  of  tijc  Stlnitctr  <^tatcs. 

(Compiled  from  the  Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.) 

EXPORTS. 

Merchandise  axd  Specie  Exported  from  the  United  States  During  the  Fiscal  Year 

Ended  June  30,  1907. 


Articles. 


Domestic  Merclianiiise. 

Aerieultural  Iiiiplf  ment-s 

Aliiminuiii  and  M:inuf;icturers  of. 

Animals 

Biioks,  Maps,  Engravings,  aud  other 
Printed  Matter 

Brass,  and  Manufactures  of .. 

Breadstiiffs  :  Corn bush. 

"  Oats  bush. 

"  Wheat bush. 

Wheat  Flour bbls. 

Cars,  Carriages,  and  other  Vehicles 
and  Parts  of 

Chemicals,  Drugs,  Dyes,  and  Medi- 
cines  

Clocks  and  Watches  aud  P:irt-s  of.  . . . 

Coal:  Anthracite tons 

"      Bituminous tons 

Coppei  Ore tons 

Manuf.actures  of 

Cotton,  Unmanufactureil lbs. 

"       Mauufacliires  of 

Eirthen,  Stone,  and  China  Ware.... 

Fertilizers ... 

Filires,  Vegetable,  and  Textile  Grasses, 
Manufactures  of 

Fish 

Fruits,  Apples,  Green  or  Ripe. . .  .bbls. 

Fruits  and  Nuts,  all  other 

Furs  and  Fur  Skins 

Glass  and  (Jlassware 

Glucose  or  Gripe  Sngir 

Gunpowder  and  other  Explosives... . 

Hav tons 

Hops lbs. 

India  Itubber  Manufactures 

Instruments  for  Scientific  Purposes.... 

Iron  anil  Steel,  Manufactures  of 

Leather,  ami  Manufactures  of.. 

!\lalt  Liquors 

MarbIe,StoMe,and  Manufactures  of.. 


Quantities. 


83,300,708 

4,0U.04-.> 

76,5'9,4'2  ; 

15,5S4,6t)7 


2,481, 950 

8,i5l2,8S2 
02, n4;.! 

4,51S,217,22€ 


1,5-39,267 


5^,602 
16,80.', 534 


Values. 


^26,936,456 

44l',9i5" 

41,203,080' 

5,813,1071 

4.580,455 

44,-.-61,816 

1,670,881 

60,214,388 

62,175,397 

20,513,407 


20,373,036 
3,169,272 

12,154,640 

22,573,122 
1 ,838,588 

n4.7i-,2,110 
481,-J77,79-; 

3:,305,412 
1,097,000 
8,596,711 

8,308,112 
5,5:«,856 
4,H5-',966 

12,9  ■.5,466 
7,l:i9,221 
2,604,71 7| 
3,01 7, .V27 
4,0^2,402 
976,287j 
3,531,9721 
7,428,: 14 1 

13,661,455 
181,.'.30,-i71 

45,4';6,9ii9 

.  1,215,340 
1.433,123 


Articles. 


Domestic  Merchandise. 

Musical  Instruments 

Xaval  Stores 

Xickel,  Nickel  Oxide  and  Matte... 

Oil  Cake,  Oil  Cake  Meal lbs. 

Oils:  Animal galls. 

"     Mineral,  Crude galls. 

"     Mineral,  Ketined  or  Mauuf'd. 

"      Vegetable 

Paints,  Pigments,  and  Colors 

Paper,  and  Manufactures  of 

Paratiine,  Paralhne  Wax lbs. 

Provisions:  Beef  Products lbs. 

"  Hog  Products lbs. 

"  01eoni.argarine... 

"  Other  Meat  Products. . . 

"  Dairy  Products 

Seeds:  Clover lbs, 

"       All  other 

So.if 


.Spirits,  Distilled.   ..  ....proof  galls. 

Starch lbs. 

Molasses,  and  Syrup.... galls, 

Sug.ar lbs. 

Tobacco.  Unmanufactured lbs, 

"        Manuf.acturesof 

Vegetables 

Wood,  and  Manufactures  of 

Wool,  and  Manufactures  of 

All  other  Articles 


Total  Exports,  Domestic  Mdse. . . . 
Exports,  Foreign  Merchandise.... 

Total  Exports,Domestic  &  Foreign 


Specie : 


Gold.. 

Silver. 


Total  ExportSjDomestic&Foreign 


Quantities. 


2,063,732,272 

1.687,126 

128,175,737 


185,511,773 

489,017,635 

1,34-1,212,273 

y00,734,785 


3,989,798 


1,700,309 

51.334,580 

17,309,241 

21,237,603 

340,742,864 


Values. 


$3,2.=;fi,063 

21,686,7.52 
3,218.S62 

26,41.5,6  7 

655,261 

6,626.896 

78. -.28.819 

19,550.514 
3,931,899 
9,S56,733 
9,03O,:.92 

39,013,951 
130,432,473 

17.340,;;3;i 
8,97-.'.519 
6,63;i.226 
420,104 
9,674.506 
3,80';,09T 
1,827,757 
1,126,465 
2,348.457 
831,162 

33,377,398 
S.ISS.olS 

4.oo:,8;;3 
83,349,575 

2.287,926 
90,582,570 


$l,853,718,0-;4 
27,13;,044 


H.  880,851. 078 


*51,399,n6 
56,739,073 


>1,98S,9S9..37 


IMPORTS. 

Merchandise  and  Specie  Imported  Ivto  the  United  States  During  the  FiscaIj  Year 

Ended  June  30,  1907. 


Articles. 


Merchandise. 

Animals 

Art  W  orks 

Books,  Maps,  Engravings,  etc 

Bristles 

Cement,  Portland,  Hydraulic. . .  .lbs. 
Clieiuicals,  Drugs,  Dyes,  ami  Medicines 

Clocks  and  Watches,  and  Parts  of 

Coal,Bituminoius tons 

Cocua,  Crude,  and  Shells  of lbs. 

Cotfee  lbs. 

Copper. anil  Manufactures  of  (not  ore) 
Cork  Wood,  and  JLinufactures  of.. . . 

Cotton,   Unmanufactured lbs. 

"       JIanufiiclures  of 

Earthen,  Stone,  and  China  Ware 

Feathers,  Flowers,  etc 

Iffrtilizers 

Ffcres.  Vegetable.  Unmanufactured. 
"      Vegetable,  Manufactures  of .. . 

'ruits  and  Nuts 

•"urs,  and  Manuf.actures  of 

Glass  and  Glassware 

Hair  Unmanufactured 

Hats,  Bonnets,  and  Materials  for 

Hides  and  Skins,  other  than  Fu'..lbs. 
India      Rubber      and      Gutta-Perclin, 

Crude lbs. 

Iron  and  Steel,  and  Mannf.actures  of.. 

Jewelry  and  Precious  Stones 

I^ady  Ore  and  Base  Bullion lbs. 


Quantities. 


1,123,763,604 


1,689,869 

92,249,819 

985,321,473 


104,791,784 


370,9»3,815 
105,948,388 

127,196,540 


Values. 


$4,344,282] 

5,867,265 

6,451,309 

3,261,877 

3,669,926 

82,997,914 

,:i,593,173 

'4.184.541 

13,:i76,562 

78,231  ,!'0i' 

39,4:8,687 

4,063,982 

19,930,98s 

73,704,636 

13.':  06,790 

9,5i>.-.,515 

5.341,4.30 

42,239,358 

67,422,4.58 

35.807,527 

21.883,667 

7,596.631 

3,038.',i96 

6,820,25'.' 

83,206,545 

70.2A8.418 

40,587,865 

44.24: .549 

3,352,534 


Articles. 


Merchandise. 

Leather,  and  Manufactures  of 

Malt  Liquors galls. 

Meats  and  Dairv  Products 

Oils „" 

Paper,  and  Manufactures  of 

"      Stock,  Crude 

Bice  .; lbs. 

Silk,  Unmanufactured 

"    M,anufactures  of t 

Spices  .  .-^. 

Spirits,  Distilled 

Sugar lbs. 

Tea lbs. 

Tin,  in  B.irs.  Blocks,  or  Pigs lbs. 

Tob.acco,  Unm  inufactured lbs, 

"        Manufactures  of 

Toys 

Vegetables 

Wines 

Wood,  and  Manufactures  of 

Wool,  Unmanufactured ibs 

"      Man\ifacturesof 

AH  other  Articles 

Total  Merchandise 

Specie:  Gold , 

"      Silver 

Total  Imports 


Quantities. 


7,207,6U 


209,603,190 


4,391, s3'l.975 

86,362,490 
96,0  3,00.=. 
39,540,3-1 


203,847,545 


Values. 


$20,393,533 

3. 40s, 763 

6,768.-132 

17.068,777 

10,727.885 

5,.-.80,528 

4.302,146 

71.411.899 

38,653.251 

5,1 1  :i, 000 

6,8^6,t;91 

92,-06,253 

13.91.%.S44 

3sin.:59 

26,055,24-i 

4.13:, 127 

6,993,.561 

5,728,472 

11,80s, 781 

42,969,133 

41,534.028 

22,32;, 237 

1.39,649,091 


1,434,421,425 


114,510,249 
42, ■.'46,624 


;,591,878,2&8 


348 


Foreign  Trade  of  the    United  States. 


FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  THE  UNITED  STXTE^— Continued. 


VALUE  OF  lir PORTS  A.^T>  EXPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE,  1881.1907. 


Vkar 
Ending 
June  30. 


lool  .  • . . , 

1882 

1883  . .... 

1884 

1885  . .... 

1886 

1887 

looo  .  • •  • , 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907  .... 


Expo  UTS. 


Uoiiifstio. 


Foreisrn. 


$883,925,947 
7^3,289.732 
804,223,632 
724,964,852 
726,682,946 
665,964,529 
703,022,923 
683,862,104 
730,282,609 
845,293,828 
872,270,283 
1,015,732,(111 
831.030,785 
869,204,937 
793,392,599 
863,200,487 
1,032,007,60.- 
1,210,291,913 
1, 203,931,2  J2 
1,370,763,571 
1,460,462,806 
1.355,481,861 
1,392,231,302 
1,435,179,017 
1,491,744,641 
1.717,963,383 
1,853,718,034 


;tl8,4.51,399 

17,302,525 

19.61o,"70 

15,548,757 

15,506,809 

13,560,301 

13,160,288 

12,092,403 

12,118,766 

12.534.856 

12,210,527 

14,546,1.37 

16,634,409 

2:- ,935 ,6.35 

14,145,566 

13,406.451 

18.985,9.53 

21,190  417 

23,092,080 

23,719,511 

27,302,185 

26,237,540 

27,910,377 

25,648,254 

26,817,025 

25,911.118 

27,133,044 


Total  Exports. 


$902,377,346 

750.542,257 

823,839,402 

740,513,609 

742.189,755 

679,524,830 

716,183,211 

695,954,507 

742,401,375 

857,828,684 

884,480,810 

1,030,278,148 

847,665,194 

892,140,572 

807,538,165 

882,606,938 

1,050,993,556 

1,231,482,330 

1,227,023,302 

1,394,483,082 

1,487,764,991 

1,381,719,401 

1,420,141,679 

1.4^0,827,271 

1,518,561,666 

1,743,864.500 

1,880,8.51,078 


Imports. 


I§642,664.628 
724,639,574 
723,180,914 
667,697,693 
577.527,329 
6.%  ,436,136 
692,319,768 
723,957,114 
745,131,652 
789,310,409 
844,916,196 
827,402,462 
866,400,922 
654,994,622 
731,969,965 
779,724.674 
764,7.S0.412 
616,049,654 
697,148.489 
849,941,184 
823,172,165 
903,320,948 
1,025,719,237 
991,087,371 
1,117,513  071 
1,226.563,843 
1,434,421,425 


Total  E.vpons 

and 

Imports. 

$1,545,041,9741 
1,475,181,8.31! 
1,547,020,3161 
1,408,211,3021 
1,319,717,0841 
1,314,960,966 
1,408,502,979 
1,419,911,621 
1,487,533,027 
1,647,139,093 
1,729,397,006 
1,857,680,610 
1,714,066,116 
1,547,135,194 
l,539,508,i:SO 
1,662,331,612 
1,815,723,9681 
1,847,532,984 
1,924,171,791 
2,244,424,2661 
2,310,937,156; 
2,285 ,040  ,.349  i 
2,445,860,916; 
2,451,914,642 
2,636,074,737) 
2,970,428,343 
3,315,272.503 


Excess  of 
Exports. 


Exress  ol! 
Imports. 


$259,712,718 
25,902,683 

100,658,488 
72,815,916 

164,662,426 
44,088,694 
23,863,443 


68,518,275 

89,564,614 

202,875,686 

237 ,145,950 
75,568,200 

102,882.264 
286,263.144 
615,432,676 
529,874,813 
544  ,.541, 898 
664,592,826 
478,398,453 
394.422,442 
469,739,900 
401.048,595 
517,300,657 
4-16,429,653 


$28,002,607 
2,730,277 


18,735,728 


The  imports  aud  exports  of  specie  are  uot  included  in  the  above  table. 

VALUE  OF  IMPORTS  INTO  AND  EXPORTS  FROM  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  MERCHAN- 
•     'DISE  BY  COUNTRIES,  YEAR  ENDED  JUNE  30,  1907. 


COUNTKIKS. 


Austria-HiiriK.iry 

Azores  and  Madeira  Islands.. 

Belgium 

Denmark , 

France 

Germany  

Gibraltar 

Greece 

Greenland,  Iceland,  etc 

Italy ,.., 

Malta,  Gozo,  etc 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Rouraania 

Russia  in  Europe 

Servia 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland '. 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland..; 

Bermuda ; 

British  Honduras 

British  North  America: 
Ne\vfoundland  and  Labrador. 
Central  American  States : 

Costa  Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Panama 

,     Salvador 

Mexico 

Miijnclon,  Liingley,  etc 

West  Indies: 

British , 

Cuba 

Danish 

Dutch. 

French 

Hayti 

San  Domingo 

Argentine  Republic 

Bolivia 

Bnzil 

ghil-f,, ..,.,,, ...,, 


Imports. 


Exports. 


$16,012,138 

29,450 

30,140,053 

1,125.^45 

127,803,445 

161,644,552 

23,21 '2 

3,086,419 

210,889 

50,455,119 

20.050 

32,454,616 

3.795.3-17 

6,47;',;,00 

6,545 

16,559,437 

6'.l,-.>97 

13,4-:6,665 

4, 171, -.'58 

26,830,480 

6,939,761 

246,112,047 

571,993 

7-4,581 

73,331,615 

l,478,i'59 

4,965,034 
3,872,53? 
2,2h6.556 
1,028,166 
1,75  •.31 4 
l,171,-.'98 
57,233,4:6 
515 

12,191,852 

97,441,690 

440,  55 

356,071 

41,019 

1,274,678 

3,  :i70,8''9 

16,715,325 

97,881,158 
18,287,029 


CoiTNTIilKS. 


$15,136,185 

179,089 

51,493,044 

23,384,989 

113,604,  t;92 

S:o6,653,060 

378,658 

1,634,4  ;l 

13,945 

61,746,965 

578,545 

104,450,319 

5,6>.2,50s 

2,787,422 

68^231 

19,778,156 

175 

21, .130,384 

9,413,649 

612,.^79j 

1,125,099 

607,783,255 

908,637: 

1,280,540 

183,20  ;,067 

2,»20,349 ! 

2,470,986 

2,848,864 

1,83 '.,056 

1,923,1111 
16,150,953 

1,603,166 

66,248,098 

49,737 

10.755,139 

49,305,274 

777,571 

711.141 

l,4-.'2,0v5 

2,316,U»4 

2,5.09,817 

32,163.3.36 

941, '.>87 

18,697,547 

10,195,657,  Total  .. 


Colombia 

Ecuador 

Guianas: 

British 

Dutch 

French  

Paraguay  

Peru 

Uruguay 

Venezuel  a 

Aden 

Chinese  Empire 

British  China 

French  China 

German  China 

.lapanese  China 

Briti.^h  E.ist  Indies 

Dutch  East  Indies 

French  East  Indies 

Hong  Kong ; 

.I.ipan 

Korea 

Persia 

Russia,  Asiatic 

Siam 

Turkey  in  Asia. 

All  other  Asia 

British  Aiistralasia 

New  Zealand,  etc 

jKrench  Oce.inica 

German  Ocean ica. 

Philippine    Islands 

!British  WeH  Africa 

British  South  Africa , 

British  East  Africa 

|Canarv   Islands , 

French  Africa 

German  Africa 

Liberia 

Mad.igascar 

Morocao 

Portuguese  Africa 

Sg^uish  Africa 

Turkev  in  Africa — Egypt,. 

Tripoli ."...., 


Imports. 


!>6,.'*08,680 
3,059,573 

1,213,813 

690,;*11 

3:^,922 

3,819 

4,95'<,202 

3.160.891 

7,852,214 

2,586,207 

33,436.542 

14,358 

5.633 

177,921 

2,114 

8.3,819,743 

11.401,065 

'2,V40,642 

68,910.5'.i4 

1,120 

470,3:;4 

1,144.745 

65,5^1 

7,666,427 

32,401 

13.4-4.331 

4,305,301 

534,876 

456 

11,510,438 

1 '-1,885 

1,573.940 

916,55 

163,070 

b36,037 

570 

106 

13,.^30 

686,513 

93,591 

16,616,706 
65,964 


Exports. 


$3,0S4,718 
1,726,289 

1,817,847 

519,504 

294,976 

173,500 

6,075,739 

3.412,785 

3,024,629 

2,110,5i6 

25,704.532 

10,736 

3C2,V31 

57,091 

1,542.841 

9,019,726 

2,041,028 

333,874 

8,332,175 

38,770.060 

1,459,223 

3,0<2 

2,004,199 

376,738 

628,716 

1,936 

25,768.627 

8,343,518 

342,226 

70.::98 

8,661, 4J4 

2,0»)l,0o8 

7,689,759 

745,505 

418.018 

1,301  ,.119 

129,782 

64,904 

'"  "i2,149 
2,865,502 

6,464 
1,226.077 

l,49d 


11,434,421,4251  $1,880,851,Q7| 


Foreign   Trade  of  the    United  States. 


849 


FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES— Co7i<mifC<?. 
IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS  AT  PRINCIPAL,  PORTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Year  Ending  .Iune  30.                      | 

Customs 

Year  Ending  .June  30. 

Cl'STOMS 

Imports. 

Exports.                1 

Imports. 

Exports. 

1906. 
$30,0S4,«53 

190T. 

1906. 

1907. 

1906. 

1907. 

1906.        1        1907. 

Baltimore 

$37,774,306 

$109,925,046 

$104,608,952 

New  York... 

$734,350,^23 

$853,696,952 

$607,136,314  $627,94^857 

Boston     anil 

Norfolk    ami 

C'h.irle.stOrtn 

106,442,077 

124,432,977 

98,739,647 

100,872,147 

rortsm'th. 

780,231 

945,678 

12,027,215 

8,359.445 

Brunswick... 

19,853 

39.393 

12,626,072 

11,225,477 

Pensacola. . . 

386,4.-.7 

606.908 

18,440.1-2 

19,218,433 

Charleston.. . 

2,751,482 

3,528,553 

3.661,285 

l,0^2,466 

Philadelph  a 

70.801.273 

79,869.942 

82,564,389 

94,832,480 

Detroit 

6..=i»6,153 

6,252,034 

.•?5,276,697 

40,485,134 

Portl'd,  Me.. 

1.232.928 

1.1111,308 

14,685,464 

14,867,172 

<;alveston 

5,018,-<76 

7,029, IS-; 

166,317,652 

237, .•^08,494 

Puget  Sound 

13.614,438 

25,353,373 

49.234,.S61 

43,659,308 

Mobile 

4.851,326 

3,9.".0.360 

21,-24,.380 

24.468,719 

Sau  Fran.... 

44,433,271 

54,094.570 

39,915,269 

3-:,0-  6,664 

New  Orleans. 

39,464,982 

46,046.772 

150,479.326 

170.56^,428 

Savannah. . . 

1,50:;.069 

2,203,8^7 

64.839,551 

63,039. H-.'4 

N'wp'rt  News 

2,630.317 

2,945,'tl9 

20,119,3;4 

14,932,671 

VVilm'n,  NO. 

503,385 

812,.'576l     18,466,929 

.    18,566,468 

GROWTH  OF  UNITED  STATES  EXPORTS. 


Fiscal  Ykar  Ending 
June  .30. 


1897 
1898, 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 


Europe. 


$813,.385,644 
973,806,245 
936,602,093 
1,040,167,763 
l,l;;6,504.605 
1,008,033,981 
1.029,256,657 
1,057,9:^0,131 
1,020,972,641 
1,2110,166,036 
1,298,452.:;80 


North  America, 


$124,958,461 
139,627,841 
157,9:n,707 
187,594,625 
196,534,460 
203,971,080 
215,482,769 
234,909,959 
260,570.2.35 
308,382,982 
349,840,641 


South  America. 


$33,768,646 
33,821,701 
35,659,902 
38,945,7rt3 
44,400,195 
38,04.3,617 
41,137,-72 
60,755,027 
5';,894,i:-;l 
75,159,781 
82,157,174 


Asia  and 
Oceanica. 


$61,927,678 

66,710,813 

78.235,176 

108,:;05,C82 

84,78.i,113 

9-,202,118 

95,827,528 

93,002,e28 

161,584,056 

140,59:;,361 

133,889,-57 


Africa  and 
OthtT  Countries. 


116,953,127 
17.515,730 
18,594,424 
19,469,849 
25,542,618 
33,468.605 
38, 436,8. =.3 
24,230,126 
18,540,603 
19,562,^40 
16,511,026 


Total. 


$1,050,993,556 
1.231,482,330 
1,227,023,302 
1,394,483,082 
1,487,764,991 
1,381, 71n,401 
1.420.141.679 
1,4G0,827,-j71 
1,518,561,666 
1,743,864,500 
1,8»  ,-51,078 


DOMESTIC  EXPORTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  BY  GREAT  CLASSES. 


Fiscal  Year 
Ending  June  30. 

Agriculture. 

Mining. 

Manufactubes. 

TiiTAl,    EXPORI.S 

OF  Domestic 
Mekchandisk. 

Values. 

Per  Cent. 

Values. 

Per  Cent. 

Values. 

Per  Cent. 

Values. 

I860 

$256,.560,972 
361.188,483 
685,961,091 
630,172.966 
632,141,490 
621.820,808 
642,751,344 
798.328,2.32 
61r.,382,986 
628,363,038 
553,210,026 
569,879,297 
683,471,139 
85:;.683,.570 
784.776.142 
83.5,858,123 
943,811,020 
851,465,622 
873,322,882 
853,643,073 
820.803,405 
969,457,306 

81.13 

79.35 
83.25 
72.96 
72.87 
74.51 
73.69 
78.60 
74.05 
72.28 
69.73 
66.02 
66.23 
70.5t 
6.5.19 
60.98 
64.62 
62.83 
62.73 
59.48 
55.03 
56.43 

$999,465 
5,026,111 
5,863,232 
15,797,885 
19,947,518 
22,297,755 
22,054,970 
20,692,885 
20,020,026 
20,449.598 
18.509,814 
20,045,654 
20.804,573 
19,410,707 
28,156,174 
37,843,742 
39,207,875 
39,216,112 
39,311,239 
45,981. ?13 
50.968.052- 
63,055,261 

.31 

1.10 

.71 

2.18 
2.73 
2.64 
2.53 
2.04 
2.41 
2.35 
2.33 
2.32 
2.01 
1.60 
2.34 
2.76 
2.68 
2.90 
2.81 
3.20 
3.42 
3.09 

$40,345,892 
68.279,764 
102,856,015 
147,187,527 
138,67.5,507 
151,102,376 
168,927,315 
159,510.1t37 
158,023,11,8 
183,728.80^ 
183.595,743 
228,571,178 
277,285,391 
290,697,3.54 
339,592.146 
433.851,756 
410,932,524 
403,641,401 
407,526,159 
45  ■-',41 5. 921 
543,607,975 
60:;,227,836 

12.76 
15.00 
12.48 
20.25 
18.99 
17.87 
19.37 
15.70 
19.02 
21.14 
23.14 
26.48 
26.87 
24.02 
28.21 
31.65 
28.14 
29.77 
29.'.'8 
31.52 
36.44 
35.11 

$316,242,423 

455,208. ::41 

823,946,353 

726,682,946 

730,282.609 

845,293,828 

672.270,283 

1,015,732,011 

831,030,785 

869,204.937 

793,392,599 

863,200,487 

1,032.007,603 

1.210,291.913 

1,203,9:!1,222 

1,370,763,571 

l,460,46v,806 

1,355.481,861 

1.3'2,2.;l,302 

1.4:;5,17',',017 

1,491,744,641 

•1  717  953  'ASi'i 

1870 

1880 

1885 

1889 

1890 

1891..... 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 ... 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900  

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905     

1906 

COMMERCE  WITH  CUBA,  PORTO  RICO,  HAWAII,  AND  THE  PHILIPPINES. 


Fiscal  Year 
Endixg 

Exports  from  the 

United  States  to — 

Imports  into  the  United  Stati's 

from — 

June  30. 

Cuba. 

Porto  Kico. 

Hawaii. 

Philippines. 

Cuba. 

Porto  Rico. 

Hawaii. 

Philippines. 

1892 

$17,953,570 
24.157,698 
20,125,321 
12,807,661 
7,530,880 
8,259,776 
9,561,656 
18,619,377 
26,513.400 
25,964,801 
26,623,500 
21,761,638 
27,377,465 
38,380,601 
47. 76;, 688 
49,305,274 

$2,856,003 

2,510,607 

2,720,508 

1.833,544 

2,102,094 

1,988.888 

1,505,946 

2,685,848 

4,640,449 

6,861,917 

10,«8-',653 

12,245,845 

11,210,060 

13,974,070 

19,224..S81 

25-Kfi6.2«.i 

$3,781 ,«28 
2,827,663 
3.306,187 
3,723.057 
3.985,707 
4,690,H75 
5,907,155 
9,305.470 

13,509.148 
No  data. 

No  dat:i. 

10,943,161 
ll,t583,.393 
11,7,53,180 
12.0-36,675 
14,435,725 

$  60,914 

154,378 

145,466 

,119,255 

li'i2,466 

94.597 

127.804 

404,193 

2,640,449 

4,1127,164 

5,258,470 

4.0.38,909 

4.832,900 

6,'200,«2i1 

5.459,444 

8,661,424 

I$77,9:;l,671 
78.706,506 
J  75.678,261 
52,871,259 
40.017,730 
18,406,815 
15,232,477 
25.408,828 
31  ..S7 1,704 
43,423,088 
34,694.684 
62.!'42,790 
76.983,418 
86,304,259 
84,979.831 
97,441,690 

$3,245,007 

4,008,623 

3,135,634 

1,506,512 

2,296,653 

2,181,024 

2.414,356 

3,179,827 

3,078,648 

5,883,892 

y, 878. 766 

11,051,195 

11,7  22,826 

15.633,145 

19,142,461 

22,070,133 

$8,075,882 
9,146,767 
10,065,317 
■  7,888,961 
11,757,704 
13,687,799 
17,187,380 
17,831,468 
20,707,903 
27  ,''03,058 
24,730.060 
56,242,-69 
25,157.255 
36,112,0,55 
2t;,882,199 
2»,071,sl3 

$6,308,653 

9,159,857 

7,008,342 

4,731,366 

4,i82,S57 

4,3-3,740 

3,830,415 

4,409,774  ■ 

6,971,208 

4,420.912 

6,612,700 

11,372,584 

12,066,934 

12.657,904 

12,:i:',7,927 

11,510,43§ 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898  

1899 

1900 

1001 

1902 ... 

1903 

1^04 

1905 

1906 

1»07 

350 


Imports  and  Exports  of  PrinGipal  Countries. 


OF   THE    PRINCIPAL 


(a^ountrCes  SHxcdltng  in  Jlrotruction 


STAPLES,    AND 
DUCED 


THE     RESPECTIVE 
THEREIN. 


QUANTITIES    PRO- 

(Compiled  in  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  from  latest  available 

oincial  data.)  .".i«L.ic 


Commodity. 


Corn 

Wheat 

Rye 

Rice 

Sugar 

Tea 

Coffee 

Cocoa  

Tobacco 

Cotton 

Wool  J 

SiIk 

Coal 

Petroleum . 
Pig  iron  . 

Steel 

Copper. . . 
Tin 

Gold 


Silver . 


1906 
1^06 
1906 
1905 

1906-7 
1906 

1906-7 
1906 
1905 

1906-7 
1906 
1906 
1906 
1906 
1906 
1906 
1906 
1906 

1906 
1906 


Bushels. 


Pounds  .... 
Tons  2,240  lbs 

Pounds 

Bags,  132  lbs. 
Pounds 

Bls.5001bs'.gs' 
Pounds 


Tons  2,000  lbs 
Bis. 42  U..S.gaI 
Tons  2,240  lbs 
Tons  2,240  lbs 
Tons  2,240  lbs 
Tons  2,000  lbs 
rOuuces. .. 
1  J>ollars. .. 
/Ounces... 
I  Dollars... 


Countries  of  Maximlm  Production. 


Country. 


Quantity. 


United  States 

i  >  It 

Rtissia ."*.'.' 

China 

Briti.sh  India 

China 

Brazil 


COLNTRIES   HOLDIX;   SECOND    PlaCB. 


Country. 


Quantity. 


United  States. 


Australia. 

China 

United  States. 


•  < 


Malay  States. 
Transvaal 


United  States. 


2,927,416,091  Argentina 

730,261,000  iRu.ssia 

668,900,000;(iermauy 

c  I  British  India. 

<?  2,223,400  JGermanv 

187,217.066  British  India., 


Venezuela. 

Ecuador 

British  India. 


h. 


20,409,180: 
60,400,000' 
633,034,000 
13.273,809'! 
480,242,885  Argentina 

3  I  Japan 

414,157,278  United  Kingdom... 

126,493,936  Russia . 

25,307,191  Germany  &  Lux'rg 

2o,24b,2ol  (4ermanj- 

429,400  Mexico '. 

54 ,.584  Bolivia 


5  6,126,960 
\  109,«67,5.)3| 
5  56,517,900, 
?  3 


38,256,400 


United  States, 
Mexico 


a  Preliminary  estimate  for  1905-06 
of  30-40  million  bushels,    for 

estimated  at  50-60  thousand  m ^ ,.,     , 

£""fili'^'^i^\.^l':^i^'l"-^^^.*i^?*c«of  production.    /Preliminary  estimate  for '1906-07 


a  195,000,000 
b  506,000,000 
378,948,000 
[^49,947,632,000 
y  2.214 ,500 
221488,120 
714,918 
54,900,000 

g  450  000,000 

3,546,000 

828,727,906 

21,544,827 

281,176,906 

59,043,829 

12,487,067 

10,959.111 

60,627 

19,425 

5      4,565  338 

}     94,373,800 

\    55,225,277 

\    36,932,359 


1905-06.    6  p:xclusive  of  Transcaucasia  with  an  annual  nroductinn 

which  no  data  are  available,      c   Pioduction  luik.mwn.  ^  RoSv 

uUiou  pounds,     d  Cleaned  rice,     e  Official  estimates  for  such  mrfs  Kf 


for  such  parts  of 
g  Unofhcial 


estimate,    h  Exports  and  mill  consumpUon     7  Exports     TpVoductiouuX^ 

silk  (mcludmg  wild  silk)  from  China  during  1906  were  14,731  467  £       ""l-^'own.    ii^xports  ol  raw 

o>,,.X?fJ''^' w'"^^^'^^?'P^^P^^^^  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Department  of  Commerce  and  T  nhnr 
wi^et'ra^dr^r'^Su^lu^deV:"""^^^  movement  of  the  principai  po^ts  of  the  ^orir"iru're^'o'f'^coa"s[: 


Port. 


New  York 

Antwerp 

t  Hong  Kong- Victoria 

Hamburg 

London 

Liverpool 


Year. 


*1906 
1905 
1904 
1905 
1905 
1905 


Entered. 
Tons. 


10,476,993 
9,861,528 
9,680,642 
9,417,449 

10,814,115 
7,806,844 


Cleared. 
Tons. 

9,913.960 
9,800,149 
9.652,454 
9,525,418 
7,913,1151 
6,932.687 1 


Port. 


Shanghai... . 
Rotterdam., 
t  Singapore. 

Cardiff. 

Colombo..... 
Marseilles... 


Year. 


Entered. 
Tons. 


•  Fiscal  year,     t  Exclusive  of  Chinese  iunks  en 
vessel.s^entered  in  1904  was  1,524,874.    t  Exclusive 
under  fifty  tons,  but  inclusive  of  vessels  engaged  in 


1905 
1904 

1904 
1905 
1905 
19o4 


7,195,906 
7,181,374 
6,175,905 
4.-3.37,720 
5,179.045 
5,061,912 


Clraied. 
Tons. 

"7449456 
6,764,960 
6,155,848 
7,476,879 
5,139,749 
4,645,467 


gaged  in  the  foreign  trade.  The  tonnage  ol  tliese 
of  warships,  transports,  native  crait,  and  vessels 
trade  between  the  Straits  Settlements 


^Imports  antr  25.vportis  of  }|rinctpal  (Srountrics. 

(Compiled  from  the  report  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics.  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.) 


COBNTKIES. 


Argentina 

Australian 

.Austria-Hungari'  •  • 

B<'lgium 

Bulgaria 

Canada 

Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Chile . 

China 

Denmark 

Kgypt 

France 

Germany 

Greece 


Yrs 


Imports. 


1906 

1905 

1906 

19(J6 

1905 

19N6 

1906 

1905 

1906 

19061 

1906 

11906; 

;i906| 

1 19061 


f260,.522.0(M) 

186.614.000 

4o6,709,000 

644.024.000 

25,.594,000 

287,207,000 

&3.012,000 

71,868,000 

335,191,000 

150,000,000 

118.685,000 

1,009,279,000 

1,868,426,000 

27,686,000 


a  Inclusive  of  bullion 
only,    c  General  imports. 


Exports. 

~$2827)2M00 
276,617,000 
469  521,000 
517,499,000 
28,5,56,00flj 
2.^^,4S4.0()0l 
192 ,8.58,  (KM)  i 
103,223,0001 
193,185,000 
158,897,000' 
122,968,000 
97.3.427.000 

1,457,750,000 
22,785,0001 


Countries. 


rndia,  British  h 

rtaly 

•I^apan 

Mexico  n 

Netherlands 

Norway  

Portugal 

Russia .. 

Spain 


Yrs. 


1906 
1906 
1906 
1906 
11906 
1906 
11905 
11906 
1906 


Sweden  !l905 

Switzptland 11906 

United  KhiL'dom  c...  1906 

.United  States  c 1906 

Uruguay.. 119041 


Imports. 

~$3,347!79T0O0 
466,740,000 
208.5.54,000 
109,S84,(-:00 

1,0XS  ,576,000 
89,995,000 
65,543,000 
319.255,000 
169,641,000 
1.5.3,780,000 
273.792.000 

2,958,289,000 

1,320,502,000 
21,9.38,000l 


Exports. 


$513,186,000 

35},;!1W,000 

208, 754. 0(H) 

135,027,000 

801.493,000 

60,313,000 

31,396.000 

514  673,000 

195,31,5,000 

120,6.57,000 

207,4.50,0(10 

1,827.737,000 

1,772,716,000 

39,764,000 


and  .specie,    6  Years  ending  March  31,1896  and  1906.    Sea-borne  trade 


l^nUit  13tU  ot  ti)t  WiniUtf  ^tatcn. 


351 


OFFICIAL  STATEMEN' 

INTEBEST-BEABIKG   DEBT. 

Consols  of  1930,  2  per  cent 3646,23'J,150.00 

Loan  of  1908-1918.  3  per  cent, 63,945,460.00 

Loanof  19-25,  4  percent 118,489,900.00 

Panama  Caualloau 30,000,000.00 

Aggregate  of  interest-bearing  debt..  $858,685,610.00 


Debt  on  which  Interest  has  Ceased  since 
Maturity. 

Asreresrate  debt  on  which  interest  has 


cea.sed  since  maturity. 


$6,930,955.26 


Debt  Bearing  No  Interest. 

United  States  notes $346,681,016.00 

Old  demand  note?  ..  53,282.50 

National  bank  xiotes:  Redemption  ac- 
count      47,239,336.50 

Fractional  currency 6,863,549. 28 


Aggregate  of  debt  bearing  no  interest.  $400,837,184. 28 


Certificates  and  Notes  T.ssuedon  DEpasiTs 
OF  Coin  and  Legal-tknokr  Notes  and 
Purchases  of  Silver  Bullion. 

Gold  certificates $748,637,869.00 

Silver  certificates 471,527,000.00 

Treasury  uotesof  1890 5,6j3,OOO.oo 

Aggregate  of  certificates  andTreas- 
urj'  notes,  otfset  by  ca.sli  in  the 
Treasury $1,225,777,869.00 


r  OF  NOVEMBER  1,  1907. 

Cla.ssificatio.v  of  Dkbt  November  1, 1907. 

Interest-bearing  debt $8o8.685,5l0.00 

Debt  on  which    interest  has  ceased 

since  maturity 6.930,955.26 

Debt  bearing  no  interest 400,837 ,1'44. 26 

Aggregate  of  interest  and  non- interest 
bearingdebt $1,266,45.%649.54 

Certificates  and  Treasury  notes  oHset 
bv  an  equal  amount  ot  ca.sh  in  the 
Treasury 1,225.777,869.00 

Aggregate  of  debt.  Including  certifi- 
cates and  Trea-sury  note"" $2,492,231,518 . 54 

Cask  inthk  Trkasukv. 

Gold  certificates $748,637,869.00 

Silver  certificates 471,527.000.00 

Treasury  notes  of  1890... .      5,613,000.00 

1,255,777,869.00 

National     bank    5    per 
cent,  fund $20,408,539.24 

Outstanding  checks  and 
drafts 13,191,472.59 

Disbursing  otficers'  bal- 
ances          71,772,294.63 

Post-Office  Department 
account 7,675,991,48 

Miscellaneous  ilem.s 2,229,939.78 


^Q  ^  Q  T  "V  Q 

fund $150,000,000.00 

Available 
cash  bal- 
ance   231,470,287.02 


115,278,234.72 


237,227,019  18 

Aggregate $1,728,283,122.90 

Cash  balance  in  the  Treasury  Novem- 
ber 1, 1907,  exclusive  of  reserve  and 
trust  funds $237,227,019.18 


It 
it 

it 
it 

it 
1 1 
it 
it 
i  t 
it 
i  t 
it 
i  i 


1792  Jan.  1. 

1793  " 

1794  " 
1795 
1796 
1797 
1798 
1799 
1800 
1801 
1802 
1S03 
1804 
1805 
1806 
1807 
1S08 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1812 
1813 
1814 
1815 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1830 


i  i 
i  i 


it 
•  t 
tt 
1 1 
it 
it 


principal  of  tlje  puiblic  BttU 

United  States  on  Jcvtuiary  1  of  each  Year  from 
^  to  1886,  iiirlnaive;  on  Beeernlier  1  C^  earh  Year 
'.  to  1907,  incltoitw,  except  December  1, 1906. 

.§77,217,924.  66  ilSSlJan.  1  ...    $39,123,191.  681870  July  1 $2,480,672,427.81 

.80,352,634.041832     ''        ....      24,322,235. 181871     "        2,353,211,332.32 

.  78,427,404. 77 !1833    "        ....         7,001,698. 83il872     ''       2,253,251,328.78 

.  80,747,58,7.391834    "        ....         4,760,082.081873     "        2,234,482,993.20 

.  83,762,172. 07!l835    "■        ....               37,513. 05'lG)74     "        2,251,690,468.43 

.82,064,479.331836    "■  ....  •          336,957.83,1875     "        ......  2,232.284,531.95 

.  79,228,529.121837    "  ....         8,308,124.071876     ''        ......  2, 180, 3ii5, 067.15 

.  78,408,669.771838    *'        ....      10,434,221.141877     "        2,205.301,392.10 

.  82,976,294.351839    "        ....         3,573,343.821878     "        2,256,205,892  53 

.  83,0:^,050. 80;i840    "        ....         5,250,875.541879     "        2,340,567,232.04 

.   86,712.632.251841     "•        ....       13,594,480.731880     "        2,128,791,054.63 

.   77,054,686.301842    »'        ....       26,601,226.281881     "•        2,077,389,253  58 

.  86,427,120.881843  July  1....       32,742,922.001882     "        1,926,088,678  03 

.   82,312,150.501844     "        ....      23,461,652.501883     "        1,892,547,412.07 

.  75,723,270.661845    "        ....       15,925,303.011884     "        1,838,904,607.57 

.  69,218,398.641846    "        ....       1.5,550,202.971885     "        1,872,340,557.14 

.  65.196,317.9711847    "        ....      38,826,534.771886     "        1,783,438,697.78 

.57.023,192.091848    "•      '....      47,044,862,231887  Dec.  1 1,664,461,536.38 

.  53,173,217.521849    "        ....      63,061,858.691888     "        1,680,917,706.23 

.  48,005,587.761850    "        ....      63,452,773.551889    "        1,617,372,419.53 

.   45,209,737.901851    "•        ....      68,304,796.021890     "        1,549,20*5,126.48 

,  55,962,827.571852    "        ....      66,1V)9,341. 71 1891     ''        1,546,961,695.61 

.  81,487,846.241853    "        ....      59,803,117.701892     "        1,563,612.455.63 

.    99,833,660.151854     '*        ....       42, 242, 222. 42  1893  Nov.  1 1, 549,  .55(i,  353.63 

.127,334,933.741855    ''        ....      35,586,858.561894     "        1,626,154,037.68 

.123,491.965.161856    "        ....      31,972,537.901895     "        1,717,481,779.90 

.103,466,633.8318.57     "        ....       28,699,831.851896     "        1,785.412,640.00 

.  95,529,648.281858    "        ....      44,911,881.031897    '•        1,808,777.643.40 

.   91,015,566.151859     "•        ....       58,496,837.881898     "        1,964.837,130  90 

,   89,987.427.661860    "        ....       64,842,287.881899     "        2.092,686,024.42 

.93,546,676.981861     "       ....       90,580,873.  72 19<0     "       2,132,373.03117 

.90,875,877.281862     "       ....    524,176,412.131901     "       2,151,585,743.89 

.  90.269.777.771863    "■       ....1,119,772,138.631902     "       2.175,246,168.89 

.  83.788.432.711864     "       ....1,81.5,784,370.571903     "        2,218.883,772.89 

.   81,0.54,059.991865     "•        ....2,680,647,869.741904     "       2.304,697,418.64 

.   73,987,357.201^*66    "•       ....2,773,236,173.691905     "       2.293,846,382.34 

, .  67,475, 043.  87 1867    "■        ....  2, 678. 126, 103.87 1906  Dec.  1 2, 429, 370. 04.  .54 

,.  68,421,413.671868     "•  ... .2,611,687,  8.51.19 1907 Nov. 1 2,492,231,518.54 

..  48,565,406.501869     ",     ....2,588,452, 213.94i 


352 


Public  Debt  of  the  States,  Cities,  Counties. 


PuiJlic  23ciJt  of  ti)c  <^t«itcs,  (Attics,  (S:ountics, 


AND    MINOR    CIVIL    DIVISIONS    IN    THE    UNITED 

(Statement  by  the  Bureau  of  The  Census,  1906.) 


STATES. 


Indkbtkdness    Less  Sinking   Fund  Assets. 

Total. 

Per  capita. 

190'.' 

1890. 

1880. 

1902. 

1S90. 

State  or  Tekhitoky. 

Ae'.;Teg:ate 
Debts. 

Debts  or 
States.* 

Uebtso£  Cities 

Counties  and 

Minor  C^lvil 

Divisions. 

1880. 

Nortli  Atlantic  Div. 

Maine 

]S'e\v  Hampshire 

Vermont. 

!t)946,604,780 

15.046  819 

11,413,234 

5,216  774 

209,  V  62,910 
28,150,226 
31,887,835 

436,683,365 
81.147.209 

127,296,408 

159,834,215 

4,144,634 

30,643,317 

14,540,191 

48,106,325 

4,767,776 

15,348,108 

15,751,327 

21,285,731 

5,246,806 

$82,777,688 

2,785,383 

1,551,148 

362,946 

65,964,005 

2,619,928 

1,677,964 

7,498,239 

156,550 

374,625 

52,270,418 

762,092 

4,942,394 

'""24,171^863 

$863,827,092 

12,261,436 

9,862,086 

4,853,828 

143,798,905 

25,530,298 

30,209,871 

429,185,126 

81,203,759 

126,921,783 

$470,078,913 

15,772,146 

8,148,362 

3,785,373 

84,094,876 

12,998,661 

23,724,510 

201,255,570 

49  257,740 

71,041,675 

$540,840,297 
23,235,980 
10,792,583 
4.499,188 
91,909  651 
12,971,063 
22,001,661 

218,845,804 
49,382,675 

107,201,692 

$43.36 
21.46 
27.27 
15.08 
72.72 
62.67 
33.89 
57.55 
40.82 
19.55 

S27  02 
23  86 
21.64 
11.39 
37.66 
37.62 
31.79 
33.65 
34.09 
13.51 

$37.28 
35.81 
31.10 
13.54 
51.55 
46.91 
35.33 
43.06 
43.66 
25.03 

Massachusetts 

Khode  Island 

Connecticut 

IS^ewYork 

Kew  Jersej'. 

Pennsylvania 

South  Atlantic  Div. 

Delaware 

]MaryluiKl 

Dist.ot  Columbia... 
Virginia 

107,563,797 

3,382,542 

25,700,923 

14,540,191 

23,934,462 

4,767,7';6 

8,593,180 

9,020,888 

13,409,529 

4,214,306 

166,685, .368 

2,919,084 

41,898,651 

19,781,050 

52,222,126 

2,532,460 

11,123,638 

13,659,645 

20,272,095 

2,276,619 

167,919,910 

2,371,296 

41,429,179 

22,498,328 

45,518,776 

1,640.935 

17,962,535 

14,185,060 

19,648,265 

2,665,541 

14.85 

22.04 

25.18 

50.42 

25.40 

4.78 

7.88 

11.43 

9.29 

9.36 

18.82 

17.32 

40.20 

85.86 

31.54 

3.32 

6.87 

11.87 

11.03 

6.81 

22.10 

16.17 

44.31 

126.66 

30.09 

2.65 

12.83 

14.25 

12.74 

9.89 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

tenth  Carolina 

Georgia 

6,754,928 
6,730,439 
7,876.202 
1,032,500 

Florida 

Is'orth  Central  Div. . 
Ohio 

468,862,168 

117,230,101 

34,827,941 

80,715,039 

34,838,727 

22,347,683 

'  40,683,737 

17,439,904 

50,396.922 

5.608,158 

•6,584,351 

22,415,041 

35,774,494 

28,831  .If'O 

4,685,016 

2,913,767 

2,155,122 

6,566,366 

2,278,068 

1,755,033 

49,589 

4,365  635 

968,330 

457,263 

2,005,001 

632,000 

440,030,978 

112,545,085 

31,914,164 

78,559,937 

28,272,361 

20.069,615 

38,928,704 

17,390,375 

46,031,287 

4,639.828 

6,127,088 

20,410,040 

35,142,494 

320,934.194 
70,927,147 
24,471.528 
42,468,138 
16,941,928 
10,420,731 
26,237,825 
11,275,319 
51,557,568 
3,854,514 
6,613,702 
15,536  772 
40,629,022 

246,058,507 

53,044,175 

18,352.649 

46,388,888 

12,055,902 

12,085,984 

11.328,433 

8,137,767 

60,263,761 

131,726 

867,134 

7,489,974 

15,912,114 

17.34 
27.55 
13.49 
16.08 
14.07 
10.48 
22.07 
7.84 
15.79 
15.31 
15.56 
21.01 
24.42 

•  11.86 

10.32 

15.79 

14.32 

5.24 

26,34 

3.13 

1.53 

7.99 

11.35 

14.36 
19.32 
11.16 
11.10 

8.09 
6.18 
20.15 
5.90 
19.24 
21.10 
20.11 
14.67 
28.47 

12.32 
10.46 
16.71 
12.53 

4.81 
29.80 

6.73 

14.17 

16.69 
9.28 

15.07 
7.36 
9.19 

14.61 
6.01 

27.79 
3.57 
8.82 

16.66 

15.97 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

"Wisconsin 

Minnp.snfa  ,. 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Korth  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Central  Div.. 
Kentucky 

173,776,<)f;8 

22,748.773 

32,717,130 

27,(192,343 

8,403,920 

•   37,777,047 

4,225,715 

665,129 

3,696,326 

36,449,685 

115,118,595 

8.920,689 

3,883,823 

2.566,260 

•  22,066,653 

4,579,516 

6,591,834 

6,612,568 

1,184,189 

29,5.56,7:^4 

11,302,400 

17,853,929 

55,073,705 
2,198,482 

17,984,468 

12,726,569 
2,8.7,124 

13,592,795 
1,191,382 

509^766 

3  993,11H 

118,702,363 
20,550,291 
14  732,662 
14,365,774 

5,526,796 
24,184,252 

3,034.333 
665,129 

3,186,560 
32,456  566 

135.153,789 

19,432,885 
29,543,843 
18,956,149 

6,192,927 
33,335,497 

7,599,835 

143,982,958 
14,982,449 
40,750,137 
18,007,774 
4.955,789 
42,865,471 
10,733,140 

16.14 

9.09 
26.42 
14.26 

4.38 
45.60 
13.37 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Arkansas 

Indian  Territory  . . . 

Oklahoma 

"'8.'99 

14.88 

■22.16 

18.89 

27.14 

22.95 

18.44 

49.28 

5.85 

21.52 

9.78 

7.90 

12.89 

Texas 

20,092,653 

11,688,198 

7.34 

Western  Division... 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

15,361,189 

1,203,769 
324,174 
300,530 

3,797,329 
998,923 

3,099,333 
974,492 
243,904 

1,271,391 
236,267 

2,911,077 

99,757.406 

7,716,920 

3,559,649 

2,265,730 

18,269,324 

3,580,593 

3,492,501 

5.638  076 

940,285 

28,285,343 

11,066,133 

14,942,852 

45,066,604 
2.926,268 
1,594,333 
1,647,381 
9,458,331 
2,831,538 
2,937,971 
1,217,501 
985,165 
3,418,798 
2,479,869 

15,569,459 

24,476,975 

765,248 

229.882 

205,462 

3,627,742 

84,872 

377,501 

116,251 

1,399,765 

239,311 

848,502 

16.582,439 

26.84 
33.87 
22.02 
26.66 
39. 06 
22.64 
50.76 
22.81 
27.97 
53.71 
26,11 
11.60 

23.72 

13.85 

19.54 

7.06 

988 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

18.67 
0.71 
9  33 

Utah 

0  81 

Nevada 

22  48 

Washington 

Oregon 

3.19 

4  86 

California 

19  18 

Continental  United 
States 

1,864,195,826 

234,314,19(1 

1,629,881,636 

1,137,918,868 

1,123,278,647 

18.17 

22.40 

towns,  townships, 


Minor  civil  divi.sion.s  included  in  the  third  column  above  embrace  villages, 
precincts,  fire  di.stricts,  irrigation  districts,  poor  districts,  school  districts,  etc. 
*  Combined  funded  and  floating  debt  in  1902. 
Sinking  Fund  A.'^skts  of, St  axes,  1902.  —The  following  States  in  1902  maintained  sinking  funds 


I)ideht€(hiess  and  Finances  of  N'at'ioJis. 


353 


JIntrciJtrtrnrsJS  antJ  jFinanccs  of  Xattons. 

(From  Summary  prepared  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.) 


COCNTUIKS. 


Ar_eiitiu.i 

Australasia  ; 

Aiistruli:i,  Commonwealth  of. 

Austra'in,  States 

KfW  Zeaiaiui 

Austria-Hungary 

Austria.   

Hcigary 

Bt'l  :iuin 

Blivii 

Brazil 

Bill  J  aria 

Canada 

Central  Am-ric:i: 

Costa  liica 

(iuatemala 

Ho  diiras 

Nicar  I'zua 

SalTador 

Chile 

China 

Colom'jia  

C'lba 

Denmark , 

Ecuador 

E,'y!>t 

Fr.ince 

Algeria .. 

.  Tunis 

*  Freiuh  East  Indies , 

GtTiiian  ICmpire 

States 

Colonies  . 

Gre-ce 


H.-iyti.. 

India  (IJriLish) 

Italy 

Jap  n...      

I"-  rmosi 

Co  -' .  Free  State 

Korea  

I.ux.'mliurg    

M  xieo  

Keth  -rlan  Is 

l);it.-h  East  Indies 

Ditch  possessiuns  in  America. 

Korw.ay 

I'ai  a:juay 

Persia 

Peru 

Portugal .. 

Po  tii^ose  Colonies 

Roiimania 

Russia    

Fi  ilar.d 

Santo  Domingo 

Servia 

Si;im 

Spain 

Sweden , 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

United  Kingdom 

British  Colonies 

Uruguay    .*. . 

Venezuela 


Reve>tk  and  Expenditukes. 


Tear 


1906 


19(.:4-5 
1V05-6 
19ili 
19116 
1906 
1906 

;s'.i6 

1906 

19h6 

1905-D 

1905-6 

1905 

1<'05 

1905 

190 1 

1906 

1905 

1906 

190 -.-6 

)  ■.06-7 

190; 

1906 

1905 

1906 

1906 

1905-6 

1906-7 

190d-4 

1906-7 

1906 

19  5-6 

1905-6 

19i5-6 

1906-7 

1906-7 

1906 

1906 

1901-7 

190.5-6 

19015-7 

1906 

1908 

1905-5 

1906 

1904-5 

r.iOi 

1905-6 

1905-6 

190I-.-7 

1905 

1905 

1905 

1905-6 

1905-6 

1906 
1906-7 
1905 
1905-5 
1905-6 
1905-6 
1906-7 
1904 


Total $8,>t71,2~7,021'  $8,98^,727.487 


Revenue. 


$101,915,0.J5 


165.74S,?31 

37.'-':".t,--'0v 

72,0^8.1.78 

369,865,472 

261,981.691 

107,860.738 

4.963,773 

118,3>8.5.S6 

22,764,900 

78,006,599 

3,401,-391 

2,'.73,£SO 

1,420,875 

1,632,801 

3,764.571 

56,-49,'!78 

25,841,699 

10,632,:  89 

19,609,7  46 

12,919,541 

5,931,.300 

67,3!?2.304 

715,074,34! 

18,440,642 

14,i>48  2-7 

24,603;4n 

570,?.63,]37 

bl,081,271,9S5 

3,138,700 

19,743,277 

4,278,8G0 

412,825,000 

47o,5o5,-00 

246,362,944 

12,833,510 

5,684,376 

3,727,:^SS 

3,233.690 

51,269,008 

71,451,78^ 

61,lCl9,l;i6 

1,720,158 

26,821,673 

2,126,746 

7,ii56,000 

12.197,3j7 

02,064,000 

10,165,000 

46,110,834 

1,451,308,000 

20,  ••.60,8 19 

l',427,^02 

17,216.96.) 

16,0.85,871 

17.-, 767,678 

51,826,000 

V4,955.530 

14,212,326 

700.666,869 

14:1,722,000 

l'8,'V:l,770 

1 0,721 ,3b'o 


E-prnditure. 


Debt. 


$98,379,633 


ir4,971,2S4 

:J4,6(."o,^  .0 

72,008,0'8 

SK9,-65.569 

262,995,860 

109,366,961 

5,575.441 

113,427.944 

22.764,000 

54,061, :>J5 

3.401,391 

3,5:;2,935 

1,436,84-J 

1,:'42,600 

4,430,027 

56,-^49,978 

25,841,699 

10,632,:;n9 

18,997,i63 

23,016,117 

6,417,500 

64,886,665 

715,874,069 

18,421,431 

14,9-9,509 

24,i,;03,417 

572,600,-260 

cl,014,632,0.i6 

3,424,300 

19,54  1,468 

4.1'14.415 

4C4,':60,000 

440,50:5,700 

240,362,944 

12,833,5111 

6,610,404 

3.967,759 

3.375,257 

48,314,646 

74.760.449 

64,957.370 

2,261,2.-,0 

26.911,111 

1,873,304 

7,0.-6,000 

12,555,720 

63,09ti,000 

10,242,000 

45,883,673 

1,6.^0,448,000 

2:;,2;6,364 

2,399,811 

17,20^^64 

15,8r,l,9J5 

165,674,506 

51.826,000 

2-J,526,'."j3 

14,212,326 

683,801,4:0 

^     153,566,_28 

18,819,027 

10,214,026 


Year. 


1906-7 


1905 
1906 
1906 
1906 
1905 
1:'06 
1906 
1906 
1906 
1907 

1906 
19  6 

1905-6 
1905 
1906 
1905 
1906 

1905-6 
1907 
l;06 
1906 
1905 
1906 
1905 
1907 

1905 
1905 

1906 
1905 
1'.  05 
19u6 


1906 
1906 
1907 


1906 
1906 
1906 
1 90", 

1!;06 

1906 
1906 
1;06 
1906 
1905 
1906 
1906 
1<:0> 
19  16 
190J 
1906 
1906 
1906 
1906 


Total. 


$444,44.0,067 


1,12'^, 632, 767 

306,059,246 
1,092,863,255 

818,096,120 
1,102,742,776 

621.640,28.-. 
2.977,924 

542,213,359 
73.45'^805 

253,997,742 

50.962,242 

14,148,366 

104,33.>,589 

6,330,739 

4,60-.',361 

95,720,654 

597,19l',000 

l;',541,567 

47,695,35' 

64,-.31,713 

14,737,2911 

468,314,391 

5,655,134,825! 

6,3-3,838 

46,263,300 


855,963,4.-4 
2,957, 356, S46 


167,052,145 

•4,810,673 

l,li7,92:!,::63 

2,767,911,94 

932,445,798 


2,316,000 
2-2,05^18I 
458.069,211 


91,764.945 
12,a03,b9. 
16,737,500 
15.2.6,000 
864,701,627 


27V. --'47,239 

4,0:j8,li-9,72-i 

27,073,900 

3  ,236,731 

88,971,135 

4,.H66,5^0 

1,829,265,995 

102,059, :;8S 

ilH, 787.648 

4.58,603,213 

3,839,620,745 

M:  2,510,084 

125,585,243 

45,160,402 


'36,548,455,4.-<9 


Interest 

Per 

Cent 


-0 
-5 
-4 

-5  k 

-4  k 


2Jf-3 
d 

4  -6 

5  -6 

9K-5 

4  '-8 

5  -10 
4  -6 
4  -5 
4>i-5 

4  '-7 
3  -10 

5  -6 
3 
4 
3 
3 
3 


-4 

-7 


3    -3>g 

3  -4 

2  k-5 

2K-4>$ 

3  -5 

4  -6 


3H 
3    -5 

2K-3 


3 
6 
1 

-4V. 


Intere.st  .'.nd 
other  Annual 

Charges. 

$30,221,928 


44,122.954 
10,157,379 
48,21-1,714 
42.157,2;;8 
44.366,029 
24,925,698 

d 
34,787,569 
6,187,650 
13,145,047 

403,281 
1,960,022 

162,164 

191,5;:I9 

1,696,440 

5,113,942 

30,91 2,000 

827  993 

2,5Bl,721' 

2,127,120 

1,439,200 

22,745,783 

237,855,497 

737,440 
1,524,677 


30,368,300 
120,537,100 


5.3:7,795 
2.250,363 

37,593,616 
130,-03,281 

72,752,-.94 


160,893 
12,-.77,73.1 
14,718,505 


3,758,975 

15';,952 

900,000 

129,478 

21,369,000 


sy.-iy. 

16,086,601 

3    -6 

172,385,884 

3   -zy. 

1,205,734 

2^-4 

1.056,734 

4    -5 

5,561,999 

^'A 

218,993 

2X,-5 

69, 56,706 

3    -3% 

3,684, m;2 

■6y 

1,037,642 

33^-:. 

9.49-',450 

2>^-2^ 

150,295.210 

•'•K-^i 

23,802.418 

3>^-5 

6,6.57,3  2 

3 

2,756,000 

'$1..550.43:<,03S 


(a>  Included  in  bu.lgets  of  Stales,  (b)  Esclu-^ive  of  $1  4,771  ..300  coutributed  to  the  Imperial  ireasury.  (c)  Exclns  ve 
of  .>tl31,46",154  tra'i-^ferre  I  by  the  Imperial  Treasur.-  to  the  vaioiis  States,  (d)  laternal.debt  O'ly  j  fie  forVign  .Ipl.t  has  been 
taken  over  by  Chile,     (e)     Exclusive  of  the  railroal  debt,     it)    A  part  of  which  is  guaranteed  by  the  home  •rove.nmeut. 


These  are  the  latest  estimates 

United  States $116. 000. 000,000 

Grf-at  Britain  and  Ireland 62.200,000,000 

France  (  rurgnam) 42,  SOO.  000, 00<J 

Germany 42,000,000.000 

Russia 35,000,000,000 

Aastrla-Hunfirary , 20,000.000.000 


WEALTH    OF    NATSOMS. 


Italy  (Nitti) $13,000,000,000 


Reliciuin. 

Spain 

N"etlierlan(.ls. 

Portugal 

Switzerland. 


6,800,000.000 
5,400.000,000 
5,000.000,000 
2,500.000,000 
3,400.000,000 


354:  Jjlst  of  Appropriations  hi/    Congress,  1902-1908. 


JJtsntrttr  BctJts  antr  ^s.iics.acTr  Ualiiation.<3  of  .States, 


Statks  and 
Tkeritoriks. 

V.ihiation 
Realty  Property. 

Va!iial!Oii 
Personal  Property. 

Total  Assesseil 
Vahiatioti. 

Per.  Ct. 

Actu:<l 
Aa'ue. 

Tax 
Kate  Per 

$1,000. 

Bonded 
Debt. 

Alabama 

$255,301,787 

19'9,'378.'648 
1,429,553,234 

452;  boo,' 000 

24'7'3d6,'494 

89.081,434 

339,143,931 

785! 861.540 
1,002.182,539 
470,915,900 
269.154,500 
487,835.250 

292;464>11 

2,668.'i'i6',610 
1/243,066,836 
873,585.056 
131,315.281 
988.454,850 
116.167,939 
192.933.917 
32.241,372 

19'.  786",  671 

7,933.052,957 

233,438,178 

125,323,154 

1,451,067.020 

52.365,888 

104,958,302 

3,520,136.662 

366,794,089 

130,516,016 

344;. 51 91946 
743,559.216 

139.' 749, 702 
31 6,. 563. 279 
471.712,181 
475.000,000 
1,146.813.692 
36,400.505 

$195,397,886 

102.' 802'.  915 
449,107,801 

3i3,6b6,'000 

31  .'507  "929 

(r)  .52. 937, 437 

(?)  360,392,948 

34b.'8b'i.'617 
595,377,548 
119.527,556 
1.56.126.714 
143.313,606 

74, '649 ,103 

l,70'i,'8'5i;857 

:'.5.5,868.770 

163, 432, 357 

63,236,476 

(?)  564,228,581 

135,159,028 

135,823.662 

12,223,625 

........        1 

23,462.076 

632.321,477 

(?)  255.224.390 

42,029,884 

662.739,148 

44.259.716 

83,101,939 

885,241,678 

110,560.619 

(r)  119,018,406 

(?)  130,' 346,' 703 
395,463,514 

4"4.'i3'8.'36S 
107,270.401 
101.358.347 
375.000.04)0 
237,767.063 
(?•)  28,018,673 

$450,529,553 

76,000,000 

302,181,563 

1,878,661,0;'.5 

465,000,000 

(.r)  791,769,979 

(c)  76,000  000 

278,814,423 

142,018,871 

699,536,879 

80,707,903 

1,126.063,157 

1,597,560,088 
590,443,456 
425,281,214 
644,489,000 
459,271,270 
366.514,014 
765,109,228 

4,370,962,467 

1,598.935,606 

1,037.017,413 
222,847,525 

1,552,683,431 

251,326,967 

328,757,579 

44,464,997 

(X)  238,128,476 

918,418,741 

43,242,746 

8,565,379.394 
488,662,568 
196,462,,584 

2,113,806,168 

96,625,604 

188,058,281 

4,405,378,339 
477,354,708 
249,534,422 
173.206,733 
474,866,649 

1,139,022,730 
146.204,050 
183,888,070 
423,842.680 
573070,.52S 
850,000,000 

1,384,580,755 
64,419.178 

60 
50 
50 

Fli'ii. 

"67 
40 
65 
40 
Full. 
(50 
25 
25 

Fi'i'ii. 

'83 
50 

■33^ 
100 
20 

ibo 
'26 
'  75 

25 
60 
25 
331/^ 

■75 
50 

ib'6 
'ec 

Full. 

"60 
80 
75 
331^ 

!?6.50 
7.  50 
6.75 

'4.50 

15;  00 
5. 00 
5.00 

'5.00 
17.00 
3.90 
9.30 
5.00 
5.00 
2.50 
1.60 

"2. 81 

'6.00 
1.70 
2.50 
7.00 

•  •  •  » 

•  •  •  ■ 

14. 00 
1.54 
4.30 
5.30 
1.35 
6.50 
5.45 

"i!  80 
5.00 
3.20 

3.50 
3.80 
5.00 
1.30 
4.00 
6.70 
.85 
11.27 
6.50 

$16,194,000 

A  rizona 

3,123,275 

A  rkansas . 

1  250  500 

California 

(5)6,325,000 

("olorado(d) 

fonnecticiit 

Delaware 

2,300,000 
876,100 
756.785 

Dist.  of  Columbia.  .. 
Florida  (a)     

11,103,750 
601  567 

Georgia 

7  136  000 

Idabo  (a)    

1.029  000 

Illinois    

rs  oii^ 

liidiaiia  {b) 

Iowa 

1,026,163 

None 

Kansas 

Kentucky  (b) 

I-ouisiana  (a) 

ISfaine  (/<) 

623.000 

26,000 

11,108.000 

(u)  1  095.000 

iMarvland 

(r)  5,978,926 

?irassacIiusetts(o).. 

iMicbigan  (a) 

ISIiiinesota 

w;)74.921,656 
None. 
550,000 

I\rississippi  (d) 

I^Iissoiiri 

2.887,026 
None. 

INIontana 

None. 

Nebr.nska 

None. 

Nevada  (r() 

613, 000 

New  llampshire... 

New  .1  er.se .V  id) 

Kew  ^[exi'co  (ffl) 

New  York 

667, 200 

"965,' 123 
17,290,660 

Nortli  Carolina  (a). 
North  Dakota  (o).. 
Obio(.") 

6,851.450 
700,000 

None. 

Dklabonia  (o) 

Oregon  (b) 

None. 
None. 

Pennsvlvania  (a). .. 
Ttbode  Island  (a)... 
Soiitb  Carolina  (a).. 
Soutb  Dakota  (d).  .. 
'i'eniiessee(a) 

3.004.350 
3.650,000 
6,520,416 

588,300 

14,236.767 

3,989,400 

900  Of)0 

Utah  (a) 

A'ermont 

(6)135,500 

Virginia  (d) 

24,363  795 

Washington 

West  Virgiina 

Wisconsin  (b) 

AX'yoniing 

1.000,000 

None. 
2,2.=il,000 
200,000 

The  returns  are  tor  tlie  fiscal  .vear  1907,  except  when  otberwi.se  indicated.  («)  Fi.scal  year  1906.- 
(/>)  Fiscal  year  1905.    (r)  Fiscal  vear  1903.     (d)  Fiscal  j'ear  1902. 

(?)  Including  railroads,  (.s)  Floating  indebtedness,  §230,660.  (ii)  October  10.  1906.  (v)  Net 
debt,  $562,901.     (w)  Not  debt.     (.( )  l<]xelusive  of  railroad,  telephone  and  telegraph  property. 


^iut  of  Appropriations  iy^  (^onQvtnu^  1902^1908. 


Deficiencies 

Lefrislative,     Executive,    am! 

judicial 

Sundry  Civil 

Support  of  the  Army 

Naval   Service 

Indian  Service 

Rivers  and  Harbors 

Forts  and  Fortifications 

Militarv  Academy 

Po.st-Oftce  Department 

Pensions , 

Consular  and  Diplomatic..,. 

Aif-hcultur.'t'l  Department 

District  of  Colnml.iH 

M  iiceLaneons 

'fosals 


190-i. 


1903. 


1904. 


ly05. 


♦13,2S9,314.99  $24,944,124.77  $19,651,968.25  |25,083,395.7d 


24,594,96s  .85 

54,.=.74,2s5.21 

ll.i,7:U,049.10 

78.101,791.00 

9,747,471. (ivi 

7,04ii,fiJ3.00 

7,.'?64,iil  1.110 

77V,653.68 

/ndefinite. 

145,245,230.00 

1,849,4'.}8.76 

4,589,420.00 

8,.i02,269.94 

7.961,140.9-; 


2.->.:;96,fi83.20 

.=.4.3'.M,ii01.ti3 

91,7:<0,l:w.41 

■8,'<56.:<63.l:! 

s.!.8r.,0>,>.10 

32,540,199..^.0 

7  ■.'9S.9n.'i.OO 

•J  rt27,394.4-.' 

Indefinite. 

139,842,230.00 

1,9H7,483.31 

5,20*1,960.00 

8,54).4i;H.a7 

4,081  747.-.'4 


479,365,657.55,456,439,306.68 


27.598,653.66 

61,763.709.11 

77,888,752.8:-! 

»l,S76,7:il.43 

8.540.4'>6.77 

20,228,150.99 

7,188.416.22 

652.748.67 

IiiilKfiiiite. 

1:19,847,600.00 

l,968,2.i0.69 

.1.978,160.00 

8,i;:;'5;o  i7.0o 

:!.0'J5,(»rtl.95 

464,816,770.57 


28,558,258 
49,968,011 
77,070,300 
97,50^,140 

9,447,961. 
10,872,200. 

7,6H,192. 

973,947. 

Indefinite. 

138,360,700 

2,020, 10*1 

5,902,040 
11.018,540 

2,S60,H2« 


1906. 


28,998,961.98 

29.136.752.06 

56,269,468.66 

70.396,6:;l.64 

.94  100.3:;6, 679.94 


7,923,814.34 
26,561,281.75 

6,747.893.00 
673,713.38 

Indefinite. 
00  138.250,100.00 
69 1  2.123,047.72 
00  i  6.8b2,690.0O 
.00'  9,801, 197.6'.'j 
52i.   5,1:59,645.21 


1907. 


$28,165,777.03 

29,684,919.30 

8(i,7,s9,470.v8 

71,817,165.118 

102,071,670.27 

9,260,599.9s 

17,2.i4,0.i0.04 

5,1153,993.0(1 

1,664,707.67 

Indefinit*. 

140, 045,. =,00.00 

3,091,094.17 

9,930,440.00 

10,v32.10J.16 

40,17-.(. 767.57 


467,159,617.03  489,241,777.301549,434,246.55 


1908. 


*  10,509,31 1.42 


32.126, 

103,046, 

78,634, 

98,958, 

10,123, 

43.310.: 

6,698 

1,929 

Indefi 

146,143, 

3,<i92 

9,447, 

10,440, 

1,079. 


333.80 
481 .30 
582.75 
507.50 
IS^.Oo 
813.00 

Oll.tMl 

703.42 
nitf , 
000  .uO 
833.7J 
890.00 
598.63 
269.  U' 


555,739,443.7» 


A/T 


The  Ameriean  Indian. 


3i^^> 


JO 


iFisfjcrics  of  tlje  Stiuitctr  cStatcs^ 

(Compiled  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Fisheries. ) 


Sections. 


Sou t h  Atlaii  tic  States  (1902) 

Gulf  States  (1902) 

iMiddle  Atlantic  Stales  (1904) 

New  Knglaiid  States  (1905) 

G leat  Lakes  ( 1903) 

Mississippi  Riveraud  Tributaries  (1903) 
Minor  Interior  Waters  (chieflv  for  19(K), 

1902,  and  1903) ' 

Pacific  Coast  States  (1904) 

Alaska  Territory  (190G) 

Total 


Vbsskls  Employkd. 


No. 


52(3 

714 

3,5S3 

1,447 

20<5 


Tons. 


5.740 

9,221 

54.5-10 

45,068 

3,840 

138 


1 

22t> 
223 

6,931 I  198,522 


22 

10,382 
68.965 


I'ersons 
Employed. 


23,4.52 
18.029 
83.103 
37,339 
9,333 
13,377 

2,491 
19.658 
12,357 


Capital 
Invested. 


$2,991,149 

4,707.460 

26,673,521 

22,-530,720 

7,474,422 

3,555,540 

266,050 

12,839,949 

12,835,458 

219,1391     $93,874,269 


Value  of 
Products. 


$2,839.H33 

3.494.190 

18,963.976 

14,184,205 

2,745,.501 

1,841,168 

425.029 
6,680,.S()6 
8,801.865 


$.59,977.339 


VALUE    OF    FOREiGN    FISHERIES. 


Belgium $  1.000,0110 

Canada 46,  OOO.  000 

Denmark...... 3,000.000 

Italy 3,000.000 

Japan 13.000.000 


Norway $  8.000,000 

Portugal 4.000.000 

Spain 8.000.000 

Great  Britain 46,000.000 

The  World  including  the  U.  S 192,000.000 


The  Fourt*i  Tnteruational  Fisherie.s  Congress  will  meet  by  the  special  invitation  of  the  United 
States  at  Wasbbigton  in  1908.  Congress  in  Februaiy,  1907,  appropriated  three  thousand  dollars 
toward  the  exi^^iuses. 


UNITED    STATES    BUREAU    OF    FISHERIES. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE;  AND  LABOR. 

The  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  comprises  (1)  the  propagation  of  useful  food  fishes,  including 
lobsters,  oysters  and  other  shelltisli,  and  their  distribution  to  suitable  waters ;«(2)  the  inquiry  into  tlie 
causesof  decrease  of  food  fishes  in  the  lakes,  rivers  and  coast  waters  of  the  United  States,  the  study 
of  the  wateisol  the  coast  and  interior  in  tlie  interest  of  fish-culture,  and  the  investigation  of  t!ie 
fishing  grounds  of  the  Atlantic,  Gulf  and  Pacific  coasts,  with  the  view  of  determining  their  food  re- 
sourcesand  the  development  of  the  commercial  fisheries;  (3)  the  collection  and  compilation  of  the 
statisticsof  the  fisheries  and  the  study  of  their  methods  and  relations.  Office,  .Sixth  and  B  Streets, 
Washington,  D.  C.  'I'lie  official  force  of  the  Bureau  is  as  follows:  Conwiissioner,  (George  M.  Bowers; 
Deputy  Commissioner^  Hugh  M.  Smith;  C/iief  Clerk,  I.  H.  Dinilap.  Assistants  in  Charge  of  Division.' 
Inquiry  Besjjecting  Food  Fishes,  B.  W.  Everman;  Fish  Culture,  John  W.  Titcomb;  Statistics  and 
Methods,  A.B.  Alexander;  Architect  and  Fnyineer,  Hector  von  Bayer.  • 


Ki)t  ^mtrican  Kntrian, 


The  annual  reports  of  the  agents  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Indian  AflFairs  in  1905  showed 
that  the  Indian  population  was  284,079,  distributed  in  the  several  States  as  follows  : 


Arizona , 

California.. 
Colorado .... 

Florida 

Idaho 

Indian  Ter. 
Iowa 


38, 725 

15,519 

887 

358 

3,560 

93,333 

342 


Kansas 

Michigan 

Minnesota.... 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Mexico. 


1.182 
6.333 
9.164 

10.324 
3.639 
5.437 

18,129 


New  York  , 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota.. 

Oklahoma 

Oregon  

South  Dakota.... 
Utah 


5.290 
1.455 
7.741 

13.562 
3,913 

19, 601 
1.9.13 


Washington  .... 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Miscellaneous.. 


Total . 


9,798 

10,957 

1,694 

1.183 

284,079 


Of  the  274,706  Imlian  i)opulation  in  1904,  116,333  wore  citizen'sdress  and  43,602  wore  a  mixture 
of  Indian  and  civilized  clothing.  Those  who  could  read  numbered  63,147  and  69,209  could  carry 
on  an  ordinary  conversation  in  English. 

INDIAN    POPULATION    IN    DETAIL    IN   1905. 

The  total  Indian  population  of  the  United  States,  exclusive  of  Alaska,  numbered  284,079  in 
1905.  The  expenditures  of  the  United  States  on  accomit  of  the  Indians  in  the  fiscal  year  ended  June 
30,3907,  were '$15, 140, 292;  The  expenditures  frn.n  1789  to  1907.  inclusive'. have  been  8454.787,382. 

The  anpronriation  made  bv  Congress  for  Indian  scliools  for  the  fiscal  yearending  June30,  1907, 
was  $9,405,199.  98.  The  Government  supports  115  boarding  schools,  and  146  day  schools.  Indians 
incidentally  under  the  Indian  office,  and  self-supporting: 

The  five  civilized  tribes,  Indians  and  colored— Cherokees,  30.782;  Chickasaws.  10.767; 

Choctaws,  25.116;  Creeks.  1.5,923;  Seminoles,   3,049.     Total  Indians,  71,018;  total  col-    ^,  ^„„ 

ored.  20.619;  e:rand  total ^o    .2', 

Pueblos  of  New  Mexico '^  k 

Six  Nations.  Saint  Regis,  and  other  Indians  of  New  York "'^•'^Vc 

Eastern  Cherokees  of  North  Carolina 1,455 

Indians    under  control   of   the  War   Department,  prisoners  «f  war  (Apaches  at  Ft.  Sill, 

Okla.) ; 298 


856 


Monetary    Statistics. 


f^toiutar^  .Statistics* 


(Complied  from  the  Keport  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint. ) 

MONETARY  SYSTEMS  AND  APPROXIMATE  STOCKS  OF  MONEY  IN  THE  AGGREGATE 
AND  PER  CAPITA  IN  THE  PRINCIPAL  COUNTRIES  OF  THE  WORLD  JAN.  1,  1904. 


Countries. 


Uuitt;dSt;iU;s... . 
Austria-Huugaiy 

Bel(;iuin 

British  Empire : 

Australasia... . 

C.inada 

Unit'd  K'gdm 

India 

South  Africa. 

Sir's  Settlem'ts 

Bulgaria 

Cuba 

Denmark 

Egypt 

Finland ... 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Havti 

Italy 

Japan 

Mexico 

Ketherlands 

Korway 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia 

Servia 

Siam 

South  Ain.  States 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

Cent.  Am.  States 
China 


Estimated 
Popula- 
tion. 


Stock  of 
Gold. 


82,600,000  $1,848,200,000 


Total. 


48,600,000 
7,000,000 

5,700,000 

5.800,000 

43,500,000 

295,200,000 

7. loo, Ot  III 

5,300,000 

3,700,000 

1,600,000 

2,600,000 

9,800,000 

2,^00,000 

39,000,000 

56,400  000 

2,4o0,o00 

1,300,000 

33,200,000 

49,800,000 

13,600,000 

5,400,000 

S,300,000 

5,4o0,ooo 

6,300,000 

128,iOO,000 

2,600,000 

5,200.000 

41,200,000 

18,700,000 

5,200,000 

3,300,000 

24,000,000 

4,100,000 

330,100,000 


305,000,000 
30,000,000 

128,600,000 

52.500,000 
533,200,000 
263,<t00,000 

66,000,000 


Stock  of  Silvek. 


Full 
Tender. 

$573,200,000 

15,000,000 


Limited 
Tender. 


603,800,000 


1.900,000 
20,000,000 
17,400,000 
87,000,000 

4,400,000 
926,400,000 
88o, 700,000 

5,600,000 

1 ,000,000 

131,400,000 

52,800,000 

8,6<'0,0  lo 
36,500,000 

6,800,000 

5,300,000 

10.400,000 

783,700,000 

3,300,000 

1,000,000 
8.5,600,000 
72,100,000 
20,200,000 
29,600,000 
50,000,000 

2,000,000 


16,000,000 
900,000 


l,29«,500,000'$o,9s7, 100,000 


347,400,000 

37,100,000 

100,0.  0 

1,000,000 

ll,/.00,o0i 

52.8'  b'.OOi 
52,800,000 


22,300,000 
3,800,000 


30,000,000 

5,600,000 

350,000,000 


$111,900,000 

79,700,000 

9,70U,0o0 

6,100,000 

6,700,000 

113,400,000 


Total. 


Uncovered 
Paper. 


20,000,000 

3,200,00(1 

1,000,000 

5,000,000 

6.2oo,o0o 

15,000,000 

4o(i,0o0 

63,700,000 

173,100,000 


l.r>OO,00i 

14,100,000 

41,3jo,ooo 


4,000,000 
3.000.000 
8,400,000 
600,000 
101,900,000 
1,500,000 


13,400,000 

173,700,000 

7,600,000 

10,700,000 

10,000,000 


$2,123,300,000  $1,007,100,000 


$685,100,000 
79,700,000 
24,700,000 

6,100,000 

6,700,000 

113,400,000 

603,'-00,000 

20,000,000 

19,200,000 

1,900,000 

5,000,00.1 

6,200,000 

15,000,000 

400,000 

411,100,000 

210,'.HiO,000 

100,000 

2,500,000 

25,600,000 

41,300,00  I 

52,800,000 

56,8o0,o0;i 

3,000,000 

8,400,000 

600,000 

101,900,000 

1,500,000 

22,300,000 

13,400,000 

173,700,000 

7,600,000 

10,700,000 

40,000,000 

5,600,000 

350,000,000 


$559,900,000 

54,700,000 

111,900,000 


65,100,000 

118,100,000 

32,400,000 


20,000,00r0 
4,100,000 


10,700,000 


9,100,000 

110,900,000 

169,800,000 

16,2o0,i  00 

3,500,000 

150,700,000 

101,200,000 

48,900,000 

51, 200,0 jO 

6.200,000 

61,000,000 

11,300,000 


2,500,000 


1,452, .■100,000 

125,100,000 

29,300,000 

23,000,000 


53,400,000 


$3,130,400,000  $3,392,500,000 


Pkk  Capita. 


Gold.   Silver, 


*16.33 
6.27 
4.28 

22.56 
9.05 

12.26 

.89 

7.89 

"'".51 

l-.'.50 

6.69 

8.87 

1.57 

2.^.75 

15.72 

2.33 

.77 

3.96 

1.06 

.63 

6.76 

2.96 

.98 

1.65 

6.11 

1.27 

.19 

"  3.85 

3.89 

8.97 

2.08 

.49 


$4.61 


$8.30 
1.64 
3.53 

1.07 
1.16 

2.61 
2.06 
2.81 
3.62 

.51 
3.12 
2.3y 
1.53 

.14 
10.54 
3.7 

.04 
1.92 

.77 

.83 

3.89 

10.5  J 

1.3.1 

1.56 

.10 

.79 

.57 

~4.-9 

"9.29 
1.46 
3.24 

1.6: 

1.36 
1.0'-. 


Paper. 


$2.41 


!J6.'8 

1.1:; 

15.99 


11.22 

2.71 

.11 

'  '3.77 
1.11 

'i'.ii 
'3.25 

2.84 
3.01 
6.75 
2.69 
4.,S3 
2.03 
3.5ii 
9.48 
2.69 
11.211 
1.79 

' '  .96 


6.69 
5.6:-i 
6.07 


Total. 


131.41 

9.04 
23.80 

23.63 

21.43 

17.58 

3.05 

10.70 

7.39 

2.13 

15.62 

13.19 

10.40 

4.96 

37.13 

22.46 

9  12 

5.38 

9.26 

3.92 

8.11 

2i;.76 

6.95 

13.83 

3.54 

6.90 

2.80 

4.43 

I'g'.SS 
10.98 
19.18 

3.75 
14.87 

1.06 

$9.63 


Note — Thie  value  of  the  monetary  stock  of  silver-standard  countries  has  been  changed  to  conform  to  the  decline  in  silver 
values.  The  monetary  stock  of  Jlesico  and  other  countries  where  the  Mexican  dollar  circulates  is  given  in  Mexican  dollars  at 
bullion  value. 

WORLD'S  PRODUCTION  OF  GOLD  AND  SILVER  FOR  THE  CALENDAR  YEAR,  1906. 


CllUNTUIES. 

United  St.ates... 

Mexico 

Canada 

Africa 

Australasia 

Ru.s.sia 

Austria-Hungary 

Germany 

It-aly 

Spam 

G  reece 

Turkey 

France 

Great  Britain 

Arj^entina 

Bolivia 


Gold. 


Oz.,  tine. 

4,565.333 

896.615 

581,65: 

6,553,484 

3,985,684 

94?,056 

123,617 

3,S90 

1,S93 


289 

'l',414 
2.;8 
912 


Value. 

$94,373,800 

18.534,700 

12,023,900 

135,472,500 

i>2,391,400 

19, -194.700 

2,255,400 

80,400 

41,200 


6,000 


29,200 
5,500 

18,800 


Silver. 


Oz.,  tine. 

5i%517.900 

55,225,268 

8,568,665 

702,464 

14,237.246 

166,183 

1,692.119 

5,6h6,433 

672,449 

4,064,632 

829.025 

.S7,874 

890,55.i 

137,216 

14,440 

3,096,998 


Om.Val. 

$38. 2.16,400 

37,381,400 

6,80o,o00 

475,500 

9,637,000 

]12,.500 

1,145,400 

3,855.900 

455,200 

2,7.M,200 

561,200 

25,600 

602,800 

92.900 

9,S00 

2.096,300 


COL'NTIIIES. 


Chile 

Colombia 

Ecuador 

Brazil 

Venezuela 

British  Guiana.. 
French  Guiana.. 

Peru 

Central  Auierica. 

Japan 

China 

Korea 

India 

Brit.  East  Indies 


Gold. 


(_)z.,  line. 
45,886 

105,982 
14,233 

116,243 
1,223 
77,770 
89,955 
40,102 
92,432 

156,016 
88,961 

108,844 

584,744 


Value. 
$948,500 
2,190,800 

294,200 

2,403,000 

25,300 

1,607,700 

1,859,7(10 

829,000 
1,910,700 
3,'.'25,100 
1,8S9,000 
2,250,000 
12,087,700 


!^ilver. 


Oz.,  tine. 
397,853 
763,335 
13,592 


7,404,238 
1,670,159 
2,451,357 


Com.Val. 
$269,300 
516,700 
9,200 


5,011,<)00 
1,130,500 
1.659,300 


Total,rinc.o'rs)  19.361,864  $4(^0  245,300  16.';,640.K40  $112,12n,50<> 


COINAGE  OF  NATIONS  IN  1906. 


COD.NTRIKS. 

Gold, 

Silver.      1 

COUNTBIKS. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Countries. 

Gold.       (      Silver. 

United  StaU-s... 

$78,793,645 

'7,40'3'.715 

4,324 

65,W1,584 

61,l'4'7',573 

$10,661,088' 
100,951 
932,5811 
604,968 

"8'09',46.'', 

8.865,780i 

218,813' 

Eo-vpt 

$64,06'4',117 

249 

40,995,041 

13,'28'6',840 
26,234, WO 

'68'l44 

$1,349,094  biit.h  E.  Indies. 

'$149^571 

1,076,908 

077 

386',000 
16,247,160 

$904,500 

Philippine  Isl 8.. 

626,801 

Persia 

1,114,061 

A'.istria-Hung'v. 
Brazil "., 

Indo-Chlna 

Tunis 

10,194,060 
849 

14,716,3701 
1,2:4,6121 
4,09  ■s944 

Peru 

Russia 

109,769 
4,348,085 

AustralRSia 

Germany 

Italy 

iSiain 

1,705,217 

Canada... ...... 

Sweden 

317,609 

Great  Britain. .. 

Ja)>an 

Switzerland 

386,000 

Hoiicr  Kong 

Mexico 

ll,296.oO0ilTurkey 

868,500i| 

562,800l|        Total 

738,991 

China. 

1 1,069,409  IXclherlands. . . . 

$366,326,788 

$155,590,46S 

Monetary    /Statistics. 


^51 


MONETARY  STATISTICS— CoHYi/merf, 


COMMERCIAL 

RATIO    OF   SILVER   TO   GOLD. 

16S7 

14.94 
14.81 
14.55 
15.68 
15.70 
15.29 
15  37 
15.37 
15.44 
15.43 

|1667 

1S68 

18.57 
16.59 
16.60 
15.57 
16.57 
15.63 
15.92 
16.17 
16.59 
17.88 

1877 

17.22 
17.94 
IS. 40 
1S.U5 
18.16 
IS. 19 
18.64 
18.57 
19.41 
20.78 

1887 

1883 . 

21.13     I 
21.99     ' 
22.  u9 
19.76 
20.92 

53.:  2 
26.49 
32.56 
31.60 
30.66 

llS97 

84.28 

1700 

1878 

!l898 

35.03 

1750 

,1869.. 

1879 

1680 

188'< 

1899 

34.36 

1800 

11870  

1S9U 

1891 

1900 

33.33 

1S50   

is'l 

1881 

1901 

34.68 

1860 

11872 

1882 

1892  

1902 

39.16 

1S63 

1873 

1883 

1893 

1894 

1903 

38.10 

18K4 

1874 

1884 

1904 

35.70 

1865 

1875 

1876 

1885 

il89o 

1896.. 

1905 

33.87 

1866       

1886 

1906 

30.54 

BULLION   VALUE    OF 


3~iyi 


GRAINS   OF    PURE  SILVER  AT  THE  ANNUAL  AVERAGE 
PRICE  OF   SILVER. 


Ykak. 

Value. 

Year. 

Value. 

Year. 

Value. 

Year. 

Value.  1 

Year. 

Value. 

1840 

$1. 023 

1879 

$0.  8t>8 

1886 

$0.  769 

1893 

$0. 603  1 

1900 

SO.  479 

1850 

1.018 

1880 

.886 

1887 

.757 

1894 ; 

.491 

1901 

.461 

1S65 

1. 035 

1881 

.876 

1888 

.727 

1895 

.506 

1902 

.408 

1870 

1. 027 

1882 

.878 

1889 

.  723 

1896 

.522 

1903 

.443 

1875 

.964 

1883 

.858 

1890 

.809 

1897 

.467 

1904 

.447 

1877 

.929 

11884 

.859 

1891 

.764 

1898 

.456 

1905 

.472 

1878 

.891 

S1885 

.823 

1892 

.674 

Jl899  

.465 

1906 

.523 

PURCHASES  OF  SILVER  BY  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Act  Authorizing. 


February  12,  1873 

Jauuary  14.  1875 

February  28.  1878 

July  14.  1890  (to  November  1,  1893,  date  of  the  repeal  of 

the  purcha.sing  clause  of  the  act  of  July  14,  1890) 

Section  3526  Revised  Statutes 

Total 


Fine  Ounces. 


5,434.282 

31.603.906 

291,292,019 

168.674.682 
6.924.286 


503.929.175 


Cost. 


S7. 152,564 

37,571.148 

308,199,262 

155.931.002 
4,694,566 


!j;513.548,542 


Average  Price 


$1. 314 
1.189 
1.058 


0. 


.924 
6101 


$1. 015 


SOURCES  OF  GOLD  AND  SILVER  PRODUCT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
The  following  table,  compiled  from  reports  made  by  the  United  States  Geological  Surveyas  to  the 
sources  of  production  for  the  calendar  year  1904,  shows  tlie  distribution  among  the  various  gold  and 
silver  producing  States  and  Territories  of  the  amount  of  gold  and  silver  extracted  from  quartz,  the 
amount  of  gold  obtained  fi-om  placer,  and  the  amount  of  silver  obtained  from  lead  ores  and  copper 
ores  as  b.v-product. 


St \tes 

Gn 

.n. 

SlI.VEU. 

States 
andTkr- 
kitokiks. 

(ioi.n. 

Silver. 

andTer- 

RITOEIES. 

Quartz. 

PI  are r. 

Quartz. 

Lead  Ores. 

Copper 
Oivs. 

Quartz. 

Placer. 

Quartz. 

Lead  Ores. 

Copper 
Ores. 

Fine  Ozs. 

fine  <J/.s. 

l^iue  a/.s 

Fine  0/..S. 

Kine   Ozs. 

Fine  Ozs. 

Fine  Ozs. 

F)ne  O/.s. 

Fine  Ozs. 

Fine  Ozs. 

Alabama  . 

1.J06 

124 

N.Car'lina 

3,397 

576 

756 

30,013 

Alaska... . 

165,916 

9ub.il4 

138,207 

.... 

27,861 

Oregon 

48,634 

17,490 

78,892 

.... 

454 

Arizona. . . 

141,158 

l,95i 

571,895 

718,816 

1,735,727 

S.Carolina 

.•^,807 

13 

92 

.... 

.... 

C.Hliforni;i 

.'49.372 

356,810 

418,258 

46,107 

766,276 

S.  Dakota. 

330,653 

302 

150,875 

. .  • . 

.. 

Colorado.. 

1,120,218 

2,596 

6,353,457 

5,510,022 

353,351' 

Tennessee. 

182 

52 



.... 

55,931 

Georgia  .. 

663 

8:!9 

62 

.... 

5.37 

Te.\as..  .. 

77 

•  •  •  • 

301,772 

.... 

Idaho  .... 

38,488 

17,100 

769,244 

7,681,756 

567,815. 

Ut.ah 

252,022 

417 

111,671 

2,861,368 

8,577,695 

Marviand. 

.  •  •  • 

.... 

.... 

•  >  .  • 

Vermont  . 

. 

.... 

1,323 

Michigan.. 

■  •  •  a 



222,222' 

Virginia.  . 

718 

250 

Missouri.. 

.   .        ■ 

.... 

.... 

31,268 

....      1 

Wasli'gton 

9,793 

929 

38,120 

579 

7,178 

Montana. . 

190,946 

25,243 

1,271,486 

511,3b0 

10,19:, 859 

V/youiiug. 

248 

67 

136 

503,964 

12,878 

2,556 
1,297 

6,453,478 
305,112 

27.T  860 

41  273 

N.  Mexico. 

64.88-.' 

121,133 

Total . . . 

2,374,640 

1,328,360 

16,963,857 

17,709,048 

22,696.548 

R.H.TIO  OP  Sources  of  Silver  Product  op  the  United 'States. 

SOUUCE. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

Source. 

1902. 

1903. 

.1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

Quartz  mills.. 

Per  Cfllt. 
29.4 

■18.5 

Per  cent. 
29.9 

45.fi 

Per  cent.  Percent. 
26.2     1       24.9 

Per  c -nt. 
29.6 

30.8 

Copper  bullion 
Total   

Per  rent. 
22.1 

100.0 

Per  cent, 
24.5 

Per  cent. 
27.0 

Per  cent. 
:i0.3 

100.1' 

Per  Cent. 
39.6 

ly^nd  bullion . . 

46,8 

44.8 

lOO.n 

100.0 

100.0 

Approximate  DrsTRiKunoN  by    Producixg   States  and   Territoriics    of  thk   PitoDUCT  OF 
Gold  and  Silver  in  the  United   States  for  the  Calendar  Year   1906. 


States 

AND 

Tebritories. 


Alabama  . . . . 

Alaska 

Arizona 

California  . . . 
Colorado  . . . . 

Georgia 

Idaho  

Michlg.an  .. .. 
Missouri . . . . 
Montana  . . . , 

Nevada 

New  Mexico  , 


J23.5IIO 

21,365,100 

2,747,100 

1^,83.',900 

22,934,400 

23,700 

1,035,700 


4,522,000 

9,278,600 

266,200 


Silver, 
Commer- 
cial 
Value. 


$68 

i;;7,747 

2,099.822 

1,027,180 

8,425,52:i 

203 

5,981,135 

125,9119 

21,18 

8,488,404 

3,524,972 

306,902 


Total  Value.* 

(Silver  at 

Conimercial 

Value.) 

!f23,5rt8 

21,502,847 

4,756,922 

19,860,080 

31,35<t,920 

23,903 

7,016.835 

125,»69 

21,187 

13,010,404 

12,803,572 

673,102 


States 

AND 

Territories. 


North  Carolina. 

Oregon 

South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota.. 

Tennessee 

Tex.aS 

Utah 

Virginia 

Washington... . 
Wyoming 


Gold, 

Value. 


$90,9UU 

1,3211,100 

74,600 

6,604,900 

800 

3,400 

6,130,900 

10,:!00 

103,900 

5,700 


Total $94,373,800   |38,256,40O  $132,630,200 


Silver, 
Commer- 
cial 
Value. 


$16,719 
61,394 

105,053 

17,328 

167,769 

7,789,650 

66 

28,497 

745 


Total  Value. 

(Silver  at 

Commercial 

Value.) 

$T0776li 

1,381,494 

74,668 

6,:09,P53 

18,128 

191,169 

12,920,650 

10,368 

131.497 

6,445 


358 


Monetary  Statistics. 


MONETARY  STATISTICS— Co»<mMec/. 


PRODUCT  OF  GOLD  A>'D  SILVER  FR0:M  MINES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES.  1866-1906. 


Yb»b. 


1866. 

1867 

1868. 

1SG9. 

1870. 

1871  . 

1872. 

1873. 

1874  . 

1875. 

1876. 

1877. 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882  . 

1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886  . 

1887  . 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892  . 
1893. 
1894, 
1895. 
1896  , 
1897. 
1898, 
1899. 
is  00. 
1901  , 
1902, 
1903 
1904, 
1905 . 
1906, 


Gold. 


Silver. 


Vine  Ounces. 

2,588,062^ 

2,502.196 

2,322.000 

2,o94,562 

2,418,750 

2,104,312 

1.741,500 

1,741,500 

1,620,122 

1,619.009 

1.931,575 

2,268,662 

2,477,109 

l,8sl,787 

1,741,500 

1,678,612 

1,572,187 

1,451,250 

1,489,950 

1,538,373 

1,686,788 

1.603,049 

1,604,478 

1,594.775 

1,588,877 

1,604.840 

1.597,098 

1,739,323 

1,910,813 

2,254,760 

2,568,132 

2,774,935 

3,118,398 

3.437.210 

3, 829, 897 

3.805.500 

3,870,000 

3,560,000 

3.s92,480 

4,178,592 

4,565,333 


Value. 


Fine  Ounces. 


$53,5;;0,000 
51,725,000 

48,000,000 
49,500,000 
50,000,000 
43,500,000 
36,000.000 
36,000,000 
33,490.900 
33,467.900 
39,929,200 
46,897.400 
51.206,400 
38,900,000 
36,  000, 000 
34, 700, 000 
32,.5U0.000 
30,000,000 
30,800,000 
31,801,000 
34,869,000 
33,136,000 
33,167,500 
32,967,000 
32,. 845,000 
33.175,000 
33,015.000 
35,955.000 
39.500,000 
46,610,000 
5:5,088,01:0 
57,363.000 
64.463.000 
71,053,400 
79,171,000 
78,666,700 
80,000,000 
73,591,700 
80. 46  J,  700 
86,337,700 
94,373.800 


7,734,400 
10,441.400 
9,281.200 
9,281,200 
12,375,000 
17,789,1(X) 
22,236,300 
27.630,400 
28,868,200 
24.  .539. 300 
29,996,200 
30,777,800 
35,022.300 
31,565,500 
30,318.700 
33, '257, 800 
36,196.900 
35.732.800 
37.743,800 
39.909,400 
39,694,000 
41,721,600 
45,792,700 
50,094,500 
54,516,300 
58,330,000 
63,500.000 
60,000.000 
49.500.000 
55, 727, 000 
58,834,800 
53,860.000 
54,438,000 
54.764,500 
57.647,000 
55.214.000 
55,500.000 
54,300.000 
57,682,806 
58,938,355 
58,517,900 


Commercial  Value. 


§10,356,400 
13,866,200 
12,306.900 
12,297,600 
16.434.000 
23.588,300 
29.396,400 
35.881,600 
36,917.500 
3(»,4S."),900 
34.919,800 
36.991.500 
40,401,000 
35,477,100 
34,717,000 
37,657,500 
41,105,900 
39,618,400 
41,921,300 
42,503,r.00 
39,482,400 
40,887,200 
43,045,100 
46,838,400 
57,242,100 
57,630,0(J0 
55,662.500 
46,800.000 
31,422,100 
36,445.500 
39.654,600 
32.316,000 
32,118,400 
32, 858, 700 
35,741,100 
33,128,400 
29,415,000 
29,322,000 
33.456.000 
35,952,397 
38,256,400 


Total  product  from  1792  to  1905  inclusive;    Gold,  fine  ounces,  1  n4,  698,.V26  ;    value,  $2,784,418,500.     Silver,  fine  ounces, 
1,620,612,355  ,  commercial  value,  $1,436,117,797.    The  estimate  prior  to  1873  w.a8  by  Koss;ter  AV.  llaymond. 

PRODUCTION  OF  THE  PRECIOUS  METALS  SINCE  THE  DISCOVERY  OF  AMERICA. 


Years. 


1492- 
1521- 
1561- 
1601- 
1641- 
1681- 
1721 
1761 
1801 
1811 
1^21 
1831 
1841 
18.51 
1861 
1871 
188\ 
1891 


1520. . . . 
1560.... 
1600. . . . 
1640. . . . 
1680.... 
1720.... 
1760.... 
■1800.... 
•1810  . . . 
■1820  . . . 
■18:i()  .., 
•1840.  . . , 

■18.iO 

•I860..., 
•1870..., 
■1880..., 
•1890..., 


Gold. 


$107,931,000 

204,697,000 

189,012,000 

223,572.000 

239,655,000 

313,491,000 

580,727,000 

511,675,(100 

IW,!.^,!)!^ 

76,063,000 

94,479,000 

134.841.000 

363.928.000 

1,332,981,000 

1,263,015.000 

1,150,814,000 

1,059,892,000 

130,650,000 


Silver-Coiuiug 
Value. 


$54,703,000 
297,226,000 
597,244,000 
'*  678,800,000 
584,691,000 
579,869,000 
801,712,000 
1,273,468,000 
371,677,000 
224,786,000 
191,444,000 
247,930,000 
324,400,000 
372,261,000 
507,174,0(0 
918,578,000 
1,298,820,000 
177,-352,000 


Ratio. 

10.75 

11.30 

1L80 

14.00 

15.00 

15.  21 

14.75 

15.  09 

15.  61 

15.  h\ 

15.  80 

1.5.  75 

1.5.  83 

15.  29 

15.56 

18.  05 

19.76 

20.  92 

Years. 


1892 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

1900. 

1901 . 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 


Total 


Gold. 


146,298.000 
157.494.800 
181,175,600 
198.763,600 
202,251,600 
236,073,700 
286.879,700 
306,724,100 
254  576,300 
262,373,300 
296,737,600 
;!25,961,50U 
346,892,200 
377,135,100 
400,245,300 


.Sih  f I  Culiiiiig 
Value. 


198,014,400 
213,944,400 
212,829,600 
216,566,900 
203,069,200 
207.413,000 
218,576,800 
217,648.200 
224,441,200 
223,691,300 
210,441,900 
217,131,800 
217,716.700 
216,860,300 
214,161,600 


llatio. 


23.72 
26.49 
32.56 
3L60 
30.  66 
34.28 
35.03 
84.  86 
33.  33 
.34.  68 
39.15 
38.10 
35  70 
33.  87 
30.  54 


$12,075,795,000  $12,714,664,0001 


WORLD'S  CONSUMPTION  OF  GOLD  AND  SILVER  IN  THE  ARTS  (Latest  Report)  1905. 


COINTRY. 


United  States 
Great  Britain. 

France 

Germany 

Switzerland.. 
Italy 


Gold. 


■,$27,622,000 

14,500,000 

14,000,000 

11,000,000 

6,500,000 

3,000,000 


Silver. 


P^ve  ounces. 
$19,418,000 
7,000,000 
6,500,000 
6,500,000 
1,500,000 
2,000,000 


Country. 


Russia 

Austria-Hungarj' 

Netherlands  and  Belgium 
Other  countries 

Total 


Gold. 


$2,500,000 
1.500.000 
1,500,000 
3,000,000 


$85,122,000 


Silver. 


Five  ounces. 
2,500,000 
2,300,000 
1.000.000 
2,000,000 


$50,718,000 


Monetary  Statistics, 


359 


MONETARY  STATISTICS— Co/(^m?«?d. 


PRESENT  MONETARY  SYSTEM  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  ILLUSTRATED, 


Gold  Coin. 

Standard  Silver  t>.  liars. 

Subsidiary  Silver  Coin. 

Minor  Coin. 

Weight 

■2b&  grains  to  the  dollar. 

412.5  grains. 

385.'?    grains  to  the      "j 

dollar. 

5c.  piece:  77.16  grains,  75  p.  c. 
copper,   25  p.  c.  nickel. 

Fineness 

900-1000. 

900-10110. 

900-lOOa. 

Ic.  piece:  48  grains,  95  p.  o.  copt- 

Ratio  to  gold.. 

15.98-;  tol. 

14.9.i3  lo  1. 

per,  5  p.  c.  tin  and  ziuc. 

Limit  of  i!=sue. 

Unlimite.i. 

Coinage  ceased  in  1905. 

Needs  of  the  people. 

Needs  of  the  people. 

Dc-nomiiiations 

$L>0,  $1(1,  $5,  $-2J^. 

$1. 

50  cents,  25  cents. lu  cents. 

5  cents,  1  cent. 

Legal  tender.. 

Unl.mited. 

Unlimited,   unless   other- 
wise contracted, 

Not  to  exceed  $10. 

Not  to  exceed  25  cents. 

Receivable  .... 

For  nil  public  dues. 

For  all  public  dues. 

For  all  dues  up  to  $10. 

For  all  dues  up  to  25  cents. 

Exchangeable. 

For  g-nld   certificati-s,   as 
below,    and    subsidiary 
and  minor  coin. 

For  silver  certificates  and 
smaller  coin. 

For  minor  coin. 

Redeemable  ... 

In  "  lawful  money  "  at 
the   Treasury   in"  sums 

In  "lawful  money"  at  the 
Treasurv     in     sums    or    mul- 

or multiples  of  $20. 

tiples  of  $20. 

Limit  of  issue. 

Denominations 
Legal  tender.. 

Receivable. ... 
Exchangeable.. 
Redeemable.. 


Gold  Certificates. 


Unlimited  for  gold 
Coin  unless  gold  le- 
.serve  falls  belov. 
$10U,000,OuO. 

$10,000,$.%000. $1,000, 
$500,  $1U0,$;.U,  $jO, 
$10. 

Not  a  tender. 


For  all  public  duea. 

For     subsidiary    and 

minor  coiir. 
In  sold   coin  at    the 

Treasury. 


Silver  Certificates. 


United  States 
Notes. 


Quantity     of     silver  $346,681,016. 
dollars      coined, 
$562,173,530. 


$100,   $50,   $20,    $10, 
Not  a  tender. 


For  all  public  dues. 

For  silver  and  minor 

coin. 
In    silver   dollars    at 

the  Treasury. 


$1,000,  $500,$!  00,  $50, 
$20,  $10,  $0. 

For  all  debts,  public 
and  private,  except 
customs  and  inter- 
est on  public  debt. 

For  all  public  dues. 

For  subsidiary  and 
minor  coin. 

In  gold  at  the  Treas- 
ury. 


Treasury  Notes  of 
1--90. 


No  further  issues  ; 
volume  steadily 
diminishing  by  r.  - 
demption  with 
silver  dollars. 

$1,000,  $100,  $50, 
$20,  $10,  $5,  $1), 
$1. 

Unlimited,  unless 
otherwise  cou- 
tiact.;d« 

For  all  public  dues. 

For  silver  and  minor 

coin.  . 

In  gold  at  the  Treas 

iiry. 


National    Bank 
Notes. 


Unlimited  by  li-.w,  ex- 
cept by  velum"  of  U.S. 
b  nds  necessary  to  de- 
posit as  security. 

$1,000,   $50n,  $100,  $50, 

$iO,  $1  ',  $5. 

Not  a  tender. 


For  all  public  dues  ex- 
cept customs. 

For  s:il  sidiary  silver 
and  minor  coin. 

In  "lawful  money"  at 
the  Treasury,  or  at 
bank  of  issue. 


"  Lawful  money"  includes  gold  coin,  silver  dollars,  United  States  notes,  and  Treasury  notes.  United  States  notes  are  by 
regulation  receivable  for  customs  so  long  as  they  continue  redeemable  in  coin.  There  are  still  in  use  smill  ainounta*f  f  1  and 
$2  United  Stales  and  national  b mk  notes;  also  $500  and  $1,000  silver  certifl.-ates.  Tr^/asu-y  n  )t  s  were  issued  for  puiekases  of 
silver  bullion,  which  was  coined  into  dollars  wherewith  the  notes  are  being  redeemed  as  rapidly  as  pract;c»tJ«.  T-ha 
issue  of  national  bank  notes  is  practically  dependent  upon  the  market  price  of  United  Stales  bonds  ;  when  the  [)remiuift  is  high 
it  is  not  piotitable  to  issue  notes. 

The  above  table  was  prepared  for  The  World  Almanac  by  Maurice  Jj.  Muhleman,  former  Deputy 
Assistant  United  States  Treasurer,  New  York. 


COINAGE  OF  THE  MINTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  FROM  THEIR  ORGANIZATION,  1792,  \ 

TO  DECEMBER  31,  1906. 


IJFNOMINATIONS. 


GOLD. 

Double  eagles.   

Eagles 

Half  engles 

Three-dollar  piec-s  (coinanre  dis- 
continued under  act  of  Septem- 
ber 26,  1890; 

Quarter  eagles 

Dollars  (coinage  discontinued 
under  act  of  September  26, 
1890) 

Dollars.  Louisiana  Purchase  Ex- 
position fact  of  .June  28,1902). 

Dollars, Lewis  &Clark  exposition 

Total  gold 


SILVER. 

Dollars  ("coinage  discontinued, 
act  of  Feb.  12,  1873,  resumed 
act  of  Feb.  28,1878) 

Trade  dollars  ( di.scoutinued,  act 
of  Feb.  19,  1^87) 

Dollars  (Lafavette  souvenir,  act 
of  March  3,  1899) 

Haif  dollars 

Half  dollars  (Columb'n  souvenir) 

Quarter  dollars 

Quarter  dollars  (Colb"n  souvenir) 

Twenty-cent  pieces  (coinage  di;- 
continiied.  act  of  May  2,  1878) 


Pieces. 


Values. 


96,599,6<)9 
38,079,80; 
61,629,741 


539,792 
12,251,564 


19,499,337 

250,2.58 
60,069 


1 ,8  v;  ,993, 380.00 
3so,798,070.00 
308,145,705.00 


1,619,376.00 
31,128,910.00 


19,499,337.00 

25n,95!8.00 
60,06:1.00 

229,910,237  $2,679,4:^,105.00 


578,303,84s 
35,965,924 

60,Ono 

326,267,284 

5,002,105 

825,999,446 

40,023 

1,355,000 


1578,303,848.00 

35,965,924.00 

50,000.00 

163,133,642.00 

2,501.052.50 

81,499,361.50 

10,005.75, 

271,000.00' 


De.sominations. 


Dime.s 

Half  dimesfcoinage  discontinued, 
act  of  February  12,  1873) 

Three-cent  piecesfcoinage  discon 
tinned,  act  of  Feb.  12,  1873).... 

Total  silver 


MINOR. 

Five-cent  pieces,  nickel 

Tfiree-cent  pieces,  nickel  (coin- 
age discontinued,  act  of  Sep- 
tember 26,  1890) 

Two-cent  pieces,  bronze  (coinage 

dis'ontinued,act  of  September 

26,  1890) 

One-cent  pieces,  copper  (coinage 
disconiinued,  act  of  February 
21,  1857) 

One-cent  pieces,  nickel  (coin.nge 
disi'ontinued,  act  of  April  22, 
1864) 

One-cent  pieces,  bronze 

Half-cent  pieces,  copper  (coin- 
age discontinued,  act  of  Feb- 
ruary 21,  1857) 

Total  minor 


Pieces. 


474,974,190 
97,604,388 
42,736,240 


1,.s88,2;i6,44b 


613,343,039 
31,378,316 
45,601,000 

156,288,744 


200,772,000 
1,438,643,4j5 


7,985,222 


Values. 


$49,497,419.00 

4,880,219.40 

1,282,087.20 
$917,.394,5,59.35 


$25,667,051.95 

941,349.48 

912,020.00 

1,562,887.44 


2,007,720.00 
14,486,434.97 


39,926.11 


Total  coinage. 


2,394,011,828        $44,517,489.93 


4,412,018,601  !p,642,410,154.28 


Silver-dollar  coinage  under  acts  of  April  2,  1792,   $8,031,238 
June  Vi,  1898,  $42,139,872  ;  June  13,  1898,  $108,800,1  s8  j  March  3, 


February  28,  1878,  $378,166,793 
1891,  $5,078,472  ;  total,  $579,085, 


;  July  14,   1890,  $36,087,285  ; 
2«0. 


360  The   Lake   3Iohonk    Conferenci. 

^'*"  President  James  W.  Van  Cleve,  of  the  National  Association  of  Manufacturers,  makes 
tlie  following  estimate  of  the  productive  jwwer  of  the  United  States,  compared  with  that 
of  the  entire  world: 

U.S. 

United  States.  The  World.  P.C. 

Population,   1900    76,000,000  1,500,000,000  .05 

Wheat,   bushels,    1905    698,000,000  3,887,000,000  .20 

Coal,    tons,    1905    350,000,000  1,000.000,000  .35 

Gold,    1906,   value    $96,000,000  $400,000,000  .24 

Manufacturings,    value   of  products,    1905 $15,000,000,000  $43,000,000,000  .35 

Silver.    1905,   value $38,000,000  $100,000,000  .38 

Pig  iron,   tons.   1905 23.000.000  57.000,000  .40 

Steel,   tons,    1905    20,000,000  48.000,000  .42 

Petroleum,  gallons,   1905   6,000.000.000  11,000,000,000  .55 

Copper,   tons,    1905 408,000,000  T35, 000.000  ..55 

Cotton,    bales,    1906 12,000,000  17,000.000  .70 

Corn,  bushels,   1906   2,927,000,000  3,700,000,000  .79 

WEALTH    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

An  estimate  of  the  wealth  of  the  United  States  in  1907  is  given  on  another  page  as 
$116,000,000,000.  A  Census  Office  report  issued  in  1907  presented  the  following  classification 
of  the  forms  in  which  the  national  wealth  is  divided,  with  their  valuations.  The  calcula- 
tions were  for  the   year  1904: 

Real   property  and   improvements   taxed $55,510,228,057 

Real  property  and  improvements  exempt 6,881,244,570 

Live    stock    4,073,791,736 

Farm  implements  and  machinery 844,989,808 

Manufacturing  machinery,   tools,   and  implements 3,297,754,180 

Gold  and  silver  coin  and  bullion 1,998,603,303 

Railroads  and  their  equipment 11,244.752.000 

Street   railways    2.219.966,000 

Telegraoh    systems    227.400.000 

Teleohone  systems   585.840,000 

I'ullman  and  private  cars   123,000,000 

Shipping   and    canals    846,480,804 

Privately  owned  waterworks    275,000,000 

Privately  owned  central  electric  light  and  power  stations 562,851.105 

Agricultural   products    1.899, 379, 6.")2 

IManufactured  products    7,409.291 .668 

Imported  merchandise   495. .543, 685 

Mining  products    408.066.787 

Clothing  and   personal   adornments 2,500,000,000 

Furniture,  carriages  and  kindred  property 5,750,000,000 


^fje  Halfee  J^of)onfe  (Konfcrnue. 

ON    THE    INDIANS    AND    OTHER    DEPENDENT    PEOPLES. 

The  twenty-fifth  annual  session  of  the  Lake  Mohonk  Conference,'  at  Lake  Mohonk, 
N.  Y.,  held  in  1907,  adopted  the  following  platform  in  reference  to  the  Porto  Ricans, 
HawaJians,   and   Filipinos: 

1.  We  urge  that  our  Government  shall  steadfastly  adhere  to  the  principle  that  a 
moral  responsibilty,  which  we  cannot  neglect,  and  which  is  higher  than  all  commercial 
considerations,  requires  us  to  legislate  and  to  administer  so  as  to  promote  the  highest 
welfare    of   the   people   of   these   islands. 

2.  We  urge  that  Congress  shall  without  delay  legislate  so  as  to  effect  a  radical  reduc- 
tion of  the  duties  now  collected  on  products   of  the  Philippine  Islands. 

3.  We  advise  that  the  greatest  educational  emphasis  be  put  upon  the  primary  schools 
and  the  preparation  of  teachers  therefor,  and  that  such  instruction  shall  have  special 
reference  to  industrial  training.  The  utmost  effort  should  be  made  to  secure  the  enrol- 
ment and  attendance  of  all  children.  We  maintain  that  it  is  the  duty  of  Congress  to 
T>rovide  adequately  for  such  education,  even  if  the  necessary  money  were  to  come  from 
direct  appropriation. 

4.  Education  in  the  duties  of  citizenshfp  is  an  essential  element  in  social  and  political 
progress.  So  fast  as  the  Filipinos  demonstrate  their  political  capacity,  jDowers  of  self- 
government   should   be  granted   and   enlarged. 

5.  We  recommend  Congressional  enactment  to  enable  a  large  number  of  persons  in 
the  Philippine  Islands  to  be  naturalized  as  citizens  of  said  islands.  We  believe  that  pro- 
vision should  be  made  by  Congress  whereby  educated  and  duly  qualified  Porto  Ricans 
may  become  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

6.  We  urge  upon  Congress  immediate  legislation  to  protect  the  inhabitants  of  our 
Insular  possessions  against  the  great  evils  of  the  opium  traffic  and  the  opium  habit, 
which  ali'eady  threaten  them. 

7.  We  recommend  that  the  application  of  the  coastwise  Shipping  act  be  permanently 
suspended  with  reference  to  the  Philippines,  and  that  Congress  give  serious  attention  to 
legislation  necessary  to  relieve  Hawaii  from  the  disadvantages  which  this  law  Imposes, 
and  encourage  the  industrial  development  of  Porto  Rico. 

8.  With  clear  recognition  of  the  ability  shown  in  the  administration  of  affairs  in  the 
Philippines,  and  the  conviction  that  we  have  a  body  of  competent  men  trained  in  colonial 
administration,  it  still  seems  to  us  that  the  Bureau  of  Insular  Affairs,  whose  functions 
are  essentially  civil,  should  be  Ultimately  committed  to  some  other  department  than  the 
Department  of-  War. 


Jlauking  Statistics. 


3C1 


THE  NATIONAL  BANKS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
(From  the  annual  report  of  the  Comptroller  of  tlie  Currency.) 


^^'^?'  I  Xo.  of 
^'^''/"g   Banks. 


1880.. 

1890,. 

1893.. 

1894.. 

1895.. 

1S9G.. 

1897..; 

1898..: 

1899..' 

1900.. 

1901.-1 

190-'..' 

1903.. 

1904. 

1905.. 

19r«.. 

*190T 


2.072 
3.353 
3.759 
3, 755 
3.71«i 
3, 682 
3.620 
3.581 
3. oil 
3.604 
3.969 
4, 269 
4.700 
5.134 
5.5  '5 
5.876 
6.043 


Cipltal. 


$454,215,062 
625.089.645 
684.342,024 
672,951,450 
660,287,065 
652, 725. 750 
638.173,895 
615.818,725 
608, 674. 895 
608,754,600 
635,511.286 
673.763.767 
722.797,806 
761,682,495 
776.175,5,6 
801.326,590 
842.685.939 


Surpluf). 


Total  Dividonils. 


Total 
Net    Earnings. 


§120.145.649. 
208.707.786. 
246.918,673. 
246,001,328. 
247,466.0<.)2. 
248,2:35,323. 
249,044.948. 
244.281.879. 
247,930.970. 
251.950,843. 
268.451.548. 
302,513.154. 
353.105,524. 
390,452.345. 
407,643.159. 
440,616.689. 
522.382.747. 


00  $36. 

00  51. 

11  49. 

Oo  45, 

00  45, 

00 1  45. 
001  42, 
oo;  44. 
00^  46. 
421  48, 

oo:  51. 


55 
91 

00 
00 


68, 
(V.l, 
75, 
73. 


50  i  89 
591  99, 


111.473. 

158.883. 
633,195. 
333,270. 
969,663. 
525.947. 
394,241. 
291.971. 
691.502. 
0;«,  <H>4. 
699, 779. 
199,493. 
565.848. 
588,889. 
138.174. 
264.850. 
728,239. 


00  ^^45. 
33 i  72. 
99;  68. 
00  41, 
oo'  46. 
<X)  49, 
OO  44. 
00  50. 
00;  54. 
39;  87. 
00  81. 
62  106, 
10  109, 
00  112. 
«)0105. 
0()  127. 
00  152. 


Ratio  of 

OivideuJs 

to 

Caiiil.il. 


186.034.00 
055. 563. 52 
750.952.09 
955.2J8.ro 
^66.557.00 
742,318.*  0 
273,314.00 
032.97-..:;.  OO 
346,692.00 
276,836.60 
853.797.00 
581.476.85 
8M,530.97 
9:  S6. 426.  00 
9<^,  385.  00 
526,836.(0 
235,434.00 


8.(>2 
8.19 
7.25 
6.  ()7 
6.96 
6.97 
6.64 
7.17 
7.67 
7.88 
9.05 
10  92 
8.79 
9.92 
8.95 
11.14 
11.90 


Katio  oi 
DlvldciiJ.s 
to  Capital 

.llul 
Siir|>liis. 

~6.36 
6.14 
5.33 
4.  (.9 
5.06 
5.05 
4.78 
5.15 
5.45 
5.58 

5  72 
6.99 
5.91 
6.56 

6  18 
7.18 
7.30 


Halivof 
Efiriiing'* 
to  Capitsl 

itii'l 
Surplus, 

"7.88 

8.  i\5 

7.38 

4.05 

5.15 

5  52 

4.99 

5.82 

6.34 

10.14 

8.15 

10.12 

10.21 

9.80 

9.42 

lO  26 

11.  20 


*  To  July  1,  19u"  ;  abstr.ict  p«erioii  changeil. 

The  circulation  outstanding  August  2L',  1907,  was  $551,949,4*'.!,  individual  d.pasiti,  S^4,. 319  0.35,402;  principal  res'-^urces, 
loaas  and  discounts,  $4,678,583,968  ;  Unit'r'd  St  ites  bonds  on  denisit  to  secure  circulation,  $557,2'7,95ii;  United  St:ite>  bon<is  on 
ha;;d  and  with  the  Trasurer  to  secure  public  deposits,  $10a,6r.<,490;  spt-cie,  $531,107,750  j  legal  tender  notes,  $170, 515, 782  ; 
a;<,'reg;»te  resources,  $8,3a0,328,402. 


KESOURCES 


AND  LIABILITIES  OF  STATE  BANKS.    LOAN  AND  TRUST   COMPANIES, 
SAVINGS  AND   PRIVATE  BANKS,   1907. 


Classificatiox, 


Jiesoinces, 

Loans  on  real  estate 

Loans  on  other  collateral  security. . 

Other  loans  and  discounts 

()verdraft-s 

United  States  bond.s 

State,  county,  and  municipal  bonds. 

Railroad  bonds  and  stocks 

Bank  stocks 

Other  stocks,  bond.s,  and  securities. . 
Due  from  other  banks  and  bankers. 
Real  estate,  furniture,  and  fixtures. 

Cliecks  and  other  ca.sh  items 

C;ush  on  hand 

Other  resources 

Total 


Liabilities. 

Capit.ll  stock 

SurplLis  fund 

Other  undivided  profits 

Dividends  unpaid , 

Individual  deposits 

Due  to  other  banks  and  bankers... 

All  other  liabilities 

Totil 


State  Banks. 
9,967  Baniis. 


S192,737,S61 

171,112,8yl 

2,139,836,544 

27,940,524 

2,111,794 

o,()74.H31 

5,160,140 

1,149,248 

475,408,624 

548,466,473 

117,688,432 

96,508,728 

2y4,001,.=)70 

81,393,177 


$4,119,190,33: 


$471,663,0.37 

192,587,461 

88,664,017 

747,808 

3,068,649.860 

211,007,21.12 

85,870,952 


Loan  and  Trust 

C'  mpanies. 
794  Companies. 


8174,235,578 

823,109,861 

6<»4,018,798 

6,660,318 

1,280,592 

11,239,601 

31,82:3,413 

6,.528.463 

7.35,127,601 

261,977,37:j 

51,078,710 

5,042,082 

101,719,515 

263,577,455 


Savings  Banks. 
1,415  Banks. 


!rl,385,484,075 

207,6:^2,649 

2;)9,017,711 

1,320,534 

18,744,618 

618,494,020 

602,224  ,:S13 

24,987,618 

381,816,604 

163,343,382 

51,885,740 

3.0:^6,115 

27,415,928 

57,46y,><93 


Private  Ranks. 
1.141    Banks. 


$18,945,940 

9,403,642 

101,127,853 

3,313,2.56 

546,408 

641,411 

476,202 

210,209 

7,860,542 

31,424,217 

7,748,260 

897,467 

710,484 


*3,071,419,:M).  $3,782,873,200 


$276,146,081 

369,286,668 

28,5:8.353 

291,463 

2,061, 623,o:i5 

167,872,757 

167,620,993 


$.•54,224,322 

2t)l,-J:iO,662 

33,475,531 


3.495.410,087 

8.179,275 

I0,:i63.::i23 


$4,119,190,337!  *3,071,419,36ul  $3,782,873,200 


3,725.728 


Total. 
13,317  Banks. 


$1,771,402,954 

l,211,259.^^43 

3,084,000  906 

33,234,632 

22,683,412 

636,049,8t>3 

639,684.068 

32.875.538 

1,600,213,371 

1,0415,211,445 

228,401.142 

105,484  ,.392 

:i91,847,497 

406,166,253 


$195,031,619;     11,168,514,516 


$25,144,822 

7,322,579 

3,519,734 

131  .:^7 

151,072,225 
2,844,63>i 
4,996,234 


!5l95,03l,619 


$807,178,262 

770,417,370 

154,237,640 

1.170,663 

8,776,755,207 
3!S9,903,8:2 
26».851,502 


$11,168,514,516 


St.\ticment  Showing  the  Amounts  of  Golu  and^Silvek  Coins  and  Cektificates,  United 
StatesNotes,  and  Nation.^l,  B.A.NK  Notes  in  Ciucul.ation  October  1,   1907. 


•  ieneral   Stock 
Oct.  1,   1907. 


In  Treasnrv 
Oct.  1.  1907.+ 


Gold  Coini  inclndingbullionin  Trea.s'y) 


Gold  Certificates 

Standard  Silver  Dollars 562,544, 5;>0| 

Silver  Certificates* 

Subsidiary  Silver 132  799  079' 

Treasury  Notes  of  1890 5'.707.0O0! 

"United  States  Notes 346,681.016 

"'"" --r-'  603,987.1:4 


$1,482.969, 710  $2(X>,  123,252 


.l$3, 134,688, 449 


80.085.260 
4.063.;364 

12,875.749 

7,812,842 

6.652 

3,555,391 

19,7   1,"  65; 


Amount  in  Circula- 
Jinn  Oct.  1.  1907. 

"~b«61.956,589 
640,204,609 
84.758.166! 
460.847,251 
124,986.237i 
5,760.348 
^4:3, 125,625 
584,27.'>.549 


$328, 834,075' $2, 805. 854,374 


.■\nionnt  in   Circula- 
tion <Vt.  1,  1906. 

:^684, 268, 074 
541.857.929 
81,662.707 
474,338.310 
116,001.510 
6.i)98,562 
342.858.598 
.564,148,004 


$2,812,133,694 


National  Bank  Notes.. 
Total.... 

Population  of  the  IJniled  Stated  Octotx^r  1,  1907,  estiinat'-.l  at  86.429,000;  circulation  pi-r  cajdt;!.  $32.48. 

*  For  redemption  of  ontstaniiing  certificates  an  e.xact  e<|i!ivaleni  in  amount  of  the  ajipropriate  kinds  of  money  is  held  in  tii* 
Treasury,  and  is  not  included  in  the  account  ^if  money  heiri  as  as.'L.'ts  of  tlie  Government. 

t This  statement  of  money  h?ld  in  the  Treasury  a-:  assets  of  tne  Oovrinment  does  not  include  deposits  of  public  money  ia 
Nitioual  Bank  depositaries  to  the  ere  lit  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  amounting  to  $158,304,380.82. 

For  a  full  st3tem-nt  of  as. ets  see  Public  I>eht  Statement.  .      "" 


362 


JRanhing  /Statistics. 


BANKING-    STATISTICS— 0»(y/H!/oZ. 


BANKING    STATISTICS    OF    EUROPE. 

Capital,  Specie,  Circulation,  Etc.,  of  tiik  rBiNciP.sb  Fdrkxun  Banks,  Jiinf.  30,  1907. 

[Expressed  iu  Millions  <>£  Poll.-irs.] 


Edropkan  Banks.       c 

Caiiitil. 

Gold. 

.Silvel' 

Total 
Specie. 

"CircuLa- 
tion. 

I>eji<isi  t8 

and 

Current 

Accounts. 

152.4 
IS.l 

"lY.h 

17.0 

.8 

102.4 

4.2 

140.2 

22  9 

:;5.0 

16,1 

10,6 

1,9 

2,5 

29.3 

235.6 

.6 

2:6.3 

340.0 

58.0 

2.2 

200.8 

381   5 

3:3.0 

7,691.0 
674.6 
650.5 

Loans. 

Imperial  Bank  of  Germany 

Banks  of  Issue  of  Germany 

28.9 

15.8 

41.9 

9.6 

'28.9 
1.9 

35.2 
3.9 

28.9 

11.6 

's'.s 

'l4.6 
2.9 
27.5 
1.1 
86,5 
44.9 
24.0 

15.0 
162.6 
128.6 

1,008.9 

102.6 

95.7 

'226".  6 

'    '6'.5 

27.2 

77.8 

4.9 

610.6 

"29!8 
8.6 
8.0 

'"s'.e 

14.6 

458.6 

2.7 

20.1 

"iois 

48.6 

"60.8 

'"'j'.b 

'i29'.6 
.3 

190.1 

""3.6 
.4 

"'&'.i 

.4 

30.3 

1  9 

10.3 

"i7'.7 

184.3 
16.1 

.....^ 

"24".6 
12.3 
12.1 
41.7 

'i42'.3 
24.1 

456.1 
37.5 

.•^'•3  i« 

141.0 

8.6 

34.9 

311.0 
18.2 

916.2 
23.1 

224.5 
66.6 
14.8 
21.4 

110.6 
74.5 
43.1 

582.2 

6.6 

52.8 

46.8 

6  1 

22.9 

170.8 

117.5 
29.2 

306.1 
SO. 8 
79.5 

412.3 

•17.6 

1-8.4 

National  Bank  of  Belgium..           

lis. 5 

National  liank  of  Bulj^arla 

National  Hank  of  Denmark 

11.9 

13.7 

198. 1 

11.7 

Bank  of  i*" ranee - 

142.8 

National  Bank  of  Greece 

21.6 

Bank  of  Italy 

127.5 

Bank  of  Naples 

Bank  of  Sicily 

3i.5 
10.9 

Bank  i>f  Norway 

Bank  fif  Netherlands .... 

Bank  of  Portugal 

National  iiank  of  Unumania 

12.0 
62  0 
26.5 
26.2 

Imperial  Hank  of  Uiissi.i 

224.2 

National  Hnnk  of  S  -rvia 

2.3 

Royal  Bank  of  Sweden.. .    

Banks  of  Issue  of  .Switzerland 

381.0 
324.5 

Imperial  (Jttoman  Bank 

35.4 

Bank  of  Al 'iers 

26.7 

Bankof,)apan 

Banks  of  Mexiio 

Banks  of  Ceiitril  and  South  America 

United  Kingdom  (including  Colonial    and 
Foreign  Joint  .Stock  Hauka  with  London 
offices ) 

Bank  of  Austr.ilisia 

Bank  of  Canada 

83.3 
388.7 
342.2 

6,651.1 
.'i57.7 
718.3 

Total . 

1,925.1 

1,459.9 

454.3 

457.9 

4,347.3 

11,455.0 

11,161.1 

TRANSACTIONS    OF   THE    NEW    YORK    CLEARING-HOUSE. 


Year 

Ending 

Skpt.  30. 


1892.. 
1893.. 
1894.. 
189.5  . 
1896  . 
1897.. 
1898. . 
1899. . 
1900. . 
1901.. 
1902. . 
190:3. . 
1904.. 
1905.. 
1906.. 
1907.. 


No.  of 
Bulks. 

~65~ 
65 
6(i 
67 
6(> 
66 
65 
64 
64 
62 
60 
57 
54 
54 
55 
53 


Ca)>ital. 


$60,422,700 

60,922.700 

61.622,700 

62.622.700 

60,622,700 

.59,022,700 

58.272.700 

58,922,700 

74.222.700 

81,722,700 

100,672,700 

113.072,700 

115,972.700 

11.5,972.700 

118,150,000 


Clearings,  f 


$36,279,905.2:^6 
34,421.380,870 
24,230,145.368 
28,264,379.126 
•29,350,894,884 
31,;337,760,94S 
39,853,413,948 
.57,368,230.771 
51.964,588,564 
77,020,672,464 
74,753,189,435 
70,8:33,655,940 
59,672.796,804 
91.879,31^369 
103,7.54,100,091 
I   9  ..315.421,2:38 


Balances  Paid  iu 
Monej'. 

$1.861,500,"575 
1,696,207.176 
1.585,241.6:34 
1.896,574.349 
1,843.289,2:39 
1,908,901.898 
2, 338,  .529, 016 
3,085,971.370 
2,730.441.810 
3,515.037.741 
3.377.504,072 
3.315.516,487 
3,10.5,858,576 
3,953,875,975 
3.8:32,621,023 
3,813.926.108 


Average  Daily 
Clearings. 


.•iill8, 

113, 
79. 
92, 
96, 

103. 

131. 

189. 

170. 

2.54. 

2^5. 

233. 

195, 

302. 

342, 

31 ;. 


561, 782 
978.082 
704.426 
670,095 
232. 442 
424,954 
529,419 
961,029 
936,147 
193,639 
898,649 
005.447 
648,. 51 4 
234, 600 
422,772 
3.57.569 


Average    Daily 

Balances  Paid 

in  Money. 

.$6,083.:335 

6,616,580 

5,214,611 

6,218,276 

6.043,571 

6,300,0(16 

7,717.918 

10.218,448 

8.981.716 

11,600,785 

11.110,210 

10,906.304 

10,183.143 

13.006.171 

12,648,914 

12,545.809 


Balances 

to 
Clearings 

"0.1^ 
4.9 
6.5 
6.7 
6.2 
6.0 
5.87 
5.37 
5.25 
4.57 
4.51 
4.68 
5.20 
4.33 
3.69 
4.68 


EXCHANGES    OF    CLEARING-HOUSES    OF    UNITED    STATES    CITIES. 


Cr.EAUIXG- 
HofSK  AT- 

New  York... 

Boston. 

Chicago 

Philadelp'ia 

St.  Louis 

San  Franc' CO 
Baltimore. . 
Pittsburgh. .. 
Cincinnati.. . 
Kansas  City 
New  Orleans 
Minneapolis. 

Detroit 

Louisville 

Cleveland. . . 

Other  citie.s.. 

Total 


EKCttANTGKS    FOR    YKARS    EN^DED   SEPTE.MBER   30- 


1907. 


1906. 


$95,315, 
8,548, 
12,265. 
<?7,.508. 
3. 180, 
2.299, 
3,499. 
2  761. 
1,31)9. 
1.605. 

i.o;30 

1,120, 

726, 

670, 

914, 

13,814, 

154,662. 


421,2:38 
822,227 
923, 407 
09t;.431 
.98.102 
411.061 
394.515 
441,799 
770.100 
752, 9:39 
2H8.  1 62 
680.545 
744,655 
7.")2,450 
6.58.049 
779.578 

515.2.58 


$103,754,100, 

8.149.:377. 

10.873.546, 

\^  7.55:3,273, 

2.9:34.576, 

1.875.314, 

1,4:32,070, 

2.6:30,996. 

1  291.921. 

1.184.893, 

984,264, 

976.122, 

650.042, 

640,  .362, 

812.973, 

12,005,495, 

157.749,328, 


rl 


1905. 


1904. 


1903. 


091  $91. 
513   - 


251 
999 
6-!0 
042 
248 
408 
250 
262 
235 
113 
094 
310 
376 
101 

913 


t , 

9. 

6, 

2. 

1, 

1. 

2. 

1 

1 


879,318, 

469.812. 

821,718, 

766,147 

907, 886. 

753.010. 

249,411. 

4:31.366, 

192,062. 

167, 294, 

953, 995, 

901.693, 

575,309, 

594.:392. 

754.739. 

083,082, 


369  $59,672, 
036   6.419, 
8,808, 
5.491. 
2.682 


562 
857 
282 
570 
909 
780 
600 
894 
96 
286 
.58*5 
208 
346 
176 


1..513. 
1.097. 

1.986. 

1.196, 

1.09  >. 
961, 
793. 
516, 
,5:',9, 
700. 

8.673, 


796,804 
272, 150 
093.268 
236,568 
218,323 
927,257 
60:3.459 
720.497 
8.54. 4<X) 
4U0.926 
992.245 
558,708 
588,762 
702.428 
078,208 
269,979 


JX), 

140. 501, 841.0571102, 150, 313, 982  114,068.837,569 


$70,833, 

6, 83  < , 

8,627, 

5,968, 

2,465, 

l,.5i:}, 

1.169, 

2:381. 

1.153. 

1,046. 

853, 

731, 

523, 

529, 

804, 

8,629, 


655,940 
767,883 
554.264 
775,428 
057,926 
511,886 
5:31,519 
454.2:31 
865. 500 
312,379 
077.687 
.5.58.965 
569  677 
260. 638 
8,-0.901 
032,745 


Clcaricj^-Houae  returuspreparRd  for  TuB  Wobld  Almanac  by  AssistaDt  Manager  W.  J.  Gilpin,  of  New  York  Clearinj^-UouM* 


Stafistlcs  of  Savings  JJanks. 


363 


NUMBER  OF  DEPOSITORS,  AMOUNT  OF  DEPOSITS,  AND  AVERAGE  TO  EACH  DEPOSITOR, 

1906-1907. 


States 

AND 

Tkrritoriks. 

Xnniber  of 
Depositors. 

Amount  of 
Deposits. 

Average 

to  EaA 

Depositor. 

States 

AND 

Tkrritouies. 

Number  of 
Depositors. 

Amount  of 
Deposits. 

Average 

to  Each 

Depositor. 

Maine 

221,883 
183.243 
154.325 
1,908,378 
122.319 
517.-^01 

$84,394,909 

$380.  36 

WpstVirfflnia ... 

5,350'               $1,125,481 
32,7701                 6,171,535 
27.336'               l(l4.iX47(i 

$210.37 

188.33 
382.40 

N.  Hampshire... 
Veriiioiit 

81,124,710 
57.444.294 

694.081.142 
66,391  174 

246,264,985 

442.  72  North  Carolina. 
372.23  South  Carolina. 

•J^IQ    Til' 

Ma.s.sachusetts  .. 
Rhode  Island.... 
Couueciicut 

$17,750,486 
54,463,676 

542.  77 
476.  06 

1    S' thern  States 
Ohio 

65,456 
99,651 

$271.18 
546. 54 

3,107,449 

2,740,80S 

283.689 

454.995 

31,400 

217.183 

33,034 

$1,229,701,214 

1,394,296,034 

94,211,004 

159,174,012 

8.819,087 

76,798.308 

5,618,368 

$395. 72 
508.  72 

Indiana  

31,361 

605,918 

6,181 

93,152 
376,783 

11,435,176 

194,668,858 

1,234,606 

24,028,724 
135,370,436 

364.63 

N.  Eng.  States 

Illinois  

\\'isoonsin 

321. 27 
199  74 

New  York 

Minnesota. 

257  95 

NewJei-sey 

Penn.svl  vania 

332.  09 

Iowa 

359  28 

349.84 
280. 86 
353,61 
170.  08 

j    Middle  States. 

California 

United  States. 

Delaware  

INIarvland 

1,213,046 
441,751 

$421,201,476 
282,508.956 

§347.23 

Dis. of  Columbia 
East'n  State.'? 

639.53 

3,761,109 

$1,738,916,813 

$462.  34 

8,588,811 

$3,690,078,945 

$429.64 

Whole  number  of  banks,  1,415 


amount  of  deposits.  $255. 395.  Louisiana,  1899-1900,  depositors,  10.518;  amount  of  deposits,  $3.- 
284,892,  Te.xas,  1899-1900.  depositors,  2, 986;  amount,  $584, 424.  Tennessee,  1900-1901,  depositors, 
19,823;  amount, $3,519,333.  

SAVINGS  BANKS,  DEPOSITORS,  AND  DEPOSITS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  EVERY  TEN 
YEARS  FROM  1830  TO  1890  AND  ANNUALLY  SINCE  1895. 


Year. 

Number  of 
Banks. 

1830 

36 

1S40 

61 

Is50 

108 

IsGO 

278 

1S70 

517 

18.-0 

629 

1890 

921 

1895 

1,017 

1896 

9  8 

1897 

9S0 

Number  of 
Depositora. 


38,085 

78.701 

251.354 

693.870 

1.630.S46 

2.335.582 

4. 258. 893 

4.875.519 

5. 065, 494 

5,201,132 


Deposits. 


S6. 

14, 

43. 

149. 

549. 

819. 

1.524. 

1.810. 

I,s07, 

1, 939. 


973.304 
051.520 
431.130 
277.504 
874.358 
106.973 
844.506 
597,023 
156,277 
376.035 


Number  0 

\ear. 

Banks. 

1898.... 

979 

1899.... 

942 

1900.... 

1,002 

1901.... 

1.007 

1902.... 

1,036 

1903.... 

1,078 

1904.... 

1,157 

1905 

1.237 

1906... 

1.319 

1907... 

1,415 

Number  of 
Depositors. 

"5738577^46" 
5,687.818 
6.107.083 
6.358.723 
6.666.672 
7,035.228 
7,305,44  . 
7,696.229 
8.027,192 
8,588.811 


Deposits. 


$2,065. 
2.230, 
2.449. 
2.597, 
2,750, 
2,935. 
3,(!60, 
3.261. 
3,482, 
3.690. 


631.298 
366.954 
547,885 
094.580 
177, 290 
204.845 
178.611 
236.119 
137,198 
078,945 


The  above  and  following  tables  were  compiled  from  the  report  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency, 

NUMBER  OF  DEPOSITORS  AND  AMOUNT  OF  DEPOSITS  IN  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 
(Latest  reports  received  by  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency. ) 


Countries. 


Austria . 

Belgium 

Bulgaria, 

Cmada.. 

Chile. 


Denmark 

E?ypt 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Hungary 

India  (British). 
Italy 


Japan  

Luxemburg.. 
Nptlierlands.. 
New  Zealand, 


Norwi 


Rou  mania 

Russia 

Spain ; 

S<vedeu 

Switzerland .i». 

United  Kingdom  , . 

Vutt^4  tStatsst  I  !>•  t  ik«>t « tVtit •  ••••••••'kt'ti t  titii > 


Period. 


1905 
1905 
1904 
1906 
1904 
1905 
19^)6 
19'15 
19ii5 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1906 
1906 
1906 
19(^6 
1905 
1905 
1904 
li^ii6 
1905 
1905 
1900 
1905 
H906.7 


Number 

of 

Depositors. 


5,514,570 

2,311,845 

124,007 

209,563 

84,460 

1,323,044 

59.084 

243,525 

12,134,523 

17,294,217 

1.546,629 

1,11.5,758 

6,545,678 

12  552,050 

57,491 

1,649,769 

316,350 

79(1,307 

157,099 

5,665,996 

415,196 

1,941.655 

1.300.000 

II. 694.918 

«, 588 ,811 


Total 
Deposits. 

Average 

Deposit 

Account. 

$1,033,183,961 

$187.32 

151,64X1,983 

65.59 

2,72.3,182 

21.95 

63,741,650 

293.07 

2,576,938 

30  51 

212,990.390 

160. 9e 

1.606.475 

27.19 

24,434.885 

100.33 

898,376,625 

74.03 

2,831,333,000 

163.71 

370,944,925 

239.84 

45,396,741 

40.69 

233.735.421 

35.71 

75,966,732 

6.05 

9,372,493 

163.03 

91,649,000 

65.55 

47,564,947 

150.35 

100. 250, ►^02 

126.85 

•       8,038,960 

51  17 

533,346,000 

94.13 

54,799,182 

131.98 

175,917,932 

90,60 

193,000,000 

148.46 

996,827,464 

85.24 

8,690.07»,948 

439.64 

Average 
Deposit  i'er 
Inha'  it  nt. 


$.38.20 

21.19 

.68 

11.14 

.79 

82.26 

.14 

8.52 

22.88 

*6.66 

19.19 

.20 

6.96 

1.57 

37.99 

16.39 

53.52 

43.38 

1.28 

3.67 

2  90 

32.98 

62,20 

23.00 

41247 


364 


The  Bankruptcy  Law. 


^^^^' 


Kf^t  JJanttruptcg  Hato. 


EXTBACTS  FROM  THE  UNITKD  STATES  BANKRUPTCY  ACT  OF  JULY  1,  1898. 

Sec.  4.   Who  May  Become  Bankrupts.  — (o)  Any  person  who  owes  debts,  except  a  corporatiDn, 
shall  be  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  this  act  as  a  voluntaiy  bankrupt. 

(6)  Any  natural  person  (except  a  wage-earner  or  a  person  enf,'aged  chiefly  in  farming  or  the  tillage 
of  the  soil),  any  unincorporated  company,and  any  corporation  engaged  principally  in  manufacturing, 
trading,  printing,  publishing, or  jnercantile  pursuits,  owing  debts  to  the  amount  of  one  thousand  dollars 
or  over,  may  be  adjudged  an  involuntary  bankrupt  upon  default  or  an  impartial  trial,  and  shall  be 
subject  to  the  provisions  and  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  this  act.  Private  bankei-s.  but  not  national 
bauKs  or  banks  incorporated  under  .State  or  Territorial  laws,  may  be  adjudged  involuntary  bankrupts. 

Sec.  7.  Dittxhsof  liANKRUPTs.  — ((()  Thebankruptsliall  (1)  attend  the  first  meetingof  his  creditors. 
If  directed  by  tlie  court  or  a  judge  thereof  to  do  .so, and  tlie  hoaring  upon  his  application  for  a  discharge, 
if  tiled;  (2)  comply  witli  all  lawful  orders  ol  the  court;  (3)  examine  the  correctness  of  all  proofs  of 
claims  tiled  against  his  estate;  (4)  execute  and  deliver  sucli  papers  asshall  be  ordered  bj-  the  court;  (5) 
execute  to  his  trustee  transfers  of  all  his  property  in  foreign  countries;  (6)  immediatelj-  inform  his 
trustee  of  an  J' attempt,  by  his  creditors  or  oilier  persons,  to  evade  the  provisions  of  this  act,  coming 
to  his  knowledge;  (7)  in  case  of  any  person  having  to  his  knowledge  proved  a  fal.se  claim  against  his 
estate,  disclose  that  tact  immediately  to  his  trustee;  (8)  prepare,  make  oath  to,  and  file  in  court  within 
ten  days,  unle.ss  further  time  is  granted,  after  the  adjudication  if  an  involuntary  bankrupt,  and  with 
the  petition  if  a  voluntary  bankrupt,  a  schedule  of  his  property,  showing  the  amount  and  kind  of 
property,  the  location  thereof,  its  money  value  iu  detail,  and  a  list  of  his  creditors,  .showing  their  resi- 
dences,"if  known  (if  unknown  that  fact  to  be  stated),  the  amouut  due  each  of  them,  tlie  consideration 
thereof,  the  security  held  by  them,  if  any,  and  a  claim  for  such  exemptions  as  he  may  be  entitled  to, 
all  in  triplicate. one' copy  of  each  for  the  clerk, one  for  the  referee, and  one  for  the  trustee;  and  (9)  when 
present  at  the  first  meeting  of  his  creditors,  and  at  .such  other  times  as  the  court  shall  order,  submit  to 
an  examination  concerning  the  conductingof  his  business,  the  cau.se  of  his  bankruptcy,  his  dealings  with 
his  creditors  and  other  pei-sons,  tlieamount,  kind,  and  whereabouts  of  his  property',  and.  in  addition, 
i,ll  matters  which  may  atFect  the  administration  and  settlement  of  his  estate;  but  no  testimony  given 
by  him  shall  be  offered  in  evidence  against  him  in  any  criminal  proceedings. 

Provided,  however,  that  he  shall  not  be  required  to  attend  a  meeting  ot  his  creditors,  or  at  or  for 
an  examination  at  a  jilace  more  than  one  hundred  and  fiftj' miles  distant  from  his  home  or  principal 
place  of  business,  or  to  examine  claims  except  when  presented  to  him,  unless  ordered  by  the  couft,  or 
a  judge  thereof,  for  cause  shown,  and  the  bankrupt  shall  be  paid  his  actual  expenses  from  the  estate 
when  examined  or  required  to  attend  at  anj- place  other  than  the  city,  town,  or  village  of  his  residence. 


FAILURES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


manufacturers. 

Iron,  foundries,  and  nails 

Machinery  and  tools 

Woollens,' carpets,  and  knit  goods. 

Cottons,  lace,  and  hosiery 

Lumber,  carpenters,  and  coopers., 

Clothing  and  millinery 

Hats,  gloves,  and  furs ^ 

Chemicals,  drugs,  and  paints 

Printing  and  engraving 

Milling  and  bakers 

Leather,  shoes,  and  harness 

Liquors  and  tobacco 

Gla.s.s,  earthenware,  and  bricks 

Another 


Total  manufacturing. 


traders. 
General  stores 

Groceries,  meats,  and  fish — 

Hotels  and  restaurants 

liiquors  and  tobacco 

Clothing  and  furnishing 

Dry  goods  and  carpets 

{Shoes,  rubbers,  and  trunks. . . 

Furniture  and  crockery 

Hardware,  stoves,  and  tools. 

Drngs  and  paints 

Jewelry  and  clocks 

Books  and  papers 

Hats,  furs,  and  gloves 

All  other 


Total  trading 

Brokers  and  transporters. 

Total  commercial 

Banking 


NUMBKR.* 


1907 


42 
117 

17 

21 

282 

274 

27 

21 

120 

139 

50 

72 

58 

714 

1,954 


936 

1,611 

298 

571 

470 

330 

176 

161 

221 

243 

131 

55 

18 

657 


1906. 


29 

95 

13 

3 

198 

287 
26 
34 
90 

102 
47 
69 
66 

74S 


1,801 


965 
1,541 
31 
67 
486 
338 
194 
120 
204 
238 
13 
32 
33 
571 


Liabilities.* 


5,878  6,848 

258!  263 

8,090  7.912 

29  45 


1907. 


$4,100,213 

13,109,530 

1.280,747 

2,153,659 

15,262.140 

3,746,241 

312,704 

490,269 

1,2.^5,863 

1,698,073 

774,700 

1,863,178 

2,007,575 

14,749,065 


$62,783,95: 


$6,529,52 

5,605,278 

3,466,634 

2,301,706 

4,568,174 

3,795,583 

850,404 

1,621,371 

1,810,196 

1.49S,161 

1,111,947 

301.258 

126,701 

6,306,987 


1906. 


Yearly  Failures. 


Year. 


$2,255,378 

3,580,007, 

693,414 

116,000 

3,981,770 

1,987.978^ 

243,688 

337.173 

865,047 

792,153 

1,760,842 

708,723 

1,3.59,050 

11,728.753 

$30,409,976 


$6,609,562' 
5,231,890 
2,501,867; 
2.657,388 
3,588,085 
3,737,536 
1,096.732 

893,364 
1,899.233 

900,612 
1,268,183 

172,735 

428.374 
4,930.317 


$39,893,927 

13..358,464 

$116,036,348 

$12,945,669 


$35,91 5,878 

18.334,383 

t 

$84 ,660 ,237  j 
$13,887.10o' 


1863. . . 
1864... 

1865... 

11866... 

1867... 

1868... 

1869... 

1870... 

1871 . . . 

1872... 

1873. . . 

1874... 

1875... 

1876... 

;1877... 

1878... 

1879... 

1880... 

1881... 

1882... 

1883.    . 

1884... 

!l885... 

1886... 

11887. . . 

'1888... 

1889. . . 

1890... 

1891... 

1892... 

1893. . 

1894.. 

1895.. 

1896.. 

1897.. 

1898.. 

|1899.. 

1900.. 

1901.. 

1 1902- . 

1903.. 

1904.. 

1905.. 

1906. . 


Ko. 


Liabilities. 


495 

520 

530 

1,505 

2,780 

2.608 

2,799 

3,546 

2,915 

4,069 

5,183 

5.830 

7.740 

9,092 

8,872 

10,478 

6,658 

4,735 

5,582 

6.738 

9184 

10,968 

10.637 

9,834 

9.634 

10,679 

10.882 

10,907 

12,273 

10,344 

15,242 

13.885 

13.197 

15,088 

13.-351 

12,186 

9.337 

10,774 

11.002 

11.615 

12.069 

12.199 

11.520 

10,6S2 


$7,899,900 

8,579,000 

17,625,000 

53,78.3,000 

96.666.000 

63,694,000 

75.054 ,0.'.4 

88.242.000 

85,2.52,000 

121.0.56,000 

228.499,900 

165,239.000 

201,000,000 

191,117,000 

190,669,936 

234.383,132 

98.149,053 

65,752,000 

81,1,55,932 

101,547,564 

172,874,172 

226.343,427 

124,220,321 

114,644,119 

167.560,944 

123,829,973 

148,784,3,37 

189.8.56,964 

189,868,638 

114.044,167 

346,779,889 

172,992,856 

173196,060 

226.096,834 

154,332,071 

130,662.899 

90,879,889 

138,495.673 

113,092.376 

117.476.769 

1.55,444186 

144.202,311 

102,676.172 

119,201,516 


•  Nine  months  to  September  30.     Other  years  calendar  yeaia. 
The  World  Almanac  by  B.  U.  Dun  «fc  Co.  - 


These  statistics  vvyic  ^jrepared  for 


Stock  JList  and  Prices  of  Leading  Stocks  in  1907. 


isiocfc  ±,ist  ana  i^rices  oj  J^eaaing  /stocks  in 

StocU  Hist  antr  yciccs  of  Hcatrins  .Stodts 

OUTSTANDING  STOCK,  BONDED  INDEBTP:DNESS,  AND  MILEAGE. 
Highest  and  Lowest  Prices  on  the  New  York  Stock  Kxchaxoe  in  1906  and  1907. 


m  1907. 


Stocks. 


Adams  Express $12,000,000 

Allis-ehalmeis 19,8:2U,(tOO  ' 

Allis-CliaMiieis  pfd 16.150,000  i 

Ainaliiiimatetl    Copper 153,a87,9oO 

American  Agricultural  Chemical 17,114,100  > 

American  Agricultural  Chemical  pfd 18,382,000  J 

American  Jieet  Sugar  (^0 15,000,000  / 

American  Heel  Sugar  pit).  («) 4.000,000)' 

A  merican  Can 41.233,;'.00  ' 

American  Can  pld 41,138.3,3000 

American  Car  &  Foundr.v 30.000,000 

American  Car  &  Foundry  pfd 30,000.000 

American  Cotton   Oil 2-',237,100  ' 

American  Cotton  Oil  pfd 10,198,600  J 

American  Express 18.000,000 

American  (Srass  Twine  (a) 16,000  000 

American  Hide  &  Leather 11,274,100' 

American  Hide  &  f.eaiher  pfd 12 ,.548,300  $ 

American  Ice  Secnrities 19,037,100 

American  Linseed  (a) 16,750.000' 

American  Linseed  pfd  ((/) 16,750,000^ 

American  fjocomot  ve  (^0 25,000,000  i 

American  fjocomotive  pfd.  («; 2o,000,000J 

American  >ralt  Corp 5.897  uOO  ' 

American  Malt  Corp    pfd 8,952.800  J 

Anieric.in  Siuelters  Securities  pfd  B 30,000.000 

American  smelting  &  Refining 50,000.000'' 

American  Snelting  &  Ketiniiig  pfd oO,000,000> 

American  Snutf  (a) 11,001,700  i 

American  Snn'f"  pfd   ('() 12.000,000  i 

American  Steel   Foundries 15,810,000  ' 

AmericanSteel   Foundries  pfd 17,240,000^ 

American  Sugar   Uefining{(n 45,000,000 

American  Sugar  lletining  pfd.  (a) 45,000,000 

American  Teleplione  &  Telegraph 158,661.800 

American  Tobacco  pfd 78,689,100 

American  Woollen  (<i) 29,501,100' 

American  Woollen    pld.frr) 35,000,000!) 

Anaconda  Copper  Mining  (") 30,000,000 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Ft- 103,001,0001 

Atcliison.  TopeUa  &  Santa  Fe  pfd 114,199,530) 

Atlantic  Coast   Line 48,537,600 

Baltimore  &  Ohio 152,174  829  ^ 

Baltimore  &  '  )!iio  old 60,000,000  i 

Betlili'hem  steel  ..'. 14,?<62  000  > 

Bethlehem  steel    pfd 14,908,000J 

Brooklyn  llapi<l  Transit  (cf) 45,000,000 

Brooklyn  I'n'ion  (ias |  15,000,000 

Bullalo,  Rochester  &  Fittshnrgh i  10,500,000' 

Bnllalo.  Rochester  &  Fittsl)nrgh  pfd 6,000.000) 

Canada  Soul  horn .\ I  15.000,000 

Canadian  Pacific 1121,680,0(0 

Central  Leather 38.393.4571 

Central  Leatlier   pfd 31.061,000 

Chesapeake  &  i  )liio I  62.799,100 


Stock 
Outstanding. 


Chicago.  Burlington  &  Qnincy 

Chicasro threat  Western 

ChicagoUreat  Western  deb 

ChicagoGreat  Western   pfd. "A" 

Chicagotlreat  Western   pfd.  "'B" 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Pan! 

Chicago,  ^filwaukee  ct  St.  Paul  pfd 

Ohlc,  Mil.  &  St.  Paul  com.,  25  p.  c.  paid. . . 
Chic  ,  Afil.  &  St.  Paul  pfd.  25  p.  c.  paid... . 

Chicago,  Rock  island  &   Pacific 

Chicago,  St.  P..  Minn,  .t  Omaha 

Chicago.  St.  P.,  INIinn.  it  Omaha  pfd 

Cliicago  Union  Traction 

Chicago  Union  Traction  pfd 

Chicago *fe  .Alton 

Chicago^  .Alton  pfd  

Chicago  ife.  Northwestern 

Chicago  tfe  Northwestern  pfd 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chic.  &  St.  L 

Cleyelaud,  Ciucinuati,  Chic.  &  St.  L.  pfd. 


Bonds 
Outstanding. 


110.839,1(  0 
44,464.545 
26,127,000 
11.336,900 
23,019,606 
83.107,HIO  ) 
49,891,400  ) 


74,854.100 
11.256,8(10  ' 
18,556.200  S 
20,000,000  ' 
12,000.000  S 
19,542,8001 
20,423,300  (■ 
99.607,000  > 
22,395,000  S 
47.056.100  ? 
10,000,000  J 


$36,000,000 
10,550,000 


5,000,000 


7,425,000 
2,897,080 


561,000 


3,500,000 


158.000,000 
111,648,300 


277,577,500 

47.322.000 

248,240,430 


78,359,000 
18.000,000 

17,495,000 

20.000,000 
40,238,086 

34,526,100 

90,0.51,354 
168,690,000 


122,176,500 

174,332,000 
27,482,800 

25,993,000 

59,350,000 

152,122,000 

63,612,727 


U     — 

J,    2 


t4 


D.ite  Pay- 
ment  Lxst 
Dividend 
Declared. 


Dec.    2,190: 


lU  Feb 


Highest 
and 

LniVfSt, 

1906. 


3 

■in 
m 

3 
3 


Oct, 
Oct. 


300 

27% 
67 


1,1904 

Nov.25,1907;il8M 
34!^ 
15,1907'li)2 
35 
1,1907  89>^ 


Oct.     1,190 
Oct.     1,1907   47>^ 
net.    1. 1907;i05 
Dec.    1.1906  AiM 
Dec.    2.1907'  95 
.Ian.    2,1908272 
Jan.    2,1903i  \\H 

10 
Aug.  15.190.5!  43 
l%,.Iuly20,1907  96 

•  •I        ....        -yM 

1%  Sept.  15, 1900  53 
1.^4' Vov.  26,1907    78}.^ 
l%Oct.    2l,1907jl20M 


Highest 

and 

l.,'>west, 

1907(b) 


240     330 
16       16?i 

.40  4;% 
92%  121% 
20  25% 
90  I  95 
203*  I  23>^ 
82%  80 

60^ 
45)^ 


98>^ll03 


28 

90 

215 

5>^ 
24 


361,:, 

921..'; 

247  " 

30>^ 


13i 
2 


Dec. 
(let. 


\   l%Oct 
J   3    Oct. 
\   IJ^  Oct, 

(  i    Aug! 

IMI.Tair. 
IMJan. 
2  SOct. 
l.^.Oct. 

I  'iMOct.' 
$1.25()ct. 
Dec. 
Aug. 
.lulv 
Sept, 
Sept 


1   21, 


2,1907:i07% 
15.1907  174 
1, 1907  130 
1,1907J220 

1.1907  107 

1.1904   53J4 

2. 1908  157     I 
2,1908140    I 

15, 1907144% 

1,19071109    I 

48    ! 

1.5, 1907  110% 

16,1907    75 
2.1907lll()i^ 
1.1907 1 106 

10,1907  167?^ 
3,1907125}^ 
3,1907    991^ 


3514    88 
16%|  193^ 
;^       36 
53^1  75:54 
K8.J^  112 
71.. 


^M 


40 
931^ 


1311.^  1.55 
112     117% 


.100 
100 

m 

40 
|127ii, 
11281,- 
130 
I  96 

28 
101 

55% 


1.50 

4 

14 

^m 

10 

75 

iH 

75 
3 
34 
24% 

78 

21 

70 

175 

3 

2H 

9 

^H 

6% 
16X 
323i 
83 

2'.^ 
17 
60 
58M 
81M 
150 
70 

4^ 
20 


205 
102 

im 

47>^ 

I37><j 

131%i  97 

133     106 
98!^  .89?i 
36'.,   60 

102%l  121^ 


mu 


H  iTeb.'  1,1907 


881.^ 
941^ 


.f  2j^Ang. 
(.  3    I  Aug. 

IJilAug. 

3>6|Oct. 


June  1,1906178 


15.1907j]53 
15,1907,150 


1.1907 
1,190 


1 

8 

'2 

2Vi 

5  "3>^ 
I  31. 


80%  IO8I4 

98    |10l% 

131^  13;% 

lObH  122 


90 

17>^ 
62 
71 


70% 
20m' 


.Tan. 
Dec. 
Oct. 

Jul.v 
Apr. 

Oct. 


4!»%1 
2,19081071^1 
12,1907    65% 
1,1907  220 
23% 
86}^ 
80 
395-^ 

3,1907155^ 


15,190 
1,1907 


943^ 

20H 
65 
8:i% 
105112^25 
124    1115 
139>rtl393^    . 
63    1  65^!  52 
155%  19514  l:.8 
34       40 
989^  102 
5Hr  i  56 


68 

251^ 

66% 

78 

58 

75% 

75 

23 

26H 

80 

68 

90 


202 
16 

79^ 

70 

24% 


228 
18 
79 

im 

26>^ 


146><;  1571^2 


m  Oct. 
'dh  -Aug. 
Aug. 


IH 


2 
2 


1,190: 
20,190' 
20,190'; 


Oct.  25,1900 


Jul  J' 

luly 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Jan, 


1,1907 
1.1907 
1.1907 
3.19071 
30,1908, 


150 

,198 

202 
13% 
46% 
38  H 
80% 

240 

270 

109% 

118 


160 


150 
168 
175 
3% 

11% 

25 

70 
192 
^25 

90 
110 


1651^ 

141 

149 

170 
165 
6H 

19% 

27^ 

69 
205 
234 

92% 


11% 

68 

233^ 
2(t0 
6% 

50 

25 
8>^ 

933^ 
130 

85 
111 

1()6 
145 

m 

7 

48 
126 
183 

48 


108%!  92 


366 


Stock  List  and  Prices  of  Leadhifj  Stocks  in  1907. 

STOCK  LIST  AND  PRICP:.S  OV^  LEADIN(i  STOCKS  liV  \m)l -Contimted. 


Stocks. 


Cleveland,  Lorain  &  Wheeling 

Cleveland,  Lorain  &  Wheeling  pfd 

Cleveland  &  Pittsburgh 

Colorado  it  Southern 

Colorado  &  Southern  1st  pfd 

Colorado  &  Suutliern  2d  pfd 

Columbus  &  Hockiug  Coal  &  Iron 

Consolidated  Coal 

Consol  idated  Gas 

Corn  Products  Refining..  

Corn  Products  Refining  pfd 

Delaware,  LacJiawaumi  &  Western 

Delaware  &  Hudson 

Denver  &  Rio  Grande 

Denver  <S  Rio  Grande  pfd 

Des  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge 

Diamond  Match 

Distillers  Securities  Compauj-  (aj 

Duluth, South  Shore  &  Atlantic  (o) 

Duluth, South  Shore  &  Atlantic  pfd  ((0 

Erie 

Erie  1st  pfd 

Erie  2d  pfd 

Evansville  &  Terre  Haute 

Evansville  &  Terre  Haute   pfd 

Federal  Mining  &  Smelting 

Federal  Mining  &  Smelting  pfd 

Federal  Sugar 

Federal  Sugar  pfd 

Fort  Worth  &  Denver  City  (a) 

General  Chemical 

General  Chemical  pfd 

General  Electric 

Granby  Consol.  Mining,  Smelting  &  Power 

Great  Northern  pfd 

Great  Northern  pfd  receipts 

Great  Northern  tem.  ore  ctfs  [a) 

Hocking  Valley  Receipts 

Hocking  Valley  pfd 

Homestake  Mining 

Illinois  Central 

Interborough-  Metropolitan 

Interborough- Metropolitan  pfd 

International  ^I-rrcantile  Marine 

International  :\rercantile  Marine  pfd 

International  Pajier 

Tuternational  Paper  pfd 

International  Power  (a) 

Internalioniil  steam  Pumj) ; 

International  Steam  Pumj)  pfd 

Iowa  Central 

Iowa  Central  pfd 

Kansas  City  southern 

Kansas  City  Southern  pfd 

KMok'ik  &  Des  .Moines 

Keok!iK-&  Des  .Aloines  pfd 

Knickprbocker  Ice 

Knickf^rbocker  Ire  pfd 

Lake  Krie  &  Western 

Lake  Erie  &  Western  pfd 

I^ake  Shore 

Louff  Island 

Louisville ife  Xasliville 

Mackay  Companies 

^fackay  Companies  pfd 

I^fanhattan   Rail.vay 

^Maryland  Coal  pfd 

Mergenthaler  f.,in()type 

Metropolitan  St  reel  Railway  (o) 

Mexican  Central ." 

Michigan  Central ,. 

Minneapolis. St.  Paul  &  Sault  Ste.  IVfiirie. .. 
Minneap..st.  Paul  &  Sault  .Ste.  Marie  pfd... 

Minneapolisfe  St.  Louis 

Minneapolis  &  st.   r,.  pfd.  5  p.  c.  non-cum. . 

Misfionri.  Kansas  &  Texas ' 

MHsourl,  Kansas  &  Texas  pfd i..... 

Ml.«sonr!  Paciao » 

MorrUlt  RVMX „,,....,.. 


Stock 
Outstanding. 


$8,000,000  \ 
5,UU0,(J00J 
1«,725,393 
31,000,000  / 
8,500,000  c 
8,590,000  ) 
7,000,000 
10,250,000 
80,000.000 
49,116.000 
28,281,900 
26,200,000 
42,399.500- 
38,000,000  'I 
45,750,900  ) 
4,283,100 
16.000,000 
30,722,959 
12,000,000  \ 
I  10,000,000) 
112,378,900  / 
47,892.400  / 
16,000,000  ) 
4,000,000  > 
1,284,000  i 
6,000,000 
12,000,000 
6,677,200 
3,322,800 
9,375,000 
7,410,300 
11,000,000 
65.167,400 
l;i,500,(i00 
149,577,500 


11,000,000  > 

1 15,000.000  )' 

21.840,000 

'95.040,0(10 

! 92,360.100  / 

145.284  000  )■ 

49,932,735 

51.730.971 

;  17,442.800  I 

I  22.406,700  )■ 

5,048.000 
I  17.762..500  / 
1  11.350.000) 
I    8.524,683/ 
\    5,674,771  5 
30,000,000  / 
21.000,000) 
2.600,400  / 
1,524,6(10) 
4.000,000  I 
3.00(1,000  I 
11.840,000  > 
11.840,000  ) 
oO.OOo.OOO 
12.000.000 
60.000,000 
41.380,400 
50,000.000 
60,000.01'0 
1,885.005 
1(1,996,00(1 
52 .000 .0(10 
59,127,100 
18,738.000 
14,0('0,000  ) 
7,000,000  S 
6,000.000  \ 

4.000,000  ^ 

«3,300,3t>0  ) 
13.01 '0,(J(iO  I 
77,817,876 

]l>iOog,ooQ 


Bonds 
Outstanding. 


$9,893,000 
9,887,000 

38.431,207 

1,1.32.000 

5,155,000 

21,244,600 

3*,067,000 
20,577,000 

49,134,500 

3,672,000 

13,990,442 
20,000,000 

194,334,900 

6,627,000 


8,176,000 
2,047,000 

19,540,000 

127,638,275 
67,804,000 

17,727,000 

3,500  000 
9,720,000 
30,000,000 
2,750,000 
2,201,000 

10,875,900 

135,000,000 

43,168,702 

133,070,650 

39,5i5'l,000 

40,668.000 

l.'?6.116,577 

26,765,000 

53,355,000 

19,795.900 

76.300,300 
60,013,000 

lo.on.ooo 


1.* 
31     ^ 


D.ite   Pay- 
nifiit  L;ist 
I)ivi<leiid 
iJeclared. 


Highest 

and 
Lowest, 

1906. 


Highest 

and 

Lowest, 

1907.(b) 


100 

23^  Oct.  1,1907112 
IM  Dec.  2, 1907 176 
I  41 
Oct.  1,1907'  73% 
Oct.  1.  1907159 
l>6'Oct.  1,19071303^ 
IJ^Ocl.  31,1907100 
1     Dec.  16, 1907|181M 

I  28 

'i     Oct.  I0,'l907  85%! 

10     Dec.  16. 1907565    : 

2}iSept.l6, 1907  232    ' 

i  51?^ 

2>^:July  15,1907 


m  Dec. 
l)^   Oct, 


15, 1907 
26, 1907 


2  Oct.  1.  1917 
4  Nov.  1, 1917 
4  Nov.  1, 1907 
2^  (Jet.  15,  1907 
11^' Dec.  16, 19071199 
1%  Dec.  16,1907  112J^ 


91^, 
24 

74%! 

22% 

45 

50% 

83    I 

76% 

76 

94 


85      09      85 
105     115      92 
175>^  175      161^ 
29^1  38%  17 
66>6   69>6   41 
43       58>6'  29>i 
17       28»b'  lo 
95      99>^'  80 
130%  1403^:  74 
l»34i  24%i    8 
74^1  88       46 
438    1510    1.369.^ 
189     227>612;i 
36%  42%:  16 


83 
14 

5i 

16 
32 

38V8 
749i 
62J^ 
68 
80 
138 
91 


13^  Nov.  1.1907 
4      Pel). 21, 1907   74 
2     Sept.  3,1907  84>6 
l>^.Ian.    2. 190810ri^ 

2  O-t.  15,1907184 

3  Sept. 30. 1907    .. 
'Ah  Nov.   1,1907  348 

$i     Sept.'i6,1907  85 

2     .July  15, 1907  135    i 

2     .Inly  15,1907  99%, 

50c.  Apr.  25,1907  1'>0    | 

SJ^  Aug.31,1907ii»U, 

55% 

87% 


i34July"i,l9o; 


1  .Inly  1, 
i>^o<-t.  1, 
1  .Ian.  2.5, 
>^Apr.  1. 
1^2  Nov.  1, 


1899 
1907 
1906 
1905 
1907 


1)4  Mar.  1.1900 


Oct.   15,19(J'; 


Ih  ^lay  2.1904 
4  Nov'.lo,  iS'Of 
3     (Jet.  25,190' 


74 

73 
102 
156 

178 

70^ 

92 
80 
164 
33% 
70% 


83%;  53 
1»        bH. 
130     113 
78    I  37-M 


19'^ 

39 

4414 

75% 

67 

92 
163 

97 

62^ 
100 

75^ 
103 
163 
152 


63^ 
10 
123^ 
28 
20 

90 
50 
47 
42 

76 

50 

85 

891^ 

60 


189?^  1073^ 
13(>%   98 


July  15. 
Jul  V  29. 
.Xov.  2, 
An -12, 
Jan.  2. 
.Ian.  2, 
\HOcX.  1, 
4  |.lnne29. 
2''6  Sept. 3.1, 
iMiJuly  1, 


19P7 


26^ 

90 

95 

60 

92 

34% 

63% 

3/% 
71 
14 
45 

81^ 

8-.%: 

41%: 
923^ 


3  July  29 
2  ()ct.l5, 
3^  ')ct.l5. 
2!^  Ian.  15, 
2>ii!Julyl5, 


3  !yov.  P, 
S^iJuly  80. 
WlJuljr  I, 


1907  335  I 
1896;  81% 
190 ;  156>i 
19081  .. 
19081  .. 
1907162 
I907i  ,. 
1907 198% 
1907127 

29^^ 
1907  200 
1907164 
1907  18.3% 
19071  84M 

190- lom 

I  4;i% 
1907!  76 
1307l06?t 
19U7il90t^ 


16^ 
80 
48 
27 
79 
24 
48 
22% 
49 
8 
44 
51% 
66 
273^ 
75 
500 
61»4 


85 
115 

94 

85 
172 

39 

m 

24 

18!^ 

81 

50% 

41 

81 

2S% 

51 

,30% 

61% 

11 


37 
63 
64 
54 
116 
4% 
14 

10 

736 
51 
35 

8 
50 

30^ 
18 

48 
,    4% 
37'^   37^ 
69,1<J   20 


10 

283^ 
67^ 
300 

136J4 145)^  8:>3« 
lM4i  ■*<• 
71      50 

140    146    .100% 


65 
11 

39% 
!00 
W 


213     197>^ 
1(»7       25 
27%'  12% 
125    1125 
140^   60 

no 

28'^ 


181 

103 
18% 

140 

134 

163  J<.  168 
58  V.:,  59 
90       90    1  73% 
29    I  44^   2(1% 
64^  12U   G3 

iHHm  Aim 

!  1         i 


Sitoo.Jc  Ijlst  and  Prices  of  Leading  Stocks  in  1907. 


3G7 


sroCFC  LIST  AND  PKlCKrf  OF  I.EADING  STOCKS  IN   -[S^M-Votilinvnl. 


Stocks. 


Louis. 


TSTa-shvillp,  Chattanooga  &  St 

Natioual  Hiscuit^a) 

National  Biscuit  pi'c!.   («) 

National  Lead  {<i) 

National  Lead  pfd.  ((() 

New  Central  Coal 

New  .Jersey  ("eniral 

New  York  Ail"  Bitike  (.() 

New  York  v.'eiitnil  &  iliidsou  River 

New  York,  riiicago  &  St.  Louis 

New  York,  <:tiicas:«.<  &  St.  Louis  1st  pfd. . . 

Nev/  Yoik,('liica!^o  &  St.  Louis  2d  pld 

New  York  Dock 

New  York  Dock  pfd 

New  York,  f.ackawanna  s  Western 

New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford 

New  York,  Ontario  &  Western 

New  York  &  Harlem 

Norfolk  &  Western 

Norfolk  &  Western  pfd 

North  American 

Northern  Central 

Northern  Pacific 

Northern  Pacinc  rects,  37'r2  percent,  paid 

Ontario  Mining 

Paci  fie  Coast  

Pacific  Coast  1st  pfd 

Pacific  Coast  2d  pfd 

Pacific  Mail 

Pennsylvania R.  R 

Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicasjo  &  St.  Louis 
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago  &  St.  L.  pfd 

Pittsburgh  Coal 

Pittsburgh  Coal  pfd 

Pittsburgh,  Ft.  Wayne  &  Chicago 

Pressed  Steel  Car 

Pressed  Steel  Car  pfd 

Pullman 

Qnicksilver 

Quicksilver  pfd 

Railway  Steel  spring  («) 

Railway  Steel  Spring  pfd.(o) 

Reading 

Reading  1st  pfd 

Beading  2d  pfd 

Rensselaer  &  Saratoga 

Republic  Iron  &  Steel 

Republic  Iron  &  Steel  pfd 

Rock  Island 

Rock  Island  pfd 

Rome.  Watertowu  &  Ogden.sburg 

Rutland  pfd 

St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island 

Joseph  &  Orand  Island  1st  pld 

Joseph  &  O rand  Island  2d  pfd 

Lawrence  &  Adirondack 

St.  Louis  &  San  Frmcisfo  1st  pfd 

St.  liOuis&San  Francisco  2d  pfd 

li.  &S.  F.,  C.  &  E.  111.  new  stock  Ctfs. . 

Lonis  .Southwestern , 

f.ouis  Southwestern   pfd 

Sloss-shemeld  Steel  &  Iron 

Sloss-Sheffield  steel  &  Iron  pfd 

Southern  I'ncific 

Southern  Pacific  pfd 

Southern  Ry.  Vtg.  Tr.  Ctfs.  Extended  .. 
Southern  Hv.  pfd.  5  p.  ct.  T.  C.  Extend.. 
Southern  I{ailwav  ?iIob.  &OhioTr.  Ctfs.. 

Tennessee  C. ,  L  &  R.  R 

Tennessee  Copper 

Texas  Pacific  Land  Trust 

Texas  &  Pacific 

Third  Avenue 

Toledo,  Peoria  &  Western 

Toledo  Railwav  &  Light 

Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Wc-'^tern 

Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Western  pfd 

Twin  City  Rapid  Transit 

Twin  City  Rapid  Transit  pfd 


stork 


St 
St 
St 


St 

St 

St. 


'$10,00(),0(!0 
29,2;S6,()00) 
24,^04.5")0  ) 
20.655,400 
24.367,600 

1.000  000 
27.436,800 
10,000,000 
I78,6b2,000 
14  000.000  I 

5,000.000  , 
11.000,000  ^ 

7.000,000  ? 
10,000,0()(/  )■ 
10,000,000 
86,839,100 
58,113,982 
10,000,000 
64,469,200  ) 
22,991.100  i 
29,791  300 
19,342,600 
155,000,000 

15,000.000 
7,000,000  ; 
1,525,000  , 

4,000,000 ; 

20,000,000 
312,059,100 
25,226,769  ( 
27,563,922  ) 
32,000.000  / 
32,000,000  ^ 
40,044.900 
12,500,000  ? 
12,.500,000  J 
100,000  000 
5.708,700  > 
4,291,300  ) 
13,.^UO,000  \ 
13,500,000  S 
70,000,000  / 
28,000,000  •• 
42,000.000  ) 
10.000,000 

27.191.000  ) 
20,416,900  ) 
89,602,402 
49,047,390 
10.000,000 

9.057,600 
4.600.000  / 
5,498,.500  • 
3,.')()0,0('.o  ^ 
1 .615,000 
5,000.000  I 
16,000,000 

10.416.01  0  ^ 
16,500,000  I 
20,000,000-j 
10.000,000  ) 

6.700,000  ^ 

197,849,259  ? 

75,182,501)  S 

120,000,000  ) 

60,000.0i'(,'  ;■ 

5,670.200  ^ 
29.366  140 

5,000,(00 

6,656,275 
.38.763,S10 
16.000.000 

4.076,900 
1:^875,000 
10,000.000  ) 
10.000.000  S 
20,100,000  ) 

3,000,000$ 


Out8l:>udinp; 


O 


$16,005,000 
975,70K 


54,260,000 

2S0',414,84'^ 

22,397,  .^00 

11,800,000 

22,000,000 
20,047, .^00 
22,000,000 
12,000,000 

87,852,500 

6,822,000 
186.345,812 


5,000,0C0 

(/268,175,11(' 
50,914,000 

21,368,000 
5,677,-500 
2.000,000 
^ 


73,909,000 

2  000,000 
8,625,000 

<^,.57i5,000 
11,607,000 

4,000,000 

1,200,000 

113,846,420 

44,776,250 

4,000,000 

39,200,500 

175,631,900 

14,562,000 
4i.0,000 

54,475,(K)0 

40,000,000 

4  «95,000 

13,25'j.OOOl 

15,500,000 
16,526,000 


3 

5  lU 

(  Wat 

2 
2 


May  1,1907  ..  ,  .. 
Nov,  1,1907  239%  204 
Oct.  22, 19071163^4  133 
Oct.  15,1907106)4126 
I  731.    59 

Mar."i,'l907!l2o^lll 


2 

1« 
2 
2 
2 

(  2y. 
I.  2 

iM 

4 

1% 


Mar.  1,1907 

Oct.  15,1907 
Oct.  1,1907 
Sept.  30, 1907 
July  29, 1907 
Oct.  1,1907 
Dec.  18.1907 
Aug. 16, 190 


^ept.  2.19(17107 
July  15.19^)7  212 
Nov.   1,1907  232>^ 


30c. 

\  in 
2 


^ 


(  m 

V    -2 
2 


(    2 
4 

( 'in 
"1 

1\: 


l)atu>  r!«y- 

nifD<   Last 

]i\\  iileiKl 

Declared. 


Ilishcst 


pjjd 
I.'W    »t, 


1906.    1907.'b) 


Aug.  1,1907 149'^  133 
Jan.  15,1908  79>i  " 
Nov.  30, 1907  119 


62 


147    1108 
863^1  bHVi 


113%117j^l  90 


Ja.n,    1. 19081  95?^  66      761^ 
Dec.  16,1907  ll06kiJ00ii'l03 


92 
503^ 


80 
33  Iv; 

7S!.:> 


220 
1411^ 
134% 
63i.^ 
110 

42 
71 


80 

25 

144 

55 

91?^ 

85 
41 

25 

ei}6 


127%il27%  1243^  124>i 
204%189ivl89    [V^IH 


57^1  435i 
975^  84 


96 


Dec.  23,1902 
Nov.  1,1907 
Nov.  1.1907 
Nov.  1,1907 
Dec.  1,1899 
Nov.30,19(t7 
Aug.  15, 1907 
July  15,1907 

Apr.  25. 1905 
Oct.  1,1907 
Aug.  30, 1904 
Nov. 27, 1907 
Nov.lo,  1907 


90 

•202hi 
179M 


48^ 
365 
9214 


53^ 
140 
106 
135 
51i.i. 

87 

109     100 
18J4113M 
62>6    50 

182       73 


28 

365 

56 


90K.   70 
89^:  37 

189>^fl<V)3^ 
134      91J^ 
8^     2>^ 
103^1241.^    56 
103       78       65 
10b3^'124>^   90 

l22^.i|  413^103)$ 

751^1  78 

lO.o^ 

16% 

60% 


106 
270 

3 

6 

em 

107 

164 

96 

102 


.Tune  1,1903 
Oct.  22,1907 
Dec.  20   1907 
Aug.    1.1907 
Sept.  10. 1907 
Nov.   9.1907-  - 
July  1, 1907  208>^ 
\41H 
Oct   1.  1907 110^ 
32% 
Nov.    1.1905  69M 
Nov.  15.1907  136 


95 

80 

44 

97M 
112 
89 
90 


199^^  205 


Jan.  15,190' 


23^  July  15.1902 


Dec.  31,  1906 
Oct.  1,1907 
Dec.  1.1905 
June  2,1907 


55 
27 
69!^ 
40 


51 
69>6 
7 
37 
168'    163 
57       15% 
loo    I  64 
l81'^13yV4 


\H 
573^ 
99^'. 
i:>9i,^ 
92 
94 


2214 
91 
22J^ 
60 

127?^ 
48 
19 
60 
30 

60 
501^   41 

74>t>    73 
27%  20>^ 
63%  49 


48%;  24 
71  60 
26%,  11 
621..  25 
IkiDec.  2,1907  971^  681^  T,%  26 
IMOct.     1,1907113 'l(4>^  105    180 


41^i 
100 

301^ 

641,2 
125 

35 

19 


70 


¥i 
■1% 

21}^ 

72 

70J6 

73 

67 
lf5 

12 

50,^ 

\\H 

i^H 
122 

25 

19 


58 


1% 
3,^ 

1 

2 


Jan.  2,  19081  97X.!  61    I  9Hi:i   la-M 
Jan.  15, 1908  liOy,  116    yi^M  K  0 
....        I  4-%  31%  34    I  10 
Oct    17,1907103       9:^%  94^^  29j^ 
Oct     1.19071  9914,   —       "-    '  "- 
Nov.  1.1907  166 
Aug.  1,1907 


\M 


88 
401^ 


90 
129 

60 

28 


97  I  8". 

162  I  95 

53>i  17 

85  I  45 

371-6:  17>^ 


5 


July  31,1907  139>p.  1211^  123    i  15 
I  ..        ..     |i;H  173^ 


May   1.1907  36 

'40^ 


25?^   29    I    9^ 
2:-H|  335^1  17>^ 


Oct.  '15.' 19071  59%  43'   I  54%j  ho' 


S    lMNov.l.5,19(.7 12214  102    |109       68?^ 
■(   IMjOct     1,1907^150    il50     115    llOO 


r  ^"Y 


I 


^m 


The  ProdiLcl'wn  of  Common  livich. 


STOCK  LIST  AND  PRICES  OF  LEADING  STOCKS  IN  Vd^il -Continued. 


Stocks. 


UniouBag  &  Paper  (n) 16,000.000\ 

Ciiioii  ]iug&  Paper  pfd.  (o) ll,('O0,U0o/ 

L'liioii  Pacitic !l«o, -148,900  ^ 


Stocks 
ODt8t:inuing, 


Bonds 
OutBUndlag. 


I  ft 
ft-  - 


Union  Pacilic  pfd 

Vnited  Fruit  Co 

United  Kaihvays  Inve.stnieut 

United  liailuays  Investmeni  pfd 

United  Stales  Cast  Iron  J'ipe  (<() 

United  States  Cast  iron  Pipe  pfd.  (u)... 

United  States  Express 

United  states  Leather  («) 

UnitLdStaies  Leatlier  pf(i.((() 

United  states  Kealtj'  &  Imp.  Co 

United  States  Eednction  &  P('tining(«).. 
United  States  Ileduciion  it  lief,  pid.(o). 

United  States  Knbl)er 

United  States  Knf)l)er  Isi  pfd 

United  States  l{ubl)er  2d  pfd , 

United  States  Steel 

United  States  Steel  pfd 

Utah  Coppei'. 

Virginia  iron.  Coal  «fc  Coke 

Wabash.. 

AVabasli  pfd 

AVells- l-'argo  Express 

AVestern  Marjland 

Western  Union  Telegraph 

Wesiinghonse  Electric  &  Mfg 

Westingbonse  Electric  &  ]Mfg.  Istpi'd... 

AVheeling  &  Lake  Erie 

Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie  1st  pfd 

Wheeling&  Lake  Erie  2d  pfd 

Wisconsin  Central 

Wisconsin  Central  pfd 


99,o69,:^,(IO 
18,414,000 
19,400,000  ) 
15,000,000  !i 
12.106,300  \ 
12.106,300  S 
10.(jp0,0ll0 
62.><82,300  \ 
62,282,300  ) 
16.162,800 

5,918,800  ) 

3,945,800  )■ 
25,000,000 
35,263.000 

9.848.600 
508,302,500  > 
360,281,100) 

5,118,000 

9,073,600 
51 ,946,153  ? 
37 ,946,153  !i" 

8,000,000 
15,685,400 
97,370,000 
21.663,000  \ 

3,998,700  5 
20,996,300  / 

3,998,700  i 
11.993,500  ) 
16.147,900  ) 
11,267,200  J 


3,200,000 

100,569,000 

1,267,000 

15,750,000 

1,194,000 

5,080,000 

13,284,000 

2,650,000 


601,791,341 

2,964,000 
5,393,000 

133,497,095 

57,711,000 
36,615,000 


18,500,000 
31,354,759 


Date  Pay- 
ment Last 
I'lvid.  nd 
Declared. 


1 

23^ 
2 

2 

Ay, 
1 ' 

1 


Highest 

and 
Lowest, 
1906. 


Highest 

and 

Lowest, 

1907.(b) 


OcL  15,1907 
.)an.  2,1908 
Apr.  1,1907 
Oct.  15,1907 

.Tan!  "2,1907 
Dec.  2.1907 
Dec.  2,1.407 
Nov.  15, 1907 


.Fan . 

Nov. 

•Inly 

<  )ct. 

Apr. 

Oct. 

Oct. 
Dec. 

:Nov 


2,1908 

,  1,1907 

1.1903 

1,1007 

30,1900 

31.1907 

31,1907 

30,1907 

.30, 1907 


15M     5i;2 

84    I  52    ! 

195^  13^  Vj 

9934    91':; 

98      50 
93V^   55 
53       43  Kj 
96%l  831/4 
138  k' 109 
14j^i  10 


117 
94}4 

40^ 

84 

59>A 
115 

87  V; 

50M 
113><j 


Oct.  15. 1901 


13^ 
2X- 
2J^ 


93 
26>6 
53-"'/8 
.July  15, 19071305 

\44'A 
Oct.  15.19071  9-i>4 
Oct.   10.19(f7176 
(Jet,  10,1907188 
21M 

29»^ 
33  ~ 
64 


103% 

75 

24 

60 

38 
104% 

75 

325<;' 

98% 

38 
18 

36% 

2;;3 

32 

»■■■■% 

148 
162 

16 

36 

21 

23 

44 


83^ 
61 
183 
96 

87%. 
62 

71H. 

49«,4 

89  " 
117 
ll2 
114 

90% 

68 


4 

39^ 
100 
75 
87  iH 

11=3^ 

20 

17 

49 

70 

12 

87 

36 

»% 
20 


52X2!  131^ 
109%!  611^ 


83^ 
bi\% 

10.% 
39% 
97 
18% 
38% 

300 
30% 
84% 

154 

160 
16% 
37% 
21 
^5% 


39 
21% 

13 
31 

8 

1-13^ 
250 

6 
54% 
32 
145 

6 
13 

8 
11 


5L4i  28 


(a)  il^nlistcd  stocks,    (b)  Report  of  prices  in  1907  is  to  December  1.      (c)  Scrip, 
§60. 000. 000  gold  notes. 

sian/iard  oil  is  an  unlisted  stock.    Amount  of  stock  outstanding  is  $100,000,000. 
40  per  cent.    Highest  qnolalion  in  1907  to  October  28,  56-i,  lowest  405. 


((0  Includes 
La-st  dividend 


The  World  Almanac  is  indebted  to  ' '  Bradstreet's ' '  for  the  stock  list  and  prices  of  stocks. 


^"^t  }3rctruction  of  Common  iJricife, 

Of  the  list  of  mineral  products  of  the  United  States  concerning  which  statistics  are 
collected  by  the  National  Geolog-ical  Survey  only  three — pig-  iron,  copper,  and  bituminous 
coal — exceeded  in  value  in  1900  the  products  of  the  clays;  and  of  the  clays  themselves 
the  product  ranking  hig-hest  in  value  was,  as  heretofore,  the  common  brick,  of  which 
more  than  ten  billions — to  be  exact,  10,027,039,000— were  marketed  during  the  last  year, 
says  the  Geological  Survey. 

The  value  of  this  great  product  amounted  to  $61,300,690,  an  increase  of  $93,687  over 
the  value  for  1905,  and  constituted  47.30  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  all  the  brick  ^nd  tile 
products  and  3S.07  per  cent,  of  the  va'lue  of  the  entire  product  of  the  clay  industries. 
The  largest  production  of  common  brick  in  1906  by  any  one  State  was  reported  by  New 
York,  whose  output  amounted  to  1,535,579,000  brick, 
thousand.      This    quantity   represents    15.31    per   cent. 


valued  at   $9,205,981,    or  about   $6   per 
of   the   entire   output   of    the    country. 


and  the  value   is  15.02  per  cent,   of  the  total. 

The  g-reater  part  of  New  York's  common  brick  comes  from  the  Hudson  River  region. 
Next  to  New  York  the  largest  producer  of  common  brick  in  1906  was  Illinois,  which 
(reported  an  output  of  1,195.210,000  brick,  valued  at  $5,719,906,  or  $4.79  per  thousand. 
The  great  common-brick  producing  region  of  Illinois  is  Cook  County,  and  it  was  the 
decline  in  price  in  this  district  that  brought  the  average  price  per  tihousand  for  the  State 
to  $4.79,   the  lowest  fur  several  years. 

The  only  other  State  reporting  more  than  a  billion  common  brick  was  Pennsylvania, 
w^ose  marketed  output  amounted  to  1.027, .541. 000  brick,  valued  at  $6,586,374,  or  $6.41  per 
•thousand.  While  third  in  quantity  the  product  of  this  State  was  second  In  value  and 
•the  average  value  per  thousand  was  greater  than  that  for  either  New  York  or  Illinois. 
Ohio's  production  of  common  brick  in  1906  was  fourth  In  quantity  and  value — 550,422.000 
brick,  valued  at  $3,243,157,  or  $5.S9  per  thousand — and  New  Jersey's  was  fifth,  amountmg 
to  413. 25*^.000  brick,   valued  at   $2,610,686,   or  $6.32   per  thou.sand.  __ 

The  other  States  range  from  Kansas,  with  314.371,000  brick,  valued  at  $l,3(6,uo2,  or 
$4.38  per  thousand,  to  South  Dakota,  with  6,064,000  brick,  valued  at  $54,175,  or  $R.93  per 
thousand.  California's  278.780,000  common  brick  were  valued  at  $1,962,866,  or  $(.Oij  per 
thotisand.     The  average  price  per  thousand  for  <;ommon  brick  in  1900  was  $6.11. 


Immunity   Bath   Legislati07i. 


369 


Hesacg  or  Knfitritance  ^ax  Hates. 

A  lanr  taxing  tbe  rlg-ht  to  inherirt.  personal  jw^perty  by  will  or  Intestate  la'^  was  passed 
by  Congress  July  6.  1797.  The  rate  was  25  cents  on  amourMs  from  $50  to  $100,  50  cents 
on  amounts  from  $100  to  $500.  "and  for  every  further  sum  of  $500.  the  additional  sum  of 
one  dollar."  This  act  continued  in  force  until  June  .SO.  1802,  when  it  was  re<pealed.  A 
national  legracy  tax  law  was  again  enacced  Ju^y  1,  1S(>2.  amend'ed  in  186i,  and  again  in 
1SG6,   and   repealed   in    1S70.    five  years   after    the  close   of  the   Civil   War. 

Again.  June  13.  1898.  Congress  enacted  a  legacy  tax  law  w'hich  was  amended  in  1901 
and  continued  in  force  until  ^repealed  July  1.  19(J2.  Under  the  acts  of  1S9S  and  19<n.  the 
sum  of  .i;ai. 003,690.02  was  collected  and  paid  into  the  national   treasury  up  to  June  30,    1904. 

Pennsylva-nia  enacted  a  legacy  tax  law  April  C.  1SG6.  wbich  law.  as  a.mienide>d  from 
time  to  time,  is  still  in  force.  Legacy  tax  laws  were  enacted  in  Maryl>and  in  l^-l.  and 
I>elav\-^re  in  1SG9.  They  were  enacted  in  Nortih  Caprolina  in  1'846.  a;nd  repealed  in  1883. 
They  wore  enacted  in  Virginia  in  1844.  repealed  in  1855,  re-enacted  in  1863.  and  again 
repealed  in  1874.  Since  18S5  legacy  tax  laws  have  been  enacted  in  t-w^nty-nine  different 
States,  namely.  Arkansas,  California.  Colorado,  Connecticut.  Idaho  (1007).  Illinois,  Iowa, 
Louisiana,  Kentucky  (1906),  Maine,  Massachusetts  (1907i,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Missouri, 
Montana,  Nebraska,  New  Hampshire  (19051,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Carolina  (1907), 
North  Dakota.  Ohio  (lepealed  1906),  Oregon,  Tennessee,  Texas  (1907),  Utah,  Vermont, 
Virginia,   Washington,   West  Virginia,   Wisconsin  and  Wyoming. 

The  Legislature  of  South  Dakota  in  1907  adopted  a  resolution  for  a  constitutional 
amendment    to    this    effect. 


The  following  taible  showis  the  amount 
some  of  the  more  promanent  and  wealthy 
reputation: 

*Ge-^r£re   Smith,    re?id«nt  of  Eng- 

l«nd   (paid  in   New  1  ^rk) $1.9.34.753.07 

Cnllis  V.   Huntinstcn.    New  York.  665.000. 0<> 

Jav  Gould.    N*=>w   York 600.000.00 

("> .melius  A'anderbiU.    Ne\-   York.  450.0.52. !'0 

rirno'iiT  M.  Stewart.  New  Yark.  .  300,4l0.3i2 
Winfieid     S.      Stratton,      Denver, 

Col 30O.O0O.O') 

Wilson   G.    Hunt.   New   York 2S5,0i"K).OO 

Joshua   Jones,    New   York 284.037.56 

Emma    A.    Schlev.    New   York 261.490.67 

Henrietta  A.    Lenox.    New   York..  234,6.35.70 

William  Whit-3wright.   New  York.  223.141.52 

Robert    G.    Dun.    New  York 178.730.6S 

Catherine  L.  Wolfe.  New  York.  .  159,59D.3S 
Daniel     B.     Faj'erweather,      CNTaw 

York     , 1.58,206.19 

George    M.    Pullman.    Illinois 1.-8.2S2nt 

John    Knower.    New   York 152.319.72 

Daniel    Edgar    Crouse.    Syracuse, 

N.    Y 150.S82.i8 

Timothy      B.      Blackstone.      Ne^/ 

York  and   Illinois    150,661.01 

Henrv   B.    Plant,    New   York 140.000.00 

EzraG.   Benedict,    Albany,   N.   Y.  131,122f.9 

Mary   J.   Walker.    New   Yjrk 119,223.83 

*  The    transtfer    o«f    all    protverty,    real,    personal    or    mixed, 
the   State   at  daite  of  deaith   is  sutyject  to   the   tax,    whether   the 
Tion-residen't.     The   tax   is   not  a   tax   on   property, 
Che   legatee  to   Inherit   property. 


of    legacy    tax   collected    from   the    estates    of 
decedents,    some    of    w.hom    were    of    national 


Joseph  C.   Hoagland,   New  York..  $119.2!  1. SO 

G-ustav    W.    Swift,    Illinois 113,885.27 

.Tnhnathan   Scoville.    New  York...  112.7.58.08 

Mai-y   J.    Winthrop.   New  York...  110,169.55 

Leonard   Lewisohn,    New   York...  107.634.36 

William    A.stor,    New  York 106.536.97 

William      H.      VaJiderbilt.      New- 
York    103,612.5') 

Marv    Eichler.    New    York 102.{:>(3<5.94 

W.    W.    Kimball.    Illinois 86.700.24 

A.     M.     Billins-s,     Illinois 85,724.75 

Potter    Palmer.     New    York    and 

Illinois     78.063  99 

Ernest   J.    Lehman.    Illinois 71.097.16 

Silas    B.    Cobb.    Illinois 63,208  32 

Levi    Z.    Leiter     Illinois 48.2;)5..SS 

Sidnev   Kent.    Illinois 38.070.00- 

Peter   Fahrney,    Illini"iis 3(,J>82.S8 

Jacob   Ro^enbersr.    Il'inois 37.667.32 

Charles   W.    Fullerton.    Illinois...  36.4Gl.(i2 

Catherine    M.    White.    Illinois 25.236..3S 

Columbus  R.    Cummings.   Illinois.  21.86140 

Joseph   Medill,    Illinois 16.048.4'> 

Phillio  D.    Armour.    Illinois V2l'^^Vi 

Lucius  B.   Otis.    Illinois lo,699.41 


wltibin    the    jurisdiction    of 

decederijt   was  a  resident  or 

but  the  rLgbt  which  the  State  grants  to 


Jimmunfts  ^Satfj  iLenfslatiom 


The  most  radical  change  in  judicial  procedure  effected  by  any  recent  congressional  legislation  is 
that  which  resulted  from  the  "immunity  bath  "  accorded  certain  corporate  officers  in  connection  with 
proceedings  to  enforce  the  anti-trust  laws. 

By  an  a^t  approver!  March  2.  1907,  it  is  provided  that  a  writ  of  error  may  be  taken  by  and  on  behalf 
of  the  United  Scates  from  the  District  or  Circuit  Court  direct  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 
in  all  criminal  cases,  in  the  following  instancps.  to  wit : 

From  a  decision  or  judgment  quTshin?,  s°ttin!r  aside,  or  sustaining  a  demurrer  to.  any  indictment, 
or  any  count  thf^reof.  wher"^  such  deoision  or  juderaent  is  based  upon  the  invalidity  or  construction  of 
the  statute  upon  wliieh  the  indictment  is  founded. 

From  a  docision  arresting  a  jud/ment  of  conviction  for  insufficiency  of  the  indictment,  where  such 
decision  is  based  upon  the  invalidity  or  construction  of  the  statnte  upon  which  the  indictment  is  founded. 

From  thp  decision  or  judgment  sastainin;?  a  special  plea  in  Bar,  when  the  defendant  has  not  been 
put  in  jeopardy. 

Tli«  writ  of  error  in  fill  such  ch^en  shall  be  taken  within  thirty  days  after  the  decision  or  judgment 
has  l.een  rendered,  and  shall  be  diligently  prosecuted  and  shall  have  precedence  overall  other  cases. 

Pendmg  the  prosecution  and  d.nermination  of  the  writ  of  error  in  the  foregoing  instances,  the  de- 
fendant shall  he  admitted  to  bnil  on  his  own  recognizance  ;  Provided,  that  no  writ  of  error  shall  be 
takvin  by  or  allowed  the  United  States  in  any  case  where  thwrn  has  l>een  a  verdict  in  favoi  of  tae 
defendant. 


370 


Natio7ial  Association  of  J^ostmasters. 


3lJiitctJ  <Statrs  iDost:=<!r>f!tcc  «^tnti*5tics. 


Fiscal 

Kumher  of 
Post-Offlccs. 

Extent  of  Post 
Koulcs  iu  Miles. 

Revpnne  of  tlie 
Department. 

ExpenrlituTe  of  the 
Depa.  tmtnt. 

Account  Paid  for 

YUABa. 

Cmnj.ensation  to 

Tr.in.sportatiou 

Postmaster.s, 

of  the  Siail. 

1875 

35.547 

2 /  / .8 (3 

!?26, 791.360 

$33,611,309 

$7,049,936 

SIS. 777. 201 

1H80 

42,989 

343.bcS8 

33,315,479 

36.542.804 

7,701,418 

22,255.984 

1881 

44,512 

344.006 

36,785,398 

39.251,736 

8.298.7'13 

23,196.032 

18S'2 

46.231 

343,618 

41,876,410 

40,039,635 

8.964.677 

22.846.112 

1883 

47,863 

353,166 

45.508.693 

42.816.700 

10.319.441 

23.067,323 

1884 

50,017 

359.530 

43,338,127 

46.404.9f-.0 

11.2;s3,831 

25.359.816 

1885 

51.252 

365.251 

42,560,844 

49.533,150 

11.431.305 

27.765.124 

1886 

53.614 

366.667 

43.948.423 

50,839.4.35 

11.348.178 

27.553.239 

1887 

55, 157 

373,142 

48.837,610 

52.391.678 

11.929.4S1 

28.135,769 

1888 

57,281 

403,977 

52.695.176 

55.795,358 

12,000,186 

29.1.51.168 

1889 

58.999 

416.159 

56,175,011 

61,376.847 

13.171,382 

31.893.359 

1890 

62,401 

427,991 

60.882.097 

65.930.717 

13,753,096 

83.885.978 

1891 

64.329 

439.027 

6.^>.931,786 

71,662,463 

14.527,000 

30.805,621 

189-2 

67,119 

447,591 

70,930.475 

76.323.762 

15,249,565 

38,837.236 

1893 

68,403 

453,832 

75.896.933 

81,074.104 

15.862.621 

41.179.054 

1894 

69. 805 

454,746 

75,080.479 

84, 324,  414 

15,899,709 

45,375,359 

1895 

70. 064 

456,026 

76,983,128 

86, 790, 172 

16,079.508 

46.336,326 

189*; 

70,360 

4«i3,313 

82.499.208 

90.626.296 

16,570,674 

47,993.067 

1897 

71,022 

470,032 

82,665,462 

94.077.242 

16,917,621 

49,802,074 

1S98 

73,570 

480.462 

89,012,618 

98,033.523 

17,460r«2l 

5  i.  780, 283 

1899 

75,  OOO 

496,948 

95.021,384 

101.632.160 

18,223.506 

53,331,557 

1900 

7H,  688 

500,982 

102.354,579 

107,  "40. 268 

19,112.097 

55.772.881 

iroi 

76,945 

511. SOS 

111,631,193 

115,.'S54.920 

19.9  59.514 

57.691,953 

1902 

70.215 

507.540 

121,848,047 

124.785,697 

20.783.919 

60.533.217 

1903 

74. 169 

506.268 

134.224.443 

l:-i8,784,488 

21.631,724 

64.706,965 

1904 

71.131 

400.818 

143.582.624 

1.52.362,117 

22.273.344 

69.200,197 

1905 

68, 131 

480, 805 

152,826,585 

107,399,169 

22.743,3-12 

72.232,538 

1906 

65.600 

478.711 

167,932,782 

178,449.778 

23.548.988 

76.658.599 

1907 

62.663 

463,406 

183,585.005 

190.238,288 

24.575.696 

78.809.093 

Of  the  wliole  number  of  po.st-olHce.s  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  Juue  30,  1907,  6,318  were  Tresi- 
dential  olHces  aiul  56,345  were  foiirth-cUi-ss  officer. 

The  number  of  piece.s  of  postal  matter  of  all  kinds  which  passed  thron<?h  the  mails  of  the  United 
States  in  the  fiscal  year  was  12,255,668,367.  The  annual  a,ij.5:i(>irate  number  of  letters  transmitted 
tlirousrh  the  iiost-omces  of  the  world  may  be  estimated  at  30,000,000,000,  and  of  newspapers, 
15,000,000,000. 

DOME.STIC'  MOXE'T-ORDERS  ISStJED  IN  1907. 


Stntes  and  Territories.  Amount. 

Alab:tm.-i. $6.778,S3>J.77 

Alaska. .J'. 1,560,742..S5 

Arizona 3,059,551.97 

Arkansas 5,<»81,ti.58.47 

California 2(>,934,583.fil 

Colorado 9,31'i.3!i;;.B3 

Connecticut 6,963,704.36 

Delaware p. 603,979.1 2 

]>istricl  of  Columbia 2,130,05  l.'.O 

Florida 4,345,s22.«t3 

Georgia 7,:;34,022.53 

]la«aii 2,140,240.1 « 

Idaho 4,225,940. 12 

Illinois 29,95t>,949.Cl 

Indiina 14,5t;6,61S.;0 

Indian  Territory 3,047,5i^9.55 

Iowa 12  Jl>i,299.39 

Kansas 1 1  ,-.;73,91 5.40 

Kentucky 3,950,6.=.0.31 

Louisiana 5,3-<9,195.76 


States  aud  Territories.  Amount. 

Maine $5,3;«,4ti.i.71 

Maryland 3,f>79,!5 : 2.0'j 

Mas.sachusetts lH.5i8,440.86 

Michi-an ......'.. 20,149, 6o  1.1.; 

Minnesota '.'}. ,' . .  13, 143,312. -.8 

Mississippi 5, ''40,504.51 

Missouri..... 13.669,59o.99 

Montana 6,258,255.''8 

Nebraska 8,340,i3.3u.50 

Nevada 3,275,."!  l.tji 

New  Hampshire 2,840,744.41 

3New  .Jersey 8,947,158.21 

New  Mexico 1,955,957.29 

New  York 42,283,]9t>.4t) 

North  Carolina 4,025,173.32 

North  Dakota .".,143,ls9.3i; 

Ohio 23.473,5  ;r..51 

Oklahoma. 4,749,018.25 

Oregon 6,9fi4,^9S.I0 

Penn8ylv.inia 41,090,633.14 


States  and  Territories.  ^-^        Amount. 

Porto  liico.   $2,361,0^S.07 

Rhode  Island 2,::.>8,17'/.17 

.South  Carolina 3,181,895.11 

South  Dakota 4,144,808..56 

Tennessee 5,235,9.")3.t'4 

'I'eias 19,665,029.22 

U  tah 3,402,0:9.35 

Vt-rmont 2,728,9  4.:^2 

Vir-inia 6,057,184.13 

Washington 13,440,543.79 

AVeiit  Virginia 6,011,391.09 

Wi-consin 14,12r.,6S2:73 

Wyoming 2,197,314.32 


Tiituii.-a , 

Shanghai  U..S.PostalAg'cy 

Guam 

Supt.  M.  O.  System 


18,020.86 

64,721.69 

52,591.02 

166,423.79 


Total.. $4SH,478,14,;.r.5 

The  number  of  domestic  monev-ordei-s  issued  in  the  fiscal  year  190/  was  62,530,408;  number  of 
international  money-orders,  3,179,511.  amount  $77,252,907. 

IS^ational  ^g.sjoctation  of  JJostmasteris 

OF    FIRST    CLASS    OFFICES. 

Thf.  National  Association  of  Tostmasters  of  I'iist  C'las^  Offices  was  organized  at  Detroit,  Mich., 
Octobers,  IhOS. 

The  As.sociali on  consists  of  postma'^ters  and  assistant  i)0'^tmastors  of  the  first  Class  post-ofRces  >ii 
the  United  .statGS,anillpre.sidents  and  first  vic<>-prGsidents  of  State  associations  of  postmasters.  Heads 
oi  the  Post-Oilice  Department  and  Chiefs  of  Bureaus  at  W'ashinmon  are  honorary  members. 

Article  3  of  the  Constitution  declares  that:  "The  object  of  tiiis  A.ssocialion  is  to  aid  iu  the  improve- 
ment of  the  Postal  Servif-e  of  the  United  States  through  the  mutual  interchange  of  ideas  of  members 
of  the  Association  and  officials  of  the  Post-Oflice  Department. ' ' 

I'he  annual  meetings  are  attended  by  the  lieads  of  Departments  and  Chiefs  of  Bureaus  of  the  Post- 
Office  Department  who  addre.ss  the  conveniioiis  aud  answer  ciuostlons'pertaiiiing  to  the  practical 
work  of  the  post-otlice. 

The  following  are  the  officers  and  executive  committee  for  1907-08:  Prenident—lohnl^.  Waife, 
Burliueton,  Iowa.  Fimt  Virp-Presirhnl  —  iitiiirv  Blan,  J  r.,  Savann.th,  C4a.  .Seccnid  Vice- J 'resident — 
i:.  M.  M.n-gan,  New  York.  Third  Vire-Presidcil—F. ii.  Wahoti,  D.ayion,  0!iio.  J'onih  Vicr-Pnsi- 
ttent  -R<l\\a.r(\  R.  Sizer,  liincoln.  Neb.  Fifth  I'J'v -T^/v.tj-i/'/i'— Isarlor  .Sobel.  Erie,  Pa.  Treasvrer— 
Thos.(i.  [..awler,  Rockford,  111.  Serretarii—Fnw'k  .T.  Z:iisor.  Bnilinaton.  Iowa.  Exerulive  C>niimttee  ~ 
Robert  E.  Woods,  Chairman,  Louisville.  Kv. ;  Major  Andrew  W.  Wills,  Xashville,']eD!i.  ;  Drivi-I  C 
Owen,  Milwaukee,  Wis.;  W.H.  Davis,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. ;  B.  1\  Barnes,  Wa.shih!jtou,  D,  C. 


tTnited  States  Secret  Service. 


371 


J3ostal  cStattisttcs  of  tijt  Simocltr, 


COUNTRIKS. 


Argentine  Republic 

Austria-Hungary 

Australia 

Uelgium 

15r:i/il 

Canada 

(ape  ot  (ioo<l  Hope 

Chile 

l>ninark 

l'"rance 

(ierniany 

(it.  Britain  &  Ireland... 

<;reece 

India-British 

Italy 

.Japan 

Mexico 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Hussia 

Sp.">in 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

United  States 

Victoria 

"Western  Australia 

*  iDcludinp;  newapa 


Yr. 


1904 
1904 
1904 
1905 
1905 
1905 
1905 
1904 
1905 
l'^04 
1905 
1905 
4904 
190t) 
1904 
1906 
1906 
1905 
190.i 
1904 
1904 
1905 
1904 
1905 
1904 
1907 
1905 
1905 


letters  and 
rostalCards 


Number. 

l,5O7.V43',060 

S88,7«2,V.'68 
If94,:>i6,iti5 

i^4,780,000 
31.•,4^2,|  UO 

4o,7i;;i,aS4 


1-;4,.341.(^84 

1,^91,135,(10(1 

3, 745, '274,510 

3,607, 50(),(t00 

17,571,000 

6i;5,423,360 

:^99,26ti,ii00 

972,265,400 

268,Vl'9".799 
82,846,000 

790,9"62',150 
220,532,000 

2':0,'5V2',7(ll 
28,489,000 

119,'689',073 
22,106,829 


News- 
pa  pets. 


Numter, 

253,727',  100 
121,011,846 
147,750,316 


8,470,000 


1,715  76.=i,814 
1 ,854,000,000 

40,200,838 

200,845",276 


232,313,000 
69,233,500 


367,561,843 


145,946,953 


42,290,841 
10,054,035 


(Jther 
rrinte<l 
Jlatter. 

I'ieces. 

162,972',771 

185,420,949 
«62,846,000 

7,452,720 

ll'l,825",174 

*1,640,344,(J(I0 

1,385,671,160 

12,794,000 

43,719,063 

*606,922,000 

23,978,475 


9,501,200 

134,504.802 
»20 1,444, 000 

59.88V,-184 
6,868,000 


Panels. 


Number. 
65,506,970 

536,800 


85,918,680 
101,700,000 


4,955,379 

13,b85,058 

6,2(>-.',684 
1,442,800 


&,569,'34 


5,265,192 


I   Nuiii- 
I'osial  Mailer:  ber  of 


of  all  Kinds. 


Pieces. 

450,566,888 


68,866,394 


184,000,000 


91,076,000 

387,559,180 

12,255,V6V,367 


pets. 


l"OBt- 

OHices 

2,282 

12,979 

6,595 

1,308 

2,S71 

10,879 

1,043 

1,010 

972 

11,869 

39,052 

23,2s3 

592 

53,S82 

8,817 

6,^22 


3,081 

3,902 
3,419 
1.677 
1,407 
62,665 
1,673 
295 


Money  Orders  Issued. 


Number. 
57,834,422 


1,924,130 


13,596,153 


535,528 
18,'643',799 


62,530,408 


Value. 


$32,;J49,47tf 


44,612,785 


486,478,146 


The  following  are  the  members  of  the  Light-House  Boar(3 : 
UscarS.btraus   secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  and  e'.^;-oi^(o  ^'resident  of  the  Board 
Rear-Admiral  George  C.  Reiter,  Chairman,  Washington,  1>.  C.  i^oara. 

Col.  Walter  «.  Franklin,  Baltimore,  Md  s       ,     .  v.. 

Dr.  Henry  .S  Pritchett,  Carnegie  Foundation,  New  York. 
Col.  Daniel  W   Locliwood,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.,  New  York 
Rear- Admiral  Albert  Ro.ss,  U.  8.  N. ,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Lieut.-Col,  Harry  F.  Hodges,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.,  Washington  D  C 
T?iin    pi-n^f-  ^^'""r-  ^.-  *^-  ^^-^'aval  secretary,' Washington,  D.  C.  * 

The  PsfphH^t'^n'^Mnt  iVnf -'^  ^'?^P?  of.Engineers,  U.  S.  A. ,  Engineer  Secretary,  Washington,  D.  C.     • 
thef<?nneS,f"n.?   V«^'!T\'^^^' Vt^''^'''^''*'"^''^'"^''^^^  ^"^  <^^»^-'-ge  of  an  inspector  and  engineer, 

d  .lies  i^tlt^n"  fo  thP  ^nn=ll'n  J.'^"''''  ^'''^^'  officers.  The  Board  has  supervision  of  all  administrative 
si-  afs  hnnv>f  nnri  th^f ?  l'"^  '^V°"  ^"'^  maintenance  of  light-house.s,  light-vessels,  beacons,  fog- 
eLtablfshmeut:  appendages,  and  has  charge  of  all  records  and  property  appertaining  to  the 

^Ijc  mnitt'U  states  ^obernmntt  iartntinu  (^mtt^ 

KJ^.l^Vi'ii'^,ri''i^//  ''^^  charge  of  all  business  relating  to  the  public  printing  and  binding. 
He  c.i,pomts  the  officers  and  employees  of  the  Government  Printing  Office,  and  purchases 
fvMch?7s'fo"b."'nHlt'Z''^''^  and  material.  The  foreman  of  printing  his  charge  of  aU  matter 
inh  «,  iniff.otl^^^  ^''-  Hjs  department  consists  of  the  following  divisions:  The  document, 
v^Hnn''--  Hr.,?Ih  Vi-''"''^^'  ^^l*^'"f '  stereotype,  and  Congressional  Record  rooms,  as  well  as  the 
nf-tHhni^ry^  !ff  o?.  '^?;-  V"^  Superintendent  of  Documents  has  general  supervision  of  the 
of  rono^^Il  L  1  fi?"^'^""  documents,  excepting  those  printed  for  the  use  of  the  two  Houses 
fmlPv  of  nnhn^  V  E-^-^cutive  Departments.  Ho  is  required  to  prepare  a  comprehensive 
fl^i.hnri,;  I't^  i.oii"e''™''l'^'^  ^"*^  consolidated  index  of  Congressional  documents,  and  is 
not  sr.PHf  nnnv  rVinf,fT'a^^^  document  in  his   charge   the   distribution   of   which   is 

Puhllp  rir?,^i/  All^\^^-  A^'it,*,'?"°''''"J^  ^^'^  t^*^^  official  heads  of  the  several  departments: 
Charles  FYn„,?o''.''''i^''^  ^-  Stillings;  Chief  Clerk.  Henry  T.  Brian;  Foreman  of  Printing. 
"resVifm«rRj^TH°'T  V,      1^^^  ""^   Binding,    Harry  >.    Ashion;    Foreman    in    Charge   of    Con- 

^lessional  Record,  John  R.   Berg;  Superintendent  of  Documents,  William  L.  Postf 


2Iin'tjrtr  ^tc;^trs  Secret  ^trbice. 

F  w^?k?/^''.^hiJf''''Af'''t,^'\'^'°"  ""^  the  Treasury  Department  is  under  the  direction  of  John 
^.  Wilkie,  chief  of  the  division.  The  service  is  principally  engaged  in  detecting  and 
nM,^^^^iH^  'V''.^''T?  and  dealers  in  counterfeit  paper  money  and  coin?  although  ifsoperitions 
fnrS^hPd  fnr^t?,^.^'?,';^.?^'^"  violations  of  the  laws  of  the  United  States.  Details  are  also 
iom-nlilL!  ../^v,/  ''^''''^''^''t.''^  ^'^^  President  of  the  United  States,  and  in  the  frequent 
iervke    men  P^'^ent    President    he    is    always    accompanied    by    one    or    more    secret 


372 


Mottoes  and  Popular  Karnes   of  the  States. 


iWottocs  antr  }?opular  Namrid  of  V^t  SiUttn. 


■^Popular  Name 
of  State. 


■^Popular  Name 
of  People. 


State. 


Alabama. 
Arizona. . 
Arkansas . 


California. 
Colorado . . 


Connecticut. 


Delaware. 


Dl-s.  of  Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 


Idaho. . 
Illinois. 


Indiana. 
Iowa ... 


Kansas. 


Kentucky . 

I^ouisiana . 
Maine. .. . 
Maryland. 


Massachusetts . 


Michigan. 


Minnesota. 


Mississippi. 
Missouri . . . 


Motto. 


Here   we  rest 

Sitat   Deus 

Mercy.  justice. 

Regnat  populi.  .. 

Eureka    

Nil  sine  numine. . 

Qui  transtulit  sus- 
tinet    


Liberty  and  Inde- 
pendence  


Justitia   omnibus 
In  God  is  our  trust 
Obverse:    Wisdom, 
justice,    modera- 
tion. 
Reverse:     Agricul- 
ture    and     com- 
merce  


Salve    

National  Union, 
State  Sovereign- 
ty  

None 

Our  liberties  we 
prize  and  our 
rights  we  will 
maintain. 

Ad  astra  per  as- 
pera    


Translation. 


Founded  by  God. 


The  people  rule.. 
I  have  found  it. .  . 
Nothing      without 
Providence 

He  who  trans- 
planted still 
sustains    


Justice  to  all. 


Hail 


Bear    . 
Golden 


Centennial 


Land     of     Steady 
Habits.   Nutmeg 

Blue    Hen.      Dia- 
mond     


Toothpicks 


Flower 


Empire    State    of 
The    South 


United    we    stand, 
divided   we    fall. 


Union,    justice  and 

confidence. 
Dirigo    


To  the  stars 
through  all  dif- 
ficulties     


I    direct. 


Fatti   maschli   pa 

role  femine 

[At  one  time  the 
seal  was  mislaid, 
and  the  new  die 
carried  the  motto, 
"Crescite  et  Mul- 
tipllcamini."  Grow 
or  increase  and 
multiply.] 
Coronasti  nos. 
Scuto  bonae  vol- 
untatis   tuae 

Ense  petit  placi- 
dam  sub  liber- 
tate  quietem. . . . 


SI  quaeris  penln- 
sulam  amaenam 
circumsplce    . . .  • 


L'etoile  du  nord. 


Prairie 
Hoosier 


Hawkeye 


Wooden  Nutmegs. 

Blue  Hens.  Chick- 
ens. 


Buzzards. 


Blue  Grass.  Dark 
and  Bloody 
Ground    


Creole,  Pelican . . . 
Pine  Tree.     Lum- 
ber     


Manly  deeds,  wo- 
manly words. .., 

[Seal    originally 
pendant,  for  wax, 
when   screw  intro- 
duced the  reverse 
was   abandoned.] 
You  have  crowned 
us       with       the 
shield    of    your 
good   will 


With     the     sword 
she   seeks  quiet 
peace  under  lib 
erty   


Suckers. 
Hoosiers. 


Hawkeyes. 
Jayhawkers. 
Corncrackers. 


Foxes. 
Crawthumpers. 


Bay 


None 

Sftlus  populi  su- 
prema  lex  esto.. 
united  we  stand, 
divided   we  fall. 


If  thou  seekest  a 
beautiful  penin- 
sula behold  it 
here    

The  Star  of  the 
North    


Wolverine 


The  welfare  of  the 
people  Is  the  su 
prcme  law. 


North 

pher 

Bayou 


Star.     Go- 


Eeaneaters. 

Wolverines. 
Gophers. 


Mottoes   anfl  Popular  Karnes   of  the  States^ 


37:) 


M31T0ES    AND    POPULAR    NAMES    OF    THE    STATES— C'07i^macd. 


State. 


Montana. 
Nebiaska . 

Xe\ada.  . . 


Xr'w  Hampshire. 
XV  \v    Jersey .... 
Now    Mexico. . . . 


New   York 

North    Carolina. 
North    Dakota.. 


Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. 


Rhode  Island.  . 
South  Carolina. 


South  Dakota. 


Tennessee. 


Texas . . . 

Utah 

Vermont . 

Virginia. 


Motto. 


Oro  y  plata 

Equality  before 
the  law. 

All  for  our  coun- 
try  

None 

.Vone 

Crescit    eundo 


Excelsior 


None. 


Liberty  and  union 
one  and  insep- 
arable now  and 
forever 

None 

The  Union 

Obverse:  None.... 
Reverse:  Both 
can't  survive. 


Hope 

Animis     opibusque 
parati    


Dum   spiro,    spero, 
Spes    


Under      God 
people  rule. 


the 


Ag-riculture,    Com 

merce    

None 

None 

Freedom  and  unity 


Washing-ton.  .  . 
West  Virginia. 


Wisconsin . 
Wyoming. 


Obverse:   Sic  sem- 
per   tyrannis.  .. 
Reverse :     Perse 
verando     

Al-Ki     

Obverse:     Montani 
semper   liberi. 

Reverse:     Libertas 
et   fidelitas 

Forward. 

Cedant  arma  togae 


Translation. 
Gold  and  silver. ., 


It 


by 


increases 

going 

Higher,  more  ele- 
vated     


[The  State  "Coat 
of  Arms"  car- 
ries the  motto 
"Virtue,  Liberty 
and  Indepen- 
dence"     


Prepared  in  mind 
and  resources; 
ready  to  give 
life  and  prop- 
erty     

While  I  breathe  I 
Hope.      Hope. . 


Popular  Name 
of  gt^te. 


Mountain 


Silver    . 
Granite 


Empire    .  . . 
Old    North, 
pentine    . . 


Tur- 


Sioux    

Buckeye    

Beaver.     Sunset . 


Keystone    .  . . 
Little    Rhody. 


Palmetto 
Coyote    . 


Volunteer 
Lone   Star. 


Green    Mountain . 


Popular  Name 
of  Peoijie. 


Sage  Hens. 
Granite  Boy.s. 
Jersey  Blues. 


Knickerbockers. 
Tar  heels. 


Tuckoes. 
Buckeyes. 
Web   feet. 


Weasels. 


Butternuts. 


Ever     so     to     ty 
rants. 

Perseverance 

Bye-bye 

Mountaineers    are 
always  free  men. 
Liberty  and  fidel- 
ity  


Old    Dominion . 


Let 

th 


arm."?  yield 
i  gown 


Panhandle . 
Badger    . . 


tol 


Green 
Boys. 


Mountain 


Panhandlers. 
Badgers. 


Alabama,  Arkansas,  Colorado,  Connecticut,  Illinois,  Minnesota,  Mississippi.  Missouri 
Ohio,  Tennessee,  and  Wisconsin  were  named  from  their  principal  rivers.  Carolina  from 
Charles  IX.  of  France;  Georgia  from  George  II.;  Louisiana  from  Louis  XIV.  of  Prance; 
Maryland  from  Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of  Charles  I.;  New  York  from  the  Duke  of  York, 
afterward  James  II.;  Virginia  from  Queen  Elizabeth,  the  virgin  queen;  Pennsylvania  from 
William  Penn,  and  Delaware  from  Lord  Delaware.  Dakota,  Massachusetts,  and  Texas 
took  their  names  from  Indian  tribes,  and  Idaho,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Kentucky,  Michigan, 
Nebraska,   Oklahoma,   Oregon,   Utah,   and  Wyoming  were  derived  from  Indian  words. 


**1N    COD    WE    TRUST" 

"In  God  We  Trust"  first  appeared  on  the  copper  two-cent  issue  of  1S64,  and  was 
the  first  use  of  the  word  "God"  in  any  Government  act.  The  sentence  was  Introduced  by 
James  Pollock,  Director  of  the  Mint,  with  the  approval  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
Salmon  P.  Chase.  It  appeared  on  the  1SG6  Issue  of  the  double  eagle,  eagle,  half-eagle, 
silver  dollar,  half  dollar,  and  nickel  five-cent  piece,  in  lieu  of  the  long  existing  motto 
of  "E  Pluribus  I7nuni."  In  the  Trade  Dollar  issue  (ISTSi  both  mottoes  were  retained, 
*'In  God  We   Trust"   appearing  on   the   obveiee. — Townsend. 


8t4 


Production  of  Coal. 


JJuiltrfnii  antr  Hoau  .irssociatCons, 

The  follouiijffsfatistics  of  local  iJiiildiii!;  and  Loan  A'^socialions  in  the  Uiiilerl  States  were  reported 
at  the  last  auiuuU  lueetiiiK  ol    the  United  States  League  of  Local  Building  and  Loan  Associations, 

The  returns  are  tor  JOOfi -U7j 

"of 


States. 


Pennsvlviinia.. 

Oliio 

New  Jersey 

illiiiois 

^fii-ssacliusetts. 

New  York 

Indiana 

California 

[Michigan 

licuisiiina 

^[issouri 

Nebraska 

Iowa. 


Associa- 
lii>ns. 

Bo4 

389 

o(»l 

133 

■240 

349 

131 

o3 

46 

12-^ 

ril 

66 


I'oral 

M.iuber- 

ship. 


346,:^;5 

310.835 

131,218 

93,6-25 

104,482 

105,434 

97..528 

36,180 

35,958 

23,:«0 

19,100 

31,789 

_15,950 


T..t.Hl 

Assets. 


8137,640,602 

121.094,217 

61.988,192 

46,022,382 

42,557,575 

35,254,790 

32,201,253 

19.228,9:« 

1:5,031.682 

9,004,96" 

8.186,945 

8,961,788 

4,577,214 


Statk-s. 


N<-.  of 

As^o.  ia- 

tions. 


Kansas 

Xortli  Carolina 

W«consin 

Maine 

West  Virginia 

Tennessee 

Xew  Hampshire. 

<  Connecticut 

^finnesota.... 

North  Dakota 

Other  States 


45 
75 
54 

35 
29 
17 
16 
13 
18 
7 
950 


Total \     5,816 


I'olal 
Member- 
ship. 

14^3 
16,905 
11,195 

8,966 
9,300 
2,920 
5,475 
3,331 
S.(i«5 
1,700 
270,450 


1,699,714 


T..tai 
Assets. 

~$-4^62;!928 
4,346,242 
4,171,477 
3.434,726 
3. 40(1, 4. ")0 
1 ,929,498 
1.836.334 
1.605,712 
1,433,990 
991.303 
105.666,000 


$673.129.198 

The  followins?  was  tlie  stateinenr  ot  receipts  and  exi)enditnres  bvloc;al  associations  in  1900: 
Receipts:  Weekl.v  dues.  §167,346.676;  paid-up  stock. $12, 625. 500;  d^iiosits,  v39,43o.496:  loans 
repaid.  $i43.9.">l,964;  interest,  $39,601,780;  promium,  $3,157,704;  Hues,  $505, 020 ;  pass  books  and 
initiation,  S733, 608;    borrowed  money,  $43,  639,044;    real  estate  sold,  $7,511,508;  ruiscellaueous 
receipts,  $13,210,260;  total,  $494,286,996. 

Disbursements;  Pass  book  loans, $12. 2.58,  696;  mortsraffe  loans. $197, 244. 864;  stock  withdrawals, 
$145,764,720:    paid-up  stock   withdrawals,    $13,577,064;    deposit   wjihdiawals,  $34,910,172;    ex- 
penses.   X5. 427,636;    borrowed   monev,  $43,601.83-2:    interest,   §1,100. 412:  real  estate  purchased. 
$3  907,260;  miscellaneous,  $11,604,828;   total,  $496,3i.7.483. 
Thi        "  -         -  ...  .  . 

Shum\ 
Pr 

Treasui 

sistant  Secretar.v,  Addi-on  B.  Burk,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

In  1893  therA  were  240  national  building  and  loan  associations  in  the  United  States,  with  total 
assetsof  $37,020,366.  Since  that  date  this  class  of  associations  has  greatl.v  decreased  in  nnmbprs. 
Ou  Jan.  1,  1907,  they  were  approximately  fifty  in  number,  with  estimated  assets  of  $16,500,000. 

protruction  of  <^onL 

ATIKA  OF  TTTK  WOBLD'S  COAT,-FrKLDS,  IN  SQU.ABE  INfTLKS. 

Cftiva  and  Japan,  200.000;  United  States,  194.000;  India,  35,000;  Russia,  27.000;  Oreat 
Britain.  9,000;  Germany,  3,600;  France,  1,800;  Belgium,  Spain,  and  other  countries,  1,400. 
Total.  471.800. 

The  coal-fields  of  China.  Japan,  Great  Britain,  Germany.  Russia,  and  India  contain  apparentl}' 
303.000.000,000  tons,  which  is  enough  for  450  years  at  present  rate  of  consumption.  If  to  the  above 
be  added  the  coal-fields  in  the  United  States,  Canada,  and  other  countries,  the  siippl.v  will  be  found 
ample  for  l.oOO  yeavs.  Improved  machinery  has  greatly  increased  the  yield  per  miner,  and  thus 
prod'iced  a  fall  iii  price  to  the  advantage  of  all  industries. 

The  nrodiiction  of  the  principal  countries  in  1906  In  metric  tons  of  2,205  pounds  was:  United 
States,  375.397,204:  United  Kingdom,  251.050  809;  Germany.  ('.)  193, -33, 2.59:  Ansi  ria-Hiin- 
garv.  (n\  40.850,000:  France.  34,313,645:  BHsrium,  23.610,740:  Russia,  16.990.000;  Ja))an, 
12.500.00  >:  Australasia,  10,347,259-  India.  9.258,466;  Canada.  9,033.973;  Spain,  (rO  3,284.576; 
Sweden,  296,980;  South  .\frica.  (?;)  3.900.000;  Italy,  (a)  473,293;  all  otlipr countries,  (^) 5, 500, 000; 
total, partly  estimated,  990,502.793  metric  tons.    («)  Including  lignite.     (?>)  ILstimated. 

COAL  PROnUC^TfON  IN  TfTF  UNITED  STATES    1906  TTONS  OF  2,000  POUNDS). 


States. 


Tons. 


Vat.ue  at  Mike. 


Total. 


/iitittiitnunt. 

Alabama. 12,851,7751 

Arkansas  1,875,569! 

California (r)      80,000 

Colorado ' l     10,308,4211 

(Georgia  and  N.  Carol,  (a)    363.463 

Illinois V  3H.317.581 

11,422.00C 
2,980,600 
7.017,485 


Per 
Ton. 


Indiana 

Indian  Territory  (/) 

Iowa  

Kansa-s {r/)6.010.858 

Ketitnckv i        9,740.420 

Marvland 5.014,995' 

Michigan 1       1  370,860 

Missouri >       3.860.0(i0 

Montana (r»)  1,787.934 

New  Mexico  (  f) <       1,973,658 

North  Dakota (n)    3ro.998 

Onio 27.213.495 

Oregon (c)     79.731 

Pennsylvania '   129,532.991 


$17,349,896 

2,438,24'. 

232,000 

19:916.368 

407,247 

39,467.108' 

11,87^^880' 

5,663,140 

10,877,102 

8.935.1'.t5 

10.714,462 

6.772,243 

2.193,376 

6,176,0(i0 

3,186,620 

2,960,487 

937.894 

29,9.34,845 

212.338. 

145.076.950 


$1.35 
1.30 
2.90 
1.35 
1.1 
1.03 


States. 


Bituminous. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

[Wjushington 

West  Virginia 

1.04!;Wyoming 

1.90|,  Alaska  and  Nevada. 
1.551 
49! Total  bituminous... 
10| 
35  Anthracite. 

60  Colorado 

60: New  Mexico 

1 .78  iPennsvlvania 

1.501 

1.45;Total  anthracite. ... 

i.io; 

2.66!Total?Sh.  Tons 

1.12  Coal    S  Metric  Tons,. 


Tons. 


Value  at  Mine. 


6,210,000 
1,290.600 
1.839,219 
4,546,040 
3,293,098 
46,452,000 
5,805.322 
(<?)      90,000 


341,629,113 


50,000 

20.000 

72,139,566 


Total, 


$7,141  500 

2,064,96!) 

2.942.750 

8  501.095 

6,421,541 

44,129.400 

10.1.59.314 

360,000 


Per 
Ton. 

$1.15 

1.60 
1.6tJ 
1.87 
1.95 
.95 
1.75 
4.00 


$400,550,95r$1.17 


$155,0Ofl,$3.1O 

70,000!  3.. 50 

165,082,002;   2.30 


72,209,566     $166,307 ,002'S2  30 


413,838,679 
375,397.204' 


$566,857,953  .$1.37 
I  1  51 


(rt)  Figures  reported  bv  the  U.S.  Geological  Survey.  (^)  Estimated.  (O  Fiscal  year  ending  June 
30.  (a)  Fiscal  year  ending  June 30,  1906.  Imports  of  coal  into  the  United  States  for  the  calender 
yea    1906  amounted  to  1,744.507  short  tons,  of  which  32,357  tons  were  clas.sed  as  anthracite. 


Production  of  Pig  Iron  and  Steel. 


375 


J^rotruction  of  (a^rutrr  JUctrtilntm  in  tijc  SUnitet?  <^tatr*3. 


Veab 

Pro 

DCCTION.* 

EXPOETATION    MiNKRAI.   RKFINKD,  OR    MANUFACTURKn.t 

TtTAI,. 

(Including  llesiduuni.t) 

Naphthas, 

Lubricatiiii; 

JUAK  30 

Barrels  (of 

Gallons. 

Cnule. 

Benzine,   (jas- 

.  Ill'iminating. 

(Heavy  Paraf- 

Gallons. 

Value. 

42  gallons). 

Gallous. 

oliiie. 
Gallons.     • 

Gallons. 

fiiie,  etc.). 
Gallon.?. 

1893.... 

50.509,l;6 

2,121, 3S3, 71-.' 

111.70;J..-,08 

1 7,. HO  i,  005 

642.239,816 

3-.'.432,b57 

804,221, -.'30 

!f4-.M  42,058 

1894.... 

4s,41j,666 

2,033,331,972 

1J1,926,319 

15, 555, 7. ")4 

730,.;68.626 

40,190,.077 

908,-J5-.',314 

41,499,806 

1S95.... 

49,3'14,5I6 

2,072,4119,622 

11 1,28.^. -64 

14,h01,224 

7l4,8,i9.1-l4 

43,41^,942 

884,51.2,182 

46.660,082 

1896.... 

52,N9i,276 

2.221,475,592 

110,92:, 620 

12,319,319 

71 6,455, ;)65 

50,525,530 

89  1,458,994 

62.383,403 

1S»7.... 

60,9ti0,.«l 

'2,560,;a5,162 

131,726,243 

14,249,028 

771,350,626 

60.I99,::45 

973,514,946 

62,635,037 

1898.... 

60,4:5,516 

2,539,971,672 

113,297,397- 

16,25'.',929 

824,426,681 

60,299. .-'.65 

1,034,249,876 

56,125,578 

18.*9.... 

55,:;64,233 

2,;;-J5,297,7S6 

ll-i.OSN.oi'iO 

16,2,V.',785 

72-.',279,4,sO 

67,.l24,x.;i3 

999,713,706 

56,273,168 

1900 

57,070,850 

2,396,975,700 

133,023,656 

21,98S,093 

721,027,t37 

74,583,769 

967,252,341 

75,611,750 

1901 

63.363,92;* 

2,661,284,9'.3 

138.445,4;J0 

17,834,2.=i4 

781, '.07,105 

71,457,605 

1,034,643,890 

71,112,78,S 

1902 

69.:i89,194 

2,914,34«,14S 

13;;,5o6,80o 

23,498,479 

842,829,070 

76,035,611 

1,:  06,208,470. 

72,302,822 

1903.... 

88,2;i0.72o 

3,728,210,472 

134,892,170 

13,l:.9,228 

(i99,sl0.892 

93,314,5^6 

941,699,749 

67,263,533 

1904. . . . 

100,461,3.37 

4,219,3-;6,l.i4 

114,573,946 

16.910,071 

741,567,086 

■     88,809,242 

9»4,4-.'4,7^.7 

79,060,469 

1905 

117.090.772 

4,917, sl-.',4.=i6 

1 -'3,059,0 10 

30.M.i,6,i5 

823,021,953 

97,487.1116 

1,1:3.;.31.584 

79,793,222 

1903.... 

134,717,572 

5,658,13^,360 

139, 6-8, ".IS 

32,756,694 

864,-361,210 

146,110,702 

1,257,949,042 

84,011,327 

*  Pi-o(luction  is  tor  calen.lar  year  precediiig  the  fiscal  vear.  f  Export  statistics  for  the  fiscal  years  ending  June  30. 
t  Residuiiin— tar,  pitch,  and  all  other  from  which  the  lifjht  bo'lJL'.s  have  been  di.stilled.  In  189S  tliis  amounted  to  19,973,604  gallons, 
in  I>i99  to  30,66S,9S8  g.-ill..ns,  in  1900  to  16,629,186  <rallons,  in  1901  to  25,696,596  gallons,  in  1902  to  30,309,510  gallons,  in  1903  to 
21,715,720  gallons,  in  1904  to  22,560,570  gallous,  in  1905  to  75,031,821  g.iilous. 

T!ie  above  is  compiled  from  the  Report  of  the  Kureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Treasury  Department. 

Over  5,000,000,000  gallous  of  petroleum,  according  to  the  office  of  the  Geological  Survey,  are  now  produced  annually  in  the 
world.  Of  this  amount  2,500,000,000  are  produced  in  the  (Tnited  States,  2,250,000,000  in"  Russia,  and  the  remaind-r  is  dis- 
tributed among  a  dozen  countries,  Austria  producing  .s7,000,000;  Sumatra,  72,000,000;  Java,  30,000,000;  Canada,  29,000,000; 
Germany,  15,000,000.     The  United  States  exported  $7.i,612,000  and  Russia  $23,676,000  worth  of  mineral  oil  in  1900. 


rotruction  of  (aropprr,   ^tn,   antr   Zinc* 

.The  production  of  copper  iu  the  worM  in  1906,  stated  in  metric  tons  of  2204.6  lbs.,  was  as  follow.s 
iJnited  States,  416,226;  Spain  and  Portnsfal,  50,109;  Chile.  26,157;  Jai-an.  40,-528;  Germany 
20.(36o;  Mexico, 62. 690;  Auslrala.sia,  36,830;  South  Alrica,  6,645;  Canada,  19,106;  other  localitie.s 
36,312;  total  of  the  world,  715.268. 

The  copper  production  of  the  United  States  in  1906  was  distributed  as  follows  (fiprures  are  in 
t'^H^ofXOOOlbs.):  Alaska, 4,350;  Arizona,  131,600;  California,  12,210.5;  Colorado,  4.782.5;  Idaho, 
4  ,46.5;  Michio:an,  112.035.5;  JMoutana,  149,925;  New  Mexico,  3,131;  Utah,  24,856;  Wyoming, 
<3;JSouthern  States,  9,410.5;  other  States,  1.6S9.5;  total  productions,  458.810. 

■1  he  production  of  tin  in  tli^  world  in  1906.  in  Ions  tons,  was:  Knsrlaad,  4.920;  Straits  Settle- 
ments, 58,438;  Bankaand  Billiton,  11,250;  Anstrala.sia,  6,888;  Bolivia,  14,700;  United  States, 
none;  total  of  the  world.  96,196. 

The  production  of  zinc  in  the  world  in  1906,  in  metric  tons,  was  as  follows:  Austria,  10,780; 
,^P|?'i'm,  152,461;  France,  (r)4S,2S6;  (Jerinanv.  205, (i91;  lloilknd,  14,650;  Italy,  (d);  Knssia, 
2x.  V4  ''^Pf^i'i.  (c)  5,500;  United  Kin-dom,  52,-587;  United  State.s,  204,5i8;  total  of  the  world, 
704,113.  ' 


_      {r)  A  n  approximate  .separation  of  the  total  which  is  reported  for  France  and  Spain, 
in  Austria. 


(d)  Included 


The  statistics  of  Production  of  Coal. Copper,  Tin.  and  Zinc,  and  those  of  Tig  Iron  and  Steel,  which 
lollow,  were  compiled  for  The  World  Almanac  by  "The  Mineral  Industry"  and  the"Kngineer- 
mg  and  Mining  Journal.  " 


iarotruction  of   J^is  Jlrou  antr  c^tcel 

IN  PRINCIPAL  COUNTRBES    IN   METRIC  TONS. 


Veah 

AU.STRIA- 

lUNGARY. 

Bklg 

lUM. 

Canada. 

France. 

Gkr.manv. 

Pig  Iron. 

.Steel. 

Pig  Iron. 

Steel. 
5-26,670 

Pig  Iron. 

24'i,896 

Pig  Iron.     " 

Steel. 

Pig  Iron. 

Steel. 

liOl 

1,30  1,000 

1,142,,'iOO 

765,420 

2,3',N,823 

I,425,:i5l 

7,785,887 

6.394,222 

1902 

1,335,000 

1 ,443,900 

1,102,910 

776,875 

325,076 

2,427,427 

1,635,300 

8,402,6(10 

7,780,682 

1903 

1,355,000 

1,146,000 

1,299,2)1 

981,740 

2i.9,l}65 

2,827,66 -f 

1.854,620 

10,085,634 

8,801,515 

1904...... 

1,369,500 

1,195,000 

1,307,399 

1,069,880 

274,777 

2,999,787 

2,080,354 

10,10  ;,94l 

8,930,291 

1905 . 

1  372,300 

1,188,000 

1,310,290 

1,0-3,000 

475,491 

3,077,000 

2,110,000 

10,987,623 

10,06i;,o53 

1906 

1,403.500 

1,195,000 

1,431,160 

1,185,660 

560,618 

3,319,032 

2,371,377 

12,478,067 

11,135,085 

Year. 

Italy. 

Russia. 

Spain. 

Sweden. 

Pig  Iron. 

Steel. 

Pig  Iron. 

St.el. 

I'ig  Iron. 

^294.118  ' 
330,747 
380,284 
375,2.50 
383,10(1 

.;    :H87,5(J0 

Sletl. 

Pig  Iron. 

Steel. 

1901 

1902 

25,000 
24,500 
28,250 
27,600 
31, .300 

121,300 
119.500 
1 1 6,000 
113,800 
117,300 
409,000 

2,8rt9,30ri 
2,597,435 
2,486,610 
2,978,325 
2,125,000 
2.350,000' 

2,2.;0,o00 
2,183,400 
2,410,938 
2,811,!.48 
1,11.50.000 
1,763,000 

122,954 
163.5(i4 
199.;;42 
196,000 
237,864 
251,600 

628,375 
624,400 
50(),825 
528.525 
631 .200 
552,250 

269,897 
283.500 

1903     

1904 

317,107 
333,5.2 
340,000 
351, SOO 

1905 

1906 

30,450 

United  Kinudom. 

r.NiTKo  SjArt;=. 

.\!.i.  ornrfR  Cointrie:j. 

Totals. 

I'ig  liou. 

Steel. 

Pig  Iron. 

16,132,408 
18,003,44  < 
18,2..7,4.  (1 
10,760,986 
2:!,340,25H 
25,712.106 

Sreel. 

Pig  Iron." 

63S,<J00 
615,000 
o2"i,0(J0 
63.;^,O0i' 
655,000 
650,000 

.Steel.*  t 

431,601 
696,950 
699,,M4 
566,  U15 
42(i,00O 
420,000 

Pig  Iron. 

Steel. 

1901 

7.977,4.9 
>!,653,97i) 
8,952,183 
8,699,661 
9,74i;,221 
10,210,178 

5,o9r;.:;oi 
5,10. ',420 
5,114,647 
5,107,309 
5,983,691 
6,565,670 

13,689,1  ;3 
15.1&r;,406 
14,766,h9l 
13,74'),0r.l 
20,354,291 
23,738,587 

40,950,692 
44,342,.^79 
47,1). '.,730 
46,08,751 
64,0,54,78: 
59,074,861 

31,44ft,S6i. 
34,972,497 
36,298,4i4 
■'(5  150  ::20 

100-' 

1903 

1904 

1905 

43,900,648 
4M,902,079 

1906 

*  gstiinated.    flucluding  Canada,  which  in  1905  produced  403,449  tons. 


376  Copper   and  Lead  Smelting.         . 

Copper  antr  Hcatr  ^meltfns^ 

(From  Census  Bulletin  No,   80.) 

Aocordlng  to  the  special  reports  to  the  Census  Bureau,  103  establishments  were'reported 
as  eng-aged  in  the  combined  industry  of  copper,  lead  and  zinc  smelting  and  refining,  in 
l!i04.  Their  combined  capital  was  $164,349,036.  They  employed  26,853  wage-earners,  paid 
^20,058,200  in  wages,  consumed  material  costing  $382,723,480,  and  manufactured  products 
to  the  value  of  $451,398,354. 

At  the  Census  of  1900  the  lead  smelting  and  refining  industry  was  the  most  important 
of  the  three  branches,  and  copper  was  second;  but  at  the  census  of  1905  the  positions  'A^ere 
reversed.  At  the  later  census  the  copper  industry  supplied  46.8  per  cent,  of  the  capital, 
47.5  per  cent,  of  the  wage-earners,  and  53.3  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  products,  while  the 
lead  industry  furnished  38.8  per  cent,  of  the  capital,  28.2  per  cent,  of  the  wage-earners,  and 
41.2  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  products.  That  the  growth  of  the  copper  industry  has  been 
greater  than  the  growth  of  the  lead  is  partially  due  to  an  increase  in  the  practice  of 
smelting  the  dry  ores  of  the  precious  metals  with  copper  instead  of  lead  ores, 

COPPER    SMELTING    AND    REFINING. 

Copper  smelting  and  refining  was  the  principal  industry  of  40  establishments,  the  com- 
bined capital  of  which  was  $76,824,640.  These  establishments  furnished  employment  to 
12,752  wage-earners,  paid  $10,827,043  in  wages,  consumed  materials  costing  $196,736,986, 
and  manufactured  products   to   the  value   of  $240,780,216. 

WTien  compared  with  the  figures  for  the  Census  of  1900,  those  for  1905  show  a  decrease 
of  14.9  per  cent,  in  the  number  of  establishments,  but  an  increase  of  44.8  per  cent,  in 
capital,  of  12.6  per  cent,  in  wage-earners,  of  26.9  per  cent,  in  wages,  of  61  per  cent,  in  cost 
of  materials,  and  of  45.S  per  cent,  in  the  value  of  products. 

COPPER   REFINED   IN   THE    EAST. 

The  growth  of  the  industry,  however,  has  not  been  uniform  in  the  sections  east  and 
west  of  the  Mississippi.  The  figures  reveal  a  tendency  toward  the  growth  and  concentra- 
tion of  the  refining  industry  in  the  Eastern  territory.  In  1900  this  territory  reported  only 
S6.8  per  cent,  of  the  refining,  while  in  1905  it  reported  98.8  per  cent.  The  operations  of 
the  Western  establishments  are  now  confined  almost  entirely  to  smelting,  with,  in  a 
majority  of  cases,  the  conversion  of  the  matte  into  blister  copper,  which  is  electrolytically 
refined  in  the  East. 

GOLD  AND  SILVER  BY-PRODUCTS. 

At  the  Census  of  1905  the  product  of  smelting  was  valued  at  $88,374,830  and  that  of 
refining  at  $149,711,214.  The  products  of  smelting  consisted  roughly  of  .539.000,000  pounds 
of  fine  copper  contents  of  blister  or  anodes,  valued  at  $60,000,000;  82,000,000  pounds  of 
fine  copper  contents  of  matte,  valued  at  $9,000,000;  22,000,000  ounces  of  silver,  valued  at 
$12,000,000,  and  322,000  ounces  of  gold,  valued  at  $6,000,000.  The  products  of  refining  con- 
sisted roughly  of  934,000,000  pounds  of  ingots,  wire,  bars,  etc..  valued  at  $119,000,000; 
28,000.000  pounds  of  blue  vitriol,  valued  at  $1,000,000;  28,000.000  ounces  of  silver,  valued 
at  $16,000,000,  and  636,000  ounces  of  gold,  valued  at  $13,000,000.  Thus  it  appears  that  the 
])roduct  of  the  precious  metals  resulting  from  smelting  and  refining  copper  is  valued  at 
pbout  $29,000,000.  In  1900  the  product  of  the  precious  metals  resulting  from  smelting  and 
refining  copper  was   a   little  more   than   $12,000,000. 

NEW  JERSEY  THE  LARGEST  PRODUCER. 
New  Jersey  is  the  largest  producer  of  refined  copper,  and  between  1900  and  1905  it 
increased  its  production  of  the  total  for  the  country.  Of  the  602.595,113  pounds  of  ingots, 
wire,  bars,  etc.,  reported  in  1900,  New  Jersey  produced  28.3  per  cent.,  while  of  the  933,809,- 
701  pounds  reported  in  1905  it  produced  35.6  per  cent.  The  refining  industry  in  New  York 
also  made  a  great  advance,  so  that  the  States  of  New  Jersey  and  New  Yoi-k  reported  for 
1905  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  refined  copper  product  of  the  country.  Michigan  was  third 
and   Maryland   fourth. 

LEAD   SMELTING    AND    REFINING. 

Lead  smelting  and  refining  was  the  leading  industrj'  of  32  establishments,  the  aggre- 
gate capital  of  which  was  $63,822,810.  These  establishments  employed  7,573  wage-earners, 
paid  $5,374,691  in  wages,  consumed  materials  costing  $168,958,076,  and  manufactured  prod- 
ucts valued  at  $185,826,839. 

When  compared  with  the  corresponding  figures  given  at  the  Census  of  1900,  those  for 
1905  show  a  decrease  of  17.9  per  cent,  in  the  number  of  establishments,  of  11.5  per  cent,  in 
capital,  and  of  9  per  cent,  in  the  average  number  of  wage-earners;  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
they  show  an  increase  of  5.6  per  cent,  in  total  wages,  of  17.2  per  cent,  in  cost  of  materials, 
and  of  5.9  per  cent,  in  value  of  products.  The  decrease  in  the  number  of  active  establish- 
ments, in  capital  invested,  number  of  wage-earners  and  general  operating  expenses  has 
all  been  in  the  West,  for  establishments  east  of  the  Mississippi  show  increases  in  these 
items. 

The  products  of  the  lead  smelting  and  refining  Industry  consisted  of  783.000,836  pounds 
of  lead,  valued  at  $30,357,901;  of  2,574,549  ounces  of  gold,  valued  at  $52,994,436,  and  of 
72.592,987  ounces  of  silver,  valued  at  $41,425,114.  As  compared  with  the  corresponding 
figures  of  1900,  those  for  1005  show  an  Increase  in  quantity  of  33.2  per  cent,  for  lead,  of 
2.4  per  cent,  for  gold,  and  of  3.1  per  cent,  for  silver.  In  value  lead  increased  20.6  per  cent, 
and  gold  1.9  per  cent.,  but  silver  decreased  1.7  per  cent.  That  the  development  of  the 
precious  metals  did  not  keep  pace  with  that  of  lead  Is  not  due  to  a  decrease  In  the  precious 
metal  values  of  the  argentiferous  lead  ores  treated,  but  results  from  the  large  Increase  in 
the  quantity  of  dry  gold  and  silver  ores  treated  by  the  copper  smelters.  This  increase 
in  the  consumption  of  dry  ores  by  the  copper  smelters  has  been  at  the  expense  of  tlae 
lead  smelt?f§. 


The   Iron   and   Steel  Industry,  377 


^f)c  Jlron  autJ  .Strcl  J;utiustra>. 

(From  Census  Bulletin  No.   78.) 

From  1900  to  1905  the  number  of  establishments  in  the  United  States  has  decreased 
from  tJbU  to  606.  At  the  same  time  capital  Increased  from  $590,530,484  to  $948,080,640;  the 
average  number  of  wage-earners,  from  222.007  to  242,740;  wages,  from  $120,836,338  to 
$141,439,906;  the  cost  of  materials  used,  from  $522,431,701  to  $620,171,881.  and  the  value  of 
l^roducts,  from  $804,034,918  to  $905,854,152.  The  tonnage  produced  in  1905  was  $34,844,938, 
an  increase  of  18.1   per  cent,   since   1900. 

BLAST    FURNACES. 

The7-c  wore,  in  1905,  101  blast  furnace  establishments,  14.7  per  cent,  less  than  in  1900. 
The  capital  invested  was  $239, .559, 194,  an  increase  of  61. G  per  cent.  Materials  cost  $178,- 
967.449,  36.1  per  cent,  more  than  in  1900;  the  tonnage  of  products  was  16,628,294,  a  gain 
of  15.1  per  cent.,   and  the  value  $231,889,126,   a  gain  of  12.1  per  cent. 

In  the  number  of  wage-earners  there  was  a  decline  from  39,358  to  35,178  in  1905,  due 
chiefly  to  the  use  of  pig  iron  casting  machines  in  place  of  sand  casting  and  to  improve- 
ments in  charging  devices  and  in  ore  handling  machines  for  stocking  and  charging.  The 
reduction  in  the  labor  factor  through  the  improvements  in  equipment,  as  might  be  expected, 
i.«;  balanced  by  a  corresponding  increase  in  the  capital  invested.  The  investment  in  build- 
ings, machjnery,  tools  and  implements  in  1905  in  active  establishments  averaged  $8.24  per 
ton  of  pig  iron  produced,  as  compared  with  $5.48  per  ton  in  1900,  an  increase  of  50.4  per  cent. 

PIG   IRON    MANUFACTURED. 

Considerable  more  pig  iron  was  made  with  mixed  coke  and  bitumlnovis  coal  as  fuel  in 
1905  than  in  1900,  and  less  with  anthracite  coal  and  with  mixed  anthracite  coal  and  coke. 
The  quantity  of  charcoal  pig  iron,  although  greater  than  in  1900,  was  relatively  small. 
Bessemer  and  low-phosphorus,  of  which  there  were  8,894,584  tons  and  192,795  tons,  re- 
spectively, together  formed  54.7  per  cent,  of  all  pig  iron  pi'oduced  in  1905.  Basic  pig  iron 
to  the  amount  of  2,553,940  tons.  172.4  per  cent,  more  than  in  1900,  formed  15.4  per  cent,  of 
the  total,  and  foundry  pig,  3,679,243  tons,  formed  22.1  per  cent,  of  the  total.  None  of  the 
remaining  grades  reported— malleable,  Bessemer,  forge,  white  and  mottled,  and  miscel- 
laneous grades,  ferrosilicon,  spiegeleisen,  ferromanganese,  and  direct  castings — formed  as 
much  as  4  per  cent,   of  the  total. 

IRON   FOR   STEEL   MAKING. 

Iron  for  steel  makinsf — comprising  Bessemer,  low-phosphorus,  basic,  ferrosilicon,  spiegel- 
eisen and  ferromanganese— aggregated  11,921,-578  tons,  an  increase  of  23.4  per  cent,  over  the 
production  of  like  grades  in  1900.  The  major  part  of  the  pig  iron  product— 9,926,545  tons, 
or  59.7  per  cent. — was  made  by  establishments  controlling  steel  works  and  rolling  mills  for 
consumption  therein.  After  deducting  this  and  the  quantity  purchased  from  independent 
establishments  by  steel  works  and  rolling  mills— 2,264,683  tons— there  remains  out  of  the 
total  pig  iron  production  16,628,294  tons— 4,437,066  available  for  foundries,  other  indus- 
tries,   etc. 

With  the  development  of  the  Bessemer  and  open-hearth  processes  there  has  resulted 
the  practice  of  retaining  the  blast-furnace  metal  in  molten  condition.  Casting  machines 
have  also  been  extensively  inti-oduced,  and  to  a  small  extent  the  practice  of  chill  casting 
ot  casting  on  an  iron  floor.  Of  all  pig  iron  made,  6,083,513  tons  were  sand  cast,  5,898.744 
tons  were  delivered  in  molten  condition  to  Bessemer  converters,  open-hearth  furnaces,  ^tc. ; 
4,307,108  tons  were  machine  cast,  329,460  chill  cast,  and  9,469  were  direct  castings. 

The  most  important  impi'ovement  of  late  years  in  the  blast  furnace  industry  is  the 
Gayley  dry-air  blast,  which,  by  eliminating  the  effect  of  the  moisture  of  the  air  and  its 
tendency  to  consume  heat  energy,  results  in  the  following  economies:  a  reduction^  of  some 
20  per  cent,  in-  the  fuel  consumed  per  unit  of  pig  ii'on,  increase  in  the  capacity  of  the 
furnace,  reduction  in  iron  ore  waste  (dust),  and  control  over  silicon  range.  There  is  also, 
incidentally,   a  saving  in  power. 

STATES  PROMINENT  IN  THE  PIG  IRON  INDUSTRl. 
In  1905  there  were  active  blast  furnaces  in  twenty  States.  Pennsylvania  is  still  far  in 
advance  of  the  other  States  as  a  producer  of  pig  iron.  Ohio.  Illinois  and  Alabama  follow, 
in  the  order  named.  All  but  three  of  the  States  which  had  more  than  two  blast  furnace 
establishments  in  190.5  reported  increases  in  pig  iron  production.  Pennsylvania  produced 
one-half  of  the  Bessemer  pig  iron,  nearly  three-fourths  of  the  low-phosphorus,  nearly 
three-fourths  of  the  basic,  over  one-fifth  of  the  foundry,  more  than  one-half  of  the  forge, 
over  three-fifths  of  the  spiegeleisen,  all  of  the  ferromanganese,  nearly  one-third  of  the 
direct  castings,  and  relatively  small  amounts  of  the  remaining  grades — malleable  Bessemer, 
white  and  mottled,  and  miscellaneous  grades,  and  ferrosilicon. 

STEEL  WORKS   AND    ROLLING   MILLS. 

The  number  of  active  steel  works  and  rolling  mills  for  which  separate  reports  were 
received  was  415,  a  decrease  of  23  from  the  number  in  1900.  The  capital  invested  in 
these  establishments  was  $709,130,646,  an  increase  of  60.5  per  cent,  since  1900;  the  amount 
invested  in  idle  establishments  was  $21,247,646.  The  average  number  of  wage-earners  and 
wages  were,  respectively,  207,562,  a  gain  of  13.4  per  cent.,  and  ^122,491,993,  a  orain  of 
19.8  per  cent.  The  cost  of  materials  used  was  $441,204,432,  and  the  value  of  products, 
$673,965,026;  the  gain  was  13  per  cent.  In  both.  The  total  tonnage  of  products  was  18,216,- 
639,  an  increase  of  21.1  per  cent.,  compared  with  an  increase  in  the  decade  preceding  of 
103.6  per   cent. 

Pennsylvania  continues  to  produce  more  than  one-half  of  the  cast  steel  and  rolled  ii-on 
and  steel  products,  its  output  constitutiiig  54  per  cent,  of  the  total  value,  compared  with 
55.7  per  cent,  in  1900.  This  State  reports  one-half  of  all  employees  and  expenses  per- 
taining to  the  industry,  and  over  one-half  the  capital.  Its  present  share  of  the  steel 
making  and  rolling  mill  industry  is  even  greater  than  its  share  in  the  blast  furnace 
branch,  and  exceeds  by  over  $30.0(K),000  the  total  product  of  steel  works  and  rolling  mills 
for  the  entire  country  in  1S90.     Ohio  ranks  second,  Illinois  third,  and  New  York  fourth. 


Ji'78 


Mineral  Products  of  the  United  States. 


lilfncral  jprotruct?^  of  U)t  Uwita  .states, 

ORES    AND    MiNERALS. 


I'koducts, 


Meuiiures. 


Antimony  ore 

A.sl)c.sU)S 

Asphalt iini  (u) 

Bury  tes 

Bauxite 

01) rum e  ore 

Coal,  anthracite 

Coal,  bituminous 

Diatomaceous  earth 

Kmery 

Feldspar  (if) 

Flint((0 

Fluorspar 

Fuller's  earth 

Garnet 

Graphite,  amorphous 

(iraphite,  crystalline 

G y psn ni  ( (/) ^ . . , 

Iron  ore 

Limestone  flux '.'. 

^lagnetite  (i/) 

Manganese  ore 

I^fica,  sheet  (c) 

Mica,  scrap  (k) 

Monazite  (») 

Petroleum,  crude 

I'hosphate  rock 

Pmnice 

Pyrites 

Quartz,  crystalline '. . . . . . ... . . . 

SaltOO   

Sand,  gla-ss 

Slate,  roofing 

Soda,  natural 

Sulphur 

Talc,  common 

Talc,  fibrous 

Tn ngsten  ore 

whetstones  and  Oilstones  (k) 
Zi no  ore 

Total  enumerated 


Sh.  T. 
Sh.  'J'. 
Sh.  T. 
Sh.  T. 

J,,  -v. 
r..  T. 
Sh.  T. 
Sh.  T. 
Sh.  'i\ 
Sh. 
Sh. 
Sh. 


lyos. 


Qu.iutity. 


T. 
T. 
T. 
Sh.  T. 


Sh. 
Sh. 
Sh. 


'1\ 
'1\ 
T. 


Lb. 
Sh.  T. 
L.  'J\ 
L.  T. 
Sh.  T. 
L.  T. 

Lb. 
S!i.  T. 

Lb. 
Bbl.  (/) 
T,.    T. 
Sh.  T. 
L.  T. 
Sh.  T. 
Bbl.  (/.) 
Sh.  T. 
Squares(/") 
Sh.  T. 
L.  T. 
Sh.  T. 
Sh.  T. 
Sh.  T. 


Sh.  T. 


Xil. 

3,100 

115,267 

i>3,252 

47,991 

40 

78,731,523 

308,344,613 

10,977 

2,315 

35,419 

51,145 

39,600 

25,745 

3,694 

21,953 

4,260,656 

1,013,202 

44,578,456 

14,098,000 

3,933 

('0  863,663 

851.000 

-J  856 

1.3.52,418 

139,889,210 

1,933,28b 

1,832 

224,980 

19,039 

25.966,122 

1,030,334 

1,241.227 

ie)     12,000 

215.000 

40,134 

67,000 

(f)    834 


Value. 


19' '6. 


795,698 


$126,300 

758,153 

196.041 

203,960 

600 

178,788,244 

354,543 ,5(. 5 

64.637 

19,667 

226,157 

104,109 

232,45i 

186,816 

114,695 

80,639 

170,426 

821,967 

94,768,122 

6,739,20(1 

224,980 

1,681,472 

185,900 

15,255 

163,908 

118,905  828 

9, 7 13,^-96 

5,540 

752,936 

88.11H 

6,095.922 

1,083,730 

4,574,550 

18,000 

4,742,900 

637,062 

469,000 

257,493 

244,346 

15,596,457 


Quantity. 


295 

1,695 

116,653 

63.486 

78,331 

180 

72,209,566 

341,629,113 


2,147 

72,656 

66,697 

34,683 

28,000 

5,404 

16,853 

4,894.483 

1,540,585 

49.237,12*1 

15,486,139 

7,805 

(»)    141,681 

1,423.100 

1,489 

846,175 

131,771,505 

2,052,742 

12,200 

225,045 


28,172,380 
1,089,430 
1,1:14,742 


285,000 

58,972 

64  200 

1,096 


Value. 


$44,250 

20,565 

1,066,019 

252,719 

352.490 

1,800 

166,307,002 

400  550,951 


22,780 

401,5:>1 

243.012 

201.481 

237.950 

179,543 

102,175 

170,866 

3,837,975 

107,091,574 

7,339,125 

2:5, -115 

306,993 

25i,248 

22,742 

152,312 

80,277.279 

12,342,741 

16,750 

767,866 


6,658,350 
1,208J88 
6,668,346 


905,175 


6.056,250 
874,356 
541,600 
442,784 
268,070 
17,230,420 


$803,602,383 


§821,555.123 


SECONDARY    MINERALS    AND    CHEMICALS. 


AInndum ^... 

Awimonium  sulphate. 

Ar.-<eiiJc 

P.orax 

Bromine 

Carboruudum 

Cement,  nat.  hyd  («).. 
Cement,  Portland  (k}- 

Cement,  shig  («) 

Coke 

Copper  sulphate C*").... 

Copjieras 

Cru.shed  steel 

Graphite,  artificial.... 

Lead,  white 

Lead, sublimed  white. 

Lead,  red ... 

Lead,  orange  mineral 

I-itharge 

Mineral  wool, 

Zinc  oxide  {m) 

Total 


3,612,000 

65,296 

1,545,400 

46,334 

899.434 

5,596,280 

4.473.049 

35,246,812 

382,447 

28,490,611 

53,718.996 

21,103 

812.000 

4,595,500 

122,398 

6,977 

16,269 

1,(100 

12,643 

6,164 

72,603 


8252,840 

4,331,233 

$303,186 

4,108.424 

75,000 

4,674.750 

50,225 

1,66;!  ,000 

83.150 

1,1119,158 

58,173 

1,182,410 

1S9,432 

1,229,000 

184.3.50 

599,628 

6,225,280 

622,528 

2,413,052 

3,935.151 

2,362,iJ0 

33,245,867 

46,610.822 

51,240  652 

272,614 

481.224 

412,912 

72,299,694 

32,690,362 

86.887.392 

2,417,355 

50.925.932 

3,157,408 

147.721 

22.839 

228,390 

56.840 

837,000 

68,590 

313.979 

4,868,000 

312  764 

12,068,443 

123,640 

15,234,297 

690,770 

7,988 

798,880 

1,919,767 

13,693 

1,874,448 

120,000 

2  927 

421,488 

1,422  616 

13.816 

1,890.(15(1 

69,560 

6,357 

55 .550 

5,772,240 

77,800 

6,257  .:*1 

!^139,400;J2o 

$178,242,696 

Prodactloii  of   Tohacco. 


379 


MINERAL  PRODUCTS  OP 

THE   UNITED    STATES— C'ou/t/mtc/. 

METALS. 

Measures. 

i:t05. 

190«. 

PROD0CT8. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value      _^ 

Aliiniiiiuni 

Lb. 

Lb. 

Lb. 

L,  T. 

Troy  oz. 

L.  T. 

Sli.  T. 

Sh.T. 

Troy  oz. 

Flasks.(o) 

Troy  oz. 

Sh.  T. 

11,350,000 

5,912.000 

875,141.741 

289,983 

4,266,120 

22,702,397 

319,744 

6,500 

318 

80,705 

56,101,600 

201,748 

$3,632,000 

614,848 

137,404,200 

17,639,666 

88,180.700 

377,540,862 

30.100,700 

5,005,000 

5,320 

1,217,652 

33,858,4S8 

23,733,635 

14,350,000 

5.856.000 

917,620,000 

300,500 

4.648  385 

25,006,691 

345,529 

7.150 

1,439 

2«,293 

56,183,500 

225.494 

$5,166,000 

Ant'niouy..., 

1,272,509 

Copper 

180,000,339 

i< erroinans'anese  (oi... 

24,040,000 

Gold  (fine) 

Iron  (pig)  

96,101.400 
453,871,441 

Lead _ 

39,093.151 

Nickel  (.s) 

6,360,640 

Platinum 

45.189 

Qnicksilver 

Silver  (fine) , 

1.157,184 
37,525,521 

Zinc , 

27,961,256 

Total  metals 

•••••• 

$718,933,021 
803,602,383 
139,400,225 

$872,514,630 

Total  ores  and  minerals 

821,555,123 

Secondary  products 

178,242,696 

Orand  total  enumerated 





1,661,935,629 

1,872,312,449 

((•)  Includes  sulphate  lua/^'e  from  metallic  cooper,  (ff)  fncludes  manj?aniferous  iron  ore.  (^) 
Estimated.  (/)  One  "square"  covers  100  square  feet,  (j/)  Barrels  of '.<i65  Mjs.  (/o  Barrels  of  380 
lbs.  (/)  Barrels  of  42  gallons.  (A)  Includes  salt  used  in  inanulacture  of  alkali;  the  barrel  of  salt 
weighs  280 lbs.  (/?i)  Includes  a  small  quantity  made  from  spelter,  (o)  Flasksof  75  lbs.  ((/)  Includes 
.spiegeleisen,  although  the  value  is  given  as  for  ferromauganese.  (s)  Includes  nickel  from  Canadian 
ores  smelted  in  the  United  States.  (O  Barrels  of  330  lbs.  (n)  Figures  reported  by  the  United  States 
Geological  Survej'.  (w)  F^xciudes  Luke  Superior  manganiterous  iron  ore  which  is  included  in  iron 
ore  proper.  

The  foregoing  statistics  of  "■  Mineral  Products  of  the  United  States"  were  compiled  by  the  New 
York  periodical,  "  The  Mineral  Industry, ' '  and  "  The  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal.' ' 


33rotructio«  of  Cofjacco, 

HETURXS  FOR  1906  TO  TELE  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE. 


States. 

Troduct. 

Acreage. 

Farm  Value. 

States, 

Product. 

Acreage. 

Farm  Value. 

Kentuckj'. ........ 

Pounds. 

252,300,000 
74,200,000 
73,555,425 
69,807,640 
49,725,000 
35 ,750,0  JO 
34,069,000 
24,532,900 

Acres. 

290,000 

70,000 

108,971 

120,358 

39,(MK) 

26,000 

43,400 

14,140 

$19,427,100 
8,533,000 
6,031,545 
6,980,764 
6,712,875 
4,897.750 
2,555,175 
4,415,922 

Maryland.. 

Indiana 

Pounds. 

17,724,000 

10,980,000 

8,842  500 

8.246,000 

21,814,565 

Acres. 

29,540 

12,000 

7,074 

4,712 

29,829 

$17,724.00(t 

10,980,000 

1  220  265 

Ohio 

Virginia 

New  York 

Massachusetts 

Other  States 

Total  U.S 

North  Carolina. . 
^V'isconsin 

1,525,5U/ 
3,919,164 

Pennsylvania 

'!  ennessee 

682,428,560 

796,099 

Connecticut 

$68,232,647 

The  imports  of  tobacco,  fiscal  year  1907,  were  39,540,321  pounds,  valued  at  $26,055,248.  Of 
tliese  importations  20.333, 2H4  pounds,  valued  at  $13,527,803,  were  from  Cuba,  The  exports  were 
340,742,864  pounds,  valued  at  $33,377,398. 


STATISTICS  or  TOBACCO-GROWING  COUNTKIES. 


COUNTEIES. 


United  States  .... 

Germany 

Bussia  

France 

United  Kingdom. 

Austria 


Hungarj' 1903 


Year. 

Product 

ion. 

POUIK 

Is. 

1904 

660.401 

,000 

1903-4 

72,911 

,000 

1902 

232,767 

.000 

1902 

54,610,000  ! 

1904 

•  •      • 

.... 

lf)02 

15,895,000 

1903 

134,. 567 

,000 

Totil 
Consumption. 


Pounds. 

■^  40, 000, 000 

201,783,000 

150,244,000 

84,393,000 

83,378,000 

78,755,000 
47,905,000 


Total  Ueveniie 

(Customs  and 

Excise). 


Dollars. 
65.832,102 
16,567,000 
2  4,254,000 
81,063.000 
63,806,000 
r  27,443,000 
(  44,633,000 
14,264,000 
22.484,000 


{ 


I'lT  Capita 
Consump- 
tion. 


FoUl 

5. 
.» 
o. 

1. 

2. 
1 


Ids. 
40 
44 
10 
le 
95 

02 


I'cr  Capita 
Tax. 


s 


2.42 


Ijo  liars 

0. 80 

.28 

.18 

2.08 

1.49 

1.04 

1.69 

.72 

1.14 


Ta.v  per 
I'ound 

Consuraed. 


Cents 
15.0 
8.2 
16.1 
96.1 
76.  5 
34.9 
56.7 
29.8 
47.0 


Production  of  other  countries  In  pounds  in  1PU4  :  Cuba.  45,748,000;  Brazil,  55,000,000:  Bjel- 
SL^r^^A^'^^- 000;  British  India,  441.000:  Jftra,  49,100,000;  Sumatra,  46,500,000;  Japar,  105.- 
§63,000;  Tu?3c9y.  9O,0O0,C(X5r  ?h?\lcp5E«9,  »8,itk),dQe.     \ti%A '^crld,  3,040,817.000. 


380  The  7ohacGo  Industry  in  the   United  States, 


V 


ri^r  rotjacco  KuTrustrs  in  tijt  mnittti  States- 

(From  Census  Bulletin  Xo.  87.) 
Census  statistics  of  the  manufacture  of  tobacco  appeared  first  at  the  Census  of  1810. 
The  classifications  were  ''American  Cigars,"  "Spanish  Cigars."  and  "Tohacco  and  Snuff. 
No  totals  were  presented  for  the  entire  country,  but  the  returns  for  Pennsylvania  gave  a 
total  of  3.898,999  Spanish  cigars,  valued  at  .«2G.5.iO:  29,061.000  American  cigars,  valued  at 
$44  253,  and  2,186.7.57  pounds  of  tobacco  and  snuff,  having  a  value  of  $410,910.  For 
Virginia  were  returned  2,726,713  pounds  of  tobacco  and  snuff,  of  a  value  of  $469,000.  At 
the  Census  of  1840,  out  of  thirtv  States  and  Territories  the  manufacture  of  tobacco  was 
reported  for  twenty-eight,  the  total  value  of  products  as  shown  in  the  recapitulation  being 
$5,819,568,   of  which  Virginia  reported  $2,406,671. 

GROWTH   SINCE  1850. 
The  returns   at   the   Census  of    1850   were    for    "tobacconists."     The   value    of   products 
■was  reported  as  $13,4!)1,147,    of  which   $5,1.57.652  was   from   Virginia;   the   number  of  estab- 
li'^hments    in    the   United   States    was    1.418;    the    capital.    $5,008,295;    the   number   of   wage- 
earners.   14,236,  of  which  1,975  were  females;  the  cost  of  labor,  $2,420,208,  and  of  materials, 

'^  The"  enormous  growth  of  the  industry  since  1850  is  indicated  by  the  Tact  that  the 
value  of  products  for  the  vear  covered  by  the  Census  of  1905  was  $331,117,681.  the  capital 
employed  being  $.323,983,501.  In  the  same  year  the  industry  expended  $126,088,608  for 
materials,    $62,640,303   for   wages,    $8,800,434   for   salaries,    and   $80,145,016   for   miscellaneous 

The  'value  of  products  increased  25.6  per  cent,  for  1905,  as  compared  with  1900;  the 
cost  of  materials,  35.8  per  cent.,  and  the  amount  paid  in  wages,  30.6  per  cent.  The 
reported  capital  shows   an  increase  of  190.5  per  cent. 

NUMBER    OF    WAGE-EARNERS. 

The  number  of  wage-earners  employed  in  1905  in  this  industry  was  159,408.  This 
represents  the  average  number  employed  during  the  year  and  includes  85,691  men,  66,.301 
women,  and  7,416  children  under  sixteen  years  of  age.  The  proportion  of  women  com- 
prised in  the  total  has  greatly  increased  in  recent  years.  In  ISSO  only  23.1  per  cent,  of 
the  total  number  of  wage-earners  in  this  industry  were  women.  This  proportion  increased 
to  29.8  per  cent,   in  1890,   37.2  per  cent,    in  1900,  and  41.6  per  cent,    in   1905. 

Of  the  reported  aggregate  value  of  products,  cigars  and  cigarettes  form  64.7  per 
cent,  and  chewing  and  smoking  tobacco  and  snuff  35.3  per  cent.  Of  the  total  number 
of  wage-earners  85  per  cent,  were  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  cigars  and  cigarettes. 
The  number  of  establishments  reported  as  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cigars  and 
cigarettes  was  16, .395,  while  the  number  reported  for  the  other  branch  of  the  industry 
was  only  453.  This  striking  difference  is  due  in  part  to  the  fact  that  cigars  and  cigar- 
ettes are  'to  a  considerable  extent  manufactured  in  small  establishments,  whereas  chewing 
and  smoking  tobacco  and  snuff  is  mostly  produced  in  factories  of  considerable  size.  For 
(the  cigar  and  cigarette  branch  of  the  industry  the  average  capital  invested  per  establish- 
ment was  only  $8,852.  while  for  the  other  branch  it  was  $413,043.  A  similar  contrast 
appears  in  the  average  number  of  wage-earners  per  establishment,  the  number  being  8 
for  cigars  and  cigarettes  ^nd  55  for  chewing  and  smoking  tobacco  and  snuff. 

TOBACCO  CONSUMED. 
According  to  the  reports  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  the  total  amount 
of  tobacco  manufactured  in  1904  was  448.511.583  pounds,  the  quantity  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  cigars  and  cigarettes  being  141,020.029  pounds,  as  compared  with  307. 491. .5.54 
pounds  used  for  the  production  of  chewing  and  smoking  tobacco  and  snuff.  As  reported 
bv  the  Census,  the  value  of  the  raw  materials — mostly  tobacco— used  in  the  manufacture 
of  cigars  and  cigarettes  ($69,291,011)  was  more  than  twice  the  value  of  that  consumed  in 
for  cigars  and  cigarettes  and  55  for  chewing  and  smoking  tobacco  and  snuff. 

PRODUCTION  OF  CIGARS  AND  CIGARETTES. 
According  to  figures  derived  from  the  reports  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue, 
the  number  of  cigars  manufactured  in  the  calendar  year  1904  was  7,376.669.742,  and  the 
number  of  cigarettes  was  3,433,9<i3,422.  As  compared  with  the  year  1900.  this  shows  an 
increase  of  19.4  per  cent,  in  the  manufacture  of  cigars  and  nf  5.4  per  cent,  in  the  manu- 
facture of  cigarettes.  The  Census  Bulletin  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  n_umber 
of  cigars  and  cigarettes  consumed  increased  27.5  per  cent,  between  1900  and  1905,  and 
that  between  1S69  and  1905  the  consumption  of  cigars  increased  nearly  sevenfold,  while 
the  population  in   the  same  period   increased  only  a   little  over   twofold. 

PRINCIPAL,    PRODI^CING    STATES. 

The  manufacture  of  cigars  and  cigarettes  is  one  of  the  few  factory  industries  that 
are  represented  in  every  State  and  Territory.  The  production  ranges  in  value  from 
.$'.•.310  (reported  for  the  State  of  Mississippi)  to  $60,623,617.  reported  for  New  York.  The 
production  in  New  York  represents  in  value  28.3  per  cent,  of  the  total  production  (214,- 
3.50.051)  of  the  United  States.  There  were  four  other  States  for  which  the  reported  value 
of  products  exceeded  $10.000.("KX>.  These  States,  with  the  value  of  product,  were  as  fol- 
lows: Pennsylvania,  $.39,079,122;  Florida.  $10,764,276;  Ohio.  $13.241.2.30.  and  Illinois.  $11.- 
66!). 485.  As  compared  with  the  Census  of  lOOO  a  very  noteworthy  increase  in  the  value 
i->r  product  is  shown  for  the  State  of  New  Jersev,  in  which  the  production  increased  from 
$2,647,595  for  1900  to  $8..331,611  in  1905.  This  increase  was  due  chiefly  to  the  establish- 
ment of  a  number  of  large  cigar  factories,  most  of  which  were  owned  by  one  corporation. 
As  a  result.  New  Jersey  advanced  from  the  twelfth  place  in  19(K)  to  the  sixth  at  the 
Census  of  1905. 

The  production  of  chewing  and  smoking  tobacco  and  snuff  is  confined  to  a  smaller 
-Tiumber  of  States  than  that  of  cigars  and  cigarettes.  The  total  production  reported  for 
the   United   Stales  is  $116,V67,6U0. 


Grain  Statistics. 


381 


(Srtain  .StatCstCcs. 

CRAIN    PRODUCTION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

CviTKD  Statkr  Census  reports  of  the  production  of  the  principal  cereals  in  the  several  censurf 
,  ears'to  1890,  with  the  reports  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  for  1892-li»0«. 


\  KAKS. 


1860... 
1870... 
1880. . 
1890 . . . 
1892... 
1893... 
1894... 
1895 . . . 
189<3 . . 
1897... 
1898 . . , 
1899... 
1900 . . , 
1901 . . , 
1902  . . 
1908 . . 
1904.. 
190">... 
190G... 


Indijin  Coin. 


Wlieat. 


Bushels, 
838.792,742 
7H0.944.549 
1.754.861.535 
1.489.970  OOO 
1.028.464.000 
1.619  496,131 
1,212,770,052 
2,151,139.000 
2,283,875.000 
1.902.'.>67.933 
1.924.185.000 
2.078.143.933 
2. 10...  102. 516 
1.522.519.891 
2.523,' 48.3121 
2.241.176,925 
2,467,480.934 
2. 70 -.993.540! 
2,927,416,0911 


Oats. 


Bushels. 
173,104.924 
287,745,626 
4.59.479.503 
399.262.000 
515,949.000 
396,131.725 
460.267,416 
467.103.000 
427.684,000 
530.149.168 
675,149.000 
547.303.846 
622,229.505 
748.460.218 
670,0t)3.008 
637. 821 , 835 
552.399.517 
692,979.489 
735.260,970 


JUJshels. 
172.64;^.  185 
282.107.157 
407.858.9001 
623.621  00i> 
661.035  000 
638.854.850 
662,086.9281 
824,444.0001 
707.346,000 
698,737.809 
730.905.000 
796,177.713 
80«J.125.989 
736,808.724 
987.842,712: 
784.094,199! 
894  595.5521 
953,216.197! 
964,904,522, 


Barley.        , 

Bushels       I 

15.825,89S| 

29. 761.3051 

44.113.495' 

67,168,3441 

80,W>6.762i 

69.869.495; 

61,400,465 

87,373.0001 

69,6V»5.000| 

66. 6«5  127 i 

55  792.000 

73.381,5631 

58  925  833 

109  932. 924 1 

134.954,023' 

131  861.391! 

3.30  7-18.958 

l:;6  651.020 

178.916.484 


Byp. 


Bushel'^.  I 
21. 101.3801 
16.918.795 
19.8;il.595 
25,807.472 
27.978,824 
26.555.446 
26,727,615 
27.210.000 
24.369,000 
27.363.324 
25.657  000 
23,961.741 
23.995,927 
30.344,830 
3:3.630,592 
29.363,416 
27.241.515 
28.485.952 
33,374,833 


r.uokn'heat. 

Bushels. 
17.571.818 

9.821,721 
11,817.327 
12.432.831 
12,143.185 
12.132.311 
12.668.200 
15.341,000 
14,690,000 
14,997,451 
11.722,000 
11.0t)4,471 

9.566,966 
15.125.939 
14.529,770 
14.243,644 
15.008,336 
14,585,082 
14.641,937 


Inrlications  of  crops  for  1907    in  bushels:     Tudiaiir(Mn,  2.553. 732.000  ;    rvheut,  625,567,000; 
oats,  741,521.000;  barley,  147,192,000;    rye,  31,566,000;  buckwheat,  13,911,000. 


THE     WHEAT    CROP 


COUXTBIKS. 


Bu.^hL'l-^ 


United  States 

Canada  

Arsfentina  ... 

Chile 

Austria 

Iluuffary 

Roumauia 


■JL. 


OF    THE    WORLD,    IN 

I      Busliels.     1 


BUSHELS,    1906/ 


COCNTKIE.S. 


CorXTBTK„S. 


735,26l.00Oi'Spain 154. 0^)0.  !)<)() 

1132, 510, 000!  I  France |324,  T"^- W>0 


144.754.000 

13.000,000 

60.954.000 

8,000,000 

450, 000.  (iOO 

3r.>.586.<00 

12,  OOO,  (XX) 

28.000.000 


.\ustrala.'?ia 

Mexico 

Russia  in  Asia  . 
Turkey  in  Asia. 

Croatia 

Servia  

.lapau 

.Other  countries 


Bushels. 

^7.694  000 
5,0(X).0<X) 
56.(XK),<  00 
33,000.000 
10.343.0(X) 
13,211.000 
18,200.000 
61,469,0v0 


The  world !3, 423, 134, 000 


1  i4,931,000!  iGennany 

15, 800,  OOOi!  Belgium 

58  255  000'  Great  Britain 

197. 40S,000!  I  Portugal 

xvui.ixx«...« ll::{.867,000,!rvussiaiu  Europe.. 

TurkovinEurope.i   •>2.000,000i|British  India 

Bulgaria I  55,076.0001  i  Egypt  

Italy 168.000. OOOll  Algeria 

*  Report  gf  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.  _ 

The  rve  crop  of  principal  countries  in  1906  ^^;as  in  bushels:  United  States.  .T^.'^'.^^  \J"- 
mnnv  378  948  000;  Austria- Hungary,  154.012,000;  Russia  in  Europe,  6o8, 400, 000.  1- ranee, 
51  095  0(X)-  S;vcdfu,  26.247,000:   the  world,  1.439. 980, CXX).        ^^  o  =.i"  qq.  {um\ 

■  The  barley  crop  of  the  world  i  u  1906  ic  bushels  was  1, 282, 019. 000 ;  oats  crop,  3, 54 , ,  234, 000 . 

PRiCES    OF    WHEAT    (CHICAGO    MARKET),    1862-1907.* 


Ykabs, 

1862" 

1863  . . 

1864  . . 

1865  . . 

1866  . . 

1867  . . 

1868  ., 

1869  . 

1870  . 

1871  . 

1872  . 

1873  . 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1H80. 
1881  . 
1S82  . 
1883  . 
1884. 


Months  of    lYearly  Baiigei      ^Months  of 
1  Lowest  Price.  I     of  Prices.      IHigUest  Price. 


.;.Tanuary  ... 

.  .\ugust 

.March 

.'December.. 
.February  .. 

.;  August 

.  Xovember . 
.December.. 

.  April 

.'August 

.November . 
.  September. .  .1 

.  October j 

-iFebruary  — i 

..Tuly I 

.  I  August 1 

.lOctober • 

.January 

•lAugust 

.  .Tanuaiy 

.  December , 

.October \ 

..  December..   . 


64 
80 
07 

85 


55 


(a     921^  August. 
@1. 121^  December. 
(?r2. 26    I.Tuue. 

.Tauuary. 

November. 

May. 

.Tuly. 

'.\UIUSt. 

[Sept, 


"Months  of  Yearlv  Range! 
\  EARS.  I    Lowest  I  Prices 

I     Price 


Si.  55 

^2.03 

(a  2. 85 
1. 04'^'a  2.  20 

761^(^-71.46     ,_     . 
73V4Wl.3H^  Jul>.         .     . 
9»H^i  1 . 32     B'eb. ,  Ap lil , an"ti 
01    r51.61    JAugu.st. 

89  r.?l.  46     .Tulv. 
81!^' -?  1.28    'April. 
83^'rt  1.30^6  .August. 
83  'iol.-2(y%  December. 
0m'?l,76i^Mny. 
77    <d  1. 14     April. 
815i^'}  1. 3-3]^  December. 
86I75 '7  1.32     .Tanuar?". 
9r>%ri  1.  43V{  October. 
Oivg'i  1.  40     April  and  May. 

90  <r;  1.  iji^  June. 
69.4'^     ^0     February. 


1885  . 

1886  . 
11887- 

1888 
11889. 
11890  . 
!l891  . 

1892  . 

18V»3  . 

1894. 

1895  . 

1896  . 
1897. 
1898  . 
1809 

1  1900 
1901. 
1902 
1903 
1904 
190.-> 
19(»6 
1907 


.March.. 
.  October 
.!  August .  .1 
. I  April  ..  ..1 

.iJune 1 

.iFebruary  j 

.iJuly 

.October  ..I 

.  .Tuly ' 

.  Septe' ber 
.    January. 

.  .'Jntie 

..lApril 

...lOctober. . . 
..  I  Decern  hpv 
..January.. 

..July 

..  October. 
..  March... 
..  .lanuar.y. 
August   .. 
.     \uz.-sep 
. .  January. 


TSH<<t^    91 
6y^^'>     84iJ4 

m%ia    94M 

71V8(''?2.00 
75i^(a  1. 08?-l 
74V,t(rtl.OSi4 
85    (dl.lO 
6\)^id}     91M 
543^/^     -■ 

50    I'.i 

48^-11(1. 

53^M      -  _ 

6-iW''1.09 
'  62    (a  I.  So 

64     (<^      '.91 

e-M44    79>^ 
67H'($    95 


88 
65>-i 
85^ 
943^ 


70":^^/    93 
81U^1.22 
77"^'?^  1.24 
6".>i|f/T      9-1  sf 
71    (<S  1.05^4 


I    Months  of 
Highest  Price. 

'April. 
jJaiiuary. 
June. 

September,  t 
Feoruarj'. 
August. 
April. 
February. 
April. 
April. 
May. 

■  November. 
[December. 
I  May.  ± 
May. 
iJuue. 
I  December. 
^September. 
{September. 

October. 
iFebrnarj'. 

April. 

(H-tober 


Hutchinson  "corner"  figure;  $1.04^@1.05M  the  fonov,iug  day. 


*  No,  2  cash  wheat,      f  The 
ITh"  Leiter  '   cnjnuir"  figure.  .         ,  ^,     ^,.  „.(  ri...„ /T,i-»*ti/ 

Theabove  table  w«s  compiled  by  Charles  B.  Murray,  editorof  the  Cmcmuati  /^  ice  vurrent. 


382  The  rroduction  of  Glass  in  the   Unitca  States 


rijc  iavot?uction  of  ^nrtciiltural  9^mplemcnts* 

(P'rom   Census   Bulletin  No.    70. > 

m  t^?'uS%rati's^?Sf  Sv^fed   thTe  ^us'ecf  7o'"  uiu"n.°'tr  ^sLT^"*^  "^^  in  agriculture 
seed,   harvesting,   and  preimriiS  thrciop  ?orthe  markPt^TSp  f^.iLr''''''^  or  planting  the 


used.  HS,2J>1.40G;  value  of  products.  $112,007,344 

divisTons  of  ltaTes'^^B?'r/n%oWn"<f  ion- ^^^^^  '"/^^  ^'°''*'^  C^"*'''^'  ^"'^  ^'o^^h  Atlantic 
niarkPrl       Tn   i-fn-   '^^r  1900  and  190o  the  predominance  of  the  North  Central  was  verv 

the  total  r^nit«^  '«nH^-ri'"  '^^"'-  ""f  ^'l  establishments  were  in  this  division.  S0.6  per  cent  of 
nun/ber    of    est^JbHshVen^  '""^^  Yv!"^  ^^  products.     In  1900  the  JroporUona! 

firsf  Stite4  ^av^.T.?H  t -^-h- '^;^^?''  ^I'^.^i^an.  .$8.7io'7lb.  and  indiaL  $sVo  57^'''¥he  Siree 
the  fof«^  v=,i!^r^i'  ^'^1^'f^''?^,^'^^'^  ^'"^^  l'^*^0,  and  in  190.5  contributed  57  5  ber  cent  to 
States  CPorS^  hL^h'"'^"''^^'  ^"'"°.'^  ^'""^  contributing  34.3  per  cent.  Among  thi  Southern 
fhe  Wes^ern^S^aJes.  """  ^  P^oducmg  centre.       California  holds  the  same  Jositlon  amonj 

and^ennelseef^  ""^  "'^  manufacture  have  appeared  since  1900  in  Iowa,  Kansas,  Minnesota 

PRODUCTS.  J) 

in.,^i?i,i!??  ^^^^  T""^^"-  c^^^ses  of  articles  manufactured  in  establishments  of  the  agricultural 
^?alul"of'"$^o1o^^,M""^l•>0  sr^  and  harvesting  are  the  mosf  hnUfant"' w  t1 

with  klVvfa  tV\'  fJiV  f^  $o0  862,43o.^  respectively;  the  miscellaneous  class  ranks  next 
with  ^l.>„).-!4114,  followed  by  seeders  and  planters.  $11,225  122  and  seed  seoaratnrs  «fi  fi-^o  RvJ--' 
Jhis%t;T  ?f.n'^f"^^  implements  that  Illinois  derives  /up^emSFin  theTndu^  ry^  afhofgh 
iiii^ofir.  /^^°^^S.?'J.^  '"  '■'''"^  °f  products  of  implements  of  cultivation  New  York  and 
Illinois  produced  73.G  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  harvesting  implements' manufactured 
r»^o^^  "."*P,"^  °i  scythes  has  decreased  steadily  since  ISSO.  The  demand  for  the  "ho,- 
sS   lOOo!'      '''    '^'   °"*^"'   °^   ^^^^   ^^'^^'^-^   *^^^^"^^   ^^°^"^^   an   advancrof5?447  dozens 


^ijc  JjJro^uction  of  (^Um  in  tfje  mniitti  SiUttn. 

StatJs^%laSed^/s'?n  hnnrv''   '"T'"'*   ^"    ^""'^   •""   ^^^   manufacture   of  glass   in   the   T'nited 
^3  l^lfj/l^d  Ih  li  'g^l^srf2f 'p^^lsir^d^-bloTn^^^^^^^^^  ^--S« 

illd'Srs^Yn^^f^f^t!' jr%"era"nl'^:^.^^^^^^^^^^  electric  lighting  ware,  cut  giass!"S.f  5/bt;?& 

the'j-ear    $79?e07,99S       '  ^^^'^^^^^^^'  ^^^^  of  material  used,  $26,14.x522;  valu4  of  products  in 

DEVELOPMENT    OF    THE    INDUSTRY. 
^     }^hile  there  has  been  a  marked  advance  in   the  glass  industry  since   1«;-,n    th^  ri«,-nirw. 

^f^'lla^.ftn^nn  '"^  '^^-  ^^^'^^  °^  ^^^  ^'^««  produccd.^-ather  than  in  the  furtheJ  Idantl  im^ 
proc^ess      For  Znv''v^^ir."fv,^'   ■'''a    ""^il    recently,    in    improvements    in    the    nmnufacturing 

&  {ablewa^l  aml^honi.i'\n"f".l*''^  '^Vl  ".°''  ^^'''^"^?  ^^^y^""^  t'^e  manufacture  of  window 
n«    th^Jr  f  ,         }  bottles,   and   the  methods   of  making   these* were   nracticallv   the   <?anw. 

cxcept'''pla?e'''^lS's  'u^re^n^od^ucedTv^^'k^M,  '\  ''T  '''''''  ^^°  "^^^'-^^  alf  fh^a^lLles'm'tS" 
r.iovJ>!q  ir,  fK^*'    „    •  *     .      Pioduced   by  skilled   artisans,   pract  callv  no   machinery   beine  em- 

foro"^  the"  cost  of  "hft'sWU^d  Ta^bo^^A^Jrif^  ''i"^  ^'  ^>"^^"n  ^"  ^'^^^  manufacture  was  f  he,  e- 
further  chankv  inlh<^r\Jh]^lAf  ^[^^''^Sh  some  important  improvements,  which  promise 
duced  durin"  tL  cens\1   'vf^^^^^^^  manufacturing  various   glass  articles,    have   been   intro- 

uucea  aurin«  tne  census  year,   they  are  of  too  recent  origin  to  affect  the  statistics. 

CHEAPER   PRODT-^CTION. 
the    directiin^o/^'hi;'^^^    manufacturers    in    the    United    States   have    made   vast   strides    in 
li^^UorS  win?ow  ellsf  for^^^^^  ^"'"    mechanical    manipulation    in    the    pro 

■  i-p  <;mi,»  rvP  fh2  Tof  !  •  r  .'7>ani'facturing  narrow-necked  bottles,  and  for  conveying-  ware 
frrtPd  1,1,-;/^  If. '^^''^^  contributions  to  the  industry.  Some  of  these  machines  weTener- 
fndustry"\vaf  s^fgh?"durinf 'lom  ^^/'trT'^^^'  '"  ^'}^''^  operation,  but  their  influence  on  The 
experiment       .  •  '"^    ^'^^^'    ^^    ^^'''''    operation    in    that    year    was    more    or    less    an 

T      ^.  BUILDING    GLASS. 

first  and  se^onT^res^Jc^i?4l^'Vn'vf,,f  ^he   States   of   Pennsylvania  "and    Indiana   ranked 

Ohio  was  tli^?d  in  va^fiP  of  ,^,;Ji^,.\e  r  ?^  P^^'^^^^cts-  capital,  ^nd  number  of  establishments; 
e<=tablishmpnt<r-  '"^'^'"?.  or  products  and  capital,  and.  with  New  York,  fourth  in  number  of 

sixth  in  valiipof  m^rtnr>?PoJ  ?;   seventh   in   number  of  establishments;    New   York   was 


Parm  Prodactions  in  the   United  States. 


383 


jarincipal  (ttvxiil  (Strops  in  tijc  sanitcTr  states. 

PRODUCTtON  BY  STATES  IN  1906. 

(Compiled  from  theAiimml  Heport  of  the  Departinent  of  Agri( 


Milture.  ) 


bTATES    .'.ND 
TKRnlTOUlK^. 

Maine 
iSewK'mpsliire 

Vermont 

iSIassachusetts.. 
Rhode  Island  .. 
Couneclicut  — 

New  York 

New  Jersey <. 

Peunsylvauia.. 

Delaware 

Maryland  ...... 

Virg'inia 

West  Virginia.. 
Nortli  Carolina 
South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

AViscousiu.. ... 

Miiniesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 
South  Dakota 
Nebraska 


(>Ht.S, 

Hiishels. 

4,038,849 

424  '2.1'^ 

2,86-2,726 

214,472 

46,997 

341.179 

40,233,784 

l,6ri2.819 

31,816,496 

95.9i^l 

808,884 

2,8.^,634 

2,101,200 

a,  169,724 

3,538.292 

3,>:62,291 

3W.240 

48.280.000 

5t!,l.-<6,000 

107,763,500 

4;!,747,ri00 

91.630,000 

72,011,160 

140,777,000 

14,6«5,503 

40,48.5,608 

46,410.000 

^000 


Corn, 

Bush  Is. 


456,950 

983,775 

2,005,430 

1,778,520 

331,364 

2,223,800 

22,685,000 

10,082,289 

57,960,239 

5,894,160 

22,(t07,825 

45.188,523 

22  725,000 

41,796,846 

23.611,233 

52,(166,596 

6,875  1)00 

141,645,000 

183,8H3,767 

347,109,585 

54,575,000 

''  60,105,732 

50,149,2 

373,275,000 

228  522,500 

4,170,000 

62,812,5<iO 

249.782,5001 


Wheat, 
Bush  Is 


States  and 
Tkuritoiiiis. 


199,342  Kansas 

;Kentucky 

30,952  Tei-iiiessee 

j.Alabama 

jMississippi — 

'Ijouisiana 

9,350.180  Texas 

2.033,002  Indian  Ter. ... 
29,073,188  Oklahoma. . . . 

1 ,947,920|  A  rkansas 

12,902,416,  Montana 

y.306,825:  Wyoming 

4,879,861  C-olorado 

5,297,028  New  Mexico  . 

2,960,041  Arizona 

3,161,070  Utah 

liNevada 

43,202,100  Idaho 

48, 080,925.  Washington. . 

38  535,900 1  Oregon 

13,6-14.960  ( 'alifornia 

4,690,816;, 

55.801,591'i  Total  bushels 
•  9,212,218  Total  acres  .... 

31,734,900 'Value 

77,896,000  Yield  per  acre. 
41,955,400  Farm  price — 
52,288,6921 


Oaus, 
Bushels 

24,780.000 
4,430,354 
3,151.320 
3,167,879 
1,626,732 
486,227 

31,822.512 
7,446,571 

12,040,000 

3,783,706 

8,501,846 

1,979.068 

5,962,394 

424,507 

31,442 

2,053.900 

252,898 

4,390,065 

7,463,534 

9,621,508 

5,156,298 


Corn, 
Bushels. 


Whe'al, 

Bushels 


195,075,000 

105,437,376 

86,42S,912 

47,849,392 

40,789.2i)7i 

26.217,6331 

155,804  782] 

68,493,264 

65,7.37,326 

52,802,569 

93,132 

6><,256 

3,157,136 

1,182,203 

220,129 

356,032 


148,037 

288,389 

499,091 

1,994,814 


964,904,522 

30,958,76>* 

$306,292,978 

31.2 

31.7 


2,927,416,091 
96,737,581 


81,83U,t:iU- 

11,542  5148 

10.892,725 

1,085,029 

17,610 

14,12>5  186 

2,890,188 

18,663.862 

1,915,250 

3.297,336 

871  102 

8,266,538 

1,120,650 

391  658 

4,888,626 

869.526 

8,231 .631 

25,075,258 

14.215,597 

26,883,662 


735,260,970 
47,305,829 


$1,166,626  479  $490,332,760 
30. 3|  15.5 

39  9  66.  7 


JFarm  }|rotiuctcou^  iw  t\)z  gluitety  ^tatcij. 


Crop. 


Aniiiials. 
Applt-s. . 
Ap-icots 


Yenr. 


I     Uuii 

of 
Measu'-" 


Quantity. 


Value. 


Castor..  Census 


I'.^O"  I  Number 
Census.  Bush... 
Census.    Bush.  . . 


Census. 

Ceusus. 

Census, 
■  19i/5 
.1906 

,  Census. 


Be.in 
Beans,  Dry. . 

Bees 

Broi'iii  CV;rn. 
Butter.'/. .  ..i     - 
Ce:eals  (b)  (1).. 
Cheese. 
Chicory 

Ci<ier , 

Cr.ttOH  ...    I'.'oe 

Cotton  Seed 1905 

Flaxseed 1906 

Flowers,  Plnnts. ;  Census. 

Forest  products.: Census. 

Fruit',  snvill. . .'Census. 

"     sub-trop".  CensHS. 

Grapes iCen-us. 

Hay     I     1&06 

Hemp ICensns. 

Honey  (o) Census. 

Hops Census 

Milk  ()> Cen3u.s. 


'Bush... 
'Bush.. 

IS'.va.ms 

iPoillids. 
I  Pounds. 
iBush... 
iPounils. 
Pounds. 


iCensus.  'Barrels, 
P'lUids. 
Tons . . . 
Bush... 


Cental.. 
Tons... 
Poii!)ds. 
I'ounds. 
Pounds, 
(lailous 


5!i.i4.1oI,99l';$4,4-;,697,853, 


Crop. 


Year. 


n5.39;,«00 
2,64-2,128 

i4a.a^8 

5,064,4911 

4,109. «-2o 

.      90,947,370 

5?.1,478.141 

4,854,514.8.3: 


alT, 1-14,872 

21,495,s70 

1,754,927 

6,35-1.107.861 

5,0';O,2O5 


(3) 
U) 
134,084 

7, 63:;,  636 

10.18  .,513 

o;588,414 

113,l»9,4o2' 

llJ,06", 886,900- 


\^ 


6i'l.760 

'   <3,627, 

Ca>  I 

640,311,533' 

(r)  75,5;4,041 

25,576,146  (h) 25,899.165, 

l^,7o8.8i')lJ 

101,864,774: 

25,0:9,757: 

8,227.838: 

(d)  14.090,234] 

57.145,95''(h)592,539,67l! 

11,750,H.30  546.3;i8 

6,^56,6111 

4,0bl,929| 


13.0-.9,841 


t;2,8a2,885 

49,20 ',704 

7,2.i.o.8ri4,;i04 


M.dasses Censu-s. 

Nurfier-.  pro.i'ts.  Ce;isus. 

Nuts    (f; [Census. 

Oni<  -ns . . .-. Cen  sas . 

Orch:ird  prod'U,: Ceusus. 
Pe:iches  &  Nect.  Censu.s. 

Peanuts Census. 

I'ears Census. 

Peas,  liry C«n-us. 

PhiMis  &  Prun.s  Census. 
Potatoes,  Iri.-h..       1:  06 
Potato  s,    Swtet'Censuj. 
Xice[de.nedJ..I     1906 
Seds,  Clover. . .  Ce:isu.s. 

Seeds,  Flax Ce:isu3. 

Si-eds,  tira^s Censu.s. 

Suga;,    Beet 19  6 

Su;;ar,   Cane....       1906 
Sugar,  JIaple...  Census. 
Syrup,  Cane....  Ceiisus. 
Syrup,  Mai-le...  Ceusi.s. 
Syrup,  Sorglium' Census. 

Tobacco I     1906 

Vefice{ables,Mis   ICensiis. 
Wool t    1906 


Unit 

of         I 

Measure 


Quantity. 


Galluus 


tSnsh . . . 

Bush... 

Bush... 

Bush... 

Bush... 

Bu-h... 

Bush  . 

Bush... 

Bush... 

P.unds. 

BiLsh... 

Bush... 

Hush . . . 

Pounds, 

Pi  uiids. 

p.  u;ids. 

Gallons 

(;  lions 

Gallons 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 


6,312,609 


11,790.9:4 

212,3f^5,600 

15,432,603 

n,9h4,10& 

6.625,417 

9,44:  ,210 

8,:64.o:."i 


Value. 


t^^6,990 
10,123,873 
1,949,931 
'  6,637,4l:i 
(g)  83,750,961 

(a> 
7,270,515 

(H) 

7,900,966 
(a) 


308,038, 3^2  ;h  )  157,547,392 

42,517,412  19,s69.'40 

4&.S9' 5,800  ( ji  12,9.-..'i,74« 


1,349,209 

19,979,-192 

3,f.l5,869 

9'7,223,040 

5:4,320^000 

11,92S,:70 

12,293,0:^.2 

2,056,611 

16,972,783 

682,428,530 

298,915.130 


5,3.59,578 

19,624,901 

2,8>8.839 

(1<)  23,^96,781 

(k)  V8,^04,608 

1.074,260 

4,-.93,475 

1,5>;2.451 

5.288,083 

(h)  68,2:^2,647 

113,f44,3;8 

129,410,942 


(a)  Inolul^d  \n  on  h   rd  pro  a.c's.      (  b)  Xot  includia-  v.ce.     (c,  Bas-d  on    av.r  >-e   p  ice  p.iJ   bv  <:j";^«;f:   /^\'°^'"*^\"S 

v.lue  of  raisins,  wine,  et-.*^  (e)  Includ.og  w.x.  <f)  Xot  inclu.U.g  pe.-inu,s.  (^)  >"<=l"dm-'  ^^■^^^  -f^'^  M  Va  'uf of 
<h )  DecemI.er  1,  1806.  ( i  -.  $472.-276,783,  w.is  the  a^rare^ate  v:.lue  of  iidlk,  bi:t;er  -ir.d  cneese  bj  t  e  \e.'^»s  or  l»v  t  ]  )  >  ?'»'■  "^ 
product  i!!  1905.  (kj  Val,.;-  of  proliuct  in  1305,,  b^s'ed  ou  the  export  v..lue  ocjrefined.  (1)  Estimated  1907  corn  cop  A5a...32,000 
bushels.  --.;.-  ....     ^  ._    ^c 


PO!\^E5TaO    ANtWALS    JN    THE    UNSTEP    STATES.     CENSUS    OF    1900. 


Domestic  Animals. 


Total 


Number 


All  domestic  animals 

Neat  cattle,  cows, bulls,  he. 

Korses  and  colts 

Mules..., 

Asses  and  bn rros 

Sheep  and  lambs. 

iswine • 

CiOiitS..... 


69,a35,832 

21,203,901 

3.4.S8,523 

110,01-: 

61.735,014 

64 ,686,155 

1,948,953 


Value 

$3093^56,459 

$1,516,307,270 

1,050,526,967 

207.274.5.57 

6.776. 5>53 

170,RS1,743 


0.\  Faums  and   Ra.ngks. 


Xumlier. 


67.719,410 

18,267,020 

3,264,615 

94,165 

61.503,713 


Value. 


238,686,872    62,868,041 
3,402,46711   1,870,539 


$2,979jl97^586| 

$l,475,-?0'l,6:^i 

896.513,217; 

196,222,053 

5,811.1841 

17(1,203,119; 

.      231,978,031 

3,265,349ij 


Nor  o.v   Farms  ok 
Ran  GDIS. 


Numlier. 


1,«16,422 

2,936.881 

173,908 

15.847 

231,3111 

1,818.114 

78,353 


E^t,  Value. 
!?214.658.873 


$41,102,637 

1.54,013.750 

11.052.504 

*»65,.399 

678,624 

6,708,M41 

1U7,118 


S84 


The   Cotton  Hnjjply. 

rijc  Cotton  «^uppi|>. 


CROP    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES 

TgE  following  statemeuts  are  furnished  by  the  ^' 


FOR    S 

e\v  York 


Ybar. 


18*29 

1830 

18:31 

1832 

3833 

1834 

1835 

1836„... 

1837 

1838-... 
183iL... 

38;i£) 

18il.... 

1842 

1843 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1847 


Bales. 

8707415 
i»76.845 
1,(K]8.848 
987,487 
1,070,438 
1,205. 324 
1.254.328 
1.360.752 
1.422.930 
1,801.497 
1.360.5:12 
2,177,835 
1,(W-1.945 
1.683.574 
2.378,875 
2.030.409 
2,394,503 
2,100,537 
1,778.651 


2,347,6:34 

2,728,506 

2.0t»6,706 

2.355.257 

3,015.029 

3,262,882 

2, 9:  JO,  027 

2,847,;339 

3,527.845 

2,939,519 

3.113,962 

3.851.481 

4,669,770  ; 

3.656.006 

No  )-Pcuid 

2,193,987  I 

2,019.774  i 

2,593.993  I 

2.4:;9.o:?9  i 

492'^ou nds' """^ ''^'■e  foi"  l''e  yeai-s  ending  Septembe7 


Ykar. 


1S48.. 

ilS49 

I 1S50 

1K51 

1 1S52 

ia5:{ 

1854 

lHr>5 

1856 

1.S57 

1858 

1S59 

1860 

1861 

1862-1865 

1866 

1867 

1868 

1869 


1 


Bale.s. 


I 


Y  EA  K, 


EVENTY-EICHT    YEARS. 

'C'ommerctalapd  Financial  Chronicle;" 


1870 

1871 

1872 

187:3 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 

I  1883 

18S4 

1885 

1886 

1887 

18,S8 


Bales. 

3,154.'9-16 
4,;?52.317 
2.974,351  I 
3,9:^0,508  I 
4,170,388  ; 
3,8:J2,991   : 
4,669,288  ! 
4.485,423  1 
4,811.265 
6.073.5:n  I 
5,757.:397  ! 
6,589,;329  1 
6,4:35,845 
6,992,2:34  I 
5,714,0."y2  i 
5,669,021  i 
6.550,215  j 
6.513,624  I 
7,017,707  ' 


Yeab. 

]8S9~Zi 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 ! 

1894 t 

1895 ' 

l.Si)6 ! 

1897 1 

1898 

1899 

1900 

19  '1.... 

1902... 

1903.... 

1904.... 

1905.... 

1906... 

1907... 


Bales. 


6.9:35.082 

7.313.726 

8,(555.518 

9,0:38.707 

6.717,142 

7,5-7,211 

9,892,766 

7,162,473 

8,714.011 

11.180,960 

11. 235.38:3 

9.4;39,.V>9 

10,425.141 

10,701,4.')3 

10,758,326 

10.123,686 

13,556,841 

11,319.860 

13.550,766 


1.     The  average  net  weight,  per  bale,  for  1907  is 


^PORTS    AND    DOMESTIC    CONSUMPTION    OF    AMERICAN    COTTON. 


1906-07. 


Export  to  Europe... 
C'ou.suniption,       U 

Canada,  etc ,', 

Total , 


S. 


B;iles. 
8,144,301 

5,578,677 


1905-1906.! 1904-1905.  '1903-1904, 'l902-1903. 

13al(>s.    I    P.alps.    jliales.    (    Bales 
6,448,430;    8,333,556     5,941,602     6,482,849 

5,120,273     4,96.3,348     4,257.369;    4,471,305 


1901-1902. 

"l3ale.s. 
6,440,787 

4.5.39,018 


1900-1901.  ;1899- 1900 


l!:i  les. 
6415,477 


Rah's. 
6,606,996 


4,071,030    4,468,217 


lM2MI8ill.5^Z0^J3,?^,904_10^198^^ 


'    •  •*•  ••••••••■■! 


CpXStJMPTIOX,   BaT-ES 

600  I.B.S, 

1889-90 , 

1890-9L  

1801-92 :   "" 

1892-93 

1893-94  

1894-95  

1895-96  

1896-97  

1897-98  

1898-99  . 

1899  1900.. 

1900  1901. 
1901-1902.. 
1902-1903.. 
1903-1904.. 
1904-190.5... 
1905-1906.. 
1906-1907  . 


COTTON    CONSUMPTION    OF    THE    WORLD. 


Great 
Britain. 


3.327,000 
3,384.000 
3,181,000 
3,866.000 
^.2:33.000 
a,  2,50. 000 
3,276,000 
3,224,000 
3.4:32.000 
3.519,000 
3.334,000 
3,269.000 
;i.  2.5:3. 000 
3,185.000 
3.017,000 
3.620,000 
3,774,000 
8,892,000 


Continent. 


8,4:52,000 
3,631.000 
3.640.0«X> 
3.692.000 
3.848.000 
4, 0:30. 000 
4,  IriO.OOO 
4, 368, 000 
4,628,000 
4,784,000 
4,576,000 
4.576,000 
4.8:36.000 
5,148,000 
5,148,00(J 
5,148.000 
5,2.52.000 
5,460.000 


United 
State.s, 


2.185.000 
2.:367.000 
2.576.00<J 
2.551.000 
2,264.000 
2,743.000 
2, 572. 000 
2. 738, 000 
2. 962. 000 
3, 55:],  000 
3.856.000 
3.727.000 
4,037.000 
4.015,000 
3,909,0.'  0 
4.310.000 
4.7:6.0<X) 
4,950,(XK) 


India. 

"791T000 

924. 000 

914.000 

9 1  s.  000 

959, 000 

1.074.000 

1.105.000 

1,004,00,1 

1  141,000 

1,314.000 

].i:J9.000 

1,060,000 

1,384.000 

1,364,000 

1,36.S,000 

1.474,000 

1,5  30.000 

1,600.000 


All  Others. 


SOURCES    OF    COTTON    SUPPLY,    1906-1907. 


160.000 

19  .,000 
275.  (K)0 
395,000 
297,»X)0 
446,0<:>0 
492,000 
546,000 
725,000 
845.000 
868,0  0 
784.000 
905, 000 
766. 000 
869, 000 
990, 0.  ,0 
047,01)0 
1.096,000 


Total 
"World. 

~9,'795,000 
10.  .511,000 
IO.5.S6.OOO 
10.4  '2.000 
10.601.000 
11.543.000 
1 1.605.000 
11,880.000 
12.888.000 
14.01,">,000 
1:J.773,000 
13,416.000 
14,415.000 
14,478.<i00 
14.3  1,000 
15,542,0i»0 
16,:{29,000 
16,998,0(X) 


1907X1908!''"''°°  ''^'''''''  the  actual  requirements  in  1906- 1907 'and  the  estimate  of  Ellison  &  Co.  for 


America 

East  Indies 

Other  countries  „ 

Total 

Average  weight. 
Bales  of  600  lbs 


1907-1908. 

Total  Ksti- 
mated_Bale.s. 

12,5007000 
1.:300.000 
1,400,000 

15,200.000 

489.8 

14,890.000 


1906-1907 
Total 


Actual 
Bale.s. 

12.4.32,000 
1,299.000 
1,292^000 

15,023,000 

489.  3 

14,702,000 


1905-1906. 


Total     Actual 
Bales. 


11.967.000 
1,288,000 
1.274.000 


14, 529,  (.00 

484.3 

14,072,000 


1904-1905. 

Total    Actual 
Bales. 


1903-1904 

Total 


Actual 
Rales. 


^INDLES    IN    OPERATION. 


11,768.0001 

872.000 

1.020,000, 

13,660.0001 

495.2: 

13,528,000; 


10, 273, 000 

1 ,  ;}oo.  000 

1.063,000 

12,636.000 

48,51 

12,259,000 


1907. 


Great  Britain..!  52.0(X)  000 

Continent |  35.800.000 

United  .States..'  25.924  000 

Eastlndies 5.400.000 

Total 119, 124;  000 


1906. 

"soToooTbfK) 

35.500.(X>0 

24.7S1.CKK) 

5.200.000 

115, 481,  (XK) 


1905. 

48. 5O070O() 

35.0(X).000 

24.073.0(X) 

6, 250. 000 

112, 823'.  000 


1904. 


47,500,000 

34,(5(X).000 

23.214.000 

5,200,()00 


1903. 


47.100.000 

34.300.000 

22,240.000 

5.100.000 


1902. 


47,UOO,(J«JO 

33,900.000 

21,559.000 

5. 200. 000 


110,514,000  108,740,000  )  107.659,000 


:i^ 


/■Statistics  of   Wool  hi  the    United  States. 


J]85 


THE  COTTON  CROP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  BY  STATES. 


States. 


1899-1900. 


North  Carolina, 
fcouth  Carolina. 

(-eorgiu 

Florida 

Alabama 

^Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texiis 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

All  others 

Total  crop.. 


1901-02. 


Bales. 
40U,  000 
W74,0OO 

1,j:^6,000 
57,  <XX) 

l,l;j6,(KK) 

1,U49.000 
<5ol,000i 

2,575,0001 
<i65, 000 
24iJ.  000 
267,000 


Bales. 
420. 000 
948,000 

1,498,00<J 
50,  <XM) 

1,2.S7,000 

1,400,000 
851,000 

2,082,000 
771,000 
229, 000 
498,000 


1902-03. 

Bales. 
504.000 
955, 000 

1.498.000 
OO.OOO 

1 , 0«)5, 0(XI 

1,418,000 
804,0<JO 

2, 575, 000 
938.000 
803,000 
578. 000 


1903-04. 


liales. 
4yO,0(JO 
845,  (MX» 

1,405,000 
55,«J<JO 

1,0 10,  (MX) 

1.385,000 
832.000 

2,440.000 
855,  (KR) 
255,  (XKJ 
516,000 


9. 440, 000110.701.000  10,758,000!  10,124,000  13,557.000  11.320. 000  13.561.000 


1904-05. 

Bales^  ~~ 

728,000 

1,  100,(J<JO 

1,955.000 

90,  OOO 

1.470,000 

1,730,000 

1.110,000 

3, 235, 000 

915.000 

320. 000 

8!>4.000 


1905-06.    (    1906-07 


Bales.       I 

711,000 

1.140,000 

1,900,0<X» 

82,00<J 

1,374,(.KX) 

1.275.000 

595.  (X>0 

2,525,(K)0 

640,000 

300,000 

778,000 


lilies. 
644,  O^K) 
941.«XtO 

1,728,<MX» 
66,  (XM^ 

1,332,(MK) 

1,548,0«M) 
980,  (MM) 

4, 073. 000 
915. 000 
317, 0(X) 

1,007,0(X) 


HIGHEST    AND    LOWEST    PRICES 

IN  NEW  YORK  FOR   MIDDLING    UPLANDS    COrTON    FIUJM    JANUARY 

BER  31  OF  THK  YEAR.S  NAMED. 


1    TO    DECEM- 


Ykae.     I  Highest,  i   Lowes' 


1826.  . 
1835... 
1840... 
18.50... 
18t50... 
1861... 
1862. . . 
1863... 
1864  .. 
1865... 
1866... 
1867 . . . 
1868... 


14 
25 
10 
14 

11^ 

I  3b 

.    69^ 
.    9.^ 
.11*0 
.1120 

52 

36 

33 


9 
15 

8 
11 

10 

11>6 

20 

51 

T2 

35 

32 

loVz 
16 


Year.    |  Jlitriie^t. 


18by... 
1870  .. 
1871... 
1872... 
1873. . . 
1874. . . 
1875... 
1876... 
1877 . . . 
1878. . . 
1879... 
1880... 
1881 . . 


35 

25-M 
211^ 
27% 
213^ 
1»^ 
17V^ 

i:;% 

13    5 
12    3- 

vm 

13 


Lowest. 


25 
15 
UH 

\\H 

13    1 
10% 
10  1> 

8  13 

10  15 
10    7 


Year,    i   llij^liest.  i   L^iwest. 


-161 

16 
16 

16 

16! 


1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1885 

1886. 

1887. 

1888 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 


13    1-16 

ii;^ 

11  15-16 

11^2 

9  9-16 
11  7  16 
11% 

11^3 

12M 
9;^ 

10 
9  15-16 
8    5-16 


Yfar. 


-16 
7M 
6  11-16 

5    9- 


1895.. 

1896.. 

1897 . . 
16' 11898.. 
16  1899.. 
16.  1900.. 

1901.. 

1902.. 

1903 . . 

1904 . . 

1905.  . 

1906*. 
16  ,1907*. 


Hii^hnst. 


9% 

8% 

8¥ 

6  9-16 

7  13-16 
11 

12 
9% 
14.10 
17.25 
12.6(1 
12.25 
13.55 


I^we.st. 

7  1-16 
5  13-16 
5    5-16 

7    9-16 

7  13-16 

8  3-16 
8.85 
6.85 
7.00 
9.60 

10.70 


*  To  November  6. 


EXPORTS    OF    COTTON    FROM    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(From    Census    Bulletin    No.    00.) 

The  exports  of  domestic  cotton  from  the  United  States  during  the  year  ending  August 
?1,  1907,  amounted  to  9,0o6,434  bales  of  500  pounds  each.  Of  this  amount  3,966,119,  or  44 
per  cent.,  went  to  the  United  Kingdom;  2,315,651,  or  26  per  cent.,  to  Germany,  and  1,006,633, 
or  11  per  cent.,  to  France.  During  the  twenty-six  years  from  1880  to  1906  the  exports  to 
the  United  Kingdom  increased  45  per  cent.;  those  to  Germany  nearly  4tX)  per  cent.,  and 
those  to  France  82  per  cent.  The  exports  to  Italy  increased  from  75,145  bales  in  ISSO  to 
507,916  bales  in  1906,  or  nearly  sevenfold.  Exports  to  Japan  are  noteworthy  because  of  the 
remarkable  variations  in  the  quantities  for  the  different  years,  as  well  as  for  the  growth 
in  these  exports  since  1890,  which  is  the  first  year  for  which  they  are  presented  in  the 
report.  In  1906  they  amounted  to  262,283  bales,  while  for  1904  they  were  336,575  bales. 
Ihe  exports  to  Russia  decreased,  a  fact  which  may  be  partially  explained  by  the  increased 
produocion  of  cotton  in  Russian  territory,  by  the  importation  of  Persian  cotton,  and  by  the 
recent  unsettled  conditions  in  that  country. 

Exports  of  sea-island  cotton  formed  about  one-third  of  the  57,550  bales  reported  by  the 
ginners  as  produced  in  1900.  In  1905  about  36  per  cent,  of  the  sea-island  crop  was  exported. 
The  United  Kingdom  takes  about  three-fourths  of  the  amount  exported,  while  most  of  the 
remainder  goes  to  France. 

EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  MANUFACTURES. 

The  total  value  of  exports  of  cotton  goods  of  domestic  manufacture  was  $32..S05,412,  of 
which  $11,496,734,  or  36  per  cent.,  was  for  unbleached  cloths;  .$2,240,431,  or  7  per  cent.,  for 
bleached  cloths,  and  .$7,502,082,  or  23  per  cent.,  for  dyed,  colored,  or  printed  cloths.  Of 
the  total  value  of  cotton  manufactures  exported  $4,425,055,  or  14  per  cent.,  went  to  Europe; 
$14,821,264,  or  46  per  cent.,  to  North  and  South  America;  $12,325,874,  or  38  per  cent.,  to 
Asia,  and  the  remainder  to  Africa.  The  export  of  American  yarns  to  the  Far  East  is 
msignificant,  as  that  market  is  controlled  by  British  India  and  Japan. 

IMPORTS    OP    COTTON    MANUFACTURES. 

Imports  of  cotton  manufactures  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1907,  were  valued  at 
$73,704,636,  more  than  one-half  of  which  consisted  of  laces  and  embroideries.  Switzerland 
leads  in  the  export  of  laces  to  this  country  with  $13,979,808,  or  about  one-third  of  the 
total.  France  was  second  with  $12,484,906.  Of  the  bleached,  dyed,  or  printed  cloths  im- 
ported 79  per  cent,  came  from  the  United  Kingdom,  which  country  also  supplied  more  than 
three-fourths  of  the  thread,  yarn,  and  warps  imported.  Practically  all  of  the  imports  of 
hosiery  and  knit  goods,   amounting  in  value  to  $8,671,848,  came  from  Germany. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  SUPPLIES  TWO-THIRDS  OF  THE  COTTON. 

The  number  of  cotton  spindles  in  the  world,  as  shown  by  the  report,  is  123,332,971.  As 
nearly  as  it  can  be  determined,  the  amount  of  cotton  consumed  was  19.493,441  bales,  a 
weekly  consumption  of  374.874  bales.  This  is  not,  however,  the  total  consumption  for  the 
world,  as  in  a  number  of  Eastern  countries  and  in  South  and  Central  America  large  quan- 
tities of  cotton  are  grown  and  consumed  which  do  not  enter  into  commercial  channels,  and 
therefore  cannot  be  estimated  with  any  certainty.  The  figures  indicate,  however,  that  the 
United  States  furnished  two-thirds  of  the  supply  of  the  world. 


886 


Statistics   of    Wool  hi   the    United  States, 


^Utiutizn  of  gUool  iw  tijc  Slnittti  c^tatts. 


Fiscal 
Yeab. 


1893-94. . . 
1894-95... 
1895-96... 
lSy6-97. . . 
189:- 98. . . 
J898-99. . . 
1899-1900. 
1900-01... 
1901-02... 
1902-03. . . 
1903-04... 
1904-05... 
1905-06... 
1906-07. . . 


Total 
Imports. 


Pounds. 

55,152,585 
206,081,890 
230,911,473 
35;i.So2,026 
132,795,302 

76,, "36 ,209 
155,918,455 
103,5b3,505 
166,576.966 
177,137,796 
173,742,834 
249,135,746 
201,688,^K8 
203,847,545 


E.v  ports, 

Doin''stic 

.'lud 
l'"onixn. 


l*ounils. 
6,497,654 
6,622,190 

12,972,217 
8,700,598 
2.625,971 

14,095,335 
7,912,557 
3,790,067 
3,227,y41 
3,511,914 
3,182,803 
2,561,648 
5,642,859 
3,446.748 


Net  Imports. 


Cl.fflsea 
1.  and  11. 

Puunds. 

7,167,380 

98,388,318 

126,966,355 

235,282.735 

47,480,033 

3.349,870 

44,680,4241 

32,865,844 

69,315,286 

54,747,533 

55,999,545 

134,407.321 

98,336,137 

91,726,655 


Class 
HI. 


I'oiinds. 

42,007,798 
105,402,507 

97,918,882 
112,141,457 

82,810,43; 

60,947,423 
105,.525,783 

67,127,159 

93,842,1991 
119,397,268 
114,880,2:i6 
112,292,726 

97,902,153 
108,888.982 


Vrnduction 

Preceding 

ye.tr. 

P"unds. 
348,538,138 
325,210,712 
294,296,726 
272,474,708 
259.153,251 
266,720,674 
272,191,330 
288,636,621 
302,502,382 
316,341,032 
287,450,000 
291.783,032 
295,488,438 
298,715,130 


Ket.iiDed 
for  Coii- 

.sumptlon. 


round-;. 
397,193,069 
524,722,428 
512,235  982 
614,627,365 
389,322,582 
329,361  558 
420,197,228 
388,430,059 
465,851.407 
489,966.914 
458,010,031 
538,357,130 
491,534,247 
499,115,927 


FiN5  Wool. 


Retained 
t'<r  Con- 
sumption. 


Per 

Cent,  of 

Foreign. 


I'ounls. 
355,185,271 
419.319,921 
414,317  100 
502,485  908 
306,512.145 
268,387,135 
314,671,445 
321,502,465 
371.694,390 
.370,569,646 
345,129,795 
426,066,402 
393,632,094 
390,226,945 


2.02 
23.46 
SO.  64 
46.84 
15.50 

1.25 
14  20 
10.10 
18.65 
14.63 
16.22 
31.54 
24.99 
23.50 


Tlie  wool  si.ntistics  on  this  png-e  were  prepared  by  W.  J.  Battisou,  of  Bostou,  for  the  Kational 
Associatiou  of  Wool  Mauufacturers. 

THE    WORLD'S    PRODUCTION    OF    WOOL. 


f'OI'XTP.IKS. 


Nortli  America; 

Tnited  Stalest 

British  Provinces.. 
Mexico 


Total. 


Central  America 
and  West  Indies . 


South  America: 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Chile 

Urugtiay 

Venezuela 

All    other    8onth 

America 


Pounds. 


291.783,032 
12.000.000 
10,000,000 


COITXTRIJCS. 


and 


313,783.032 


Total 


370,000.000 

1.500.000 

7.5O0.OO0 

9(;.0t)0.000 

15,000,000 

20,000,000 


510,000,000 


Knrope: 
Great  Britain 

Irelaudt 

France 

Spain 

Portugal 

Germanv 

Italyt..." 

-Austria-Hungary. . 
Russia, inc.  Poland. 
Sweden  tfc  Norway. 
Turkey  and  Balkan 

Peninsula 

All  other  Europe. . 


PoiUKlS.       ll COtTXTBIKS. 


133,124, 

91,000, 
102.600. 

13.410. 

49.5'JO. 

21.451. 

64.300, 

361.100. 

8,200, 

67,500. 

14,000, 


762 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 

000 

000 

000 


A9<\a,—Cojitiiiu€d: 
I  Asia  tic  Turkey.... 

:('iiina 

AH  other  Asia.... 


Total. 


!    Africa: 

! Algeria  and" Tunis. . 
Ca()e  Colony,  Natal, 
'    Orange  Fx'ee  State 

Kgypt 

All  other  Africa 


Total 926.275, 

A. si  a: 

Ru.ssia 

Central  Asia 

British  India 


762 


Total. 


60,0<j0. 
46.000. 
85,000. 


0001 

000,1 

oooll 


|i. Australasia. 
I  Uceauica  . . . 


Grand  total. 


Pounds, 


33  000,000 
35,000,000 
15,000,000 


274,000,000 


30,425,000 

100,000.000 
3.000.(K)0 
1,000,000 


134.425.000 


480,000,000 
50,000 


2,643,533,794 


*  Thee  are  th-  latest  complete  returns,  aijd  are  for  1904-05. 
are  295,4ss,4J8  pounds,    j-  Fleece  washed. 


Those  of  the  United  States  for  1905,  washed  and  unwashed, 


WOOL    MANUFACTURES. 

(From  Census  Bulletin  No.  74.) 

The  period  intervening  between  the  censuses  of  1900  and  IDO.!  was  an  unusually  pros- 
perous season  for  the  industries  which  use  wool  as  chief  raw  material,  namely:  Woollen 
goods,  worsted  goods,  carpets  and  rugs,  other  than  rag;  felt  goods,  and  wool  hats.  The 
1,213  establishments  engaged  in  wool  manufacture  in  1905  were  distributed  thus:  Woollen 
goods,  792;  worsted  goods,  226;  carpets  and  rugs,  V.Vd;  felt  goods,  39.  and  wool  hats.  1<. 
The  total  capital  invested  was  $370,SG1,G91.  There  was  an  increase  in  every  industry  except 
wool  hat  manufacture,  where  there  was  a  decrease  of  19.7  per  cent.  The  average  number 
of  wage-earners  in  the  several  industries  was  179,976.  Materials  used  in  the  wool  manu- 
facture  cost  $242,561,090. 

The  total  value  of  products,  $380,934,003,  is  made  up  of  the  output  of  woollen  mills, 
$142,196,658;  of  worsted  goods  factories,  '$165,745,052;  of  carpet  and  rug  factories,  $61,586,433; 
of  felt  goods  factories.  $8,948,594,  and  of  wool  hat  factories,  $2,457,266. 

Massachusetts  held  first  rank  in  the  total  value  of  products  of  all  branches,  and  iti 
value  of  worsted  goods  and  woollen  goods;  Pennsylvania  was  first  in  the  manufacture  of 
carpets  and  rugs,  and  New  York  led  in  the  manufacture  of  felt  goods  and  wool  hats.  The 
cities  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Lawrence,  Mass.,  and  Providence,  R.  I.,  are  still  the  leading 
centres  of  wool   manufacture. 

In  1905  the  worsted  manufacture  exceeded  that  of  woollen  goods  in  capital,  cost  of 
materials,  and  value  of  products.  An  indication  of  the  change  of  fashion  from  woollen  to 
worsted  goods  is  the  decrease  in  woollen  yarn  purchased  from  38.903,178  pounds  in  1900^to 
38,141,488  pounds  in  1905,  coincident  with  an  increase  in  worsted  yarn  from  34,37'i,(3G 
pounds  in  1900  to  43,403,705  in  1905.  The  quantity  of  scoured  wool  consumed  in  the  woollen 
manufacture  was  282,104.618  pounds,  and  the  total  quantity  of  yarns  purchased  was 
203,079.791  pounds,  costing  $59.904,6.^7.  Cotton,  either  alone  or  mixed  with  wool,  has 
largely  supplanted  wool  as  the  material  of  a  great  number  of  fabrics.  There  are  Important 
increases  in  the  silk  yarn  used  and  in  the  yarn  of  jute,  ramie,  and  other  vegetable  fibres. 

The  principal  machinery  was  5,968  cards,  1,549  combing  machines,  4,021,098  spindles, 
and  77,985  looms. 


Tea^   Coffee.,  and  Cocoa. 


'387 


cSutjar  i^rotruction. 


MtTLHAT.t  give.s  tlie  following  ostiinatcs  of  tlie  production  of  can o  and 
Euglish  tons  from  1840  to  1898;  and  Willott  A  Gray,  New  York,  for  the  yo 


)>oot  sugar  in  the  world  iiT 

iirslollowing: 


Ykars. 


1841-., 
1850. , 
186(1. , 
1870. . 
1880. . 


C,ine. 


Tons, 
1,100,000 
l.'JOO.OOO 
1,83U,'!00 
1,850,000 
1,860,000 


Beet. 

Total.    IVkaks, 

Tons, 

T-wis.     j 

50.000 

1,150,000!  1890. .. 

200,000 

1,400,000,  1898... 

400,000 

2.^30,000]  1900.  . . 

900.000 

2,750 ,0001 11901... 

1,810,000 

8,670 ,000 11902.... 

Cane. 


Beet. 


Thus.  Tons. 

2,580,000  2,780,000 
2,850.(Wol4,650,Oi)0 
2,839,500 ;  5.608,544 
3,657.4161 6,066.9;!9 
4,070,282  8,923  487 


Total 


Tons. 
5,360,000 
7,500,000 
8,448,044 
9,724,355 


Vkars. 

Cane. 

Tons. 

190S.... 

4,163  941 

1904.... 

4,618,289 

1905... 

4,906,082 

1906. . . 

6,73:i,626 

1907. . . 

7,361,9'}6 

Beet. 


Toui. 


Ton.*.  Pons. 

5,7.56,720!  9,920,661 
4,918.480'  9,536,769 
7,237,717  12,143,799 
7,217,3i;'J  13,950,992 
7,150,010  14  >511,946 


Tlie  production  ot  sugar  lu  1900-1007  by  .sugar-g rowing  countries,  iu  tons  of  2,240  pounds,  a.s 
reported  by  Willett  &  Gray,  was:                                                              ^ 

Countries. 

Cane  Sugar. 

230. 000 
210, 000 
1,427,673 
122,000 
60,000 
140,000 
215,000 

Countries. 

C;tne  Sugar. 

I,0il,o4<3 
3U(),000 
182.  (JOO 
220, 000 

117,000 

118.817 

76,000 

Countries. 

Beet  Sugar. 

Louisiana 

.lava 

United  States 

433,010 

Poi'to  Hico 

Hawaii 

(xormany 

Austria                 

2,238,000 

Cu))a 

O.ueen.sland 

1  344.0(JO 

Br;tish  West  Indies 

Mauritius 

France 

76(),00.) 

Ilaytiand  S.  Domingo. 
Peru 

Demerara 

Argentina  

Russia 

iielgiuni 

1,470,000 

283,  (JOO 

Brazil 

P.hilippines 

Holland 

181,000 

Reot  sugar  production  in  tie  United  .States  in  100(j-07,  by  States,  in  tons  of  2,240  pounds:  Wis- 
consin, 16,071;  Michi'-an,  70.189;  Nebraska.  13,312;  Colorado,  153,205;  Utah,  36,530;  Tdaho> 
25,418:  California,  79,464;  all  others,  29,731.    Total,  433,010. 

CONSUMPTION  OF  SUGAR. 

Licht's  estimate  of  consumption  of  sugar  of  all  kinds  in  various  countries  in  1906  per  capita  in 
pounds  was:  Germany,  43;  Austria,  24:  France,  36;  Sv>ain,  10;  ICn.gland,  92;  Switzerland,  53; 
United  States,  (\V&(4)  76;  i;ussia,20;  Xetherlands,39:  J)ennuirk.71 :  Ilaiv,7;  Belgiuni,33;  Turkey, 10. 

Tiie  consmnption  of  sugar  in  the  United  States  iu.the  calendar  year  1906,  estimated  by  Willett  & 

Domestic  Manle....". 6,000 

DomesticBeet ,= 300,317 


Gray,  of  New  York,  was 

Imported  (including  343,857  tons  Ha- 
waiian, 193,978  Porto  Kican,  and 
41,900  Philippine  sugar).... ....2,281,599 

Domestic,  manufactured  from  imported 
molasses ; 8,150 

Domestic  Cane 267, 947 


Domestic  Total 582.414 

Total  product  consumed  i)i  the  U.  S 2,864,013 

or  76, 1  pounds  per  capita. 


^ca,  Golfer,  antr  €:oc(ia, 

(From  Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.) 
Coffee.— Sources  of  siipplj'  in  1904.     Exports  from  co-Tee-growing  countries  in  pounds. 


Brazil 1,60(J,000,000 

Colombia,  Venezuela,  Ecuador, 

Peru,  andChile 200,000.000 

Coi 1 1 :a!  America ,     165. OO'J, 1 00 

Mexico 35,000,  (JOO 

Cuba  and  Porto  Eico 18,000,000 


Haiti  and  Santo  Domingo... 71, 000, OCX) 

British  Vv'est  Indies ll.fKW.OOO 

British  Fa,st  Indies 58,0(X),000 

Dutch  East  Indies JLiS,  000^000 

Total 2,299.000,000 


Consumption  of  leading  countries  in  1904,  in  pounds. 

United  States. 9(50,879.000  |  Austria- Hungary 108,687. 0(X> 

Germany 396, 205, 0()0  I  Holland 28,930, (J(JO 

France 167,5.52,000   Great  Britain  and  Ireland 28,783,000 

Beh;ium 125,4I1,0(J0  I  Caiiada 6.1b8,000 

Vom  Brazil.  778,559,591 
I e  $9,289,554.    Central 
quantities  from  other 
countries. 

Tea.— Sources  of  supply  in  1904:  Exports  from  principal  tPa-.growing  countries  in  pounds. 

British  India 2<J8,049,000    Japan 68,359.000 

China 193,467,000    Java.... 23,595,000 

Ceylon  (1903) 149,2-7,000,      -^ 

Figures  of  total  production  iu  each  of  these  countries  exceed  total  exports,  except  China,  about 
whose  consumption  there  are  no  available  statistics. 

Consumption  of  leading  countries  in  1904,  in  pounds. 


Great  Britain  and  Ireland 256,(3(50,000 

Ru  xsia 120, 829. 000 

I'nited  States 10i>,(>23,000 

Australia  (1900) 29,266, 0(J0 


Canada  (1903) 23,969,000 

Nethp  1 1  ands 8, 778.  OOO 

(Germany 6,903,000 

France 2,4  40.  OOO 


The  number  of  poundsof  tea  consumed  per  capita  was:  (^reat  Britain  and  Ireland,  6.09;  Uniic<i 
States,  1.34;  Ku.ssia.  0.95;  Australia.  6.93;  Canada,  5.60;  France,  0.0();  (iermanv,  0.12. 

The  imports  of  tea  in  tlie  (Jnited  Stales  in  the  fiscal  yenr  1907  were  86,362,490  pounds,  valued  at 
$13,915,544.  Of  this  37^411, 053  pounds  were  imported  Iroin  Japan  and  31,233,259  pounds  from 
China. 

Cocca.— World's  production  of  cocoa,  1903.  in  pounds:  Ecuador,  46,500,000;  San  Thom4 
(Portuguese  Africa),  45.000,000;  Brazil,  4  {,000.000;  Trinidad,  29,000,000;  \eneznela,  25,000.000; 
Santo    Domingo,  15,000,000;    Grenada,    13,000,0(30;    all    others,  37,500,000.      Total   production, 

'W'orl'd'sconsumptionof  cocoa,  1903,  in  pounds:  United  States,  63.000.000;  Germany, 43,  000,- 
000;  l  ranee,  41,000.000;  Gteat  Britain,  35,000,000;  Nelherlauds,  33,000,000;  S|>ain,  12,500.000; 
all  others,  33,000,000. 

'J'he  importation  of  raw  cocoa  into  the  United  States  in  tlie  fiscal  year  1907  was  92,249,819 
pounds,  and  of  chocolate  3,543.961  fonucls.  There  ha«  beep  nn  immm.Kf>  incit^uHa  [a  tlie  Inapostfttioa 
»C  cocoft  111  tbfl  psM!*"  SfiTjj  years 


388  The  Financial  Stringency  of  1907, 


^"^t  jFmantial  -Strmfitncg  of  1907» 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  his  annual  report  of  December  2,  1907,  made  the  fol- 
lowing references  to  the  action  of  the  United  States  Government  in  connection  with  the 
financial  disturbances  which  occurred  in  the  Autumn  of  1907: 

Section  4  of  the  act  approved  March  4,  1907,  increased  from  $3,000,000  to  $9,000,000  per 
month  the  amount  of  lawful  money  which  might  be  deposited  with  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United   States  for  the   retirement   of   the  circulating   notes   of  national   banks. 

Owing  to  the  currency  stringency  which  has  existed  for  the  past  two  months,  the 
national  banks  have  taken  out  circulation  in  large  amounts  (from  October  1  to  November  20, 
$38,540,820).  It  is  not  difficult  to  foresee  that  at  a  period  not  very  remote  these  banks  v%-in 
not  only  be  in  a  position  to  retire  a  large  amount  of  this  circulation,  but  should  be  en- 
couraged to  do  so.  It  is  therefore  recommended  and  urged  that  the  act  referred  to  be 
further  amended,  and  limitation  upon  such  retirement  of  circulation  be  left  within  the 
discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

BOND    TRANSACTIONS. 

The  4  per  cent,  funded  loan  of  1907.  by  its  term?;,  was  redeemable  at  the  pleasure  of 
the  United  States  after  July  1.  1907.  The  amount  outstanding  March  1,  1907,  was  $111,- 
69(3,300,  and  small  amounts  of  the  bonds  were  being  presented  from  day  to  day  for  sale  at 
par.  with  interest  to  April  1.  As  it  was  advisable,  owing  to  the  demand  for  money  In  all 
sections  of  the  country,  to  increase  the  disbursements  from  the  Treasury,  the  owners  of 
the  4  per  cent,  bonds  were  invited  by  a  circular  published  March  14  to  surrender  their 
bonds  for  redemption  with  intei-est  to  July  1  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  $25,000,000.  Under 
this  circular  there  were  redeemed,  between  the  date  of  this  issue  and  June  24.  registered 
and  coupon  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $25,088,750.  Meanwhile,  the  disposal  of  the  remainder 
of  the  loan  was  considered. 

The  department  had  the  option  of  three  methods:  First,  its  redemption;  second,  its 
continuance  at  a  lower  rate  of  interest  at  the  pleasure  of  the  United  States;  third,  the 
refunding  under  authority  of  the  act  of  March  14,  1900,  into  2  per  cent,  consols  of  1930  of 
all  or  any  part  of  it. 

The  redemption  of  the  loan  would  take  from  the  Treasury  about  .$86,000,000,  a  loss 
which  seemed  to  be  inadvisable  in  view  of  the  uncertainty  then  existing  as  to  future  finan- 
cial conditions.  Its  continuance  at  a  lower  rate  of  interest,  while  possessing  some  ad- 
vantages, was,  on  the  whole,  uncertain  as  to  its  operation  and  effect.  So  it  was  decided 
to  refund  a  part  of  the  loan,  leaving  outstanding  an  amount  which  could  easily  be  redeemed 
in  July  without  disturbing  financial  conditions. 

EMERGENCY   MEASURES. 

During  the  Summer  the  gradual  increasing  rate  of  interest  charged  for  call  money, 
time  money  and  discounts  of  commercial  bills  indicated  a  progressive  diminution  in  the 
amount  of  available  cash.  Accordingly,  it  was  decided  August  23,  1907,  to  make  each  week 
substantial  deposits  in  the  different  sections  of  the  country,  with  the  particular  object  of 
facilitating  the  Fall  movement  of  the  crops,  -  These  distributions  were  continued  weekly 
until  rhe  aggregate  amount  of  $26,000,000  had  been  so  distributed.  Notwithstanding  this 
measurp,  there  was  a  constantly  increasing  stringency  in  the  monetary  centres,  which 
culminated   in  the  forced  suspensions  of  several   important  institutions. 

Prior  to  this  crisis  the  shipments  of  currency  to  the  West  by  Eastern  banks  for  crop- 
moving  purposes  had  been  insignificant.  There  had  been  no  important  shipments  of  gold 
abroad,  so  the  monetaiy  stringency  seemed  to  be  due.  in  lai-ge  measure,  to  the  hoarding  of 
funds  by  owners  thereof  who  had  become  apprehensive  of  their  financial  safety.  As  the 
crisis  approached  the  department  adopted  the  strongest  measures  to  give  material  assistance. 
Within  four  days  there  was  transferred  from  the  Treasury  to  the  banks  the  sum  of 
$35,000,000,  the  security  received  therefor  being  such  State,  municipal  and  railroad  securities 
as  are  accepta'ble  under  the  laws  of  the  States  of  New  York.  Massachusetts,  Connecticut  and 
New  Jersey  as  investments  bv  savings  banks.  On  November  11  there  were  on  deposit  in 
national  bank  depositaries:  To  the  credit  of  the  United  States.  $212,958,811.64;  to  the 
credit  of  disbursing  officers.  $13,877,425,40;  total,  $226,836,237.04.  This  sum  was  distributed 
among  national  banks  in  every  State  and  Territory  of  the  Union. 

THE   PANIC  AND   AFTER, 

These  deposits,  and  other  Treasury  operations,  in  connection  with  the  associated  efforts 
of  prominent  financiers  and  other  business  men.  who  aided  first  by  giving  important  relief 
to  certain  embarrassed  institutions  and  afterward  by  providing  for  the  imports  of  gold,  of 
which  up  to  November  15  there  had  been  engaged  more  than  $60,000,000,  operated  to  prevent 
a  dangerous  panic.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  has  made  such  adju.stment  of  deposits 
between  the  \  arious  cities  and  sections  as  was  possible  in  such  a  time  of  financial  stress, 
and  through  tho  <o-op<nation  of  Eastern  bankers  has  sprurod  the  transfer,  through  the  usual 
rommercial  channels,  of  large  sums  of  money  to  the  South,  the  West,  the  Northwest,  and 
the  Pacific  Coast.  ,  ^    ^,.  *  a 

Ther"^  -^v.is.  ho^^  e^  er.  great  finanrial  distress  in  many  sections  or  the  country  ana 
a  remarkable  scarcity  of  currency.  The  Clearing-Houses  in  nearly  all  the  prominent  cities 
of  the  United  States  felt  obliged  to  adopt  such  measures  of  relief  as  they  found  available. 
The  remarkably  sound  and  prosperous  condition  of  the  country  would  seem  to  warrant  the 
belief  that  the  strain  will  leave  behind  no  extensive  business  depression. 


Wi?ie  Production  of  the   "World. 


389 


Cfte  American  llfog. 


HOGS  PACKED  AND  MARKETED,  YEAR  ENDING  MARCH  1,  1907. 

CiTIKS. 

Number    of 
Hogs. 

Cities. 

Number    of 
Hogs. 

Cities. 

Number    of 
Hogs. 

Chicago 

6,027,432 
3,157,174 
2, 193, 091 
1,765,592 
1,844,751 
1,476,859 
1,062,626 
586.612 
671.928 

Cedar  Rapids 

(Cleveland 

660, 262 
600. 298 
214,034 
1,042,998 
877,126 

Other  Places  East . . . 

Receipts  at  New 
Yorlc,  Philadel- 
phia, and  Balti- 
more  

924,889 

T\  ansas?  Citv 

O inalia  ............. 

Louisville 

St    TjOuis  

Sioux  Citv 

St   .Tospoh 

St    Paul 

2,759,304 

ludianapolis 

Nebraska  City 

Other  Places  West.. 

Boston 

Butt'alo 

211,156 
3,138,616 
1,239,000 

62  ).000 

Total  1907 

30,978.000 

"     1906 

31,273,000 

Ottumwa 

"     1905 

I  29,691,000 

DISTRIBUTION  OP  HOG  PRODUCTS  EXPORTED  FROIM  THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1905-06. 


?h 


I.ARD. 

Hams. 

Bacon. 

I'OKK. 

COCNTKIKS. 

Quantities, 
Pounds. 

Values. 

Quantities, 
rounds. 

173,ii26.166 
3,60^,181 
20,1-04 
1,194,911 
1,219,730 
1,.V20,979 
3,562,587 
9,184,791 

Values. 

Qumtitiis, 
rounds. 

Values. 

Quaiitities, 
rounds. 

Values. 

United  Kingdom 

Belo'ium      ............. 

241,903.704 

37,722.055 

5,427.171 

240,-.'77.836 
80,038,280 
50.430,091 

$19. 511, -.'95 

o,0S7,758 

436,443 

19,5^2,626 

6,457,096 

4.142.898 

$17,762,836 
387,391 
1,719 
125,910 
114,974 
150,263 
432,470 
1,109,948 

28l^280,62^ 

23,261,441 

112.712 

14,6-.'.%495 

11.714,345 

19,588,738 

2.437,424 

9,189,780 

$28,277,030 
2,133.393 
10,933 
1,365,581 
1,030.010 
1,829,809 

86,1(17,510 
5,640,813 
41, '-00 
8,053,727 
6,176,762 
8.707.636 

$7,708,668 
418,616 

Kraiice  .  •••••.••• 

3,190 

Germany 

Xetherlaods 

614,360 
473,148 
656,047 

British  North  America.. 
Other  countries 

8,y81,618             703.270 
77,306,1  :jl         6,270,705 

293,4781      16,892,780 
905,5.59j      23,644,730 

1, '■57.0:0 
1.812,957 

Total 

741,.M6.8S6     $60,132,091 

194.267,949 

$20,075,511 

3:i,210.?.63 

$35,845,79:;'     155,265,15- 

$12,943,046 

jprtitrtictiou  of  }3oultcs  ^u^  ISfirjs* 

TiiK  Census  of  1900  gave  the  production  of  poultry  in  the  Census  year  in  the  United  States  as 
250,623,114.  The  enumeration  covered  chickens,  guinea  fo->vls.  turkeys,  geese  and  ducks  three 
mouths  old  and  over.  The  largest  production  was  in  Iowa,  20,043,343,  and  the  next  largest, 
Illinois,  17,737,262. 

The  production  of  eggs  in  the  Census  vear  1900  in  the  United  States  was  1.293,662,433  dozen. 
Theleading  production  hv  States  was  Iowa,  99,621,920  dozen;  Ohio,  91,766,630;  Illinois,  86.402,- 
670;  Missouri,  85.203.2^0;  Kansa.s,  73.190,390;  Indiana,  70.782.200;  Pennsylvania,  67,038,180. 
New  York,  62,096,690;  Texas,  58,040,810;  Michigan,  54.318,410:  all  in  dozens. 

Tlie  report  of  the  Census  of  1900  showed  3. 29  poultry  per  capita,  and  17  dozen  eggs  per  capita 
per  annum  for  the  United  States. 


Bair<5  Jltdtxucts* 


The  Twelfth  Census  ("Bulletin  189)  presented  the  following  condensed  analysis  of  the  dairy 
industry  of  the  United  States  for  the  Census  year  r.  00  : 

Cows  kept  for  milk  on  farms ; number..       17,139. 6<4 

Cows  kept  for  milk  not  on  farms "         973,033 

Total  number  of  cows  kept  for  milk 18,112,707 

Milk  produced  on  farms gallons.  .7,266.392.674 

Milk  produced  not  on  farms •''         *  462,190,676 

Total  gallons  of  milk  produced 7.728,583,350 


Butter  made  on  farms pounds  .1,071.745,127 

Butter  nuvde  in  factory  creameries "  420,126.546 

Butter  made  in  urbandairy  establishments .-...., "  827, 470 

Total  pounds  of  butter  made 1v'*?^jl??^'A"*^ 

pounds 


Cheese  made  on  farms... 
Cheese  made  in  factories 
Cheese  made  in  urban  dairy  establishments 


16,372,330 
281,972,324 
662,164 


Total  pounds  of  cheese  made " 299,006.818 

ensed  milk  produced pounds..     186,921.787 


Coud( 

*  Estimated. 


amine  }3totructitiu  of  tijc  SSIorltr, 


The  following  table  shows  estimates  of  wine  production  in  gallons  by  the  principal  wine- producing 
countries  aecordmg  to  the  French  publication  Moniteur  Vinicole,  and  is  for  the  year  1005. 


COVNTRIES. 


(Gallons. 


France  (iuc,  Algeria 
and  Tunis) 1,710.900.000 


Italy 

Spii.in 

Austria- Hunj 

Portugal 

Germany 

Russia 

CJiile 


ary. 


85t), 52(1 ,1100 

428,000,0t)0 

192.800.000 

I0S.o20.lK)0 

79.600,000 

7H,620.0(IO 

74,20<.»,O«0 


COUXTRIKS. 


Gallons. 


•!! 


Roumania I     52,840  000 

Argentine  Repub....|     34.n50,000 

Turkev 34,350,000 

.34,O(U),()00 

29,100,000 

22.190.000 

7,925,000 

6,(505.tH)0 


United  states. 
Bulgaria.  ... 
Switzerland. 
Australa.'^ia. . 

Servia 

Oceauica, 


Co^^^•TRIKS. 
Brazil . 


Cape  Colony 

A7.ores.  (anar.v  and 
jSradeira  Islands. . 

Urngua.v 

Peru 

Bolivia.... 


6,605,0001  i     Total. 


Gi»llous._ 

'5T600,6(H» 
4,490,000 

;;..s30.ooo 

2,7)?0.00O 

2.400.000 

610,000 


3,775,060,000  ^ 


390 


Consumption  of  I^eer,  '\Vi91e,  and  Alcohol. 


JItoiJttCtton  of  ILiQuors  antr  Wiintn  in  tljc  sanftttr  <Statcs. 


PRODUCTION    OF 

FERMENTED    LIQUORS 

AND    DISTILLED    SPIRITS. 

Ybab 

Endino 
JdnbSO. 

Production  of  Distilled 

Spirits,  Excl 

isive  of  Brandy  Distilled  from  Kriiit. 

Production 

of  Fruit 

Brandy. t 

Total  Pro- 

Fermented 
Liquors. 

Bourbon 

Whiskey. 

Rve 

Whiskey, 

Alcohol. 

Rum. 

Gin. 

PureNe'itral 
Spirits. 

duction  of 
Distilled 
Spirits.! 

Barrels.* 

G.I  lions. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

1895 

33,589,784 

18,717,153 

12,321,543 

8,819,923 

1,777,083 

1,176,669 

21,564,2.38 

1,9Sh.176 

81,909,771 

1896 

35,859,255 

16,935,Sr.2 

9,153,066 

9,960,301 

1,490,288 

1,098,376 

25,564,738 

3,403.832 

89,992,555 

1697 

34,462,8-22 

6,113.726 

4,269,220 

9, .503,353 

1,294.157 

1,159,314 

16,s77.306 

1,813,427 

64,379,075 

1898 

37,529,339 

13,439,459 

8,818,240 

11,672,795 

1,340,547 

1,267,580 

20,613.205 

2,906,198 

83.668,411 

1899 

36.697,6.'.4 

17,256,331 

10,792,565 

11.974.3.=i4 

1,494,379 

1,266,823 

25,876,229 

3,097,769 

100,162,334 

1900 

39.471.593 

19,411,829 

14,296,563 

10.735.771 

1,614,514 

1,597,081 

24,173,671 

3,7C0.4ft7 

I'l'.i.  •.'4.^,187 

1901 

40,614.258 

26,209,804 

18,263,709 

10,775,117 

1,724,582 

1,636,200 

30,228,804 

4,047,r,02 

128,56^,201 

litOi 

44.550,127 

20,336,250 

21,587.221 

11,4S3,305 

2,202,047 

l,752,2sl 

37,429,734 

4,220,400 

103,401.447 

1903 

46.720,179 

26,068,555 

22,407,053 

12,0.34,127 

2,247,907 

1,913,404 

54,620,400 

6,430,673 

1]2.905..;99 

19l'4 

48,265,168 

20,247,089 

KS,371,.343 

11.486,082 

1.801.179 

2,110.216 

57. 997, .506 

5.193,262 

139,505.214 

iyo5 

49.522,029 

26,742,16S 

20,410.422 

11.610,7y9 

1,791,987 

2,187,709 

60,944.811 

5,448,584 

153,-J59,378 

1906 

54.724.553 

24,968,943 

21.469,720 

11,173,614 

1.730.102 

2,323.289 

59.626.733 

4,444.072 

1.50,110,197 

*0f  not  more  than  31  gallons.       flncluding  apple,  pe.ach,  and   gfrane.     tliicludinj  also  hiffh  wines  and  miscellaneous  spirits. 
The  production  of  wines  in   the   United  States  in  1900  was   24,306.905  gallons,  of    which   California  produced  14,620,000, New 
York  2,528,250,  and  Ohio  1,934,838  gallons.    The  total  production  in  1902  w.is  29,058,700  gallons. 


Xmportatton  of  ^Spirits,  JHalt  JLtquors,  anty  WiintH 


INTO  THE   UNITED  STATES,  IN  QUANTITIES. 


Malt  Liquors,  in  bottles  or  jng.s,  galloii.s 

' '  not  in  bottles  or  jugs,  gallons 

Spirits,  Distilled  aud  Spirituous  Compounds,  Brandy, 

proof  galloiLS 

Spirits,  Distilled  and  Spirituous  Compounds, all  other, 

proor  gallons 

Spirits,  domestic  manufacture,  returned,  gallons 

Wines,  Still  Wines  in  casks,  gallons 

"       Still  Wines  in  bottles,  dozen 

^*       Champagne  and  other  sparkling,  dozen 


1904. 

1,467.75« 
3,197,955 

390,988 

2,238,838 
471,596 

4,007.691 
471,153 
336, 245 


1905. 


1.362.069 
3,836,487 

403,386 

2,368,366 
316.469 

3,973,919 
488,773 
372,811 


_1906. 

1,582.619 
4,395,033 

470,433 

2,639,680 
177,499 

4,482,499 
546,688 
415.^394 


190-; 


2,041,688 
5,165,929 

629,333 

3,270,226 
16-.i,072 

5,213,458 
636,938 
419,403 


VALUES. 


Malt  Liquors ;$2,313, 325  $2,405,314  $2,738.855[  §3,408,763 

Spirits,  Distilled  and  Compounds 4,957,507    5,005,058;  5,524,7671    6,886,691 

Wines !   9,391,870  10,241,921  10,993,968  11,808,781 

(Konsumptiou  of  cSpirrt.9,  plait  Hiquors,  auTr  Wiintn 


^ 

IN 

THE  UNITED  STATES,  IN  GALLONS. 

Ykap. 

Ending 
June 30 

DisTiLLKD  Spirits  Co 

VSUMED. 

Wines  Consumed.        1 

Malt  Liquors 

CONSU.MBD. 

Domestic    Spirits. 

Imported 
Spirits. 

Domestic 
Wines. 

Imported 
Wiues. 

Domestic 
Malt  Licjuors. 

Imported 
Malt  Liquors 

Total 
Consumption. 

From  Fruit. 

All  Other. 

1894 

1,4»0,5d3 

88,046,771 

1,063,885  1 

18,040,385 

3,252,739 

1,033,378.273 

2,940.949 

1,148,153,555 

1895 

1,102,703 

75,228,928 

1,496,86(. 

16,582,657 

3,0.54,392 

1,040.259,039 

3,0:3:3,067 

1,140,764,71-6 

1896 

1,440,810 

68,069,563 

1,541,504 

14.599,7.57 

4,101,649 

1,077,325,634 

3,:300,531 

1.170,:i79,448 

lo97 

1,146.181 

69,789,991 

2,230,711 

33,940,319 

4,647,988 

1.066,:?07,704 

3,002,558 

j  1,181,065,402 

1898 

1,411.448 

79,207,887 

916,549 

17,453,684 

3,113,633 

1,161,769,114 

2,4.57,:348 

'  1, 266,281  .:366 

1899 

1,3015.21? 

84,614.652 

1,389,358 

22,835,587 

3,525,109 

1  1.1:32,723.202 

2,797,427 

1,249,191,.553 

1900 

1,386,361 

94,156,023 

1,705,998 

26.492,491 

3.935.000 

!  1,218.183.252 

3,:^16,908 

l,:349,176,o:j3 

1901. . . . 

1,509,271 

100,066,821 

1,941,629 

24,002,439 

4,388,140 

1.2.54.653.009 

3,5;46,:382 

l.:390,127,:379 

1902 

1,403,204 

104,110,194 

2,245,239 

44.737,244 

5,020,066 

1,378,168.215 

3.707,222 

1,-5:39.081 .9?»1 

1903 

1,515,072 

lis. 598,-545 

2,4.39,53a 

32,631,1.54 

5,601,425 

j  1,445,675.414 

4,204,5:38 

1,605.851.455 

1904 

1,6:37,303 

116,808.978 

2,655,716 

37  ,.538 ,709 

5, 51 7, .568 

;  1,4MV4 ,354 ,2,50 

4.8.57,075 

l,6-58,609,95>< 

1905 

1,595,021 

116,544.8.^,2 

2,730,425 

29,369,408 

6.002,:^09 

1,5.32.949,602 

5.201,168 

l,694,:i92,765 

1906 

1,781,643 

122,961,612 

3,011,289 

39,847,044 

6,6:38.179 

1,694,021,375 

5,964,267 

'  1,874.22  ,4<  9 

(tonmimption  of  iJeer,  Wiinty  antr  ^Icoiftol 


IN  na.NCII'.^I.,  COUNT1UE.S,  IN  GALLONS. 


Countries. 


United  States 

United    Kingdom.. 

Kussia 

Germany 

France.    

Spam 


Malt 
Liquors. 


1.494,191,325 

1 .500,709,0.  0 

U.1,633,k92 

1, 78V', 778,000 

2S9,103,000 

»2<.«,000,000 


Wines. 


43,316.1.36 

16,646.933 

•25,000,000 

113,583,1)00 

1,342, H30,600 

321,316,000 


Alcohol. 


tl21,101,997 

.-.8,318,373; 

172,550,5001 

I24,3!3,3it0j 

9;, 177,968 


Countries. 


Belgium 

Italy 

Austria-Hungary, 

Denmark 

Sweden , 

Portugal . 


Malt 
Liijuors. 

"395,285,258 

6,7'j5,00ii 

545,674,043 

63,vUl,OO0 

44,440,000 


•Estimated,    Retiirns  are  for   1903,  except  United   StattI   atid   United   Klnudom,  1604 
AMtria-Hungary,  1901;  It«l.y,  win*,  ISOS  ;  (»»-e.^.^,  irlee,  l»i».    tC!i«lle4  iplrlw. 


Wines. 


8,94H,200 

1,045.,9   l.Ouo 

119,218,U00 

'    89S200 
87,142,0110 


Alcohol 


■.•,8'.'3,000 

11,150.400 

*I  20,00(1.000 

♦4,000,000 

10,730,600 


Franc*,  malt,  ie04;    Bneela  »i><l 


ILtquor  SccitftCc 


391 


AlaUama— Local  option,  fee  $175— $350. 

Ala-ska— Prohibition  under  :ict-s  of  <  "oiiErress. 

Ariz;ona— Local  option,  qnartcrly  foe,  Uuited 
States  licen.se  $25  annually.  County  aucl  Tei- 
ritovial  $300  aiuiuully. 

Arkansas— Local  option,  fee  SSOtl 

California— Local  option,  fee  hy  authorities. 

Colorado  -Local  option,  fee  $500  np. 

Connecticut— Local  option,  fee  $150— $450. 

Delaware  -License  Ijy  courts,  fee  $200— $300. 

District  of  Columbia— License  by  excise  board 
on  the  written  consent  of  the  majority  of  tiie 
owners  of  real  e?rtate,  and  of  the  residents  oti  tlie 
front  of  the  square  on  whicli  the  saloon  is  to  be 
located,  and  of  the  owners  of  real  estate  and  of 
the  residents  of  the  confronting  side  of  the  oppo- 
site square,  fee  $800. 

Floriila— Local  optioh,  fee  $1,250. 

<»corgia— Total  sitate  Prohibition  goes  into  efiect 
.lannary  1, 19u8.    Law  signed  Aug.  8, 19o7. 

Idaho- Annual  license  by  authorities,  fee  $750. 

iiii->->is— f^oc'ii  option  license  by  city  council  or 
village  oi^county  board,  fee  not  less  than  $500. 

Indiana— Liicense  by  county  commissioners,  fee 
sluo— $250;  majority  remonstrance,  defeats. 

Iowa— License  by  petitioji  of  voters,  fee  $600. 

Kansas— Prohibition. 

Kentucky— License  by  majority  of  voters,  fee 
$100 -$150. 

Liouisiaua— Pitate  and  local  liceii^j  $100  up. 

.Uai'-e— Prohibition. 

i>larvlaHd— Local  option,  fee  $18— $450. 

A>iasgachuse!ts— Local  option,  fee  not  less  than 
$1,000;  number  limited,  one  to  one  thousand  in- 
habitants; in  Boston,  one  to  five  hundred. 

I>l:chigan— Local  option,  fee  iJ.'jOO- $800. 

Minnesota— License  fee,  $500— Sl.OOO. 

3r!f>si«!sipi)i  — fjocal  option,  fee  S600— $1,200. 

i^Iisisouri- The  conmiesmay,  bj' majoritj' vote, 
pass  the  local  option  law,  and  if  this  isnotdoue, 
the  county  courts  may  grant  a  license  and  fix  a 
tax  of  not'less  than  .$'iOO,  nor  more  than  $400  per 
year,  for  State  and  not  less  than  $500,  nor  more 
than  li>800for  county  purposes. 


i>lont  ana— Local  option,  setni-annna.  $150— |I300 

Nt^braska— Local  oiition,  fee  $.500— $1,00«. 

N<'vada  -State  license  $50  per  annum;  wholesale 
$lOiiper  aniMim;  retail  drugstore  $12 per  auuum, 

Np>v  IIanip»iliire  —  License  by  majority  of 
voters,  fees  ba,sed  ou  population,  maximum 
$1,200. 

New  Jersey— Local  option,  fee $100— .$300. 

New  i^Iexico- I,i(;euse  by  county  commission- 
ers,  fee  $100 -$400. 

Nt'^v  York -Local  option  in  towns,  fee  $150— 
$1,200,  according  to  population. 

Nortb  Carolina— Limited  local  option,  semi- 
annual fee  of  S.5U— $400. 

North  Dakota— Prohibition. 

Ohio— l>ocal  option,  fee  $1,000. 

Oklahoma— License  by  county  officers,  fee $2(0; 
additional  license  in  incorporated  towns  $500. 

Oregon— Local  option,  fee  $400. 

Penn.'sylvania— License  under  control  of  courts, 
fee  $75— $1,000. 

Ilhode  Island— Local  option,  fee  $200— $1,000. 

South  Carolina— County  control.  State  regula- 
tion. 

South  Dakota— License  by  local  authorities, 
fee  .$400-6600. 

Tenuessee—fJcense  issued  by  local  authorities, 
tee  $150-S200. 

Texas— License  issued  by  county  clerk,  fee  $300. 

Utah— License  granted  by  local  authorities,  lee 
S400 -$1,200. 

Veriaont— License  local  option  act  was  adopted 
February  3, 1903,  and  took  eMect  March  3, 1903. 

Virginia— Control  of  local  courts,  fee  $175— $350; 
local  option  provided  for. 

Washington— License  issued  by  local  authori- 
ties, fee  S300— $1,000. 

West  Virginia— License  by  courts  and  local  au- 
thorities, fee  retail  $600;  wholesale  $750. 
Wisconsin-Local   option,   fee  $100— $200,   with 
oower  in  voters  to  increase  from  $200— $500. 

Wyoming— License  issued  by  local  authorities, 
fee  $100— $300. 


LIQUOR    TRAFFIC    IN    f'iEW    YORK    CITY. 

Comparative  table  showing  the  number  of  licenses  issued  and  net  receipts  under  excise  boards 
for  year  ending  April  30.  1896  (old  law),  also  number  of  liquor  tax  certifl'-ates  in  force,  net  revenue, 
State'sshare  net  revenue,  boroughs'  share  net  revenue,  benefit  to  boroughs  bj'  diminished  State  tax, 
together  with  total  benefit  to  each  borough  comprising  the  City  of  New  York,  for  the  year  ending 
April  30, 1907  (new  law). 


Boroughs, 

Issued, 

1895-90 

(Old 

La.v). 

Manhattan 

and  Bronx.. 

8,906 

Brooklyn 

4,702 

Q'it>ens 

1.206 

Richmond 

543 

Total.  ,. 


!  Ts'iimber 
Number    ^j  ^•^^ 

,.^^       I  tific:it-s 
Lu-enses  |  j,,  p„„.„ 

.Vpril  30, 
1907 
(New 
LawV 


Net  lleceipts 

Uiid«r  Ex- 
cise Boarils, 

1895-96 
(Old  Law). 


Net  Uevenue 

Year  Endins- 

April  30,  1907 

(New  I^iw). 


St:.tf's  Share 
Net  Revenue 

Year  Eniliiiir 
April  30,  1907 

(New  Law  J. 


Borough?.' 

Sh:irt;  Net 

Kevenue 

Year  Ending 

April  30,  1907 

(New  Law). 


Benefit  to 

Boroughs   by 

Diminished 

Suite  Tax 

Ye.Tr  Ending: 

April  30, 1907 

(New  Law). 


Tot.ll 

Benefit  to 

Each  Borough 

Year  Ending 

April  30, 1907 

(New  Law  I. 


^,777.190.91 

2,902,422.50 

411 ,437.  o9 

136,366. 99 


15,357|     12,674  $1,736,918.  43  $11,620,744.77  $5.810,373. 91  $5,810.370. 86; $6,417,047. 23  .$12.227 .418  09 


Ap 


Table  showing  the  number  of  liquor  tax  certificates  (covering  hotels,  saloons,  clubs, etc.)  in  force 
ril  30,  1907,  by  boroughs,  in  the  City  of  N-w  York. 


Boroughs. 

Motels. 

Saloous, 
Clubs,  etc. 

5,138"^ 

2,988 
914 

Boroughs. 

Hotels. 

Saloons, 
Clubs, eic. 

Sib 

37S 
2-9 

151 
1,643 

2S8 

Total  New  York  City 

Queens 

9.3'J8 

^ ^ 

^Mi}tn  to  ^ttbc  Bdjcrascis^ 

(From  Osborn's  Vintage  and  Production  of  Wines  and  Liquor.?. ) 


Appetizer— Dry  Pale  Sherry  jilain  or  withadash 
of  bitters.  Vermouth  nlii.in  or  a  Cocktail. 

With  Oysters— Rhine  Wine,  Moselle,  Dry  Sau- 
terue.s,  or  Capri;  cool. 

With  Soup— Siierry  or  ISfadeira;  cool. 

With  Fish— Sauternes,  Rhine  Wine,  Moselle,  or 
<^'apri ;  cool. 

With  Kutrees— Claret  or  Chianti;  temperature  of 
.    room. 


With  Roast— Claret,  Burgundy,  or  Chianti;  tem. 

perature  of  room. 
With    Game— Champagne  (cold).    Old    Vintage 

Champagne;  cool. 
With  Pastry— Madeira;  cool. 
With  Ciieese— Port ;  temnerature  of  room. 
With  Fruit— Tokay,  Midaga,  or  Muscat;  temper* 

ature  of  room. 
With  Coiree— Brandy  or  Cordial;  temperature  of 

room.  " 


392_ Sprecut  of  the  lAgnoi'  Prokibition  Movement. 


c^4JccaK  of  tijc  aiquor  i^cofjiditton  Jllotjrmtut 

The  year  i;J07  witnessed  a  tremendous  advance  In  the  Unltod  States  in  the  movement 
to  prahiblt  the  sale  of  Intoxicating  liquoi"s.  It  was  practically  the  Quly  political  issue 
in    the   South. 

There  are  now  six  prohibition  States-^ilaine,  Georgia,  North  Dakota,  Kansas, 
Oklahoma  and  Alabama.  In  eight  States  and  Territories — Montana,  Idaho,  Wyoming, 
Nevada,  Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  and  New  iJexico— saloons  are  licensed  with  virtually  nj 
lestrictions,  altliough  sonie  of  these  have  recently  passed  Sunday  closing  laws.  In  all  th3 
other  States  there  is  some  form  of  local  option.  In  nearly  all  these  local  option  States  thj 
"dry"  territory  has  been  steadily  inci^^asing  in  the  last  ten  years.  In  the  South  as  a  whole 
it  has  doubled;  in  Texas  it  has  tripled;  in  Kentucky  it  has  spread  so  widely  that  the 
prediction  is  confidently  made  that  within  three  years  the  State  will  take  its  place  beside 
Georgia  and  Alabama  in  the  prohibition  column.  To-dav  97  out  of  the  119  counties  of 
Kentucky  are  wholly  --dry,"  and  of  the  remainder  only  four  are  wholly  **wet."  Governor 
AVillson  was  elected  in  November  on  a  prohibition  platform.  This  seems  an  extraordinary 
condition  for  Kentucky,  the  home  of  blue-grass  whislsey,  the  State  in  which  $100,000,000  is 
invested  in  distilleries. 

In  Tennessee  liquor  can  be  had  publicly  only  in  the  cities  of  Memphis,  Nashville,  and 
Chattanooga. 

Georgia  becomes  a  prohibition  State  on  January  1,  1908,  and  the  law  is  so  drastic  that 
wine  cannot  be  used  at  communion  services  in  churches,  nor  can  druggists  sell  any  form 
of  liquor  except  pure  alcohol. 

Alabama  by  act  of  the  Legislature  in  November,  1907,  became  a  prohibition  State. 

In  Mississippi  sixty-eight  out  of  seventy-five  counties  are  already  dry,  and  a  State 
prohibition  campaign  is  being  waged  V\'ith  every  prospect  of  success. 

Florida  has  thirty-four  of  its  forty-seven  counties  dry,  and  Governor  Broward  is 
actively  leading  a  campaign  for  State  prohibition. 

South  Carolina  recently  repealed  its  famous  dispensary  law  and  substituted  local  option 
by  counties.  A  movement  for  State  prohibition  ha.s  been  started,  and  seventeen  out  of  forty- 
one  counties  have  voted  for  no  saloons. 

North  Carolina  has  no  saloons  in  95  per  cent,  of  its  territory,  and  the  prohibition  cam- 
paign  is  active  under  the  lead   of  Governor  Glenn. 

Virginia  has  seventy-two  dry  counties  out  of  118. 

West  Virginia  has  thirty  out  of  fifty-five,  and  Governor  Dawson  is  actively  fighting 
the  liquor  traffic. 

Fourteen  of  Maryland's  twenty-three  counties  are  dry. 

In  Delaware  the  election  in  November,  1907,  resulted  In  two  of  the  three  counties 
going  dry. 

Louisiana  has  eighteen  dry  parishes  and  parts  of  others  are  also  dry,  and  it  Is  illegal  to 
solicit  orders  for  liquor  in  any  of  the  dry  districts. 

Arkansas  has  sixty  out  of  se\'enty-five  counties  dry  and  many  dry  towns  in  the  others. 

Missouri's  local  option  lav/  has  made  forty-four  of  her  115  counties  abolish  saloons. 
Sunday  closing  even  in  St.   Louis  is  rigorously  enforced. 

Texas  is  one  of  the  most  notable  examples  of  the  revolution,  for  147  counties  are 
absolutely  dry,  fifty- three  are  partly  dry  and  only  forty-seven  are  totally  wet.  The  sale  of 
liquor  on  dining-cars  is  forbidden,  and  a  traveller  on  a  train  may  not  even  drink  from 
his   own  flask. 

Oklahoma  has  just  adopted  a  constitution  that  forbids  the  sale  of  liquor. 

Kansas  is  a  prohibition  State,  and  the  last  of  the  "speak  easy"  saloons  has  just  been 
suppressed  by  popular  opinion. 

Nebraska  has  local  option  by  villages  and  cities;  400  are  dry,  600  wet. 

South   Dakota   is   about   one-quarter   dry. 

North  Dakota  has  been  so  prohibition  State  so  long  that  in  some  of  the  counties  there 
are  no  jails. 

Minnesota  has  123  dry  towns  and  rigid  Sunday  closing. 

Iowa,  once  a  prohibition  State,  has  sixty-five  out  of  ninety^iine  counties  dry  and  eleven 
other  counties  have  only  one  saloon  each. 

W^iscon^in  has   650  dry   towns. 

Miohigan,  under  a  county  option  law,  has  only  one  dry  county. 

A  prohibition  wave  is  roiling  through  Illinois,  and  more  than  3,000,000  people  are  in  the 
dry  district.  .   . 

Six  hundred  and  eighty  of  Indiana's  1,016  townshi-ps  are  di-y.  a<nd  the  prohibition  advo- 
cates expect  to  increase   the  license  fee  to  $1,000. 

In  Ohio  1,140  out  of  1,376  townships  are  dry  and  60  per  cent,  of  the  municipalities. 

Pennsylvania  seems  little  affected  by  the  temperance  wave,  but  there  is  one  dry  county. 

New  jersey  has  no  local  option,  but  has  recently  begun  a  vigorous  closing  of  saloons  on 
Sundays. 

New  York  has  township  option,  under  which  602  towns  in  the  State  have  no  saloons. 

Only  twenty-four  towns  in  Vermont  allow  liquor  to  be  sold. 

New  Hampshire  is  nominally  a  i>rohibition  State,  but  only  62  per  cent,  of  the  population 
lives  in   really  dry   territory. 

Massachusetts  has  250  dry  and  100  wet  towns. 

Connecticut  has  ninety-six  dry  towns  out  of  176,  and  every  saloon  must  be  run  by  its 
actual  owner. 

.4bout  half  of  Rhode  Island  is  dry. 

In  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona  the  Anti-Saloon  League  has  started  a  campaign 
that  has  already  resulted  in  the  passage  of  a  local  option  law  in  the  first-named  State. 

In  Montana,  Idaho,  Wvomlng.  and  Utah,  although  the  saloons  run  about  as  they  like, 
they  are  besrinning  ro  r>ftlize  that  sentiment  is  changing.  The  Mormon  Church  is  fighting 
them,  and  the  prohibition  people  have  already  persuaded  Idaho  to  adopt  a  Sunday  clos- 
ing   law. 

On  the  Pacific  Slope,  California  has  four  dry  of>unties  and  much  dry  territory  !n  the 
other?!,  while  in  Oregon  twelve  counties  are  dry  »nd  170  municipalities  in  the  21  wet 
counties  are- also  dry.      Washington    has   fifty    dry    to\<Ti>,  - 


The  Canning  and  Preserving  Industry,  893 


(From  Censvis  Bulletin  No.   Gl.) 

Of  the  total  value  of  products  of  the  canning  and  preserving  industry  for  the  United  States, 
amounting  to  $108,505,471  in  1905,  the  largest  item  was  canned  vegetables,  the  value  of 
which  was  $45,2(52.148,  or  41.7  per  cent,  of  the  total.  Canned  and  dried  fruits  were  next, 
with  a  value  of  $27,308. 820.  The  value  of  fish  amounted  to  $25,547,075,  of  which  canned 
fish  amounted  to  $1(5, '18:^,779,  smoked  fish  to  $2,3(52,740,  and  salted  fish  to  $0,200,556.  The 
value  of  oysters  canned  was  $3,799,412.  ,        .    ,  •      iv. 

The  following  is  a  summary  statement  of  the  canning  and  preserving  mdustry  in  tho 
United  States  in  ly05^  Number  of  establishments,  2,703;  capital.  $70,082.07C.;  number  of 
salaried  officials,  clerics  etc.,  3,024;  salaries,  $3,236,138;  wage-earners,  average  number, 
50,238;  total  wages,  $14,218,170;  miscellaneous  expenses,  $8,500,984;  cost  of  materials  used, 
S70,058.0S0;  value  of  products.  $108,505,471.  ,     ,    ^     .        ^^ 

Although  some  pctablishments.  at  which  fruits  and  vegetables  are  packed  during  the 
Summer  and  oysters  during  the  Winter,  are  running  the  greater  part  of  the  year  the  strict 
fruit  and  vegetable  canning  establishments  are  operated  only  during  a  part  of  the  year. 
The  time  in  operation  varies  according  to  the  locality  and  the  kind  of  goods  packed.  \\  hile 
some  plants  are  able  to  commence  tho  canning  of  early  peas  and  small  fruits  in  the  latter 
part  of  Mav,  and  others  continue  the  packing  of  apples  into  December,  the  busy  season  lor 
most  comes  during  the  months  of  July.  August,  September  and  October,^  September  being 
the  month  of  greatest  activity.  A  comparatively  small  number  of  operatives  are  also  em- 
ployed during  the  Winter  months  in  labelling,  wrapping  and  packing— preparing  the  product 
for  shipping— and  in  many  factories  where  they  manufacture  their  own  cans  the  can- 
makers  are  employed  throughout  the  year.  ,       ,  ,,  .        ■    ■>     ,.        ^^.,„, 

The  canning  of  vegetables  is  the  most  important  branch  of  the  canning  industrj  ,  toi  m- 
ing  3<5.1  per  cent,  of  the  total  value  of  products  in  1900,  and  41.7  per  cent,  in  IJO.k  In 
the  value  of  products  for  this  part  of  the  industry  Maryland  ranked  first  and  New  \orK 
second,  both  in  1900  and  1905.  Indiana  was  fourth  in  1900  and  third  inlOO.j;  Illinois  j\ as 
sixth  in  li)00  and  fourth  in  1905.  and  California  dropped  from  third  in  190()  to  eighth  m  IJOo. 

The  climatic  conditions  in  Southern  California  have  made  the  State  famous  for  tne 
fine  quality  of  its  fruits.  The  natural  outcome  has  been  to  give  this  State  firs-t  rank  m  tne 
value  of  both  canned  and  dried  fruits  produced.  In  1900  California  produced  t»4. 9  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  canned  and  01.2  per  cent,  of  the  total  value  of  fl'-'^d  fruits  leported 
in  the  United  States.  In  1905,  59.9  per  cent,  of  the  total  value  of  ^f^^^'^^^^'lV/^^^f^Vl.  ied 
country  was  reported  from  this  State,  v.^mle  its  percentage  of  the  tota  ^'^'"^  ^t  diiea 
fruits  was  increased  to  SS.l  per  cent,  of  the  total  for  the  country.  Maryland  held  second 
rank   in   the   value   of   fruit   canned,    and   New   York   ranked   third   m   value   of   canned   and 

second   in  value  of  dried   fruits.  ^  ^  ^    ,•„    iQn=:     r.,.r./i,ir-ino- 

Mississippi  led  all  the  other  States  in  value  of  oysters  canned  in  190o,  producing 
$1  502  497.  The  other  three  leading  States,  ranked  according  to  value  of  products,  were. 
South 'Carolina,   $508,239;   Louisiana,   $509,325;   Georgia,   $256,750. 

CANNING    PRODUCTION    IN    DETAIL. 
The  following  are  the  returns  of  production  in  detail  in  1905: 

VEGETABLES. 
Tomatoes-Cases,  9,301.264;  value.   $13,885,109.     Corn-Cases    11209,397;  value,  $15  952 - 
066.     Peas-Cases,    4.694,492;    value,    $7.02S,7r,l.     Beans-Cases.    2.517^49;    value     $3  9 < 2.3.32. 
Pumpkins— Cases.   244,4.57;   value.   $345,337.     S>.veet   potatoes— Cases.    192,99<,   value,    $284,3bo. 
Other— Cases,    1,213,134;   value,   $2,694,068.      Total  value,   $45,202,148. 

FRUITS. 

Peaches-Cases,  1.302.876;  value.  $3,894,272.  Pears-Cases^  '^^^.■6'^i...^;^\V,%  !?dr?ieSl 
Anrirots— Cases  5.39  082-  value  $1,638,719.  Apples— Cases.  486,94o;  value,  $<32. 128.  Cherries— 
cS?1l7%l3TvS2r$818!i57l:  Vlums-Case?.^98  313;  value,  $495,303.  .f^^^'^^l^l^-S-^ll^,:, 
177.227;  value,  $409,452.  Blackberries-Cases,  164,429:  value.  ?2S5  482  ^v^t^V  vltn7 
Cases.     141,527;    value,     $342,985.       Other-Cases,    $386,452;    value,     $83o,044.       xotal    value, 

$11,644,042.  „„,.,^,. 

*     '  DRIED   FRUITS. 

Raisins-Pounds.  121.409,881;  value,  $6,349,381.  Prunes-Pounds.  117.808,181;  value. 
$3,299,628.  Apples-Pounds,  40,737.089;  value.  $1.7o8,610.  Peachds-Pounds,  ^o,861  ().4. 
value.  $1,702,205.  Apricots-Pounds,  19,.559.573:  value,  $1  410,838.  Other-Pounds,  18.20o,- 
825;  value,  $1,144,122.     Total  pounds,   343,579,623;   total  value,  $15,664,7^4- 

CANNED   PISH. 
Salmon-Pounds,    160.771,537;    value,    .T.11.843..521.      Sardines-Pounds     87.224  .524;    value, 
$4,380,498.     Shrimp— Pounds,   3,757,310;   value,   $345,716.      Mackerel— Pounds     1,568, 4u0;    value, 
$114,702.      Crabs— Pounds.    225,432;    value,   $58,753.      Clams- Pounds.    94o,:.12;    value     $i)4  729. 
Other- Pounds,  745,670;  value,  $63,175.     Total  pounds,  284,236,435;  total  value,  $16,861,094. 

SMOKED   FISH. 
Herring-Pounds.  19,192,2.52;  value,  $579,8.52.     Salmon-Pounds,  6.63.3,500;  value.  ?791.1S4. 
Finnan  haddie-Pounds.  3,014.160;  value.  $174,234.     Halibut-Pouiuls,  2.097.20o;  value.  $274  - 
U8      Sturgeon— Pounds.  1,. 591. 800;  value.  $345,700.     Other— Pounds,  2,310,642;  value,  $197, 50^ 
Total   pounds,    .35,439,019;    total   value,   $2,362,740. 

SHELL    FISH. 
Canned     Products.— Oysters-Pounds.      53.935.107;     value,     $3,415,186.        Clams-Pounds, 
2.880.095;     value,     $219,426.       Shrimp-Pounds.     1.330.085;     value.     $133  215.       Crabs-Pounds, 
21T,424-  value,  $44,199.     Other— Pounds.  384,5(55;  value.  .$34,798,     All  other  products,  $139,41o. 
Total  poupds,  '58,753.876;  total  value,  $3,840,824.     Agrgi-egrate  value,  $3,986,239. 


394 


MoHalitij  Statistics. 


i^ortalitj>  <Stati?stics- 


The  Census  Office  published  in  1906  a  report  of  Mortality  Statistics  ot  States  and  cities  which  have 
lawsor  ordinances  requiring  the  registration  of  deaths.  It  covered  the  years  1900  to  1904,  inclusive, 
and  in  1904  represented  a  population  of  32,996.989.  The  total  number  of  deaths  reported  was5.31,354, 
the  rate  per  1,000  of  the  population  being  16.7.  But  ten  States  and  the  District  of  Columbia  with 
certain  cities  were  included  lu  the  Registration  Area.  The  Census  enumeration  of  1900,  which  fol- 
lows, covered  the  whole  United  States  so  far  as  returns  could  be  obtained. 


DEATHS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES    IN    CEFJSUS    YEAR    1900. 

(Compiled  from  the  Keport  of  the  Census  Office. ) 


States  and  Tkrkitoribs. 


Total. 


The  United  States 

Registration  record 


1.039,094 


Registration  States 

Cities  in  registration  States 

Rural  part  of  registration  Stat e.s. 
Registration  cities  in  other  States 
Nou-  registration 


A  labama , 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California    

Colorado  

Connecticut 

Delawai-e 

District  of  Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois  

Indiana  

Indian  Territory  .... 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana  

Maine 

Maryland  

Mas.sachusetts 

INIichigan    

ISlinnesota 

Mississippi 

Mi.ssouri 

Montana 

Nebraska  

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jei-sey  

New  Mexico  

New  York 

North  Carolina  

North  Dakota  

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Penn.sj'lvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina  , 

South  Dalvota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah , 

"Vermont 

Virginia 

\\'a.shington   

West  Virginia    

AViseonsin 

AVvoming 


512,669 


301,670 
191,667 
110,0o3 
210,999 
526,  425 


Male. 


Female. 


551,611!  487,483 


272,8191  239,850 


Wliite, 
Total. 


892,092 


^Vhite, 
Kative. 


"White, 
Foreign. 


694,736  175t252 


475,6401  337,288 


157,745 

100,041 

57.704 

115.074 


143,925 
91,626 
52.299 
95.925 


278,792  247,633 


25. 699 

1. 223 

22,518 

22.506 

7,428 

15,422 

3.075 

6.364 

0.482 

26,941 

1,242 
61, 229 
33,586 

5,286 
19,573 
16,261 
27,001 
20,955 
12.148 
20, 422 
49, 75«> 
33,572 
17,005 
20,251 
38,084 

2.188 

8,264 
438 

7,400 
32.735 

2,674 

130.268 

21.068 

•A '287 
53,362 

3.181 

3.396 
90,199 

8,176 
17,166 

3,088 
30,572 
34,160 

3,079 

5.829 
25, 2.52 

4,910 

9  588 

24,928 

767 


12.970 
750 
11.813 
13,998 
4,471 
7.902 
1.644 
3,274 
3, 520 
13,321 
762 
33,641 
17.454 
2.795 
10,6i2 
8.978 
13.843 
10.971 
6.292 
10,526 
25.352 
18,084 
9.354 
10,299 
20. 480 
1,387 
4,480 
290 
3. 663 
17.  462 
1,455 
68,6^8 
10,427 
1, 159 
28,648 
1.741 
2.019 
49.150 
4.132 
8,461 
1,654 
15,354 
18,045 
1,821 
2,936 
13.112 
3.148 
,5,046 
l;i,815 
45v: 


292,618 
184.408 
108. 210 
183,022 
416.452 


210.918 
121,490 
86,428 
126,370 
357,448 


126,465 


12,729 
473 
10,705 
8.508 
2,957 
7,520 
1,431 
3.()90 
2, 962 
13,620 
480 
27.588 
16,132 
2,491 
8,961 
7. 283 
13,248 
9.984 
5,856 
9.896 
24,404 
15,488 
7.051 
9, 952 
17.604 
801 
3,784 
]48 
3,737 
15, 273 
1,219 
61,620 
10,641 
1.128 
24,714 
1,440 
1.377 
41.049 
4,044 
8.705 
1.434 
15.218 
16,115 
1 .  258 
2,893 
12.140 
1.762 
4,542 
11,113 
315 


12. 937 

J>47 

16, 372 

21,081 

7,210 

15,048 

2, 490 

3,660 

•3,408 

13.094 

1.075 

59,618 

32.312 

3,936 

19,362 

15.209 

22.035 

10. 2.50 

12,112 

15.341 

49,061 

33.205 

16.836 

7,444 

34.959 

1.930 

8,0lr> 

349 

7,388 

31,069 

2.398 

127.332 

13,217 

2.046 

51.481 

2.704 

3.176 

8<).653 

7,939 

5. 808 

2,448 

21,  (291 

26.216 

2,972 

5.804 

14  07(i 

4,594 

9.074 

24,747 

651 


12,308 

681 

15.804 

13,687 

4, 856 

10.800 

2,134 

2, 989 

2.943 

12,637 

850 

42.545 

28.307 

3.863 

14.089 

ll,6'.rl 

19.047 

8,465 

10.497 

12,  177 

34,952 

24.068 

10.318 

7.120 

29.383 

1.0i>9 

6,042 

201 

5.848 

22,829 

2, 228 

88,479 

12,  805 

1.291 

40,219 

2,663 

2,412 

67.229 

5.571 

5.605 

1.672 

20,257 

23. 526 

1,934 

4.8S5 

13.472 

3,o;5 

8,651 

15,298 

474 


78,077 
58.096 
19,981 
48,388 
48,787 


Ci>]ore<I, 
ToUl. 

T47,002 


37.029 


341 1 

2191 

280 

6.874 

1,233 

3,941 

236 

616 

381 

-     2.57 

189 

16. 052 

3,247 

37 

4.240 

1,720 

1,221 

1,670 

1.487 

2.391 

13,645 

8,752 

6,285 

150 

4.771 

534 

1.737 

137 

1,0771 

7,915 

116 

37,505' 

63' 

715 

9.;556 

113; 

632 

16.354 

2,295 

144] 

751 

5111 

2,136; 

983 

844 

439, 

1.211 

3: 58 

8,974' 

137i 


9,052 

7,250 

1,793 

27.977 

109,973 

12,7C.«2 

276 

0,146 

1, 425 

218 

374 

585 

2,704 

3.074 

13,847 

1(57 

1,611 

1.274 

1,350 

211 

1,052 

5,056 

10,705 

36 

5,081 

695 

367 

1») 

12.807 

3, 125 

258 

2-i9 

89 

12 

1,066 

276 

2.936 

7,851 

241 

1,881 

477 

220 

3,546 

237 

11,358 

640 

0.543 

7,944 

107 

25 

11,182 

316 

514 

181 

116 


The  Census  y^ar  ended  May  31,  1900. 

In  the  summaries  of  the  results  the  data  are  classed  as  "registration"  and  "non-registration," 
according  lO  the  source  irom  which  theoriginal  r.-turns  were  obtained.  The  non-registration  cla^ 
fncludes  the  areas  in  which  the  deaths  were  reported  by  the  enumerators,  and  those  areas  in  which 
registration  was  too  defective  to  lie  accepted. 

The  average  age  at  death  iu  189(;  was  31. X  years  ;  in  1900  it  w;vs  35. 2  yeprs. 


Moietality  Statistics. 


395 


iM  O RT A  L I T Y   STAT  1  ST  1 CS—  Coniinued. 


The  cfUo«  with  a  population  above  100.000  sEiowod  the  lollowiug  death  rales  for  1000  and 

19011.     1?90 


I'.iOO.  1^90. 

\Va.shirif;ton V-'.K  -yi   7 

BostKii yo.i  V):-;..l 

F.iU  Uiver nA  y;i.'.' 

Worcester,  Mass. . .  1  => .  5  18.0 

Detroit 17.1  18.7 

JerseyCity 'JO. 7  2S.6 

Newark,  N.J 19.8  'i7.4 

r.ife:s(iii,  N.  .) 19.0  -il .'1 

Batfnlo.  N.Y 14.8  18.4 


1900.  18911, 

llMchostcr,  \.y 15.0  17.3 

Syr.aiMse,  N.V.....l:i.S  19  6 

I'rovidence 19.9  i'1.1 

I.08   Aii!;eles;^'.ll..l8.1  '.'0.0 

.S.i-i  Francisco 20.5  22. .5 

Denver 18.6  23.0 

(;hicao;<.   16.2  19.1 

New  Vork 20.4  *'J5.3 

Inli.<inap;>lis. 16.7  17.3 


Loiii-ville.... 
Nbw  Orleans  , 
Haltim 're  . ... 
Minneapolis  . . 

St.  Paul , 

Kansas  (^ity... 
St.  .Joseph.. .., 
.St.  Li'iiis. . .. . , 
Cincinnati  . . . . 


.20.0 
.■L'8.9 
.21.0 
.10.8 
.  9.7 
.17.4 
.  9.1 
.17.9 
.19.1 


20.1 
26.3 
22.9 
\?,.b 
14.9 
17.3 

17.4 
21.0 


19011. 

Cleveland 17.1 

Columbus 1,5.8 

Tilled') Ui.O 

Allegheny.  •'» 18.4 

Philadelphia 21.2 

Piltsbur-h 20.0 

Scranton,   Pa 20.7 

Men;phis 25.1 

Milwaukee 15.9 


1890 1 

,  18911 
2o  2 
14.7 
18. » 
18.2 
21.3 
20.1 
•Jl  .8 
2.^.3 
18  8 


■*  Estimated. 

St.  .Fo.sej>h,  Mo.,  with  a  death  rate  of  9.1  perl, 000,  showed  the  lowest  mortality,  and  Slufvc 
La.,  with4o.  5  the  highest. 


port. 


CAUSES   OF   DEATH    IN    THE   CENSUS   YEAR    1900. 

NU^rBKR  OF  DE.^TIIS  FROM  CERTAIN  CAUSES,    WITH  PROPORTKJN  FROM  P'.ACH 
CAUSE  PER  100,000  FROM   ALL  CAUSES,    IN    1900  AND  1890. 


Causes  of  Death. 


Consumption* 

Pneumonia 

Heart  dis  asef 

Diarrhoea!  di>e;tsfest  .. 

I'nkno"  u  causes 

DiseasiS'  f  th'  kidneys  § 

Typhoid  fever 

Cancer . 

Old  age  

Apoplexy 

inflammation     of     the 
biain  :ind  meningitis. . 

Chvlera  infantum 

l'ar.ilysi-i|| 

Bronchitis 

D.-bility  and  atmphj'... 

Influenza 

Diphtheria 

Convulsions . . 

Malarial  fever 

Premature  birth 


1900. 


Number. 


lll,0-.9 
105,971 
69,315 
46,90: 
40,539 
36,724 
35,379 
29.4:5 
29,222 
26,901 

:.5,664 
25.576 
23,865 
20,223 
17,28V 
16,|-,45 
16.475 
15,5'i5 
1-1,874 
14,720 


Propor- 
tion. 


Number. 


10,688 
10,198 
6.671 
4,514 
3,9.11 
3,534 
3,405 
2,837 
2,812 
2,569 

2,470 
2,461 
2,297 
1,946 
1,663 
1,60-' 
1..586 
1,492 
1,431 
1,417 


1890. 


102,199 
76.4'.i6 
44.969 
47,201 
34,286 
19,4n7 
27,058 
18,536 
16.591 
11,999 


Propor- 
tion. 


1J.146 
9,091 
5,34:; 
5,610 
4,074 
2,312 
3.216 
2,203 
1,972 
1,783 


Causes  of  Death. 


17,775 

2,113 

27,510 

3,269 

16,570 

1,969 

21,422 

2,546 

2.%536 

3,035 

12,957 

1,540 

27,815 

3,306 

li;,598 

1,9:3 

18,594 

.       2,210 

7.63  i 

90S 

Diseases  of  the  stomacli^ 

Measles 

Croup 

Distas  s  of  ihi'  liver**. 
Diseases  of  the  brain.. 

Inanition 

Dropsy 

Whooping  cough 

Periiouitis 

Uailro  :d  iiccidents  .... 

Sejiticiemia 

Burns  and  scalds 

Si-arlet  fever 

Suicide 

Drowniiifr 

.Appendicitis 

liheunvtism 

1  'iabetis 

Ily  dioci-phnlus 

.Cerebri  -spinal  fever  . . 
(iunsliot  u  ouads 


1900. 


Number. 


13,484 

12,866 

12,484 

12,249 

ll,4i;9 

11,38J 

11,264 

9,958 

7,a01 

6,930 

6,7/6 

6,772 

6,333 

5,498 

5,387 

5,111 

6,067 

4,672 

4,3ii2 

4,174 

4.060 


Propor- 
tion. 


1,'.'98 

1,238 

1,201 

l,17'.i 

1,104 

1,095 

]  ,084 

958 

722 

667 

65-.' 

652 

609 

529 

518 

49: 

488 

450 

414 

40.- 

391 


1890. 


Number. 


8,080 
9,256 

13,862 
9,460 

lv,322 
6,995 

111,070 
8,432 
4,>.i95 
5,756 
3,748 
3,850 
5,969 
3,932 
5,104 

4.508 
2,407 
4,338 
3,33;: 
2,552 


Propor- 
tion. 


960 

1,100 

1,<:47 

1,124 

1,464 

831 

1,197 

1 ,002 

594 

684 

445 

458 

7(.9 

467 

607 

536 
286 
516 
396 
303 


■4.  Incluiling  cholera  morbus,   colitis,  diarrhoea,  dysentery, 
general   paralysis  of   the   insane.  ^  Including  gastritis, 


*  Including  gener;il  tuberculosis.        f  Including  pericarditis, 
ami    enteritis.  §  Including   Bight's   diease.  i|  Including 

**  Including  jaundice,  and  inllammatiun  and  abscess  of  the  livc-r. 

This  table  serves  only  to  indicate  the  relative  frequency  of  deaths  from  the  specified  causes,  as 

reported.    It  should  be  considered  iu  connection  with  tlie  following  table,  wliicli  gives  the  nnnilx'r-of 

deaths  due  to  the  same  cau.ses  iu  the  registration  area,  with  the  death  rates  per  100,000  of  population. 

DEATHS  FROM  CERTAIN  CAUSES  IN   THE  REGISTRATION   ARE.\   IN  1900  AND  1890, 

WITH  DEATH  RATES  DUE  TO  EACH  CAUSE,    PER    100,000  OP  POPULATION. 

r 


Causes  of  Death. 


Pneumonia 

Consumption* 

H'-art  diseasef 

Diarrhceal  disi-a-^es*.  ... 
Dis  .<is6i  of  the  kidneysj 

Apoplexy , 

Cince" 

OM  a.'e 

B'onoliitis 

Ch  dera  infantum 

D-!ii'ityand  atrophy.. 
Infl.immaiion    of     the 
b  ain  and  meningitis. 

Diphtheria    

Typhoid  fever 

Prem-.tnre  birth 

Convulsions 

Paralysisll..  

Inanition 

Influenza 

Diseasesof  the  I'ver  *\ . . 


1900. 

Number. 

Rate. 

55,296 

191.9 

54,898 

l;:0.5 

38,608 

134.0 

24.509 

s.';..! 

24,104 

8:i.7 

19.173 

66.6 

r,296 

60.0 

15,5.78 

54.0 

13,9: '3 

48.3 

l:;,7.58 

47.8 

13,108 

45.5 

12,02'-, 

41.8 

10,201 

::5.4 

9,749 

33.3 

9. 690 

33.7 

9.522 

3:!.l 

9,150 

32.8 

7,8,59 

27.3 

6,882 

23.9 

6,5 '4 

22.71 

1890. 


Number.     Hate. 


36,752 

48,236 

23,9-;9 

20,457 

11,736 

9,631 

9,410 

8,82:; 

14,6.32 

16,659 

17,427 

9,6i;6 
13,786 
9.097 
4,948 
11,050 
6,980 
5,445 
1,215 
4.742 


186.9 
245.4 

\n.>. 

104.1 
59.7 
49.0 
47.9 
44.9 
74.4 
79.7 
88.6 

49.1 
70.1 
46.:; 
25.2 
56.3 
35.5 
27.7 
6.2 
24.2 


Causes  of  Death 


Diseases  of  the  stomach'^ 
Diseas 'S  of  the  brain.. . 

Peritonitis 

Unknown  cause.s 

Measles 

K:iilroad  accidents 

Whooping  cough 

.Suicide 

Scarlet  fever 

Hydrocephalus 

Drowning 

Septicwmia 

Appendicitis 

Croup 

Dial.etes  

Bums  and  scalds 

Malar'al  fever 

Ce'ebro-spinal  fever. . . 

Dropsy 

Rheumatism 

(iunshot  wounds 


1900. 


Number. 


5,743 
5,357 
5,028 
4.849 
3,801 
3,792 
3,669 
3,400 
3,:;27 
3.173 
3,1. ^2 
2,867 
2,858 
'J,8-'0 
2,693 
2,545 
2,526 
2,039 
1,979 
1,951 
1,103 


Rate. 


20.0 

18.6 

17.5 

16.8 

13.2 

13.2 

12.7 

U.S 

11.5 

11.0 

11.0 

10.0 

9.9 

9.8 

9.4 

8.S 

8.8 

7.1 

6.9 

6.8 

3.8 


1890. 


Number. 


3,565 
6,055 
3,419 
4,827 
2.662 
2,761 
3.098 
2,027 
2,6S2 
3,03:1 
2,.543 
l,r,17 

.5',432 
1,089 
1,081 
3,773 
1,241 
2,0.34 
1,587 
479 


Rate. 


18.1 
30.9 
17.4 
24.6 
IS. 5 
14.0 
15.8 
10.3 
13.6 
15.4 
12.9 
7.7 

"2V.6 
6.5 
5.5 

19.2 
6.3 

10.3 
8.1 
2.4 


*  Includinggener.:!  tuberculos'B.        f '-'eluding  pericarditis.        J  Including  cholera  morbus,  colitis,  diarrhtea,  dysentery. 


and  enteritis.         §  I'clud.og  Bright's  di.iease 


inflammation  and  abscess  of  the  liver.    ■•**  Including  g:istrit;s 


Inclndin'.;  general   piralysisof   the   insane.  ^  Including  jaund.ce,  and 


The  following  was  the  death  rate  per  thousand  in  various  countries  in  1900:  Austria,  2.5.4; 
Belgium,  19.3;  Den ina!-i<,  16.9;  Eiiglan-l  and  Wales,  18.2;  France,  'il.O;  German  Empire,  22.1; 
Hungary,  26. 9;  Ireland,  19.G;Ttilv,  23.8;  Netherlands,  17.8;  Norway,  1.5.9;  Scotland,  18.5; 
Spaia,  28.9;  Sweden,  16.8;  Switzerland,  19.3;  United  States  (registratioa  area),  17.6. 


396 


JPrisoiiers'   Commutation   2\ihle. 


Statistics  ni  J^omicilft^ 


In   the   Independent    of    April    11,    1007,    James    Edgar    Blsun 
statistics   of  homicide   in   principal   countries   of   the   world: 

Josiah  Strong's   "Social  Progress"   for  1906  gives  the  following 
the  annual  average: 


contributed  the   following 
table  of  homicides  and 


Tried. 

Italy     3,G0G 

Austria     689 

France     S47 

Belgium    132 

The  average  number 
years,   from  1885  to  1904, 
and    in    1S95    there   were 
fraction;    in    the    United 


Con- 
victed. Tried. 

151  Hungary     

54  Holland     :i5 

21  Germany    5b7 

1,085 

of  murders  in  the  United  States  annually  during  the  past 
was  6,597.     In  1890  the  murders  reached  high-water  mark, 

lO.ijOO.     In   Germany   the    convictions   equalled   95   per   cent. 

States,    1.3   per   cent. 


Con- 

victed. 

Tried. 

2,805 

England     . . 

318 

499 

Ireland    .... 

129 

580 

Scotland     . . 

60 

101 

Spain     

1,584 

Con- 

ViCtnil. 

62.-> 

28 

476 

twenty 
10,062, 
and   a 


In   this   connection,    the   nationalities   of   the   homicides   in   the   United   States   will   be   of 
interest.     August  Drahm   gives   the  following:     Native   white,    42.94   per   cent.;    foreign  born, 
16.50  per  cent.;  negroes,  37.12  per  cent.;  Chinese  and  Japs,   1.28  per  cent.;  civilized  Indians, 
J. 21  per  cent. 

HOMICIDE    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

The  statistics  of  the  United  States  Census  for  1000  had  not  been  pablished  by  the 
Census  Office  when  THE  WORUD  ALMANAC  for  1908  was  ready  for  the  press.  The 
special  report  of  the  Census  Office  is  in  course  of  preparation.  The  latest  official  statistics, 
therefoi-e,  are  for  1890. 

The  census  bulletin  presenting  statistics  of  homicide  in  the  United  States  in  1890  was 
prepared  by  Frederick  H.  Wines,  special  agent  on  pauperism  and  crime.  The  following  is 
the  summing  up  of  the   results   of  his   investigations: 

Of  !s2,329  prisoners  in  the  United  States  June  1,  1890,  the  number  charged  with  homicide 
was  7,3S6,   or  s.97  per  cent. 

Omitting  35  who  were_  charged  with  double  crimes,  6,958  of  thorn  (or  94.65  per  cent.) 
were  men,  and  393  (or  5.3o  per  cent.)   were  women. 

As  to  color,   4,425  were  white,   2.739  negroes,   94  Chinese,   1  Japanese,   and  92  Indians. 
As  to  the  nativity  of  the  4.425  whites,   3,157  v/ere  boim  in  the  United  Slates,    1,213  were 
foreign  born,   and  the  birthplace  of  55  is  unknown. 

The  number  employed  at  the  time  of  their  arrest  was  5,659;  unemployed,  1,225;  un- 
known, 467. 

of   973,    in   respect   of   use   of   intoxicating  liquors,    are   not   stated.     The   re- 
are    classed    as    follows:     Total    abstainers,    1,282;    occasional    or    moderate 
drunkards,    1.267. 

physical   cohdition,   6,149  were  in  good  health,   600  ill,   283  insane,   24  blind, 
2,nd   dumb,    18  idiots,   and  263   crippled, 
number    of    legal    executions    in    the    United 


The   habits 
maining    6,378 
drinkers,    3,829; 

As   to  their 
14  deaf 

The 
January  1,  1907,  was  1,514. 


States    in    the    twelve    years    ending 


jari.sontvs'  Citommutation  Gallic* 

The  following  tablw  shows  the  time  subtracted  for  uniformly  good  conduct  from  the  terms  to 
which  pri.sonei-s  are  sentenced  un<ler  tlie  regulations  in  force  in  the  State  prisons  of  New  York  : 


Skmtznce. 


Vears. 

1     

1>^ 


2 

4    .. 

4H. 
6  ., 
5V>.. 

6  ". 

7  . 

8  . 
81*.., 

9  '. 

10    . 

10>^. 


( 1 

Rkmainikg             1 

(  OMMUTATION. 

Short   I'ekm. 

Years. 

Months. 

Days. 

Vi-ars. 

Months. 

Days. 

2 

30 

3 

1 

3 

4 

1 

8 

6 

, , 

2 

,  , 

8 

2 

4 

10 

, , 

2 

8 

., 

I 

3 

1 

•7 

15 

3 

3 

15 

1 

O 

3 

i 

1 

i 

15 

3 

10 

15 

1 

10 

4 

2 

2 

15 

4 

o 

15 

2 

3 

4 

9 

2 

5 

15 

5 

15 

2 

8 

, 

5 

4 

2 

10 

15 

5 

7 

15 

3 

1 

5 

11 

3 

3 

16 

6 

2 

15 

3 

6 

6 

6 

3 

8 

15 

« 

9 

15 

Sknten'ce. 


Years. 

11  ... 
11%... 

12  ... 

1-p;;;, 

14%... 

15  ... 
15^... 

16  ... 
16% 

17  ... 
17^... 

18  ... 
I8V2... 

19  ... 
10%... 

20  .... 

:'0    .... 


COM.MUTATION. 


TilMAININO 

Shost  'I'ekm. 


Ye:ir8.    Months.    Days.,  Ye.ais.    -Months.!  Days. 


3 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
6 
5 
5 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
7 
7 
7 
7 
11 


11 

1 
4 
6 
9 
11 
2 
4 
7 
9 

■2 
5 

7 
10 

:} 
6 

8 
10 


15 

i.-) 

15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 


/ 

8 

8 

8 

9 

9 

9 

30 

10 

10 

10 

11 
11 
11 

12 

12 
18 


1 
4 
8 

11 
3 
6 

10 
1 
5 
8 

3 

r- 
I 

10 
2 
5 
9 

4 
2 


15 
15 
15 
16 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 


2  months  off  first  year,  2  nion'hs  off  second  year,  4  months  oft'  third  vear,    4  1 
year,  5  months  off  fifth  year  and  6  mouths  off  each  subsequeut  year  after  five  years 


months  off  fourth 


l^risoners  in  the    United   States..  397 

The  Censiiis  Office  published  in  1007  a  special  report  on  prisoners  and  juvenile  delin- 
quents in  Institutions  in  the  United  States.  The  enumerations  are  for  l'JO-1,  when  the 
census   was  taken.     The   following  is  a  summary  from  the  report; 

The  number  of  institutions  in  the  United  States  June  30,  1904,  was  1,337,  classified 
as  follows;  United  States  civil  i)risous,  4;  State  prisons  and  State  and  County  penlt.-n- 
tiaries,  t»7;  reformatories  for  adults,  14;  County  jails  and  worlchouses,  1,181;  municipal 
prisons  and  workhouses,   71. 

ISxclusive  of  the  juvenile  delinquents  in  special  institutions  for  that  class,  and  exclusive 
of  persons  imprisoned  for  the  non-payment  of  fines,  81,772  sane  persons  at  least  five  yeais 
of  age  were  sei-ving  sentences  in  civil  prisons  on  June  30,  1004.  Out  of  every  million 
persons  in  the  estimated  population  of  that  date  1,006  were  prisoners. 

Possibly  the  greater  leniency  in  the  present  treatment  of  the  criminal  affects  the 
female  offenders  more  than  the  male,  for  the  proportion  of  women  among  prisoners  has 
constantly  decreased.  In  1880  women  formed  8.5  per  cent,  of  the  prisoners;  in  1800,  7.8 
per  cent.;  and  in  1894,  5.5  per  cent.  The  decrease  between  1800  and  1004  is  common  to 
all   sections  of  the  country. 

Colored  i>ersons  were  more  common  among  the  prisoners  on  June  30,  1904,  than  they 
were  on  June  1,  1890.  In  1904  the  percentage  of  colored  was  32.0,  while  in  1800  it  was 
30.4.  This  increase  in  the  proportion  of  colored  prisoners  is  shown  by  all  the  geographic 
divisions  of  the  country  except  the  South  Atlantic  and  the  Western.  It  was  particularly 
notable  in  the  North  Central  States,  where  14.2  per  cent,  of  the  prisoners  enumex'ated  in 
1800  were  colored  as  contrasted  with  20.5  per  cent,   in  1904. 

MINOR    OFFENCES    MOST    COMMON. 

In  the  country  as  a  whole  34,753  persons  were  sentenced  for  drunkenness,  28,339  for 
vagrancy,  and  17,264  for  disorderly  conduct.  In  other  v/ords,  more  than  one-half  of  the 
total  number  of  prisoners  committed  during  the  year  were  sentenced  for  some  one  of  these 
three  closely  allied  offences.  No  less  than  25,098  prisoners  (16.8  per  cent,  of  the  total 
number)  were  sentenced  for  larceny;  10.877  (7.3  per  cent.)  for  assaults,  and  7,161  (4.8  per 
cent.)  for  burglary.  Of  the  remaining  offences  homicide  showed  the  largest  number— 2,444, 
or  1.6  per  cent,   of  the  total. 

SHORT    SENTENCES    IMPOSED. 

Ririoe  such  a  large  proportion  of  the  total  number  of  prisoners  had  been  committed  for 
nnnor  offences,  it  naturally  follows  that  a  large  proportion  were  committed  for  short 
terms.  In  corainental  United  States  42,755.  or  28.6  per  cent,  of  the  total  number,  were 
stntenc-ed  to  imprisonment  for  less  than  thirty  days,  and  97,759,  or  65.4  per  cent.,  for  less 
than  four  months.  The  proportion  of  short  sentences  varies  widely  in  different  States,  but 
tliJs  variation  does  not  stand  in  as  close  relation  to  the  proportion  of  minor  offenders  a9 
might  be  expected.  The  figures,  in  fact,  indicate  wide  divergences  between  different  States 
in  the  length  of  sentence  imposed  for  similar  offences, 

DEATH    SENTENCES. 

Of  the  106  persons  committed  to  prison  under  death  sentence  99  had  been  convicted 
of  homicide,  4  of  assaults,  2  of  rape,  and  1  of  a  double  crime,  murder  being  one  of  them. 
Two  women  paid  the  death  penalty  for  homicide. 

Life  sentences  were  imposed  upon  040  prisoners,  of  whom  586  were  convicted  of  homi- 
cide, 28  of  rape,  12  of  burglary,  4  of  robbery,  3  of  larcenj',  2  of  arson,  1  of  assault,  1  of 
the  crime  against  nature,  1  of  perjury,  1  of  an  unclassified  crime  against  property,  and  1 
of  a  crime  not  stated.     Twenty  women  were  committed  during  1904  on  a  life  sentence. 

CRIMINALITY    OP    COLORED. 

Among  the  149,691  prisoners  committed  during  1904,  125,093  were  white  and  24,598  col- 
ored, of  whom  186  were  Mongolians  and  714  Indians.  In  other  words^  16.4  per  c  nt.  of  the 
total  number  of  prisoners  committed  during  the  year  were  colored.  Of  the  genernl  popula- 
tion in  1900  the  colored  formed  only  12.1  per  cent.  Since  it  cannot  be  presumed  that  the 
proportion  of  colored  in  the  population  increased  materially  between  1900  and  1904,  it  is 
evident  that  the  colored  contributed  to  the  prison  class  in  excess  of  their  representation  in 
the  general  population.  This  condition  is  not  "^confined  to  any  one  section  of  the  country, 
for  the  figures  show  that  it  obtained  in  every  State  and  Territory,  except  North  Dakota 
and  Arizona,   where  the  colored  population   is  composed  chiefly  of  Indians. 

The  colored,  moreover,  formed  a  larger  percentage  of  the  prisoners  convicted  of  the 
more  .serious  crimes  than  they  did  of  those  who  had  been  sentenced  for  the  lesser  offences. 
They  foi^med  31.5  per  cent,  of  the  major  offenders  and  only  13  per  cent,  of  the  minor. 

CRIMINALITY  OF  FOREIGN  BORN. 

Of  the  white  prisoners  of  known  nativity  35,093,  or  28.8  per  cent.,  were  foreign  born. 
The  figures  for  the  separate  nationalities  of  foreign  born  show  that  persons  born  in 
Austria,  England,  and  Wales,  Ireland,  Italy,  Mexico,  and  Scotland  formed  a  larger  pro- 
portion of  the  foreign  born  prisoners  committed  during  1904  than  of  the  total  foreign 
born  population  In  1900.  This  was  not  true  of  the  persons  born  In  Canada,  Denmark,, 
France,  Germany,  Hungai-y,  Norway,  Poland,  Russia,  Sweden,  and  Switzerland.  The  last' 
mentioned  group  of  countries  furnished  58.8  per  cent,  of  the  foreign  born  population  of  1900, 
but  only  36.5  per  cent,  of  the  foreign  born  prisoners  committed  during  1904,  while  the 
first  mentioned  group  included  35.3  per  .cent,  of  the  population  and  59.3  per  cent,  of  the 
prisoners. 


398 


Statistics  of  J^irtks. 


f  COll- 

for  Uie 


The  Insane.— The  total  mimher  rif  iii-^nne  in  tlip  l^uittMi  stales  on  Jiuk'  1  3  890  (( 'ensn-?  of  Jlip 
Uu.ted.«tates.  was  106,485,  of  whom  74, 028  Ave.e  in  li.,sp-itals.  In  the  colleaion^" stan?t  c^  ol'  e 
I'lTl^L^"^  1'/^^  ^V*"",^-""  ^f^^^'i'''  Report  issued  A ugnst,  1906),  only  tlio  insano  in  hospitals  v.er 
sirieied  The.so  h:Kl  increaspd  toloO.lol  on  DeconilH" r  81.  Iii06.  Ti.e  uuaiberof  hospitals  J 
insane  had  increased  ni  thirteen  years  f  n.in  IH'2  in  1S90  to  8'28  in  lOO.S 

lnl903tlie  uunil>et  of  insane  males  in  hospitals  was  78,523,  an<l  insane  foninles  71  628  In 
proportion  to  pijpidation  there  were  more  white  than  nesrro  insane.  None  of  the  ins<'uie  in  lH)spita!s 
wereuiifier  twelve  years  ot  age.  'Die  maximum  concentration  oc-cnrred  l)etween  ages  tweniv-five 
f.V  ,  i« '^^^'       '^  ^'^''^^^-    l-'emale  insane  live  longer  than  male  insane,  and  while  insane  than  negro 

More  than  one-fourth,  27.8  percent,  of  the  hospital  insane  had  been  inmates  less  than  one  year 
less    hai,  one-sixteenth  per  cent,  had  heen  in  ho.spitals  at  least  twentv  years,  41.  6  per  cent    had  been' 
employed  as  laborers  and  serv;ints  before  becoming  inmates.  22.5  percent,    had   been  occupied  in 
aKncultuie     t ransportaiion   and   other  outdoor  pursuits,  and   16  per  cent     in   manufaclurint'  and 
mecha.Mcal  industries      <)t   the  328  hospitals  for  the  insane.  226^were  public  and  102  private    t 
character.^    1  heaniiual  cost  of  maintenance  of  insane  in  public  hospitals  approximated  .«;21,000  0(X) 

\*f<^,Vi'*'V,lf-'*'"'*^<^*^--""^  iiumhProf  feeble-minded  in  institutions  on  December  31  1903* 
w  r.f.n  i-o  n^r  ^T.r.'IY^^'VV^^'"'!^  1''?  ?'i'ip'"^'-'^f.  feeble-minded  in  the  general  population  is  not 
less  than  150.000.  Of  the  feeble-minded  m  instirutious  58  per  cent,  were  under  txvenlv  vars  of 
age.  and  8o  per  cent,  were  under  tliirty  years  of  aw.  Three-fifths  of  the  inmates  were  epileptics 
/♦.,  1  "V,"-  ^""  l*iunb.-l  he  total  uumljer  of  deaf  mutes  in  the  United  states  on  .)mie  1  ]!8\)0 
(the  late.st  Census  returns  on  the  subject),  was40,592-wbites,  37,447;  negroes  3  115-  others  30- 
males,  22,429;  fenudes.  18,163;  native-born  whites,  33,278;  foreisn-b..Vn  whites  4  i{i9'  '       ' 

101  V-q""J"  1*^''^^^?.'^^'^''^  ^"  ^^^^^  "■'^  ^«  ^^"  unable  to  hear  loud  conversation  on  .Tune'l.  1890,  was 
whites;  3"308n"^roes         "'^''^  ^°  ^^'''^^'     '^'^'^  ^^''^''  ^''^''^  ^^^'^'^^  m^iitis,  31,338  females,  77,308 

Ao  qSi'*'  '^''"'^•""X'A^.*,'^'^^^  number  of  blind  in  the  Uniied  States  on  .Tune  1,1890,  was  50,568-.whlles.'. 
43,351;  negroes    7.0bO;   others,  lo/;  males,  28.080;   females,  22,488;   initive-born  whites    34  205- 
foreign- born  whites,  9,146.     The  number  of  blind  in  one  eye  only  was  93.988.  ^^'"i<N  o4,zuo, 

T>«"'«cf«","'?o.!''  °^n^^A',?..^^^'"^'^V^  ■'"  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  in  1896,  accordinic  to  :^Iulhall,  was 
128,896,or  328  per  100,000  population;  .\ustria  (18VK),,51.880:  HuuKarv  (1890),  28  158  The  num- 
ber of  msane  lu  Germany  in  1884  was  108.100;  France,  93,900;  Russia,  "80.000 


In  European  cities  the  number  of  suicides  per 
29;  St.  Petersburg,  7;  Moscow,  11;  lierlin,36;  Vi 


her  of  suicides  per  100, 0<»()  inhabitants  is  as  follows;  Paris,  42-  Lvons 

1^  <-'^"0^'31;K"'-^«e'^lo;  Amsterdam, 14;  Lisbon, 2;  C'hristiania,25;  Stockholm, 27;  (;onstantinoole 
12;  (Teneva,  11;  Dresden,  51.     Madrid  and  f.isuon  shf)W  the  lowest,  Dresden  the  hi°-hest  fi-iire  ' 

1  he  average  annual  suicide  rate  in  countries  of  the  world  per  100,000  persons  livinuMs  eiven  bv 
Barker  as  follows:  .Sa^piiiy,  31.1;  Denmark,  2.-,.  8;  Schleswitr-Ifolstein,  24.0;  Anstria>21  2-  Swiize  •- 
land,  20.2;   France,  lo.  ,  ;  German  J^;nipi re.  14^3;   Hanover,  14.0;  Queensland,  13.5;  Prussia,  K 


of  suicide, 
years 


'^nmr.lfvo^?!     proportion  of  deaths  by  suicide,  according  to  age,  is  from  forty  to  forty -nine 
summer  appears  to  be  the  favorite  sea«on.  j  j 


The  Statesman's  Year 


P>ook  gives  the  fo'l 
,,     :ration,  except  i 
States  for  1900  have  not  yet  been  published 


lowinsr  returns  of  births  in  1900,  in  principal  F>nrop"nn 
jermany,  is  not  full.    The  Census  returns  of  1 "      "    ' 


countries.    The  birth  registration,  except  in  Germany,  is  not  full.    The  Census  returns  of  the  United 


COUNTRIKS. 


Aiistrlfi . . . 

>Iungftry 

England  .and  Wales 

Scotl.ind 

Ireland 

J'"r:ini;e 


Total  Number 
of  Births. 

768,673 
9'.i6,.304 
181,35.5 
101,459 

8'j:.''97 


Number  of 

Illegitimate 

liirtbs. 


i:«,933 

70.951 

36,814 

^,503 

V,102 

73,121 


COUNTRIKS. 


In 


fjermany 

Italy 

Norway 

Sweden 

Htissiu  (189S). 
SpTin 


Total  Number! 
uf  Bii'tlis.     ! 


2,"l.''),'286 

l,i'03,970 

67,013 

136,523 
5,769,al.S 

6'.'7,848 


Number  of 

llle^CitimHie 

Births. 

i8S",S04~" 

6:!,J0fi 

4,949 

15,o41 


tii«  v.^Sl^T}}?  Hiimame  de  !a  Fiance,"  ^f.  .1.  Bertillon  presents  the  following  table,  sliowing  tb«t 
niL  K  "  ^y^  ^''*^  '^^^^,  Prohficand  the  Germans  the  most  prolific  people  of  Fnrope:  Xunib-Mof  cbil- 
1^7"  ^^n^J^.^VrT^r'^i!^^".-'  per  1.000  women  of  15  to  60  yeai>i:  France,  102;  Ireland.  114:  i5..1i.^inm, 
,il,'.  w?,f.^^T^•^■^^=  Netherlands.  137:  Spam,  141;  Prussia,  1.50;  Bavaria,  1.56.  The  number  of  chil- 
■iluu-  i/"  '"  ^t'^^'V**  '"•  ^'^P^  ^^'^^  818,229,  the  smallest  number  registered  in  late  vears.  T  n  August, 
im  sm,  .i^M?^r  lu  i««q'  "'•"'J'fawaii.  gave  birth  lo  seven  children;  Mrs.  Snell,'  of  Malad,  Idaho 
on  beiiieinbfer,  19,  1889,  gave  birth  to  SIX  children.  ' 


The  Japanese  "Katlonal  Exposition  of  1912.  399 

■^  I-  / . — - — . , ■ — — . —  - .  ■         , 

Campa  J^stljmian  ^anal  laxpostttou  of  1910» 

A>'"  Exposition  of  the  industrial  arts  will  be  held  at  Tampa.  Florida,  from  .Tanuary  to  Mav.  1910, 
Inclusive,  to  commemorate  the  progressof  tlie  work  on  the  Panama  CaiinL  It  was  orig-inally  purposed 
to  hold  this  Exposition  in  1908,  but  the  time  was  last  year  postponed  to  1910.  wifJi  the  concurrence 
of  Congress.  The  liead  of  the  Exposition  project  is  Thomas  J.  L.  Brown,  President  of  the  Florida 
Mid-Winter  Fair  Association,  Tampa,  Florida. 

Congress  on  June  30,  190G,  adopted  the  following  joint  resolutions  : 

"Whereas,  it  is  fitting  that  the  commencement  of  the  work  on  the  Panama  Canal  should  be  cele- 
brated in  asuitable  manner  to  the  end  that  the  importance  of  this  great  isthmian  waterway  may  be 
accentuated  and  tlie  sentiment  in  favor  of  its  early  completion  fostered  and  kept  alive;  and 

"Whereas,  the  City  of  Tampa,  in  the  State  of  Florida,  by  reason  of  its  being  further  to  the 
southward  and  nearer  to  said  canal  than  any  other  citj' in  tlie  countrj', having  a  deep  and  commodious 
harbor,  reached  by  ample  railroad  facilities,  as  also  on  account  of  its  salubrious  climate  and  the  spirit 
of  American  progress  among  its  citizens,  manifest  in  the  rapid  growth  and  development  of  thocitj' 
and  her  commerce,  atfords  a  suitable  place  for  such  an  Exhibition ;  and 

"Whereas,  it  has  been  determined  to  hold  such  an  ICxposiiion  at  Tampa,  Florida, during  the 
months  of  January,  Februarj',  Marcli,  April  and  May,  A.  D.  1908,  and 

"Whereas,  his  Excellencj-  jSTapolecni  B.  Browimi.  Gf)VPrnor  of  tlie  State  of  Florida,  did  on 
DecetnberSO,  1905.  issue  his  proclamation  cnlling  an  Isilimian  Exposition  lo  be  held  in  the  City  of 
Tampa,  commencing  in  tliemoiilhof  January, A.  D.  1908.  for  the  purpose  afore.said, and  inviting  the 
Covernorsof  theseveriil  States  comnrising  tlie  United  states  of  America,  as  well  as  the  Governors  of 
the  Territories  of  the  United  States,  to  secure  tlie  co-oi)eration  of  their  .%tate  Legislatures  in  aid  of 
said  Exposition  by  participating  therein  ^nd  .sending  exhibits  of  their  resources  to  said  Exposition; 
therefore  be  it 

"  Resolved,  that  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  requested  to  hold  a  naval  review,  in  Tampa 
Bay  at  such  time  during  the  progress  of  said  Exi>osition  as  he  may  deem  best. 

"Resolved  further,  that  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  requested  to 
cause  to  be  made  such  display  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States  at  said  Exposition  jis  he  may  deem 
advisable. 

"  Resolved  further,  that  nothing  contained  in  this  concurrent  resolution  shall  be  construedas 
committing  the  United  States  to  any  obligation  hereafter  to  appropriate  money  for  expenses  or 
liabilities  of  any  kind  or  character  made  or  incurred  ijy  any  one  for  the  entertainmentof  the  guests  of 
such  Exposition,  or  in  connection  with  such  celebration  and  Exhibition. ' ' 

SJaltimtire  i2,vpti.?sitt£ju  \\\  1914. 

It  is  proposed  to  hold  an  International  Exposition  on  the  v.:ater  front  at  Bahimore  in 
1914,  that  being  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  both  the  climax  of  the  war  of  1812  and 
the  birth  of  the  "Star  Spangled  Banner."  The  idea  originated  with  the  Baltimore 
"American,"  in  which  the  national  song-  was  first  published  from  Francis  Barton  Key's 
manuscript  and  received  the  general  approval  of  citizens.  The  City  Council  has  taken 
steps   toward  an  organization  and  the  Maryland  State  authorities  have  promised  co-opei-ation. 

^^jc  Japanese  tJCatfotial  IHxpo.^ftion  of  1912. 

The  follov/ing  statement  has  been  prermred  for  THE  WORLD  AEMAXAC  by  the 
Japanese  Embassy  at   WasJiington: 

The  Exposition  which  will  be  held  iti  1012  in  Tokio  is  a  national  exposition,  and  is 
to  be  maintained  and  administered  by  the  Imperial  Government  of  Japan.  While  it  is  a 
national  exposition,  the  participation  of  the  governments  and  peoples  of  foreign  countries 
is  cordially  invited  and  the  Japanese  Government  will  make'  the  plan  on  such  a  scale 
as  not  only  to  render  it  the  largest  exposition  ever  held  in  Japan,  but  give  it  a  positively 
international  character.  This  has  been  communicated  to  several  countries,  and  many  of 
them,  appreciating  the  desire  of  the  Japanese  Gbvernment,  have  already  shown  their 
readiness   to   render   their  assistance.  ' 

It  is  expected  that  the  national  appropriation  alone  in  connection  with  the  projected 
exposition  will  amount  to  about  $."3,000,000.  Added  to  this,  the  local  government  and 
municipality  of  Toklo,  as  well  as  the  various  local  governments  throughout  the  Empire 
of  Japan  and  the  Government  of  Formosa,  and  so  forth,  v.ill  make  appropriations  in  their 
respective  budgets  iO  that  the  total  governmental  and  municipal  appropriation  covering 
the  direct  expenditures  of  the  exposition  will  aggregate  at  least  more  than  $10,000,000. 

The  grounds  of  the  exposition  will  occupy  about  2.'30  acres  of  land,  of  which  ahout 
thirty  acres  will  be  covered  by  buildings  already  decided  upon.  Special  buildings  will  be 
set  apar'  for  exhibits  representative  of  arts  and  science,  including  those  relating  to  educa- 
tion and   also  of  machineries  and  electrical   appliances. 

The  period  during  which  the  exposition  is  to  be  held  is  determined  tn  be  from  April 
1  to  October  .31,  so  as  to  include  both  the  cherrj'  blossom  and  the  chrysanthemum 
seasons,  of  which  so  much  has  been  written  by  writers  on  Japan,  and  talked  of  by  foreign 
visitors  who  have  been  there. 

From  these  facts  it  can  be  easily  seen  that  the  Japanese  Government  desires  to  offer 
an  unexcelled  opportunity  for  forei.gners  to  take  a  trip  to  Japan  and  to  be  entertained 
with  attractions  and  amusements  which  even  the  natives  may  not  often  witness  except 
on   such  an  occasion. 

Being  a  national  exposition,  the  primary  object  of  the  enterprise  is  to  widen  Vn^ 
knowledge  of  tlit-  Japanese  pc-opi.e  a^  regard.s  the  industrial  devHonment  attaineil  within 
their  own  country  as  well  as  in^  the  whole  world;  but.  nevertheless,  no.  better  oppor- 
tunity will  be  I'JLind  in  the  near  future  tiian  this  exposition  for  one  who  entertains  the 
desire  to  know  the  Japanese  people  better  and  to  study  deeper  t'ne  natural  and  in<Uistrial 
resources  of  the  country,  no  less  than  the.  present  state  of  civilization  and  industrial 
achievement  of  her  people. 


400  Alaska- Yukon- Pacific  Ej'posiiion  of  1909, 


a^lasfea^Yuifeou^J^acilic  3S.vposiftfon  oC  1909* 

From  Jun^e  1  to  October  15,  1909,  there  will  be  held  at  Seattle,  Wash.,  an  international 
exposition,   the  Alaska-Yukon-Pacific  Exposition. 

The  primary  purpose  of  the  Exposition,  the  creation  of  which  is  well  under  way,  is  to 
exploit  the  resources  and  potentialities  of  the  Alaska  and  Yukon  territories  in  the  United 
States  and  the  Dominion  of  Canada  and  to  make  known  and  foster  the  vast  importance  of 
the  trade  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  of  the  countries  bordering  thereon.  In  addition  it  will 
demonstrate   the   marvellous   progress  of   Western   America. 

It  will  be  the  aim  of  the  Exposition  to  correct  the  common  impression  that  Alaska  and 
Yukon  are  nothing  but  countries  of  cold  and  gold  and  to  place  the  Territories  in  their  true 
light  before  the  eyes  of  the  world.  Another  object  of  tne  Exposition  is  to  Increase  the 
trade  of  the  nations  that  are  lapped  by  its  waters. 

Tlie  Exposition  will  represent  an  expenditure  of  approximately  ,$10,000,000  v/hen  the 
gates  are  opened  on  June  1.  I'JO'.).  It  will  occupy  2.'0  acres  of  the  campus  of  the  University 
of  Washington,  adjoining  one  of  the  many  beautiful  residence  districts  of  Seattle,  on  the 
gentle  slopes  and  terraces  overlooking  Puget  Sound.  Lake  Washington  and  Lake  Union. 
The  lakes  are  natural,  fresh  water  bodies,  Washington  having  an  area  of  SSVo  square  miles 
and  Union  an  area  of  1  1-H  square  miles.  They  are  separated  froin  the  I'uget  Sound  by  the 
land  upon  which  Seattle  stands  and  will,  by  the  time  the  Exposition  opens,  be  connected 
with  the  salt  water  by  a  ship  canal,  now  under  construction.  The  unsurpassed  stretches  of 
water  front  on  both  lakes  aiford  great  opportunities  for  aquatic  features,  the  like  of  which 
no  other  exposition  ever  possessed. 

The  grounds  are  twenty  ininutes'  ride  by  electric  car  from  the  business  centre  of 
Seattle  and  are  scenically  one  of  the  finest  exposition  sites  ever  laid  out.  The  sn(iw-clad 
Olj'mpic  and  Cascades  ranges  of  mountains  are  in  plain  view  from  all  points  of  the  grounds. 
Mount  Rainier,  the  highest  peak  in  the  United  States  proper,  rises  to  a  height  of  14,52G  feet, 
and  Mount  Baker,  another  formidable  peak  of  the  Cascades,  towers  11,000  feet. 

Twelve  large  exhibit  buildings  will  form  the  nucleus  of  the  Exposition.  Around  these 
will  cluster  the  State.  Territorial  and  concessions  buildings,  foreign  pavilions,  the  Adminis- 
tration group  and   smaller  psuedo  exhibit  structures. 

The  main  exhibit  buildings  Mill  be:  (It  United  States  Government.  (2)  Alaska,  (.'>) 
Yukon.  (4)  Manufactures.  Liberal  Arts  and  Education,  (.~)i  Agriculture,  Horticulture  and 
Irrigation.  (G)  Machinery,  (7)  Forestry,  (S)  Fine  Arts,  (t))  P^isheries,  (10)  Mines,  (11)  Hawaii, 
(12)  Philippines. 

On  June  1,  1007.  just  two  years  prior  to  opening  day,  before  a  crowd  of  l."),000  persons, 
the  first  spadeful  of  earth  was  turned  and  work  begun  on  the  Exposition.  The  exercises 
which  wei-e  held  in  the  natural  amphitheatre  and  participated  in  by  governors,  mayors  and 
other  prominent  people  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  were  preceded  by  a  large  military  parade  in  the 
city.  The  day,  which  was  a  holiday  in  Seattle,  was  made  a  memorable  one  in  the  history 
of  "the  Pacific  Northwest.  Hon.  John  Barrett,  director  of  the  International  Bureau  of 
American   Republics,   represented   President   Roosevelt. 

Work  on  the  grounds  since  then  has  progressed  rapidly.  All  of  the  grading  has  been 
finished,  and  half  a  dozen  buildings  are  under  construction.  The  Administrr>t!on  Building, 
the  first  to  be  completed,  has  been  occupied  by  the  Exposition  offices  for  many  months. 

The  United  States  Government  will  participate  on  a  large  scale.  The  Senate  passed  a 
bill  at  the  last  session  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Congress  appropriating  $700,000  for  the  representa- 
tion of  Alaska,  Hawaii  and  the  Philippines.  l)ut  as  the  session  was  short  the  measure  did 
not  get  through  the  House.  Assurance  has  been  given  the  manageir.rnt  that  at  the  first 
session  of  the  Sixtieth  Congress  a  bill  will  be  pas.sed  appropriating  $l,17i5.O00  for  the  par- 
ticipation of  the  Government  and  its  non-contiguous  territories  on  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

The  people  of  Seattle  financed  the  Exposition  by  raising  ."^650.000.  The  capital  stock 
was  placed  at  $."00,000.  but  when  it  was  put  on  the  market  on  the  morning  of  Oct.  2.  1000, 
it  was  oversubscribed  by  the  sum  of  $150,000.  The  capital  stock  was  increased  to  $800,000. 
all  of  which  will  be  sold  in  Seattle  before  the  Exposition  opens. 

The  States  of  the  Union  will  participate  on  a  large  scale  by  the  erection  of  buildings 
and  the  installation  of  interesting  and  comprehensive  displays. 

The  State  of  Washington  has  appropriated  $1,000,000  for  its  representation  at  the  Ex- 
position. Oregon  has  made  provision  to  spend  $100,000,  and  will  supplement  this  amount  at 
a  later  meeting  of  its  State  Legislature.  California  has  appropriated  $100,000.  with  the 
assurance  that  an  additional  sum  will  be  expended  befoi-o  the  Exposiunn  opens.  Other 
States  that  have  made  preliminary  appropriations  are:  Pennsylvania,  $75,000;  Missouri, 
$10,000;  Utah.  $2,000;  Nebraska,  $15,000. 

Assurances  have  been  given  the  Exposition  management  that  the  following  States  will 
make  provisions  for  participation  at  the  next  meeting  of  their  L^gislaturor;:  New  York, 
Massachusetts.  Montana.  Kentucky.  Idaho.  Nevada.  Wi~cnnsin,  Wyoming,  Jtvansas,  Illinois, 
Minnesota.   Ohio,  Indiana,   Iowa,   North  Dakota,  and  Colorado. 

The  foreign  exhibits  will  be  confined  strictly  to  the  products  of  the  countries  bordering 

tic 
lecti 

Aust —    - ^ _.    ._.         -  ._    

East   Indies.    German   Colonies.   Guatemala.    Honduras.    British   India.   Japan 
East  Indies.  Nicaragua.  N'-w  Zf>n1and.   Panama,   l^enj.   Sictm  and  FaUftdor. 

In  addition  to  the  foregolvi^,  th"  United  States,  (ireat  Britain.  France,  Germany.  Ru.-^sia 
and  the  Netherlands  will  be  invited  to  make  exhibits  representative  of  their  interest  In 
Pacific  trade  dove'opmrnt. 

Official 
Ballln.ger. 
R.    Colllm 
ploitation; 


The  Itadson-Fulton    Celehmtion,  I'M).  401 


^Je  J^utJi5ou:=jfultou  (^clcijcattou,  1909. 

It  is  proposed  to  celebrate  in  the  City  of  New  York  and  on  the  Hudson  River  in  Sep- 
tember, 11)09.  the  three  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  by  Henry  Hudson  of  the 
river  which  bears  his  name  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  the  one  hundredth  anniversary 
nf  the  first  successful  navigation  of  that  river  by  steam  by  Robert  Fulton. 

The  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York  and  tiie  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  Yoi  k  in 
l!i(»5  Jointlv  appointed  a  committee  of  citizens,  of  which  the  late  Robert  B.  Roosevelt 
was  chairman,  to  formulate  plans  for  the  celebration  of  the  anniversary  of  the  Discovery 
of  the  Hudson  River,  and  at  the  same  time  the  Mayor  appointed  a  committee  of  one 
hundred  to  celebrate  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  steam  navigation  in  1907.  These 
were  consolidated  and  incorporated  under  the  title  of  the  "The  Hudson-Fulton  Celebra- 
tion  Commission,"   to   celebrate  both  events  in   1900. 

The  Commission  is  organized  -with  the  following  officials:  President,  Stewart  L. 
Woodford;  Vice-Presidents.  Herman  Ridder,  Andrew  Carnegie.  Hon.  Joseph  H.  Choate, 
Hon.  Grover  Cleveland,  Malor-General  F.  D.  Grant,  Morris  K.  Jesup,  Hon.  Seth  Low, 
J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  Hon.  Levi  P.  Morton,  General  Horace  Porter,  Hon.  Frederick  W. 
Sev>-ard,  Francis  Lvnde  Stetson,  Hon.  Oscar  S.  Straus,  William  B.  Van  Rensselaer,  and 
Hon.  Andrew  D.  White;  Treasurer,  Isaac  N.  Seligman;  Secretary,  Henry  W.  Sackett, 
Tribune  Building,  New  York;  Assistant  Secretary,  Edward  Hagaman  Hall,  Tribune  Build- 
ing,   New   Yoik.  ^     , 

Executive  Committee,  Stewart  L..  Woodford,  Chairman,  18  Wall  Street,  New  York; 
Hon.  James  M.  Beck,  Tunis  G.  Bergen,  Andrew  Carnegie,  Hon.  Joseph  H.  Choate,  Sir 
Caspar  Purdon  Clarke,  Hon.  Grover  Cleveland,  Rear-Admiral  J.  B.  Coghlan,  U.  S,  N.; 
William  J.  Curtis,  Theodore  Fitch,  Major-General  F.  D.  Grant,  Edward  Hagaman  Hall, 
Colonel  William  Jay,  Morris  K.  Jesup,  Dr.  George  F.  Kunz,  Hon.  Seth  Low,  John  La 
Farge,  Hon.  William  McCarroll,  Commander  Jacob  W.  Miller,  Frank  D.  Millet,  J.  Pier- 
pont Morgan.  Hon.  Levi  P.  Morton.  Eben  E.  Olcott,  John  E.  Parsons,  George  W.  Perkins, 
Hon.  N.  Taylor  Phillips,  Gen.  Horace  Porter,  Louis  C.  Raegener,  Herman  Ridder,  Henry 
W.  Sackett,  Hon.  Frederick  W.  Seward.  Isaac  N.  Seligman,  J.  Edward  Simmons,  Hon. 
John  H.  Starin,  Hon.  Oscar  S.  Straus,  Spencer  Trask.  William  B.  Van  Rensselaer,  Lieut- 
enant-Commander Aaron  Vanderbilt,  Dr.  Samuel  B.  Ward,  Hon.  Andrew  D.  White,  Hon. 
William  R.   Willcox,  and  Gen.  James  Grant  Wilson. 

There  are  committees  on  Law,  Nominations,  Finance.  Plan  and  Scope,  and  sub- 
committees on  Naval  Parade,  Land  Parade,  and  Literary  Exercises,  Dedication  of  Memo- 
rials, Park  and  Memorial  at  Inwood,  State  Park  at  Verplanck's  Point,  Date  of  Celebra- 
tion,   Exhibition   of  Motive   Power,    and   Co-operation. 

The  Commission  consists  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  representative  citizens,  of  whom 
one   hundred   are    trustees. 

PLAN    OF    CELEBRATION. 

The  following  plan  of  celebration,  submitted  by  the  Committee  on  Plan  and  Scope, 
was   adopted   by   the   Commission,    October   27,    1007. 

RELIGIOUS     SERVICE     DAYS     (SATURDAY,     SEPTEMBER     18,     AND     SUNDAY,     SEP- 
TEMBER   19,    1909.) 

Services  in  places  of  public  worship. 

RECEPTION    DAY    (MONDAY,    SEPTEMBER    20,    1909). 

General  decoration  of  public  and  private  buildings  for  the  v;eek,  from  New  York  to 
the   head   of  the  river. 

Rendezvous   of   American  and   foreign   naval   vessels   at   New   York. 

"Half   Moon"    enters   river,   formally   received,    and   takes   her   place   in   line. 

"Clermont"    starts   from   original   slip   am.id   appropriate  exercises  and   takes  position. 

Visiting  guests  disembark  and  are  received  at  the  Robert  Fulton  Memorial  Water 
Gate    at    Riverside    Park. 

Dedication  of  Robert  Fulton   Memorial   Gate. 

Typical  Indian  Village  at  Inwood  established  by  American  Museum  of  Natural 
Histoi'y. 

Official  Banquet  in  evening  to  guests,  Governor  of  State,  and  Mayors  of  Hudson 
River  cities  at  some   suitable  place. 

HISTORICAL   DAY    (TUESDAY,    SEPTEMBER   21,    1909). 

Visiting  guests  shown  about  city,  making  circuit  of  island  by  boat  and  land  excur- 
sions  by  automobiles. 

Commemorative  exercises  by  day  in  Columbia  University,  New  York  University,  Col- 
lege of  the  City  of  New  York,  Cooper  Union,  University  of  St.  John,  at  Fordham; 
Hebrew  University,  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Public  Schools,  Historical 
Societies,  and  all  the  universities,  colleges  and  institutions  of  learning  throughout  the 
State    of    New    York. 

Exhibits  of  paintings,  prints,  books,  models,  relics,  etc.,  by  Metropolitan  Museum  of 
Art,  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Hispano- American  Museum,  New  York  Public 
Lihi-ary,  New  York  Historical  Society,  Webb's  School  for  Shipbuilders,  New  York  Yacht 
Club,    etc. 

Free  lectures  in  150  centres  under  the  auspices  of  the  Board  cf  Education  (Dr.  Henry 
M.    Leipziger,    Supervisor). 

Official  literary  exercises  in  evening  In  every  borough:  Manhattan,  in  Metropolitan 
Opera  House;  Brooklyn,  in  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences;  Queens,  in  place  to  be 
determined;   Richmond,   in  place   to   be  determined;   Bronx,   in   place   to   be   determined. 

LAND   PARADE  DAY   (WEDNESDAY,    SEPTEMBER  22,    1909). 

Land  parade,  participated  in  by  L^nited  States  Army,  Navy,  and  Marine  Corps.  Na- 
tional Guard,  Naval  Militia.  Historical  Society  floats;  labor,  industrial,  and  manufac- 
■*.uring  floats,   and   various   other  civic   organizations.  ^ 

In  the  evening,    reception  to  guests   on  Governor's  Island. 


402  *      Kew   Yorh  ^tate  Prohation   (Joonmission. 


THE    HUDSON  .  FULTON    CELEBRATION,    1909— ro?i'm?(«rf. 


DEDICATION    DAY    (THURSDAY,    SEPTEMBER    23,    1009). 

Dedication  of  parks  and  memorials  along  the  river:  Inwood  Hill  Park,  HudKou- 
Memorial  Bridge,  Palisades  Drive,  Verplanck's  Point  Park,  Statue  of  William  the  Silent, 
erected  by  the   Holland  Society,  and  other  parks  and  memorials  along  irlio  river. 

Tablets   in   New   York,    Albany,    and   other   cities. 

Reception  to  visiting  guests  at  West  Point  during  the  day. 

Aquatic  sports  on  Hudson  River. 

Musical   festival   in  evening,    'n  place  to  be   selected. 

HUDSON   RIVER   DAY    (FRIDAY,    SEPTEMBER   24,    1909). 

Naval  parades  start  from  New  York  and  Albany  and  meet  at  Newburgh:  American 
naval  vessels,  foreign  naval  vessels,  "Half  Moon,"  "Clermont,"  merchant  marine, 
pleasure   craft. 

Salutes  to  "Half  Moon"  and  "Clermont"  from  West  Point  and  other  places  where 
cannon  can  be  fired  as   procession  passes. 

Fetes  of  townspeople  along  the  river  from   New  York  to  Newburgh. 

Exercises  at  Newburgh:  Reception  on  land;  formal  delivery  of  "Half  Moon"  and 
"Clermont"    to   North   Hudson   division. 

ILLUMINATION  DAY   (SATURDAY,    SEPTEMBER  25,    1909). 

Naval  parade*  return  to  Albany  and  New  York. 

Salutes  from   upper  Hudson  cities   to   "Half  Moon"   and   "Clermont"   as  they  pass. 

Fetes   of  townspeople   from   Newburgh   to   Albany. 

Children's  fetes   in  parks  and  playgrounds. 

Illumination  of  fleet  and  public  and  private'  buildings  in  New  York,  and  pyrotechnical 
displays. 

Illumination,   pyrotechnics,   and   special  local   exercises  in  Albany. 

Chain   of  signal   fires  at  9  P.    M.   from   Coney   Island  to  Albany. 

Soon  after  the  Commission  was  formed  a  World's  Fair  at  or  near  New  York  City 
was  suggested.  After  giving  several  public  hearings  the  subject  was  referred  to  the 
Plan  and  Scope  Committee,  who,  in  their  preliminary  respect,  expressed  the  belief  that  the 
country  had  been  surfeited  with  such  temporary  clebrations,  and  voiced  the  hope  that 
the  celebration  of  1909  would  be  conducted  on  a  plan  which  would  leave  monumental 
works   of  lasting  benefit  to  the  people. 

-4 


ISfational  (tnntittun  of  JHotljtrs* 

Officers:  S^-esident,  Mrs.  Frederic  Schoff,  Philadelphia;  Vice-Prexidrnts,  Mrs,  David  O.  Meats, 
Albany,  N.Y.  ;  Mrs  W.  W.  Murphy,  Los  Aiigeles,  Cal. ;  Mrs.  Robert  R.  Gotten,  Bruce, N.C. ;  Recording 
Sec letciiy,  Mrs.  John  Parker  Bronk,  Bridgeport,  C't. ;  Correspondiuq Secretary^  Mrs.  Edwin  C.Grice, 
3308  ArchStreet,  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  Treasurer^  Mrs.  Louis  K.  Gillsou,  Wilmette,  lU. 

An  organization  of  Mothers  of  the  United  States  for  the  improvement  of  the  condition 
of  children  throughout  the  country.  Day  Nurseries,  Vacation  Schools,  Kindergarten,  Proba- 
tion Work,  Child  Labor,  the  Care  of  Dependent,  Defective  and  Delinquent  Children; 
Legislation  Protecting  Children,  Playgrounds,  and  Parent-Teacher  Associations  are  among 
the  community  interests  considered. 


1>Crto  ¥orft  .^tatr  J^roijattou  (Commissions 

(Chapter  430,    Laws   of   1907.) 

In  accordance  with  Chapter  430  of  the  Laws  of  1907,  the  State  Probation  Commission 
consists  of  seven  members,  of  whom  four  are  appointed  by  the  Governor  for  terms  of  four 
years  each;  one  is  appointed  by  the  State  Board  of  Charities  from  among  its  members; 
one  is  appointed  by  the  State  Commission  of  Prisons  from  among  its  members,  and  the 
Commissioner  of  Education  is  a  member  ex-officio.  The  first  appointments  by  the 
Governor,  however,  are  for  terms  of  one,  two,  three  and  four  years,  respectively.  Com- 
missioners shall  serve  without  compensation,  but  shall  be  entitled  to  necessary  and 
reasonable  travelling  expenses. 

The  general  duties  of  the  Commission  are  to  collect  and  publish  statistical  and  other 
information  as  to  the  operations  of  the  probation  system;  to  keep  itself  informed  as  to 
the  work  of  all  probation  officers,  and,  from  time  to  time,  Inquire  into  their  conduct  and 
efficiency;  and,  by  such  other  means  as  are  most  suitable,  to  endeavor  to  secure  the 
effective"  application  of  the  probation  system  and  enforcement  of  the  probation  law  in  all 
parts  of  the  State.  It  shall  make  an  annual  report  to  the  Legislature  showing  its  pro- 
ceedings under  this  act  and  the  results  of  the  probation  system  as  administered  in  the 
various  localities  in  the  State,  with  any  suggestions  or  recommendations  which  may  be 
considered  wise  for  the  more  effectual  accomplishment  of  the  general  purposes  of  the 
Commission.  The  Commission,  in  the  discharge  of  its  duties,  shall  have  access  to  all 
offices  and  records  of  probation  officers,  and  may  direct  formal  investigations  of  the  work 
of  any  probation  officer.  The  Commission  shall  employ  a  Seoi'etary  at  a  salary  not  to 
exceed  $3,000,   and  a  stenographer  and   such  other  employees   as   may  be  necessary. 

The  following  are  the  State  Probation  Commissioners  appointed  by  the  Governor  July 
2,  1907:  President.  Homer  Folks,  New  York;  Vice-President.  Charles  F.  McKenna,  New 
York;  Felix  Warburg,  New  York;  Frank  E.  Wade,  Buffalo;  Roger  P.  Clark,  Binghamton; 
Dennis  McCarthy,  Syracuse;  Andrew  S.  Draper,  Albany  (ex-officio).  Arthur  W.  Towne  is 
Secretary  of  the  Commission. 


Hen's  Dress  Chart  for  1908, 


403 


St 


President,  Mrs.  Sarah  S.  Plutt  Decker.  Deuver,  Col.  ;  Firnt  Vice- President,  "^U^.  Philip  N.  Moore, 
.  Louis,  Mo  ;  Second  Vice- I'resideiit ,  Mrs.  John  Dickinsou  Shermau,  Chicago,  111.;  Recording 
ci-eta>y,   Mrs.    Jolm  Dickinson,    Chicago,  111.;  Corresponding  Sfcrelari/,  Mrs.   Charles  A.  Perkins, 


Knoxviile,  Tenn.;  Treasurer,  Mvs.  Josiah  Evans  Cowles,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

This  organization,  incorporated  in  1892,  is  conipo-ed  of  over  3.000  women's  clubs,  havinga 
menibei-ship  of  150,000  in  the  United  Stales  and  foreis;n  countries.  '1  lie  purpose  of  the  Federation 
is  declared  in  its  article  of  incorporation  to  be  "to  bring  into  ctnininnication  with  one  another  the 
various  women's  clubs  lhrouj;hout  the  world,  that  the.v  may  compare  methods  ol  work  and  become 
r-iutually  helpful.  Constitutions  of  clubs  applying  for  memliership  should  show  that  no  sectarianism 
or  political  testis  required,  i\nd,  while  the  distinctively  humanitarian  movements  may  he  recognized, 
their  ciiiefpiu-pose  is  not  pliilanthropic  or  technical,  but  social,  literary,  artistic,  or  .scientific  en  it  u  re." 
Meetingsof  the  Federation  areheid  biennially.  There  are  State  federations  auxiliary  to  the  t^eneral 
Federation,  and  single  clubs  in  forty-five  States.  Several  foreign  clubs  aie  members  of  the  P'ed- 
eration— the  Pioneer  Club  of  London",  Woman's  Club  of  Bombaj-,  and  Kducatioual  Club  of  Ceylon, 
clubs  in  Australia,  Soutli  America,  etc.    Theolhcersof  the  New  Yoik  Clul)  are: 

President,  Mrs.   William  Cumming  Story,  307  West  90th  Street :  Hanoi  urv  President.  Mrs.  Belle 
De  Kivera;  i^»r.s<   Vice-PreHidenl,   Mrs.    Frederick  Natiian;  Second  Vice-President,    Mrs.  Charles  W. 
Fi.ske;    Third    Vice-President,  ]Mi.ss  INIary  Garrett  Hay;     Rrcordinp  Secretary.    Mrs.   .John   Frances 
Yavvger;  torrexponding  Srcrefary,  Miss  Meta  Maynard,  108  West  45th  Street;  Treasurer^  Mrs.   J- 
Ella  Hood;  if iiYoriau,  Mrs    Howard  Mac2\utt. 


jHcn's  Bvtnn  (^Ijact  for  1908. 


The   following  is   a   specification   of   the 
the  season  of  1007-1908,  prepared  by  Arnold, 

Evening    Weddinprs,    Balis,    Recep- 
tions,      Grand       Opera,       Formal 
Dinners,   Theatres    (Formal). 

Dress    Suit— Swallowtail. 

Overcoat— Long,    dark   overcoat   or   great    fur 

coat. 
Waist    Coat— Single-breasted,    white,    drill    or 

pique. 
Trousers— Same     material     as     coat,     braided 

outer   seams. 
Hat— High  silk  w-ith  broad  felt  or  silk  band. 
Shirt— Plain  white,   attached  cuffs. 
Collar— Poke  or  straight  standing. 
Tie— White  lawn  or  Peplin,  plain  broad  ends. 
■Gloves — ^White    glace. 
Hose— Black     silk,     plain     unclocked,     white 

cape  for  theatre. 
Jewelry— Shirt     studs     and     links,     pearl     or 

moonstone, 
ghoes— Patent      leather      pumps,      or      patent 

leather  shoes,  high  buttoned. 
Day     T\^eddinss,     Afternoon     Calls, 
Church      Promenades,     Recep- 
tions  and   aiatinee. 

Coat— Full   frock. 

Overooat— Long,   black  coat. 

W^aist    Coat— White    duck,    single    or    double 

Trousers— Dark      gray      or      modest      striped 

worsted. 
Hat— High   silk,   with   broad  band. 
Shirt— Plain   white,    with   attached   cuffs. 
Collar— Poke    (or    wing). 

Cravat— Four-in-hand   or   once-over,    white   or 
pearl   silk. 

^ray  suede, 
plain     or     jewelled     settings. 


leather     buttoned     boots,     kid 


Gloves — Light 
Jewelry — Gold, 

cravat  pin. 
Shoes— Patent 

tops. 
Informal     Dinner.s,      Theatres      (In- 
formal),     Clubs,      Stas:      and 
At-Hom«  Dinners. 

Coat — Dinner  jacket  (Tuxedo),  black  or  Ox- 
ford   mixture. 

Overcoat— Any   kind. 

Waist  Coat — Material  same  as  coat,  or  gray 
silk,   single-breasted. 

Trousers— Material  same  as  coat,  plain  outer 
seams. 

Hat— Derby, 

Shirt— White,    pl»«»i    or    bleatftr^    bflsnm*    fit- 


rhband   turnover, 
blunt,    to    match    waist 


proper   attire    for   men   on  various   occasions   in 
Constable  &  Co.,  of  New  York. 

Collar — Wing  or  hi§ 
Gloves — Gray  suede. 
Cravat — Broad    end, 

coat. 
Jewelry — Dull,    frosted    gold    shirt   studs    and 

links. 
Shoes — Patent   leather  button  boots. 

Polo,       Motoring^,       Golf,       Driving, 
Yachting,    Hunting,    Country. 

(varying  witli   the  kind   of  outing.) 

Coat — Xorfolk  or  double-breasted  jacket. 
Overcoat— Rain   coat. 

Waist  Coat— Fancy  flannel  with  flap  pockets. 
Trousers— Leather   belted,    material    same    as 


coat;   serge,    w^hite  flannel. 

Hat   (or  Cap)— Soft  and  easy,   wide  lattitude. 

Shirt — Soft  and  easy,   personal  predilection. 

Gloves— Chamois. 

Collar — soft    turnover,    stock,    knotted    hand- 
kerchief;  low  or  high  turnover. 

Tie — String,   four-in-hand   or  stock. 

Jewelry  — Links,    cravat  pin. 

Shoes— Russet  Oxfords,   white  undressed  calf. 

Business,   Lonnge   or   Morning. 

(Individuality  of  w^earer  permissible.) 
Coat — Sack  or  morning. 
Overcoat— Any   kind. 
Waist  Coat — 'Same  as  coat;  fancy  permissible, 

if  coat  is  solid. 
Trousers — Same  material   as   coat. 
Hat— Derby. 

Shirt — Stiff  or  soft  fancy,   pleated. 
Collar — Highband,    turnover   or   w'ing. 
Cravat — Four-in-hand  or  broad  end  tie. 
Gloves — Tan   cape   or  gray   reindeer. 
Jewelry — Gold  studs  and  links. 
Shoes — Laced  calf  skin,   boots  or  Oxfords. 

Informal        Afternoon         Occasions, 
Teas,  Musicales,   Church, 

Coat — Front  or  cutaway. 

Overcoat — ^Preferably   none. 

Waist  Coat — Material  same  as  coat  or  white 

duck. 
T^rousers — Striped  worsted. 
Hat — High  silk,  broad  band. 
Shirt — Plain  white,  attached  cuffs. 
Collar — Wing. 
Tie — Four-in-hand. 
Gloves — Gray  suede. 
Jewelry — Gold,     plain     or     jewelled     setting; 

cravat  pin. 
Shoes^Patent    loatt^ar,    buittonsd,    op    pst^«nt 


404 


Freemasonry, 


jFrtnna.aonrg. 

MASONIC   GRAND    LODGES    IN  THE    UNITED   STATES  AND    BRITISH  AMERICA. 


Graxd 

LODGKS. 


Alabama.  . . 
Arizona  — 
Arkansas*.. 
Brit  Col.... 
California  .. 

Canada 

Colorado.  .. 
Conni'clicut 
Delaware.  . . 
Dist.ofCoI.. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Ter. 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Iventnrky  . . 
T-oiiisiana  . . 

M:iine 

M  nitoba. . . 
Maryland  . . 

INlass 

Michigan .... 
Minne.'^ota  . 
IMi-ssissipi)!  . 
Mi.s.souri  . ,. 
Montana  . .. 
Nebraska... 


No. 
Mem- 
bers. 
1907. 


Grand  Secretaries. 


18,191 

1,191 

17.480 

8.051 
38. 79  • 
37.000 
11.501 
20. 087 

2,77'2 

7,726 

6,655 
27,620 

2.251 
7!>,7r2; 
45,0o9 

7.540^ 
36,786 
27.167 
28,598; 

9.65l! 
25,889, 

4.410 
5  J.  828 
11.580 
58, 795 
20,287 
18.2V2 
42.921i 

4.227 
15.168 


jG.  -A..  Beaneiiamp.Montg'y. 
G.  J.  Roskrnge.  Tncson. 
If.  Hempstead. Little  llock. 
!K.  K.  Brett,  Columbia. 
G.  Joliiison,  8an  Francisco. 
IIughMurraj',  Hamilton. 
C.  it.  Jacobson,  Denver. 
.John  H.  Barlow,  Hartford. 

B.  F.  Bartram,Wilmi'gton 
Arvine  W.  .lohnston,Wasb. 
W.P.  Webster,  Jacksonville. 
W.  .A.  Wolihin,  ISlacon. 
Thi'op.  W.  Randall.  Boise. 
Isaac  Cutter,  Coup  Point. 

C.  W.  Prather,  Indianapolis, 
•f.  S.  Murrow,  Atoka. 

N.  R.  Parvin,  Cedar  Rapids. 
Albert  K.  Wilson.  Topeka. 
H.  B.  Grant,  Louisville. 
R.  Lambert,  New  Orleans. 
Stephen  Berry,  Portland. 
James  A.  Ovas.  Winnipeg. 
\Vm.  ^r.  Isaac.  Baltimore. 
S.  D.  Nickerson,  Boston, 
r,.  B.  Winst)r,  Reed  City. 
T.  Montgomery.  St.   Paul, 
l'".   Speed,  Vicksburg. 
J.  R.  Parson,  St.  Louis. 
Helena. 
Francis  F.White.  Omaha. 


Grand 

Lodges. 


Nevada 

N.Brunswick 
N.  Hampshire 
New  Jersey. . 
New  Mexico. 
New  York.  . . . 
N.  Carolina.  . 
North  Dakota 
Nova  Scotia. . 

Ohio 

Oklahoina  .  . . 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 
Pr.  Ed.  Island 

Quebec 

Rhode  Island 
8.  Carolina  . . 
South  Dakota 
Tennessee  .  . . 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington  . 
W.  Virginia.. 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


No. 
Mem- 
bers, 
1907. 


1.118 
2.204 
9.695 

24. 978 

1.629 

146,026 

1 D,  528 
5.567 
4.715 

65,107 
6,777 
7.689 

71,249 
685 
6,O0i> 
6.488 
8.688 
6,6;<',6 

20,579 

39. 162 
1,270 

11, 802 

16.9>1 
9.880 

11,006 

22,118 
1,951 


Total 1,188,566 


Grand  Secretaries. 


C.  N.  Noteware,  Carson. 
J.  Twining  Hartt,  St.  John. 
F.  D.  Woodburv,  Concord. 
T.  H.  R.  Redway. Trenton. 
A.  A.  Keen,  Albuquerque. 

E.  M.  L.  Ehlers.  N.  V.  City. 
JohnC.  Drewry,  Raleigh. 

F.  J.  Thompson,  Fargo. 
TIiomasMowbray.Halifax. 
J.  H.  Bromwell.  Cincin'ti. 
.1.  S.  Hunt.  Stillwater, 
•las.  F.  Robinson.  Eugene. 
Wm.A.  Sinn,  Philadelpliia. 
X.  MacKelvie,Summerside 
Will.  H.  Whyte.  Montreal. 
s.  P.  Williams,  Providence. 
JacobT.  Barron, Columbia. 
fi.  A.  Petti;rre\v,Flandreau. 
John  B.Garrett.  Nashville. 
Joiin  Watson.  Waco. 

c.  Diehl.  Salt  Lake  City. 
H.  H.  Ross.  Burlington. 

G.  W.  Carrington,  Richm'd. 
Horace  W.  Tyler,  Seattle. 
H.R.  Howard,  Pt.  Pleasant. 
Wm.  W.  Perry.  IVfilwaukee. 
W.L.  Kuykeudal  I.Saratoga 


The  returns  of  the  Grand  Lodues  of  the  United  States  and  British  America  for  1905-1906  were  a; 
follows:  Wliole  number  of  members,l, 062. 425,  rai.sed,  81,386;  admissions  and  restorations, 28. 155s 
withdrawals.  22,008;  expulsions  and  suspensions.  659;  suspensions  for  non-payment  of  dues, 
12.760;  deaths,  16.123.  Gain  in  membership  over  preceding  year,  58,177.  Membership  in  1906, 
1, 129,001 ;  gain  over  tiie  ])receding  year  of  66,576. 

These  Grand  Lodges  are  in  full  atViiiation  witli  the  English  Grand  Lodge,  of  which  the  Duke  of 
Connaught  is  Grand  ^faster,  and  the  Grand  Lodges  of  Ireland,  Scotland,  Cuba,  Pern,  South  Australia, 
New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  and  also  with  the  Masons  of  German.v  and  Austria.  They  are  not  in 
alTiliation  and  do  not  correspond  with  the  Masons  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Grand  Orient  of 
France;  thev,  liowever,  allHliate  with  and  recognise  INfasons  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme 
Council.  Freemasomy  is  under  the  ban  of  the  Church  in  Spain,  Italy,  and  other  Catholic  countries, 
and  the  membership  is  small  and  scattered. 

ANCIENT  ACCEPTED  SCOTTISH  RITE  MASONS. 

Supreme  Council  of  Sovereign  Grand  iNSPEcxoRS-GENERAii  of  the  Thirty-third  and 

L.AST  Degree. 

The  officers  of  the  Northern  .Turisdiction  are:  M.  P.  Sovereign  Ornnd  Commander,  Henry  L. 
Palmer,  Wis.  P.  G.  LieHtenant-Conimander^  Samuel  C.  Lawrence,  Ma.ss.  Grand  'IVeasnrer- General, 
Newton  D.  Arnold,  R.  I.  Grand  ^rinister  of  8ta(e^  John  C.  Smith,  111.  Grand  Secretary- General, 
James  H.  Codding;  office.  299  Broadway,  New  York. 

The  officers  of  the  Southern  Jurisdiction  are:  J/.  P.  Sovereign  Grand  Commander^  James  D. 
Richardsun,  Tenii.  Sene/arij- General,  Allison  Nailor,  438  Third  Street,  N.  W. ,  •> Wa.shington, 
D.  C.  These  grand  bodies  are  in  relations  of  amity  with  the  Supreme  Councils  for  France,  England, 
Scotland.  Ireland,  Belgium.  Brazil,  the  Argentine  Republic,  Uruguay,  Paraguay,  Peru,  Portugal.  Italy, 
Mexico.  Colombia,  Chile.  Central  .America, Greece, Canada, Cuba, Switzerland, Egypt, Tunis. and  Spain. 

Supreme  Council  OF  Soveukign' Graxd  lNSPECTORs-(TEKERArj  of  the  Thirty-third  and 
Last  Degrek  ok  the  .An'<uen't  and  Acc^eptkd  Scottisk  Rite,  as  Organized  jgY 
Joseph  Cerseau,  Thirty-third  Degree,  in  the  Year  1807. 
M.  P.  Sovereign  Grand  Commander,  Andrew  J.  Provost,  N.  Y.  Grand  Secretari/- Generaf ,  A\he(\  C. 
Dupont,  M.  D.  ,N.Y.  The  Sovereign  Grand  Consistory  has  had  a  continuous  existence  of  one  hundred 
years,  with  itsGrand  Orient  at  New  York,  where,  under  the  ;es:is  of  the  Grand  Orient  of  France,  it  was 
organized  by  M.  •.  I..  Joseph  Cerneau,  thirty-third  degree.  The  Supreme  Council  has  fraternal  rela- 
tions witli  the  Supreme  Councils  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Canada,  Italy,  Egypt,  Cuba,  Argen- 
tina, Australia,  New  Zealand,  Mexico,  Belgium,  (iermaiiy,  and  Switzerland, Oree^e,  Austria-HunEraiy. 
and  otherGrar.d  Orients.  It  has  jurisdiction  over  seventy-three  subordinate  Consistories  of  Sublime 
Pfinces  of  the  Royal  Secret,  which  are  subdivided  into  Lodges  of  Perfection,  Councils  of  Princes  of 
Jerusalem.  Chapters  of  I^ose  Croi.x.  and  Consistories,  with  a  membership  of  many  thousands.  The 
two  Consistories  in  M:mhattan  are  Cerneau,  No.  1,  with  over  a  thousand  Sublime  Princes,  and 
Giordano  Bruno,  No.  66,  working  in  the  Italian  language.  Official  address,  No.  320  Temple  Court, 
Beekman  Street,  New  York. 

Ancient  Accs'^pted  Scottish  Rite. 

The  Supreme  Council  of  Sovereign  Grand  Inspectors-f^eneral,  thirty-third  and  la.st  degree  of  the 
Ancient  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of  Freemasonry  for  the  United  States  of  America,  their  Territories 
and  Dependencies,  Orient  of  New  Y'oik.  Officers— 6'owr)V/ji  Gnnid  Commander,  JNf.  W.  Bayliss, 
Washington.  D.  C.  Lieutenant-Grand  Commander. C.  W.  Edwards,  Albany,  N.  Y.  Minister  of  State, 
George  Gibson,  Washington,  D,  C.  Treaxui-er- General ,  Holden  O.  Hill,  Providence,  R.  I.  Secretary- 
General,  M.  W.  Morton.  Providence,  R.  I.  This  Supreme  Council  was  organized  in  the  Citj'of  New 
York  on  October  28,  1807,  and  exercises  jurisdictiou  over  the  whole  of  the  United  States. 


\ 


JVobles  of  the  3Iystic  Shrine.  405 

FREEMASONRY— roH^mwed. 
~  ROYAL    ARCH    MASONS. 

OFFICER-S  UK    THK  (jKN'KRAL   GliAND  CHAPTKR. 

General  Grand  High  Priest— Joseph  E.  Dvas, 
Paris,  111. 

Bep.  Gen.  Grand  High  Pries/:— William  c.  Swaiu, 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Gfii.  Gr  'lid  A'ing— Nathan  Kinssley, Austiii,  Minn. 

Oe)i.  Q)-and  Scribe— Bernard  (J.  Witt,  Hender- 
son, Ky. 

Geti.  Grand  Treasxirer— John  I\r.  Carter,  Balti- 
more, Md. 

Gen.  Grand  iSecj"eia7'2/— Christopher  G.  Fox,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. 


Gen.  Grand  Captain  of  the  Host— George  E.  Corson, 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Gen.    Grand    Principal   Sojou)-ner—Y reder'ick.  W. 

Crai!?,  Des  "Moines,  Iowa, 
Gen.  Granil  Royal  Arch  C«;>?ai?i— William  F.  Kuhu, 

Farmingtou.  Mo. 
Gen.    Grand  Master  3d   Foii— Bestor   G.  Brown, 

Topeka,  Kan. 
Gen.  Grand  ^^aster  2d  Vail — Charles  N.  Rix,  Hot 

Sprinsrs,  Ark. 
Geti.    Grand    Master  \st    VaU—3.  Albert   Blake, 

Boston,  Mass. 

The  ofTice  of  the  General  Grand  Secretary  is  at  Buffalo,  X.  Y'. 

The  number  of  Errand  chapters,  each  representing- a  State  or  Territory  (except  Pennsj-lvania  and 
Virginia),  is  44,  and  the  number  of  enrolled  subordinate  chapters  is  '2,(>8o,  exclusive  of  28  subordinate 
chapters  iu  the  Territories  of  the  United  States,  the  Sandwich  Islands.  Porto  Rico,  Cliile,  and  the 
Chinese  P^mpire,  which  are  under  the  immediate  jurisdiction  of  the  <;eneral  Grand  Chapter. 

The  total  membei-ship  of  t be  enrolled  subordinate  chapters  is  260,919.  The  degrees  conferretl  in 
Chapters  are  IMark  ^faster.  Past  :Master,  Most  Excellent  Master,  and  lloyal  Arch  Mason.  The  next 
triennial  meeting  will  be  held  in  1909,  at  Savannah,  Ga. 


KNIGHTS    TEMPLAR. 

Officers  of  the  Graxd  Excampmext  of  the  Uxited  States  of  America. 


Grand  Master— MenryW.  Rug?.  Providence,  R.  I. 
Diput})  Grand  Master— W.  I>.  ^lelisli, Cincinnati, O. 
GrandGenpralissimo—A.  ;MacArthur,  Troy.  N.  Y. 
Grand  Captai n-  Genrral—W .  F.  Pierce, San  F'n'sco. 


Grand  Senior  Wardeii-Jj.  S. Smith,  Piltsbiirsb,  Pa. 
Grand  Junior  Warde)i—J .  K.  Orr,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Grand  Treasurer— \l.  Wales  Lines,  Ct. 
Grand  Recorder— .'iohn  A.  Gerow,  Detroit,  Mich. 


The  olbce  of  tbe  Grand  Recorder  is  at  Detroit,  ISIich. 

Thenuniberof  grand  couunanderies  iu  the  United  States  and  Territories,  each  representing  indi- 
vidual States  or  Terriiories  (except  that  Massachusetts  and  J'vbode  Island  are  combined),  is  46. 
Cnmmanderies  subordinate  tQ  Grand  Commanderies.  1.201,  with  a  membership  of  171,204.  Com- 
manderies  subordinate  to  Grand  Eiicamoment,  8;  meinbership,  1.045;  total  immber  of  conmiand- 
eries.  1,209;  total  membership,  172.149.  The  next  triemdal  conclave  will  be  held  in  Chicago, 
111.,  August,  1910.  The  orders  conferred  in  a  Commanderv  of  Knights  Templar  are  Ked  (^ross. 
Knight  Templar,  and  Knight  of  Malta.  A  ^lason.  to  obtain  theseorders,  must  be  a  Master  Mason 
aud  Lloyal  Arch  Mason  in  good  standing,  an<l  a  member  of  both  Lodge  and  Chapter. 

COLORED    MASO?)^EC    BODIES. 

There  are  thirty-eight  grand  lodges  in  as  many  different  States  of  the  United  States  and  one  in 
Canada.  Tlie  Prince  Hall  Grand  Lodge,  of  :Nrassachusetts.  is  the  oldest  lodge,  having  been  organized  , 
in  the  year  1808.  It  was  theoutgrowth  of  African  Lodge,  Xo  459,  the  warrant  for  which  was  granted 
to  Prince  Hall  and  fifteen  other  colored  Masons  September  24,  1784.  The  number  of  colored  Masons 
iu  the  United  States  and  Canada  is  150,000 ;  Roval  Arch.  14.000;  Knights  Templar,  12,000;  Nobles  of 
the  M.vstic  Shrine,  2,000;  Ancient  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  IVfasons,  5,712.  The  Grand  Lodge  of  New 
York,  organized  in  1848,  has  jurisdiction  over  thirtv  lodges,  located  in  different  parts  of  the 
State.  The  total  membership  is  about  2,000.  H.  A.  "Spencer,  Grand  Master,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  ; 
Benj.  Myers,  Gra«4  Secretary. 

SOVEREIGN    SANCTUARY    OF    ANCIENT    AND    PRIMITIVE    FREEMASONRY. 

RITE  OF  MEMPHIS-IX  AXD  FOR  THE  CONTINENT  OF  AMERICA. 
M.I.  Grand  J>[aster-Ge)ieral... 11.  G.  Goodale,  96o  |  v.  I.  Grand  Chancellor-General.  .3.^.  Phillips, 95° 
V.I.  Gnnid  .Administrator- General.  W.F.  For(1.95^  i  V.  I.  Grand  Secretani-General.  .Y..'V.  Stewart,  95° 
Olhcial  address,  German  Masonic  Temple.  220  East  Fifteenth  Street,  New  Y'ork  Citv.  M.  I. 
Sovereign  Grand  Master  Harvey  G.  Goodale,  90o.  Jamaica,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  J.  Adelphi  Gott- 
lieb, M.  D. .  M.  A. ,  Lfv.  D.,  Legate  of  the  M.  I.  Sovereiirn  Grand  Master  aud  Sovereign  Sanctuary 
Embassy, '.25  West  106th  Street,  New  York  City,  U.  S.  A. 

The  Sovereign  Sanctuary  is  composed  of  Masons  who  have  received  the  95th  degree  of  Patriarch 
Grand  Conservator  of  the  Rite;  and"  has  jurisdiction  over  the  coutin^-m  of  America.  It  was  formally 
instituted  in  the  United  States  in  the  year  1850.^  The  American  body  is  iu  attiliation  with  the  various 
Masonic  powers  of  the  world  aud  has  a  regular  e.xchansre  of  Representatives  with  England,  Ireland, 
Xew  Zealand,  Italy,  Spain,  Roumania.  p:gypt,  etc.  The  Degreesof  the  Rite,  which  are  ninety  of  in- 
struction and  seven  ofhcial,  are  conferred  iu  the  subordinate  bodies  of  the  Rite  thus:  Fourth  to  18th 
degree  in  a  Chapter  Rose  Croix  ;  19th  to  42d  degree  iu  a  senate  of  Hermetic  Philosophers;  4od  to  90th 
degree  in  a  Council  of  Sublime  Masters  of  the  Great  Work. 


t^^'olJlc.Q  of  tijc  i^Pistic  <S!)rmc, 

The  Ancient  Arabic  Order  of  the  Xobles  of  the  Mvstic  Shrine  is  not  a  regular  Masonic  body, 
but  its  membership  is  composed  strictly  of  Masons  who  have  reached  the  32d  des-ree,  A.  A.  s.  Rite 
(18lh  degree  in  England),  or  Knights  Templar  in  erood  standing.  There  are  107  temples  in  the 
United  States,  and  a  total  membership  of  about  114.000. 

The  following  are  the  imperial  othcers  for  the  United  States  for  1907-08:  Imperial  Potentate. 
Frank  C.  Romidy,  Chicago,  IlL:  Imprrint  l)i pufy  Potentate,  Edwin  I.  Alderman,  Marion,  la.;  //»- 
perial  C/iief  Ra'j/ian,  George  L.  Street,  Richmond,  Va. ;  Imperial  Assi.sfant  Rnbban,  Fred.  A.  Hines, 
Los  Angeles,  Cai.  ;  Imperial  Hir/h  Priest  and  Prophet,  J.  Frank  Treat,  Fargo.  X.  IVik.  ;  Imperial 
Oriental  Guide,  William  J.  Cunningham,  Baltimore,  IMd.  ;  Imperial  Treasurer,  William  S.  Brown, 
523  Wood  Street,  Pitt'^burgh ,  Pa.  ;  Imperial  Recorder,  Benjamin  W.  Rowell,  206  Masonic  Temple, 
Boston,  !\Ia"?s.;  Imperird  Fir^t  Ceremonial  Master,  WWWam  W .  Irwin,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. ;  Imperia,l 
Seco)id  Ceremo)iial  Master,  Jacob  T.  Bai;ron,  Columbia,  S.  C.  ;  Imperial  Ma7-shal,^Fre(\er\ck  R.  Smith, 
Rochester,  X.  Y.  ;  Imperial  Captain  of  the  Guard,  J .  Putuam  Stevens,  Portland,  Me.;  Imperial 
Outer  Guard,  Henry  F.  Xiedringhaus,  Jr.,  St.  Louis,  Mo, 


406 


Order   of  Good    Ternjilar^. 


<m^  JFtllolusfjip* 


SOVEREIGN  GRAND  LODGE  OF  THE  INDEPENDENT  ORDER  OF  OOD  FELLOW^. 

OFFICERS. 


Grand  Sire—'E.  S.  Conway,  Chicago.  111. 
Deputy  Grand  Sire— J,  L.  Nolen,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Grand  'Sen-e/ary—John  B.Ciioodwin, Baltimore. ^Id. 
Assifont  Graiiil  Secretary ~S.  Edward  Kroh,  Balti- 
more, >rd. 
Grand  Treasurei — M.R.  Muckle.Philadelphia.Pa. 


Grand  Charjlain—'Rev.  J.  M.  Baker. 

Grand  3farshal—'E.    L.    Pilsbury,    Charlestown, 

]Ma.ss. 
Grand  Guardian— WiW  A. Steidley.Lake  Charles, 

La. 
Grand  Messenger— W .  L.  Brown,  Kiugman,  Kan. 


GRAND  L0DGP:S  AND  MEMBBRSHTP  IN  SUBORDINATE  LODGES. 
(Reported  to  tlie  Annual  Communication  in  1907.) 


Jurisdiction'. 


Alabama 

Alberta 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

British  Columbia.... 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Disti'ict  of  Columbia. 

Florida 

Georgia  

Idaho  

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Territory 

Iowa 

Kansa-s 

Kentucky 


No.  of 
^lembers 


20,186 

1,(544 

1.464 

22,8'i5 

3. 80-) 

40.it74 

11,710 

18,939 

2,728 

1,951 

3,497 

27.631 

6,849 

78,920 

72.578 

9,660 

53,738 

37.776 

23,556 


Jurisdiction. 


fjouisiaua 

Maine 

Manitoba 

Maritime  Provinces. 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

]Minne.sota 

Mississippi 

^Missouri 

Montana 

Xebra.ska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 


No.  of 
Members 


3, 

23, 

6. 

7, 

-   8, 

56, 

45, 

18. 

3. 
55. 

4, 

18, 

1, 

14, 

27, 

1, 

lOs, 

13, 

A 


176 

844 
569 
515 
465 
773 
021 
829 
944 
081 
575 
689 
425 
640 
805 
393 
535 
699 
676 


JURISDICTIOX. 


Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Ontario^.      .... 

Oregon 

Pennsj'lvania  .. 

Quebec 

lihode  Island.. 
South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota.. 

Tennessee 

Texas 


Utah 

Vermont 

Viri^inia 

Wa.shington.  .. 
West  Virginia. 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total 


No.  of 
Members 


80.631 

13,787 

34, 882 

13,071 

136, 6;  ;6 

3,74! 

6, 182 

4,613 

7,131 

34,559 

26, 154 

2,483 

6,814 

25,521 

17,348 

18.144 

17,592 

2,049 

i,316,.V20 


A 

m 

the  IManchester  Unity  of  odd  Fellow.s. 

The  Encampment  branch  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  numbers  193,846  members; 
Rebekah  lodges,  sisters,  347,223;  brothers,  188,728;  Chevaliers  of  the  Patriarchs  Militant,  20,001. 
The  next  meeting  of  the  Sovereign  Grand  LodsfC  will  be   at  Denver,  Colo.,  Septomlier  21-26, 1908. 

The  total  relief  paid  by  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  j'ear  endiuEr  December  31,  190t), 
was  $5,005,753. 37;  brothers  relieved,  128,110;  widowed  families  relieved,  6, 777;  paid  for  relief  of 
brothers,  $3,103,919.18;  for  widowed  families,  $160,198.77;  education  and  relief  of  orphans. 
$140,511.90;  burying  the  dead,  $946,637.04. 

INDEPENDENT    ORDER    OF    ODD    FELLOWS,    MANCHESTER    UNITY. 

Officers  of  New"  York  District:  W.  Wadds,  Prov.  G.  M.  ;  J.  Meade,  Deputv  Prov.  G.  IM.;  W. 
Woodfin.  Prov.  Treasurer;  Alex.   Lawson,  Prov.  C.  S.,  118  West  139lh  .St.,  New  York  Citv. 

ThisOrder  was  founded  in  1800  and  is  represented  throughout  the  Unit'd  States,  Canada, "Groat 
Britain  and  Ireland,  South  Africa.  Australia,  and  New  Zealand  by  444  districts,  4,981  lodges,  and 
1,021, 474  members,  witli  a  capital  of  $60,000,000. 

GRAND    UNITED    ORDER    OF    ODD    FELLOWS    OF    AMERICA. 

OFFICERS. 

Grand  Master— W.  L.  Houston,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Deputy  Gi-and  Master— L..  N.  Porter,  L.  Rock,  Ark. 
Grand  Treasurer— H .  .1 .  Davis,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Grand  Secretary— J.  Y.  Needham,  602  Spruce  St., 
Philadelphia.  Pa. 

This  organization  is  composed  of  colored  Odd  Fellows,  subordinate  to  G.  U.  O.  O.  F.  I'riendly 
Society,  Manchester,  England.  The  following  is  the  statistical  report  for  the  vearendinsr  August  31, 
1JK)7:  Lodges  enrolled,  5.203;  households.  3,239;  P.  G.  :M.  Councils.  323;  Patriarchies,  "156;  D.  (i. 
Lodges,  39;  juvenile  societies,  492;  district  households,  27.  Total  number  of  branches,  9,479. 
Total  membership,  352,540.  

©rtrcr  of  (Kootr  ^nnplarsi. 

THE  INTERNATIONAL  SUPREME  LODGE. 

Tnt.  Chief  Templar  —  Edvv^ard  Wavrin.sky,  M.  P. , 

Stockholm. 
Int.  P.  Chief  Templar— Jos.  Malins,  Birmingham, 

Eng. 
Int.  Counselor  —  Prof.    Lars  O.  Jensen,  Bergen, 

Norway. 
//(/.  Vice- Templar— 'Sim. .T.L.Yule, Belfast.Irelaiid. 
Int.  Siipt.  of  .Turf n He  H'07'A— Miss  Jessie  Fore.vth, 
.  27  Doane  St. ,  Boston.  Mass. 
Int.  Electoral  Supt.— Guy  Ilayler,  Newcastle-on- 

Tyne,  Eng. 


Grand  Directors— G.  H.  Mays,  Jack.sonville,  Fla. ; 
.1.  C.  Johnson,  Daltimore,  ^fd.;  A.  T.  .Shirley, 
Herndon,Va.  ;  T.  P.  Woodland,  New  Oilean's; 
W.  W.  Lawrence,  Newbern,  N.  C. 


In.t.  Secretary— Co\.  B.  V.  Parker,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Inf.  Assf.  Secretai-y—Rev.  Rees  Evans,  Lianwrtvd 
WeUs,  Wales. 

J)it.  Trrasurer—H9Tman  Blume,  Hamburg. 

Int.  Chaptain-Ri'V.  I\r.  Bruce  Meikieham, (Glasgow. 

Int.  Marshal— .].  W.  Howies,  Durban.  Natal,  S.  Afr. 

Int.  Dept.  Marshal  —  yU^  M.  E.  Wright,  Sydney, 
N.S.W.,  Australia. 

Int.  Messenr/rr—.h  A.  Simpson,  Amherst, N.Scotia. 

Int.  Guard—  Wm.  Arimtt.  Bombay.  India. 

Int.  Sentinel— B..  ."^andilands,  Dunedin.N.  Zealand. 
The  last  reoort  of  the  International  Secretary  returned  the  number  of  grand  lodges  in  the  world 
as69.  and  the  membership  as  407.645.  The  metnliorship  of  the  juvenile  branch  was  207,902.  The 
Good  Templars,  which  is  a  beneficial  order,  basted  on  total  abstinence,  are  organized  in  nearlv  every 
State  of  the  Union,  England,  Ireland,  Sclntland,  Wales,  (Tei-manv,  Dennuirk.  Sweden,  and  N*orwav, 
Canada,  West  Indies.  East.  West,  tmd  Bpnih  Afrira.  Australia,  New  Zealand.  British  India,  Iceland, 
and  other  countries.    Th?  Inlprnntl'ii^nf  ^upvoia-  r,t)due  «viii  !>Mr!  i«a  »iB«t  moctijag  a^  wjM»i*tBgton, 


Mp.mhership  of  J^raternrd   Orf/anizationfi. 


407 


^cTrrc  of  X\)t  ^ons  of  temperance. 


NATIONAL    DiVISEON 

M.  11':  Patriarch -B.n\a.ui\  31.  Eavcn:  osi,  405*2  Bar- 
inirSt.,  Philaclelpliia. 

"/.  W.  ^4A-.9ocio/e— HenrvO'Haro,  Toronto,  Out. 

M.  If.  .S'r)(6c— Ross  Slack,  118  Rose  .street,  Tren- 
ton. X.  J. 

M.  W.  lYeasnrer—'M.  M.  Eavenson,  PhiladelDhia. 


OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 

3r.  u:  Ch'ip(nin—T((.>\.  A.  D.  MacDonald,  Lamout, 
Alberta,  Canada. 

3f.  ir.  Co»(?wc^o> -A.  Htihley, Halifax, Nova  Scotia. 

J/:    If.  SeiitinH-Diwul  ^'liic^nv,  .]r..  Now  York. 

M.  ir.  fiiipt.  v.  P.  iro;A;-Kev"  Alfred JNoon,  Bos- 
ton, INTass. 


The  Order  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  was  organized  in  the  City  of  New  York  September  29, 1842. 
It  IS  eomnosed  of  subordinate.  Grand,  and  National  Divisions.  It  has  live  National  Divisions  -one  for 
North  America,  one  for  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  two  for  Australia, and  one  for  New  Zealand.  In  the 
course  of  its  existence  it  has  had  nearly  four  million  members  on  it-s  rolls,  fts  present  memhership  in 
North  America  is  34,879,  of  whom  13.537  are  in  tlie  United  Stales.  Its  fundamental  principle  is  total 
abstinence  from  all    intoxiratiiiEr  liquors. 

The  annual  session  of  the  National  Division  of  North  America  will  be  held  at  Saratoga  in  June, 
1908,  when  the  biennial  election  of  officers  will  occur. 


^ije  iioi)al  .Arcanum. 


^       _  SUPREME 

Supreme  E^nent— Robert  van  Sands,  Illinois. 
Supreme  Vir-^- Regent— C.'S.  Bowen,  Rhode  Island, 
Supreme  Orator— F.  T.  McFadeu,  Virginia. 
PaM Su}-trem€  Regent— H.  C  Wiggins.  New  York. 
Supreme  Secretary— A.  T.  Turner,  Massachusetts. 
Supreme  Treasurer— 'E.  A.  Skinner,  New  York. 

The  membership  of  theOrler  October  31.  1907,  was  241. .503;  the  number  of  grand  councils,  30, 
and  subordinate  councils,  2,061.  The  Supreme  Council  was  organized  at  Boston  June  23.  1877,  and 
incorporatedunderthelawsof  .Massachusetts.  Numberof  deaths  to  October  31,1907.41,14.5.  Beueiits 
paid  to  October  31, 1907,  $112,862,855.31.    Emergency  fund,  October  31,  1907,  $3,684,697.33. 


COUNCIL. 

Supreme  Audifor—Wnx.  F.McConnell,New  York. 
Supreme  Cfiaplain—HeY.  K.  H.  Leisenring,  Penn- 
sylvania. 
Supreme  IToj-d^n— S.  S.  Babcock,  Michigan. 
Supreme  Sentry— D.  R.  Benedict,  Colorado. 


Bntflijt^  of  i^^tfjias* 

SUPREME    LODGE. 


Supreme  Chancellor— Cha,v\&^  A.  Barnes,  111 
Supreme  ince-ChanceUor-Henry  P.  Brown, Texas. 
Supreme  Prelate— heo  A.  Caro,G  rand  Rapids,  Mich. 
Su.preme    Keeper   of  Records  and   Seal—H.   L..   C 

White,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Supreme  MuMer  of  Exchequer— Thos.    D.  Meares, 

Wilmington,  N.  C. 
Supreme  ^.faster  at  ^?-7ns— Noble  Binns, Trail,  B.C. 

Membkkship,  JAxr.\RY  1,  1907. 


Supreme  Inner  <?uarcZ— Samuel  H .  Davis,  Davis, 

Okla. 
Supreme  Outer  Guard — 


President  Board  of  Control,  Endoiomeat  Rank—C 
F.  S.  Neal,  Manhattan  Building,  Chicago.  111. 

Major-  Qeneral  Uniforin  Rank— Axihxxv  3.  Slobbard, 
St.  Paul,  Minn. 


Aiabarna 

10,541 

Illinois 

57,020  [Michigan 

59, 793  Minnesota... 

17,495 

X.  Dakota. . . 

3.1.341 
77,951! 

Utah 

1.730 

Arizona 

1,558  Indiana 

8,733 

Ohio 

Vermont 

2.182 

Arkansas  — 

6,815 

Indian  Ter  .. 

4.802  JMississippi.. . 

9,285 

Oklahoma . . . 

3,893,  Virginia 

5,740 

Br.  Columbia 

2,731 

Iowa 

24,186  iMissouri 

26,832 

Ontario 

2.281 

Washington  . 

7,155 

California 

17,4.51 

Kansas 

12.007  j Montana 

2,835 

Oregon 

5,594] 

W.  Virginia.. 

12,430 

Colorado 

7,805 

Kentucky 

12.029  iXebra'^ka.... 

6,728 

Pennsvlv'  nia 

49,802|; Wisconsin  ... 

9.727 

Connecticut.. 

7,522 

Louisiana 

7.558  Nevada 

1,270 'Quebec.' 

383  Wyoming. ... 

1,241 

Delaware 

1,402 

Maine 

16,002  New  Hamp.. 

6.618'lRhode  Island 

2,790  Subordinate 

Dis.  of  Col... 

1.630 

Manitoba 

1.243  [New  Jersev.. 

14,187  S.  Carolina... 

10,829, 

lodges 

822 

Florida 

5,967 

Mar.  Prov's.. 

2,028  iNew  Mexico. 

1,411  S.  Dakota.... 

2,927j 

Georgia 

13,034 

Maryland 

10,233  New  York... 

23,628i  Tennessee  ... 

11,843 

Total 

671,162 

Idaho 

2,444  Massach'tts  . 

22,309  N.  Carolina.. 

7,944!  Texas 

23,587l 

Meuibership  of  the  Insurance  Department  (Life  Insurance),  82,358,  representing  an  aggregate 
insurance  of  $126,317,000.  Membership  of  the  militar.v  department,  25.274.  The  office  of  the 
Supreme  Keeper  of  Records  and  Seal  is  at  Nashville,  Tenn.  The  next  biennial  conveution  of  the 
Supreme  Lodge  will  be  held  at  Boston,  Mass. ,  beginning  August  4,  1908. 

i^emtiersijip  of  JFttiterual  ^rgautiatious. 


AccoiiDiXG  to  the  last  reports  of  the 
Alm.\x.\c,  the  membership  of  the  principal 
as  follows  : 

Odd  Fellows 1,679.060 

Freemasons 1,342,620 

Modern  Woodmen  of  America 851.441 

Knightsof  Pythias 671,162 

Independent  Order  of  Ftechabites 4'18,000 

Woodmen  of  the  World 505,398 

ImprovedOrder  of  Red  Men 406,774 

Knisrhtsof  the  Maccabees 300,000 

Royal  .Arcanum ,    241,503 

Ancient  (Jrder  of  United  Workmen 234,952 

Independent  Order  of  Foresters 256,035 

Orderof  Kagles 275.588 

Foresters  of  America 24^617 

Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks..    26i),ooo 

Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians 217.000 

Knightsof  Columbus 18'3.142 

JuniorOrderof  United  .Amer.  .Mechanics..    177. .553 

Ladiesof  the  Maccabees 155.8hvj 

Knights  of  the  .Modern  Maccabees 115,(<00 

Ladies'  Catholic  Benevolent  Association...     95,500 


supreme  bodies  of  these  organizations  to  The  Wort.d 
fraternal  organizations  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  is 

Tribeof  Ben  Hur 92,.^00 

Kyights  and  Ladies  of  Honor 96,200 

Improved  Order  of  Heptasophs 76,210 

Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle 73.000 

National  Union 61,203 

Brotherhood  of  American  Yeomen 61,671 

Protected  Home  Circle 60,771 

Cathoiie  ISfutual  Benefit  Association 58,6;J4 

Orderof  Gleaners 56,000 

Court  of    Honor S8,634 

Brith  .\brahara  Order 53.853 

New  England  Order  of  Protection 46,686 

Knightsof  Honor 40,126 

Ancient  Order  of  Foresters 41,008 

United  Orderof  American  Mechanics 36,554 

Sons  of  Temnerance 34.879 

Independent  Order  of  B'  nai  B'  rfth 85,870 

Knights  of  Malta 28,000 

Smaller  organizations 382 ,.552 

Total 10,104.561 


40S  Aeronautics   In  1907. 


Aeronautic*!  in  1907. 

MOTOR    AEROPLANES. 

Since  the  first  aeroplane  types  of  flying  machines,  designed  by  Maxim  and  Lllienthal, 
the  work  of  inventors  and  scientists  along  the  line  of  motor-driven,  heavier-than-air 
flying  machines  has  aliown  steady  progress.  \Vhilt;  the  gonerai  type  of  machines  of  past 
exueriments  has  been  more  or  less  adliered  to,  there  have  been  niany  improvements. 
Motors  have  been  made  stronger  and  lighter,  problems  of  rising  and  alighting  saft^ly 
solved,  and  additional  scientific  knowledge  of  aerial  conditions  has  been  gained.  The 
general  and  most  popular  design  is  that  of  the  simple  aeroplane,  supported  by  air,  through 
which  it  is  propelled  by  detaclied  force.  There  have  been  many  radical  but  experimental 
departures  from  the  aeroplane  type,  none  of  which,  however,  have  sliown  any  great 
degree  of  success.  Among  these  radical  types  is  the  Helicopter,  the  production  of  Otto 
Luyties,  of  Baltimore,  Md.  The  design  of  the  machine  embraces  several  pairs  of  huge 
wings  and  two  or  more  upright  revolving  propellers,  the  latter  operated  by  a  100-horse 
power  motor  for  the  purpose  of  lifting  the  machine.     The  entire  weight  is  l,Tt30^ pounds. 

Achievements  in  the  form  of  sustained  flight,  power  to  rise  and  descend  without 
mishap,  and  to  guide  the  machine  in  a  circular  flight  are  confined  to  the  Wright 
Brothers,  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  the  Brothers  \'oisin,  whose  aeroplane,  constructed  on 
lines  laid  down  by  M.  Octave  Chanute,  was  driven  in  a  successful  flight  on  November 
y  and  11,  rJ07.  at  Paris  by  IvI.  Henry  Farman.  The  aeroplane  on  the  first  attempt 
rose  slowly  from  the  ground,  and  in  one  minute  and  fourteen  seconds  completed  a  circle. 
Notice  of  the  flight  was  not  given  to  the  French  Aero  Club,  and  Mr.  Farman  could  not 
be  awarded  the  Deutsch-Archdeacon  prize  of  $10,000  offered  to  the  aviator  who  first 
completes  a  circular  kilometer  in  the  air. 

This  flight,  however,  is  still  far  behind  the  achievements  of  the  Wright  Brothers  in 
1905  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  when  in  the  presence  of  reputable  witnesses  one  of  the  brothers 
remained  in  the  air  38  minutes  and  3  seconds,  making  a  circular  flight  of  24V-;  miles. 
Officials  of  the  Aero  Club  of  America,  at  the  International  Congress  held  in  New  York 
on  October  2S,  1907,  admitted  that  in  flights  of  man-carrying  gasless  machines  the 
Wright  Brothers  are  far  ahead  of  all  competitors.  What  the  Wright  Brothers  have 
accomplished  in  the  last  two  years,  or  since  their  24-mile  flight,  is  only  problematic.tl. 
It  is  conceded  that  they  have  made  still  further  progi-ess,  and  it  is  not  unlikely  that 
before  the  elapse  of  another  year  prolonged  flights  of  motor-driven  aeroplanes  may  be 
witnessed.  The  Wright  Brothers  have  established  one  curious  point — that  a  really 
successful  flying  machine  will  develop  speed  in  excess  of  anticipations  based  on  the 
motor's    efficiencj'. 

Santos-Dumont,  in  his  Helicopter,  made  the  first  public  demonstration  of  man-flight 
without  gas  support,  travelling  about  300  yards.  His  efforts  were  eclipsed  by  Mr.  Farman 
in  a  successful  flight  on  October  26,  1907,  near  Paris,  when  he  drove  his  aeroplane  nearly 
half    a    mile. 

Although  not  a  matter  of  authentic  record,  it  is  reported  that  M.  Esnault  Pelterie,  in 
a  flying  machine  described  as  half  automobile  and  half  aeroplane,  succeeded  in  making 
a  series  of  flights  near  Paris,  turning  in  the  air.  rising  and  descending  at  will.  The 
machine  resembles  a  butterfly,   with   the  wings   controlled   by  means  of  levers. 

DIRIGIBLE    BALLOONS. 

Since  aerial  navigation  was  first  contemplated  no  year  has  recorded  such  progress 
hi  dirigible  airships  at  that  of  1007.  It  may  be  called  the  year  in  which  the  availability 
of  sufficiently  light  and  powerful  motors  first  enabled  experimenters  to  realize  the  chief 
dreams  of  aerial  flight.  The  airship  of  the  general  type,  first  controlled  in  flight  by 
Santos-Dumont,  has  entered  definitely  into  the  military  establishments  of  the  great 
Powers.  It  has  been  adopted  by  France,  Germany,  and  England,  and  an  aerial  bureau 
is  being  contemplated  by  the  United  States  Government.  The  three  chief  requirements 
of  the  airship — speed,  endurance,  and  control — have  been  attained  in  a  measure  sufficient 
to   make   them   of  use   in   military  operations. 

In  the  military  airship  is  foreseen  the  possibility  of  being  able  to  pass  over  an 
enemy's  country  without  effective  opposition  from  its  defenders.  It  will  no  longer  be 
possible  to  maintain  a  position  with  troops  disposed  secretly.  It  will  not  be  possible 
in  the  campaigns  of  the  future  to  move  a  regiment  by  day  or  night  as  long  as  the  air 
is  infested  with  scouts.  Ths  Hague  Conference,  on  August  19,  passed  a  ruling  forbidding 
the  dropping  of  projectiles  upon  hostile  positions  from  balloons  or  aerial  machines.  It  is 
not  known  how  far  it  may  prove  possible  to  employ  airships  in  actual  hostilities,  but  it 
is  almost  certain   that   the  next  great  war  will  witness  their  use. 

The  British  militarv  airship,  Nulli  Secnndus,  the  only  one  that  has  thus  far  been 
put  through  a  course  of  te.=;ts  by  the  British,  has  not  shown  itself  to  be  in  the  same 
class  with  the  German  and  French  inventions.  Its  speed  is  about  21  miles  an  hour  through 
the  air.  a  rate  inferior  to  that  of  the  airships  of  other  armies.  There  is  no  record 
showing  that  it  remained  in  fiight  at  anv  time  for  a  period  over  an  hour. 

The  German  authorities,  disquieted  by  the  demonstrations  of  efficiency  given  by  the 
French,  airships  early  in  1007  turned  their  attention  to  producing  something  their  equal 
or  better.     During  the  Summer  thev  tried  out  three  distinct  types. 

The  airships  of  the  French  Government,  of  which  it  now  owns  four,  are  all  descend- 
ants of  the  original  Lebaudv  airship,  purchased  from  the  Lebaudy  Brothers  in  190."..  The 
Lebaudy  TI.  was  the  first  airship  owned  bv  the  Government.  Two  others,  the  Patrie  and 
the  Republique.  were  completed  and  tried  out  during  1007,  and  a  fourth  is  now  under 
construction.  These  dirigibles  are  all  built  with  a  .gas  bag  about  200  feet  long  and  33 
feet  in  diameter.  The  under  side  is  lined  with  a  flat,  firm  plate,  which  takes  the  place 
of  the  suspended  framework  of  other  types  of  airships.  It  gives  stiffness  to  the 
elongated  bag  and  prevents  it  from  buckling  in  the  wind.  To  this  bottom  piece  Is 
suspended  the  car.  with  a  propeller  on  either  side.  The  gas  ba^  is  equipped  with  side 
and  rear  fins  to  insure  stability,  and  with  a  rudder  in  the  rear. 

The  Patrie  wa=  put  through  a  series  of  flights  lasting  from  June  27  until  August  8.  On 
July  22  Prime  Minister  Clemenceau  and  Minister  of  War  Picquart  made  an  ascent  aboard 


Aei'onautlcs   in   1007.  409 


AERONAUTICS  IN  lOQl— Continued. 


the  Patrie  and  stayed  in  the  air  over  an  hour.  This  occurrence  caused  much  comment 
in  other  countries  and  did  more  than  any  single  incident  to  malce  observers  outside  of 
France  aware  that  her  military  airships  had  gone  beyond  the  purely  experimental  stage. 
On  August  S  the  Patrie  made  another  trip  which  attracted  notice.  It  was  driven  a  distance 
of  26  miles  against  a  15-mile  wind  from  the  shed  to  the  Chateau  of  Rambouillet,  the 
residence  at  that  time  of  the  President  of  the  French  Republic,  M.  Fallieres.  The  airship 
remained  there  for  an  hour  and  returned  to  the  starting  point,   after  a  trip  of  3V_>  hours. 

The  German  Government  has  experimented  with  dirigible  balloons  of  three  types. 
The  medium  type  corresponds  more  nearly  to  the  approved  French  airship.  The  two 
extreme  types  are  the  flexible,  represented  by  the  airship  of  Major  von  Parseval,  and  the 
rigid,  embodied  in  the  production  of  Count  von  Zeppelin.  The  flexible  airship  aimed  to 
attain  the  form  most  easily  portable  from  place  to  place  on  the  earth.  The  rigid  type 
strove  for  size,  lifting  capacity  and  endurance.  The  Pstfseval  type  aimed  to  bf;  a 
campaign  balloon  that  could  be  depended  on  for  service  wn  the  field.  The  Zeppelin 
device,  of  enormous  size,  was  built  to  be  as  steady  as  a  ship  in  the  air.  "While  the 
Parseval  was  able  to  ascend  and  descend  frequently,  the  Zeppelin  was  built  to  stay  in 
the  air  for  davs  at  a  time. 

Von  Zeppelin's  airship,  the  largest  of  its  kind  ever  built,  was  purchased  by  the> 
German  Government.  It  is  the  greatest  attempt  at  an  airship  of  shiplike  size  that  has 
ever  been  floated.  If  the  accounts  of  its  performances  during  the  Summer  of  1907  are 
correct,  it  has  gone  somewhat  faster  and  considerably  farther  than  any  of  its  rivals. 
The  balloon  part  is  420  feet  long  and  40  feet  thick.  This  approaches  more  the  shape  of 
a  lead  pencil.  The  bag  has  a  polygonal  instead  of  a  perfectly  round  surface,  and  the 
full  thickness  is  carried  almost  to  the  ends. 

The  gas  capacity  of  the  Zeppelin  dirigible,  which  is  between  300,000  and  400,000  cubic 
feet,  enables  it  to  lift  several  tons.  Two  motors  form  part  of  its  equipment.  There  is 
abundant  buoyancy  for  all  the  fuel   that  need  be   stored  for  a  thousand  mile  voyage. 

The  Zeppelin  airship  has  attained  a  speed  as  high  as  33  miles  an  hour,  and  has  made 
a  trip  of  220  miles  and  back.  This  gives  to  the  Germans  the  record  for  long-distance 
voyages  by  airship.  Count  von  Zeppelin  asserts  that  his  dirigible  balloon  is  capable  of 
going  a  week  without  landing  or  refilling.  It  has  already  stayed  up  for  a  period  of 
seven  hours,   much  longer  than   that   of  any  other  airship. 

In  the  development  of  dirigible  airships  in  the  United  States  aeronauts  have  not 
attained  the  same  degree  of  perfection  that  has  rev/arded  the  efforts  of  experimenters 
abroad.  Stevens,  Baldwin,  Knabenshue,  Beachey,  and  Thomas  an9  others  of  lesser  note 
have  confined  themselves  almost  entirely  to  experiments  with  airships  of  small  dimensions 
and  limited  power.  Many  inventors  have  been  sadly  handicapped  by  lack  of  funds.  At 
the  exhibition  of  the  St.  Louis  Aero  Club,  held  at  St.  Louis  in  October,  1007,  a  series  of 
highly  successful  contests  were  held,  in  which  the  stability  and  perfect  control  of  airships 
were  conclusively  demonstrated.  A  feature  of  the  aerial  contests  was  the  flight  of 
Cromwell  Dixon  in  his  sky-cycle.  The  machine  consisted  of  an  oblong  gas  bag.  from 
which  was  suspended  a  frail  framework  supporting  the  operator,  who  propelled  the 
machine  by  means  of  pedals  and  a  sprocket  wheel  geared  to  the  propeller.  The  sky- 
cycle  was,  equipped  with  a  rudder  in  the  rear,  and  could  be  guided  successfully  in  a 
moderate  breeze.  On  June  20,  1007,  Lincoln  Beachey,  in  his  dirigible  airship,  made  a 
successful  ascension  at  Staten  Island.  The  operator's  seat  was  astride  of  a  triangular 
frame  five  feet  below  the  cigar-shaped  gas  bag.  The  balloon  was  52  feet  long  and  16  feet 
in  diameter,  and  contained  6,500  cubic  feet  of  hydrogen  gas.-  The  propeller  was  in  front 
and  jlriven  by  a  four-cylinder  four-cycle  gasoiene  engine.  A  driving  power  of  400 
revolutions  a  minute  was  obtained. 

As  a  result  of  the  steady  improvement  in  dirigible  balloons  and  the  successful  experi- 
ments of  the  French  and  German  governments,  the  United  States  War  Department  has 
signified  its  intention  of  taking  vip  aerial  navigation  in  connection  with  the  future  operations 
of  the  Army  and  Navy.  In  December  Brigadier-General  James  Allen,  chief  of  the  Si.gnal 
Corps,  announced  that  by  the  first  of  the  year  bids  would  be  opened  for  the  first  two  dirigi- 
ble balloons  of  the  United  States  War  Department's  Atlantic  fleet.  The  specifications  will 
call  for  dirigibles  of  25,000  cubic  feet  capacity,  witih  30  or  40  h.  p.  engines,  and  capable  of 
carrying  two  persons  with  ballast  and  remaining  in  the  air  at  least  three  hours.  The  air- 
ships are  to  cost  about  $5,000  apiece.  A  representative  of  the  Navy  has  arranged  to  hold  a 
series  of  tests  at  Fort  George.  New  York,  with  the  Thomas  airship.  This  airship  differs 
from  the  common  type  in  that  its  buoyancy  is  obtained  by  means  of  oxygen  gas.  Walter 
Wellman  abandoned  his  attemipt  to  reach  the  North  Pole  when,  in  September,  his  airship 
during  a  trial  flight  encountered  a  storm  and  was  wrecked  on  a  glacier  near  Spitzbei-gen. 
King  Victor  Emanuel  announced  in  October  that  he  would  present  a  cup  for  an  international 
dirigible  balloon  competition  to  be  held  at  Turin  ^in  1911. 

BA'LLQONING. 
The  United  States  during  the  year  1007  became  the  theatre  of  action  for  balloons  and 
balloonists  throughout  the  world.  As  a  result  a  degree  of  interest  was  aroused  which 
has  given  an  enormous  impetus  to  the  investigation  of  this  department  of  aerial  naviga- 
tion. Ballooning  is  no  longer  indulged  in  wholly  by  professional  aeronauts.  As  a  sport 
it  has  attracted  many  men  of  wealth.  Hundreds  of  enthusiasts  during  the  past  year 
have  enrolled  themselves  as  members  of  aero  clubs.  The  three  principal  clubs  in  the 
United  States,  at  New  York,  Philadelphia  and  St.  Louis,  have  more  than  doubled  their 
membership.  Balloon  ascensions  have  become  such  a  commori  practice  that  people  are  nu 
longer  amazed  at  the  sight  of  one  up  among  the  clouds.  This  is  especially  true  in  France* 
where  it  is  seldom  that  on  a  clear  day  one  or  more  balloons  or  airships  may  not  be  seen 
sailing  over   Paris. 

All  new  records  in  ballooning  established  In  1907  were  made  in  tjie  United  States. 
The  international  balloon  race  for  the  James  Gordon  Bennett  Cup,  which  started  from 
St.  Louis  on  October  21.  resulted  in  the  breaking  of  all  balloon  records,  both  for  distance 
covered  in  a  single  flight  and  time  spent  above  the  earth.  The  contest  was  won  by  Dr. 
Osca-r   Erbsloeh   in    the    German    balloon    Pommern,    whicli   landed   at    Asbury   Park,    N.    J,, 


410 


Ocean  Marine  .Insurance. 


AEIIONAUTICS  IN  ir>01— Continued. 


876%  miles  from  St.  T^ouis.  Alfred  Leblanc.  in  the  French  balloon  Isle  de  France, 
travelled  87O04  miles,  descending  at  Herbertsville,  N.  J.,  only  six  miles  away  from  the 
winner.  The  other  contestants  travelled  the  following  distances:  Captain  von  Abercron, 
in  the  Dusseldorf,  SOO  miles;  J.  C.  McCoy,  in  the  America,  735%  miles;  Alan  R.  Hawley. 
in  the  St.  Louis,  1\(jV2  miles;  Paul  Meckel,  'in  the  German  balloon  Abercron,  GS9%  miles; 
Rene  Gasnier,  in  the  French  balloon  Anjou,  6741^  miles;  Major  Henry  B.  Hersey.  in  the 
United  States,  625i,4  miles,  and  Griffith  Brewer,  in  the  English  balloon  Lotus  II.,  358% 
miles.  M.  Leblanc,  in  the  French  balloon  Isle  de  France,  established  a  new  world's 
record  for  duration  of  flight.  The  balloon  was  in  the  air  44  hours  and  2  minutes.  The 
best  previous  record  was  that  of  35  hours  and  40  minutes,  made  by  Count  de  la  Vaulx 
on  his  famous  flight  into  Russia  in  1900.  The  race  in  1!)08  for  the  Bennett  Cup  Vv'ill  take 
place  in  Germany.  Following  the  St.  Louis  race  the  International  Aeronautic  Congress 
was  held  in  New  York  on  October  27-28.  The  Congress  was  attended  by  prominent 
aeronauts  and  scientists  of  Europe  and  America. 

The  Lahm  Cup  was  contested  for  and  won  by  Captain  Charles  De  F.  Chandler  and 
J.  C.  McCoy,  who  started  from  St.  Louis  on  October  17  and  landed  in  Roan  County, 
'\\''est  Virginia,  on  October  19,  covering  a  distance  of  475  miles.  Another  conspicuous 
flight  in  1907  was  that  of  Dr.  Wegener,  who  went  from  Berlin,  Germany,  to  Enderby, 
England,   a  distance  of  812  miles  in   19  hours. 

Early  in  the  year  the  United  States  War  Department  placed  an  order  for  $12,000  worth 
of  balloons  for  experim.ental  purposes  to  be  used  at  the  United  States  Aerial  Station  at 
Fort  Omaha,  Neb.     The  balloons  are  intended   chiefly  for  signal  work. 

On  November  9  Dr.  Oscar  Erbsloeh.  with  Captain  T.  T.  Lovelace  and  four  other 
passengers,  made  a  flight  from  Philadelphia  to  New  York  in  the  German  balloon  Pom- 
mern,  demonstrating  that  the  flight  of  a  balloon  could  be  governed  by  making  use  of  the 
various  air  currents.  The  plan  of  flight,  which  was  announced  a  week  in  advance,  was 
carried  out  in  a  highly  successful  manner,  the  result  proving  that  the  direction  of 
flight  of  a,  balloon  may  be   controlled  by  the  occupants  of   the  basket. 


Capital  J3unisf)mrnt» 

I.v  Italy  there  is  no  capital  punishment,  audit  has  been  abolished  in  theStatesof  Maine,  Michigan, 
Wisconsin^  Rhode  Island,  and  Kausas;  Ci)lorado  and  Iowa  have  both  restored  it  after  brief  periods 
of  abolition.  As  to  the  methods  of  carrying  out  death  sentences:  the  guillotine  is  employed 
publicly  in  France,  Belgium,  Denmark.  Hanover  and  two  cantons  of  Switzerland,  and  privately 
in  Bavaria,  Saxony,  and  also  in  two. cantons  of  Switzerland.  The  gallows  is  used  pul)licly  in  Austria, 
Portusraland  Russia;  and  privately  in  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  except  in  New  York  and 
KewJersev,  where  the  electric  chair  has  been  substituted.  Death  by  the  sword  obtains  in  fifteen  can- 
tons in  Switzerland,  in  China  and  Russia,  publicly,  and  in  Prussia  privately.  Ecuador,  Oldenhuig 
and  Russia  have  adopted  the  musket  publicly;  while  in  China  they  have  strangulation  by  the  curd, 
and  iu  Spain  the  garrote,  both  public;  and  id  Bruusvvick,  death  by  the  axe. 


^rta  of  tijr  @^rcat  jLattCiS  of  tifte  ggnitctr 


Greatest  length  in  miles 

Greatest  breadth  in  miles 

(Greatest  depth  in  feet 

Area  in  square  miles 

Drainage  in  square  miles 

Height  above  sea- level  iu  feet 

liatltude,  degrees  north / 

Longitude,  degrees  west 

Boundary  li  ne  in  miles 

United  States  shore  line  in  miles 


S'lpevior. 

390 

160 

900 

32,000 

85,000 

600 

460  4nv 

480  50V 

S40  30V 

920  15V 

3(.0 

955 


Michitran. 


345 

84 

1,800 

22,400 

70,040 

578 

41  o  1.5V 

450  55V 

840  40V 

87°  08V 

None 

1,320 


Huron. 


270 

105 

1.000 

23,000 

74,000 

574 

430  20V 

4(JO  lOv 

8O0  lOv 

840  30V 

220 

510 


<Statrs, 

EHp. 

Ontario. 

250 

•       190 

60 

52 

204 

412 

10,000 

6,700 

y9,(i80 

29.760 

5r,4 

234 

410  20V 

430  lOV 

420  50V 

440  i()\ 

7SO  3,>\ 

760  20V 

830  lOv 

790  50V 

200 

160 

3?0 

230 

ea.sualts  Jlnsurancr.  m  tje  mnittn  .States. 

TxRURAXCKin  force  January  1.  1907.  -P.-rsonal  Accident  and  Health,  83,750,000,000;  Sfoam 
Boiler. $750,000,000:  PlateGlass,  $100.(,«  0,000;  Employers'  Liiihilitv  (estimated),  ei. 800. 000, 000; 
Fidelity,  $900,000,000;  Surety,  $1,0^0,000,000;  Credit,  $40,000,000;  Burglary,  !?40, 000,000. 

CASUALTY    AND    SURETY    INSURANCE    BUSINESS    IN    1906. 

The-following  was  the  business  transacted  in  the  United  States  iu  1906  by  the  thirty-seven  com- 
panies transacting  a  miscellaneous  iu.surance  business: 


Class  of  Bl'sinfss. 


Burglary 

Credit 

Fidelity  and  Surety 

Health .. 

Liabilitj' 


Prein.  Received    Lfr^ses  Puid.  i  P.C. 


Class  of  I5u-*in  '^s. 


$1,995,960 
1,798,629 

12,300,120 
3.217.811 

19,3.58.417 


$680. 854;34.81 1  Personal  Accident.. 

664.410'3:».6llr^late(Uass 

5.03s,;W3l41.0rsteam  Boiler 

1,224.441138.8'  Sprinkler 

8.    02, 951 '46.0  I    


Prem.  KeieiveU   I  osses  Paid.  I  P.C. 


5il6,298,486 

2.609  024 

2,171,126 

119,751 


$6,68:5,5.59  41.0 

1,034,202|;S9.6 

282.527113.0 

30,826  25.7 


(©ccan  JHarmc  £n.?3uvance. 


Fifteen  marine  In.surance  companies  rf^norling  to  the  New  York  State  Insurance  Department  ha( 
n  .Tamuiry  1,  1907,  a.s.sets  of  $23,201,275,  net  surphi.s  o»"  §7,600,025,  and  risks  iu  force  of  fSOl,- 


on 
288 


Li;fe  Insurance  Progress  in  the    United  States. 


411 


ANNUAL    PREMIUM    RATES    OF    PRINCIPAL   LIFE    INSURANCE    COiyiPANIES." 


Companies. 


Whole    Life  roncy. 


Atce 
21. 


Ml-aa..     .    

$19.8'.- 

Berkshire 

19.:;4 

Columi)ian  Xationnl  . 

18.59 

C'Diiecticiit  (iener  il  ^ 

15.49 

Connecticut  Mutual.. 

18. -40 

Ecj'iit  ib'f,  la 

17  69 

Equitable,  N.  V 

19.62 

(iermania 

19.32 

Hartford 

19  52 
19.01 

Home 

John  Hancick. . 

19.. '^4 

Manhattan 

19. 5:-! 

Mass.  .Mutual 

19.34 

M  tr.ii>()Iitanf 

16.18 

Michigan  Mutual 

19.12 

Mutual  Be'ietit 

18.40 

Mutual,  .V.  Y 

19.5; 

National,  Vt 

19.13 

18.90 

Kew  York 

19.62 
19.50 

Northwestern 

P.icific 

18.;-10 

Penn 

19.12 
19  19 

Phoenix 

Proviilent  L.  an.l  T.. 

17.80 

Provident  Savings.. . 

19.15 

Prudential      

19.43 

Uoyal  Union 

18. SO 

State  Mutual,  Mass. . 

19.35 

Travelleist 

15.70 

Union  Central 

18.90 

Union  Mutual 

19.28 

United  States 

19.30 

"Washington 

19.53 

Net  premiums, Ameri- 

can, 3  per  cent 

14.72 

Net  premium':,  Ameri- 

can, 3>^  per  cent  .. 

13.77 

Age 


$24.. vS 
23.96 
2:i.2I 
19.34 
22.85 
22.63 
24.38 
23.99 
24.14 
23.72 
23.96 
24.18 
2;. 96 
20.20 
2.;.  75 
22.85 
24.18 
23.77 
2:;. 50 
24.;>8 
24.22 
2.!.  00 
23.75 
2:!.  86 
22.70 
2:;.  43 
24.13 
23.30 
23  95 
19.60 
23.35 
23.95 
23.90 
24.18 


A;;e 

40. 


18.28 
17.19 


$32.56 
:;2.48 
31.73 
26.44 
30.94 
31.57 
.■'.3.01 
32.48 
32. 5H 
32.4; 
.32.48 
32.76 
32 .  48 
27.62 
32.16 
30.94 
32.76 
32.18 
32.20 
33.01 
32.80 
31.65 
32.16 
32.36 
31.50 
31.38 
32.68 
32  20 
32.50 
26.79 
31.55 
32.43 
32.20 
.•-:2.76 


A  KB 

50. 


24.75 
23.50 


$46.''5 
47.9VI 
47.24 
39.36 
45.45 

47  71 
48.48 
47.72 
47.81 

48  28 
47.99 
.J8.39 
47  99 
41.12 
47.23 
45.45 
48.:  9 

47  27 
47.90 
48. 4« 
48.17 
47.55 
47.23 
47.68 
47.00 
45.94 
47.9'.' 

48  50 
48.00 
39.89 
46.49 
47.63 
47.60 
48,39 

36.36 
34.99 


Age 
60. 

7i.47 

76.72 

63.9 

72.8:; 

76.75 

77.69 

76.48 

77.97 

77^47 
78.09 
77.47 
66.78 
76.83 
72.83 
78.09 
75.75 
77.70 
77.69 
77.20 
77.00 
75.69 
76.94 
76.40 
7:;  71 
76  91 
79.90 
77.45 
64.7'.i 
74.88 
76.3;> 
76.70 
78.09 


20-PAYMEi\'T  Life  Policy. 


58.27 
56.83 


Age 
21. 

$28.52 
28.09 

28  08 
22.85 
28.17 
24.99 
29.84 

29  18 
28.64 
27.68 
28.09 
'I^  28 
28.09 
24.22 
27!  90 
28.25 
28.28 
28.99 
27.40 
29  84 
29.:;5 
27.95 
28  98 
28.83 
24.60 
28.37 
28.75 
26  20 
28.10 
23.17 
27.28 
29.00 
28.00 
28.28 


23.48 
21.06 


Age 
30 

$33.'40 
3J.98 
32.95 
26.83 
32.62 
30.  IS' 
34.76 
34.02 
33.69 
32.67 
32.98 
33.20 
32.98 
28.42 
32.88 
32.87 
33.20 
33.78 
32.30 
34.76 
34.24 
.32  85 
33.76 
33  65 
29.70 
3;.(!0 
33  50 
31.10 
33.00 
27.18 
31.99 
33.83 
33.00 
33  20 


Age 
40. 


27  19 
24.71 


$41.34 
41.18 
41.00 
33.40 
39.77 
38.82 
42.';  9 
41.92 
42.00 
41.06 
41.18 
41.46 
41.18 
35.37 
41.11 

40  38 
41.46 
41.62 
40.1,0 
42.79 
42.24 
41.20 
41.60 
41.54 
37.84 
40.70 
41.25 
39.80 
41.20 
3:1.8:; 
39.89 
41.74 

41  30 
41.46 


33.14 
30.75 


Age 
.50. 

$53^91 
54.98 
54.43 
44  37 
51.54 

53  33 
56  1 
55.14 
55.56 
55.22 
54.98 
55.38 
54.98 
46.95 
54.69 
52.87 
55.38 
54.69 
54.70 
56.17 
55.59 
54. 9f 
54.65 
54.73 
51.26 
53.48 

54  17 
54.80 
55.00 
44.90 

53  19 

54  95 
55.30 
55.38 


42.95 
40.82 


Age 
60. 

jr77Tr7 

81.09 

65!  09 

79!  24 

80  "25 
77.97 

8i!09 
81.71 
81.09 
68.83 
79  52 
76.60 
81.71 
79.52 


80.97 

80.80 
79.46 
79.85 


78.72 
83.20 
81.10 
66  l:; 
78.35 
80.05 
81.80 
81.71 


20-Year  E.ndowmbnt  Policy. 


Age   I   Age 
21.        30. 


59.85' 


$48.10 
49.54 
48.68 
42.17 
48.9 
45.94 
50.07 

48  67 
49.41 
48.96 
49.54 
49.73 
49.54 
43.81 
48.18 
47.75 

49  73 
48.49 
48.20 

50  07 
48.86 
48.65 
48.48 
47.84 
44.25 
48.71 
48.65 
48.20 
49.55 
42.83 
47  85 
48.64 
49  50 
49.73 


40.81 
38.94 


$48.97 
60.74 
49.39 
42.81 
49.64 
47.06 
51.31 
49.97 
51.21 
50  2s 
50 .  74 
50.96 
50.74 
44.45 
49.74 
4«  83 
50.96 
49.74 
49.60 
61.31 
50.20 
49.35 
49.72 
49.16 
45.63 
49.411 
49.99 
49.60 
50  75 
43.46 
49.01 
49.92 
50.80 
50.96 


41.37 
39.51 


Age 

Age   1 

40.         50. 

$51.37  $57.72 

63.69 

61.75 

61.47 

58.08 

44.66 

60.46 

61.62 

67  89 

50.88 

60.18 

54.:;i 

62.34 

53.03 

61.09 

54.01 

61.69 

53.46 

61  93 

53.69 

61.75 

53.98 

62.15 

53.69 

61.76 

46.33 

52.27 

52.72 

60  63 

61.48 

58.81 

53.98 

62.16 

62.72 

60  63 

62  80 

61  30 

54.31 

62  34 

53.34 

61  54 

51.40 

68.00 

52.70 

60.59 

52.27 

60.33 

48.64 

56.55 

51.59 

59.24 

53.13 

61.30 

53.00 

62.00 

53.70 

61.75 

45.30 

51   11 

51  88 

59.6s 

52.97 

60.99 

53.80 

62.10 

53.98 

62.15 
48.24 

43.01 

41.18 

46.46 

Age 
60.^ 

$79.81 
67!03 

82!l3 

83'.87 

69!  36 

78^48 
83.87 
81.40 

sales 

8i'34 

81.27 
77.60 
79.33 
82.64 
85.50 

e'Jisa 

80.42 
81.98 
83.90 


61.65 


"*  For  $1 ,000  at  maturity  of  policy,    f  Non-participating  rates. 

The  rates  for  intermediate  ages  can  be  approximated  by  comparison  with  the  rates  stated.  The 
variation  in  tlie  rates  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  policj'  conditions  (surrender  values,  incontestable 
clausevS,  etc.)  are  more  liberal  in  some  companies  than  in  others,  and  because  some  have  employed  a 
4  per  cent,  basis  for  the  calculation  of  their  premiums,  while  othei-s  have  u.sed  3  or  3^  per  cent. 

The  rates  for  as.sessment  and  fraternal  organizations  are  lower  than  those  given  above,  but  being 
dependent  upon  the  mortality  experienced  each  year,  they  are  variable  and  subject  to  constant  change. 

The  above  table  of  Annual  Premium  Rates  was  prepared  for  Thk  Worlb  At.manac  by  S. 
Herbert  Wolfe,  Consulting  Actuarv,  New  York.  Any  new  kinds  of  policies  issued  ia  1908  will 
involve  a  different  classification  of  rates. 


%iU  JInmirance  J^rogrcss  in  tje  WLnitfn  ^iaitn. 

It  is  within  the  past  sixty  years  that  the  vast  business  of  life  insurance  in  the  United  States  has 
been  developed.  Tlie  experimental  stage  was  ende  I  and  the  era  of  advance  was  opened  when,  in 
1843.  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York  began  business,  its  first  policy  having  been 
issued  on  February  1  of  that  year. 

Since  then  a  large  number  of  life  insurance  companies  have  been  established.  The  following  list 
inclii  les  those  now  transacting  business  which  had  their  inception  between  1843  and  1860  inclusive, 
arranged  according  to  the  date  of  the  first  policy  issued: 

Mu'ual  Life  Insurance  Company,  1843,  February  1;  New  England  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany (1),  1844,  February  1;  New  York  Life  Insurance  C^ompany,  1845,  April  17;  Mutual  Benefit 


Massachusetts  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  1851,  August  2;  Phoenix  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
Company,  18.51,  Si^pteml)er  11;  Berkshire  Life  Insurance  Company  (4),  1851,  October  27;  North- 
western Mutual  Life  [nsnrance  Company,  1858,  November  25;  Kquitable  Life  Assurance  Society, 
18.59,  .July  28;  Wasliingtoii  Life  Insurance  Comnany,  1860.  February  2;  Home  Life  insurance  Com- 
pany, 1860,  May!;  Geruiania  Life  Insurance  Company,  1860.  July  16. 

How  life  insurance  has  progressed  since  the  early  part  of  1843  is  shown  in  the  subjoined  table 
by  periods  of  years  as  indicated,  assessment  insurance  not  being  included. 


December  31. 


1843 

1867 ■ 

1892 

Ig99  

■''''^^ 1. 


Amount  of  Outstanding 
Insurauce. 


if!6,500.000 

1.235,000.00!) 

4.898,000.000 

6.266,000,000 

13,706,797,784 


Amount  of  Assets. 


$1,000,000 

124.534,000 

907,441.000 

1..576,o00,OO0 

2.924,253,848 


412 


TJfe  In^uranee  Statistics, 


Hffr  ^Insurance  .Statistics. 


CONDITION    OF 


REGULAR     LEGAL    RESERVE   COMPANIES    JANUARY    1,    1007, 
AND    BUSINESS    THE    PRECEDING  YEAR.* 


No. 

OF 

Cos. 


Assets. 


$2,924,253,848 


Premiums 
Received. 


Total 
Income. 


$626,594,698    $667,185,592 


Payments    to 
Poiifjholders 
(Losses,    Div- 
idends, Sur- 
renders,  &cJ 


$2S7,325,6i'9 


Total  F.x- 
peuditures. 


$;426,8fil,363 


New  Policies  Issusn. 


No. 


Amount. 


5.111,704!   !r2,081,!'41,713 


Policies  in  Forck. 


No. 


Amount. 


•3,634,i!52l$13.706,7'j7,-.84 


CONDITION  AND  BUSINESS  OF  ASSESSMENT  COMPANIES  AND  ORDERS. 

No. 

Assets. 

Assessments 
Collected. 

Totil 
Iiicome. 

Payments  to 
Poliryholders 

Total  Ex- 
penditures. 

New  Policies  Issued. 

Inslranck  in  Kouck. 

Cos. 

No.of            . 

No.       1      Amount. 

Men,bers.         An.onut. 

717 

$76,502,396 

$106,240,824 

$119,826,958 

$87,295,720 

$104,071,2381+1,500,000  .tl,238,i50,605|7,503,737i$8,718,301.306 

•Including  industrial  policies.        t  Estimated. 
The  returns  of  lile  insurance  in  the  first  three  tables  were  compiled  from  "The  Insurance  Year- 
Boot,  ' '  published  by  The  .Spectator  Jompany. 


INCOME  AND  DISBURSEMENTS  FOR  TWENTY   YEARS. 

The  following  table  shows  the  receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  ''old-line"  life  insurance  com- 
panies reporting  to  theNew  York  Insurance  Department  for  twenty  years: 


Year 

.Vo.  of 

Ending 

Com- 

Dec.  31. 

panies. 

1886.... 

29 

1887.... 

29 

1888.... 

30 

1889.... 

30 

1890.... 

30 

1891.... 

29 

1892.... 

31 

1893.... 

32 

1894.... 

33 

1895.... 

35 

1896.... 

36 

1897... 

35 

1898. . . . 

35 

1899. . . . 

.37 

1900.... 

40 

1901.... 

38 

1902.... 

39 

1903.... 

42 

1904... 

42 

1905... 

43 

1906.... 

43 

Total  Income. 


$116,961,315 
130 ,65  7, 526 
147,024,431 
168,184,699 
187,424,959 
201,931,425 
223,024,998 
2.36,683,206 
256,624,478 
266,897,200 
279,373,107 
301.268,179 
320,306,169 
355,946,005 
392,358,741 
437,935,470 
488,736,272 
534,161,859 
580.743,959 
614,712,(t82 
632,446.618 


Tot.ll  Pay- 
ments for 
Losses,  Enilow 
inents,  and 
Annuities. 

~$38'^7¥.390 

42,827,054 

48,569,964 

53,081,834 

58,606,615 

62.731,497 

72,576,866 

75,903,820 

78,313,162 

84,791,622 

90,146,264 

92,688,307 

98,465.681 

111,788,691 

120,945,587 

135,674,468 

142,777.004 

158,131,967 

171,804,278 

179,795,591 

183  626,623 


Total  Paymenis 

for  Lapsed, 
Surrendered,  and 
Purchased  Policies. 


§9,433,379 
10,413,379 
11,234.569 
12,240,142 
13,827,225 
16,230,891 
15,658,759 
19,839,418 
23,164,108 
22,889,493 
26,368,039 
26,431,312 
26,436,307 
23,080,965 
22,190,804 
23,907,412 
26.346.122 
31,497,758 
35,916,236 
42,,366,560 
55.178,177 


Total 
Dividends  to 
Policyholders. 


Total 
Payments  to 
Policyholders. 


$13,218,286 
14,852,624 
14,324,827 
13.951.069 
14,271,501 
13,991,226 
14,386,195 
14  823,176 
14,577,455 
15,297,604 
17,083,169 
18,425,1971 
19,694 ,634  i 
20,917,143 
22,5b8,261 
23,811,649 
26,589,715 
30,617.368 
33. ,334 ,133 
35,795,581 
39,782,313 


$60,928,054 

68.003.557 

74,129,360 

79,273,667 

86,707,341, 

92,953,614 

102,621,820 

IK  ,566,414 

116,054,725 

122,978,718 

1.34.219,515 

137,544,815 

144,566,622 

1.55,786,799 

165,704,652 

183,393,529 

195,712,841 

220,247,094 

241.054,647 

257,957,732 

278,587,113 


Taxes,  Com- 

mi.s.sions,  and 

other  Expenses. 


$21,066,540 

25,031,101 

27.905.878 

34,898,168 

39,616,782 

42,350,372 

49,665,7iiO 

55,205,3:^6 

61,073.545 

62,052,872 

64,160,732 

67,582,025 

72,667  590 

86,622,697 

94,782,U23 

103,051,203 

116,474,384 

128,440,557 

1.38,202,722 

134,986,906 

124,797,879 


Total  Dis- 
bursements. 


$82,319,096 
93,447,289 
103,369,145 
114,503,360 
126,653,530 
135,792,048 
152,890,333 
166,-512,254 
177.863,333 
185,772,902 
199,173,299 
205,806,394 
218,063,363 
243,154,558 
261,467,2:58 
287,181,045 
.312,931.556 
349,453,708 
:^80,049,H76 
39a,74:i,139 
404,215,088 


ASSETS    OF    AND    AMOUNT    INSURED    BY    THE    PRINCIPAL    AMERICAN    COM- 
PANIES   JANUARY    1,    1907. 


Companies. 


New  York  Life,  N.  Y 

Metropolitan,  N.   Y 

Mutual  Life,  N.  Y 

Equitable,  N.   Y 

Prudential,  N.  J 

Northwestern  Mut.,  Wis.. 

Mutual  Benefit,  X.  .1 

Penn  Mutual,  Pa 

jEtna  Life,  Ct 

Union  Central,  Ohio 

Massachu.setts  Mutual 

ProvideutLife  &  Trust, Pa. 

New  England  Mutual 

Connecticut  Mutual 

Jno.  Hancock  Mut., Mass.. 

Travelers'  (Life  Dept.) 

National  Life,  Vt 

State  Mutual,  Mass 

Fidelity  Mutual,  Pa 


Insurance 
in  Force. 


Gross 
A.s.sets. 


§2.029 

1,692 

1.517. 

1,376 

1,253 

819 

417 

396, 

261. 

242, 

202 

182 

173 

171 

167, 

166, 

148 

118. 

118. 


,605,718 
,868,585 
257,180 
,676,:S69 
,102,.571 
,2-52,279 
:^13,747 
319,522 
:^62,984 
141.715 
496.761 
,679,;i67 
396,203 
,701.156 
069,389i 
7:^5,543 
797,787 
48,180 
143.518 


$478,933,733 

179,504.637 

497.091,656 

442.096,:353 

127.817.226 

221,318,395 

105,-506.885 

8:^,716.952 

84,123,586 

55,673,481 

43,375,485 

61,794,750 

40.6.54,066 

66,438,248 

42,604,934 

42,165,198 

37 ,511, .373 

29,076,011 

13,090,873 


Companies. 


(.lennania,  N.  Y 

Phcenix  INIutual,  Ct 

Pacific  Mutual,  Cal 

Provident  Sav.  Life,  N.  Y. 

Home  Life,  N.  Y 

State  Life,  Ind 

Mut.  Reserve, N.  Y 

Manhattan  Life.  N.  Y 

['uioM  Mutual,  Me 

Berkshire  Life,  Ma.ss 

Washington  Life,  N.Y..  .. 

Hartford  Life,  Ct 

Security  Mutual,  N.  Y.  .. 

Michigan    Mutual 

Columbian  National , 

National,  of  U.  S.  A , 

Illinois  liife 

United  States,  N.  Y 

Franklin  Life.  Ill 


In.surance 

(iro.ss 

in    Fierce. 

As.sets. 

$114,539,361 

!^^7, 680,399 

97,5^3,284 

21,2:^,414 

97,069,420 

12.901,085 

94,530,269 

9,728,169 

86,113,559 

19,175,044 

81,047,860 

5,370,613 

80,407,420 

5.445,007 

74.407,461 

19,647,357 

67,0.38,856 

12,694,607 

65.110,667 

15,604.281 

61,032.283 

18,776,936 

57,0.50.683 

3,921.946 

51,042,299 

4,a36,476 

49,740,084 

9,881.226 

49,125,222 

3,697.817 

46,436,066 

7,226,236 

43,364,8.56 

6,000,218 

37,409,422 

8,982,358 

33,465,050 

3,345,336 

LIFE    INSURANCE    IN    VARIOUS    COUNTRIES. 

Irr?urance  in  force,  Un'ted  states  (including  a.ssessmei 
426,124,000;   Germany,  $1,400,000,000;    France,  .S76r 
000,000;  Switzerland,  $70,300,250;  Russia,  §47,925,979. 


^,^^.,„,  ,  .-  .--Eluding  a.ssessmeut  insurance),  $22,425,099,090;  Great  Britain, 

$4,42b,124.000;   Germany,  $1,400,000,000;    France,  .8760,000,000;    Austria,  §370,621,530;    Scaudiuavla,$130.- 


tjife  insiiranee   Statistics. 


413 


LIFE  INSURANCE  STATISTICS— CoJi^mu^d. 


RECEIPTS    AND    DISBURSEMENTS    IN    1906    OF    COMPANIES    REPORTING   TO 
THE    NEW    YORK    INSURANCE    DEPARTMENT. 


COMFAMBS. 


-ttna  L'fe . 

Berkshire 

Connecticut  Mutual 

Equitable,  Xew  York 

Fideiity  Mutual 

Gerurani-i 

Hartford  Life 

Home,  XiW  York 

Illinois  Life 

Jolin  Hancock 

Life  Ins.  Co.  of  Virgiuia. 

Manhattan 

Mass;ichusetts  Mutual. .. . 

Metropolitan 

Michigan  Muluiil 

Mutual  Beuefit 

Mutual,  New  York 

Mutual  Keserve 

National  U.  S.  A 

National.  Vermont 

New  El. gland  Mutual 

New  Y'ork  Life 

Northwestern  Mutual 

Pacific  Mutual  

Penn  Mutual 

Phoenix  Mutual 

Provident  Life  and  Trust. 

Provident  Savin;is 

Prudenti:il.. 

Security  Mutual,  N.  Y 

State  Life 

State  ^Mutual 

Travelers 

Union  Central 

t'nion  Mutual 

Vnited  States. 

Washington 


Recbipts. 


Premiums 
lleceived. 


Interest 
Received. 


$I0,36C,54& 
2,507,447 
5,5-26,594 

57,285.250 
4,206,255 
4,940,571 
2,181,908 
3,516,8';6 
1,414,787 

16,375,639 
2,097,I4'.i 
2,634,032 
7,27H.o41 

59,537,161 
1,636, -'5: 

15,706,915 

58,317,867 
3,877.112 
1,820,514 
6,139.117 
6,lU2,841 

82,:;68,737 

31,839.731 
3,728,652 

15,405,543 
3,819,477 
7,38J,141 
3,526,663 

48,274,170 
1,677,856 
2,742,500 
4,462,093 
5,624.373 
8,958,406 
2.522,144 
1,230,495 
2,531,474 


Total 
Income. 


DlSBURSK  .M  KNT8. 


$3,424,852 

608,694 

2  519,573 

16,973,017 

451,277 

1,443,614 

1 '.3,407 

730,584 

245,297 

1.510,656 

112,626 

620,446 

1,763,1181 

5,549,933 

450,412 

4,560,748 

19,752,225 

156,791 

299,366 

1,559,870 

1,615,91* 

16,381,085 

9,536,'14S 

440,112 

3,635,1 '9 

980,220 

2,572,118 

231,449 

4,-:35.486 

135,349 

161,947 

1,106,031 

1,819,022 

2,>78,251 

4.53,573 

408,592 

5'J9,411 


$13,985,234; 
3,237,418, 
8,746,3441 

76,854,694 
5,511,118 
6,655,220, 
2,332, 56l| 
4,423,986j 
1,740,1451 

18,206,6661 
2,217,332 
3.665,062! 
9,267,092 

66,695,826 
2,104,319 

20,434,289 

81,883,633; 
4,226,235' 
2,151,637, 
7,790,454' 
8,084,0261 
100,90-', 179 

41 ,9.33.329 
6.942,2431 

19.587,452| 
4,847,6101 

10,542,227 
4,496,0681 

53,525,0591 
l,86.5,5Slj 
3,005,629- 
5,744,24lj 
7,926.331 

11,968,080 
3,222,195' 
1,7.39,>S9 
3,439,9471 


Death 

Claims 

Paid. 


Matured 
Endow- 
ments. 


$3,065,248 

771.981 

4,264,455 

18,695,395 

1,364,506 

1,310,573 

1,5>0,661 

911.253 

419.814 

4,471,016 

618,592 

1,106,066 

2,179,917 

15,850,522j 

544,715 

5,098,584 

21,034,051 

1,978,451 

318,134 

1,495.476 

2,155,747 

2I,5'.'5,407 

^,4^6,927 

771, H71 

3,649,4(i9 

1,032,385 

1,589,190 

1,682,631 

12,847,S.S1 

587,744 

458,959 

1,254.733 

1,930,729 

1,900,936 

68.".,365 

660,176 

948,671 


$2,294,375 

129,0fe5 

266,456 

4,072,568 


Lapsed 
and  Sur- 
rendered. 


1,131,732 

1,000 

304,784 

19,375 

144,493 

1,770 

147,475 

275,488 

.101.512 

314,106 

1,329,159 

4,710,548 


Dividends  iTotal  Paid 


to  Policy- 
holders, 


3,608 

444,243 

425,963 

4,-59,734 

1,664,416 

65,085 

1,3::3,927 

240,350 

2,028,523 

24,000 

95,466 


423,269 
6'.i6,186 
527,049 
76,195 
99,719 
498,671 


$815,575 

444,407 

620,467 

13,315,688 

179,165 

497,116 

33.358 

293,514 

414,656 

623.078 

24,675 

323,264 

623,456 

976,423 

191,426 

1,659,011 

6,4h3,751 

1,101,584 

126,318 

710,9311 

711,271 

11,907,041 

5,219,919 
373,329 

1,457.276 
354,382 
565,173 
371,366 

1,973,639 
50,176 
226, .■37 
64i,203 
310,051 
641,068 
361, it  26 
320,665 
453,806 


Policy- 
holders. 


$867,013 
333,117 
1,153,827 
7,289,735 
?.7,895 
310,607 
55,942 
317,714 
40,980 
1,145,-382 
44,579 
91,417 
1,074, ^00 
2,360,511 
36,448 
2,122,452 
2,785,919 
82,y29 
5,384 
223,750 
658,561 
4,s35,124 
7,366,426 
246,046 
1,248.482 
355,452 
1,256,031 
188,749 
1,270,935 
17,1% 
106.702 
549,416 
37,443 
866,175 
176,787 
94,683 
98,735 


$7,048,441 
1,679,045 
6,32i;,783 
44,457,439 
l,6ii2,980 
3,287,413 
1,670,961 
1,867,708 
896,625 
6,389,835 
690,199 
1,680,200 
4,153,361 
19,456,665 
1,0!<6,695 
10,372,161 
37,736,684 
3,163,717 
455,566 
3,0S5,625 
3,951,-^42 
44,'.i7 1,419 
21,»00,231 
1,466,971 
7,932,7.U 
1,993,929 
5,521,215 
2,282,122 
16,245,588 
655,408 
792,198 
2,774,738 
2,998,120 
3,957,461 
1,302,571 . 
1,195,045 
2,035,283 


DISBURSEMENTS.-Continued. 


Co.MPANIKS. 


JEin%  Life 

Berkshire 

Connecticut  Mutual 

Equitable,  New  York 

Fidelity  Mutual 

Germ.ania 

Hariford  Life 

Home,  New  York   

IH'nois  Life 

John  Hancock 

Life  Ins.  Co.  of  Virginia. 

Manhitian 

Massachusetts  Mutual 

Metropolitan 

Michig  in  Mutual 

Mutual  Benefit 

Mutual.  New  York 

Mutual  Reserve 

National,  U.  S.  A 

National,  Vermont 

New  Euifland  Mutual... . . 

New  Y'ork  Life 

Northwestern  Mutual 

Pacific  Mutual 

Penn  Mutu.il 

PhoBuix  Mutual 

Provident  Life  and  Trust, 

Provident  Savings 

Prudential 

Security  Mutual,  N.  T. . . . 

State  Life 

State  Mutual 

Travelers 

Union  Central 

Union  Mutual 

United  States.    

WashiDgton 


Commis- 
sions 
Paid. 


$1,245,444 
263,233 
478,904 

6,7.33,253 
819,848 
887,270 
151,430 
712,707 
269,289 

4,499,878 
676,254 
517,566 
826,633 
13,599,105 
323,660 

1,677,694 

5,786,190 
430,615 
451,434 
915,869 
737,348 

9,157,396 

3,551,892 
857,024 

2,031,109 
707,461 
687,115 
720,389 
10,939,595 
434,532 
764,111 
534,424 
795,868 

1,186,417 
497,340 
165,192 
366,321 


Salaries 
Paid. 


$245,218 

58,688 

171,453 

1,-327,074 

179,949 

148,819 

87,092 
136,208 

93.598 
511,227 
133,513 
115,604 
1>;2,562 
2,314,717 

61,739 

326.967 

1,265.318 

297,562 

78,941 
152,0o7 
181,823 
1,272,194 
589,637 
156,034 
316,828 
102,b38 
302,793 
180,260 
1,548,765 

81,104 
131,5'"4 

78,529 
130,596 
191,481 

97,978 

59.959 

95,093 


All  Other 
E.\penses. 


$348,398 
134,212 
431,719 

l,.*<26,77o 
267,018 
240,186 
59,415 
166,652 
170,760 
793,596 
131,177 
291,742 
203,009 

3,230,739 

91,502 

553,672 

2,611,762 

446,919 

88,188 

204,746 

274,392 

2,546,564 
695,217 
257,438 
694,353 
178,900 
172,538 
319,364 

2,316,638 
125,492 
134,197 
165.419 
274,170 
465,337 
156,622 
86,146 
195,431 


Dividends 
to  Stock- 
holders. 

$200,000 
1,785 


7,000 


24,000 

40,000 

15,000 

7,000 


27,000 
16,000 


140,000 
25,000 


62  500 


200,000 


10,000 
'  3b",800 


Taxes. 


$365,850 

29.801 

205,763 

735,166 

70,855 

57,079 

26,001 

64,153 

19.590 

194,227 

41 .228 

49,457 

129,096 

871,527 

33,938 

425,121 

783,741 

44,581 

27,!<01 

142,182 

114.496 

959.971 

727,622 

44,347 

431,582 

102.722 

98,715 

65,040 

95.<',591 

30.457 

47,442 

77,139 

83,943 

159.336 

48,630 

20,834 

39,082 


Profit  and 
Less. 


(40,300 
560 


174,732 

664 

1,869 

8,934 

15.930 

.3,061 

28,185 

1,903 

1,862 

26,232 

30,218 

3,063 

156,713 

361,055 

22,372 

9,341 

118,^'04 

117,171 

64,737 

23,662 

349,585 

75,602 

850 

391,018 

126,392 

21,708 

11,323 

1,610 

62,494 

6,844 

126,180 

280,402 

18,672 

1,011) 


Total 
Expenses. 


$2,470,905 

504,948 

1,445,091 

11,269,116 

1,380,025 

1,396,071 

379,573 

1,121,733 

589,156 

6,098,136 

1,013,361 

1,058,738 

1,441, :-il8 

20,359,039 

545,271 

3,183,851 

11,444,303 

1,265,122 

667,898 

1,553,439 

1,477,909 

14,.358,784 

6,841,443 

1,740,735 

3,515,008 

1,106,506 

1,711,029 

1,474,190 

16,203,559 

699.506 

1,091,178 

954,517 

1,506,932 

2,181,816 

1,098,670 

394,542 

166,794 


Total 
Disburse- 
ments. 


$9,519,346 
8,183,993 
7,767,874 

55,726,555 
2,983,005 
4,683,484 
2,050,534 
2,989,441 
1,485,781 

12,487,971 
1,703,560 
2,738,9:;8 
5,594,679 

39,815.704 
1.681,966 

13.556,012 

49,lH0,987 
4,428,839 
l,12:s464 
4,639,064 
5,429,451 

59,330.203 

27,641,674 
3,207,736 

11,447,742 
3,100,436 
7,232,244 
3,766,312 

32,449.147 
1.354,914 
1,883,376 
3,729,255 
4,505,052 
6,139,277 
2,401,241 
1,589,587 
2,802,077 


414 


JFire  Insurance  Statistic^. 


iFitr  Knsurancc  Statistics^ 


CONDITION    AND    TRANSACTIONS  OF  COMPANIES    DOING    BUSINESS    IN  THE 
UNITED    STATES    YEAR    ENDING    JANUARY    1,    1907. 


Number  of  Companies. 

Capital. 

Assets   Exclusive  of 
Preiniiiiii  Notes. 

$554,331,113 

Net  Surplus. 

Cash  Premiums  Re- 
ceived during  Year. 

Total  Cash  Income 
during  Year. 

iJ74  Stock* \ 

257  Mutual / 

$84,290,590 

$176,942,570 

$301,036,893 

$350,223,127 

Number  of  Companies. 

Paid  for  Losses 
during  Year. 

Paid  for  Dividends 
during  Vear. 

Kxpenses  otiier  than 

Losses  and  Divi- 
dends during  Year. 

'J'otal  iJisliurse- 

nients  during 

Year. 

Rislis  Written 
during  Year.  ■ 

374  Stock* 1 

257  Mutiml j 

$278,173,623 

$24,211,689 

$104,498,039 

$406,883,351 

t$30,000,000,000 

*  Including  35  Lloyds,  t  Approximation.  These  statistics  of  lire  insurance  business  in  the  United 
States  are,  with  the  exception  of  the  estimate  of  risks  written  during  the  year,  compiled  from"  The 
Insurance  Year- Book,"  published  by  The  Spectator  Company.  They  do  not  include  the  returns  of 
a  lew  stock  companies  and  some  500  mutuals  and  town  and  couuty  luutuuls,  whose  transactJous  are 
purely  local  and  individually  of  small  volume. 


CONDITION     OF    THE     PRINCIPAL     JOINT-STOCK     COMPANIES     DOING 
NESS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES    JANUARY    1,    \907.* 


BUSI- 


Companies. 


Home,  Xew  York 

Hartford,  Ct 

Continental,  New  York. 

..Etna,  Ct 

German- American,  N.  Y 

lloj'al,  England , 

Liverp.,  London  &  Globe 
Tns.  Co.  of  N.  America. 

Phenix,  New  York 

Phoenix,  Ct 

Eire  Association,  Pa 

Commercial  Union,  Eng. 

National,  Ct 

Springfield  E.&M 

N.  British  &  Mercantile 

Queen,  New  York 

Pennsylvania  Fire 

American,  N.  J 

Connecticut  Fire 

Germania,  N.  Y 

American  Central,Mo.. . 

Boston,  Mass 

Niagara  Fire,  N.  Y 

Scottish  Union  &  Nat'l. 

Firemen's,  N.  J 

Northsvestern  Nat'  1,  Wis 
St.  Paul  F.&  M..Minn.. 
New  Hampshire  Fire. . 
Northern,  England.... 
Hanover  Fire,  N.  Y... 


Admitted 

Assets. 


Capital, 


$20,839,174 

19,049.930 

17,030,600 

15,950,844 

13,798,7.30 

12,903,822 

12,335,961 

10,630,125 

9,501,321 

7,610,658 

7,290,722 

7,179,301 

7,076,853 

6.936,261 

6,712,617 

6,506,637 

6,361,.o73 

5,805,643 

5,401,598 

5,178,071 

5,111,813 

4,993,363 

4,463,263 

4,448,912 

4,394,069 

4,365,095 

4,346.626 

4,. 31 0.836 

4,248,912 

4,228,427 


$3,000 
2,000 
1,000 
4,000 
1,500 
t  200 
t200 
8,000 
1,500 
2,000 

750 
t200 
1 ,000 
2,000 
t200 
1,000 

750 

600 
1,000, 
1,000 
2,000 
1,000 

750 
t200 
1,000 
1,000 

500 
1,000 
1 200 
1,000 


,000 
000 
,000 
,000 
.000 
.000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
000 
,000 
,000 
000 
,000 
,000 
000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
000 
000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
000 


Net 
Surplus. 


Companies. 


$7,408,355 
2,783,254' 
8,428,734 
4,207,736: 
5,130,426 
2,130,046 
4,623.651 

888,272: 
1,626,824 
1,263.323 
1,431,468 
1,613,066 
1,030,098' 
1,122,880 
2.687,485| 
1,094,933; 
1,402,721, 
1,463,510, 

859,460 
1,094,933 
1.026,730 
2,297,443 
1,020,208 
2,186,506 
1,915,686 
1,118.853 

738,180 
1,259,392 
1,183,907 

892.290 


Fireman's  Fund,  Cal. 
Globe  &  Eutgers.N.Y. 

Glens  Falls,  N.  Y 

WestchesterFire,N.Y. 

Munich,  Germany 

Sun,  England 

London  &  Lancashire. 

Palatine,  England 

Phoenix,  England 

Norwich  Union, Eng. . 
Mil  wan.  Mechanics' ... 
Providence-Wash.,li.i 
Agricultural,  N.  Y.  ... 

Federal,  N.   J 

Western,  Canada 

Franklin,  Pa 

London  Assurance 

Williamsb'rghCN.Y. 
Girard  F.  &  M.  ,Pa.... 

Hamburg-Bremen 

BulT'alo-(ierman,N.Y. 

Rossia,  Kussia 

Caledonian,  Scotland. 
Royal  Exchange,  Eng. 
Spring  Garden,  Pa.  ... 

jOrient,  Ct 

Security,  Ct 

Atlas,  England 

United  Firemen's,  Pa. 
Delaware,  Pa 


Admitted 

As.sets. 


Capital. 


$4,124,190 
4,097,284 
3,945,388 
3,738.676 
3.518,064 
3.556,754 
3,465,371 
3,248,580 
3,229,896 
3,172,691 
2,759,179 
2,559.64 
2,521.649 
2,521,625 
2,493,155 
2,491,576 
2,441,320 
2,342,872 
2  338,450 
2,319,585 
2,311,343 
2,261,5.32 
2,155,909 
2.117,670 
2.067,333 
2,057,943 
1,987,946 
1,959,636 
1,934,485 
1,864,662 


$800,000 

4()(J,000 

200, UOO 

300,000 

1 200 ,000 

t  200,00(1 

t  200,000 

t  200.0(li 

1 200,000 

•f  200,000 

500,000 

5t)0,(!00 

500,000 

l.()00,0()() 

1 200  ,(100 

400,000 

1 200,000 

250,000 

500,000 

1 200 ,000 

200,000 

1  200,000 

1 200,000 

1 200,000 

400,000 

500,000 

500,000 

t  200.000 

400,000 

400,000 


Net 
Surplus. 


$382,640 

1,253,853 

1,886,054 

1,011,275 

707,341 

931,095 

1,057,897 

1,106,243 

942,225 

827,816 

453,787 

154,904 

877,796 

252,992 

483,990 

315,171 

650,600 

764,094 

465,308 

406,029 

1,470,214 

403.551 

527,225 

876,522 

157, ,554 

260,362 

350,405 

633,181 

75,730 

137,891 


*  Annual  statements  of  the  fire  insurance  companies  are  rendered  to  the  insurance  departments 
during  the  month  of  January;  therefore  the  statistics  of  condition  January  1,  1908,  were  not  ready 
when  this  publication  went  to  press. 

t  The  New  York  law  requires  a  deposit  of  $200,000  from  foreign  companies  with  the  insurance 
department.  This  is  treated  by  the  department  as  "deposit  capital,  "and  the  surplus  stated  in  the 
next  column  is  "surplus  beyond  deposit  capital ' '  and  other  liabilities. 

ANNUAL    PROPERTY    LOSSES   IN   THE    UNITED    STATES    BY    FIRES-1 876-1 907. 


Veak*. 


1876. 

1877 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 


Property  Loss. 

$64,630,600' 

68,265,800 

64,315,900 

77,703,700 

74,643,400 

81,280,900 

84..505,024 

100,149,228 

110,008,611 

102,818.796 

1(H,924,7.50 

120,283,055 

110,885,665 

123,046,8.33 

108,993,792 

143,764,967 

1.51,-516,098 


Insurance  Loss. 

$;i4,374,.500 
37,398,900 
36,575,900 
44,464,700 
42,525,000 
44,641,900 
48,875,131 
54,808,664 
60,679,818 
57,430,789 
60 ,506, .567 
69.659,5(j8 
63,965,724 
73,679,465 
65,015  465 
90,576.918 
93,511,936 


Yeap.r. 


1893. . . 
1894... 
1895. . . 
1896. . . 
1897... 
1898. . . 
1899... 
1900.., 
1901. . . 
1902. . . 
1903. . . 
1904. . . 
1905. . , 
1906... 
1907... 


Total  .32  years. 


Property  Loss. 


$167,544,370 
140,006,484 
142,110,233 
118,737,420 
116,3.54  570 
130  ,.593  905 
1.53  ,.597 ,830 
160,929,805 
174,160,680 
161,488,355 
145,302,155 
230,52(t,131 
165,221,650 
444,326,124 

*  214,000,000 


$4,356,6.30,720 


hisuranoe  Less. 


$105,994,577 

89,574,699 

84,689,0.30 

73,903,800 

66,722,140 

73,796,080 

92,683,715 

95.403,650 

106,680,690 

94,775,045 

87,900,000 

138,314,212 

109,236,420 

276,732,270 

*  128,000,000 


$2,602,299,030 


*  Estimated. 


Date. 
1S35— Dec. 

16 

1839— Sept. 
1842— May 

23 
4 

1845— July 

19 

1846— June 
1848— Aug. 

9 
16 

1848— Aug. 
1849— May 

17 

18 

1851— May 

o 
O 

1852- July 

8 

1852— Nov. 

12 

1861— Dec. 

12 

1862— June 
1866— July 

10 

4 

1866— Oct. 
1S66— Nov. 
1869— Aug-. 
1870— June 
1871— Oct. 
1872— Nov. 


16 
30 


1874— Feb. 

12 

1874— July 

14 

1875— Oct. 

26 

1875— Oct. 

27 

1876— June 

IS 

1876— Sept. 

1877— June 

20 

1882— Dec. 

11 

1SS9— June 

10 

1889— Nov. 

27 

1892— July 

8 

1892— Oct. 

20 

1896— Oct. 

5 

1897— Nov. 

19 

1900— April 

27 

1900— June 

1901— May 

3 

1902— Feb. 

1904— Jan. 

23 

1904— Feb. 

7 

1004— April 

19 

1'j06— April 

IS 

Great   Cotificujratlons.  415 

^r^at  Conilatjratious 

IN  THE  LAST  AND  PRESENT  CENTURY. 

Location.  Loss. 

NEW  YORK — 674  houses  and  warehouses,  including  Merchants' 
Exchange,  burned.  The  extent  of  this  fire  was  attributable 
to    narrow    streets,    a    gale    of    wind    and    the    intense    cold,   -,„_..  ^- 

which   froze  the   engines  and   rendered   them   useless ?l(,o00,000 

NEW   YORK— 46   commercial   buildings   burned 4,000,000 

HAMBURG— The  number  of  streets  burned  through  was  61; 
courts,  120;  dwelling  floors,  1,716;  dwelling  cellars,  468;  cot- 
tages,   498.      Total    houses,     1,992.       The    number    of    persons     „_  ^^  _^ 

rendered   homeless   was   21,526 3p,000,000 

NEW   YORK — 302    houses   destroyed   in   the   best   business   part      

of   the    city    7,d00.000 

ST.   JOHN'S,   N.   F.— Nearly  the  whole  of  the  town  destroyed..       5,000,000 
CONSTANTINOPLE — Some  2,500  shops  and  500  houses,   includ-       _ 

ing   some   splendid   palaces,    Durned •^'''^\'Ra? 

ALBANY,    N.    Y.— 439   houses   burned 3,000.000 

ST.    LOUIS— About    one-half    the    business    portion    of    the    city 

destroyed     3,000,000 

SAN    FRANCISCO,     Cal.— 2.500    houses    burned.     The    fire  .  ex-       „  _^  ^^^ 

tended   over  three   parts   of   the   city o.oOO.OOO 

MONTREAL — A   large  part  of  the  city  destroyed.     Some  15,000 

persons    rendered    lionie'.ess    5,000,000 

SACRAMENTO    CITY,    Cal.— About    2,500    buildings    destroyed. 

The   city  almost   entirely   burned   up 5,000,000 

CHARLESTON,    S.    C— A  considerable   portion   of   the   city   de-     ^^^^^^^^ 

stroyed 10,000,000 

ST.    PETERSBURG,    Russia    5,000,000 

PORTLAND,  Me.— A  cracker  thrown  by  a  boy  during  the 
celebration  of  Independence  Day  led  to  the  destruction  of 
nearly  all  the  business  portion  of  the  city,  including  eight 
churches,   the  banks,   newspaper  offices,  etc.     More  than  2,000 

families    were    rendered    homeless 10,000,000 

QUEBEC— 2,500   houses   and   17   convents   and   churches   burned; 

18,000    people    rendered    homeless 3,000,000 

YOKOHAMA,     Japan — Tremendous    conflagration    in    the    Euro- 

pean   quarter.     Ruins   covered   50   acres 3,000,000 

PHILADELPHIA— Patterson's   whiskey   stores,   containing  over 

25,000    barrels,    burned    3,500,000 

CONSTANTINOPLE— The  greater  part  of  Pera   was   destroyed, 

including  the   English   Embassy  and   about   7,000  houses 25,000,000 

CHICAGO— This    fire    destroyed    18,000    buildings,    covering    an 

area  of  nearly  five  square   miles 165,000,000 

BOSTON— This  fire  broke  out  on  a  Saturday  afternoon  -and  is 
regarded  as  the  third  largest  in  modern  history.  In  less  than 
48  hours  it  reduced  to  ruins  748  houses,  including  many  of 
the  largest  business  blocks  in  the  city,  covering  some  60  acres, 

including   the   old   post-office   and   old   Trinity   Church 70.000.000 

LONDON— The   Pantechnicon,    Belgrave    Square 9,250,000 

CHICAGO— The  buildings  destroyed  were  the  New  Post-Office, 
five   hotels,    four   chapels,    two    theatres,    etc.,    extending   over 

a   district   of   60   acres 4,000,000 

\aRGINIA  CITY.  Nev.  — This  city,   forming  the  centre  of  one  of 
the    richest    mining    districts    in    the    United    State^    burned. 
The  machinery   of  many   of  the   mines   serious! v  damaged....       7,500,000 
IQUIQUE,   Peru— This   fire  was  discovered  at  2   A.   M.,   and   be- 
fore  noon   three-fourths   of  the   city   had   vanished 5,000,000 

QUEBEC— Both    sides    of    Richelieu    Street    and    east    side    of 

Champlain   Street   destroyed    6,000,000 

ST.  HYACINTH,  Canada — Town  nearly  consumed,  including 
the    Post-Office,    Market,    Court    House,    3    banks,    80    stores 

and    500    other    buildings 15,000,000 

ST.  JOHN,  N.  B.— This  fire  began  in  a  boiler  shop  in  the 
Portland    suburb,    and    extended    over   an    area    of    600    acres. 

Loss   of   life   estimated    at   100 15,000,0C0 

KINGSTON,    Jamaica— This   fire   started   on   the   wharves   along 

the  river.      Thousands  of  people  were  rendered  homeless 10,000,000 

SEATTLE,    Wash.— General    fire    6.626,000 

BOSTON— Bedford     Street,     buildings 5,000.000 

ST.    JOHN'S.    N.    F.— COO   buildings 25,000.000 

MILWAUKEE,    Wis.— General    fire    5,000.000 

GUAYAQUIL,     Ecuador     22.000,000 

IX)NDON— CdpDlegate.   122  warehouses    5.000.000 

OTTAWA,    mil,    Ontario     .' 10,000.000 

HOBOKEN,    N.    J.— Dock  propertv.    merchandise   and   steamers.       4.627.000 

JACKSONVILLE,    Fla— General    conflagration    10,050.000 

PATERSON.    N.    J.— 156    buildings 5.817.305 

aESLA>:D.   Norway— Entire  town,   built  of  wood,   destroyed 6,000,000 

BALTIMORE— Over    seventy    blocks    and    2,500    buildings    were 

totallv    de.st.'oved    50,000,000 

TORONTO  — Three  and  a  half  blocks  destroved 12.(MiO,(tO.) 

SAN    FR.ANCISCO,    Cal 350,000,000 


416 


Railroad  Statistics. 


i^ailroatr  Statistics. 

MILEAGE,  ASSETS,  LIABILITIES,  EAKNINGS,  EXPENDITURES,  AND  TRAFFIC  OF  SUR- 
FACE STEAM  RAILROADS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
This  table  was  compiled  from  "Poor's  Manual  of  Railroads  of  the  United  States  for  1907." 


Mileage  of  Railroads 

Second  Tracks  and  Sidings. , 


218,433,46 
88, 569. 48 


Total  Track 

Steel  Rails  in  Track 

Iron  Rails  in  Track 

Locomo  t  i  ves 

Cars,  Pa.s.senger 

"     Baggage,  Mail,  etc. 

"     Freight 


Total  Revenue  Cars. 


307,002,94 

297,378.15 

9,  t;24.  79 

55,439 

33,896 

12.295 

1,979,667 

2,025  858 


Liahilities. 

Capital  Stock §7.106.408.976 

Bonded  Debt§ 8,487.139,981 

Unfunded  Debt 210,538,466 

Current  Accounts , 722.023.502 

Sinking  and  Other  Funds 242,2.j6,471 

Total  Liabilities $16,768,367,396 


Assets. 

Costof  Railroad  and  Equipment. 

Other  In  vestments 

Sundrj'  Assets 

Current  Accounts 


$12,719,736,342 

3.305,782,328 

488.368,638 

941,399.320 


Total  Assets 817,455,286,628 


Excess  of  Assets  over  Liabili- 
ties  


$686,919,232 


Miles  of  Railroad  Operated.. 

Pa.ssenger  Train  Mileage 

Freight  " 

Mi.xed  "  •' 


220,633.33 
488,554,209 
608,324,539 

27,711,651 


Total 1,124,590,399 

Passengers  Carried 815.774.188 

Pa,ssenger  Mileage 25,842,462,0_'9 

Tons  of  Freight  Moved 1,610,099  829 

Freight  Mileage 216,653,795,690 

Ti'afflc  Earninas. 

Pas.sengers .'.  8521.231.337 

Freight 1,659,925,643 

Miscellaneous 165,483.306 

Total  Traffic  Revenue $2,346,640,286 

Net  Earnings $790,187,712 

Receipts  from  Other  Sources 100,292, 369 


Total  Available  Revenue 

Payments. 

Interest  on  Bonds 

Other  Interest 

Dividends  on  Stock 

Miscellaneous 

Rentals— Interest 

Dividends 

Miscellaneous 

Taxes 


Total  Payments., 


$890,480,081 

$269,926,395 
-  13,107,169 
225. 601 , 245 
79,806,024 
39,612,179 
27,739,680 
15,042,783 
68,169,833 

$739,005,308 


Surplus $151,474. 773 


{Including,  in  1906,  1905  and  1904,  real  estate  mortgages,  equipment  trust  obligations  etc    pre- 
viously included  in  item  *"•  unfunded  debt.  "  ' 

COMPARATIVE  STATISTICS  OF  RAILROADS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1896-1906. 


Year, 

1896. 

1897 

1898. 

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904 

1905. 

1906. 


Miles 
Opersteit 


C.ipital  Stock. 


Bonded  Debt. 


Gross  Eamingrs. 


Net  Earnings.    '    Interest  r.iid.      Dividends  Paid 


180.891 
181,1331 
184.194; 
186.280 
191.511 
195.8.S6 
197,381 
206.876 
211.074 
212. 6J4 
218.476 


Bo.  290, 
5,453, 
5,581, 
5,742. 
5.804. 
5,978, 
6.078. 
6.355. 
6.477. 
6.741. 
7,106. 


730. 
782, 
522. 
181. 
346, 
796. 
290. 
207. 
045, 
9.56. 
408. 


.567  $5, 426, 
046,  5,411. 

5.635, 

5.644. 
5,7.-)8, 
6,035, 
6,465. 
6.722, 
7.475. 
7.821, 
7,851, 


858 
181 
250 
249 
596 
335 
374 
825 
976 


074, 
0.58, 
863, 
858, 
592, 
469, 
290. 
216. 
840. 
243, 
107, 


969 
525 
594 
027 
754 
741 
839 
517 
203 
106 
778 


$1, 125, 632, 025  $332, 333. 756  $242, 415, 494 
1.132.866,6261  338.170,195  231,046,81! 
1,249.558,724  389,666.474  237,133,099 
1.336,096.379  423.941,689  239.178,913 
1,501,695,378  483,247.526;  244,447,806 
1,612,448.826  520,294,7271  261.645,714 
1,720.814.900  560.026.277.  263.237,451 
1.908,8.57.826  592.508,512  278,101.828 
1,977,638.713  639,240,027  275.800,200 
2,112,197,7'70  685.464.488  270.315,290 
2.346,640.286    790,187,7121  309.538,574 


•S81,364,854 
82,630,989 
94.937,526 
109,032,252 
140,343,653 
156,887.283 
178,200,752 
190.674,416 
211.522,166 
203,675,622 
253,340,925 


SUMMARY  OF  RAILWAY  MILEAGE.IN  THE  UNJTED  STATES. 

(From Statistical  Report  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.) 


Mileage  on  Junk  30,  of  Years  Mentioned. 

Miles  of  Line  per 
10(J  S<].  Miles. 

Miles  of  Line  per 

10,000  Inhab  - 

tants. 

Ykae. 

Official. 

Unofficial. 

Tot.ll. 

Incrcise  Over 
Preceding  Year. 

1906  

J222.571.52 
217.  017.  68 
212,  577,  57 
207.186.84 
201,672,83 
196.  075. 07 
192.940.67 
188,277.49 
185,370.77 

1 ,  791.  65 

1,083.36 

1,326.77 

790. 38 

799.02 

1.162.37 

405. 11 

1.017.17 

1.025.55 

J224,363.17 
218,101,04 
213,904.34 
207  977.22 
202,471.85 
197.  237.  44 
193, 345.  78 
189.294.66 
186,396,32 

6,262.13 
4.196.70 
5.927.12 
5.505.37 
5,234.41 
3.891.66 
4.051.12 
2,898.34 
1.967  85 

*7.55 
7.34 
7.20 
7.00 
6.82 
6.64 
6.51 
6.37 
6.28 

t26  78 

19U5...    

1904 

26.44 
26.  34 

1903 

26.03 

1902         ..  . 

25  76 

1901 

1900 

25.52 
25.44 

1899 

1.S98 

?5.  34 
26.  40 

"Oubasisof  2,970,038  square  miles,  which  covers  "land  surface"  only,  and  excludes  Alaska 
and  Hawaii. 

t  On  b.asis  of  83.794.575  population  for  1906.  which  is  reached  by  adding  to  population  of  the 
United  States  In  1900,  75.994.575  (which  excludes  Alaska,  Hawaii,  and  persons  In  the  militar3' and 
naval  service  stationed  .ihroad),  an  estimated  annual  increase  of  1.300,000  for  each  successive  year. 
AveraffPsJor  1898  and  1899,  based  on  an  annual  increase  in  popul.Ttioa  of  1.304.686,  the  population 
forl890  being  62, 947, 714. 

X  Excludes  mileage  in  Alaska  (80.39)  and  Hawaii. 


Principal  Railroad  Systems  of  United  States  (jb  Canada.       417 


i^riucipal  i^ailtoatr  .Systems  of  ^UniteTr  <States  antr  (ftauatra 


WITH    A  SYNOPSIS  OF    LAST  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF   INCOME   AND   EXPENDri'URE 
SUBMITTED  TO  "THE  WORLD  ALMANAC"  BY  THE  RAILROAD  COMPANIES. 


AS 


Systems,  Location,  AND 
FiNANCiAT-  Data. 


Atclii90ii«  TopeUa  aiul 
l^auta  Fe  Ry.  .System. 
—"Santa  l<'e." 

[Illinois,  Iowa,  Missouri, 
Jvansas,  Nebraska,  Colo- 
rado, Texas,  New  jMexico, 
Arizona,  Calilornia,  Okla- 
homa, Indian  Territory, 
Louisiana,  Nevada.  ] 

For  i/ear  eiid'ni(]  Juiie'H^.  1907. 

Total  earnin2:s $93,683,406 

Operating  expenses  61,779  916 

Netearnings .^I,9(i3,490 

Other  income 7o3,167 

Total  net  income.$32,656,667 
Total  payments 32.642,882 

Surplus $13,775 


Atlantic  Coast  liineR.  R* 

[Virginia,  North  Carolina, 
South  Carolina,  Ceorgia. 
Florida,  .Alabama.] 

For  year  endina  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings ft26,771,528 

Operating  e.x'peuses  19,587,377 

Ne-  earnings .S7 ,184,151 

Other  income 2,673,427 

Total  net  income.  c-9,857,^T8 
Total  payments. . ..     9,731,708 

Surplus $125,870 


Baltimore  &.  Ohio  R.  R. 

[New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Delaware,  Maryland,  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  Virginia, 
West  Virginia,  Oiiio,  Il- 
linois, Indiana,  Kentucky, 
Missouri.  ]  I 

For  year  endiiiff  Jim  f  30,  1907.1 

Total  earning.s $82,243,92ll 

Operating  expenses  54,880,091. 


Divisions,  Slileage,  and  Operating 
E.^s  press. 


Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Hv., 
7,045.44  ni. ;  Gulf,  Colorado  aiid 
SaniaFe  Ry.,  1,490.81  m. ;  Southern 
Kansas  Ry.  of  'J'exas,  129.17  m. ; 
Santa  Fe,  Prescoti  &  Phoenix  Ry., 
257.32  m.;  Eastern  Ry.  of.N.  Mex. , 
427.54  m.    Total  mileage,  9,3-50.28. 

ExPKKss  Co. —Wells, Fargo  &  Co. 


General  Officers. 


First  DU>.  Diatrictx:  Richmond,  131.65 
m. ;  Norfolk.  289.18  m.;  Wilming- 
ton,352.19  m. :  Charleston, 314.59m. ; 
Fayetreville,  21L13  m.  Total  mile- 
age, 984.15. 

SecntKl    Dii'.    Disfrief.s:    Charleston, 
274.39    m.;     Columbia,   267.37    m 
Florence,   374.56  m.  ;  C.    C.  &  W 
S0..56  m.     Total  mileage,  946.88. 

T/iird  JUv.  D/s/^r/c^s.- Savannah, 230.77 
ni.;  Waj-cross,  217.60  m.  ;  Albany, 
251.25  m.;  Mor.tffomerv,  348  42  m. 
Total  mileage,  1.048.04. 

Fourth  Div.  DMrir/s;  Newberry, 
109.14  m.;  Jack.sonville,  274.11  m.  ; 
Sanford,  247.08  m.;  Gainesville. 
275.67  m.  ;  Lakeland,  297.66  m. 
Total  mileage,  1,203.66.  Grand  to- 
tal, all  divisions,  4,182.73  m. 

Express  Co.— Southern. 


President,  E.  P.  Ripley,  Chicago, 
III.:  Vice-Presidents,  J.  W.  Ken- 
drick,  G.  T.  Nicholson  and  W.  B. 
Jansen,  Chicago,  111.  ;  General 
JNIanager,  J.  E.  Hurley,  Topeka, 
Kan. ;  Secretary,  E.  L.  Copeland, 
Topeka,  Kan.  ;  Assistant  Secre- 
tary, L.  C.  Deming,  New  York. 
General  Offices,  Chicago,  III., and 
Topeka,  Kan. ;  New  York  Offices, 
5  Nassau  St. ,  377  Broadway. 


Lines  included  in  income  account, 
4,006.32  m.;  affiliated  lines,  455.78 
m.    Total  mileage,  4,462.10. 

Express  Co. —United   States. 


Net  earnings $27,363,830 

Other  income 4,035,016 


Total  net  income. $31 ,398,846 
Total  payments 28,483,405 

Surplus $2,915,441 

Bangror  anrt    Aroostook 
Railroad. 

[Maine.] 

Frrr  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings'. ,$3,221,696 

Operating  expenses    2,133,294 

Net  earnings $1,088,402 

Other  income 2,190 


Total  net  income..  $l,09o,.592 
Total  payments....       965,766 

Surplus $124,826 


Boston  and  Albany  R.  R. 

[Massachusetts,  New  York.] 

Earnings,  expenses,  etc. ,  ?e- 

poi-ted  by  New  York  Central 

and  Hudson  River  B.    R. 

Qq,,  Lessee. 


Brownville  to  Caribou,  1.54  95  rn. ; 
Oldtown  to  Greenville.  76  m.; 
Fort  Fairfield  Junction  to  Fort 
Fairfield,  13.30m.:  Ashland  Junc- 
tion to  Fori  Kent,  94.89-111.;  Caribou 
to  Van  Buren,  33.11  m. ;  Milo  Junc- 
tion to  Katahdin  Iron  Works,  18.95 
m.;  Patten  Junction  to  Patten. 5.67 
m.;  Caribou  to  Limestone, 15.72m.; 
Spurs,  15.86  m. ;  South  Lagrange  to 
Searsport,  54.13  m.;  Millihoclvet  to 
EastMillinocket,  Sm.  Total  mile- 
age,    490.58. 

Express  Co.— American. 

Main  Line,  Boston, Ma.ss.,  to  .-^Ibanv, 
N.  Y.,200  m. ;  Ware  Jliver  Ur.,49  ni. ; 
Athol  Br..  45  m.;  Pittsfield  ami 
North  Adams  Br.,  19  ni. ;  Hudson 
and  Chatham  Br.,  17  m.;  JNIilford 
Br.,  12  m.;  Webster  Br.,  11  m.; 
other  branches,  39  m.  Total  mile- 
age, 392. 

J5XPBES.S  Co.— Americfin. 


President,  T.  M.  Emerson;  1st 
V^ice- President,  Alex.  Hamilton, 
Petersburg,  Va.  ;  2d  Vice-Presi- 
dent. C.  S.  Gadsden,  Charleston, 
S.  C. ;  3d  Vice-President,  J.  H. 
Kenly;  General  Manager,  W.N. 
Royal! ;  Secretary,  IL  L.  Borden, 
Now  York.  General  Offices,  Wil- 
mington, N.  C;  New  YorkOfHces, 
71,  407.  and  1218  Broadway. 


President,  O.  G.  Murray;  1st  Vice- 
President,  George  F.Randolph ;  2d 
Vice-President,  H.  L.  Bond;  3d 
Vice-President,  G.  L.  Potter;4th 
Vice-President,  J.  V.  JIcNeal; 
Secretary,  C.  W  .  Woolford;  Gen- 
eral Manager,  T.Fitzgerald  ;Man- 
ager  Freight  Traffic,  C.  S.  Wight; 
]Manager  Passenger  Traffic,  D. 
B.  Martin.  General  Offices,  Bal- 
timore, Md.;  New  York  Offices, 
2  Wall  Street,  434  Broadway. 
General  Offices  B.  &  O.  S.  W. 
Div.,  Cincinnati,  O. ;  New  York 
Office,  2  Wall  Street. 


President,  F.  W,  Cram ;  Vice- 
President,  Percy  R.  Todd,  Gen- 
eral Offices,  Bangor,  Me. 


Vice-President  and  Genei'al  Man- 
ager, A.  H.  Smith,  New  Y'ork, 
Assistant  General  Manager,  J. 
H.  Hustis.  General  Offices,  Bos- 
ton, Ma.ss. 


418    Principal  Railroad  Systems  of  UniWl  States  c^  Canada.—oyn. 


Systems,  Location,  anj) 
Financial  Data. 


Boston  aiuliUaiue  UaiU 
road. 

[New  Vork,  Massachusetts, 
Vermont,  New  Hamp- 
shire, Maine,  Quebec] 

For  i/^<tr  endhioJnue  30. 1907. 

'I'otfil  earniners $41,12ri,2ob 

Operating  expenses  3tK968.:t97 

Net  earnings $ioa56,«59 

Otlier  income 7(i4.358 

Total  net  income.$10.861,217 
Total  payments  .  . .     8.2t>2.0-J-; 

Surplus $2,oi*9,19o 


Uivisious,  Mileage,  and  Operating 
Kx  press.  


General  Oflicers. 


Western  Div.  (Boston  to  Portland), 
115  31  m. ;  Eastern  Div.  (Boston  to 
Portland),  108.29  m.;  Conway  .Ict^j, 
Me.,  to  Intervale  .let.,  N.H. ,  73.o< 
ni  ;  Worcester,  Mass..  to  Portland, 
Me.,  148.34  m. ;  Boston,  Mass.,  to 
Groveton.  N.  H.. 221. 84  m. ;  Concord, 
N.  H.,  to  White  lliver  Jet..  Vt.,  69.o0 
in.;  White  lliver  .let.,  Vt.,  to  Len- 
noxville,  P.  Q.,  142.25  ni.;  N.  Cam- 
bridge .let.  to  Northampton,  3la.ss., 
95.69  m.:  Springfield,  Ma.s.s.,  to 
Keene,  N.H.,  74  m. :  Boston  to  Rot- 
terdam .let.  and  Troy,  250.98  in.; 
Ashburnham  .let.  to  Bellows  I- alls, 
53.85  m.;  other  branches, 934.10  m. 
Total  mileage,  2,287.52. 

ExPRKSS  Co.— American, 


Biifldio,  llocbesrrr  ami 
rittsbiirKii  UaiUvay. 

[New  York,  Pennsylvania.] 
l<\>r  i/eayeadiixi  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $8,595,916 

Operating  expenses     5.142,342 

Net  earniuKs $3,453,574 

(3ther  income 70,663 

Total  net  income  $3,524,237 
Total  payments —     2,293,781 

Surplus $1,230,456 

Canadian  Northern  Ry. 

[.Maiiitobii.  Saskatchewan, 
Assiniboia,  Ontario,  Min- 
nesota. J 

For  ue<tr  fiidhig  JtineZQ. 1^01. 

Total  earnings .$8,350  198 

Operating  expenses    6,424,163 

Net  earnings $2,926,035 

Total  payments... ^_1,882^489 

Surplus $1. 043,546 

I'auadian  racific.  lly. 

[.New  Brunswick,  Maine, 
Vermont,  Quebec,  Ontario, 
Michigan,  Manitoba,  As- 
siniboia, Sa-skatchewan, Al- 
berta, British  Colinul)ia.  ] 

For  near  endiiip  Jmu  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings .$72,217,527 

Operating  expenses  46,914,218 


Main  Line  and  branches,  347.86  m.; 


INIanager,    i>i..  i.   i>\n>y. —  . 

eral   Superintendent,  C.   K.   Lee. 

General  Othces,  Boston,  Ma.s.s. 


leased    lines,    94.04    m. 
rights,     125.87  m.    Total 
667.77. 
EXFRKS.S  Co. —American. 


trackage 
mileage. 


Net  earnings $26,303,;!09 

Other  income 2,-364,480 


Pre.sident.  Arthur  G.  Yates,  Rorb- 
ester.  N.  V.;  Vice-President, 
Adrian  Lseliii,  .Ir.,  New  York; 
General  Manager,  W.  T.  Noonan ; 
Secretary,. John  H.  Hocart,New 
Y'ork.  (jeneral  Offices,  Roches- 
ter, N.  Y.;  New  York  Office,  36 
Wall  Street. 


Total  net  income. $27 ,667 ,799 

Total  pa3'ments 17,548,783 

Surplus §10,119  006 

Central  of  OSeorcia  Ky. 

[Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Ten- 

ne.ssee.  ] 
For  year  PwUna  Junr  .30,1907. 

Total  earnings $12,082,777 

Operating  expenses.   9,606,216 

Net  earnings $2,476,561 

Otherincome 311,9;-i8 


Total  mileage.  2,639  4. 

Express  Co.-Northern  Pacific. 


Ea.stern  Div.,l,275.8ni. ;  Ontario  Div., 
851.9  ra.  ;  Atlantic  Div.,  689.3  m. ; 
Western  Div.,  1,262.5  m.  ;  Pacifac 
Div.,961.7m.  ;  LukeSnperior  Div, 
981.7  m. ;  Central  Div.,  2,764.1  m. 
Total  mileage,  8,776.9. 

Length  of  Main  Line,  Montreal  to 
Vancouver,  2,911.9  m. 

Steamship  lines:  Vancouver,  B  t., 
to  Japan,  China,  Honolulu,  H.  I., 
Australia,  Sydney,  N.  S.  VN; 
siocan  Lake  Line;  Upper  Lake 
Line;  Lake  Okanagan  Line:  Co- 
lumbia and  KootenayLine;  Atlan- 
tic Ocean-Liverpool  to  Montreal. 

E.XPKE.SS  Co.— Dominion. 

Colnmhus- Andalusia. 138m.  tCritlin- 
Chitltanooga,l98ni. ;  Macon-Albetis, 
105  in.  ;  Savaiiuah-Atlaiita.  294  m.  ; 
Birmingham-Macon.  2.57  m.  ;  K. 
Vallev-Montgomeiy.l94m. ;  Smith- 
ville-Lockhart,  178  m.;  other 
branches,  549.4  m.  Total  mileage, 
1.913.4. 

Ex  PR  K.s,s  Co.— Southern. 


President,  Wm.  Mackenzie,  To- 
ronto, Ont. ;  Vice-President,  D.D. 
:Mann,  Toronto,  Out.  ;  3d  Vice- 
President.  D.  B.  Hanna.  Toronto. 
Out.;  Traffic  Manager,  (ieo.  H. 
.Shaw,  Winnipeg,  Man. 


Chairman  of  the  Board.  W.  C.  Van 
Home;  President,  T.  G.  Sbaugh- 
nessv;  Secretary,  Charles  Drink- 
water;  Vice-President.  D.  Mc- 
Nicoll;2d  Vice-President,  Wm. 
Whvte,Winnipeg,^[an.;3d  Vice- 
President,  1.  G.  Ogden;  4th  Vice- 
President,  G.  M.  Bosworth.  (Gen- 
eral Offices,  Montreal,  Quebec; 
:New  York  Offices,  31  Pine  Street, 
458  Broadway. 


J.  F.  Hanson.  MacOn. 

Vice-President,  A.    H. 

2d  Vice-President,  W. 
Vvin'burn;  General  Manager, 
s.   Moise;     Secretary,    C.    C. 


President, 
Ga. ;  1st 
Lawton; 

T 


Total  net  income  ..$2,788,499 
Total  payments .   2,:j40,3 

surplus $448,125^,^^^,    ^.^^^    ^^   Scranton,   191.67  m. 

Forve^a^J^^kn.  30,  1907.  23.08  m.. ;  sundry  branches  n,  Penn- 

Total  earnings    . . .  .$25,687,4a3  s^vlvama.    9L18    m.       ^  <-;;,.  J:^;*^;\ 

operating  expenses  14.164.118  J«;i^^- :^,//-YlUbTandVDiv':'24'^^^ 

Net  earnings $11.623.28o|  ,„  .    >f,,^v   voik  and  Lotik  Branch 

Other  receipts l,17n,6o3|  R.  R... 38.04  m.  Total  mileage, 648.44. 

Total  netlncome.$12,698,938p^,,yy_«y5(^-o.  — United  states.  On  New 
Total  payments. . .    lu,428,121|  "york    and    Long    Branch    .K.    K., 
Surplus $2,370,817'    Adaw-s;  United  Stftie^ 


Williams,  Macon,  Ga.  General 
Offices,  Savannah,  (Ja. ;  New 
Y'ork  Office,  317  Broadway. 


President,  George  F.  Baer:  V^icp- 
President,  R.  W.  De  Forest; 
Vice-President  and  General 
Manager,  W.  G.  Besler  ;  Secre- 
tarv  G.  O.  Waterman.  General 
Otiices,  143  Liberty  Street,  New 
York. 


Principal  liaitroad  Mi/sterns  of  United  States  <h  Canada. — con.     419 


S YSTKMs,  Location,  a n d 
FrXAN'CfAi,  Data. 


(Central  Vermont  Ky. 

[Connect  iru  t,  Massachusettis, 

Veriuoiit,  Quebec] 
for  near  f  tiding  Jane  30, 1907. 

Total  eariiiu?s $3.&3;{.088 

Operating  expenses.  3,<Ml,ol 

Net  earnings $791,575 

Otheciucoiue 13^840 

Total  net  income.    $805,415 
Total  payments 8o3  6(»1 

Surplus $1,814 

Cliesapeake  «&:  Ohiti  Uv. 

[Virginia,     West      Virginia. 

Kentucky,  Oliio.  ] 
For  year  endhin  Jtntc  30, 1907. 

Total  earhintfs.' $25,796.86(1 

Operating  expenses  16.6o0.30ti 

Net  earnings .$9,146,554 

Other  income 244,35^ 

Total  net  income. $9,390,913 

Total  payments ._it,329,84.^ 

Surplus $61,070 

Chieagro  aud  Alton  U.K. 

f  Illinois  and  Missouri.] 
For  year  endino  Jmif  30. 1907. 

Total  earnings! $12,809,426 

Operating  expenses    8,o24,452 

Net  earnings $4,784,974 

Other  income 894 

Total  net  income.  .$4,785,868 
Total  payments...  .  3.775,639 

Surplus .$U)liK229 

Cliica^o    and    Eastern 
Illinois    Railroad. 

[Indiana and  Illinois.] 

For  i/eo,r  endino  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $11,.3;^7,714 

Operating  expenses.   7,177,308 

Net  earnings $4,160,406 

Other  income 289,246 


Total  net  income.  .$4,449,652 
Total  payments.  ..     2,779,484 

Surplus $1,670,168 

Chicago  and  North%vest- 
em  ItaiUvay.  —  "  The 
Northwestern  Une." 

[Michigan,    Illinois,     Iowa, 

Wisconsin,  Nebnt.ska,  Min- 

nesota,North  Dakota,South 

Dakota,  W.vomiiig.] 

For  year  ending  Jime  .So.  1907.* 

Total  earnings. 868.8/8,931 

Operating  expen.ses  47,25^.759 


Net  earnings $21,625,172 

Other  income 701.580 

Total  net  income. §22,326,752 
Total  payments. .  •  •  14,496,363 


Surplus $7,830,389 

CliioaKO,  Unrlinifton  and 
4^  II  i  n  c  y  Railway.  - 
*'  ltnrIii!;;toii  Route." 

[Illinois,  Wisconsin,  rsiin- 
nesota,  Iowa,  Missouri, Ne- 
bra.ska,  Kansas,  Colorado, 
Wyoming,  South  Dakota, 
Montana,  j 

For  year  ending  June  .SO.  1907. 

Total  earn  nigs $82,473,250 

Operating  expenses  58,904.987 
Net  earnings ."$23,568,263 

Other  income 443,262 

Totalnet  income. $24.011. 525 
Total  payments 19,691,191 

_§urplu3 $4  7320^334 


Divisions,  Mileaee.  and  Operating 
Express 


Southern    Dlv. ,    173.6  m.;  Northern 
Div.,  362.6ni,    Total  mileage,  637. 

KxPRESS  Co.— American ;  Canadian. 


Main  Line,  664.9  m, ;  Louisville  Line, 
207.7  m.  ;  James  River  Line,  229.9 
m. ;  Washington  Line,  93.2  m. ; 
other  branches,  643.6  in.  Total 
mileage,  1,839.3. 

KxpRKss  Co.  — Adama. 


Chicago  to  F.ast  St.  Louis,  279.95  m.  ; 
Coal  City  Line,  26.92  m.  ;  D wight  to 
Washington  and  Lacon,  80.77  m. ; 
Bloomington  to  Kansas  City,  361.58 
m. ;  Mexico  to  Cedar  City,  50.12  ni. ; 
Grove  to  Sherman,  50.66  m.  ;  Kood- 
house  to  Wann,  47.78  m. ;  Baruett 
to  Eldred,  48.62  m.  Total  mileage, 
946.40. 

ExPKKSs  Co.— United  States. 


Now  part  of  '  'Friscso  System. ' ' 


Wisconsin  Div.,  324.55  m. ;  Galena 
Div., 497.98  m. ;  Iowa  Div., 569.46  m. ; 
Madison  Div..^  508.10  m. ;  Minnesota 
and  Dakota  Div.,  1,302.41  m. ;  Penin- 
sula Div.,  464.44  m. ;  Iowa  and  Min- 
nesota Div.,  323.11  m. ;  Northern 
Iowa  Div.,  383.57  m. ;  Ashland  Div.. 
902.78  m. ;  Northern  Wisconsin  Div., 
332.72  ra.;  Sioux  City  Div.,  416.1om.  ; 
Nebraska  &  Wyoming  Div.,  1,428.31 
m.  Total  mileage, 7,453.58;  Chicago, 
St.  Paul,  Minn.  &  O.  Ry.,  1,697.57. 

Express  Co.— American. 


Lines  in  Illinois,  1,680.20  m.  ;  in  Wi.s- 
cousin,  223.10  m.  ;  in  Minnesota, 
38.45  m. ;  in  Iowa.  1,438.00  in.; 
in  iVtissouri,  1,133.66  m. ;  in  Ne- 
braska, 2,738.06  m. ;  in  Kansas, 
260.44  m. ;  in  Colorado,  429.35  in. ;  in 
Montana,  199.90  m  ;  in  South  Da- 
kota, 282.49  m.;  in  Wyoming,  451.42 
m.     Total  mileage,  8,875.07. 

Ejcpkess  Co.  —Adams, 


General  Offlcei-s. 


President,  Cha-s.  M.  Hays, Mont- 
real, Can. ;  Vice-President,  E.H. 
Fitzhugh;  General  Manager,  G. 
C.  Jones.  General  Oltices,  St. 
Albans,  Vt.;  New  York  Offices. 
385  Broadway,  82  Wall  Street. 


President,  Geo.  W.  Stevens;  Vice- 
President,  Decatur  Axtell :  Secre- 
tary, C.  E.  Wellford;  General 
Manager,  C.  E.  Doyle,  General 
Offices,  Richmond,  Va. ;  New  York 
Office,  362  Broadway. 


President,  S.  M.  Felton,  Chicago, 
111. ;  Vice-President, Edwin  Haw 
ley,  New  York ;  Secretary ,  Jamt-s 
S.  MacKie,  New  York.  General 
Offices,  Chicago,  111. ;  New  York 
Office,  115  Broadway. 


President,  H.  I.  Miller;  1st  Vice- 
President,  Robert  Mather,  New 
York;  3d  Vice-President,  W.  B. 
Biddle;  4th  Vice-President,  C. 
W.  Hillard,  New  York;  Vice- 
President,  E.  L.  Pollock ;  Secre- 
tary, J.  S.  Ford,  Chicago.  Gen- 
era'l  Offices,  Chicago,  111. ;  New 
•York  Office,  115  Broadway. 


President,  Marvin  Hughitt,  Chi- 
cago, 111.;  Vice-President  and 
Secretary,  K.  E.  Osborn,  New 
Y''ork  City;  Vice-Presidents,  M. 
M.  Kirkman,  H.  R.  McCullough, 
J.  M.Whitman,  and  William  A. 
Gardner;  General  Manager.R.  H. 
Aishton;  Freight  Traffic  Man- 
ager, Marvin  Hughitt,  Jr.  ;  Pas- 
senger Traffic  Manager,  W.  B. 
Kni.skern.  General  Offices,  Chi- 
cago, 111.;  Nesv  York  Offices,  111 
Broaiiway, 


President,  Geo,  B.  Harris;  1st  Vice- 
President,  Darius  Miller;  2dVice- 
President,  Daniel  Willard;  Sec- 
retary. H.  E.  Jarvis,  Burlington, 
Iowa;  Assistant  Secretarj',G.  H. 
Earl,  New  York  ;  Passenger 
Traffic  Manager,  P.  S.  Eustis; 
Freight  Traffic  Manager.  6.  H. 
Crosby.  General  Offices, Chicago. 
111.;  New  York  Offices,  299,  379 
Broadvvav. 

General  Offices  of  lines  west  of  the 
Missouri  River  at  Omaha,  Neb. 


•Exclusive  of  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  &  O.  Ry. 


420    Principal  Railroad  Systeins  of  United  States  S  Canada. —Con. 


8VSTKMS,  Location,  and 
FiyAN«'iAi>  Data. 

(JIiicaKO      i.'reat     West- 
ern Kailwiiy. 

riUiuois,   lowH,    Minnesota, 

Missouri.Kansius^'ebraskaJ 

Fur  year  ending  Jmu:  30,  lftu7. 

'lotal  earnings $9,1:59,087 

Operating  expenses    6,n38,808 

Net  earnings !?-i,tXW,27i) 

Total  payments 1,141,270 

Surplus $1,459,009 

Chicago,  Imlianapolis 
ami    IjouiHville   Ry. 

[I  iidiana,  iUinois.Kentucky.J 
For  year  endbig  June  30,  1907. 

Total  earnings $5,988  867 

Operating  expenses    4,163,452 

Net  earnings. 
Other  income.. 


Uivisious,  Mileage,  and  Operating 

Kx!)i"es.s 


Oeueral  Ofiic«rs. 


$1,825,415 
233,188 


Total  net  income.  $2,058,603 
Total  payments...     1.063,577 

Surplus $995,026 

C5iicasro,3Iil  waiikee  and 
rSt.  Paul  ItaiUvay. 

[Illinois,    Wisconsin,    Mich 
igan,      Minnesota,     Iowa, 
Missouri,     South    Dakota, 
North  Dakota.] 

For  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $60,548,554 

Operating  expenses  41,686,506 

Net  earnings $]S,862^048 

Other  income J^()68^736 

Total  netincome.$i9^930,784 
Fixed  charges 14,858,320 

Surplus $5,072,464 

Chicago*  Rock  Island 
and  Pacific  llaiKvay. 

[Illinois,  Iowa,  Minnesota, 
South  Dakota,  Missouri, 
Nebraska,  Kansas,  Okla- 
homa, Indian  Ter.,  Color- 
ado, Tennessee,  Arkansas, 
Louisiana.] 

Frrr  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

lotal  earnings $54,785,414 

Operating  expenses  37,026,-590 

Net  earnings. . . .  .§i7;758,824 
Other  income 1,885,292 

Total  net  income  $19,644,116 
Total  payments....  11.049,921 


Minneapolis  to  t'hicago,  430  m.  ;  (^cl- 
wein  to  Kan.sas  City,  357  m.  ;  Hay- 
field  to  Clarion,  100  m. ;  Oelwein  to 
Omaha,  265  m. ;  De  Kalb  Br.,  6  m. ; 
cedar  Falls  Br.,  7  m.  ;  Mantorville 
Br.  ,7m.;  Lehigh  Br. ,  16  ni.  ;  Man- 
kat(;-OsageLiue,  210  ni.;  Wmona- 
Kochester  Line,  55  m.  Total  mile- 
age, 1,453. 

ExPiiKss  Co.  —Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 


Chicago  tx)  Louisville,  325.3  m.:  Mo- 
non  to  Indianapolis, 95.1m. ;  Bloom- 
tield  Br.,  40.»m.;  Michigan  City 
I>jv. ,  60  m.  ;French  Lick  Br. ,  18  m. 
Total  mileage,  537.9. 

EXPKESS  Co.— American. 


President,   A.    B.   Stickney;  Vice- 
President,      Al'sel     Oppenheim; 


Lines  iuTllinois,412.62  m. ;  in  Wiscon- 
sin, 1,731.75  m. :  in  Iowa,  1,871.13  m. ; 
in  Minnesota,  1,205.63  m.;  in  North 
33akota,163.31m.;  in  South  Dakota, 
1,512.68  m.;  in  Missouri,  140.27  m.; 
in  Michigan,  159.12  m.  Total  mile- 
age, 7,186.69. 

Express  Co.  —United  States. 


K  C.  Wight.  General  Otltces,  St. 
Paul,  INIinn.,  and  Chicago,  111.; 
New  "iiOrk  Offices,  31  Na.ssau 
Street,  305  Broadway. 


President,  W.  H.  McDoel, Chicago, 
111.;  Vice-Pr€;sideut,M.  F.  Plant, 
New  York;  General  Manager,  B. 
E.  Taylor,  Chicago,  111.;  Secre- 
tary, J.  A.  Hilton,  New  York. 
(General  Offices,  Chicago,  111.; 
New  Y'ork  Office,  80  Broadway. 


Chairman,  Roswell  Miller,  New 
Y'ork;  President,  A.  J.  Earllng, 
Chicago,  111.  ;  2d  Vice-President, 
E.  W.  McKenna;  3d  Vice-Presi- 
dent,.!, li.  Hiland, Chicago;  Gen- 
eral Manager,  W.  J.  Underwood, 
Chicago;  Secretary,  E.  \\ . 
Adams,  Milwaukee,  Wis.;  Assis- 
tant Secretary,  J.  M.  McKinlay, 
New  York.  General  Offices,  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  and  Milwaukee,  Wis. ; 
New  York  Offices,  42  and  381 
Broadway. 


Surplus $8,594,195 

Cincinnati,  Ilainiiton  & 
Dayton  llaiUvay. 

[Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois.] 
Fur  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $8,946,934 

Operating  expenses    6,7&2.126 


Chicago-Colorado  Springs,  1,070.94 
m. ;  Davenport -Terral,  830.07  m.; 
H  e  r  i  n  g  1 0  u-vTexhoma,  323.34  m. ; 
Keokuk-Des  Moines,  162.40m. ;  Des 
Moines-Sibley,  176.35  m. ;  Burling- 
ton-Miimeapolis,  365.04  m.  ;  Vin- 
ton-Watertown,  375.97  m.;  :Mem- 
phis-Texnla,  649.40  m.;  Haskell- 
Slirand,  298.50  ni.;  Kansas  City-St 
Louis,  209.55  m.;  other  lines  and 
branches,  2,894.35  m.  Total  mile- 
age, 7,355.91.  ,  „     ,  ^   ., 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Gulf  Rail- 
way, 470.65m. ;  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
and    El   Paso  Railway,  111.50  m.; 

Express  Co.  -U.  S.  ;  Wells.  F.  &  C: 


President,  B.  L.  Winchell ;  1st 
Vice-President,  R.  A.  .lacksou; 
2d  Vice-President,  II.  U.Mudge; 
3d  Vice-President,  W.  B.  Biddle; 
4tnVice- President,  C.W.Hillard ; 
Vice-President,  E.  L.  Pollock; 
Secretary,  George  iL  Crosby. 
(General  Offices,  Chicago,  HI.  ; 
New  York  Offices,  115  and  401 
Broadway. 


Net  earnings $2,164,809 

Other  income 101,924 


Total  net  income  $2,266,733 


Main  line  and  branches,  1 ,037.80  m. 
Express  Co.—Umted  States. 


Receiver,  Judson  Harmon.  Presi- 
dent, F.  D.  Underwood,  New 
York;  Vice-President,  George  F. 
Browuell,  New  Y^ork;  Secretary, 
Thos.  J.  Walsh;  General  Traffic 
Manager,  C.  L.  Thomas.  Gen- 
eral Offices,  Cincinnati,  O. 


Total  payments 3,128,086 

Deficit $861,353 

Cleveland,      Cincinnati, 
Cbicagot&.St.IiOnislly. 

[Ohio,    Indiana,    Michigan, 

Illinois.] 
For  6  inos.  ending  June  ;i()^l9(y!. 

Total  earnings $12,4^^9,771 

Operating  expense      9,716,708 

Net  earnings $2,723,063 

Other  income 53,788 

Total  net  income  $2,776,851 

Total  payments 3,426,641 

Deficit $649,790 


Cleveland-Indianapolis  Div.,  341  m. ; 

Mt.  Gilead  Short  Line,  2  m. ;  Cin- 
cinnati-Sandusky  Div.,  320  m. ;  St. 
Louis  Div.,  309  m.;  Chicstgo  Div., 
321m.;  Cairo  Div.,  270  m. ;  Peoria 
and  Ea.stern  Div.,  352  m. ;  White 
Water  Div.,  70  m. ;  Michigan  Div., 
302  m. :  Kankakee  and  Seneca  Div., 
42  m.     Total  mileage,  2.330. 

This  Road  is«ow  part  of  New  Y  ork 
Central  System. 

Express  Co.— American. 


President,  W.  H.  Newman ;  Vice- 
Presidents,  E.  V.  W.  Rossiter,  VV. 
C.  Brown,  J.  D.  Layug,  C.  F. 
Duly,  A.  IL  Harris  and  John 
Carstensen,  New  \  ork  ;  C.  E. 
Schaff,  Chicago;  General  Maii- 
a"-er,  J.  Q.  Van  Winkle;  Sec- 
retary, D.  W.  Pardee,  New  York. 
General  Offices,  Cincinnati,  O.: 
New  York  Office,  Grand  Central 
Station. 


jPrineipal  Hailroad  Systems  of  TTnited  States  ih  Canada. — Owi.    421 


Systems,  Location,  and 
Financial  Data. 


Colorado  ami  Soiithciii 
Kail  way. -"Tlie  Col- 
orado Koad." 

[Colorado,    Wyomiug,  New 

Mexico.] 
For  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  parnings $13,456,489 

Operating  expenses    9,246,918 

Net  earnings $4,209,571 

Other  income 111,082 


Total  net  income.  $4,320,653 
Total  payments _2,228^94 

Surplus $2,091,859 


Colorado  i'>Iidlaiid  Kail- 
>vay. 

[Colorado.  ] 

For  year  fiidhig  Juiie  30,  1907. 

Total  earnings !t!2,454,61u 

Operating  e.xpenses    1,785,604 

Net  earnings $669,006 

Other  income 49,690 

Total  net  income     $718,696 
Total  payments 531.708 

Surplus $1186,988 


Dela^varc   and    Hudson 
Railroad. 

[Pennsylvania,    New  York, 

Vermont.  ] 
For  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1906. 

Total  earnings $36,669,235 

Operating  expenses  28,337,957 


Divisions,  Mileage,  and  Operating 
Kxpre.ss. 


Pueblo  Dist.,  134.05  m. ; Trinidad  Dist., 
55.24  m.;  New  Me.xico  Dist.,  149.69 
ni.  ;  Clear  Creek  Dist.,  65.94  m. ;  Ft. 
Collins  Dist.,  142.30  m. ;  Platte 
Ciifion  Dist.  ,102.36  m. ;  Leadville 
Disi. .  74.36  m.  ;  Gunnison  Dist., 
164.51  m.  ;  Wyoming  Dist.  ,153.68  m. 
Total  mileage,  1,042.13. 

Fort  Worth  and  Denver  City  By., 
454.49  m. 

EXPKKSS  Co.— Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 


General  Officers, 


Colorado  Springs.  *Col.,  to  Grand 
Junction,  Col.,  303  m. ;  Aspen  Br.,  18 
m.;  Jerome  Park  B..R.,  15  m.  Total 
mileage,  336. 

ExpEKSs  Co.— Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 


Chai'iiian  of  the  Hoard,  G.  M. 
Dodge,  New  York;  President, 
Frank  Trumbull,  New  York; 
Vice-President,  A.  D.  Partcer; 
Secretary.  J.  S.  Mackie,  New 
York.  General  Oilices,  Denver, 
Col.  ;  New  York  Oilices,  71  Broad- 
way. 

Fort  Worth  and  Denver  City  Ry.— 
President,  Frank  Trumbull,  >ew 
York;  Vice-President,  IX  B.  Kee- 
ler,  Fort  Worth, Tex.  ;  Secretary, 
W.  S.  Streater,  Fort  Worth,  Te.x. 
General  Offices,Fort  Worth,Tex. ; 
New  York  Oilices,  71  liroadway. 


President,  Frank  Trumbull ;  Vice- 
President,  C.  H.  Schlacks;  Gen- 
eral Manager,  Geo.  W.  Vallery; 
Secretary,  James  S.  Mackie,  New 
York.  General  Offices,  Denver, 
Col. ;  New  York  Offices,  71  and  195 
Broadway. 


Net  earnings $8,331,278 

Total  paj'ments. . .     3,175,140 

Surplus $5,156,138 


Dela^vare,  Tiacka^vaIlIla 
and  Western  Railroad. 

[New   York,      New  Jersey, 

Pennsylvania.] 
For  year  ending  June  30,  1907. 

Total  earnings $34,572,806 

Operating  expenses  18,760,270 

Net  earnings $15,812,536 

Other  income 4,802,807 

Total  net  income. $20,615,343 
Total  payments 17,117,847 

Surplus $3^97^96 


Pennsylvania  Div.,  130.09  m. ;  Sara- 
toga Div..  250,64  m.  ;  Champlain 
Div.,  230.69  m. ;  Albany  and  Sus- 
quehanna Div.,  233.34  m.  Total 
mileage,  844.76. 

Express  Co.— National. 


IMain  Line,  Hobokeu,  N.  J.  to  Buf- 
falo, N.  Y„  409.85  m.;  Morristown 
Line.,  34.46  m.;  Sussex  R.  R.  30.55 
m.;  Bangor  and  Portland  Ry 
38.38  m. ;  Bloomsburg  Br.,  79.66  m. ; 
S.  B.&N.Y.R.R.,  80.95  m.;  Oswego 
&  Syracuse  Div.,  34.98  m.;  Iltica 
Div.,  106.51  m.;  Ithaca  Br.,  34.41  m.; 
other  branches  108.44  m.  Total 
mileage,  957.19. 

Express  Co.— United  States, 


President,  L.  F. Loree;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Chas.  A.  Peabody;  2d  Vice- 
President,  C.  S.  Sims,  Albany, 
N.  Y. ;  Secretary, F.  M.  Olyphant, 
New  York.  General  Offices,  32 
Nassau  Street,  New  York. 


IJenver  and  Rio  Grande 
Railroad. 

[Colorado  and  New  Mexico.] 
For  year  ending  June  SO,  1907. 

Total  earnings $21,409,041 

Operating  expenses  13,252,112 

Net  earnings "$8^56,929 

Other  income 243,379 

Total  netincome.lB8T400,308 
Total  payments 6,630,364 

Surplus ^1^769,94~4 


Detroit    and    3Iackiuac 
Railway. 

[Michigan.] 

For  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $1,311,274 

Operating  expenses   1,010,092 


Net  earnings $301,182 

Total  payments 295,949 

Surplus $5,233 


Denver  to  Grand  Junction,  449.88  m. ; 
Salidato  Grand  Junction,  208.62  m. ; 
Cuchara  Junction  to  Silverton, 
328.47  m.;  Antonito  to  Santa  Fe, 
125.79  m.;  Pueblo  to  ..Trinidad, 
91.55  m. ;  Carbon  Junction  toFarm- 
ington,  47.66  m. ;  other  branches, 
567.81  m.     Total  mileage,  1,819.78. 

Express  Co.— Globe. 


Bay  City  to  Cheboj'gan,  195.44  m 
Prescott  Div. ,  11.8  m.  ;  Rose  City 
L>iv.,  31.8  m.;  Lincoln  Br.,  14.4  m. ; 
Au  Gres  Br.,  8.33  m.;  logging 
branches,  81.49  m.  Total  mileage, 
343.26. 


Express  Co.  —American, 


President,  W.  H.  Truesdale ;  Vice- 
Presidents,  B.  D.  Caldwelland  E. 
E.  Loomis;  Secretary,  Fred.  F. 
Chambers.  General  Offices,  90 
West  Street,  New  York. 


Chairman  of  the  Board,  George 
J.  Gould,  New  York;  President, 
Edward  T.  Jett'ery,  New  York; 
Vice  -  President,  Charles  H. 
Schlacks,  Denver,  Col. ;  Sec- 
retary, Stephen  Little.  New 
York.  General  Offices.  Denver, 
Col.,  and  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah; 
New  Y'ork  Offices,  195  and  335 
Broadway. 


President  and  General  Manager, 
J.  D.  Hawks;  Vice-President, 
G.  M.  Crocker;  Secretary,  C.  B, 
Colebrook,  New  York.  General 
01Hces,Detroit,Mich. ;  New  Y'ork 
Ofiice,  40  Wall  Street. 


422    FrUcqml  Railroad  Systems  of  United  States  cb  Canadui.-^ 


Lk.nl, 


fcjYSTKMs.  Location,  a>,'d 
Financial  Data. 


Detroit,  Toledo  n  n  <E 
Iroiiten  — *'Auu  Arbor 
System." 

rMichigau  and  Ohio.] 

F(yr  year  ending  Junr  AO,  1907. 

Total  earning $4,298  924 

Operating  expenses    2^78,604 

Net  earning '$1^20,32(^1 

Other  income _       29,136 

Total  net  income~{?l,349.456 
Total  payments. . .     1,343.637 

Surplus $5,ai9 

Diiliitli,  South  Shore 
aud  Atlantic  Itailway. 

[Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Min- 
nesota. ] 
Fo)-  year  ending  June  3a,  1907 

Total  earnings $3,311,878 

Operating  expenses    2,320,857 

Net  earnings- $991,021 

Other  income 13,654 

Total  net  income.  $1,004,675 

Total  payments.... 1,060 ,21o 

•t>eficit $55,535 


Divisions,  Mileage,  aud  Operating 

, ^Exp  resa. 


General  Officers 


Detroit,  Toledo  &  Ironton  Ry.,  486 
m.  ;  Ann  Arbor  U.K.,  292  m.  Total 
mileage,  728. 

ExPKEss  Co.— Pacific. 


Erie  Railroad. 

Psew    York,    New   Jersev, 
Pennsylvania,    Ohio,     In- 
diana, Illinois.] 
For  year  eiulingJune  30,  1907 

Total  earnings §53,914,827 

Operating  expenses  38,167,039 

Net  earnings $T5^;747^88 

Other  income 2,720,714 

Total  net  Income  $18,468,502 

Total  payments ....  16,762,569 

Surplus $1,705,933 


Coast 


Florida     East 
Railway. 

[Florida.] 

For  year  ending  June  30, 1906 

JTotal  earnings $2,471,152 

Operating  expenses_l,767,647 

Net  earnings $703;505 

Other  income ijgi 

Total netincome,.  $705,266 
Total  payments.. . . . 843,340 

I>eflcit $5138,074 

**  Frisco  System. '» 

[Illinois,  Indiana,  Mi.ssouri, 
Kansas,  Arkansas,  Okla- 
homa, Texas,  Tennessee, 
Missis-sippi,  Alabama.] 
For  year  ending  Jvne  30,  1907 
(Exclusive  of  Chi.  &  E.  Ill 
K.R. ) 

Total  earnings $38,621,067 

Operating  expenses  24,872,579 

Net  earnings $13,748748^8 

Other  income 1,540.866 


Main  Line,  617.44  m, ;  other  branches, 

63.60  m.     Total  mileage,  581.04. 
ExPKKSs  Co.— Western. 

This  road  is  now  controlled  by  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Ry. 


Erie  DlvTsTon:  "^Ssv  York  Div.,  198 
m. ;  Delaware  Div.,  104  m. ;  Susque- 
hanna Div.,  138  m. ;  Jefferson  Div., 
43  m. ;  Tioga  Div.,  65  m. ;  Rochester 
Div.,  147  m.;  Buffalo  Div.,  177  m. ; 
Alleglieny  I)iv.,  132  m.;  Bradford 
Div.,  84  m.  ;  Wyoming  Div.,  100m. 

Ohio   Division:   jleadville    Div.,    225 
m. ;  Cincinnati  Div., 204  m. ;  Mahon 
in^  Div.,  167  m. ;  Lima  Div.,  127  m. 
Chicago  Div.,  125  m. 

Greenwood  Lake  Div..  53  m.;  North- 
ern R.R.    of  New  Jersev,  26  ni. 

New  Jersey  &N.   Y.  R.  R.,  38  m. 

Total  mileage  of  Erie  R.R.,  2,152. 

EXPBESS  Co.— Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 


Jacksonville  to  Homestead,  394  m. ; 
branch  lines,  158  m.  Total  mile- 
age, 552.  Also  connects  with 
Steamship  Twines  from  :^riami  to 
Key  West,  Havana,  and  Nassau. 

Express  Co.  —Southern 


President,  E.  Zimmerman 
Presidents,  V\  A.  Durban, 
ville,0.,  ayd  Bernard  J. 
New  York;  General  M 
Geo.  K.  iKjwell.  General 
Detroit^  Mich. 


;  V  ice- 
Ziiiies- 
Burk*', 
anager, 
Uflice.'i, 


President  and  General  Manager, 
W.  F.  Fitch,  Marquette,  Mich.; 
1st  Vice-President,  Waller  R. 
Baker,  Montreal,  Can.  ;  2d  Vice- 
President,George  H.Chmcli,  New 
York ;  Secretary,  James  Clarke, 
New  York.  General  Cilices,  Mar- 
quette, Mich. ;  New  York  Office, 
44  Wall  Street. 


President,  F.  D.  Undervi'ood;  1st 
Vice  President,  G.  F.  Brownell; 
2d  Vice-President,  G.  A.  Richard- 
son; 3d  Vice-President,  H.  B. 
Chamberlain;  4th  Vice-Presi- 
dent, J.  M.  Graham;  General 
IManager,  J.  C.  Stuart;  Secretary, 
David  Bosman.  General  Offices, 
11  Broadv/ay,  New  York. 


President,  H.  M.  Flagler,  New 
York;  Vice-President  and  Gen- 
eral Manager,  J.  R.  Parrott ;  2d 
Vice-President,  R.  W.  Parsons, 
New  York;  3  1  Vice-President,  J. 
E.  Ingrahnm;  Traffic  Manager, 
J.  P.  Beckwith;  Secretar.v,  J.  C. 
Salter,  New  York.  General 
Offices,  St.  Augustine,  Fla. ;  New 
York  Office,  26  Broadway. 


Total  net  income. $15,289,354 
Total  payments...  11,130,771 


Surplu-s $4,158,583 

Georjcria  Railroad. 

[Georgia.  ] 

For  year  ending  June  30, 1907 
Total  earnings.   ...  $3,016,458 
Operating  expenses 


Net  earnings. 
Other  income.. 


Total  netincome 
Total  payments.. . . 
I>efictt $138,292 


2,543,674 

$472,784 
7,879 

'$480,663 
618,955 


St.Louis  &  San  Francisco  R.R,  4  737  President,  A.J.  Davidson ;  1st  Vice 


ni. ;  Fort  Worth  &  Rio  Grande  Ry 
195.88  m. ;  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois 
R.R. ,947.67  m. ;  St.  Louis,. San  Fran 
Cisco  &  Texas  Rv.,  124.61  m. ;   Paris 
&  Great  Northern   R.   R.,  16.94  m. 
Total  mileage,  6,022.10. 

ExpRKSs    Co. —  Adams;    Southern; 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 


AuOTsta,  Ga.,  to  Atlanta,  Ga. ,  171  m 
^^acon  Br., 78  m. ;  Athens  Br.,40m. ; 
Washington     Br.,  18    m. 
Plains  Br.,  14  m.    Total 
321. 

ExPBEss  Co.— Southern. 


;     White 
mileage. 


President,  Robert  Mather,  New 
York;  2d  Vice-President,  C.  R. 
Gray;  3d  Vice-President,  W.  B. 
Biddle;  4th  Vice-President.  A. 
Douglas;  Secretary,  F.  H.  Ham- 
ilton; Freight  Traffic  Manager, 
J.  A.  Middleton.  General  Offices, 
St.  Lonis,  Mo. ;  New  York  Offices 
71,  401  Broadway. 


General  Manager,  Thos.  K.  Scott. 
General  Offices,  Augusta,  Ga. ; 
New  York  Office,  290  Broadway, 


Principal  Railroad  Systems  of  United  States  S  Canada. — con.    423 


Systems,  Locatidn,  and 
FiXANCiAL  Data. 


Divisions,  Mileage. and  Operatliu 
Express. 


Georgia  Southern  and 
Florida  Ky. -'*.Su- 
•wanee  River  Route." 

[Georgia  and  Florida.] 
For  year  ending  Janr  30. 1907. 
Total  earnings.. . .      $2,273,845 
Operating  expenses    1.880,209 

Net  earnings $393,136 

Other  income 15^579 

Total  net  income  §408,715 

Total  payments.. . .  378,839 

Surplus $29,876 


Grand   Rnpids   and  In- 
diana Railway. 

[Indiana and  Micliigan.  ] 
Foi'  ve  'V  ending  Junf  30,  1907. 

Total  earnings S4,0rt2,280 

Operating  expenses  3,287.431 

Net  earnings $774,849 

Other  income 31,356 

Total  net  income,    $80*3.205 
Total  paj'meuis 704,738 

Surplus $101,467 


tirand  Trunk  Railway. 

[Maine,  New  Hampshire, 
Vermont,  Quebec,  Ontario, 
lllinois,Indiaua,Michigan  ] 

Ibr6  rnos.  endina  jitn«  30,1907. 

Total  earnings £3,381.259 

Operating  expenses    2.486.544 

Net  earnings £81^-1.715 

Other  income 131,077 

Total  net  income  £1,025,792 
Total  payments ....  710,474 

Surplus £315,318 


Oreat  Northern  Rail* 
vi^ay. 

[Minnesota,  North  Dakota, 
South  Dakota,  Iowa,  Ne- 
braska, Montana,  Idaho, 
Wa.shington,  Wisconsin.  ] 

For  -i/par  endbig  Jinie  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings".  ...  $50,048,041 

Operating  expenses  31,484,729 

Net  earnings. 


General  pfiicers. 


Macon.  Ga..  to  Palatka.  Fla..  285  m.  ;fPresident,  W.  W.  Finley,Washing- 
Valdosta,  Ga. ,  to  Grand  Crossing,  ton,  D.  C. ;  Vice-President,  s.  K. 
T^'-'      106.61    m.       Total    mileage,     Parrott;  Secretary, Ben. O.Smitli, 

General  Offices,  Macon.  Ga. 

Express  Co.— Southern. 


Richmond,  Ind.,  to  Mackinaw  City, 
Mich.  ,460  m.  ;  Traverse  CityDiv., 
26  m. ;  Muskegon  Div.,  37  m.;  Har- 
bor Springs  Br.,  6  m. ;  other 
branches  ,50  m.    Total  mileage  ,579 

Express  Co.— AdamiS, 


$18,563,312 
Other  income 3,414.798 


Total  net  income.  $21,978,110 
Total  payments....  19  822,40' 


Surplus .>  $2,165,703 


Valley     Rail- 


Ilocklns 
■way. 

[Ohio.  ] 

For  yrar  ending  June  30, 1907 

Total  earnings $6  907,048 

Operating  expenses.  4.709,809 

Net  earnings 
Other  income 445.438 


Eastern  Div.,  938  m.;  Ottawa  Div. 
466   m.;    Middle    Div.,  1,490.25  m 
Northern  Div.,  888.36  m. ;  Western 
Div  ,  859.73  m.    Total  mileage,  4,642_ 

ExPKESS  Co.— Canadian.    On  Grand 
Trunk  Western  Ry.,  JS^atioual. 


Great  Northern  R.v.,  5,489  m.;  Mon- 
tana Central  Ry.,  249  ni.;  Wilmar 
and  Sioux  Falls  Ry..437  m. ;  Dnluth, 
Watertown  and  Pacific  Ry.,  70  m. 
Total  mileage, 6,249. 

Express  Co.— Great  Northern. 


President,  Joseph  Woo<l,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa.  ;  Vice-President,  W.  R. 
Shelby;  General  Manager,  .7.  H. 
P.  Hughart;  Secretary,  R.  R. 
Metheany.  General  Offices, 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich, 


President,  Chas.  Rivers  Wilson, 
London,  Eug. ;  Vice-President. 
A.  W.  Smithers,  London,  Eug.  ; 
2d  Vice-President  and  General 
]\ranager,  Chas.  M.  Hays;  3d 
Vice-President,  E.  H.  Fitzhugli; 
4th  Vice-President,  W.  Wain- 
wright.  General  Offices,  Mon- 
treal, Quebec;  New  York  Office, 
290  Broadway. 


President,  L.  W.  Hill;  2d  Vice- 
President,  R.  I.  Farrington;  3d 
Vice-President  and  Secretarv, 
E.  T.  Nichols,  New  York; 
General  Manager,  F.  E.  Ward. 
General  Offices,  sr.  I'anl,  Miim.  ; 
New  York  Offices,  32  Nassau 
Street,  379  Broadway. 


Toledo.  O.,  to  Pomeroy,0.,  252.1  m. ; 
Athens  Br.,  26.9  m.;  Jackson  Br., 
17.5  m.  ;  other  branches,  50.5  m. 
Total  mileage,  347. 

.:j:2,197,2.39  Express  Co.— American   North  of 
Columbus,   O.  ;  Adams  South   of 


Total  net  income. $-,642,677 
Total  payments....   2,320,618 

Surplus. $322,059 


Houston  and  Texas  Cen- 
tr  >1   Railroad. 

[Texas.  ] 

Financial     report    included 
in  Southern  Pacific  Co. 


Columbus,  O. 


|Main  Line,  3.S7.98  m 
115  m.;    Waco  Br. 
J )i v.,  129.45  m.;  Ft, 
ni. ;  Lancaster  Br.  ,4. 75  m.  Nelleva 
Mexia  Cut-offi  94  m.    Total  mile- 
age, 788.78. 

lExPKEss  Co,  — V/ells,  Fargo  &  Co. 


President,  N.  Monsarrat;  1st  Vice- 
President,  R.  W.  Hickox,  Cieve- 
land,0. ;  2d  Vice-President,  J.  H. 
Hoyt,  Cleveland,  O.  ;  Secretary 
and  Treasurer.  W.  N.  (.'ott;  As- 
sistant Secretary  and  Treasurer 
A.  H.  (Millard, New  York 
Offices,  Columbus  O. 


General 


Tex.  ;      New 
Broad  way. 


Yorlc 


Office, 
« 


424    Principal  Railroad  Systems  of  United  States  S  Canada. — cm. 


8VSTKMS,  Location,  and 
Financial.  Data. 

Illin«>is  Central  liail- 
roa<l. 

[Illiiiois,  Indiana,  Wisconsin, 
Jowa,  Minnesota,  South 
Dakota,  Kentucky,  Ten- 
nessee, Mississippi,  Louisi- 
ana, Missouri,  Alabama.] 

For  year  eiulhifj  Jxnif.  30,1907. 

Total  earnings $56,610,683 

Operating  expenses  40,065,524 


Net  earnings $16,545,109 

Other  income 2,818,575 

Total  net  income.$19,363,684 
Total  paj-ments. . ..   19.317,325 

Surplus $46,369 


liitercnloiiial    RaiKvay. 

[Nova  Scotia,  New    Bruns- 
wick, Quebec.  J 
For  9  mos.  ending  Mri r. 31, 1901 

Total  earnings $6,248,311 

Operating  expenses.  6,030.321 

Surplus T$217,990 

International  and  fJreai 
Northern  Railroad. 

[Texas.  ] 

For  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $8,826,959 

Operating  expenses.  6,876,949 

Net  earnings $1,950,010 

Other  income 4,530 


Divisions,  Mileage,  and  Operating 
Express. 


Total  net  income.. $1,954 ,540 
Total  paj-ments 1,780,811 


Surplus $173,729 

Iowa  Central  Railway. 

[Iowa  and  Illinois.] 

For  year  ending  Jxme  30.1907. 

Total  earnings $3,132,048 

Operating  expenses    2,150,207 

Net  earnings $981,841 

Other  income 59.854 

Total  net  income.  $1,041,695 
Total  paj'ments...       596, 100 

Surplus ■  $445,595 

Kansas    City    .Sonthern 

Railway. 
Texaikaiia     and     Fort 

."^initli  Railway. 

[Mi.s.souri,  Kansas,ArkansaR, 
Oklahoma,  Louisiana, 
Texas.] 

For  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $9,084,331 

Operating  expenses    5,339,518 

Net  earnings $3,744,813 

Other  income 78.134 

Total  net  income. $3,822,947 
Total  payments 1,367.608 

Surplus $2,455,32? 

Lake  Erie  and  Western 
Railroad. 

[Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois.] 
For (t most,  erulino  June'M,\9{)l. 

Total  earnings. $2,4.S2,.5.38 

Operating  expenses.  1,841,117 

Net  earnings $591,421 

Other  income 3,538 

Total  net  income.    $594,959 
Total  payments....       694,507 

Surplus $452 


Illinois  Central  R.R., 705.50  m. ;  Chi- 
cago, St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans 
R.  R.,  1.306.19  m. ;  Dubuque  and 
Sioux  City  R.  R.,  759.88  m.;  other 
branches, 1,577.50  m.  Total  mileage, 
4,349.07. 

Vazooand  Miss.Val.  R.R..  1,239.14  m. 

Indianapolis  SouthernR.  R.,  179.26ui. 

EXPRE.SS  Co.  —American. 


Halifax  and  Montreal  Line,836.73m. ; 
St.  .John  Br.,  89.36  m.  ;  Truro  and 
Svdnev  Line, 214.17  m. ;  Oxford  and 
Piotou  Br.,;69.10m.  ;CanadaEastprn 
Br.  ,125  m.  ;  other  branches,  114.26 
m.     Total  mileage,  1,448.62. 

Express  Co. —Canadian ;  Dominion. 


Gulf  Div.,  408.9  m. ;  Fort  "Worth  Div. 
872.7  m. ;  San  Antonio  Div. ,  422.9  m 
Total  mileage,  1,159.5. 

Express  Co.  —Pacific 


General  Ollicers. 


President,  James  T.  TIarahan; 
Vice-President, I.  G.  Rawn;  Vice- 
President  and  Secretarj',  A.  G. 
Hackstaff,  New  York;  Assistant 
Secretaries,  D.  R.  Burbank,  New 
York,  and  W.G.  Brueu,  Chicjxgo, 
111.  General  Ollices,  Chicago, 
111.;  New  York  Offices,  115  and 
336  Broad  %vay. 

General  Offices  Yazoo  and  Missis- 
sippi Valley  R.  R.,  Memphis, 
Tenn. ,  and  Chicago,  IlL 


Alhia,  la.,  to  Albert  Lea,  Minn., 
205.32  m. ;  Oskaloosa,  la.,  to  Peoria, 
111..  188.90  m. ;  other  branches, 
164.21  m.    Total  mileage,  558.43. 

Express  Co.  —Adams. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  to  Port  Arthur, 
Tex.,  788  m. ;  Fort  Smith  Br.,  16 
m.  ;  Lake  Charles  Br.,  23  m.  ;  Air 
Line  Branch,  6  m.    Total  mileage, 

839. 

Express  Co.  —Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 


Main  Line,  415.48  m. ;  Indianapolis 
and  Michigan  City  Div.,  160.25  m. ; 
Fort  Wavne  and  Connorsville  Div., 
108.57  m.";  Rushville  P.r.,  24.13  m. ; 
iSIinster  Br., 9.95  m. ;  Northern  Ohio 
Ry..  161.75  m.   Total  mileage, 880.13. 

Express  Co.— American. 

This  road  is  controlled  by  Lake 
Shore  &  Mich.  Southern  Hy. 


General    Manager,    D.    Pottinger, 
General  Offices,  Moncton,  N.  B. 


President,  George  J.  Gmild,  New 
York;  1st  Vice-President.  Frank 
J.  Gould,  New  York;  2d  Vice- 
President  and  General  Manager, 
L.  Trice;  Secretary.  A.  R.  How- 
ard; As.sistant  Secretary,  H.  B. 
Henson,  New  York.  General 
Offices,  Palestine,  Tex.;  New 
York  Offices,  195  and  335  Broad- 
way. 


President,  Edwin  Hawley,  New 
York;  Vice-President,  F.  H. 
Davis.  New  York;  Vice-Presi- 
dent and  General  Manager,  L.  F. 
Dav,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  :  Sec- 
retary, A.  V.  Doan,  New  York; 
Freight  Traffic  Manager,  J.  N. 
Tittemore,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
(General  Offices,  Minneapolis, 
Minn ;  New  York  Office,  25  Broad 
Street, 


Kan.sas  City  Southern  Ry.— Presi- 
dent, J.  A.  Edson;  vnce- Presi- 
dent, H.  R.  Duval,  New  York; 
Secretary,  R.  B.  Sperry,  New 
York.  General  Offices,  Kansas 
Citv,  Mo. ;  New  Y'ork  Office, 
25  Broad  St. 

rexarkana  and  Fort  Smith  Ry.— 
President,  J.  A.  Edson,  Kansas 
City,  Mo.  ;  1st  Vice-President, 
W.  L.  Estes.  General  Offices, 
Texarkana,  Tex. 


President,  VV.  H.  Newman;  Vice- 
Presidents,  W.  C.  Brown,  E.  V. 
W.  Ros-siter,  J.  Carstensen,  C.  F. 
Daly,  A.  H.  Harris,  New  York; 
C.  E.  Schatr,  Chicago,  HI.;  Secre- 
tary, D.  W.  Pardee.  New  York; 
General  IManager,  E.  A.  Handy, 
Cleveland.  O.  General  Offices, 
Grand  Central  Station,  New 
York;  Clevt  land,  C,  aud  In- 
dianapolis, Ind. 


Principal  Railroad  Si/stems  of  United  States  S  Canada. — Owi.    425 


Systems,  Location,  an  d 
Financial  Data. 

I<ake  JSliore  and  flliclii- 
uaii  JSoiitherii  Railway 

[Npw  York,  reuii«ylvaiiia, 
Oliio,  Michigan,  ludiaua, 
Illinois.  ] 

FnrQ  inos.  endinri  Jinte'iO.l^l . 

Total  earnings !$21,589,53T 

Operating  expenses  16.313,271 

Net  earnings $5,276,266 

Other  income 1.950 ,UUO 

Total  net  income  $7,226,266 
Total  payments 7.174,657 

Surplus $51,609 

Ijcliigli  Valley  llailroatl. 

[New    York,    New    Jersey, 

Pennsjivania.  j 
For  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $36,068,431 

Operating  expenses  22,114,252 

Net  earnings $13,954,179 

Other  income 945,137 

Total  net  income. $14,899,316 
Total  payments. . . .    8.874,363 

Surplus. $6,024,953 

T..ong^  Islanil  Railroad. 

[Long  Island, New  York.  ] 
For  year  ending  Dec.  31, 1906. 

Total  earnings $9,595,596 

Operating  expenses  7,481,162 

Net  earnings $2,114,434 

Other  income 406,507 

Total  net  income. $2,520,941 
Total  payments. ....  2,549,300 


Divisions,  Mileage,  and  Operating 
Kx  press. 


Eastern  Div.,  183 m. ;  Toledo  Div.,  190 
m. ;  Michigan  Southern  Div.,  417 
m.;  Western  Div.,  101  m. ;  Frank- 
lin Div.,  179  m.;  Detroit  Div..  160 
m. ;  Lansing  Div.,  290  m.  Total 
mileage,  1.520. 

.Express  Co.— United  States;  Amer- 
ican. 


Deficit $28,359 

Louisville  and  Nashville 
Railroad. 

[Kentucky,  Indiana,  Illinois, 
Georgia,  North  Carolina, 
Virginia,  Tennessee,  Ala- 
bama, Florida,  Louisiana, 
Mississippi.] 

For  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $48,263,945 

Operating  expenses  35,781,302 

Net  earnings $12,482,643 

Other  income 1.561,755 


Total  net  income  $14,044,398 
Total  payments.  ..     7,593.875 


New  Jersey  and  Lehigh  Div., 237.83 
m. ;  Mahanoy  and  Hazleton  Divs., 
159.94  m.  ;  Wyoming  Div. ,  185.06  m. ; 
Pennsylvania  Div.,  327.32  m. ;  Au- 
burn Div.,  302.30  m.;  Buffalo  Div., 
131.07  m.  Branches,  52.07  m.  Total 
mileage,  1,395.59. 

Express  Co.— United  States. 


Main  Line— Long  Island  City  to 
Greenport,  94.74  m.;  Long  Island 
City  to  Montauk,  115.13  m. ; 
branches  owned, 106.48  m. ;  branches 
leased,  63.75  m. ;  New  Y'ork  and 
Rockawav  Beach  Ky.,  11.74  m. 
Total  mileage,  391.84. 

ExpEEss  Co.— Long  Island. 

This  road  is  now  controlled  by  the 
Penusylyania  R,  R. 


Cincinnati    to  Louisville,     114    m.  ; 
Louisville   to  Nashville,    187   m.; 
Nashville  to  New  Orleans,  625  m.  ; 
Memphis  Junction  to  Memphis, ^9 
m. ;  St.  Louis  to  Nashville,  320  m. 
Louisville    to    Lexington,    94  m. 
Cincinnati    to    Marietta,    496  ra. 
other  branches,  2,247.56  m.    Total 
mUeage,  4,342.56. 

Express  Co,— Adams ;  Southern. 


General  Ollicers. 


Surplus $6,450,523 

I>[aine  Central  Railroad. 

[Maine,     New    Hampshire. 

Vermont,  Quebec] 
For  ye^r  ending  June  30,  1907. 

Total  earnings $8,348,139 

Operating  e.xpeuses    5,664,172 

Net  earnings "$2,683,967 

Other  income _     97,130 

Total  net  income.  $2,781,097 
Total  payments. . . .    2.620,002 

Surplus $161 ,095 

Mlchiffan  Central  R.R. 

[New  York,  Ontario,  Michi- 

gan,Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois.] 

For  6  mos.  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $1,3,8.33,981 

Operating  expenses  11.331,423 


Miairnian  of  the  Board.  ("Iiauiicoy 
M.  I)('i)ew,New  York;  ['resident, 
W.  H.  Newman,  New  York ;  Vice- 
Presidents,  W.  C.  Brown,  K  V. 
W.  Kossiter,  C.  F.  Daly.  A.  H. 
Harris  «nd  John  Carsten.sen, 
New  York;C.  E.Schair,  Cliicago, 
III.;  Secretary,  D.  W.  Pardee, 
New  York;  General  INfaiiager, 
E.  A.  Handy,  Cleveland,  O.; 
General  Superintendent,  J.  J. 
Bernet,  Cleveland,  O.  General 
Offices,  Grand  Central  Station, 
New  York,  aud  Cleveland,  O. 


President,  E.  B.  Thomas ;  1st  Vice- 
President,  J.  A.  Middleton,  Ne^^ 
York;  2d  Vice-President,  T.  N. 
Jarvis,  New  York:  Secretary,  D. 
G.  Baird.  General  omces,Phila- 
delpliia.  Pa.;  New  Y'ork  Office, 
143  Liberty  Street. 


President  and  General  Manager, 
Ralph  Peters.  General  Offices, 
Long  Island  City,  New  York, and 
128  Broadway,  New  York. 


President,  Milton  H.  Smith ;  Chair- 
man of  Board,  Henry  Walters, 
New  York;  1st  Vice-President, 
W,  L.  Mapother;  2d  Vice-Presi- 
dent, A.  W.  Morriss,  New  Y'ork ; 
3d  Vice-President,  A.  R.  Smith; 
4th  Vice-President,  G.  E.  Evans; 
Secretary,  J.  H.  Ellis;  General 
Manager,  B.  M.  Starks;  Traffic 
Manager,  C.  B.  Compton.  Gen- 
eral Offices,  Louisville,  Ky. ;  New 
York  Offices,  71  and  290  Broadway. 


Net  earnings $2,502,558 

Other  income 250.637 


Total  net  income  $2,753,195 
Total  payments 2.677,659' 

Surplus $75,5361 


Portland  to  Vanceboro,  via  Augusta, 
250.90  m. ;  Cumberland  Junction  to 
Skowhegan,  91.20  m. ;  Bath  to  Lewis- 
ton  and  Farmiugton,  76.30  m. ;  Bel- 
fast Br.,  33.13  m.;  Dexter  Br.,  30.77 
m. ;  Mt.  Desert  Br.  (including  Steam 
Ferry),  48.83  m. ;  Portland  to  Lunen- 
burg,109.10m. ;  Quebec  Junction  to 
Lime  Ridge,  108.18  m. ;  Bath  to 
Rockland  (including  Steam  Ferry). 
49.09  m . ;  branches,  107.17  m.  Total 
mileage.  931.40. 

Express  Co.  —American. 

Main  Line,  Buffalo  to  Chicago,  536.4 
m.  ;  Toledo  Div.,  58.9  m.  ;  St.  Clair 
Div. ,  66.4  m.  ;  Grand  Rapids  Div. 
94.5  ni.;  Mackinaw  Div.,  182.3  m. 
Air  Line  Div.,  104.2  m. ;  Saginaw 
Div. ,  115.3  m.  ;  Bay  City  Div. , 
108.9  m.  ;  Saginaw  Bay  and  N.  W. 
Div. ,27. 4m. ;  other branches,481.5m. 
Total  mileage,  1,745.32. 

Express  Co.— American. 


President,  Lucius  Tuttle;  Vice- 
President  and  General  Manager, 
George  F.  Evans.  General  Offices, 
Portland,  Me. 


Chairman  of  the  Board,  H.  B.  Led- 
yard,  Detroit,  Mich.  ;  President, 
W.  H.  Newman,  New  York ;  Vice- 
Presidents,  W.  C.  Brown,  New 
York;  C.  E.  Schaff,  Chicago,  la ; 
E.  V.  W.  Rossiter,  John  Carsten- 
sen,  C.  F.  Daly  and  A.  H.  Harris, 
New  Y'ork ;  Secretary,  D.W.  Par- 
dee, New  York.  General  Offices, 
Grand  Central  Station, New  York; 
Chicago,  111.  ;  Detroit,   Mich. 


426    J^rhicipat  Railroad  Systems  of  United  States  S  Canada. — c-on. 


tjySTKMS,    LOCATIO.V,   AND 

Financial  Data. 


Divisions,   Mileage,  aad  Operatiug 
Express. 


iHiiineapolis  «&:  8t.  IjOiiis 
Railroad.  —  '*  Albert 
liea  Rome." 

[Miuuesota.Iowa.S.  Dakota.) 
AV;;-  year  ending  June  ao,  1907. 

Total  earnings $3,873,668 

Operating  expense.s    2.5.57,131 

Net  earnings $1,316,637 

Otherincome 226.685 

Total  net  income.  $1,543,222 
Total  payments....    1,306,388 

Surplus "  $237,834 


ItlinneapoliS)  St.  Paul 
and  8ault  Stc.  I>Iarie 
Rail  way— **SooLiiiie." 

[Irlichigau,  Wisconsin.  Min- 
nesota, NorthDtikola.Soutb 
Dakota-] 

hrr  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

I'otal  earnings $12,892,079 

Operatiug  expenses    7,433,548 

Net  earnings $5,458,531 

Other  income 52,076 

Total  net  income '$6,510,607 
Total  payments ....    2,901,921 

Surplus , $2,608,686 


Ulissoiiri*     Kansas    aud 
Texas    Railway.— 

[Missouri, Kansas.Oklahoma, 

Texas,  l.,ouisiaua.] 
J<\)r  uear  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $26,183,958 

Operating  expeuses_17^675j460 

Net  earnings....."$8^508'^08 
Other  income 177,140 

Total  net  income.  $8,685,648 
Total  payments ....    5,523,338 

Surplus $3,162,310 


Missouri  Pacific  Ry. 

[Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska, 
Colorado,  Oklahoma,  Ark- 
ansas, Louisiana,  Teune.s- 
see,  Illinois.] 

F(/7-  year  ending  Jiine  30,  1907. 

(Including  Iron  Mountain 
Line.) 

Total  earnings $48,703,342 

Operating  expen.ses  32,515,070 

-Vet  earni  ugs $16,188,272 

Other  Income 3,283,282 

I'otal  net  income$19,471,556 
Total  payments...  15,664,326 


St.  Paul,  Albert  Lea  and  Southern 
Divs.  .271.15*m.  Western  and  Pa- 
cific Di vs.  ,217.52  m.  ;  Southwestern 
Div.. 153.50  m.  ;  Des  Moines  &  Ft. 
Dodge  Div. ,  156.72  m. ;  M.  D.  s  P. 
Div.,229.60m.  Total  mileage.1,028.49. 

Express-  Co.  — Adaois. 


General  Officers. 


Michigan— Main  Line, 208.18  m. :  Br. 
42.79   m. ;      Wisconsin— M&in    Line 
263.91  ni.;  Br.,  89.10  m.;   Minnesota 
—  MaiuLine,231.28m. ;  Br., 395.65m. 
Mirth  Bakota— 'Slain.  Line,  361  m. 
Br.,  749.72  m.;  South  I>akota—Miiiu 
Line,  —  m.;  Branch  Lines, 33.56  m. 
Total  mileage,  2,375.19. 

EXPBKSS  Co.— Western. 


President,  Edwin  Hawley,  New 
York;  Vice-Presideut  aud  (Gen- 
eral Manager,  L.  F.  Daj';  Secre- 
tary, Jos.  (iaskell.  General  Offices, 
Minneapolis,  Minn.  ;  New  York 
Office,  25  Bruad  Street. 


Surplus $3,807,230 


Mobile  aud  Ohio  R.R. 

[Missouri,  Illiuois.Keniucky 
Tennessee,  Mississippi 
Alabama.  ] 

Frrr  i/ear  endiiig  June  3o.  1907. 

Total  earnings §10,7.59,519 

Operatiug  expenses    7,643,08" 


Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Ry. ,  1,726 
m.  ;  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Ry. 
of  Texas.  1,245  m.  ;  Galveston, 
Houston  &  Henderson  R.  R.  ,60  m.  ; 
Denison,  Bonham  &  New  Orleans 
R.  R.,24  m.  ;  Wichita  Falls  Ry. ,  18 
n>.  ;  Dallas,  Cleburne  &  Southwest- 
ern R.R.  ,10  m.  Total  mileage,  3,072. 

Express  Co.  —American. 


Missouri  Pacific  Ry.,  1,841  m. ;  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Ry.  Independent  Br. 
Lines,  1,651  m. ;  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  and  Southern  Ry.,  2,594 
m. ;  Central  Br.  Ry.,  388  m.  Total 
mileage,  6,474. 

Express  Co.— Pacific. 


President,  Thomas  Lowry;  ^'Ice- 
President  aud  General  Manager 
E.  Pennington;  Secretary,  C.  F. 
Clement.  General  Offices,  Minne- 
apolis, Minn. ;  New  York  Offices, 
69  Wall  Street,  458  Broadway, 


General  Officers  of  the  System- 
President,  A.  H.  Jollue,  New 
York;  V^ice-President,  Chas.  G. 
Hedge,  New  Y'ork;  Vice -Presi- 
dent and  General  Manager,  A.  A. 
Allen,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Traffic 
Manager,  C.  Haile,  St.  Louis, 
Mo, ;  Secretary, C.  N.  VVhitehead, 
New  Y'ork. 

Officers  of  ISlissouri,  Kansas  & 
Texas  Ry.  Co.  of  Texas— Pres- 
ident, A.  H.  .Toliue;  Vice  -  Pres- 
ident and  General  Manager, 
A.  A.  Allen,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  2a 
Vice-President,  J.  N.  Simpson, 
Dallas,  Tex. ;  Secretary,  C.  S. 
Sherwin,  Dallas,  Tex. 

General  Offices— St.  Louis,  Mo. ; 
Parsons,  Kan. ;  Dallas,  Tex. ;  New 
York  Offices,  49  Wall  Street,  3oy 
Broadway. 


president,  George  J.  Gould,  New 
Y'ork ;  Vice-Presidents,  Frank 
Jay  Gould,  New  York;  Charles 
S.  Clarke,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Alex. 
G.Cochran, St.  Louis, Mo.  ;  Secre- 
tary, A.  H.  Calef,  New  Y'ork. 
General  Offices,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ; 
New  Y'ork  Offices,  196  Broadway. 


Net  earnings 't«,116,432 

Otherincome 123,430 

Total  net  income.  $3,239,862 

Total  paymeuta.  . .     2,618,622 

tturplua $721,340 


Main  Line,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ,  to  Mobile, 
Ala.,  644.60  m. ;  Aberdeen  Br.,  9  m. ; 
Starkville  Br.,  11  m. ;  Montgomery 
Div.,  167.19  m.  ;  Blocton  Br.,  11.82 
m.;  Columbus,  INHss.  Br.,  14  m.  ; 
Warrior  .southern  R.R. ,  13.60  m.  : 
Warrior  Br.,  9.51  m.  ;Millstadt  Br. , 
7  m.;  Mobile  and  Bay  Shore  Ry. , 
38.36  m.  Total  mileage,  926.08. 

Express  Co.— Southern. 


Chairman  of  the  Board,  W.  Butler 
Duncan,  New  York;  President, 
W.  W.  Finley,  New  York;  1st 
Vice-President,  A.  B.  Andrews, 
Raleigh,  N.  C.  ;  Vice-President, 
E.L.Russell,  Mobile,  Alaj  Gen- 
eral Manager,  R.  V.  Taylor, 
Mobile,  Ala.,  Secretary,  Henry 
Tacon,  Mobile,  Ala.  General 
Offices,  Mobile,  Ala. ;  St.  Louis, 
Mo. ;  New  York  Office,  80  Broad- 
way, 


Pi'iliclpal  Railroad  Systems  of  United  States  <jb  Canada. — Oon.    427 


8y8tem.s,  locatjon,  ani> 
F'inaxciaIj  Data. 


Divisions,Mileage.  aud  Operatiug 
Express. 


Na^iiville,  CliattaiiooKn. 
aiui  St.  JiOiiis  KaiUvu^'. 
— **  liOoUoiit  nioiiiilaiii 
lloiite." 

[Georgia,  Alabama,  Tenues- 

aep,  Kentucky.] 
For  \iear  ending  June  30,  1907. 

Total  earniugs $13.2;:?8,472 

Operatiug  expenses.  9,730.163 


Xet  earnings $2.508,;-;l0 

Otlier  income 1^.400 

Total  net  income  !r2,526.710 
Total  payments  . . . .  _2.430,:^30 

Surplus i;«106.380 


New  York  Central    and 
Hudson  River  R.R. 

[New     Yort,    New    Jersey. 

Pennsylvania,    Massachu 

setts.] 
For  year  ending  Dec.  31, 1906. 
(For   entire  system   east  of 

Buffalo,   except  Dunkirk, 

Alleglienv      Valley      and 

Pittsburgh  E,  E.) 
Total  earnings....  .$92,089,768 
Operatingexpenses  66,361,955 

.$25,827,8131 
7,707.7371 


Xet  earnings 

Otiier  income 

Total  net  income. .f3;^,535 ,550 
Total  paymenus. ..     22.567,904 

Surplus §10,967,646 


New  York,  Chicaeo  and 
St.  IjOiiini  Railroad. 

[New    York,    Pennsylvania, 

Oliio,  Indiana,  Illinois.] 
For  year  endina  Dec.  31,1906. 

Total  earnings $9,902,309 

Operatingexpenses 


Main  J>ine,  320.21  m. ;  .McMiuMVille 
Br.,  84.60  m. ;  Sequatcliie  Valley  K. 
R.  ,68.10  m. ;  Tracv  iMty  Br.,31.17  m. ; 
Otiireville  Br,  69.91  ni.;  Shelby- 
ville  Br.,  8.01  m. ;  Lebanon  Br.,  29.21 
m. :  Western  and  Atlantic  R.  R 
136.82  m. ;  Rome  R.  R. .  18.15  ni. 
Huntsville  and  Oadsden  Line,  80  08 
ni. ;  Fayettevilleand  ColumbiaBr., 
86.35  m. ;  Paducah  and  Memphis 
Div.,  254.20  m.;  iSIidiile  Tenn.  and 
Ala.  Div.,  36.98  m.;  West  Na.sh- 
viiip  Br.,  6.26  m.  Total  mileage. 
1.330.05 

ExFKKss  Co.— Southern. 

New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River 
K.Il.,  806.66  m.;  West  Shore  11.  R., 
478.97  in.;  New  York  and  Harlem 
R.  R.,  136.51  m.;  Rome,  Water- 
town  and  Uf,'densburg  R.  R.,  624.37 
m.;  Beech  Creek  R.  R.,  165.88  m 
Beech  Creek  Kxtension  R. It. ,126.46 
m. ;  JMohawk  and  Malone  Ry.,  183.18 
111.;  Carthage  and  Adirondack  Ry., 
45.86  in. ;  New  York  and  Putnam  H. 
R.,  58.88  m.;  Fall  Brook  Ry.,  91.51 
m.;  Pine  Creek  Ry.,  74.96  m.;  Syra 
cuse, Geneva  and  CorningR.v..  64.24 
m. :  Wall  kill  Valley  R.  R.,  32.88  m. ; 
otiier  roads.  44.20  m.  ;  New  York 
&  Ottawa  Line  138.40  m.  ;  St.  Law- 
rence and  Adirondack  R.v..  65.07 
m.  Linesoperated  under  trackage 
rights.  262.77  m.  ;  Boston  &  Albany 
R,  R.,  392.49  m.  Total  mileage, 
3.588.  82 

Dunkirk.  A.  V.  and  P.  R.  R.,  90.51  m. 

ExpRKss    Co.— American.    National 
Express  on  West  £?|iore  R.  R. 


y^et  earniugs 
Other  iiicome.. 


Buffalo,  N.  T.,  tb  CBicago,  lU.,  523 
m. 
7,860.471  Express  Co.— NationaL 

$2,041,738 


47,807 


$2,089,545 
1.691.843 


Total  net  income. 
Total  payments 

Surplus $397,702 


New  York,  Ne^v  Haven 
«fc  Hartford  Railroa'.!. 

[Mu-ssacliusetts,  Riiode  Isl- 
and, Connecticut,  New 
York.] 

For  \if(ir  ending  June  30. 1907. 

'J'otal  earnings $55,601,936 

Operating  expenses^7^850,08l 

Net  earnings $17,751,855 

Other  income 6,328,901 

Total  net  income. $24,080,(56 
Total  payments. . . .  23,092,702 

Surplus $1,988,054 


General  Oflacers 


President  and  Genera!  Manager, 
J.  W.  Thomas,  Jr. ;  Vice-Pres- 
ident and  Tratfic  Manager.  H.  F. 
Smith  ;Secretary,  J.  H.  Ambrose^ 
General  Offices, Na.shville, Tenn.  ; 
New  York  Office,  71  Broadway, 
General  Offices  of  Western  and 
Atlantic  R.  B.,  Atlanta.  Ga. 


Cliafnnan  of  the  Board,  Channcey 
M.  Depew;  President,  William 
H.  Newman;  Senior  Vice-Presi- 
dent, W.  C.  Brown  ;  Vice-Presi- 
dents. E.  V.  W.  Rossiter;  Edgar 
Van  Etten,  Boston,  Mass.;  John 
Carstensen;  Wm.  .1.  Wilgus;  Ira 
A.  Place;  Chus.  F.  Daly:  Vice- 
President  and  General  Manager. 
A.  H.  Smith;  Secretary,  D.  W. 
Par-lee.  (General  Offices.  Albany, 
N.  Y.  Operating  Offices,  Grand 
Central  station, Vanderbilt  Ave- 
nue and  Forty  -  second  Street, 
New  York. 


Chairman  of  the  Board,  Channcey 
M.  Depew.  New  York;  President, 
W.  H.  Cannitf,  Cleveland.  O.  ; 
Secretary.  D.  W.  Pardee,  New 
York.  General  Offices,  Cleveland, 
O.  ;  New  York  Office,  Grand  Cen- 
tral Station. 


New  York  Div.  ,115  m,  :  Hartford 
Div. ,  146  m.  ;  Highland  Div. ,  1T4 
m.  ;  Midland  Div..  154  m.  ;  Air 
Ijine-NorthamDtoii.191  ni. ;  Nauga- 
tuck  Div.,  61m.  ;  Berksliire  Div.. 
181  m.:  Worcester  Div.,  193  m.  ; 
Plymouth  Div.,  279  m.;  Taunton 
Div,,  231  m.;  Providrnce  Div. .  82 
m.  ;  Shore  Div.,  195  m.  Total 
mileage.  2,006. 

New  England  S.  S.  Co.  is  comnosed 
of  the  Fall  River  Line,  Providence 
Line,  Norwich  Line,  New  London 
Line.  New  Bedford  Line,  New 
Haven  Line,  and  Bridgeport  Line. 

Exi'BKss  Co.— Adams. 


New  York, Susquehanna 
&  Western  Railroad. 

[New  Jersey  and  New  York.] 
For  year  ending  June  30.  1906. 
Total  earnings....  .  S2.7.o7.935 
Operating  expenses    1,929,250 

-N'et  earnings.... 
Other  income  ..   . 


Main  Line,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  to 
Stroudsburg,  Pa. ,  98.1  m.  ;  Wilkes- 
Barre  and  Eastern  R.  R.,  86  ni.; 
INIiddletown  Div.,  34.2  m.  ;  other 
branches,  15.9  m.  Total  mileage, 
234.2. 


!?828,6"5 
43.054  ExpRKssCo.— Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 


Total  net  income.     S8;i.739  Thisroad  is  now  partof  the  Erie  R.  R. 


Total  payments 1.010.442 

Deficit $1.">8,713 


System. 


President,  Chas.  S.  Mellen;  Vice- 
Presidents,  T.  E.  Byrnes.  Boston ; 
H.  :>r.KoLhersperger;  E.  H.Mc- 
Henry;  E,  G.  Buckland,  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.;  B.  Campbell;  John 
F,  Stevens;  Secretary,  J.  G. 
Parker;  General  Manager,  S. 
Higgins.     General   Offices,   New 

gaven,  Ct. ;    New  York  Ofiiqos, 
raud  Central  Station. 


President,  F.  D.  Underwood;  1st 
Vice-President,  G.  F.  Brownell; 
2d  Vice-President,G.  A.  Richard- 
son ;  3d  Vice-President  and  Gen- 
eral Traffic  jManager,  H.  B. 
Ctiamberlain;  General  Manager, 
J.  C.  Stuart;  Secretary,  David 
Bosnian,  (ieneral  Offices,  11 
Broadway,  New  York. 


428    Principal  Railroad  Systems  of  United  States  db  Canada. — om*. 


SvsTKMs,  Location,  and 
FiNAN'CiAL  Data. 


New   VorU,  Ontario  and 
WcNtorn  llailway. 

[New  York,  I'eniisjivaiiia.] 
For  yew  eyidino  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings !j8,202,S60 

Operatiug  expenses    5.ti44.345 

Net  earnings. . 
Other  income... 


)j)2. 558,015 
453,716 


Total  net  income..  ^S,oll,731 
Total  payments 1,356,949 


Surplus §1,654,782 

This  road  is  controlled  by 
theN.Y.  ,N  H.&H.R.R. 

Norfolk  iinti  Western 
llaiUvay. 

(Marj'land,  West  Virginia, 
Virginia,  North  Carolina, 
Ohio.] 

For  year  ending  Jtaxe  30,1907. 

Total  earnings $31,164,381 

Operating  e.vpenses  19,514,535 

Net  earnings $11,649,846 

Other  income ^88,94" 

Total  net  income. $11,738,793 
Total  payments. . . .  11,067.241 


Divisions,  Mileage,  and  Operating 
Exj^ress. 


Surplus $671,562 

Northern    Pacific     IJy. 
**  Yellowstone       Parli 
liine." 

[Wisconsin, Mi  nnesota,,Nortl) 
Dakota,  Montana,  Idaho, 
Washington,  Oregon.] 

For  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $68,534,8:« 

Operating  expenses  40,063,035 


..$28,471,797 
. .     2,338,324 


Net  earnings. 
Other  income.. 

Total  net  income.$30,810,121 
Total  payments..  ..  24,112,945 

Surplus $6,697,176 

Oregon     IC  ail  road     and 
Navi^a^tion  Co. 

[Oregon,  Washington, rdaho.] 
This  road  is  now  part  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Sj'stem. 


Oregon  Short  Liine  Kail- 
road. 

[Utah,     Wyomijig,     Idaho, 

Montana,  Oregon.] 
This  road  is  now  part  of  the 

Union  Pacific  System. 


Pen  Msy  I  tan  la  Railroad. 

[New  Vf)rk,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delawaiv, 
Mar.vland,  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, Virginia,  West 
Virginia,  IMic'higan,  Koii- 
tiick.v,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illi- 
nois.] 

For  yrnr  ending  Der.  31 .  19o6. 

Total  t^arniiigs ^^148,2;^9.SXl; 

Opei-ating  expensesloi,8o5.K44 

Net  earnings $46,434,2:^ 

Less    fixed    charges    and 
dividends. 


General  Officers. 


Main  Line,  Cornwall,  N.  V.,  to  Os- 
wego, N.  Y.,  271.75  m.;  Delhi  Br., 
16.84  m.;  Wharton  Valley  R.R.,  6.80 
m.  ;  New  Berlin  Br.,  22.38  m. ;  Utica 
Div.. 31.30  m.;  Rome  Br.,  12.78  m.  ; 
Scranton  Div.,  54.05  m.  ;  Ellenville 
Br.,  7.80  m.  ;  Pecksport  Ry..  3.69  m. ; 
Weehawken,  N.  .!.,  to  Cornwall, 
N.Y.  (trackage  rights). 53.07  m. ;  El- 
lenville and  Kingston  R.  R.,  27.14 
m.  ;  Port  Jervis,  Mont,  and  Sum. 
R.  R.,  38.27  m.  Total  mileage, 
545.87. 

Express  Co.— Adams. 

Norfolk  to  Columbus,  O.,  703.76  m.; 
Lynchburg  to  Durham,  115.43  m.; 
Roanoke  to  Hagerstown,  238.11  m.; 
Roanoke  to  Winston-Salem,  121.30 
m.;  Radford  .function  to  Bristol, 
110.75  m.;  North  Carolina  Junction 
to  Fries.  43.49  m.;  Graham  to  Nor- 
ton,100. 40  m. ;  Portsmouth  Junction 
to  Cincinnati  and  Ivorydale,  105.92 
m.  ;  Columbus,  Connecting  and 
Terminal  R.R.,  3.51m.:  branches, 
818.21m.    Total  mileage,  1,860.88. 

ExfKKss  Co.— Southern. 


St.  Paul.  Minn.,  to  Portland,  Ore., 
Taconia  and  Seattle,  Wash.,  2,766 
m.;  other  divisions  and  branches, 
2,843  m.     Total  mileage,  5,609. 

Tliis  company  connects  with  the 
Great  Northern  S.  S.  Co.  from 
Seattle  and  Tacoma  to  China,  Ja- 
pan and  Manila,  also  with  Boston 
S.  S.  Co. ,  between  Tacoma,  Seattle, 
and  Victoria  and  Japan, China,and 
Manila,  and  from  Seattle  to  Vic- 
toria, V.  T. 

Express  Co.— Northern. 

Portland,  Ore. ,  to  Huntington,  Ore. , 
405  m. ;  Spokane  Div..  245  m. ; 
otlier  branches, 596  m.  Total  mile- 
age, 1,246. 

Steamer  liines:  Portland  to  As- 
toria and  Oregon  City. 

Express  Co.— Pacific. 


fiines  in  Utah,  194.34  m.  ;  in  Wyo- 
ming, 111.40  m. ;  in  Idaho,  936.90  ru.; 
in  ^Nlontana,  134.82  m. ;  in  Orpgon, 
15.42  ni.    Total  mileage,  1,392.88. 

Kx press  Co.— Pacific. 

Eastern  Pennsylvania  Div.,  1,242.23 
m.;  Western  Pennsj-lvania  l)\v., 
620.06  ni.;  New  Jersey  Div.,  473.18 
m.;  Erie  Div.  ,599.80  m.;  Northern 
Central  Ry.  Div. ,  462.70  m.;  Phila- 
delphia, Baltimore  and  Wasliington 
R.  IV.  Div.,  698.27  ni;  West  Jersev 
and  Seashore  R.R.  Div.,  334.31  m.": 
liiiffiiloand  Allegheny  Vallej'  Div., 
820.85  m.;  Baltimore,  Clie.sapeake 
and  .\tlantic  Ky. ,  87.66  m.  ;  Barne- 
pat  R.  R.  ,7.73  m.  ;  Cherrv  Tree  and 
Dixonville  R.  R., 36.03  m.;  Cumber- 
land Valley  R.  R.  lines,  16ii.lb  m.  ; 
r,ong  I.sland  H.  R.  lines,  391.84  ni.  : 
Maryland,  Delaware  &  Virginia 
Jiy.,-78  33  m.  ;  Monongahela  R.R. 
lines,  57.49  m.:  Pemberloii  & 
Heightstown  K.  R.,  24.37  m.;  Hoss- 
lyn  Connecting  R.  K.,  2.69  m. ;  Win- 
field  R.R.,  9.16  m.  Total  mileage 
lines  east,  6,109.85.  Pennsvlvania 
lines  west  of  Pitt.sburgh,  4,867.90  m. 
Total  mileage,  10,977.75. 

i'^jcpsKss  Co,— Adams, 


President.Thomas  P.  Fowler;  Vice- 
President,  J.  B.  Kerr;  Vice- 
President  and  General  Manager, 
J.  E.  Childs;  Secretary,  R,  D.. 
Rickard.  General  Oflfices,  56 
Beaver  Street,  New  York. 


President,  L.  E.  Johnson ;  1st  Vice- 
President,  Wm.  G.  Macdowell, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  2d  Vice-Presi- 
dent and  General  Manager,  N.  D. 
Maher;  3d  Vice-President  and 
Traffic  Manager,  T.  S.  Davaut; 
Secretary,  E.  H.  Aldeu,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  General  Offices, 
Roanoke,  Va. ;  New  York  Of- 
fi(^es,  40  Exchange  Place  and  398 
Broadway. 


President,  Howard  Elliott;  Vice- 
President,  James  N.  Hill,  New 
York;  2d  Vice-President,  J.  M 
Hannaford;  3d  Vice-President, 
Chas.  M.Levey;  Secretary,  G.  II. 
Earl,  New  York.  General  Of- 
fices, St.  I'anl.Minn. ;  New  York 
Offices,  34  Nassau  Street  and  319 
Broadway. 


President,  K.  H.  Harriman,  New 
York;  Secretary,  W.  W.  Cotton; 
Assistant  Secretary,  Alexander 
Millar.  New  York.  General  Of- 
fices. Portland,  Ore.;  New  York 
Offices,  120  and  287  Broadway. 

President,  Edward  H.  Harriman, 
New  Y'ork;  Vice-President  and 
General  Manager,  W.  H.  Ban- 
croft, Salt  liake  City;  Vice-Presi- 
dent,Wm.  D.  Cornish, New  York; 
Secretary,  Alex.  Millar,  New 
York.  General  Offices, Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah ;  New  York  Office,  120 
JJ  road  way. 


President,  James  McCrea ;  1st 
Vice-President,  John  P.  Green; 
2d  Vice-President,  Charles  E. 
Pugh ;  3d  Vice-President,  Sam- 
uel Rea;  4th  Vice-President, 
John  B.  Thayer,  Jr.  :  5th  Vice- 
President,  Henry  Tatnall;  Gen- 
eral Manager,  W.  W.  Atterbnry: 
Secretars,  Lewis  Neilson.  (Gen- 
eral Offices,  Broad  Street  Station, 
Phila<lelphia;  Npw  York  Offices, 
85  Cedar  Street.  170,1354  Broad- 
way, and  263 Fifth  Ave, 


Prlncqyal  Ralh'oad  Systenis  of  United  ^States  cb  Canada.— cm.    420 


Systems,  Location,  and 
FiNAXCiAi.  Data. 


Pere  I>Iaraiietto   R.K. 

[Afichigan,   Ohio,    Iiuliana.  ] 
For  year  ending  June  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings $14,214,194 

Operating:  expenses    9,977,351 

Net  earnings 

Otlier  income 

Total  net  income 
Total  payments 


$4,236,843 
138,987 


$4,375,830 
3,943.608 


Surplus $432,222 


Pliiladelpliia  and  Head- 
ing Kail^vay. 

[New  .Tersey,  Pennsylvania, 

Delaware.) 
For  year  ending  June  30. 1907. 

Total  earnings $43,528,936 

Operating  expenses.  25,889,331 

Net  earnings $17,639,605 

Total  payments. . . .   11,595,179 


Surplus §56,044,426 


ii  II  (•  e  n  a  ii  d  Crescent 
Itoiite. 

[Ohio,  Ken  tuck}',  Tennessee, 
t^eorgia,  Alabama,  Missis- 
sippi, Louisiana.  ] 

For  year  endbw  June.  30,  1906. 
(P..  N.  O.  &T.  P.  Pv. ) 

Total  earnings $8,454,896 

Operating  expenses.   6,392,6 

Net  earnings ir;2,062,225 

Other  income 44.498 


Total  net  income. $2,106,723 
Total  payments 1,968,958 


Divisions,  Mileage,  and  Operating 
Express. 


General  Officers. 


Grand  Rapids  Dist.,  1,013,21  m 
Saginaw  Dist.,  555,43  m.  ;  Detroit 
Dist.,  372,73  m.  :  lines  to  Canada 
(Butialo  Division),  223.41  m.  Total 
mileage,  2,164.78. 

Express  Co.— United  States. 

This  road  is  now  controlled  by  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  and  Dayton 
B.  B, 


I  Receiver,  Jndson  Harmon. 
I'resident,  F.  D.  Underwood,  New 
York:  Vice-President,  George F. 
Brownell.  New  York;  Secretary, 
Thos.  .T.  Walsh,  Cincinnati,  O.  ; 
Asst.  Secretary,  David  P>osmaii, 
New  York;  General  INlanager, 
Wm.  Cottt-r,  Detroit,  Mich. 
General  Offlcos,  Detroit,  Mich, 
and  Cinciiniati,  O. ;  New  York 
Offices,  11,  290  D  road  way.     


Reading  Div., 349.83  m.  ;  Philadelphia 
Div. ,  47.22  m. ;  New  York  Div. , 
152.67m.;  Harrisburg Div., 106.36m. ; 
Shamokin  Div. ,  226.08  ni.  ;  Wil- 
mington and  Columbia  Div. ,  117.45 
m. ;  otherlinesoperatedseparatelj', 
477.51m.     Total  mileage,  1,477.12. 

Express  Co.— United  States. 


Sui-plus $137,765 


Kio     C>raiido      Westei-ii 
Railway. 

[Colorado  and  Utah.] 
Financial  report  included  in 

Denver  and    Rio    Grande 

R.  R. 


Kilt  land  Railroad. 

[V'ernjontand  New  York.] 
For  year  ending  hec.  31,1906. 

Total  earnings $2,799,209 

Operating  expenses    1,978,093 

Net  earnings $821,116 

Other  income 49,9.50 

Total  net  income  .    $871,066 
Total  payments...  .\      721,-336 


Surplus $149,730 


Comprisingthe  following  lines:  Cin- 
cinnati, New  Orleans  and  Toxas 
Pacific  Rv.  ,338  m.  ;New  Orleans  and 
Northeastern  R.  R. ,  196  m.  ;  Ala- 
bama and  Vicksbnrg  Ry. ,  142  m.  ; 
Vicksbnrg,  Shreveport  and  Pacific 
Rv.,  171  m.  ;  Alabama  Great  South- 
ern R.R. ,  309.41  m.  Total  mileage, 
1,156.41. 

Express  Co.— Southern. 


Grand  Junction,  Col.,  to  Ogden, 
Utah,  828.12  m. ;  San  Pete  and 
Sevier  Br.,  132.51  m. ;  Tintic  Br., 
43.73  m. ;  Pleasant  Valley  Br.,  21.54 
m.  ;  Bingham  Br.,  14.26  m. ;  Little 
Cottonwood  Br. ,  10.15  m.  ;  Provo 
Caflon  Br.,  26  m.;  Sunnyside  Br., 
17.38  m.;  Park  City  Br.,  32.28  m. ; 
other  branches,  89.75  m.  Total 
mileage,  715.73. 

Express  Co.— Globe;  Wells,  Fargo 
&Co. 


White  Creek,  Vt.,  to  Canada  Line, 
Que.  ,161.42  m. ;  Chatham.  N.  Y.,  to 
Bennington,  Vt.. 57.21m. ;  Benning- 
ton.Vt. ,  to  No.  Bennington.  4.67  m. ; 
Bellows  Falls,  Vt.,  to  Rutland,  Vt., 
52.21  m.;  Alburgh.  Vt..  to  Oerdens- 
burg,  N.  Y.,  121.60  m. ;  Canada  Line 
to  Novan.Tct.,  Que.,  3.39m.;  Leices- 
ter .let.,  Vt.,  to  Addison  .let,  N.  Y., 
14  61  m.     Total  mileage,  415.11. 

EXPRE.SS  Co.— National. 


^?•al!  Antonio  and  Aran- 
sas Pass  Railway. 

[Texas.] 

For  year  ending  Jime  30, 1907. 

Total  earnings ?'.3,666.418 

Operating  expenses    2,061,895 

Net  earnings Sl,604,.o23 

Total  payments ....     l,603,i,n-J 

Surplus   •■.:,.,^:.  fL§1g 


Houston,  Tex.,  to  San  Antonio,'l'e.x; 
238  m.;  Kenedy,  Tex.,  to  Corpus 
Christi,  Tex.,  88  m. ;  Rockport  Br., 
21  m. ;  Lockhart  Br.,  .55  m. ;  Alice 
Br.,  43  m.  ;  Waco  Br. ,  171  m. :  K«rr- 
vilie  Br.,  71m.;  Brownsville  1)]; , 
36.3  nl.    Total  mileage,  723.7. 

EJSfRges  Co. -^ Wells,  Fargo  &  Cq 


President,  George  F.  Baer;  1st 
Vice-President,  Theodore  Voor- 
hees;  2d  Vice-President,  C.  E. 
Henderson ;  Secretarv,  W.  R. 
Taylor.  General  Oflices,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. ;  New  York  Qtlice, 
143  Liberty  Street. 


C,  N.  O.  &  T.  P.  R v.— President, 
W.  W.  Finley,  Washington,  D.  C.  ; 
Vice-Presidents,  W.  .T.  Murphy 
and  T.  C.  Powell,  Cincinnati,  O. ; 
Secretary,  R.  D.  Lankford.  New 
York;  General  IManager,  Horace 
PJaker,  Cincinnati.  O.  New  York 
Ollice,80.  290  Broadway. 

Alabama Gt.  So.  R.R. —President, 
W.  W.  Finley.  Washington.  D.C.  ; 
1st  Vice-President.  A.  B.  An- 
drew's, Raleigh,  N.  C. ;  Vice- 
Presidents,  W.  .T.  T\rurphv  and 
T.  C.  Powell,  Cincinnati,  O. ; 
General  Manager,  Horace  Baker, 
Cincinnati,  O. 


Chairman  of  the  Board,  George  .T. 
Gould.  New  York:  President,  E. 
T..Tetfery,Ne\v  York;  Vice-Pre.si- 
dent,  Clias.  H.  Schlacks;  Secre- 
tary, Stephen  Little,  New  York. 
General  Offices,  Denver,  Col.; 
New  York  Office,  195  Broadway. 


President,  W.  H.  Newman,  New 
York ;  General  Manager,  George 
T.  .Tarvis.  General  Offices,  Rut- 
land,Vt. 


President,  W.  H.  Mclntyre;  Vice- 
President  and  General  Manager, 
W.  M.  Hobbs;  2d  Vice-President, 
?ir.  D.  Mon.serra:te;  Secretary, 
lieasan  Houston.  General  Of- 
fices, San  Antonio,  Tex.;  New' 
York  Office,  120  Rv'.!?..<^.waj'.-      ."^ 


430    Principal  Uailroad  ^"^ij stems  of  United  States  <k  Canada.-^Con. 


Systems.  Location.  anj> 
FiNAXciAj.  Data. 


Seaboard  Air  liine  Ry. 

L  Virginia,  ^"o^th  Carolina, 
Sontli  Carolina,  Georgia, 
Florida,  Alabama,  j 

For  j/ear  eiidiiipJiiiir  m).  1907. 

Total  eariii liars !{il6.4':7.y-»2 

<  M'f  rating  expenses.  12.^4S,(i41 

Xet  earnings $3,479,901 

Other  iiK'onie 16,1596 

Total  net  income.r$3r496,197 
Fi.ved  charges 3,954,497 

jL>efici  t r~$458,30<) 


SoHtlierii  rarUir  <'oin- 
panv.  — 'SSiinj^el,  <»«;4i«-ii 
ami  .siiaita  itoiitc«.-' 

[l,ouisi:ina,        re.xas.       .\'e\v 

.Me.xico,   .Arizona,    (.'alifor- 

nia.  Ne\  ada.OregoM.  Utah.] 

/•■'//■  >ji)ir  en  Jin;/  Jiinr  3(1,  19o7. 

( iMCluding  water  liiipv;  alsD. ) 

T')tal  earnings $124.8K4,440 

Operating expense>.  8J,.i78.9(i7 

.Vet  receipts      ..  ..$42.285;5H3 
Other  income K,rit)5,865 

Total  net  income$45.95(^H98 
Total  payments.    ?.2.<i86,175 

Surplus !*>13,86i;723 


Divisions,  iMileage.and  uperaimg 
Express. 


Oeneral  Officers. 


First  Di v.,  370.35  ni.;  Second  Div., 
386.51  m. ;  Third  Div.,  398.26  ni. ; 
Fourth  Div..  534.24  m. ;  Fifth  I>iT., 
462.44  in.  ;  Sixth  Div.,  459.17  m. 
Total  mileage,  2,610.97. 

ExPKKss  (Jo.  —Southern. 


President.  W.  A.  Oarrett, Norfolk. 
V'a. ;  Vice-1're.sideuts.  D.  Sevier. 
Norfolk,  Va.  :  (Jeneral  :Manacer. 
'i'.  F.  Whitlelsey,  Norfolk,  Va.  ; 
Secretary,  f).  (".  Porteous,  ^>\\ 
York.  CeiioralOHices.j'ortsmoiitli 
and  Norfolk.  Va.;  New  Vorkoi- 
fi<-es,  24  HioaU  Street,  387  and  1183 
iJroad  way. 


Lines  soutli  of  rortland  and  west  of 
Ogden  and  J<io  (irande  Kiver— 
Nevada  and  California  Rv.,  330.48 
m. ;  Central  Pacilic  Kv.. 1,468.14  m. ; 
Oregon  &  Caliiornia  1\.  K., 666.17  m.; 
South  Pacilic  (.'oast  Kv. ,  lim  35in.  : 
Homhern  Pacilic  k.  P.,  3.193.11  m.  ;  President     F    H 


Sunset  Central 
I,oiiisiana  and 
Steamship  <  O. , 
Hid    Vermilion 


fSontherM  JlailU'av. 

[District  of  (Jolumbia.  Vir- 
ginia, North  Carolina, 
>outh  Carolina,  (Georgia, 
Florida,  Alabama,  .Mis>is- 
sippi,  lennessee, Ken  tuck  V. 
Illinoi.s,  Indiana. Missouri.] 
For  !/rar  finlinji  JniflW.  19t'7 

'I'otal  earnings .-fori. 6-^7 .994 

Opera tinge.xpensex  44.6i^."-'x2 

Net  earnings .1(11.958,712 

Other  income 1.829.281 

Total  net  income. $1.3,7877993 

Total  payments 13,5-34.006 

J^'irpUis ~~$2637987 


New  Mexico  and  Arizona  l{.  K.  88.19 
Jii.;  Sonora  K.  K. ,  262.60  m.  Total 
mileage^.  6,110.04. 

Lines  —  Morgan's 
Te.xas  K.  P.  and 
350.95   ni.  ;    Iberia 

U.  il.,    21.00   m.  ; 

JiOuisiana  Western  P.  K.,  198.28m.; 
Toxas  and  New  Orleans  P.  p., 
448.48  m.  ;  (Jalvestviii,  llariisburg 
and  .San  Antonio  Py.,  1,342.94  m.; 
Houston  and  Te.xiis  Central  R. 
R.,  789.01  m.;  Houston,  K.  and 
W.Texas  Py.,  190.94  m.;  Houston 
and  Shieveport  P.  K.,  39.78  m. 
Total  mileage, 3..381. 38. 
ExFKESs  Co. —Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 


Xnrf./irni  Dixfrirt:  M'asliington  Div., 

344.83  m.:  Danville  Div.,  229.88  ni. ; 
Kicbmond    Div.,   180  in.      Norfolk 
Div. .427. 18  m.  ;  Durham  Div., 241.25 
m.  ;  Winston-Salem  Div., 379.01m 
lotal.  1,802.15  m. 

^ndfile  J)istrirf:  Kno.xville  Div., 
.360.92m.;  Knoxville  and  Augusta 
P.P.,  27.97  m.  ;  MnrphvDiv  ,  122..50 
m.;  Coster  Dir..  213.82  m.  :  Mem- 
phis Div.  .332.13m.;  .Asheviile  l>iv.. 
249  m.  ;  Knoxville  and  Bristol  P.p., 
39.84  m. :  Nashville  Div.  ,217.44  m 
Total,  1.561.62  111. 

FAi.'ilern  Ditrkt  :  Charlotte  Div..  462.14 
m.  ;  Columbia  Div..  391.71  m.  : 
Charleston  Div.,  211.76  m.:  .Tnck- 
sonville  Div.,  160  96  m. :  Pock  Hill 
Div.,  234.81  m.  ;  Spartanburg  Div 

236.84  m.    Total,  1.698.22  m. 
H>.'!/^/u  Dintrirt:  Birmiiigliam  Div. 

192.3(»m.:    ]\[obile  Div..  307.76   m, 
Selnia  Div., 260.71  m.;  Atlanta  Div., 
379.41m.  ;  Columbus  Div.,  200.28m  ;| 
Macon      Div.,    285.40     ni.       Total, i 

<  1,625.86  m. 

St.  Louis-Loifisville  Line.  517.. "5  m.! 

Sontheri   Py.  in  Miss..  268.92  m.  ' 

Total  mileage  of  system.  7.474.12. 

ExPKKvs  Co.  —Southern. 


Harriman.   rs'ew 


York;  Vice-Presidents.  W.  D. 
Cornish.  Xew  York;  .I.C.  Stiibbs, 
Chicago,  ni.  ;  .1.  Krntt.schnift. 
Chicago.  III.;  Vice-President  and 
(jeueral  Manager,  K.  E.  Calvin; 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  :  Secretarv. 
Alex.  Millar,  New  York.  (;en- 
eral  Oflices,  San  Francisco  Cal.  ; 
New  York  Ollice^,  120  and  349 
Broadwaj-. 


President,  \v.  ^A'.  Vinlev.TVashine- 
ton,  D.C.;  1st  Vice-President,  A. 
P.  .\iidrews.  Paleieli.  N.  C. ;  2d 
Vice- President.. I.. Af.  Cnlp.AVasli- 
ina:ton,D.C.  ;  Vice- President  and 
•  ieneral  Manager,  C.  H.  .Ackert. 
Washington,  D,  C.  ;  Vice-Presi- 
dents, H.  B,  Spencer.  Wasliing- 
tou.  I).  C.  ;  T.  f.  Powell.si.  Loiii^, 
Mo.;  Fairfax  Harrison.  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.  ;  Secretary.  P.D.  Lnnk- 
ford,  N'ew  York.  'Jeneiiil  OMice-;. 
Wa.shington,  I).  C.  New  York 
Ollices,  80,  271, 1200  Biosidwav. 


Sf,    Jo!i«o|»li    niid    (iraiid 
I.>4laii«l  ]{ail\vRV. 

l.Mi^<■^<.uli.    Kan.sMs,   aiul   Ne- 
braska.] |_. 
F»,i/,(ir  (n'thip  .7i/JU'.30,  1907.i'^Q."7''*  *[}>'•  •^'"-  < ''^  firand  Island, 

Total  earning- .+1.7:vl,.^.57      '  **   ■  •  '"''  '"• 

Operating  e.\peii.se.s.  1.143,.t31  Exfkk.s.k  co.  —Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 

Net  earnings !f6Piro26l 

Total  payments 172,691 

Surplu.^ $419,886' 


President,  W.  T.  V.in  Brunt; 
Secretary,  W  N.  Purvis;  (Jeii- 
cral  OlYices,  St.  .loseph.    Mo. 


Prinetpdl  lla'droad  St/stems  of  TTnlted  States  c6  (Jaiuida. — con.     41^1 


SvsTKMs,  Location,  axi> 
Financial  Data. 


Divisious,  Mileage,  aud  Operating 
Express.  


General  Officers. 


St.  fiOUis  .SoiitliM'rHterii 
It  n  i  I  >v  a.v  System.— 
*»  Cotton   Belt  Uoiite." 

[Tilinois,  Missouri,  Arkansas, 

Louisiana,  Texas.] 
For  year  endiiuj  Jniif  3ii,  19<)7. 

lotiil  earnings !^10,o53,13o 

operatiiig expenses  _7jliH),l02 

Net  earnings $3,357, u:J3 

other  income 207,WH 

Total  net  income.. $3^564,681 
'I'otal  payments _1^2^13*5 

burplus $1,712,543 


Texas  and  Pacific  Ity. 

[Jjouisiaua,    Arkansas,    and 

Texas.  ] 
Fur  i/ear  ending  Dec.  31, 1906. 

Total  earnings $14,914,607 

< jperati  ng  expen.ses .   9,854,922 

Net  earnings $5,059,685 

Other  income 56,017 


Total  net  income.  $5,115,702 
Total  payments 3,551,459 


67.  Louis  Soiillm-eslern  Ki/.:  Main 
Line, 425.8  m.  ;.Stuttgart  Br.,34.6  m. ; 
New  Madrid  Br.,  6.3  m. ;  Little 
Rock  Br.,  44.4  m.  ;  Shreveport  Br.  ; 
62.6  m.  ;  Cairo  Br. ,  57.7  m. ,  Illinois 
Div.  (joint  track),  138.2  m.  Total 
mileage,  772.7. 

St.  Louis  Stiiillurestet-ti  R;/.  of  l^xas: 
jMain  Line,  305.4  in.  ;  Sherman  Br 
52.3  m.  ;  Fort  Worth  Br.,  154.3  m.  ; 
Hillsboro  I5r.,40.2  m. ;  Lnfkin  Br., 
115.4  m.;  Dallas  Br.,  13.7  m.  Total 
mileage, 681.3.  Grand  total  mileage. 
1.454. 

EXPRK.SS  Co. —Pacific. 


Ea-stern  Div. ,  511  m.;  Rio  Grande 
Div. ,  620  ni.  :  Louisiana  Div. ,  356 
ni.  ;  Port  Allen  Br. ,  102  m.  :  La 
Fourche  Br.,  28  m.  ;  Te.xarkana 
Dist. .  70  m.  ;  Avoyelles  Br.,  56  m.  ; 
Natchitoches  Br. ,  89m.  ;  Napoleoii- 
ville  Br. ,  16  m.  Total  mileage,  1,848. 

ExpRKSs  Co.— Pacific. 


President,  Edwin  Gould,  New 
York;  Vice-President  and  Gen- 
eral Manager,  F,  H.  Brittou,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.;  Freight  Traffic  Man- 
ager, H.  E.  Farrell,  St.  Louis. 
Mo.  ;  Secretary,  A.  J.  Trussell, 
New  York,  (ieneral  Offices,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  195  Broadway, 
New  York.  (General  Offices  St. 
I-.  s.  W.  Ry.  of  Texas,  Tyler, 
Tex. 


Surplus $1,564,243 


Toledo  andOliio  Central 
llaiUvay,  and  Kana- 
wha and  .>licbisan  Ky. 
'M>bio  Central  l.ines." 

[Ohio  and  \Wst  Virginia.] 
F)r  ijeur  eiidina  Jun*"  30,  1907. 
(Toledo  and  Ohio  Cent.  Ry.*; 

Total  eariiings ir4,866,661 

Operating  expen.ses.  3,319,630 

Net  earnings $1,547,031 

Total  payments 1,188,500 

Surplus $358,531 


Toledo,  St.  liOnis  and 
Western  Railroad.— 
*»CIover  TiCal  Konte.*' 

[Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Mis- 
souri. ] 
Far  i/eur  ending  June  30,  1906. 

Total  earnings $4,205,050 

Operating  expenses.  3  141,617 

^Jet  earnings $1,603,433 

Other  income 25,077 

Total  net  income.  $1.08875To 
Total  payments 617,375 

Surplus $471,135 


Toledo  to  Bremen,  172.91  m. ;  New 
Lexington  to  Corning,  12.33  ni.  ; 
Wliitmore  to  Thurston,  145.57  m.  ; 
Roseland  to  Truro  Junction,  4.20 
m.;  Peoria  to  St.  Marys,  59.80  m. ; 
trackage  rights,  45.99  m.  Total 
mileage,  440.80. 

ExpRKSS  Co.— United  States. 


President,  George  J.  Gould ;  Vice- 
President,  Frank  J.  Gould,  New 
York;  Vice-President  aud  Gen- 
eral Manager,  L.  S.  Tborue, 
Dallas,  Tex.  ;  Secretary,  C.  E. 
Satterlee,  New  York.  General 
Offices,  195  Broadway, New  York, 
and  Dallas,  Tex. 


Chairman  of  Board,  Decatnr  Ax- 
tell,  Richmond,  Va. ;  President, 
N.  Monsarrat,  Columbus,  O.  ; 
1st  Vice-President  T.  &  O.  C.  Ry. , 
Chas.  G.  Hickox,  Cleveland,  O.  ; 
1st  Vice-President  K  &  ^f.  Ry., 
R.  W.  Hickox,  Cleveland.  O.  ; 
2d  Vice-President  and  Secretary. 
J  M.  Ferris.  General  Offices. 
Toledo,  O. 


Toledo,  0.,to  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
ExpRKSs  Co.— National. 


,450. 


m. 


ITnionPacificltailroad.- 
"  Overland  Itonte." 

[Kansas,    Nebra.ska,     Iowa. 

Colorado, Wyoming,  Utah, 

Missouri.  ] 
For  1/ear  ending  June  30, 1907. 
(Including    Union     Pacific, 

t)regon  R.R.   &  Nav.    Co., 

and  Oregon  Short  Line. ) 

Total  earnings $76,040,727 

Operati  ng  expenses  40,574,889 

Net  earnings ,$3574'653?.8 

Other  income 12.079,516 

Total  net  income $47  545.3.54 
Total  payments. . .    36.392,189 

Surplus $11.153.165 


Chairman  of  the  Board,  \V.  A. 
Read.  New  Y'ork;  President  and 
General  Manager,  T.  P.  Shouts, 
Toledo, O. ;  Vice-President,  Thos. 
H,  Hubbard, New  York  ;  2d  Vice- 
President  and  General  Traffic 
Manager.  Geo.  H.  Ross,  Toledo, 
O;  Secretary,  James  S.  Mackie, 
New  Y'ork. 


Nebraska  Div.,  765.95  m.;  Kansa.s 
Div.  ,711m. ;  Colorado  Div. ,741. 62  m. ; 
Wvoming Div., 533.29 ni. :  I'taliDiv., 
203.59  m.    Total  mileage,  2,955.45. 

ExpRKSs  Co.— Pacific. 

Tliis  road  also  controls  the  Leaven- 
worth, Kan.sas  and  Western  Ry., 
Oregon  R.  R.  and  Nav.  Co., and  the 
Oregon  Short  Line. 


President,  E.  H.  Harriman,  New 
Y''ork;  Vice-President.  Wm.  D. 
Cornish,  New  York;  Vice  Presi- 
dent and  General  Manager,  A.  L. 
Moliler;  Traffic  Director,  J.  C. 
St ubbs, Chicago;  Secretary, Alex- 
ander Millar,  New  York.  General 
Offices,  Omaha,  Neb.  ;  New  York 
Offices,  120  and  287  Broadway. 


*  K-inawha   and    Michiean    Rv.— Toui  earning,  $2,377,061;    operating  expensei,  $1,86 1,966  ;  net   earnings,  $515,695;    p»y 
mentb,  $6a3,4cn  ;  deflcit,  |in,7»3. 


432    Principal  Hailrocid  Systems  of  Vnited  States  <Jb  Canada. — Om. 


Systkms,  Location,  ai\j> 
FiNAXCJAL  Data. 


Yaiulalia  Kailroa<i  C'o.— 

[Indiana,  Illinois,  INIissonri.] 
For  year  ending  Dec.  31.  1906.  '>^» 
Total  earnings $8,904,859;    j" 


Divisions,  Mileage,  aud  Operating 
E.\  press. 


Operating  expenses .^,931 ,890 1 

Net  earnings $1,972  969! 

Other  income 81,90o| 

Total  net  income..$2,054,874 
Total  payments _2,041,3|il 

feurpliis $13,5-13 


Wabash  Itailroad. 

[Ontario,  Canada,  Ohio,  In- 
diana, Michigan,  Illinois. 
Missouri,  Iowa.  ] 

Ihr  year  ending  June  SO.  1907. 

Total  earnings $27,432,473 

Operating  expenses  19,505,147 

Net  earnings $7,927,326 

Otlierincome 942,527 

Total  net  income  $8369,853 
Total  payments. . . .    8.408,188 

Snrplus $461,665 


Westeru   Maryland 
Uailroa<1. 

[  Maryland,     Pennsylvania, 

West  Virginia.] 
For  year  ending  June  SO,  1907. 

'lotal  earnings $5,600,454 

Operating  expenses  3,729,978 

Net  earnings $17870,476 

Otlierincome 785,074 

Total  net  income.. $2,655,550 
Total  payments 2,644,586 

Surplus $10,964 


VV b  e  e  I  i  II  jsr    and    Lake 
Erie  itailroad. 

[Ohio.  ] 

For  year  eiuling  June  80. 1907. 

Total  earnings $6,124,206 

Operating  expenses.  4,125,369 

Net  earnings $1,998,837 

Other  income 120,430 

Total  net  income. ,$2,119,267 
Total  payments 1,592,335 

Surplus "  $526,932 


Louis  Div. ,  242  m; 
;r.,  8  m.;  Michigan 


Centre  Point 
Div. ,  275  m 


Vincennes  Div. ,  117  m, ;    branches. 
16  ni;  Terre  Haute  and  Peoria  11. R. 
174  m.     Total  mileage,  832. 
ExfRKSs  Co.— Adams. 


Lines:  In  New  York,  31  m.  ;  in  Can- 
ada, 244.3  ni.;  inMichigan,105.6ni. ; 
in  Ohio.  170.2  m. ;  in  Indiana,  357.4 
m.  ;in  Illinois, 745.2  m.;  in  Missouri, 
654  m.  ;  in  Iowa,  208.9  m.  ;  in 
Nebraska,  .6  m.  Total  mileage, 
2,517.2. 

ExPKKss  Co.  —Pacific. 


Main  Line,  296  m.     Total  mileftge, 
543. 

ExPRKss  Co.  —Adams. 


Toledo  Div.,  218  m.;  Cleveland  Div., 
144  m.;  Chagrin  Falls  Br.,  8  m.  ; 
Ohio  River  Div.,  13  m.;  Huron 
Div. ,  13  m. ;  Carrollton  Br. ,  45  m.  ; 
other  branches,  47  m.  Total  mile- 
age, 488. 

ExpRKss  Co.  —Pacific. 


Wisconsin  Central  My. 

[Illinois,     Wisconsin,    Mich- 
igan, Minnesota.? 
For  year  ending  June  30,  1907. 

Total  earnings $7,577,1781 

Operating  expenses.  5,043,376 

Net  earnings $2,533,802 

Other  income 35,127 


Total  net  income.  $2,568,929 

Total  payments 1,505,473 

Surplus $l,063,456i Express  Co.  -National. 


Chicago,  III,,  to  Trout  Brook  Junc- 
tion, Minn.,  452.02  m. ;  Abbotsford 
to  Ashland,  1:^2.56  m. ;  Portage  Dr., 
70.75  m. ;  INIontello  Br.,  7.68  m. ; 
Marsh  field  Br.,  22.44  ra. ;  Eau  Claire 
Br., 9.84  m. ;  Manitowoc  Div..  44.18 
m ;  Xekoosa  Br. .  32.61  m.  :  Ladj'- 
smith  Hr..  44.60  m;  spurs  to  indus- 
tries, 166.81  m.  ;  other  branches, 
43.62  m.     Total  mileage,  1,027.11. 


General  Officers. 


President,  Joseph  Wood ;  Vice- 
Presidents,  J.  J.  Turner,  D.  T. 
McCabe  aud  E.  B.  Taylor;  Gen- 
eral Manager, Benj.  McKeen.St. 
Louis,  Mo.  General  Offices,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 


President,  F.  A.  Delano,  Chicago, 
III.;  Vice-Presidents,  Edgar  T. 
Welles,  New  York ;  W.  H.  Blod- 
gett,  and  E.  B.  Prvor,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.;  General  Manager,  Henry 
Miller,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  :  Secre- 
tary, J.  C.  Otteson,  New  York. 
General  Offices,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ; 
New  York  Offices,  195  and  387 
Broadway, 


President,  B. 
dent. 


F.  Bush ; 


Manager,  A 
tary,    L.    F. 
York.     General 
more,  Md. 


Vice-Presi- 

;  General 

Robertson;   Secre- 

Tim merman.  New 

Offices,    Balti- 


Chairman  of  the  Board,  '^(.  T. 
Herrick;  President, F.  A.Delano. 
Chicago,  111.;  Vice-President,  A. 
W.  Krech,  New  York;  Vice- 
President  and  General  Manager, 
B.  A.  Worthington,  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.;  Secretary,  H.  B.  Henson, 
New  York.  General  Otfices.  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa.  ;  New  York  Office,  195 
Broadway, 


President,  W.  A.  Bradford;  Sec- 
retary, G.  W.  Webster.  General 
Offices,  Milwaukee,  Wi.s. ;  New 
York  Offices,  17  Nassau  St, ,  290 
Broadway. 


Railroad  Cluhs. 


483 


iiiailluai)  2£mploi)rs  in  tije  mwittti  ^UXtn. 


COMPAKATIVK  >SUMMARY   OK   Jl^MP 

(From  statistical  Report  of 


LOYKS  ANJ>   AVKKAGlfi  J^AILY   C'OMPKNSATION. 

the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.) 


Class. 


tieneral  officers 

Olher  ollicei>> 

tieneral  office  clerks 

wuu iuu  agents 

Ollierstatioiimeu 

Kngi  ueuieu ' 

Firemen 

Conductors  

Other  trainmen 

Machinirsts 

Carpenters 

Other  shopmen 

Section  foreineu 

Other  trackmen 

Switchtenders,  watchmen 

Tel.  operators,  despatchers 

Emplo's— ace' t  float'g  equip' t. 
All  other  emplo's  and  labor's. 

Total 


1006. 


Num- 
ber. 

~  6,090 

6,705 

57,210 

34.940 

138,778 
59.855 
62.678 
43,936 

119.087 
51,ij53 
63,830 

199,940 
40,463 

243,791 

49,659 

S6.090 

.      8,314 

198,736 

|l-,521,355l 


Per  1  IK) 

jiiiles 

of  line. 


3 

3 

26 
16 
62 
27 
28 
20 
53 
23 
29 
90 
18 
155 
22 
16 
4 
89 

684" 


1!»05. 


Niitn- 
ber. 


5,536 

0,706 

51,284 

35,245 

125,180 
54,81 
57,892 
41,061 

11]  ,405 
47.018 
56,089 

176,348 
38.21 

311,185 

45,532 

31,963 

8,753 

178^965 

17382^96 


Per  100 

miles 

of  line. 


3 
24 
16 
58 
25 
27 
19 
51 
22 
26 
81 
18 
143 
21 
15 

4 
82 


637 


1W4. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per  100 

miles 

of  line. 


5,165 
5,375 

46,037 
34,918! 

120,002 
52,451 
55,004 
39,645 

106,734 
46,272 
53,646 

159,472 
37,609 

289,044 

46,262 

30,425 

7,495 

160,565 


1,296,121 


2 
3 
22 
16 
57 
25 
26 
19 
50 

MO 

25 
75 

18 

136 

22 

14 

3 

_76 

611 


1903. 


Num- 
ber. 

^4,842 
5,201 

42.218 
34,892 

120,724 
52,993 
56,041 
39,741 

104,885 
44,819 
56,407 

154,635 
37.101 

300,714 

49.961 

30,984 

7,949 

168,430 

1,312,537 


Per  100 

liiiles  j 

of  line.' 


2 

3 

21 

17 

59 
26 
27 
19 
51 
22 
27 
75 
18 
147 
24 
15 
4 
82 


639 


AVKRAGE 

Daii.v 
Compensation. 

Tu»«.|  1905.1  1904. 


11.81  1 

5.82 
2.24 
1.94 
1.69 
4.12 
2.42 
3  51 
2.35 
2.69 
2.28 
1.92 
1.80 
1.36 
1.80 
2.13 
2.10 
1.83 


1.74 '11.61 

6.02 1    6.07 


2.24 

1.93! 

1.71i 

4.12i 

2.381 

3.50 

2.31 

2.65 

2.25 

1.92 

1.79 

1.32 

1.79 

2.19 

2.17 

1.83 


2.22 
193 
1.69 
4.10 
2.35 
3.50 
2.27 
2.61 
2.26 
1.91 
1.78 
1.33 
1.77 
2.15 
2.17 
1.82 


jKafltoa^  ^ccitreuts  in  tije  enitetr  ^uttn. 

(From  Statistical  Report  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  ) 


Year  Ending  Junk  30. 


1897.. 
1898.. 
1899.. 
1900.. 
1901.. 
1902. 
1903.. 
1904  , 


1905.. 
1906.. 


E.MPLOVF.S. 


Kiile.i. 


Injured. 


1,693 
1,958 
2,210 
2,550 
2,675 
2,969 
3,606 
3,632 
b,361 
3,929 


27,667 
31,761 
34-.923 
39  643 
41.142 
50,524 
60,481 
67,067 
66,833 
76,701 


Passengkrs. 


Kiileil. 

222" 

221 

239 

249 

282 

345 

355 

441 

587 

359 


In  jnreil. 


m=  An^.o^^^^,'^  number  of   pa-ssenj^ers   carried    in    1906 
715.419.682  m  1904,  1694,891,535  in  1903,649,878,505  in  1902  607 
1899,501,066,681  in  1898,  and  489,445,198  in  1897  *''"^' «"' 


2,795 
2,945 
3,442 
4,128 
4,988 
6,683 
8,231 
9,111 
10,457 
10,764 


Otheu  Persons. 


Killeil. 


4,522 

4,680 
4,674 
5,066 
5,498 
5,274 
5,879 
5,973 
5,805 
6.330 


Idl'ured 


6,269 
6,176 
6,255 
6,549 
7,209 
7,455 
7,841 
:,977 
8,718 
10,241 


Total. 


Killed. 


6,437 
6,859 
7,123 
7,865 
8,455 
8,588 
9,840 

10.046 
9  703 

10,618 


Injured. 


36,731 
40,882 
44,620 
50,320 
53,339 
64,662 
76,553 
84,155 
86,008 
97,706 


was  79: 
,278,121 


',946,116,  as  a<?aiiist  7:]8,834,667   in  1905, 
in  1901,  576,831,251  in  1900,  523,176,508  in 


Kind  op  Accident. 


Coupling  or  uncoupling 

Collisions WW 

Derailments !..... ',"i.'.' 

Parting  of  trains !!!!!!!-'i.rV.*'.!!..!i 

Locomotives  or  cars  breaiiing  down! ! ........'.' 

Falling  from  trains,  locomotives,  orcars. .!..' 
Jumping  on  or  off  trains,  locomotives,  orcars. 
Struck  by  trains,  locomotives,  or  cars.... 

Overliead  obstructions., 
Other  cau.ses , 


* •  ••••••  ) 


Employ  K.S, 


I'otal 3-709 


Killed. 

"^98 

496 

291 

14 

24 

545 

213 

1.365 

91 

372 


Injured. 


3,884 

4,072 

2,130 

549 

344 

6,086 

5.613 

2,291 

1,127 

16. 866 


Passengers. 


Killed. 


95 
51 


53 

89 
54 

16 


358 


Injured. 


3.744 

2,309 

61 

11 

437 

1,529 

120 

2'3i2 


10,523 


42,96.:: 

rv.o  J^^rS..?^,"^^^'^^-  ^"^.  fifty-one  per.sons  were  killed  ancl  34,289  injured  in  handli 
macnineiy,  supplies,  etc.,  and  in  getting  on  or  off  locomotives  or  cars  at  rest  and  from 


Othkb  Pkssons. 


Killed.      Injured. 


67 

45 

6 

4 

375 

464 

5,073 

'266 


6.300 


567 
392 

42 

7 

770 

1.774 

4,785 


1,595 


9,932 


ng  traffic,  tools, 
other  causea 


MaflcoiTtr   (tXni^u. 


ri«^^^^i  1\,**- ^..^''."^^•tT'^''^"^^^  ^,9'^^"'  Secretary,  Co.x  7.  St.  Lambert,  Montreal,  Que. 
»Jf,^„'^^L^^/^.*^.l"'*^^^^?^'■/^^•■^^"^•^t,  Secretary,  62  Liberty  Street,  New  York  City 
Iowa  Jl'y  Club.-  \V.  B   Harrison,   Secretary,  Union  Station,  DesMbines.  Iowa. 
^VZ  v«j:i.  J'/  }t'  W'  V'"^-~^-  ^V  .Tanes   Secretary,  Back  Bay  Post-Office.  B.iston,  Mass. 
5}^^i^       i>,  '/.V  J^'V^T"^^'"'"'^  ^^-  Vought,  Secretary.  62  Liberty  Street.  New  York  City. 
v«whfJiLf*^»»*"'."^'»'^-  h  w'''?.'?^''^'  Secretary,  401  West  Superior  Street,  Duluth,  Minn. 
KrM»K«AV-v/i'"*'-7^-^n/i?''"''"''"L^^^'"<'f'^'">''  *'^«"  Line"  Shops,  Minneapolis,   Minn. 
It'y  Club  of  Pjttsburi<li.-J.  D.  Conway,  Sec'y,  General  Offices  P.  &  L.  E.  R.R.,  Pittsburgh.  Pa 
Pacific  Coast  It'yCub.-C.  C.  Borton.  Secretary,  West  Oakland.  Cal  °' 

i?Ifoi.'?/Vi'     ^^'^y-  '.IV^VT;^'-.  ^-  -S^^^l"-^"'  ^eCy,  Room  16,  8tli  A  Main  Streets,  Richmond,  Va. 
Jlocky  ■♦»»""t^J"  It'y  Cliib.-M.  M.  Currier,  Secretary,  Box  229,  Colorado  City,  Col. 
St.  I.puis  It'y  Cl»b.-B.  W.  Fiauenthal    Secretary,  Union  Station,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

«5^^  ^  ®*'"i?,"***M**i^'^**^**fx^*','A  ^'y  Cliib.-W.  A.Love,  Box  755,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Western  R>y  Claib.-Jos.  W.Taylor.  390 Old  Colony  Building,  Chicago,  111 


4S4 


Ttailr^Mid  t^jteeil. 


iiailvoatr  <Spcct(. 


NUTABLK  FAST  RUNS  OF  PASSENGER  TRAINS  FOR  LONG  DISTANCES. 


DaTK. 


Railroad. 


May, 
.July, 

Aug., 

Aug.. 

April, 

A  ug. , 

Sept., 

Sept., 

Feb. . 

April, 

.^ug., 

>rav. 

Mar., 

Aug. , 

Mar., 

Mav. 

July, 

April, 

.lulv, 

Nov., 

June, 

June, 

June, 

June, 

Julv, 

Oct., 


1848.1 

1885.1 

1888. 

1894. 

1895. 

1895.  : 

1895.  I 

1895. 

1897. 

1897. 

1897. 

1900. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903. 

1903. 

1904. 

1904. 

1904. 

1905. 

1905. 

1905. 

1905. 

190i.. 

1905.. 


Great  Western  (England) 

West  Shore 

IX)ndon,N.W.  &  Caledonian 

Plant  System.  Atlantic  Coast  Line 

Pennsylvania 

London  &  Northwestern 

New  York  Central  &  H.  K 

N.Y.Central  "World  Flyer" 

Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  — 
Lehigh Val. ,  Black  Diamond  Exp. 

TTnion  Pacific 

Burlington  Route 

Burlington  Route 

"20th  Century  Ltd.,"  on  L.  Shore 

Atlantic  Coa.st  Line 

"20th  Century  Ltd.,"  on  L.Shore 

Great  Western  (England) 

Michigan  Central 

Great  Western  (England) 

Pennsyl  van  ia 

Pennsylvania 

Lake  Shore  &  Mich.  Southern.... 

Pennsylvania 

New  York  Central    

Pennsvlvania 

Pittsburgh,  Ft.  Wavue  &  C 


Terminals. 


London— Didcot  

East  Buffalo— Frankfort 

Jjondon  — Edinburgh 

Jacksonville— Richmond 

Camden— Atlantic  City 

London— Aberdeen 

New  York— Buffalo 

A  Ibany— Syracuse 

Chicago— Denver 

Alpine.  N.  Y.— <ieneva  June,  N.  Y. 

North  Platte— Omaha 

Burlington— Chicago 

Eckley— Wray 

Keudallvil  le— Toledo 

Jacksonville— Savannah 

Toledo-Elkhart 

London— Plymouth 

Niagara  Falls— Windsor 

Paddi  ngton  —Bristol 

Crestline— Fort  Wayne 

Chicago— Pittsburgh 

Buffalo— Chicago 

New  York— Chicago 

Chicago— New  Y'ork 

Washington,  O.— Fort  Wayne 

Crestline,  O.— Clark  June,  Ind 


Dis- 
tance, 
Miles. 

53725 
201.7 
400 
661.5 

58.3 
540 
436.50 
148 
1,025 

43.96 
291 
205.8 

14.8 

91 
172 
13.'?.  4 
246 
225.66 
118.5 
131 
468 
525 
897 
96t! 

81 
267.4 


IXCLI'SIVI 


Time, 

H.  M. 

oTi?" 

4.00 

7.38 

12.  51 

0.45^ 

8.32 

6.47 

2.10 

18.52 

H.33 

4.39 

3.081^ 

0.9 

1.15 

2.32 

1..04 

.1.54 

3  IDi.  70 


Miles 

per 

Hour. 


68 
50. 

52. 

51. 

76. 

63. 

64. 

68. 

58. 

80 

63. 

65. 

98. 

72. 

70. 

70. 

6.3. 


52 


L24 

1..53 

7.20 

7.,o0 

16.3 

15.56 

1.4 

3.27 


84. 
69. 
63. 
169. 

1 66. 
60. 
|75. 
'74. 


4 

4 

48 

.00 

28* 

3;r 

3 

74 

49 

5; 

8 

7 
» 

\^ 

74 

6 

56 

5:^» 

69? 
07 

28; 

84 
55 


^Including  stops,    l^xcluding  stops. 


FASTEST  RECORDED  RUNS  FOR  SHORT  DISTANCES. 


Miles 

per 
Hour. 

112.0 

102 

108 

120 

109.35 

111.90 

115.20 

105 


Datx. 


May,  1893.. 
Aug.,  1895.. 
Jan.,  1899.. 
Mar.,  1901.. 
Jan.,  1903. 
April, 1904. 
July.  1904.. 
Oct.  ,  1904.. 


Railroad. 


N.  Y.  Central  &H.R. 

Pennsylvania 

Burlington  Route.... 

Plant  Svstem 

N.  Y.  Central  &  H 
Michigan  Central.... 
Phila.  &  Reading... 
N.  Y.  Central  &  H.  R 


R. 


Terminals. 


Crittenden— "Empire State  Exp.' ' 

Lando  ver— Anacosta  _ 

Siding— Arion 

Run  from  Fleming  to  Jacksonville. 

Palmy  ra—Macedon 

Crisman— Lake 

Egg  Harbor— Brigantine  Junction. 
Croton— Ossining 


Dis- 

t.siii'e. 

Miles. 

~1 

5.1 

2.4 

5 

7.29 

3.73 

4.8 

3.51 


Time, 
M.  S. 

3.00 
1.20 
2.30 
4.00 
2.00 
2..30 
2.00 


The  fastest  time  on  record  for  a  distance  of  over  440  miles  was  made  by  the  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Sonlherii  U.K.  from 
Biiff.ilo  to  Chicag:o,  in  June,  1905,  noted  'above.  The  fastest  lonsr-distance  run  less  than  440  miles  wa.s  on  the  Ni-w  York  Cenlr^il 
R.K.  September  11,1^9.5,  from  New  York  to  B\iffalo,  436  1-2  miles,  in  407  minutes  actual  time.  Averajre  speed,  64  1-3  miles  «u 
hour,  with  two  stops  and  28  slow-ups,  and  on  January  I,  1903,  from  Albany  to  BuflEalo,  30i  miles,  In  295  minutes. 

Among  the  fa.stest  regular  trains  in  the  United  States,  for  a  shorter  distance,  are  believed  to  be  the  New  York  Central  "  Empire 
State  Express,"  between  New  York  ."ind  Albany,  143  miles  in  160  minutes,  and  the  "Congressional  Limited."  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  which  makes  the  run  from  Jersey  City  to  Washington  in  4  hours,  46  minutes,  a  distance  of  227  miles. 

On  August  15,  1898,  on  P.  4  K.  and  C.  K.  R.  of  N.J.,  "Royal  Blue  Line,"  between  Elizabeth,  N.J. ,  and  Jenkintown,  a  dis- 
tance of  69  miles,  in  61  minutes,  including  2  "slow-ups,"  some  of  the  miles  being  traversed  in  38  seconds. 

The  quickest  run  between  Jersey  City  and  Washington,  231  miles,  was  made  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  March  2, 
l>'ii7  (bv  a  special  train,  bearing  Vice-President-elect  Hobart  and  party),  in  4  hours  8  minutes,  making  the  running  time,  including 
"slow.u|>s"  for  tiking  witer.  changing  enjines,  etc.,  60  miles  an  hour.  This  l)eat  the  time  of  the  "  Aunt  J.ack  "  train,  made  by  the 
M  .dis'in  Sijmre  Theitre  Company  March  10,  1890,  which  was  4  hours  18  minutes,  each  way,  goin?  and  returning. 

The  fast<nt  long-distance  foreign  trains,  including  all  stops,  are,  according  to  the  "Railroad  Gazette,"  as  follows  : 


ROUTK. 

Railways. 

From                To 

Miles. 

486 1<( 
39  oK 
401  V^ 

Time— 
Hrs.  Min. 

Stops. 

Inclusive  Speed 

in  Miles  per 

Hour. 

Su  1  Express... .  ..••.«.. 

Orleans  and  Midi 

Gt.  \.  and  N.  E.  Kallwavs 

I'arls 

London 

Bavonne.. .. 
Edinburgh.. 
Glasgow 

8  59 

7  45 

8  0<^ 

6 
3 
3 

54.13 

East  Coast ., 

50.77 

West   Coast 

L.  AX.W.and  Caledonian  Itys.  London 

60.18 

Of  lonsrjli«tanoe  nms  In  Fr'«nre  one  Is  made  on  thf  Northern  Railway  of  France  bv  the  Paris-Calais  express,  which  runs  185 
miles  In  184)<  minutes,  or  a  fraction  over  a  mil-"  a  minute,  allowing  for  a  stoppage  of  'IV,  minutes  at  Amiens. 

Other  notable  long-distance  fast  runs-  February  14-15,  18S7 — Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  C,  B.  and  Q.,  Jersey  City  to 
Denver,  1,937  miles,  in  48  hours;  average  speed,  40. .^  miles  per  hour.  August  29-31,  1891— Canadian  Pacific,  Vaucouver  to 
Brockville,  2,S02  miles,  in  '1  hours  9  minutes;   average  speed,  36.32  miles  ner  hour. 

The  Jarrett  .and  Palm-r  sp.-cial  theatrical  train,  Jersey  City  to  Oakland  (San  Francisco),  3,311  miles,  June,  1876,  83  hours 
46  minnteo;  average  <peed,  '9.5.'  miles  per  hour. 

In  October,  1905,  the  "Harriman  Special  "  made  the  run  from  O.akland  to  Jersey  CItv  n,239  miles)  In  73  hours,  12  minutes, 
or  44.30  miles  p«-r  hour.  In  May,  1906,  the  "  Harriman  Special  "  made  the  run  from  Oakland,  Cal.,  to  New  York  City  in  71 
hours.  27  minutes.  ^ 

The  "Scott  S:>e<:ial  "  left  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,. Tuly  9,  1905,  and  arrived  In  Chicago  (2,4)6.6  miles),  July  11,  having  made  the 
run  in  44  hours  54  minutes,  maintaining  an  average  speed  while  In  moti'in  of  51  miles  an  hnur. 

On  November  15,  190:.  at  Cla\  t  <n,  X.  J.,  In  a  trial  t-st  on  Penn-iylvania  U.  11.  between  8te.am  and  electric  locomotives,  the 
■team  engine  made  93.6  mllea  an  hour  on  a  specially,  built  Mvea-uiilo  CJM-Ted  track,  wlulo  the  vlectr^  locomuilva  mad*  but 
W  milM  aa  hoar,  .    / 


Bailroa^  ^vamt  of  tfjc  Wiovi^i. 


435 


C^UNTRIBS. 

Kiiroi>e  .... 
America 

Alrica 

Asia 

Australia 


Miles  of 

Riiilrusil. 


Cost  of  Koads  and 

Eqiiipmenu. 


Expenditures. 


33.000,(«)0 


Total 490.000  $38. 920. (XM). OOP '3,  .40.000.000  2.461, oOO. OOP  ■■g3.840r00().000  $2.427.5()0.0f)<) 

These  esti mates  are  lui  ~~ 

0(K),000,  or  ail  average  oi 


These  estimates  are  lur  19u0.      (.  o.sl  ol  rottds  aud  equipmeut.s  in  1906  was  estimated  at  «4.>  000  - 

$76,000  per  niile.  '        ' 


RAILROAD    MILEAGE 

Kollowiug  statistics  are  of   date  Jan.  1,  1906: 
2fi.).957  miles  ill  America,  192, o21  miles  in  J^^urope 
and  17,441  miles  iu  Australasia        '    " 
followed 
Kiiiirdom 


OF    THE    WORLD. 

Total   mileage,    562.780.    made  up  as  follous: 
50,593  miles  in  Asia.  16,538  miles  in  Africa, 


il  miles  lu  Australasia.    Of  the  mileage  of  Kuropeiin  railroad.s  (iermaiiv  stands  first  (34  669;' 

''^o'ci-V■'\^,^''•''.-.^\''?.t!ii^^^^''^■'*^^A  ^r.^"^*^  (28.43O),  Austria- Hungary  (24.261).  the  United 
1  (22,84/),  Italy  (10,070),  Spam  (9.190),  Sweden  (7.677>  and  Norwav  (2,931). 


2iailU)a$  imiUaQt  in  tijr  mniUti  States. 

(From  Statistical  Report  of  the  Intei-state  Commerce  Commi.ssion. ) 
Mii.KAGK  ON  June  :ii>,  190fi, 


STAIR  OB  Territory. 


Alabama 

Alaska  (See  foot  note) 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Cohimbia.  . 

Florida 

(Georgia 

Idalio 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Territoiy...... 

Iowa 

Kansa,s 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland , 

Massacluisetts...vi.....i 

Michigan 

Minnesota '..... 

Mississippi , 

Missouri 

Montana 

.V"nraska , 

\pvada 

V  Hampshire 


Oflicial. 

Unofficial. 

4,846.12 

124.50 

1,881.94 



4.525.03 

7.00 

6.617.27 

37.50 

4,904.30 

167.79 

1,017.72 

••>••• 

334.82 

29.12 

.80 

3,764.95 

28.50 

6,566.69 

95.25 

1,577.52 

12,087.43 

30.74 

7,186.99 

11.91 

2,708.96 

18.00 

9.912.03 

4.91 

8,881.18 

8,34 

3,423.42 

8.75 

4,301.09 

174.50 

2.037.03 

59,71 

1.461.21 

8.18 

2,114.21 

5.47 

8,900.43 

1.36 

8.145.54 

77,50 

3,932.48 

43.00 

8,064.49 

2.25 

3.290.18 

5.823.14 

U.OO 

1,439.47 

1,259.11 

Mileasre.    I 
4,970.62' 


1,881.94 
4.532.03 
6,654.77 


State  or  Tkrritoev. 


New  .Ierse3' 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North   Carolina..., 

;  North  Dakota 

5,072.09  I  Ohio 

1,017.72   Oklahoma 

334.82   Oregon 

29.92  i  Pennsylvania 

3,793.45  I  Rhode  Island 

6,661.94   South  Carolina  .... 

1,577.52  South  Dakota 

12.1i8.17i|Tenuessee 

7,19H.90i!  Texas 

2.726.96  I  Utah 

9,916.94  I  Vermont.:.. 

8,889.52'  Virginia 

3,432.17    Washing^ton 

4,475.59   West  Virginia... 

2,036.74    Wisconsin 

l,4f)9.39    Wyoming i. 

2.119.68:1 


MiLKAGB  ON  Junk  30,  1906. 


Official. 


••••••••«•• 


Ezcliides  miifage  (80.8fi)  in  Alaska  and"  Haw.aii. 


2,291.78 

2,795.6; 

8,428.92 

4,327.03 

3,761.24 

9.146.64 

2.789.53 

1,887.92 

11.157.02 

211.79 

3,215.78 

3,217.92 

3,698.42 

12,440..33 
1,775.33 
1,073.34 
4,000.89 
3.-536.66 
3.167.29 
7,249.20 
1,365.01 

8,901.78  Grand  total  in  U.  8.1906'  222,571  58 

8,223.04  iirand  total  in  U.  s.  ]9o5  217,017.68 

3,975.48  (Jrand  total  in  U.  S.  1904  -212,577  57 

8,066.74  Grand  total  in  U.  S.  Il«i3  207  186  84 

3.290.18  Grand  total  in  U.  S.  1902  201^672.83 

5,8.34.14  Grand  total  in  U.  S.  1901   196  075  071 

1.439.47  iGrand  t   tal  in  U.  S.  190it  192,940.67 

1,259.11  Grand  total  in  U.  s.  189{f  188  277  49 


Unofficial. 


5.50 


4.38 
82.00 


142.95 


10.00 
108. 50 1 


37.00 

"ii.wl 

54.461 

38.50 


86.  .30 

62.30' 

55.801 

163.001 


1,791.65 

1,083.36 

1,326.77 

790.38 

799.02 

1,162.37 

405.11 

1,017  17 


Tot.il 
Mile^ffp. 

"  24297. 28 
2,79.5.62 
8,433.30 
4,409  0:i 
3,761.24 
9,289  59 
2.789  53 
1  897.92 

11,265.52 

211.79 

3,252.78 

3.217.92 

3,712.42 

12,494.79 
1,813.8.^ 
1,07;!  34 
4.087.19 
3,598.  «6 
3,223  09 
7.412.20 
1,365.01 

"224.363.17 
218. 101. 0) 
213,9(14  34 
207,977  22 
202.471.85 
197.237.44 
193.345  78 
189.294.66 


NUMBER    OF    STOCKHOLDERS    IN    PRINCIPAL    RAILWAY    COMPANIES. 

The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  in  response  to  an  order  bv  the  Senate  com  oiled  in  1905  the 
first  olhcial  statement  showing  the  number  of  stockholders  in  each  railwav  coriiWnv  reporting  to  the 
l.'oOo'sSholdSrsweTe  fhesL'"''"^  "''^^  ^'^^^  ^"^  ^"^°"^  '^^  companies^sh6wiirg  mor^e  ?han 


Pi-nnsvlvania  44  175 

A.,  r.  &s.  F 17,523 

Ui!  on  Pacific 14,256 

N.  V.  Central  11,782 

-\.  V.    N.  H.  &  Hartford  10.842 

Sonihern  Railway 9,572 

Illinois  Central tM23 

Boston  &  Alb  nv 8,417 

B')ston  &  .Maine 7,402 

Baltimore  &  Ohio    7,132 

Chicago  (ireat  Western..    5,949 

C. .  M.  &Sr..  Paul 5,832 

Lehisrh  Valley 5,777 

Old  Colony 5  371 

K'ie 4,309 

Chicago  k  Northwestern.    4,109 
Delaware  &  Hudson. i...    3.819 

Cuited  New  .lei>ey 3.585 

Norfolk  &  Western 2,911 


Denver  &  Hio  Grande J  910 

Pitts.,  Ft.  Wayne  &  Chi 2,642 

Morris  &  Essex 2,450 

N.  Y.,  (Jnt.  &  Western.... 2,437 

Southern  Pacific 2,h24 

Concord  &  Montreal r.  .2,3.">6 

Boston  &  f.owell 2,168 

Northern  T^ailroad 2,068 

^'levelaud  &  Pittsburgh...  2,041 

Chicago  &  Alton 2,u39 

Pere  Marquette 1.984 

C,  C. .  C.  &St.  L 1965 

Mine  Hill  &  Schuylkill  H., 1.974 


Waba.sh 

INIissouri  Pacific 

liOUisville  &  Nashville. 
Boston  &  Providence... 
Lackawanna  


.1.974 
...l,8(a 
...1.672 
...1.654 
.•  .l.O  tO 


Cin. .   Hamilton  &  Day(on.l.oo8 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco..  1.521 

Hocking  Valley 1.503 

Missouri,  Kan.sas  &  Te.xas..  1,.J0:> 

Che.sapeake  &  Ohio 1 ,478 

Vermont  &  Massachust;tts.l,313 

Northern  Central 1,1   9 

North  Pennsvlvania 1,1'K) 

Rome.  Wat.  &  Ogd l.O'.U 

Huntingdon  &  Bd.  Top 1.072 

N.  Y. ,  L.  &  Western 1 ,070 

Rutland 1,068 

liittle  Miami l.tMU 

Chi.,  St.  P.,  M.  &0 1.045 

Utica.  C.  &S.  Ry l.0}2 

(Georgia  R.  R 1 .03S 

P.,  G.&  N 1.035 

Wheeling  &  Lake  Krie 1,004 


Mni'^  o  o,,^  o.'."'^4'A'i^?;?^?'''^'^^'"'^P']''^l'l?.'^5''  ^''^"  ^'*^^  liohlers  are  the  Atlantic  Coast  hine,  883; 
mo  t  v?i  ^rilu'iP^^r.^l'"?  ^%l^^''\-J^^''J'^^^  ^'''i''-  ^"^  Michigan  Southern.  603;  Central  Ver- 
WH=  printed  )  Central.  508.     (No  subsequent  data  on  this  Buljject  available  at  time  At.manac 


436 


Railroad  Commissions. 


BailtoaiJ  (Kommfssions. 

INTERSTATE    COMMERCE    COMMISSION. 

WASHINGTON^    D.    C 


Martin  A.  Knapp.  of  New  York,  Chairman 

Judson  C.  Clements,  of  Georgia. 

Charles  A.  Prouty,  of  Vermont.  . 

Francis  M.  Cockrell,  of  Missouri.      ,   .    ,,      , 

Edward  A.  Moseley,  Secretary. 


Franklio  K  Lane-Of  California. 
Edgar  E.  Clark,  of  Iowa. 
James  S.  Harlan,  of  lliiaols. 


STATE    RAILROAD 

Alabama    Railroad     Commission— Mont- 

Komery.     Cbas.  Heudei-son,  President,  Troy;  W. 
I),  ^■esbitt.  Birmingham  ;  J.  G.  Harris,  INIoutgom- 
ery;  S.  P.  Keniietiv,8ecretary,  Anniston. 

Arkansas  Railroad  Commission— Little 
Rock  .r  E.  riariipton.  Chairman;  K  P.Allen. 
J.  \V.  Crockett;  Win.  E.  Floyd,  Secretary. 

Calilornia  Railroad  Commission— A.  (-. 
Irwin,  President,  Marysville;  A.  M.  Wilson,  iSan 
Francisco;  Theo.  Sunimeriand,  Los  Angeles; 
Judson  C.  Briisie.  Secretary,  San  Francisco._ 

Colorado  State  Hoard  of  Equalization- 
R.  K.  J^ese,  Secretary,  Denver.  Col. 

Connecticut  Board  of  Railroad  Commis- 
sioners-Hartford. A.  F.  Gatos,  Chairman, 
Hartford;  William O.  Seymour,  Ridgefield;  G.  R. 
Fyler,  Torriugton;  Henry  F.  Billings,  Clerk, 
Hartford.  .     .  ,^  ,, 

Florida  Railroad  Commissioners— ralla- 
hassee.  K.  Hudson  Burr,  Chairman;  J.  L.  Mor- 
gan, White  Springs ;N. A.  Bliich;  Royal  C.Dunn, 

Secretary.  .     .  -n     -i^r 

Georgia  Railroad   Commission  —  H.    \\ . 

Hill,  Cliairman,  Greenville;  Joseph  F.  Brown, 
Marietta;  O.  B.  Stevens,  Cornelia;  Gea  F.  Mont- 
gomery. Secretary,  Marietta.  ..  _.  _  .  . 
Idaho  State  Boardof  Equal ization -Rob t. 
S  Bragaw. State  Auditor  and  Secretary,  Boise  City. 
Illinois  Railroad  and  Warehouse  Coui- 
mission-W.  H.  Boys,  Chairman,  Streator;  B. 
A.  Eckhart,  Chicago;  J.  A.  W  illoughby  Belle- 
ville; Wm.  Kilpatrick,  Secretary.  Springfield. 

Tndinna  Board  of  Railroad  Commis- 
sioners-Indianapolis. Vnion  B.  Hunt.  Lhair- 
man;  Wm.  .L   Wood,   C.  V.  McAdams;  Chas.  B. 

Ritev,  Secretary. .     . 

Iowa  Board  of  Railroad  Commissioners 
— Des  Moines.  N.  S.  Ketciium.  Chairman;  D. 
J  Palmer,  W.  L.  Eaton;  D.  X  Lewis,  Secretary. 
Kansas  Railroad  Commission -Topeka. 
G.  W.  Kanavei,  Cliairmaii;  C.  A.  Ryker,  F.  J. 
Rvan;  E.C.  Shiner,  Secretary.       ^     ^  ,-       i 

Kentucky  Railroad  Commission— Frank- 
fort C.  C.  McChord, Chairman,  Springfield;  McD. 
Ferguson.  Paducah;  -\.  T.  Siler,  Williamsburg; 
Moses  R.  Glenn,  Secretary,  Frankfort. 

I^ouisiana  Railroad  CJommission— Baton 
Rouse.  C.  Ti.  de  Fuentes,  Chairman,  New 
Orleans;  Overton  Cade,  Voungsville;  J.  J.  Mere- 
dith; W.  M.   Barrow,  Secretary. 

>Iaiiie  Railroad  l^oininissioncrs- Augusta. 
Joseph  B.  Peaks,  Chairman,  Dover;  Parker 
Snollord.  Bucksport;  B.  F.  Chadhourne,  Bidde- 
ford;  E.  C.  Farrington.  Clerk.  Augusta. 

.llaryland^State  Tax  Commissioner,  Bu- 
chanan Schley,  .Annapolis. 

>Inssachusetts  IJoard  of  Railroad  Com- 
missioners—Boston. James  F.  Jack.son,  Chair- 
man, Hrookline;  Clinton  White,  Melro.se;  Geortce 
W.  Bishop,  Newtdnville;  Charles  E.  Maun, 
Clerk.  Maiden.  .„,..,  , 

>Iicliijfan  Commissioner  of  Railroads- 
T-ansin?.  C.  L.  Glasgow;  L.  C.  Cramton,  Deputy 
Commissioner.  .     ,,.         . 

ninnesota  Railroad  and  Warehouse 
Commission-St.  Paul.  I  raB.  Mills,  Chairman  ; 
W.  E.  Voung.  C.  F.  Staples;  A.  C.  Clausen,  Sec- 

Uississipni   Railroad  Commission-Jack- 

so'n     S.  D.  McXair.  Pivsident;   R.  L.  Bradley,  J. 
<•.  Kincannon;  T.  R.  Maxwell.  Secretary. 

.Missouri  Uailroad  and  Ware»»oHse 
Coinmi>.sion-Jenerson  City  John  A  Knott, 
Chairman;  F.  A.  WigbtmaiJ,  RubeOgleshv/f.  >!• 

Br3cii>'!!"y.  ?3^cretary. 


COMMISSIONERS. 

Montana  Railroad  Commission— Helena. 

B.T.  Stanton,  (  hairman ;  N.  tiodlrey.  E.  A.Mor- 
ley;  H.  K.  Howey,  Secretary. 

Nebraska  State  Board  of  Equalization- 
Lincoln. 
Nevada-Secretary  of  State,  Carson  City. 
New   llaui|>shire    Railroad  Co'u mission 
—Concord.      Henrv  31.  Putney,  Chairman,  IMau- 
chester;  Arthur  G.  Whittemore,  Clerk.  Dover. 

Ne^v  Jersev  Railroad  Commission— J. 
W.  Cdngdon,  Paterson;  Edmund  Wilson,  Red 
Bank;  B.  D.  Whilnig, Orange. 

New  York  Publiti  Service  Commission- 
First  District— ((Greater  New  York)  New  ^  ork 
City— Wm.  R  Willcox,  Chairman;  Wm.  McCar- 
roli,  Edward  ]M.  Ba.sseti,  Milo  R.  Maltbie,  John 
E.  Eustis.  Second  District— (all  of  State  outside 
Greater  New  York)  Albany,  N.  Y.  Frank  W. 
Stevens,  Chairman;  Cluus.  H.  Keep,  Thos.  M.  Os- 
borne, James  E.  Sagne,  Martin  S.  Decker. 

North  Carolina  Corporation  Commis- 
sion-Raleigh. Franklin  iMcNeill,  Chairman; 
.Sara.  L.  Rogers,  E.  C.  Bedingtield;  H.  C.  Brown, 
Secretary. 

North  Dakota  Commissioners  of  Rail- 
roads-Bismarck. C.  S.  Deisem,  Chairman, 
La  Moure  ;E.  A.  Stafhe,  Galchult;  S.  We.stby, 
Rugby;  C.  C.  Hammond,  Secretary.  Ashley. 

Ohio  Railroad  iJoinmissiou-Columbus.  .L 
C.  Morris,  Chairman;  O.  H.  Hughes, O.  P  Gothlm; 
H.  D.  Maningtou,  Secretary,  Columbus.        . 

Oregon  Railroad  Commission— Abolished 
by  the  Legislature,  October,  1898. 

Pennsvlvaiiia  Department  of  Internal 
Afrairs-Harrisl)urg.  Isaac  B.  Brown,  Secre- 
tary; Theo.  B.  Klein,  Sup' tBuivjni  of  Railways. 
Rhode  Islaiijd  Railroad  Commissiom^r— 
Providence.  J.  P.  Buriiugame;  D.  J.  White, 
Uepnty.  .     . 

South  Carolina  Railroad  Commission- 
ers—B  L.  Caughman,  Chairman,  Columbia;.!. 
H  Earle,  Greenville;  J.  M.  Sullivan,  Anderson; 
E.  P.  Waring,  Jr.,  Secretary,  Columbia. 

South   Dakota  Railroad  Commissioners 
—Sioux    Falls.    T>    H.  Smitii,  Chairman.  Miller; 
W    G.  Smith,  Sturgis;  George   Rice.    Flandreau; 
Wm.  H.  Stanley.  Secretaiy,  Sioux  Falls. 

Tennessee  Railroad  Commissioners  — 
Nashville.  B.  A.  Enloe.  Chairman;  Frank  A  vent, 
H,  H.  Hannah;  Chas.  H.  Love,  Secretary. 

Texas  Railroad  Commission  -  -Wftin. 
Allison  May  field.  Chairman:  O.  B.  Colquitt,  L. 
J.  Storey;  E.  li.  McLean,  Secretary. 

Vermont  State  Railroad  Coiamissipners 
— .L  W.  Redmond,  Chairman,  Newport;  Eli  H. 
porter,  Wilmington;  S.  H.  Jackson,  Barre;  K. 
W. Spear,  Clerk,  Newport. 

Tir^rinia  State  Corporation  Commission 
-Richmond.  Robert  R.Prentis,  Chairman.  Hich- 
mond;  Henry  C-  Stuart,  J.  E.  Willard;  R.  r.  W  il- 
son,  Clerk.  . ,-       ,  .7.  ■ 

Washin^ton-H;  Ai-  Faircbild,  Chairman, 
Oiym|)ia;  J.  C.  Lawrence,  Olj'mpia;  J.  ^5.  Jones, 
Oiympia.  ^.      ,     i 

West  Virj^inia-State  Auditor,  Charleston. 

Wisconsin     Railroad     Commissioners- 

:\[adison.    B.  H.  Mever,  Halford  Erick.son,  J.   H. 
Pvoemer;   John  M.NVinterbotham,  Secretary. 
\Vvoniing     Beard      of     Eqiialization  - 

Cheyenne.     Ed v.ard  tliHette.  President;  Wm.  R, 

?5cliuit.ger ;  T^e  Ryy  uraiit,  SecreU^ry. 


Railvmys  of  America  "  (rroupinV  hy   Capitalists.  437 

Haflroatr  3Hquipmciit» 

WEIGHT  AND  HORSE  POWER  OP  DIFFERENT  TYPES  OF  LOCOMOTIVES   INCLUDING 

THE  MODERN    ELECTRIC  TRACTOR,  AND  ALSO  THE  WEIGHT,  SIZE  AND  COST 

OF  FREIGHT  CARS,  ORDINARY  COACHES,  PARLOR  A^^B  SLEEPING  CAR& 

RECENT    HEAVY    LOCOMOTIVES. 


Tyf«. 


Mallet  Comp Erie 

Mallet  Comp.... Gt.  Nor. 

SantaFe P.  S.  &N 

Decapod B.  R.  &P 

Consolidation B.  &  L.  E 

Mogul Vaiidalia » 

10- Wheel  Switch....  L.  S.  &M.  S.  ... 

Pacific Peniia.  L.  W 

Prairie A.  T.  &  S.  F.  

Atlantic 'U.P 

10- Wheel jP.L.  &  W 

American C.  R.  R.  ofN.  .1. 


Road. 


Total 

Weight. 

(Pounds.) 


410,000 
355,000 
288,000 
275,000 
250,300 
187,000 
270.000 
269,200 
248,200 
209,000 
201,000 
16 1 , 300 


Weight  on 

Diameter 

Driveis. 

of  Drivers. 

(PoiinJs.) 

(Inches.) 

410.000 

51 

316,000 

65 

235,000 

57 

248,000 

52 

225,200 

54 

159.300 

63 

270.000 

52 

173.550 

80 

174,700 

69 

110.000 

81 

154.000 

69 

111.300 

(9 

IKati^  g 
Surface. 
(Sq.  Ft.) 


6,108 
5,703 


/96 
536 
805 
935 
620 
427 
4.020 
2, 655 
3, 378 
2.006 


Size  "f 
Cjlitiders. 
( Inches.) 


25  &  39.''.28 

21>6  &  33x32 

28x32 

24x28 

24x32 

21.X28 

24x28 

24x26 

17M  &  29.x  28 

16  <fe  27x28 

213^x26 

19x26 


Tract  iTe 

Eff'Tt.    . 

( Pounds.) 

"987000 
71.600 
60, 000 
55,350 
63,800 
31.3G0 
55,300 
31,000 
37,800 
24,281 
35,100 
23,120 


The  Erie  Mallet  Compound,  particnlai-s  of  which  are  ^iven  in  the  first  line  of  the  table,  is  the 
largest  and  most  powerful  locomotive  ever  built.  If  worked  toits  full  capacity  it  could  haul  a  train 
of'z251oaded  freiijht  cars  of  50  tons  capacity  each  on  a  level  track  at  15  miles  an  hour.  Such  a  train 
would  bel%  miles  louET,  and  the  ensiue  would  be  exerting  4,000  horse  power.  The  Pacific  type  loco- 
motive for  the  Pennsylvania  Lines  West  is  t'le  heaviest  passenjror  locomotive  ever  built,  and  is 
capable  of  hauling  15  passenger  cars  at  60  miles  au  hour  ou  level  track,  at  which  speed  it  would 
have  to  e.vert  nearly  5, 000  horse  power. 

HEAVY    ELECTRIC    LOCOMOTIVES. 


ECAD, 

^Veighl  on  Drivers. 
(Poumls.) 

Dia.  of  Drivers. 
(Inches.) 

Typt.* 

Itaied 
11or-;e  Powr. 

B.  &  O 

160, 000 
1  .7,000 

180, 000 
175,100 
]  9.">,  200 

42 
44 
62 
56 
56 

]).  C. 
D.  C. 
A.  C.-l).  C. 
IX  C. 
D.  C. 

1.20O 

N    Y.  C 

2  200 

N.  Y'.,  N.  H.  &  H '. '.. 

1.000 

P.  R.  R.  Xo.l 

P.  R.  H.  No.  2 

1,400 
1,240 

*  D.C.  signifies  direct  current, taken  from  third  rail, 
from  overhead  trollev. 


A.  C.  signifies  alternating  current,  taken 


COST    OF   LOCOMOTIVES. 


Type. 

i'-.U'*  f 

Mogul , ' . . 

Consolidation 

Mallet  Compound 

Atlantic 

Pacific >!... 

Ten  Wheel 

..v.'i. ....:'. 

Service. 


Freight. 

Freight. 

Freight. 

Pass. 

Pass. 

Pass. 


Average  Weight. 
( Pounds. ) 


160,000 
200,000 
350.000 
185,000 
225,0.  0 
170.0(J0 


Cost. 


.i-13,400 
16.500 
27,400 
17,000 
18,700 
15,800 


The  average  cost  of  locomotives  in  1907  was  about  8. 2  cents  per  pound. 

WEIGHT  AND  COST  OF  CARS. 


TVPK, 

Weight. 

Capacity. 

Lengili. 

rin 

Width.               Height. 
-ide  Dimensions.) 

Wood  Box 

37,000  Ib.s. 

42.000  lbs. 

32, 000  lbs. 

85,000  lbs. 
105.000  lbs. 
115.000  lbs. 

80.000  lbs. 
100.000  lbs 
80.000  lbs. 

68  Pa.ss. 

34  Pass. 

27  B-^rths^. 

36  ft. 
31  ft. 
41  ft. 
60  ft. 
70  ft. 
72  ft.  6  in. 

8  ft.     6  ill. 

9  ft.    4  in. 
9  ft.    2in. 
8  ft.  10  in. 
8  ft.     6  ill. 
8  ft.    6  in. 

8  ft. 

Steel  C<3al 

7  ft,  6  in. 

Flat 

Day  Coach 

Parlor  Car 

Sleeping  Car 

9  ft.  1  in. 
9  ft.  4  in. 
9  ft. 6  in. 

Cost. 


$1.1(K) 

1,200 

950 

9,00) 

15.50O 

19,fX)0 


Bailtoags  of  .America  '*a5^rou|)ctr''  iJ5  (Capitalists, 

The  great  railroad  s.vstems  of  the  United  States  have  been  reduced  to  a  few  "groups"  by  means 
of  consolidation  and  reconsolidation.  Tlie  following  is  a  list  of  these  groups,  which  comprise  thn-e- 
quartersof  all  the  railroad  lines  of  the  conntr}': 


Geoups. 

Mileage. 

stocks. 

Bonds. 

Vanderbilt 

23,416 
In,  229 
27,213 
12,147 
12.241 
20,316 
27,000 
15,200 
10,817 
26,213 

187,79a 

$609,288,<:0O 
758.226,000 
903,649,000 
372,800.000 
548,003,000 
523,170,000 
356,000,000 
■    244,833,000 
140,300,000 
520,000.000 

$743,350.(.0O 

Pennsylvania 

5.59, 312,  ODO 

Harriman 

1,'J20.510,0<K> 

Hill- Morgan 

410,729,000 

Morofan 

525, 706. 00' » 

Gould 

ZSIoore'  s 

797,615,0(i0 
470,500,000 

Rockefeller 

299.315,000 

Walters' 

190,000,000 

Tudependent ,.,.,..., , ,.., 

450,210,000 

■*Q^I».»«f  •  »..«?««««».»»|i«.5|.-^..j5  3»e.e»t»fl.«.flap^.*^,....... 

^4,?76.869,0W 

so,66T.aiT,()()g 

438 


jFlctt  of  ^ranscttlantfc  H^auuaxQtt  ^tctimtrs* 


Includes  only  rfpiUar  pa.i>ienger  lines  from  New   York 

Steamships. 

Blilt. 

Builders. 

ttroRS 
Tonnage. 

IDflicateil 
Horse 
Power. 

r>iMKNsioNS  IN  Fret. 

Year.  |           "Place. 

Lsiij^tU.  1  Ureatlth  |  Depth. 

New  York,  Plymouth,  Ohkrbourg  and) 
SouTHAMPTON,Pier  foot  Fulton  St.,  N.  R.  / 


St.  Louis 

St.  Paul 

Philadelphia. 
New  York 


1895 
1895 
1901 

1888 


Philadelphia 
Philadelphia 

Belfast 

Glasgow 


AMERICAN  LINK. 
(Ortice,  9  Broadway._)_ 

11629 
11829 
10786 
10798 


ESTABLISHEJ)  189'2. 


Wn\.  Cramp  &  Sons. 
Wm.  Cramp  &  Sous. 
Uarland&  Wolff.... 
J.<fe  G.  Thomson.... 


20000 

20(100 
20000 
20U0U 


654 

63 

5.54 

63 

560 

63.3 

560 

63.3 

42 
42 
42 
42 


Nkw   York    and 
foot  W.  '24th  St. 

Glasgow,  Pier) 

ANCHOR  LINK. 
(Office,  17  Broadway. 

) 

KSTABLISHF.D  1862. 

Furiiessia 

1880 
1884 
1901 
1904 
1907 

Jiarrow Harrow  ts.  B.  (;o 

5495 
5200 
8900 
9400 
9000 

445 

440 
503 
515 

485 

45 

46 
56 
58 
58 

35 

Astoria      

Dumbarton.. 

Glasgow 

Glasgow..   ... 
Glasgow 

Dennv  Bros 

35 

Columbia 

D.  &  W.Henderson... 
D.  &  W.  Heuder.son . . . 
D.  &  W.  Henderson  . . 

Caledonia .' 

36  6 

California 

36^3 

New    York    ani>    London, 
foot  W.  Hou-ston  St. 


Pier  1  ATLANTIC  TRANSPORT   LINK. 
/ i^Ollice.  9  Broadway.) 


Mesaba 

Minneapolis. 
Minnehalia. . 
Minnetonlia. 


1898 
1900 
1900 
1902 


Belfast Harlaud  &  Wolff. 

Belfast, iHarlaiid  &  Wolff. 

Belfast ..iKarland  &  Wolff'. 

Belfast iHarland  A-  Wolff. 


6833 
134((1 
1S403 
13^398 


1224 
1227 
1227 


KSTABLISHED  1892. 

3L6 
43.3 
43.3 
43.3 


482.1 

52.2 

600.7 

65.5 

600.7 

65.5 

600.7 

65.5 

New    York,  Qiteen.itowx,   and)         CUNARD   LINPl 
Liverpool,  Pier  foot  .lane  SL         /(Office, 21  state  .Street.") 

KstablishBd  1840. 

C^atiinania 

1892 
1892 

1885 
1884 
1906 
1906 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Newcastle. .. 
Glasgow 

Fairfiel'I  Co 

13000 
13000 
8200 
8200 
32500 
32500 

3(000 
KnOOO 
14500 
14500 
70000 
70000 

620 

620 

601.6 

501.6 

790 

790 

65.3 

65.3 

67.2 

57.2 

88 

88 

43 

Lucania 

Ktruria 

Fairfield  Co 

John  Elder  &  Co 

John  Elder  &  Co 

Swan  &  Hnnter 

J.Brown  &  Co 

43 

38.2 

Umbria 

Manreta.ila 

Lusitania 

38.2 
W).6 
60.6 

New    York.      Mediterranean-)  CUNARD  LINE. 

Adrtatic  .skrvk'e.  Pier  ft.  Jane  St.  /  (Office, 21  State  Street.) 


Established  1904. 


Carpathia.. 
Slavoiiia  .. 
Pannonia.. 
Ultonia  .... 

Caronia 

Carmania.. 


1903 
1904 
1904 
1898 
1905 
1905 


Newcastle  ..iSwan  &  Hunter. 

(iiasgow J.Brown  &  Co... 

Glasgow J.Brown  &  ('o... 

Newcastle  ..Swan  &  Hunter, 

Glasgow J.Brown  &  Co.,.. 

Gla>gow tj.  Brown  &  Co..  . 


13564 
10600 
I00t»0 
10200' 
20000 
20000 


21(K)0 
21000 


540 

64.5 

526 

59 

501 

59 

500 

57.4 

676 

72.6 

676 

72.6    ! 

33 

35 

.38.1 

44.9 

44.9 


New    York    and 
foot  Morton  St. 


Havre,     Pier! 


FRP:NCH  LINE 
(Office,  19  State  Street.) 


Established  1860, 


La  Touraiue. 
Jja  Gascogne. 
La  Bretagne. 
La  Lorraine. 

La  Savoie 

La  Provence. 
La  Chicago.. 


1890 
1886 
1886 
1899 
1900 
1904 
1907 


St.   Nazaire. 

ronlou 

St.  Nazaire. 

Nazaire. 

Nazaire. 

Nazaire. 

Nazaire., 


St, 
St. 
St. 
St. 


CieGleT 
Soc.  des 
CieGleT 
CieGleT 
CieGleT 
CieGleT 
CieGleT 


ransatlaMlique 
Forges,  etc. ... 
ransatlantiqup 
ransatlantique 
ransatlaiuique 
ransatlantique 
ransatlantique 


9778 
7416 
7010 
15000 
l.VJOO 
18400 
12000 


12000 
9O00 
9(K)0 
22000 
22000 
30000 
9500 


536 

65 

508 

52 

508 

51 

580 

60 

580 

60 

624 

66 

. .  ^ 

38 
38 
38 
40 
40 
42 


New 

ampto 
Nap 
foot  1st  .St 


York,  Ply.moi'th.  Cherboitro,  South-  ^  HAMBURG- AMERICAN 

ton,  BoiTLOGNE,  Hamburg  .Gibraltar,  I,  LINE 

les,    GENOA,    AND   ALEXANDRIA,  Pier  |  (Office,  37  and  41  Broadway.) 


P2STABLISHED  1847. 


Hoboken. 


Deutgchland 

Pennsylvania,... 

Pretoria 

Graf  Waldersee.. 

Patricia 

Bulgaria , .. 

Batavia 

Moltke 

Bluclier 

Hamburg 

Amerika 

Kaiserin     Auguste 

Victoria 

President  Lincoln. 
President  Grant... 
Europa(t)nil<liii:.0. 


1900 
1896 
1898 
1899 
1897 
1898 
18<t9 
1902 
1901 
1900 
1905 

1906 
1907 
1907 


Stettin 

iBelfast 

j  Hamburg — 

[Hamburg.   .. 

iStettin 

Hamburg 

Hamburg 

Hamburg 

Hamburg 

Stettin 

Belfast 


Stettin. 


Vulcan  S.  B.  Co.  . 
Harlaud  &  \Vo1flf. 
Blolmi  &  Voss — 
Blohm  &  Voss  ... 
Vukan  S.  B.  Co.  . 
Blohm  &  Voss... 
Blohra  &  Voss.... 
Blohm  &  Voss — 
Blohm  ct  Voss  . . . 
Vulcan  S.  B.  Co.  . 
Harlan d  &  Wolff. 


Vulcan  S.E.  Co.  .. 

Belfa.st Harland&  Wolff.. 

Belfast Harland  &  WoilV. 

Belfast Harlaud  &  WoUT., 


16502 
133;-J3 
13234 

i;;i93 

13273 
11077 
11464 
123.35 
12334 
10.532 
22225 

24581 
18100 
18100 
2970O 


3T81K) 
55(10 
5400 
5000 
60'.J0 
4000 
4000 
9^)00 
9500 
9000 

15500 

17500 
7500 
7500 


686.6 

67 

557.6 

6'J 

560 

62 

560 

62 

560 

62 

501.6 

62.2 

601 

62.2 

525 

62 

52.=).  6 

63.3 

498 

60.5 

690 

74 

700 

77 

615 

68.1 

615 

68 

711.9 

80 

44 
41 

41 
41 
41 

34.6 

34.6 

.'^9 

35.6 

38 

53 

54 
52 
52 
.54.2 


New  York,  Boulogne,  and  Rot-)  HOLLAND- AMERICA   LINF 

teri>am.  Piers  foot  5th  and  6th  -NETHERLANDS-AMERI 


Sts. 

Statendam 
Potsdam  .. 
Ryndam.  . 
Noordani.. 


HioV>oken. 


i 


(oiru-p. 


CAN  LINE. 
39  Broadway.) 


Established  1874. 


New  Amsterdam. 
R'jlterdam  (bidg. 


1898 
1899 
1901 
1902 
1905 
1908 


Belfast Harlaud  &  Wolff,. 

Ilamlmrg (Blohm  &  Voss 

Belfa.st.. .....IHarland  &  Wolff.. 


Belfast. 
Belfast. 
Belfast. 


Harland  &  Wolff. 
Harland  &  Wolff. 
Harland  &  Wolff. 


10490 

530 

60 

42.6 

12606 

570 

62 

43.6 

12540 

.... 

570 

62 

43.6 

12.'.40 

570 

62 

43.6 

17250 

. , ,  • 

615 

6"'^ 

48 

24170 

.  ■ , . 

668 

77 

48 

Ji^leet  of  TransaUanllc  Passenger  ^Steamtrs. 


439 


FLEET  OF  TRAxNSATLANTIC  PASSENGER  STEAMERS— Co»/m?ied. 


Lengtli.  I  Breadth.  |  Depth. 


New  York,  Plymouth,  Cherbourg.^ 
SouTHAxMPTox,  Bremkn,  Pier  foot  ^ 
2d  St..  Hobokeu,  N.  J.  I 


NORTH  GERMAN  LLOYD. 
(Office,  5  Broadway.) 


Established  1857. 


Kaiser  Wilhelm 
der  Grosse 

Friedrioh  d.  Gros.se 

Bremen 

Grosser  Kurfiirst 

Kliein 

Mai  u 

Priiiz  Fr. Wilhelm. 

Kronprinz  Wil- 
helm  

Kaiser  Wilbelm  II. 

Prinzess  Alice 

Krou  p  riuzessin 
Cecilie 

Washington  (bldy) 


1897 

189ti. 

1896 

1900 

1899 

1900 

1908 

1901 
1903 
1904 

1907 


Stettin 

Stettin 

Danzig 

Danzig 

Hamburg 

Hamburg 

Geestemiiude 


Stettin. 
Stettin. 
Stettin. 


Vulcan  S.  B.  Co... 
Vulcan  S.  B.  Go... 

F.  Schichau 

F.  Schichau 

Blohni  &  Voss 

Blohm  &Voss 

J.  C.  Tecklenborg. 


Vulcan S.  B.  Co. 
Vulcan  S.  B.  Co . 
Vulcan  S.  B.  Co. 


Stettin. Vulcan  S.  B.  Co... 

Geestemitnde  J.  C.  Tecklenborg. 


14*!9 

280(10 

649 

66 

10568 

7:i,.0 

546 

60 

11570 

8000 

569 

60 

131»2 

9700 

582 

65 

10058 

5500 

620 

68 

10067 

5500 

520 

68 

17000 

14000 

... 

■• 

14908 

35000 

663 

66 

19500 

40000 

707 

72 

10911 

9000 

524 

60 

20000 

40000 

707 

72 

27000 

20000 

61'i 

68 

43 
35 
35 
39 
4U 
4U 


43 

44. 

35 

52. 
42 


New  York,  Gibraltar,  Naples,  ;    TsrHTfTFr  m^w^r  a  nt  t  t  nvr» 
A.VD  Genoa,  Pier  foot  2d  Street,  [    ^^^.offioP^  RmX  4v^ 
Hoboken,N.J.  )  (Office,  5  Broad w a j.) 


E.STABLISHED  1892. 


Prinzess  Irene 

1900 

Stettin 

Vulcan  S.  B.  Co 

10881 

9000 

525 

60 

38 

Konigin  Luise 

1896 

Stettin 

Vulcan  S.  B.  Co 

10711 

7000 

544 

60 

36 

Konlg  Albert 

1899 

Stettin 

Vulcan  S.  B.  Co 

10643 

9000 

525 

60 

38 

Barbaros.sa 

1896 

Hamburg — 

Blohm  &  Voss 

10915 

VOOO 

546 

6U 

35 

New  York   and  Antwerp,  Pier) 
foot  Fulton  St ,  N.  R.  / 


RED  STAR  LINE. 
(Office,  9  Broadway.) 


Vaderland_ 

Zeelaud 

Finland  .  .. 
Kroonland 
Samland  ... 


1900 
1901 
1902 
1902 
1903 


Glasgow   I  John  Brown  &  Co 

Glasgow John  Brown  &  Co 

Philadelphia  j  Wm.  Cramp  &  Sons. . . 
Philadelphia!  Wm.  Cramp  &  Sons. . . 
Camden 'N.  Y.ShipbuildingCo. 


)11899 

11905 

12000 

12000 

9710 


New  York, 
Christia 
Pier  foot 


120O0 
12000 
10400 
10400 


^nia!^''copex«aoen:  V^^^^^^?4YI^^R-^^^.™^:^^  ^^^^ 

17th  street.  Hoboken.)  KOQ^ce,  1  Broadway.  > 


Established  1873. 


580 

60 

580 

60 

680 

60 

680 

60 

490 

68 

42 
42 
42 
42 
31 


Established  1879. 


C.  F.  Tietgen. 

Oscar  II 

Hellig  Olav... 
United  States. 


1897 
1901 
1902 
1903 


Belfast iHarland  &  Wolff. 

Glasgow Stephen  &  Son 

Gla.sgow Stephen  &  Son 

Glasgow iStephen  &  Sou 


8500 

5500 

485 

53 

42 

10000 

8U0O 

515 

68 

42 

10000 

8000 

615 

58 

42 

10000 

80ii0 

615 

58 

42 

New  York.Qi.teenstow'n,  Liver-') 
pooT.    Plymouth,    Cherbourg,  ( 


POOL, 

AND  Southampton,  Pier  foot  W. . 
11th  St.  J 


WHITE   STAR  LINE. 
(Office,  9  Broadway.) 


Established  1870. 


Teutonic 

1889 
1890 
1899 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1907 

Belfast 

Belfast 

Belfa.st 

Belfast 

Belfast 

Belfast 

Belfa-st 

Belfast 

Harland  &  Wolff 

Harland  <fe  Wolff 

Harland  &  Wolff 

Harland  it  Wolff 

Harland  &  Wolff 

Harland  &  Wolff 

Harland  &  Wolff 

Harland  &  Wolff 

9984 
9965 
17274 
20904 
21400 
15865 
23876 
24541 

16000 
16000 
27000 
13000 
13000 

13000 
40000 

685 
585 
704 
700 
700 
600 
726 
726 

67 
67 
68 
76 
75 
65 
75 
75.6 

42 

Majestic 

42 

Oceanic 

49 

Celtic 

Cedric 

49 

49 

Arabic 

44 

Baltic 

Adriatic 

49 
52 

Steamship. 

Mauretania , 
Lusitanla... 

Caronia 

Carman  i  a... 
Campania . . 
tTmbria 


DISPLACEMENT    (TONS)    OF    SOME    OCEAN    LINERS. 


CUXARD  LINE. 


Displacement 
(T..ns> 


NORTH  GERMAN  LLOYD. 

Kaiser  Wilhelm  II 

Kaiser  Wilhelm  der  Grosse 


WHITE  STAR  LINE. 


Steamship. 


26.000 
20,800 


Baltic 

Cedric... 

Celtic..., 

Ocpanic, 

Majestic. 

Teutonic 


Displacement 
( Ton§). 


45.(KK)  1  Adriatic 40,790 

45,000     "   "  - 

30,000 

30,000 

18,000 

10,500 


40.740 
38,020 
37,870 
31.590 
17,800 
17,800 


HAMBURG- AMERICAN  LINE. 

Kaiserin  Aug.  Victoria 43,000 

Amerika 42,000 

Deutschlaud 23,600 


440 


Mouse  Flags  of   Transatlantic  JLiners. 


jfastrst  Atlantic  (J^cran  J^assaflcs. 


EviUf. 


Stcaimr. 


Line. 

Queenstowu  to  New  York . . .  Lusitania Cuiiard. . 

Queeustown  to  New  York.  ..Lucania Cuuard.. 

New  York  to  Queeiistown. . . Lusitania C'unanl.. 

New  York  to  Queenstowu... Lucauia. Cunard.. 

Cherbourg  to  New  York Deutschland Hamburg-Am 


D'tfe.  D. 

..Nov.  3-8,  1907 4 

..Oct.  21-26.  1894 6 

..Nov.  16- '21, 1907....    4 

.  Sept.  8-14.  1894 5 

Sept.  2-8, 1903 5 


H. 

31. 

18 

40 

7 

23 

22 

43 

8 

38 

11 

54 

20 

17 

8 

1 

12 

3 

45 

16 

7 

38 

15 

46 

16 

44 

Soutliamnton  to  New  York.  .KaiserWilb.  d.  Gr'se.  .No.  c^erni.  Lloj'd  .Mar.  30- Apr.  5,1898.  5 

New  YorK  to  Soutliampton.  .KaiserWilb. d.Gr'se.. No.  Germ.  Lloyd. Nov.  23-29,  1897 —  5 

Havre  10  New  York La  Provence French Sept.     7-13. 1907....  6 

New  York  lo  Havre La  Provence French May  3-9,  1906 6 

New  York  to  Cherbourg Kaiser  Wilh. d.Gr'se.  No.  Germ. Lloyd.  Jan.  4-10,1900 5 

New  York  to  Plymouth Deutschland Hamburg- Am.  ..Sept.  5-10, 1900 5 

Plvmouthto  Xew  York Deutschland Hamburg-Am.  ..July  7-12,1900 5 

New  York  to  Naples  Deutschlaud Hamburg-Am.  ..  Jan.  20-28,  1904....  7 

Approximate  Distances:  Sandy  Hook  (Lightship),  New  York,  to  Queenstown  (Roche's  Point), 
2,8(X)  miles;  to  Plvmouth(Eddvstone),  2.962  miles;  to  Southampton  (The  Needles),  3,100  miles;  to 
Havre,  3.170  mile.s:  to  Cherbourg  (The  :Mole).  3,184  knots.  The  fastest  day's  run  was  made  by  the 
Mauretauia,  of  the  Cunard  line,  November,  1907— 624  knots,  or  25.83  miles  per  hour. 

1905  record.  —Allen  line's  turbine  Steamer  Virginian  passed  Cape  Race  June  13,  11  a.  m..  Inward 
bound ,  having  left  Moville  ou  the  afternoon  of  June  9,  thus  crossing  in  less  than  four  days. 

Steaniship  development  as  shown  in  the  relativs  proportions,  speed,  etc.,  of  the  Great  Eastern 
and  Mauretauia: 


Great  Eastern 

Length 692  ft. 

Breadth 80  ft. 

Displacement 27, 000  tons. 

Paddle,  Screw  and  Sail:  Speed  — 13  to  14  knots. 


Mauretauia 

Length 790  ft. 

Breadth 88  ft. 

Displacement 45, 000  tons. 

Quadruple  Screws 27>^  knots  (trial  speed). 


THE  RECORD-BREAKERS  BETWEEN  NEW  YORK  AND  QUEENSTOWN— EAST  OR  WEST. 


Date.  Steamer.  D. 

1856 »-.. Persia 9 

1866 Scotia 8 

1869 Citv  of  Brussels.  ..  7 

1873 Baltic 7 

1875 City  of  Berliu 7 

1876 Germanic 7 

1877 Britau nic 7 

1880 Arizona 7 

1882 Alaska 6 

1884 Oregon 6 


jr. 

*3r. 

1 

45 

2 

48 

22 

3 

20 

9 

15 

48 

11 

37 

10 

53 

7 

23 

18 

37 

11 

9 

"Dale.  Steamer,  B. 

1884 America..,.  ...T...  6 

18S7 Umbria ,  6 

1888. Etruria 6 

1891 Majestic 5 

1891 Teutonic 6 

1892 City  of  Paris 5 

1893 Campania 5 

1894 Lucauia 5 

1907 , Lusitania. . , , 4 


H. 

M. 

10 

0 

4 

42 

1 

55 

18 

8 

16 

31 

14 

24 

12 

7 

7 

23 

18 

40 

jFunnrliWarfes  autrKfrjIjt  Signals  oCSTransatlantCc  ILines 


Lines. 


American , 


FuTinel  M.irks. 


Anchor 

Atlantic  Trausp't' 
Cuuard 


French 

Hamburg- Amer. 

Netherlands- Am. 

Nor.  Ger.  Lloj^d.. 
Red  Star 


Scandinav.-Amer 
White  Star 


Black,  white  band,  black  top 

Black 

Red,  with  black  top 

Red,  with  black  rings  and  black  top 

Red,  with  black  top 

Express  service,  buflF;  regular,  black 

Cream,  white  band,  with  green  borders. 

Buff 

Black,  white  band,  black  top 

Black,  red,  black 

Ruff,  with  black  top 


Ni^ht  Signals. 


Blue  light  forward,  red  light  amidships, 
and  blue  light  aft. 

White  lantern,  then  a  red.  [red. 

Six  ball  romancaudles,with  green- white- 
Blue  light  and  two  roman  candles,  eacli 
throwing  out  six  blue  balls. 

Blue  light  forward ,  white  light  amidships, 
and  red  light  aft. 

Two  red- white-blue  lights,  in  quick,  suc- 
cession, at  stern. 

Green  light  forward  and  aft,  white  light 
under  the  bridge. 

Two  blue- red  lights,  one  forward,  one  aft. 

Three  red  lights,  one  forward,  one  alt, 
and  one  amidships,  simultaneously. 

One  white- red,  followed  by  one  red-white 

1    light. 

ITwo  green  liglits  simultaneously. 


?^ousr  iFIass  of  s:t:ansatlautic  ILineii* 


Lines. 

Fl.ies.                                    1                Lines.               1                                   Klntrs. 

American 

White,  With  blue  spreadeagle  iu   Netherl'nds- Am, Green,  white  and  green, N.  A.  S. 

centre. 

M.  in  black  lettei-s  in  the  white. 

Anchor 

While  swallowtail  flag,  with  red 

anchor. 

North  Ger.  Lloyd  Kevand  anchor  cro.ssed  in  centre 

Atlantic  Transp't 

Red.   wliite,  and   blue  in  hori- 

of a  laurel  wreath,  in  blue  on 

zontal  bars,  with  stars. 

a  wliite  field. 

Cunard 

Red  flag,  golden  lion  iu  centre. 

French  

White  flag,  red  ball  in  corner, 
with  company's  name. 

Red  Star 

White  swallowtail  flag,  red  star. 

Hamburg- Amer. 

White  and  blue  flag,  diiigonally   Scandinav.-AmerlBlue,     with    white    Maltese 

quartered,  with  a  black  anchor  , 

cross. 

and    veliow  shield  in  centre.    While  Star 

Red  swallowtail  flag,  containing 

bearing  the  letters  H.A.P.A.G, 

i 

white  star. 

hnmigratlon  Into   the    United  States,  1S20-1907. 


441 


Kmmiijratiou  Knto  tlje  mwitfn  states,  1 820^:1 907. 


Year. 


Total  Alien 
Passengers. 


Year. 


Total  Alien} 
Passengers.  Year. 


Total 
Immigrants. 


Year. 


Total 
Immigrants. 


1820 8.8S5 

18-21 9,127 

1822 6,911 

1823 6,354 

1824 7.912 

1825 10.199 

1826 10,837 1 

1827 18,875 

1828 27,382 

1829 22.520 

1830 23,322 

1831 22,633 

1832 60.482 

1833 58,640 

1834 65,365 

1835 45,374 

1836 76,242 

1837 79,340 

1838 38.914 

1839 68.069 

1840 84,066 

1841 80,289 

1842 104. 565 


1843 62,496 

1844 78.615 

1845 114,371 

1846 154,410 

1847 234.968 

1848 226.527 

1849  297.024 

1850 369.986; 

1851 379,466 

1852  371,603' 

18.53 368,645 

1854 427,8331 

1855 200,877] 

1856 195,857 

1857 246.945 

1858 119,501 

1859 118,616 

1860 150,237 

1861 89,724 

1862 89,207 

1863 174. .524 

1864 193,195 

!1865 247.453 


1866 163,594 

Fiscal  year  end'  g  .1  n  ne  30 

1867 298.967 

1868 282,189 

1869 352.569 

1870 387,203 

1871 321.350 

1872 404.806 

1873 459,803 

1874 313,339 

1875 227,498 

1876 169,986 

1877 141,857 

1878 138,469 

1879 177,8-26 

1880 45-1.257 

1881 669.431 

1882 788.992 

1883 603.322 

1884 518.592 

1885 395,346 

1886 334,203 

1887 490,109 


1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895...: 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

]900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 1 

1906 1 

1907 1 


546.889 
444,427 
455,302 
560,319 
623,084 
502,917 
314,467 
279.948 
343,267 
230,832 
229,299 
311,715 
448,572 
487,918 
648,743 
857,046 
812,870 
,027,421 
,]  00,735 
,285.349 


Total 25,985.237 

1789  to  1820  est.  250,000 


Of  the  whole  number  of  immigrants  in  the  fiscal  year  ending  Jr.ne  30,  1907,  1,004,756  came 
through  the  customs  district  of  New  Vorlc,  66,910  through  Baltimore,  70.164  through  Boston,  30,501 
through  Philadelphia,  3,539  through  San  l^raucisco,  and  60,512  through  other  ports;  also  48,967 
through  Canadian  ports. 


and  1,673  teachers)  was  12,600;  of  skilled  laborers.  190,315;  miscellaneous  (including  unskilled), 
777,725;  no  occupation  (including  childi-en),  304,709. 

Tlie  total  number  of  alien  immigrants  refused  admission  to  the  United  States  in  the  fiscal  year 
ending  1907  was  13,064,  of  which, 6, 866  were  paupers  or  persons  likely  to  become  public  charges, 
3.822  persons  with  loathsome  or  contagious  diseases,  1,434  contract  laborers, 189  in.sane,  29  idiots, 
341  convicts,  18  prostitutes,  1  person  who  attempted  to  bring  in  prostittites,  70  returned  in  one  year 
after  lauding,  925  returned  within  three  years  because  here  in  violation  of  law. 

IMMIGRATION  BY  COUNTRIES  IN  FISCAL  YEARS  1906  AND  1907. 


Countries. 


Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

Bulgaria,  Servia  and  Monte 
negro 

Denmark 

France,  including  Corsica.... 

German  Empire 

Greece 

Italy,  inc.  Sicily  and  Sardinia 

Netherlands * — 

Norway 

Portugal,  inc.  Cape  Verde  and 
Azore  Islands 

Rou  mania 

Russian  Empire,  and  Finland. 

Spain,  inc.  Canary  and  Balea- 
ric Islands 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey  in  Europe 

England 

Ireland 

Scotland 


1906. 


1907. 


265,138 
5,090 

4,666 

7,741 

9,386 

37,564 

19,489 

273.120 

4,946 

21,730 

8.517 

4;  476 

215,665 

1,921 
23,310 
3.846 
9,510 
49,491 
34.995 
15.866 


338,452 
6,396 

11,359 

7,243 

9,731 

37.807 

36..'>80 

2S5,  731 

6.637 

22,133 

9, 60S 

4.384 

258,943 

5,784 
20.589 

3.7-18 
20,767 
56.637 
34,530 
19,740 


Countries. 


Wales 

Other  Europe.... 

Total  Europe 

China i.. 

.Japan 

India 

Turkey  in  Asia... 
Other  Asia 

Total  Asia.... 


Africa 

Australia,    Tasmania,    and 

New  Zealand » 

Pacific  Islands, not  specified 

British  North  America 

Central  America 

Mexico 

South  America 

West  Indies 

Other  countries 


1906. 


1,841 
48 


1907. 


2,660 
107 


1,018.365,1,199,666 


1,544 
13,835 

216 
6,354 

351 


22,300 


Grand  total. 


712 

1,682 

51 

5,063 

1,140 

1.997 

2.757 

13.656 

33,012 


961 

30,226 

898 

8,053 

386 


40,524 


1,100,735 


1,486 

1,947 

42 

19,918 

935 

1,406 

2.779 

16,ti89 

22 


1,285,349 


i 


Owing  to  the  great  difficulty  in  obtaining  accurate  statements  of  the  immigrants  from  the  con- 
tiguous countries  of  Canada  and  Mexico,  no  statistics  of  immigration  into  the  United  Stales  of  citizens 
of  tho.se  countries  are  gathered  bv  tlie  Bureau  of  Immigration.  The  constant  ebb  and  flow  of  pensons 
entering  and  leaving  the  United  States  from  and  to  Mexico  and  Canada,  at  the  numerous  points 
where  such  movements  can  be  conveniently  made,  renders  accurate  statements  on  this  subject 
extremely  dillicult,  and  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  in  its  annual  report  for  1902  states  that  "the 
immigrants  do  not  inclucle  arrivals  from  the  neighboring  countries  of  Mexico  and  Canada  except  such 
as  come  from  abroad  through  ports  in  these  coimtries  for  the  avowed  purpose  of  entering  the  United 
States."  The  fact,  howeN'T^r,  that  the  Census  of  1900  shows  the  presence  of  1,183,225  persons  in 
the  United  States  born  in  Canada  and  103, 445  persons  born  in  Mexico  proves  that  the  number  of  arri- 
vals from  those  countries,  proper  to  be  considered  as  immigrants,  must  be  large. 


442 


STcltfirap!)  HattH 


BETWEEN  NEW  YORK  CITY  AND  PLACES  IN  UNITED  STATES  AND  CANADA. 
Explanation:   Day  rate,  40-3,  means  40  cents  for  ';eu  words  and  3  cents  for  each  additional 
word;  night  rate.  30-2,  means 30  cents  for  ten  words  an '1  2  ceuis  lor  each  additional  word.    Address 
and  signature  are  free.     liates  given  ai'e  Western  Union  rates. 


Rate.          t 

Placer. 

Kate. 

Places. 

Day. 

Night. 

40-3 

1 

Daj\ 

Night. 

Alabama 

50-3 

Minne.sota 

60-4 
60-4 

50-3 
60-4 
75-5 
60-4 

1.00-7 
35-2 

1.10  9 
35-2 
25-2 
75  5 

20-1 

25-2 

to 

35-2 
50-3 
75-5 
50  3 
40-3 
75  5 

60-4 
50-3 
1.00-7 
25-2 
to 
40-3 

75-5 
50-3 
30-2 
60-4 
75-5 
50-3 
75-5 
75-5 
35-2 
40-3 
to 

50  3 
1.00-7 
40-3 
50-3 
60-4 
75-5 

4.25-29 

50-3 

Alaska  : 

Mi.ssissii'Pi 

50-3 

Eacle  City 

3.80-35  .-^  ftO-35 

Missouri: 

St.    Louis    

Juneau •• 

2.60-23 
4.80-45 
4.30-40 
2.40-21 
2. 90-26 
3.40-31 
1.  00-7 
60-4 

1. 00-7 

3.  25-24 

2. 75-19 

1  00-7 

75-5 

25-2 

yo-2 

30-2 
60-4 
60-4 
1.00-7 
50-3 
60-3 
75-5 
60-4 
60-4 
40-3 
50-3 

60-4 
35-2 
40-3 
75-5 

30-2 
35-2 
40-3 
25-2 
to 
30-2 

40-3 

50-3 

to 

60-4 

2.  60-23 
4.  80-45 
4.30-40 
2.40-21 
2.90-26! 
3.40-31! 
1.00-7 
50-3 

1.00-7 
3.25-23 
2.75-18 

1. 00-7 
60-4 
25-1 
25-1 
25-1 
60-3 
60-3 

1.00-7! 
40-3 
40-3 
60-4 
60-3 
50-3 
30-2 
40-3 

50-3 
25-1 
30-2 
60-4 

25-1 
25-1 
30  2 

i    25-1 

)             1 

30  2 
)     40-3 

y   to 

j     50-3 

40-3 

Nome 

All  other  Dlaces 

60-3 

St.  Michael 

Montana 

60  4 

Sitka 

Nebraska 

50-3 

Skagway  

Nevad.\ ... 

1.00  7 

Valdez 

New  Brit  ns wick 

26-1 

Arizona 

Newfoundland:  St.  John's... 
New  Hampshire 

1.00  9 

Arkansas 

25  1 

British      Colu.mbia  :       Grand 
Forks,  Nauaimo,  Nelson,  New 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

25  1 
60-4 

couver,  Victoria 

New  York: 

New  York  City 

20  1 

Atlin 

All  other  places ^ 

North  Carolina 

} 

Port  Simpson . 

California 

J    25-1 

COLORA  DO 

40-? 

North  Dakota 

Nova  Scotia 

60  4 

DKLA  W  ARK 

40  3 

Ohio 

30-2 

Florida 

Oklahoma  ... 

60  4 

Georgia 

Ontario  : 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

All  other  places 

Idaho 

50-3 

40  3 

Indiana 

Oregon 

1.00-7 

Indian  Territory 

Pennsylvania 

>      to 
)    30  2 

Iowa 

PrinceEdward  Island: 
Charlottetown 

Kentucky:  Covington. Newport 
Klondike:     See     Alaska     and 

65-5 

Quebec 

40-3 

!LotTISIANA - 

Rhode  Island.. » 

South  Carolina 

25  1 

50  3 

Maine:  Portland 

South  D.akota 

60-4 

All  other  places  

Tennessee 

40-3 

^Ianitoba:  Wiuuipeg 

Texas 

60  4 

Maryland:    Annapolis,     Balti- 
more, Frederick,  Hagerstown.. 
Cumberland 

Utah  

60-4 

Vermont 

25-1 

Virginia • 

Washington 

;    30-2 

-    t« 

All  other  places 

N    40-3 
1.00-7 

.     A.SACliUS,                 -| 

West  Virginia 

30-2 

Mtchioan:  Detroit,  Mount  Clem- 
ens, Port  Huron 

Wisconsin  :  Jlilwaukee 

40-3 

All  other  places 

50-3 

r 

Wyoming » 

60-4 

All  other  places ) 

Yukon: 

Dawson 

4.2529 

TELEGRAPH    RATES    TO    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 

These  rates  are  from  New  York  City.  The  address  and  signature  are  included  in  the  chargeable 
matter,  and  the  length  of  words  is  limited  to  fifteen  letters.  Wlieu  a  word  is  composed  of  more  than 
fifteen  letters,  every  additional  fifteen  or  the  fraction  of  fifteen  letters  will  be  coiuited  as  a  word. 


Abyssinia 

-■Vlgeria 

Alexandria(Egypt) 

Antigua 

Argentine  Repub.. 

Austria 

Barbados 

Belgium 

Bermuda 

BoliTJa 

Brazil 86  lo 

Bulgaria 

Bnrniah 

Callao  (Peru) 

Cairo  (Egypt) 

Cape  Colony  (8.  A  f . ) 

Ceylon 

Chile 

China 

Cochin  China 

Colon 

Cyprus 

X)emerara.,.,,,,,,., 


Per  Word.  \ 

80 

32 

50 

81 

00 

32 

91 

25 

42 

25 

60 

35 

74 

25 

50 

,86 

76 

25 

,22 

,19 

,50 

,60 

,u 


Per  Word. 


Per  Word. 


Denmark $0. 

Ecuador 1 

England 

France , 

Germany 

Gibraltar 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Havana r 

Havti 1.05  to  1. 

Holland 

Honolulu 

Hungary 

Iceland'. 

[India 

1  Ireland 

Italy 

.lamaica 

Japan 1. 

[Java 1. 

Korea  (Seoul) 1. 

Malta 


$1 


35  Martinique 

25  iVIatunzas 

26  Melbourne,  Vic    .      0. 
25  Mexico  City ,$1.75,10  w 
251  Nassau  (Bahamas). 
431  Natal  (So.  Africa)..     ■ 

36  New  South  Wales..     . 

55} New  Zealand 

16  Norway 

56  (Jrange  River  Cor  y 

25 1  Panama  

47  Paraguay 1 


32 
42 
74 
25 
31 
48 
33 
20 
33 
35 


Penang 1 

Peru 1 

Philippine  Is.  (Lu- 
zon, Manilla, etc. )  1 
Other  islands 3 

Porto  Ilico 

Portugal 

Qneeusland 

Rounuinia , 

Russia  (Europe) . . 


00|Kiissia  (Asia) 

20  Santo  Domingo 

66  Scotland 

ds.  Servia 

35|Sicily  

.86Siam 

.66!  Singapore 

.66  Spain 

.35;St.  Thomas 

.86  Sweden  

..50  Switzerland 

.00  Sydney  (N.  S.  W .). 

11  Tangier 

25i  Tasmania 

JTransvaal 

12  Trinidad 

.27  Turkey  (Europe)... 

.76  Turkey  (Asia) 

.39;Urugiiay 

. 66  Vent'Ziiela  ..1.60  to 
.34|  Vera  Cruz, $1.75,  10 
.43|Victoria  (Aus.) 


Per  Word. 

$.r>o 

1.32 

25 

.34 

.31 

1.05 

1.11 

.38 

.96 

.38 

.30 

.66 

.45 

.06 

.86 

.98 

.37 

.45 

1.00 

1.60 

wds. 

.66 


Telegraph  tStatlslics. 


m 


TEI.KGRAPH   ^ih'YVZ'A— Continue' I. 


TELECRAPH    STATISTICS. 

TlUi:   WESTERN  UxNTION  TELEGRAPH  COMPANY. 

Statement  e.vljihitiiifi  the  mileasre  of  lines  operated,  number  of -oflicos,  miniber  of  messages  sent, 
receipts,  expenses,  and  profits  for  1870,  1875,  1880,  and  1890,  and  each  year  from  1895  to  1907,  inclnsive: 


Vkak. 

.•11. .1  0;iUl.-s. 

Mil.-.s  of 
Win-. 

Ottii-e.s. 

Messages. 

Receipts. 

E.xpf  Uses. 

Profits. 

1870 

54,109 

112,191 

3,972 

9,157,646 

$7,138,737.96 

)?4,910,772.42 

$2,227,965.54 

1875 

72,833 

179,496 

6,565 

17,153,710 

9,-564,574.60 

6,335,414.77 

3,229,167.851 ' 

1880 

85,645 

233.534 

9,077 

29,215,509 

12,782,894.53 

6,948,956.74 

5,833,937.79 

1^0 

183,917 

678,997 

19,382 

55,878.762 

22,387,028.91 

15,074,303.81 

7,312,725.10 

1895 

189,714 

802,651 

21,360 

58,307,315 

22,218,019.18 

16,076,629.97 

6,141,389.21 

1896........ 

lH'4,!tl8 

826,929 

21,725 

58,760,444 

22,612,736.28 

16,714,756.10 

5,897,980.18 

1897 

190.614 

841,002 

21,769 

58,151,684 

22,638,859.16 

16,906,656.03 

5.732,203.13 

1898 

\y.9Ml 

874,420 

22,210 

62,173,749 

23,915,732.78 

17,825,581.52 

6,090,151.26 

1899 

189,856 

904,633 
933,153 

22  -^85 

61,398,157 
63,167,783 

23,954,312.05 
24,758,569.55 

18,085,679.19 
18,593,205.87 

5,868,732.86 
6,165,363.68 

1900 

192,705 

22,900 

1901 

193,589 

972,766 

23,238 

65,657,049 

26,354,150.85 

19,668,902.68 

6,68.5,248.17 

1902 

196,115 

1,029,984 

23,567    ' 

69,374,883 

28,073,095.10 

20,780,766.1'1 

7,292,328.89 

1903 

196,517 

1.089,212 

23,120 

*69,790,866 

29,167,686.80 

20,953,217.07 

8,214,471.73 

1904 

199.350 

1,155,405 

23,458 

*67 ,909,973 

29,249.390.44 

21  361,915.46 

7.887,474.98 

1905........ 

200,224 

1,184,557 

23,815 

*67 ,477,320 

29,033,635.04 

21,845,570.32 

7,188,064.72 

1906 

202,959 

1,256,147 

24,323 

*71, 487,082 

30,675,655.00 

23,605,072.00 

7,070  583,00 

1907 

205,6-iiB 

1,321,199 

24,760 

*74,804,551 

32,856,406.25 

26,532,196.20 

6,324,210.06 

*  Not  including  me.ssages  sent  over  leased  wires  or  under  railroad  contracts. 
The  capital  stocli  is  $97,370,000.     Funded  debt,  $35,815,000. 

The  average  toll  per  message  in  1868  was  104.7;  in  1890  was  32.4;  in  1891  was  32.5;  in  1892  was  31.6;  in 
1893  \vas31.2;  in  1894  was 30.6;  in  1895  was  30.7;  in  1896  was  30.9;  in  1897  was  30.5;  in  1898  was30.1;  in  1899 
was  30.8;  in  1900  was  30.8;  in  1901  was  30.9;  in  1902  was  31.0;  in  1903  was  31.4 ;  in  1904  was  31.7;  in  1905  was 
31.6;  in  1906  was  31.6;  in  1907  was  33.7.  The  average  cost  per  message  to  the  company  in  1868  was  63.4 ; 
in  1890  was  22.7;  in  1891  was  23.2;  in  1892  was  22.3;  in  1893  was  22.7;  in  1894  was  23.3;  in  1895  was  23.3;  in 
1896  was  24.0;  in  1897  was 24.3;  in  1898  was  24.7;  in  1899  was  25.1;  in  1900  was 25.1;  in  1901  was 25.1;  iu  1902 
was  26.7;  in  1908  was  25.6;  in  1904  was  26.1;  in  1905  was  27.8;  in  1906  was  27.6;  in  1907  was  30.2. 

The  Postal  Telegraph  CJable  Corananj' also  tran.sacts  busine.ss  with  the  United  .Slates,  and  in  1906 
operated  59,674  miles  of  poles  and  321,570  miles  of  wire,  by  means  of  which  it  reached  23,975  places. 

GROWTH  OP  THE  TELEGRAPH  SERVICE  IN  THE  WORLD.  ^ 

Number  of  me.ssages,  1870:  Norway.  466,700;  Sweden,  590,300;  Denmark,  513,623;  Germany, 8,207 ,800; 
Netherlands,  1,837,800;    Belgium,  1,998,800;    France,   5.663,800;    Switzerland,   1,629,235;  Spain,   1,050,000; 
Italy,  2,189,000;   Austria,  3,388,249;   Hungary,  1,489,000;   United  States,  9,167,646;   Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
laud,  9,650,000. 

imark,  2,582,205;  Germany, 

itzerland,  4,690,876;  Spain, 

...  ....  .         ,      .       .  ,  149,422,305;  United  States 

(1907),  90,000,000;  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  89,478,000;  .Tapan,  23,083,837;  Australia,  11,369,139;  New 
Zealand,  5,640,219;  Argentine  Republic,  2,121,543;  India,  10,461,117;  Mexico,  3,383,518;  Canada,  5,963,247; 
Turke3',  6,057,473;  Bulgaria,  1525,112;  Earvpt,  l,92o,051;  Rouniania.  2.389,073;  Cape  Colonv,  2,952,643; 
Portugal,  3,343,738;  Brazil,  1,638.140;  Chile.  4,603,528;  Greece,  1,304,573;  Servia,  1,382,194;  (-iuatemala, 
1,281,419;  Uruguay,  293,943;  Colombia,  1,388,388;  Persia,  216,171;  Peru,  152,806:  Paraguay,  103,820. 

Messages,  percapita:  New  Zealand,  5  05;  Australia.  2.39;  Belgium,  2.15;  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
2.15;  France,  1.25:  Switzerland,  1.19;  United  States,  L08;  Netherlands,  L04;  Norway,  1.01;  Germany, 
0,68;  Italy,  0.24;  Spain,  0.28. 

For  statement  regarding  wireless  telegraphy  see  article  on  '  'Electrical  Progress  in  1907.' ' 

MANUFACTURE    OF    TELECRAPH    AND    TELEPHONE    APPARATUS. 

(From  Census  Bulletin  No.  73  of  1907. ) 
An  appa,rent  fallingoff  in  the  production  of  telegraph  apparatus  from  $1,642,266  in  1900  to 


lire,  district,  and  miscellaneous,  valued  at  $592,070;  wireless  telegraph  apparatus,  valued  at 
$114,050;  and  switchboards  and  parts  and  supplies,  valued  at  S217.330.  Tlie  most  important  recent 
improvements  have  been  the  introduction  of  printing  telegraph  systems  and  the  development  and 
extension  of  wireless  telegraphy. 

The  total  value  of  telephonic  apparatus  manufactured,  as  reported  at  the  census  of  1905,  was 
$15.863, 698, as  compared  with  $10,512,412  for  the  census  of  1900.  Of  this  total  value,  $824,204 
represented  the  value  of  850,815  transmitters;  $696,113,  the  value  of  831, 195 receivers;  86,483,418, 
the  value  of  887,447  complete  sets  of  instruments  ;  $68,826,  the  value  of  4,560  interior  svstems 
complete  without  instruments;  $5,154,447,  the  value  of  4.283  central  switchboards;  $564,795,  the 
value  of  3,917  private  exchange  boards;  and  $2,071 ,895,  the  value  of  telephone  parts  and  supplies 
(chiefly  the  sigfialling  apparatus  in  magneto-telephone  sets  and  the  line  protector  fuses,Ptc. ). 

Illinois  is  the  great  centre  of  telephonic  manufacturing  Industry  in  the  United  States,  both  as  to 
number  of  factories  and  as  to  output.  More  than  half  the  total  product,  or  ^^8,357,521,  was  from 
this  State.    The  output  of  New  York;  was  also  large,  but  not  quite  half  that  of  Illinois. 

Recent  inventions  involving  the  use  of  telephonic  apparatus  are:  A  system  of  musin  production 
and  distribution  by  meansof  electrical currentsover  the  telephonecircuits;  the  Poulsen  telegraphone, 
the  object  of  which  is  to  furnish  a  record  of  the  speech  received  over  the  telephone;  a  system  of  sub- 
marine signalling  based  on  the  use  of  the  telephone:  and  the  ' '  telegraphone,' '  an  iustriiment  used  ia 
conuectiou  wiUi  railway  telegraph  circuital 


444 


^Ijc  cSutmarine  i^aijlrs  oi  tKje  WiovVti, 


(From  report  issiieil  by  the  Inlcruational  Bureau  of  Telegiapli  Adniiuistratioiis.  ) 

The  followiu?  table  set.s  fortli  the  entire  system  of  submarine  cables  of  the  world,  including  those 
along  the  shores  a,nd  in  the  bays,  gulfs,  and  estuaries  of  rivers,  but  excepting  those  in  lakes  and  the 
interior  watercourses  of  continents.  The  list  includes  all  cables  operated  by  private  companies,  and  in 
addition  thereto  nnder  the  name  of  each  nation  is  given  the  list  of  cables  operated  by  the  government 
of  that  nation. 


Companies. 

Nmnber 
of  Cables, 

Length  of 

Cal)les  in 

Nautical  Miles. 

Companies. 

J 

-  o 
o 

36 

98 

« 

5 

31 

3 

1 

1 
3 

3 

3 

1 
2 

1 

6 

7 

23 

Length  of 

Cables  in 

Nautical  Miles. 

Ah'iILo- American  Tetepraj>h  Co 

".Transatlantic    System  —  Valentia 

14 
12 

6 

2 

13 

32 

11 
1 

28 

18 

1 

10 

4 

18 

9,554 
15,450 

10,004 
8,095 

7,478 

12,102 

3.029 
337 1 

18,7591 

*  7,500 

2b 
1,143 

727 
1.265 

9,067 

Easlern  Extension   Australasia   and 
Cluna  Teieyraph  Co 

23,532 
40,911 

"    (Ireland)    to    Heart's    Content 

Eastern  lyiexiraph  Co 

(Ne\vf(  nndland). 

Commercial  Cable  Co 

Tran.satlanticSystem— Waterville 

(Ireland)  to  Canso  (Nova  Scotia). 

Canso.  N.  S. ,  to  New  York. 

.  C^nso,  N.  S. ,  to  Hockport,  Mass. 

G/innierciol  Pacific  Cable,  Co...,,, ,,, . 

Anglo  -  Spanish  -  Portuguese  Sys- 
tem. 

System  West  of  Malta. 

Italo-Greek  System. 

Aiistro-Greek  System, 

Greek  System. 

Turko-(ireek  System 

Turkish  System, 

Egypto- European  System. 

Eg3-ptian  System. 

Egypto-Indian  System, 

Cape  Town  to  St.  Helena. 

St.  Helena  to  Ascension  Island. 

Ascension  Island  to  St.  Vincent. 

Natal- Australia  System. 

Europe  and  Azores  Telegraph  Co 

Compagnie    Alleinatxde     des   C'dbles 

Transatlantiqucs 

Borkum  Island  to  Azores  to  Coney 
Island,  N.  Y. 

Borkum  Island  to  Vigo,  Spain. 
Gh-ande  Compagnie  desTelegrajihes  an 

Nord 

Cables  in  Europe  and  Asia. 
Deutsch-  Mrderlandische  Telegraph- 
en  gesellschai't 

San  Francisco  to  Manila. 
Manila  to  Shanghai.* 
De  1' ils  de  Peel  (Bonins)  a  Guam, 
Direct,  United  States  Cable  Co. 

Ballinskellig's    Bay  (Ireland)   to 

Halifa.x;  (Nova  Scotia). 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  to  Rye  Beach,  N.  H. 
Western  Union  I'eleoravJiCo 

Transatlantic     System— S  e  n  n  e  n 
Cove,  near  Penzance,  England,to 
Dover  Bay,  near  Canso, N.  S. 

Dover  Bay.N.  S. ,  to  New  York. 

Gulf  of  Me.xico  System. 
CoDipapnie  Francaise  des  CAblesT6U- 

ara])/iiQnes 

1,053 
9,520 

Brest  (France)  to  Cape  Cod.  Mass. 
Brest  (France)  to  St.  Pierre- Miq. 
St. Pierre  to  Cape  Cod,Ma.ss. 
Cape  Cod,  Mass.,  to  New  York. 
African,  Direct  H^eleoraith  Co. ..-.-... 

8,483 
3,416 

Menado    (Celebes)— Japan  (Caro- 
line) ;      Guam     (Mariannes) ; 
Shanghai. 
Osteuropaische  Telegraph engesell^. . . 
Kilios     (Constantinople)— C  o  n  - 
stantza  (Roumanie). 

Halifax:  and  Bermuda  Cable  Co 

Indo-European  Telepranh  Co 

Black  Sea  I'elegraph  Co 

Westd'n  Telenra))1i  Co 

Carcavellos,  near  Lisbon  (Portu- 
gal), to  Madeira,  to  St.  Vincent 
(Cape  Verde  Island),  to  Pernam- 
bnco,   llio   de   Janeiro,   Santos, 
Montevideo,  Horta  (Azores)  to 

185 

849 

23 

St.  Vincent( Cape  Verde  Island), 
Oenlral  ajid  Sotith  American,    2'ele- 

India  Rubber,  Guttapercha,  and  2H- 
egniph  Works  Co... 

145 

(jraph  Co . 

Mexican  2'elearaph  Co 

1,528 

Canipania  T^elegrafico- Telefonica  del 
Plata 

River  Plate,  I'eleoravh  Co 

32 

South  A^neri can  Cable  Co 

1,968 
1,391 

(htba Submarine  Telepraph  Co.... 

Direct  Spanish  Tclearaph  Co 

United  States  and  Ilayti  Telegiap/i 
and  Cable  Co ... 

Direct  West  India  Cable  Co 

West  African   Telearanh  Co 

1.471 

Bermuda- Turk's      Island,    and 
Turk's  Island- Jamaica. 
Eastern  and  South  African  Telegrapli 
Co 

West  Coast  of  America  Telegraph  Co. 
WeUliidia  i& Panama  Tele<jrai)h  Co... 

1.979 
4,649 

Grand  total 

390 

200,673 

CABLES    OWNED    BY    NATIONS. 


Austria 

Belgium 

Denmark 

France 

Germany 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

Greece  ....\ 

Holland  

Italy 

Norway 

Portugal 

Russia 

Rus.sia  in  Asia .,  .*. 

Spain 

Sweden 

S  wi  tzerlaud 

Turkey  . , 

Argentine  Republic  and  Brazil. 
Anstralia  and  New  Zealand.... 


48 

224 

3 

77 

98 

306 

87 

11,178 

87 

3.167 

191 

2.304 

46 

54 

36 

243 

41 

1,073 

626 

97(1 

4 

115 

£5 

314! 

3 

1711 

15 

l,870i 

16 

209, 

2 

9! 

23 

352 

41 

1U5 

46 

4391 

»•••• •  ••■ 


Bahama  Islands.., 

British  America 

British  India 

Portuguese  Possessions  in  Africa 

Japan 

Macao 

Nouvelle  Caledonie 

Netherlands  Indies 

Senegal,  Africa 

Siam 

fndo-Chine  Fran^aise 

Pacific  Cable  Board  (cables  in  the 
Pacific  between  British  America 
and  Australia^ 

Philippine  Islands 

United  States  (Alaska) > 


Total. 


1 

213 

2 

399 

8 

1,993 

2 

26 

127 

t  2,153 

1 

2 

1 

1 

14 

t  2,155 

1 

3 

3 

13 

3 

1,479 

fi 

837 

33 

313 

11 

2,678 

1,649 

43,445 

*  Length  of  new  cables  marked  *  not  obtainable,  and  not  Included  In  totals  when  alma.nac  went 
to  press,    t  Approximate.     Length  of  new  cablea  not  included. 


w 


Canals. 


445 


^Telcpljone  statistics. 


THEfolIowiug  are  the  latest  stalislitts  ina<lp  i)iiblic  by  the  Aiaericuti  (Hell)  Telephone  Company 
{See  iirticle  on  "Klectiuial  l''roji:ress  iu  1907"  iu  reference  to  other  telephone  companies.)  Th< 
figures  are  for  Janiuir.v  1  of  each  year: 


he 


Exchanges  and  I 

Kranch  otlices ) 

;Milc'S  wire  poles  and  ) 

Hiiildiiigs {  •• 

IViiles  underg-round 


1905. 


4,080 

1,654,379 

1,888,760 


1906. 


4,dS2 

2,159,567 
2,345,742 


1907. 
4,889; 

2,754,571 
8,241,471 


1905. 


1906. 


1907. 


Miles  of   wire  submarine. I       6,67l|       9,.373l     11.690 
Total   miles  of  wire ]3,549,810]4,,ol4,682 6.007,732 


Total  circuits... 
Total  employes. 
Total  stations... 


930,251|l,135,-ft9 1,384,175 
59,451       74,7181      90,324 
1,799,633,2,241, 367 12,727,289 


nmp.nts  iii  the  hands  of  licensees  under  rental  at  the  beginning  of  1907  was 
exchange  connections  daily  in  the  United  States  is  16,478,058,  ora  total  per  year 
he.average  number  of  daily  calls  per  subscriber  is  six.     The  capital  of  the 


The  auniber  of  instr 
7,107,836.  The  number  of 
of  about  5.305,900,000,  T 
company  is  !^158,661,800.  

What  are  known  as  independent  telephone  companies,  as  distinguished  from  Bell  companies,  are 
nearly  all  represented  in  the  International  Independent  Telephone  Association,  Of  these  there  are 
about  9,000  companies  operating  an  aggregate  of  over  3,500,000  instruments.  The  capital  invested  is 
approximately  $350,00i',000,  the  number  of  stockholders  500,000.  and  the  income  roughly  is  8105,000,000. 
During  the  last  year  tiie  principal  feature  of  the  independent  companies'  activities  was  the  extension 
of  long-distance  business.  The  Middle  West  ha.s  been  best  developed,  and  at  present  over  independent 
lines  continuous  communication  is  possible  throughout  nearly  all  of  the  territory  within  the  ea.st  and 
westlimits  of  Philadelphia  and  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  and  the  north  and  south'limits  of  INIinneapolis 
and  Birmingham.  The  increase  in  business,  according  to  locality,  during  1S07,  varied  from  10  to  40  per 
cent,  and  averaged  between  15  and  20  per  cent.     (See  also  Electrical  Progress  iu  1907). 

Telephone  messages  per  annum  (latest  reports):  France,  205,685,374 ;  Germany,  1,207,446,753;  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  723,216,363;  United  States  9,000,000,000;  Austria,  166,474.183;  Denmark,  108,750,035; 
Hungary,  82,909.800;  Belgium,  53,977,696;  Switzerland,  36,803,415;  Netherlands,  31,470,095.  Iu  Italy 
and  ,spaiu  the  use  of  the  telephone  is  very  limited. 

Statement  showing  the  cost  and  date  of  construction,  length,  number  of  locks,  and  navigable 
depth  of  the  principal  canals  of  the  United  States  used  for  commercial  purposes. 


Canals. 
*And  improvements. 


Albemarle  aud  Chesapeake 

A  ugiista 

Black  River 

C.iyuga  and  Seneca 

Cbamplain 

Chesapeake  and  Delaware 

Chesapeake  aud  Ohio 

Companys 

Delaware  and  Raritan 

Delaware  Division 

Des  Moines  Kapids 

Dismal  Swamp. 

Krie 

Fairfield   

Galveston  and  Brazos. 

Hocking 

Illinois  and  Michigan 

Illinois  and  Mississippi 

Lehigh  Coal  and  Navig.ation  Co. 

Louisville  and  Portland 

Miami  and  Erie 

Morris 

Muscle  Shoals  aud  Elk  ll.Shoals. 

Newherne  and  Beaufort 

Ogeechee 

Ohio 

Oswego 

Pennsylvania..      

PorUage  Lake  and  Lake  Super'r. 

Port  Arthur 

Banta  Fe 

Sault  Ste.  Marie  (ship  canal). . 
Schuylkill  Navigation  Coinjiany 
Sturgeon  Bay  and  Lake  Mich'n". 

St.  Mary's  Falls 

Susfiuehanna  and  Tidewater  .. . 

W.ilnondinar 

Wellaud  (ship  canal) 


C.).st  of 
Construc- 
tion.* 


1,500,000 
3,581,ii54 
2,23i,632 
4,044,000 
3,7:;0,'2i!0 

ll,'2yO.X27 
SO.OOO 
4,888,749 
2,433,350 
4,582,009 
2,S00,000 

52,540.800 


340,000 
975,481 
7,35", -87 
7,250,000 
4,455,000 
5,578,631 
8,0S2,680 
6,000,000 
3,156,919 


407,810 
4,6y5,204 
6,239,526 
7,731,350 

528,892 


70,000 

4,000,000 

12,461, fiOO 

99.661 

7,909,667 

4,931,345 

607,269 

26,080,366 


When 
Com- 
pleted 


1860 
1847 
1849 

1839 
1822 
l!S59 
1850 
1847 
1838 
1830 
1877 
1822 
1826 

isii 

1843 
1848 
1895 
1821 
1872 
1835 
1836 
1889 

1840 
1835 
1628 
1839 
1873 
1899 
1880 
1895 
1826 
1681 
1.S96 
1840 
1843 
1833 


Len'h 
miles. 


44 
9 
35 
25 
»1 
14 
184 
22 
66 
60 

■iy2 

22 

387 

4y, 

38 

42 
102 

75 
108 

274 

103 

16 

3 

16 

317 

38 

193 

25 

7 

10 

3 

108 

45 
25 
26  \' 


No.  of  Depth 
Locks,    feet.f 


1 

i69 
II 

32 
3 

73 
1 

14 

33 
3 
7 

72 
None. 

"26 

15 

3 

57 

2 

93 

33 

11 

None. 

5 

150 

18 

71 

None. 


2 
71 
None. 
1 
32 
11 
26 


'''A 
11 
4 
7 
6 
9 
6 
6 

8-9 
6 
5 
6 
7 

'iA 


^A 


3 

4 

7 

6 
15 
26 

5 
18 

6K 
15 
21 

5A 
4 
14 


Location. 


The  Harlem  liiver  Ship  Canal,  lomiecting  tlie  lliulson  Itiver  .-lU'l 
Harlem  liiver,  was  opened  tor  tratiic  on  June  17.  1895,  and  co.st  about  $2 


Norfolk,  Va.,  to  Currituck  Sound,  N.  C. 

Savaunah  Kiver,  Ga.,  to  Augusta,  Ga. 

Rome,  N.  Y.,  to  Lyons  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Montezuma,  N.  Y.,  to  Cayuga  aud  Seneca  Lakes,  N.  Y. 

Whitehall,  N.  Y.,  to  Watervllet,  N.  Y. 

Chesape.ike  City,  Md.,  to  Delaware  City,  Dei. 

Cumberland,  Md.,  to  Wasliiugton,  D.  C. 

Mississippi  Kiver,  La.,  to  Bayou  Black,  La. 

New  Bniussvick,  N.  J.,  to  Bordentown,  N.  J. 

Easton,  Pa.,  to  Bristol,  Pa. 

At  Des  Moines  liapids,  Mississippi  River. 

Cojinects  Chesapeake  Hav  with  Albemarle  Sound. 

Albanj',  N.  Y.,  to  Buflfalo,  N.  Y. 

Alligator  River  to  Lake  Mattimiiskeet,  N.  C. 

<4alveston,  Tex.,  to  Br.izos  River,  Tex. 

Carroll,  O.,  to  Nelsouville,  O. 

Chicago,  III.,  to  La  Salle,  III. 

Around  lower  rapidsof  Rock  Riv.,111.  Connects  with  Miss.  K. 

Co-ilport,  Pa.,  to  E.aston,  Pa. 

At  Falls  of  Ohio  River,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Cincinnati,  O.,  to  Toledo,  O. 

Eastou,  Pa.,  to  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Big  Muscle  Shoals,  Tenn.,  to  Elk  River  Shoals,  Tenn. 

Clubfoot  Creek  to  Harlow  Creek,  N.  C. 

Savanujih  River,  Ga.,  to  Ogeechee  River,  Ga. 

Clevelauil,  O.,  to  Portsmouth,  O. 

Oswego,  N.  Y.,  to  Syracuse,  \.  Y. 

Columbia,  Northumberland, Wilkes-Barre,  Huntingdon,  Pa. 

From  Keweenaw  Bay  to  Lake  Superior. 

Port  Arthur,  Tex.,  to  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Waldo,  Fla.,  to  Melrose,  Fla. 

Connects  Lakes  Superior  and  Huron  at  St.  Mary's  River. 

Mill  Creek,  Pa.,  to  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Between  Green  Bay  and  Lake  Michigan. 

Connects  Lakes  Superior  aud  Huron  at  SaultSte.Marie,Mich. 

Columbia,  Pa.,  to  Havre  de  Grace,  Md. 

Rochester,  O.,  to  Roscoe,  O. 

Conneits  Like  Ontario  aud  Lake  Erie. 


Loug  Islauil  Souuil,  bv  way  of  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek  aud 
700.000.  t  Navigable  depth. 


FoKEiGN  Siup  Canals. 

L-n^th, 
Miles. 

Depth, 
Feet. 

Bottom 
Width, 

F.-et. 

108 

i'io 

72 
72 

Cost. 

Suez— Mediterranean   and  lied  Sea.s 

Cronstadt— St.  Petersburg.. 

90 
16 

61 
41 

31 

20^ 
26 
29^ 
10 

$100,000,00<J 
10,000,000 
75,000,(100 

I^fanchester  Ship— .Manchester  and  Liverpool 

Kaiser  Wilhelm— Baltic  and  North  Seas... 

40  OOi  1.000 

i:ibe  and Trave 

0,000,»»0U 

440 


Ganie  JLaws  o/*  the 


<25ame  ILatus  of  tijc 


CLOSE  SEASON  FOR  GAMK 
Thb  followiug  table  sUows  the  close  season  for  all  same  in  (he  UiiiLel  stutcs,  with  theexceptiou 
of  mouQtain  sheep  and  goat  and  a  few  unimportaut  species.     Where  no  dates  are  {^iven  kind  of  game 
does  not  exist,  or  close  season  at  all  times.     Local  laws,  where  uperaiive,  sliould  be  con.sultedc 


Mammals. 


Dter. 


I 

Alabama. 

.Ian.  1-Nov.  1  (6)... 

<l 

Alaska 

Feb.  1-Ang.  1 

Dec.  1-Sepl.  15  (a). 

3 

Arizona 

4 

At'kaTi8as.  .••••••• 

Feb.  1-Sept.  1 

Oct.  1-Jnlv  15  (a).. 

5 

California 

6 

Coioraiio      ....... 

Oct.  Jl-Oct.  1 

7 

Connecticut 

To  June  1,  1911 

8 

I>elaware    

9 

Uist.of  Col 

Jan.  i^ept.  1 

10 

Florida 

Feb.  1-Nov.  1 

11 

Urorgia. ........ 

J.-in.  1-Sept.  1 

IV 

id'iho 

Jan.  1-Sept.  15 

To  1917  (11) 

At  all  times 

4  days  in  Nov.  (13). 

ia 

Illinois 

14 

Indiana 

15 

Long  Islaud 

Iri 

Iowa 

At  all  times 

Mar.  i-Se'pl.i' 

17 

Kinaas 

lb 

Kentucky 

19 

Louisiana 

Local  S«ason8...     . 

'id 

Maine 

Dec.  16-Oct.  1  (12). 

ai 

Maryland    

Local  laws 

vi 

.M.issachusetta.... 

To  Nov.  1,  190S.   ... 

i-i 

^lichigan 

Deo.  1-Nov.  10(12). 

V4 

M  nnesota  

Dec.  1 -Nov.  10 

25 

Mississippi 

Mar.  l-\ov.  15 

Vri 

Missouri.  .......•• 

Jan.  1-Nov.  I 

Dec.  15-Sept.  1 

At  all  tim^s 

Nov.  15-Sept.  15  fa). 

V" 

V8 

Nebraska. ........ 

S9 

Ne7,id;i     

«0 

New  Hrimpshire.. 
\  ew  .1  erse^ 

Dec.  15-Dec.  1  (17) 

31 

To  Nov.  10,  i;^09    ... 

3i! 

NewMexiio 

Deo.  1-Oct.  15(a).... 

3.'. 

*Xew  York 

Nov.  I-Sept.l6».... 

34 

North  Cirolina... 

Feb.  1-Oct.  1    

35 

North  Dakota  .... 

Dec.  1-Nov.  10 

3ii 

( ihio 

At  all  times 

3: 

Uklahoma 

3« 

1  tregnn 

Nov.  1-  July  15  (SO) 
Dec.  1-Nov.  15 

:H9 

PeMnsylvania  .... 

40 

Rhode  Island 

41 

South  Carolina... 

Jan.  1-Sept.  1(12).. 

4-2 

South  Dakota  .... 

Dec.  1-Nov.  1 

43 

Tennessee 

To  Oct.  1,  1911  (14). 

44 

Tezas 

.Tan.  1-Nov.  1  fa)... 

45 

Utah  

Nov.  1-Oct.  1  (b)... 
0,t.  •-'7-Oct.  21 

46 

Vei-mont 

47 

Vi'-finia  ......... 

Jan.  1-Oct.l 

Dec.  15-Sept.  15.... 

4>i 

Washington     .... 

4VI 

West  Virginia.... 

Dec.  16-at.   15 

50 

Wisconsin 

Dec.  1-X.iv.  11  (12). 

51 

Wyoming 

Nov.  15-Sept.  15 

Elk,  Antelope, 
Moose,  Caribou. 


Jan.  1-Sept.  1 
At  all  times.. 


Si|uirrel 


Feb.  1-Seut.  1.. 


At  all  times 

To  Oct.  15,  lyll. 


Jan.  I-Sept.  15(1). 


At  all  times 

To  Mar.  13,  1908.. 


De'    1-Oct.  15  (2).. 


roit(13 

Dec.  l-Nov.  10(a). 


Dec.  1-Sept.  I  (3) 

At  all  times . . 

At  all  tim-s  (7).. 
At  all  times 


At  all  times.. 
At  all  times. . 


At  all  times  , 
At  all  times 


To  Jan.  1,  1911. 


To  July  1,1912., 
At  all  time.s  ..., 
At  all  times 


Nov.  1-Sept.  15  (a) 


At  .all   times. ... 
Nov.15-S.pt.  15, 


Jan.  1-Sept.  1. 


Dec.  1-Oct.  1  . . 
Jan.  1-Kov.  15. 
Feb.  1-Nov.  1  . 


Nov.  16-July  1... 
Nov.  1—1  uly  1... 
.Ian.  1-Nov.  1  ... 
Jan.  1-Sept.  1... 

At  all  times 

Feb.  1-Nov.  15... 


Rai.bit. 


BlKD<^ 


Quail. 


Dec.  1-Oct.  1  .  .. 
Jan.  1-Nov.  15.. 
Feb.  1-Nov.  1... 


Jan.  1-Nov.  1., .. 
Sept.  15-No'v.'i6. 


To  May  1,  1911...  April  1-Sept.  1  . 

Dec.  1-Sept.  1....  Local  1  iws.   . 

Dec.  l-(»ct.  1 Mar.  1-Oct.  1 

Dec.  l-t.)ct.  15.. 


Jan.  1-June  1. 
At  all  times.. 


To  Oct.  1,1913  ... 
Jan.  1-Nov.  10.... 


Dec.  1-Sept.  16*.. 
Local  laws 


Oct.  K-Sept.  1.. 


Jan.  1-Oct. 1 

Dec.  l-Oct.  1.... 
Jan.  1-Nov.  1. 


Mar,  1-Junel(12) 


Dec.  l-Sept.  15. 
Local  laws 


Mar.  1-Oct.  1   . 
Jan.  1-Nov.  10. 


*See  below. 


Dec.  6-Nov.  15 


Mar.  1-Nov.  1. 


Dec.  1-Oct.  15. 
Jan.  1-Nov,  1  . 


May  1-Sipt.  15,. 
Local  laws 


Jan.  1-Sept.  15...  Jan.  l-«ept.  15. 
Mar.  1-Sept.  1 May  1-Sept.  1  . 


Mar.  1-Oct.  15 

Mar.  1-Nov.  1 

Feb.  15-Oct.  15 

To  (Xt.  1,1920 

Dec.  1-Oct.  1 

Jan.  1-Nov.  15 

Mar,  15-Nov.  1 

Mar,  1-Nov.  1   

Mar.  15-Nov.  1 

Dee.  1-Nov.  1 

Dec.  21 -Nov.  10 

Jan.  I-N'V.  10 

.fan.  1-Nov.  1   

Dec.  15-Nov.  1 

Dec.  15-Nov    15 

Jan.  1-Nov.  16 

Mar.  1-Nov.  1 

At  all  times 

Local  laws 

De.  .  1-Nov.  1.; 

Dec,  l-«:»ct.   l.i 

Dec.  l-O.  t.  1      

Mar.  1-Nov.  1 

Jan.  1-Nov.   1  .    ..,, 

At  all  times 

Dec.  1-Nov.  15 

Mar.  l-Sept.  15 

Dec.  15-Oci.  1 

Jan.  1-NoV.  10 

Feb.  1-Oct.  1 

Dec.  1-Nov.  1* 

Mar.  1-Nov.  1 

Oct.  l.'wSept.  1 

Dec,  5-Nov.  15 

Feb.  1-Oct.  \h 

Dec.  l.-Oct.  1  (12)... 

Dec.  1-Nov.  1 

.Jan.  1-Nov.  1 

Mar.  1-Nov.  15(12), 
Jan.  1-Sept.  1  ...... 

Mar.  1-Nov.  15 

Feb.  1-Nov.  1 

At  all  times  (12) 

D  c.  1-Sepl.  \l' 

Feb.  1-Nov.  1  (12).. 

Jan,  1-Oct.  1   

D.c.  20-Nov.  1 

To  Oct.  1,  1915 

At  nil  tim'  s 


1    Elk   only.      2   Cow  and   calf    moote  ;^nd  raribou,  all  year, 
chicken — Oklahoma,  Jan. 


:\  Moi.se,  ca  ibou,  bison  or  Uuffalo,  all   the  year.     4   Prairie 


1-Sept.  1.  6  Suipo— California,  April  1-Oct .  15  ;  Colorado,  April  IB-Sept.  10;  New  llampahire, 
Deo.  1-Oct.  1.  6  Female  protected  all  the  vtar.  7  Antelope  (males) — Nevada,  Nov.  16-Sept.  15.  8  Rail— Connectjoiit, 
J  in.  1-Sept.  12.  10  Certain  species.  11  Deer  rais-d  in  inclosure  for  ma'k  t,  may  be  killed  at  any  tim«.  12  Local  exoept-ions, 
VA  First  two  Weilnesilays  and  first  two  Friaavs  after  first  Tuesday  In  November.  14  Except  Fentress  County,  Jan.  l-!^eo.  1. 
15  In  Suffolk  County.  16  Plover— Louisiana,  Mar.  1-Aug.  1  j  Missouri,  Jan.  1-Aug.  1  ;  Nebraska,  Deo.  1-Sept.  15;  New  York, 
.ian.  1-Aug.  fC.  17'ln  Carroll  and  Coos  co  inties,  Dec.  1-Oct.  1  ;  Uialton  County,  Dec.  15-Nov.  1.  Is  Except  July.  19  Except 
Mar.  ]-April  -.'0;  Sundays  and  .Mon  !*y.s  are  also  closed  seasons  for  ducks  and  other  waterfowl.  20  Female  deer,  Nov.  1- 
Sept.  1.  21  Swan,  all  year;  Goose,  May  1-Sept.  1.  Prohibitory  laws  against  hunting  doves  and  robins  exist  In  nearly  all 
States.  Sale  of  game  during  close  season  is  prohibited  In  most  States.  License  fees  from  uou-re»idents  required  In  some 
Stat«s. 

( a )  Female  deer  and  elk  and  deer  without  horns  protected  at  all  times,  (b)  Except  deer  without  horns.  Non-rMldent  not 
pMmitted  to  k'll. _^ 

»NEW  York  (Exceptions).  Dukk -Orange  and  Sullivan  counties,  Nov.  16-Nov.  1,  Fawns  at  all  times.  Hunting  with 
dog.s   traps,  or  devices  of  any  kind  prohibited. 

Shuirbkl— Greene  County,  Dec.  16-Oct.  1  ;  Orange  County,  Dec.  16-Oct.  16  ;  Chautauqua  County,  Dec.  1-Oct  16  ;  Dutchess, 
Reii.ss-laer  and  Sullivan  counties.  Dec.  l-f)ct.  1,  Richmond  County,  gray  squirrel  at  all  times;  S.iratoga  County, Nov.  1  Si-pl.  16. 

Rabbit.  Hark— .\lb in V,  (ien.see,  Monroe,  O  leans  ant  Wyoming  counties,  Dec.  16-Sept,  16,  Hroome  and  Cortland 
counties,  Dec.  1-Sept.  16 ,  Dutch  ss  Countv,  Dec.  1-Oct.  16  ;  Erie,  .M.oiison,  Rensselaer,  Steuben  and  Sullivan  counties,  Feb.  I'i- 
Oct.  I  ,  Livingston  and  Ulster  count  es,  Jan.  16-Oct.  1  ,  Richmond  Connty,  Dec.  Iti-Nov.  1  ;  Westchester  County,  Dec.  1-Nov.  1  j 
Greene,  .Schenectady,  and  Fut*on  cunnttes,  F"eb.  1-Nov.  1  ;  Oneida  and  Herkimer  counties,  Feb.  15-Sept.  16;  Orange  County, 
Dec.  16-Oct.  16  ;  Rockland  County,  Dec.  31-\ov.  1. 

QOAiL— Orange  and  Ulster  counties,  Dec.  16-Oct.  16  }  Rensselaer  County,  Dec  1-Oct.  1  )  Cattaraugus  and  Chautauqua 
counties,  Dec.  1-Oct.  16. 

GHot'sg  A«o  Woodcock— Greene,  Rens^el  ler,  Sullivan,  Dutchess  and  Tioga  counties,  Dec.  1-Oct.  1  j  Orange  and  Ulster 
counties,  Dec.  16-Oct.  16  :  Cattaraugus  and  Chautauqua  counties,  Dec.  1-Oct.  lb  ;  Saratoga  County,  Nov.  1-Sept.  16. 

Phk^sasts — Dutchess  and  .Suffolk  counties,  ,Ian.  1-Nov.  1. 

Wild  Bieos- Catching,  killing,  or  the  possession  of  live  or  dead,  and  robbing  of  ne»t»  prohlblt«d  at  «U  tlm«»— «xc«pl 
English  sparrow,  crane,  hawk,  crow,  owl,  anl  blackbird. 

Hunting  and  shooting  on  Sunday  prohibited. 

fizport  of  gam*  or  birds  taken  in  the  State  is  prohlbitti. 


Several  States,  1908. 


447 


SriJtval  <States,  1908, 

IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  first  dale  of  the  close  season  and  the  first  date  of  the  open  season  are  given, 
may  be  found  by  reversing  the  dates. 

Compiled  and  corrected  to  September  1,  1907. 

Birds. 


Open  season 


Grou8e  and  Prairie 
Chicken. 


To  I»ec.  1,1912 

Dec.  le-Sept.  1 

Mar.  1-Oct.  15 , 

l)ec.  1-Oct.  31 , 

To  .Sept.  1,  1909 

<»ct.  '.'-Aug.  20 

Dec.  l-(X-t.  1  ....... 


Mar.  IS-Sept.  1. 


r»ec.  1-Aug:.  15 

To  July  1,  1911 

Jan.  1-Xov.  10 

Jan.  1-Nov.  15 

Dhc.  1-Sept.  1 

(»cf.  15-Sept.  15  (12) 

Jan.  1-Nov.  15 

To  July.  1909 

Dec.  1-Sept.  15 

Local  laws 

I)ec.  I-Uct.  1 

To  1910 

N"v.  1-Sept.  1 


To  Dec.  1,  1910.. 

J)Hc.  l-Sept.  1 

Dec.  1-Sept.  15.. 
Ma:.  l-Sept.  15.. 
Dec.  1-Oct.  1... 
Jan.  1-Nov.  10... 
Jan.  1-Oct.  1  .... 
Dfc.  1-Sept.  16». 


Oct.  15-Sept.  1... 
To  Nov.  10,  1908 
At  all  times  (4).. 
Dec.  1-Aug.  15  . . 
Dec.  1-Oct.  15.... 
.Ian.  1-Nov.  1.... 


.Fan.  I-Sept.l 

Mar.  1-Nov.  1 

To  July  1,  1912 

Dec.  1-Aug.  1 

Dec.  l-Sept.  15 

Feb.  1-Nov.  1  (12). 

Jan.  l-Sept.  1 

Dec.  15-Oct.  15 

Oct.  16-Oct.  1  (12). 
Sept.  l-Aug.  1    


Wild  Turkey. 


Mar.  1-Dec.  1  (6). 

Dic.  1-Sept.  15... 
May  1-Sept.  1 


At  .til  times. 


Dec.  iG-Nov.  1  .. 
Mar.  1-Nov.  1.,.. 
Mar.l5-Nov.  1.. 


VoJuly  1,  19i;i  ... 
At  all  times 


Dec.  15-Nov.  1 


Feb.  1-Sept.  1. 
April  1-Dec.  1. 


Local  laws. 
To  1910.'.'  V. 


M.iy  1-Jan.  1  (•>). 
Feb.  1-Dec.  1,... 


At  all  times. 


Jnn.  1-Nov.  10,. 
Jan.  1-Oct.  1... 


Mar,  1-Nov.  1 . 


Jan.  )-.Sept.  1 

Dec.  1-Oct.  1 

Dec.  1-Oct.  15 


Mar.  1-Nov.  1.5  (12) 


Mar.  1-Nov.  1  (12). 
April  1-Dec.  1 


Feb.  1-Nov.  1  (12). 


rheasaut. 


T<i  Dec.  1,  1912. 
Mar.  1-bct.  is. 


At  all  times... 
At  all  times... 
Dec.  1-Oct.  1... 
Jan.  1-Nov.  15. 
Dec.  26-Nov.  I. 


Mar.  15-Nov.  1.... 

Dec.  1-Sept.  1 

To  July  1,  1913 

At  all  times...     . . 
Jan.  1-Nov.  1  (15). 

Dec.  15-Nov.  1 

To  1913 

At  all  times 


To  1913 

Dec.  25-Nov.  1  ... 
Dec.  1-Nov.  1  (6). 

To  1910 

To  Jan.  1,  1910 


To  Dec.  1,  1910. 
Dec.  1-Sept.  1. 
At  all  times... 


Jan.  1-Nov.  10.. 
At  all  times. ... 
To  1910* 


Oct.  15-Sei)t.  1 

To  Nov.,  1908 

Jan.  1-Dec.  1 

Dec.  l-(^>ct.  1 

Dec.  1-Oct.  J5 

To  Oct.  1,  1910 

Mar.  1-Nov.  15(12), 


Dec.  15-Oct.  16 


Jan.  1-Dec.  1..    ... 

To  July  1,1912 

Deo.  1-Aufr.  1 

ToOct.  1,  1909 

Feb.  !-Nov.  1  (12). 

Jan.  1-Oct.  1 

Dec.  15-Oot.  15 

To  Oct.  1,  1915 

To  Sept.  1,  1912 


Woodcock. 


Mar.  1-Nov.  1, 


Dec.  1-Oct.  1 . , 


Jan.  1-July  1. 


Feb.  1-Sept.   1. 


Dec.  1-Aug.  1  . 
Jan.  1-July  1.. 
Jan.  1-Aug.  1.. 
Ian.  1-July  10. 


Feb.  l^uiie  20.. 
Mar.  1-Nov.  1.. 
Dec.  l-Sept.   15. 

Local  Laws 

Dec.  1-Oct.  1... 
Jan.  2-Sept.  1... 
Nov.  1-Sept.  1  .. 


April  16-1  Jet.  1 

April  1-Oct.  I 

leb.  l-Sept.  1  (10). 
Jan.  1-Sept.  15  . . . . 
April  16-Sepl.    1... 

April  1-Sept.  1 

Jan.  1-Oct.    1 

April  lo-.-^ept.  1.. . . 
April  15-Sept.  1  . . . 

April  1-Aug.  15 

April  1-Sept.   1 

Jau.  1-Sept.  1  <  10). 

April  10-Nov.  1 

Mar.  1-Sept.  1  (10). 
Jau.  2-Sept.  1 


Jan.  1-Aug.  1 . . 


Mar.  1-Sept.  15... 

Dec.  1-Oct.  1 

Jau.  1-Oct.  1  (18). 


Dec.  1-Sept.  16*.. 

Local  laws 

Oct.  15-Sept.   1.. 
Dec.  1-Sept,  1  ... 


Dec.  1-Oct.  1 

Dec.  1-Oct.  1 

Jan.  1-Nov.  1  . .. 
Mar.  1-Nov.  15(12) 
Jan.  l—Sept.  1  .. . 
April  15-(Jct.  1  ., 


Dec.  1-Sept.  l.=i 

Feb.  1-Nov.  1  (12). 


Nov.  2-,July  15.. 
Dec.  1-Sept.  1..., 


Duck,  Goose,   Swan.  Plover,  Snipe,  Kail 


Mar.  1-Nov.  1. 
Feb.  1-Sept.  1.. 


Feb.  lo-Oct.  1... 
April  16-Sept.  10 
Jan.  1-Sept.  1..  . . 


May  1-Nov.  1 1 

Dec.  16-Sept.  1 j  2 

Mar.  1-Oct.  16 1  3 

I   4 

Feb.  15-Oct.  15(5).  I  ft 
<Jct.  31-Aug.  1  (5)..  H 
Jan.  i:-Sepl.  1  (8)...!   7 

Feb.  2-Sept.  1 I  8 

April  1-Sept.  1 9 

,1" 

Mar.  15-Sept.  1 11 


Dec.  1-Sept.  1 

May  1-Sept.  15 

Dec.  1-Sept.  1 

April  1 1-Sept.  15  .. 
Mar.  1-Sept.  lo.. . . 

Feb.  1-Oct.  1 

May  1-Sept.  1 


Jan.  1-Sept.  16 

Local  laws 

May  1-Sept.    1..    .. 
Dec.  1-Sept.  1  (19). 


Feb.  1-Sept.  1  .. 
April  10-Sept.  1. 
April  1-Aug.  15. 


May  1-Sept.  1.. 
April  15-Oct.  1. 


.Lan.  1-Oct.  1 

Jan.  1-Sept.  1 

April  1-Ott.  l.T  (10), 
Mar.  l-Sept.  1  (12). 

April  1-Oct.  1 

Jan.  1-Sept.  1  (21).. 
May  1-Sept.  1 


(an.  1-Sept.  16. 

May  2-Sept.  1 

Apiil  l-Stpt.  1 

Jan.  1  .Inly  16 

April  l.-Sept.  1 

Sept.  15-July  15 

May'islAHg.V  (16). 

May  1-Aug.  1 

May  1-Aug.  15 

Mar.  1-July  15 

Jan.  2  -Sept.  1 

Nov.  1-Sept.  1 

Mar.  1-Sept.  1 

May  1-Sept.  16  (16). 


April  ll-.'^ept.I5(16) 

Mar,  1-Sept.  15 

Feb.  1-Oct.  1  (5; 

Jan.  1-May  1 


Jan.  1-Sept.  16(16). 


Dec.  1-Sept.  1(19).. 

Jan.  1-Aug.  1 

,lan.  1-Ang.  1 

Dec.  1-Sept.  1 


M.tv  15-Sept.  1. 
April  15-Oct.  1., 


.Tan.  1-Oct.  1 

Dec.  1-Sept.  1  (15). 

Jan.  l-Jufy  20 

Mar.  1-Aug.  15 

.July  1-Mar.  1 

Dec.  1-Sept.  1 

May  1-Sept.  1.    . . . . 


12 
13 
14 

In 

16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
'.'7 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
36 
3>> 
37 
38 
39 

mO 

41 

42 
4.? 

14 
46 
16 
47 
48 
4'.» 
50 
61 


FISH  LAWS,  NEW  YORK  STATE,  OPEN  SEASON. 

Trout.— Open  season  April  16  to  August 31  (inclusive).  Long  Island,  last  Friday  In  March  to 
Atigust  30.  Ma.v  only  be  .sold  in  New  York  City  duriuif  open  season.  Monroe  and  Livingston 
counties,  March  29  to  August  31  (iuchisive).  Schoharie  Count.v  (except  Schoharie  River),  May  1  to 
July  31  (inclusivf).  Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, and  Cortland  counties,  April  16  to  July  15  (inclusive). 
Warren  and  Washington  counties,  May  1  to  AugustSl  (iuchisive). 

Trout  shall  not  be  taken  from  stre>j,msin  Albany,  Chemnng.Chenango.Columbia, Delaware,  Ks.spx, 
Franklin,  Greene,  Livingston,  Otsegc-.,  Rensselaer,  St.  Lawrence,  Saratoga,  Schenectady.  Schoharie, 
Schuyler,  Steuben,  Sullivan,  Tioga,  Ulster,  and  Wyoming  counties  at  any  time  for  selling  or  otTeriug 
to  sell. 

Trout  less  than  six  inches  long  must  not  be  taken  fsom  waters  in  New  York  State;  must  not  be 
molested  while  spawning.  Transportation  allowed  only  with  owner.  Fish  must  not  be  taken  in 
waters  where  trout  exist  except  by  auglius. 

Lake  Tront  and  Land-Ijockeil  Salmon — Open  season  April  16  to  September  30  (inclusive) 
— exceptlakes  Erie  and  Ontario  at  all  times— Jjutchess,  Ulster,  Sullivan.  Orange,  Rockland,  West- 
chester, aud  Richmond,  April  1  to  June 30  (inclusive);  Long  Island,  April  1  to  September  30.  Must 
be  fifteen  inches  Ions  and  not  molested  while  spawning. 

.>iiiti«kalloiige.— Open.seasoD  May  31  to  last  day  of  February.  In  St.  Lawrence  River,  June  10  to 
December  31. 

Sai  III  on.— Open  season  March  2  to  August  14. 

Black  Bass.— Open  season  June  16  to  December  31;  St.  Lawrence  River  and  Jefferson  County, 
June  10  to  December  31.  Lake  George  and  Schroon  Lake,  August  1  to  December  15.  Long  Island, 
Mav  30  to  December  31.      Black  bass  less  than  ten  inches  long  must  not  be  taken. 

.Salt  Water  Striped  Bass  less  than  eight  inches  long  shall  not  be  taken  from  waters  in  New 
York  state,  nor  posse.s.sed;  and  shall  not  be  taken  from  Hudson  River  by  net  between  April  30  and 
July  30. 

iPickerel  and  Pike.— Open  season  May  1  to  last  da.v  in  F'^'^vnary.  J4'^ense  njay  be  had  ^o  selj 
pickerel  or  pike  taken  without  the  State. 

Fishing  on  ^undaj^  prohibited  within  the  Sttite. 


I 


V 


448  Quoits. 


Hotr  auTy  iartl-atasiting  BrcorTrs* 

FLY-CASTING. 

Salmon  CaJilinp {Professional) —^ ohn 'F.n\\ght,  152  feet  (rod  20  feet,  48  ounces),  made  at  Central 
Park,  New  York,  October  12,  1906.  AnuUeur—FveA  N.  Peet,  121  feet  (rod  16  feet,  23  ounces). 
Madeat  Interuational  touriiauieiit,  Racine,  Wis.,  August  16,  1907. 

.Sfci/c/i  Fly-CnMing—'S..  W.  Jla\ves.l02  feet  (rod  11  feet),     ^rade  at  Central  Park,  N.  Y.,  1887. 

LifihtRod  OctJifuifj—PetiiT  Cooper  Hewitt,  100  feet  o^t  inches  (rods  not  to  exceed  5%  ounces).  Made 
at  Madison  Square  Garden, 1887. 

Fly-  Casting  for  Black  Bass—  li.  C.  Leonard,  101  feet  6  inches.  Made  at  Madison  Square  Garden, 
1897. 

Llpht  Rod  Cbji^es^— "Walter  D.  Mansfield,  129  feet  6  inches  (rod  5  ounces).  ISIade  at  San  "Fran- 
cisco, 1902. 

Sinfile- Handed  Fly- Casting— Walter  D.  Mansfield,  134  feet  (rod  11  feet,  10  ounces).  Made  at 
San  Francisco,  1902. 

Single- Handed  Fly- Casting— Tl.  C.  Golcher,  140  feet  (rod  11  feet,  10^^^  ounces).  Made  at  a  club 
contest  of  tlie  Han  Francisco  Fly-Castiag,  Golden  Gale  Park,  San  Francisco,  1902.  At  the  same 
club  T.  W.  Brotliertoii  made  a  cast  of  137  feet  in  a  heavy  rod  contest. 

Dry  Fly-  Oistina—Vor  delicacy  and  accuracy  at  buoys  35,  40,  and  45  feet.  Fred  N.  Peet,  99  5-15 
per  cent, at  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Auerust  3,  1906,  in  the  International  Tournament. 

Distance  and  accuracy  at  buoys  50,55.and  60  feet.  H.  G.Huscall,  winner,  99  10-15  per  cent,,  at 
Chicago,  August  18,  1905,  in  the  International  Tournament. 

WEIGHT-CASTING. 

Striped  Bass  Cast!  no  (Liflhn—K.  W.  Hawes,  129  6-10  feet,  average  of  five  casts;  sinker  l>g  ounces. 
Made  at  Central  Park,  N.  Y.,  1884. 

Strifte'lBassOastinfi{lieavy)—io]^n  A.Roosevelt,  204  feet 3  inches,  average  of  five  casts  in  lane 
35  feet  wide;  rod  7  feet  5  inches;  sinker  '2M  ounces.    INlade  at  Central  Park,N.  Y.,  1884. 

Strined  Bass  Casting  {Heavy)— \N.  H.  Wood,  250  feet,  longest  single  cast  without  lane;  rod  9  feet ; 
sinker2i^  ounces.    Mane  at  Central  Park,N.  Y.,188r>. 

JMinnow  Casting  for  Black  ^a^w— E.G.  Sturges,140  feet  11  inches,  average  of  five  casts;  sinker  ]4 
ounce.     Made  at  (:amp  Lake,  Wis. .  1891. 

Minnow  Casting  fnr  Black  Bass—F.  P>.  Davidson,  167 1-5  feet, average  of  five  casts;  sinker  J^  ounce. 
Made  at  Chicago,  1894.    Best  single  cast  of  173  feet, 

LURE  CASTING  WITH  SOLID  RUBBER  FROG. 

Ashley  C.  Smith.  98  2-5  per  cent.,  in  open  contest,  Chicago,  August  18, 1900. 

Following  are  tlie  records  made  with  ^  ounce  casting  weight: 

One-quarter  ounce  contest  for  accuracy  at  buoys  60,  65,  70,  75,  and  80  feet  from  platform,  three 
casts  at  each  buoy.  Weight  dropping  in  circle  30  inches  in  diameter  to  he  .scored  perfect  Every  foot 
or  fraction  of  a  foot  from  said  circle  to  be  scored  a  demerit.  The  total  of  the  demerits  divided  by 
fifteen  and  subtracted  from  100  gives  the  percentage.  99 1-15  per  cent.,  made  by  Wm. Stanley, 
in  the  International  Tournament,  Racine,  Wis.,  August  16,  1907. 

One-half  ounce  contest  at  buoys  60,  70,  80,  90,  and  100  feet,  same  rules  as  above.  99  per  cent,, 
made  by  E.  R.  Letterman,  in  the  International  Tournament,  Racine,  Wis. ,  August  17,  1907. 

Long  distance  cast  on  the  lawn,  ^  ounce  weight.  E.  B.  Bartholomew,  witli  an  average  score  of 
183  49-60  feet  for  five  casts.  Longest  lawn  cast  on  record  230  feet,  by  O.  E.  Becker,  at  club  con- 
test of  Chicago  Fly  CastingCIub,  June  1,  1907. 

In  the  Angler's  Club  tournament  at  Central  Park,  New  York,  May  18,  1907,  R.  C.  Leonard  made 
anew  world's  record  for  professionals  of  214  ft.  7in.  in  the  single-handed  bait  casting  contest,  and 
Charles  Stettath  also  made  a  new  world' s  record  for  aniateurs  of  200  feet. 

Team  casting,  Chicago  won  against  San  Francisco,  with  97  15-30  against  94.7.  Made  at  San 
Francisco,  Cal. ,  1902.    Height  of  the  platform  over  water  18  inches. 

ENGLISH  FLY  AND  BAIT-CASTIXG  RECORDS. 

Sahnon  Ftv-Casfina,  Amateur— J.  J.  Hardv,  140  feet  3  inches  (1895)  (rod  18  feet),  Wimbledon. 
.John  Enright,  147  feet  (1896)  (rod  20  feet),  Wimbledon.  Afterward,  with  the  same  rod,  Mr. 
Enright  made  an  exhibition  cast  before  reliable  witnesses  of  151  feet  3  inches. 

Salmon  Fly- Casting  ^Scotch  Professional— J .  Stevens,  126  feet  (1890),  Twickenham. 

Switch  Salmon- CaHinn,  Amate%\r—G.  M.  P.  Burns,  108  feet  (1888),  Twickenham. 

Trout  Fh/-Cas(ina,  Sinqle- Handed  Rod—V.  D.  Mallock,  92  feet  (this  distance  was  made  by 
measuring  the  line  after  casting);  R.  B.  Marstou  and  Hyde  Clark,  tie,  ';4feet;  Retiben  Wood  (of 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.),  82  feet  6  inches. 

Trout  Jfly-Casting,  Two- Handed  Rod— John  liJnright,  123  feet  (1896),  Wimbledon. 

*Tfiam€s  Bait- Casting,  ^ma^ein-— R.  Gillson,  191  feet  11  inches. 

Longest  Cast, Hea\''y  (bounces  lead)— 'y.'Lv.  Hobden,  216  feet. 

■\  Nottingham  Bait- Casting,  Amateur  (.U]4  ounces  lead)— . J.  T. 'Emery,  263  feet  (1898). 

Light  Bait-Casting,  Amateur  (1%  ounces  lead)- J.  T.  Emery,  204  feet  6  inches  (1896). 

•In  Thames  casting  the  line  is  coiled  at  the  feet  of  the  caster, 
tin  Nottingham  casting  the  cast  is  made  from  the  reel. 
Contributed  by  Fred.  N.  Peet,  Chicago,  111. 

The  fortieth  annual  quoit  contest  for  the  Bell  Medal,  representing  the  championship 
of  the  Grand  National  Curling  Club  of  America,  was  held  at  Van  Cortlandt  Park,  "  New 
York.   September  19.     The  summaries: 

FIRST  ROUND.  Rink  No.  1— John  Pepper,  Van  Cortlandt  C.  C,  21;  C.  S.  Ogden. 
Van  Cortlandt  C.  C,  4.  Rink  No.  2— T.  Nicholson,  St.  Andrews  CO.,  21:  J.  F.  Conley, 
St.  Andrews  C.  C,  C.  Rink  No.  3.— Ed  Sheridan,  Yonkers  C.  -C,  21;  George  B.  Allen, 
Utica   C.    C      0  ' 

SECOND  ROUND.  John  Pepper,  Van  Cortlandt.  21;  Ed  Sheridan.  Yonkers  C.  C,  10; 
T.   Nicholson,    St.    Andrews,   a  bj'e. 

FINAL  ROUND.  Pepper— 0,  1,  0.  2,  2.  2,  0.  2.  0.  1.  0  1,  0,  2,  0.  1.  0.  2.  1,  0.  1.  1,  2. 
Total.  21.     Nicholson— 2.  0,  1.  0,  0,  0.   1,  0,  2.  0,   1,  0,   1,  0,  I.  0,  1,  0,  0,  1,  0,  0,  0.     Total,  U. 

Referee — Georgre   Grieve,    St.    Andrews    C.    C- 


Itifle  and  Revolver  Shooting,  449 


Kemarkable  scores  were  made  by  rifle  and  revolver  marksiueu  during  the  season  of 
1U07,  as  the  following  recoi'ds  will  show: 

INTERNATIONAL  PALMA  MATCH. 

The  Palma  trophy  was  shot  for  at  Rockcliffe  range,  Ottawa,  Canada,  September  7,  and 
the  American  team  won,  with  a  score  of  1,712  out  of  a  possible  1,,S00,  142  points  higher 
than  the  best  previous  world's  record,  made  by  the  Great  Britain  team  in  11*02.  Bryant, 
of  the  winning  team,  also  made  a  world's  record  of  74  out  of  a  possible  75  at  1,000  yards. 
Other  total  scores  were:     Canada,   1,071;   Australia,    1,053;   Great   Britain,   1,580. 

Scores  at  respective  distances  of  800,  000  and  1,000  yards  were:  Americans— Major 
Winder,  Ohio,  75,  73,  71;  Captain  Tewes,  New  Jersey,  74,  72,  (J"J;  Dr.  Hudson,  New  York, 
74,  0!t,  72;  Sergeant  Orr,  Ohio,  71,  73,  01;  Captain  Semon,  Ohio,  75,  71,  63;  Captain  Benedict, 
Ohio,  72,  73,  70;  Captain  Casey,  Delaware,  75,  71.  00;  Sergeant  Bryant,  New  York,  74, 
71,  74.  Canada— 500,  554,  551.  Australia— 570,  553,  530.  Great  Britain— 551,  520,  503. 
Canadian  scores  were:  Mclnnes,  212;  Russell,  214;  Smith,  207;  McHarg,  202;  Graham,  212; 
Kelly,  211;  Skedden,  200;  Richardson,  207. 

NATIONAL   MATCHES,    1907. 

Team  Match — Won  by  U.  S.  Navy;  score,  3,421.  Other  scores  were:  Massachusetts, 
3,418;  Ohio,  3,308;  U.  S.  Cavalry,  3,300;  Washington,  3,301;  Naval  Academy,  3,347;  Penn- 
sylvania,  3,340. 

National  Individual  Match— Won  by  Midshipman  W.  A.  Lee,  U.  S.  Naval  Academy; 
score,   318. 

NATIONAL  RIFLE  ASSOCIATION  MATCHES, 

Wimbledon  Cup  (long  range  championship)— Won  by  Capt.  K.  K.  V.  Casey,  Delaware 
N.  G. ;  score,  88. 

Leach  Cup  Match — Won  by  Capt.  J.   C.   Semon,  Ohio  N.   G. ;  score,  97. 

President's  Match — Won  by  Sergt.   W.   A.   Berg,   Washington  N.   G. ;   score,   310. 

Regimental  Team  Championship — Won  by  the  Sixth  Massachusetts  Infantry;   score.   740. 

Championship  Regimental  Skirmish  Match— Won  by  Second  Infantry,  Washington 
N.   G. ;   score.   419. 

Championship  Co.  Team  Match — Won  by  Company  D.  Second  Ct.  Infantry;  score,  419. 

Press  Match— Won  by  Lieut.  M.  J.  Phillips,  Daily  Press- American,  Owosso,  Mich.; 
score,  48. 

Life  Members'  Match— Won  by  Dr,  W.  G.  Hudson,  New  York;  score,  65. 

State  Secretaries'  Match— Won  by  Maj.  J,  E.  Bell,  District  of  Columbia;  score,  47. 

NEW  JERSEY   STATE   ASSOCIATION   MATCHES. 
Dryden    Trophy    (at    200,    000    and    1,000    yards;    eight    men)— Won    by    U.    S.    Cavalry; 
score,   1,001. 

Columbia   Trophy — ^Won   by   Second   Regiment,    Elizabeth;    score,    1,060. 

Tyro  and  Company  Matches— Won  by  Company  C.  Fourth  Regiment;  scores,  129  and  29S. 

Inspectors'   Match— Won  by  Capt.   S.  W.  Wise,   Sixth  Massachusetts;  score,  93. 

Spencer  Match — Won  by  G.  W.   Chesley,  New  Haven;  score,   71. 

Interstate   Regimental   Match— Won   by   Sixth   Massachusetts;    score,    756. 

Revolver  Match— Won  by  J.   A.   Dietz,    New  York;   score,   125. 

Hall   Match— Won  by  Lieut.    T.   Whalen,    U.   S.    Infantry;   score.   40. 

Stokes  Championship  Medal— Won  by  Maj.  A.  Rowland,  New  Jersey;  score,   180. 

OTHER    RIFLE   RECORDS. 

In  the  Ohio  State  Association  shoot  the  Herrick  Trophy  was  won  by  Ohio;   score,   1,585. 

The  McAlpin  Trophy  Match  in  the  New  York  State  Association  shoot  was  won  by  New 
York;   score,   1,023. 

The  Sixth  Regiment  Infantry,  Massachusetts,  won  the  tri-color  trophy  in  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  shoot;   score.  2.038. 

A.  D.  Topperwein,  of  San  Antonio,  Tex.,  broke  7,000  wooden  targets  of  21/-  inches.  A. 
P.  Laundensack,  of  New  Haven,  made  a  string  of  80  shots  in  one  minute  at  the  tourna- 
ment of  the  Indoor  Twenty-two-Calibre  Rifle  League. 

REVOLVER    RECORDS. 

Indoor  revolver  championships  of  the  U.  S.  Revolver  Association  (distance,  20  vards; 
artificial  light;  any  revolver;  50  shots  on  Standard  American  target)  resulted  as  follows: 
W.  G.  Kreig,  Chicago,  454  out  of  a  possible  500;  S.  E.  Sears.  St.  Louis,  445;  Lieut.  R.  H. 
Sayre,  New  York,  443,  and  J.  A.  Dietz.  New  York,  441.  Pistol  championships  (same  rules 
as  above)— J.  A.  Dietz,  455  out  of  a  possible  500;  W.  G.  Kreig,  445;  P.  Hanaford,  New 
York,  439;  Lieutenant  Sayre,  434.  State  champions.  Revolver— W.  G.  Kreig  111.;  E. 
Hochen,  Jr..  La.;  W.  M.  Fawcett,  Me.;  C.  E.  Heath,  Mass.;  S.  E.  Sears,  Mo.;  Maj.  S.  J. 
Fort,  Md.;  Ralph  M.  Ryder,  N.  J.;  Lieutenant  Sayre.  N.  Y^ ;  F.  B.  Barrett,  N.  C;  B.  L. 
Dfcvers,  Pa.;  E.  C.  Parkhurst,  R.  I.  Pistol  champions— W.  G.  Kreig,  111.;  Dr.  H.  P.  Holmes. 
Iowa;  S.  B.  Adams,  Me.;  S.  E.  Stasberg,  Mo.;  R.  M.  Ryder,  N.  J.;  J.  A.  Dietz,  N.  Y.; 
F.   B.   Barrett,   N.   C. ;  William  Almy,   R.   I. 

Outdoor  Championships.  Distance,  50  yards.  National— J.  A.  Dietz,  New  York,  445 
out  of  a  possible  500;  Lieutenant  Sayre,  444.  State  champions;  revolver— J.  A.  Dietz,  N. 
1.,  44u;  Ivan  W.  Lee.  111.,  435;  J.  H.  Wessels,  La.,  358;  F.  L.  Havden,  O.  E.  Gerrish  and 
S.  B.  Adams,  Me.,  410;  Maj.  S.  J.  Fort,  Md.,  .347;  K.  D.  Jewett.  Mass.,  350;  Charles  Dom- 
mic.  Mo.,  442;  R.  M.  Ryder,  N.  J.,  443;  G.  R.  Decker,  Ohio,  420;  J.  T.  Mo<*^e,  Ore.,  416. 
Pistol  champions— P.  Hanford,  N.  Y.,  4.55;  W.  G.  Kreig,  111..  461;  J.  H.  Wessels,  La..  413; 
S.  B.  Adams,  Me.,  426;  Dr.  M.  R.  Moore,  Mo.,  420;  R.  M.  Ryder,  N.  J..  442;  P.  D.  Hale, 
Ohio.  State  military  champions— Lieutenant  Sayre,  N.  Y.,  516;  W.  G.  Kreig,  111.,  515;  W. 
E.   Thorne,   N.   J.;   J.   B.   Anderson,   Ohio. 

Lieut.  F.  B.  Barrett,  New  Y'ork,  won  the  Pinehurst  pistol  event  by  a  score  of  361  to  293 
for  Capt.    E.   O.    Greuner.    of  New  Haven. 

Rudolph  Gute  made  the  high  score  of  2,469  out  of  a  possible  2,500  in  the  indoor  gallery 
match  of  the  Zettler  Rifle  Club  of  New  York. 


450  -  Curlhuj. 

Important  skating  fixtures  for  the  season  of  190V,  in  their  order,  and  the  winners 
are  as  follows: 

Canadian  Amateur  Skating  Association  Championships. — At  Montreal,  February  2, 
Amateur.  220  yds.  (boys  under  16  years)— F.  Logan,  Verona  I^ake,  N.  J.,  20  l-5s. 
One  mile  (boys  under  16  years)— E.  Lamly,  Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y.,  2.r)3  .3-5.  One-half 
mile  (boys  under  12  years)— Claudius  Lamly,  Saranac  Lake,  1.57  3-5.  8S0  j-ds. — F.  Logan, 
^  erona  Lake,  1.28  1-5.  One  Mile— E.  Lamly,  3.06.  Three  miles— F.  Logan,  Verona  Lake, 
f>.:{4  4-5.  880  yds.  backward— A.  Aird,  Montreal.  1..37  4-5.  220  yds.  hurdles- W.  E.  McGee, 
Montreal,  30  3-4s.  Professional.  One-half  mile— Nerval  Baptie,  Bathgate,  N.  Dak.,  1.22  2-5. 
One  mile— Nerval  Baptie,  3.01.      Three  miles— Norval  Baptie.  9.34  4-5. 

National  Championships. — Orange  Lake,  N.  J..  February  12.  Quarter-mile — Morris 
Wood,  Brooklyn.  443.  Half-mile— Wood,  1.33  3-5.  One  mile— E.  Lamly,  Saranac  Lake. 
3.19.     Five    miles— Wood,    17.47  4-5. 

Metropolitan     Championships. — Beacom's     Rink,     New     York,     February     23.     100     yds. 
dash— A.    J.    Mendes,    11  l-5s.     440  yds.,    880   yds.,    and   one   mile— Phil    Kearney,    in   42  4-5s 
1.30  3-5,    and   3.21    respectively.     Five   miles— E.    A.    Taylor,    19.33  1-5. 

Indoor  National  Championships. — Duquesne  Garden,  Pittsburgh,  February  23.  One 
mile— E.  Lamly,  Saranac  Lake,  3.04  3-4.  Quarter-mile — Morris  Wood,  Brooklvn,  1.26  2-5. 
Five  miles— E.  Lamly,  15.09.  Professional  (held  same  place  March  2i.  Half  mile — Norval 
Baptie,  1.19  4-5.  Two  miles — Baptie,  5.58.  Quarter-mile,  backward— J.  K.  McCulloch, 
Winnipeg,    49  3-5s. 

National   A.    A.    U.    Championships.— Woodlands   Lake,    N.    J.,    March    10.     100    yds.— A. 
G.     Stolz,     Northwestern    A.     C,     11  l-5s.     440    yds.— E.     A.     Tavlor,     Irish- American    A.     C 
46  l-5s.     880  yds.— Phil   Kearney,   New  York  A.   C,   1.30.     One  Mile— Phil  Kearney,   3.23  1-5. 
Five   miles— E.    A.    Taylor,    19.03  2-5. 

International  Meet.— Davos,  Switzerland,  February  2-3.  500  metres  (546. S  yds  ) — 
Oeholm,  Davos.  44  4-5s.  5,000  metres  (3  miles  188.6  yds.)— Oeholm.  9.06  4-5.  1,500  metres 
(1,640.42  yds.)— Oeholm,  2.31  4-5.      10,000  metres— Schilling,   Christiania,   18.44  1-5. 

Skating:  Records. —  Revised,  1906,  by  a  committee  appointed  by  the  Najtiomal  Ama- 
teur Skating  Associa'tion,  consisting  of  F.  M.  Clark,  'S.  J.  Montgomery  an^  J.  C.  Hemmenc. 
60  yards — 6s.,  S.  D.  See  and  C.  B.  Davidson,  Dec.  28,  1SS5.  75  yards— 8  3-5s.,  S.  D.  See, 
Dec.  30,  1883.  100  yards — 9  4-5s.,  J.  S.  Johnson,  Marcii  1,  1893.  150  yards— IS ygs.,  G.  D. 
Phillips,  Jan.  27,  1883.  150  yards  (with  wind)— 14  l-5s.,  G.  D.  Phillips,  Dec.  26,  1885. 
200  yardis— 16  2-5S.,  J.  C.  Hemment,  Jan.  24.  1895.  220  yards— 19  4-5s.,  LeRoy  A.  See, 
Feb.  2,  1900.  300  jia.rds— 31  2-5s..  G.  D.  Phillips,  Dec.  30,  18S3.  440  yards— 35  l-5s.,  H. 
P.  Moaher,  Jaji.  1,  1896.  600  yards^5i4is.,  O.  Rudd,  March  5,  lS9i3.  880  yards — Im. 
20  2-5S.,  J.  Neilson,  Feb.  1,  1896.  1,320  yards — 2m.  13s..  J.  S.  Jo,hnson,  Feb.  26,  1894.  1 
mile — 2m.  36s.,  J.  Neilson,  Feb.  2,  1895.  1  mile  (straightaway,  with  wind) — 2m.  12  3-5s., 
Tim  Donoghue,  Februai-y,  1887.  2  mirleis — Sm.  42  3-5s.,  O.  Rudd,  Jan.  25,  1895.  3  miles — ■ 
Sm.  23s.,  J.  F.  Donoghue,  Feb.  4,  1897.  4  miles — I3m.  i'>s.,  J.  Nilssen  and  A.  Schiebe, 
Feb.  13.  1894.  6  aniLes- 14Tn.  24s.,  O.  Rudd,  Feb.  20,  1S96.  10  miles— 31m.  11  l-5s..  J.  S. 
Johnson.  Feb.  26,  18W.  30  miles— vlh.  53m.  20s.,  J.  F.  Donoghue.  Jan.  26,  1893.  40  mili-s 
— 2h.  34m.  40s.,  J.  F.  Donoghue,  Jan.  26.  1893.  50  miles— 3h.  15m.  59  2-5s.,  J.  F.  Dono- 
g-hue.  Jan.  26,  1896.  60  miles — 4h.  7m.  3-.5s.,  J.  F.  Donogihue,  Jan.  26,  1893.  70  miles — 
4h.  55m.  15  3-5S.,  J.  F.  Donoghue,  Jan.  26.  1893.  80  miles — oh.  41m.  55s.,  J.  F.  Dono- 
ghue, Jan.  26,  1893.  00  mile^— 6h.  25m.  67  3-5s.,  J.  F.  Donog-hue,  Jan.  26,  1893.  lOO 
miles— 7h.  11m.  33  ]-5s.,  J  F.  Donoghue,  Jan.  26.  1893.  Best  metr?  records. — 500  metres 
(546.8  yards) — 11  4-5s.,  J.  S.  Johnson,  Ja;n.  24,  1895.  600  metres  (656.17  yards)— 59  3-5s., 
Morriis  Wood,  Feb.  13,  1904.  1,000  metres  (1,003.61  va,rds)— Im.  47s.,  J.  K.  McCulloch, 
Feb.  10,  1897.  1,500  metres  (1,640.4!2  yardls)— 2m.  40  4-5S.,  J.  K.  M/cCulloch.  Feb.  6,  1897. 
5,000  meitres  (3  miles  188.06  yards)-^9m.  25  2-5s.,  J.   K.   McCulloch,   Feb.   10,   1897. 


,/ 


Annual  events  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Grand  National  Curling  Club  of 
America,   the  date  and  place  of  their  occurrence,   in  1907,   were  as  follows: 

North  vs.  South  of  Scotland,  Van  Cortlandt  Lake,  New  York.  January  31.  North- 
George  Grieve,  skip,  10;  D.  G.  Morrison,  skip,  12;  Thomas  Archibald,  skip,  21;  Thomas  J. 
Watt,  skip,  15.  Total,  58.  South— Robert  Boyd,  skip.  16;  William  Stewart,  skip.  24;  I. 
Frazier,  skip,  9;  S.  Peene,  skip.  12.  Total,  61.  W.  Stewart  won  the  Hoagland  flag  and 
T.   Archibald  the  Kirkpatrick  medal. 

Dewar  Cup  match,  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  rink,  February  5.  Utica,  No.  1,  G.  H.  Brown,  skip, 
20  vs.  Empire.  No.  1.  Manhattan.  D.  G.  Morrison,  skip.  15.  Utica  No.  2.  T.  K.  Baxter, 
skip.  13  vs.  Caledonian.  T.  Archibald,  skip,  15.  St.  Andrews.  J.  Leslie,  skip,  11  vs. 
I'histle,  No.  2,  A.  F.  Dickson,  skip.  12.  Empire,  No.  2,  Manhattan,  D.  Ballantyne.  skip, 
10  vs.  Thistle  No.  1,  T.  J.  Watt,  skip,  18.  Second  tie.  Thistle,  No.  1,  14  vs.  Thistle,  No. 
2,  22.  Caledonian,  12  vs.  Utica,  No.  1.  19.  Third  tie.  Utica,  No.  1,  15  vs.  Thistle,  No. 
2,  12.     Utica,  No.  1,  having  w-on  the  cup  three  times,  becomes  permanent  owner. 

Mitchell  Medal  match,  Albanv,  N.  Y..  February  7.  St.  Andrews,  No.  1,  New  York, 
J.  Leslie,  ^kip,  15  vs.  Empire.  No.  2,  Albany,  W.  S.  McEwen,  skip,  12.  St.  Andrews, 
No.  2,  R.  Boyd,  skip.  5  vs.  Empire,  No.  1,  J.  E.  Frederick,  skip,  20.  Utica,  A.  H. 
Munson,  skip.  9  vs.  Terrace  Citv,  Yonkers,  J.  Kellock,  skip.  13.  Second  tie.  Terrace 
City,  17  vs.  Empire,  No.  1,  8.  third  tie.  St.  Andrews,  No.  1,  13  vs.  Terrace  City,  12. 
St.    Andrews.    No.    1.    won. 

Gordon  Medal  match,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  February  8.  Yonkers,  George  Grieve,  skip.  4  vs. 
T'tira.  J.  E.  McLaughlin,  skip,  31.  St.  Andrews.  New  York,  T.  Nicholson,  skip,  24  vs. 
Empire.   Albany,  W.   McMurrav.   skip    9.     Final.     Utica,   22  vs.    St.   Andrews.   9.     Utica  won. 

International  Gordon  Medal  match.  United  States  vs.  Canada.  Utica,  N.  Y.,  February 
9.     St.     Andrews,     New    York,     T.     Nicholson,     skip,     IG    vs.     St.     Lawrence,     Montreal,     D. 


Hockey. 


451 


CURLING— 6bn<mitc:<. 


Scots   vs.    Other   nationalities,    at    \  an    uortianai    i-arK,    j?  eoruary    z^ 
1,   R.   Boves,  skip,   15;   No.   2,   W.   Stewart,   skip,   21;   No.   3,   T.   J.   Watt, 
Nicholson,   skip,   17.     Total,   66.      Other  nationalities— Rink   No.    1,    Geors 
No.    2,    J.    Kellock.    skip,    13;    No.    3,    E.    Sheridan,    skip,    S;    No.    4,    J 


Guthrie,    skip.    16.     Utica,    H.    Riddings,    skip,    15;    St.    Lawrence,    Montreal,    W.    Kinghorn, 
skip,   22.     Canadians  won.   o!S  to  31. 

Scots  vs.  Americans,  for  John  .Patterson  medal,  at  Van  Cortlandt  Park,  February  12. 
Scots— Rink  No.  1,  D.  G.  Morrison,  skip,  9;  No.  2,  J.  Johnston,  skip,  12;  No.  3,  J. 
Stalker,  skip,  13;  No.  4,  J.  Leslie,  skip,  14;  No.  5,  R.  Lauder,  skip,  19.  Total,  67. 
Americans — Rink  No.  1.  Ed.  Sheridan,  skip,  21;  No.  2,  J.  Brown,  skip.  IS;  No.  3,  A.  P. 
Roth,  skip,  14;  No.  4,  George  Grieve,  skip,  11;  No.  5,  J.  Kellock,  skip,  5.  Total,  69. 
Americans   won. 

Scots   vs.    Other   nationalities,    at   Van   Cortlandt    Park,    February   22.      Scots— Rink   No. 

skip,   13;   No.  4,   T. 

:'ge   Grieve,    skip,    i:!; 

J.    Brown,    skip,    10. 

Total,    44.     Scots    won. 

MEDAL    GAMES    THIS    YEAR    AND    OFFICERS. 

The  Committee  on  Medals  has  arranged  the  following  contests  to  be  played  during 
1007-1908:  St.  Andrews  vs.  Empire-Albany,  Thistles  vs.  Utica.  Terrace  City  vs.  Boston, 
Yonkers  vs.  Empire-Manhattan,  Caledonian  vs.  Van  Cortlandt,  Brookline  vs.  Tuxedo, 
Van  Cortlandt  vs.   Wilkes-Barre;   Newark  vs.   Jersey   City. 

Officers  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  are:  J.  A.  Lehman,  Albany,  president;  Thomas 
J.  Watt.  New  York,  first  vice-president;  James  Buchanan,  Boston,  second  vice-president; 
George  W.   Reene,   Yonkers,   treasurer,   and  F.   Dykes,   HLbcken,   secretary. 

CANADIAN    CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

Big  matches  decided  last  season  in  the  Montreal  district  were  as  follows:  Governor 
General's  Prize — Won  by  Caledonian  Club,  Montreal,  from  Ottawa  CIuT),  at  Ottawa,  by  4 
points.  Jubilee  Trophy— Won  by  Heather  Club,  Montreal,  defeating  the  Montreal  Curling 
Club  by  10  points  in  the  final  game.  M.  A.  A.  A.  Trophy— Won  by  Heather  Club,  defeating 
Montreal  C.  C.  by  IS  points. 


^U. 


The  National  Ski  Association  of  America  was  organized  February  21.  1905.  and  has  a 
membership  of  2.000  representing  twenty-five  clubs.  Present  officers  are:  President.  Carl 
Tellefsen,  Ishpeming.  Mich.:  Vice-President.  John  C.  Lohrbauer,  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  Secretary, 
Aksel  H.   Holter,  Ashland,  Wis.;  Treasurer.   H.   R.   Beebe,  Utica.   N.   Y. 

Annual  championship  contests  in  long-distance  and  cross-country  runs  and  in  ski  jump- 
ing  are    held,    the    last    being   at    Ashland.    Wis.,    February   7-8,    1907.      Asarja    Autio,    Ely, 
Minn.,  won  the  nine-mile  running  contest;  time.   47m.  20s.     Oluf  Jomurne.   Coleraine,   Minn.,, 
won  the  ski  championship  in  two  jumps,  each  measuring  91.2  feet.     The  next  national  tour- 
nament will  be  held  at  Duluth.   Minn.' 

Previous  to  1905  the  American  ski  jumping  record  was  held  by  Carl  Ek,  Red  Wing. 
Alinn.,  who  covered  103  feet  in  1902.  In  1905  Gustav  Bye,  Duluth,  Minn,  made  a  record  of 
100  feet.  January  23,  1907.  Ole  Feiring,  Duluth,  covered  112  feet,  and  the  present  record 
holder  is  Ole  Mangseth.  Coleraine.  Minn.,  who.  the  same  day.  cleared  114  feet.  The  longest 
jump  on  i-ecord  was  made  in  Modum,  Norway,  February  9,  1902,-  by  Nels  Gjestvang,  who 
cleared  135  feet  without  a  fall. 


Il^otfet^, 


The  Wanderers'  Hockey  Club  of  Montreal  won  the  championship  of  Canada  and  also  the 
Stanley  Cup.  emblematic  of  the  world's  championship,  winning  every  contest  against  eighty 
teams  during  the  season. 

The  season  in  Ne\»f  York  was  one  of  groat  interest.  St.  Nicholas  team  proved  a  great 
surprise,  winning  the  championship  in  the  Amateur  Hockey  l^eague  with  six  straight 
Aictories.  Princeton,  by  four  straight  wins,  also  made  a  successful  season  in  the  Intercol- 
legiate League.     The  standing: 


Amateur    Hockey    League. 

Games  Games  Per 

-    Team.                                      W"on.  Lost.  Cent. 

St.    Nicholas 6  0  1.000 

Crescent  A.    C 4  2  .606 

New    York    A.    C 2  4      t  .200 

Hockey  Club  of  New  York     0  6  .000 


Previous  winners  of  the 
Club;  1900,  1901,  1902,  and 
1905  and  1900,    ' 

Houghton. 


Intercollegiate    Hockey   League. 

Games  Games     Per 

Team.  Won. 

Princeton     4 

Harvard     3 

Dartmouth     2 

Yale     1 

Columbia     0 


Lost. 

Cent. 

0 

1.000 

1 

.750 

2 

.500 

3 

.250 

4 

.000 

Amateur  Hockey  League  champions'hip.   1899.  Brooklyn  Skating 
1903,    Crescent   Athletic    Club;    1904,    Wanderers'    Hockey    Club; 

Crescent  A.  C. 

Mich.,  won  the  championship  of  the  International  Hockey  League. 


organization  in  1904. 
Canadian  Soo,   13,  11; 


a  season  of  great  brilliancy,  this  being  the  third  since  the 
and  lost  by  each  team  were  as  follows:  ■  Houghton,  18,  S; 
12,   11;  American  Soo,   10,   13;   Calumet  fMich.i.   S,   16. 

Victoria  Hockey  Club  team,  of  Montreal,  visited  New  York,  and  on  March  9 
Nicholas  (weakened  by  absence  of  players  and  injured  members)   14  goals  to  8. 

Crescent  A.   C.   team  visited   Canada  in  February,   losing  to  Peterborough, 
Toronto  University,   15  goals  to  5. 


which  had 
Games  won 
Pittsburgh, 

defeated  St. 

and  later  to 


452 


Houmif/. 


ilotoing^ 


TALT5  VS.  HA.RVARD-UNIVERSITY  EIGHTS. 
Yale  and  Harvard  eights  have  rowed  forty-one  races,  begjnniug  in  1852  on  Lake  Winnipiseogee 
at  two  miles.  In  1855  the  course  was  changed  to  Springfield  and  lengthened  to  three  miles. 
Iiake  Quinsigamond  was  the  scene  for  nine  years,  and  Lake  Saltousiill  for  1869.  After  an  interval 
of  seven  years  tlie  crews  in  1876-77  went  to  Springfield,  Mass.,  when  the  four-mile  course  was 
inaugurated.   In  1878  the  crews  changed  again  to  New  London,  Ct.    The  records: 


1^  ATH 

Won  Bv 

Ti 

MK, 

Date. 

1 

AVcn  Ry. 

Time. 

■Won. 

Lost. 

Won. 

Lost. 

Aug.   3,1852... 

Harvard.. 

. , , , 

June  26. 1885.... 

Harvard.. 

25.15^ 

26,30 

Jul  V  21,  1S55.... 

Harvard,. 

July     2,1886.... 

Yale 

20,41^ 

21,05 

Jiilv2<5.  1857.... 

Harvard,. 

19.18 

20.18 

July     1,1887  ... 

Yale 

22.56 

23.105i 

.Tm1v27,  1859.... 

Yale 

19.14 

19.16 

June  29,1888. ,.. 

Yale » 

20.10 

21.24>$ 

.Iuly24,  18(50  ... 

Harvard,. 

18.53 

19.05 

.luue  29,18S9  ... 

Yale 

21.30 

21.55 

July  29, 1864.... 

Yale 

19.01 

19.431^83 

'June  27,1890.,.. 

Yale 

21,29 

21,40 

Julv28.  1865.... 

Yale 

17.42)^ 

18.(t9 

1  June  26, 1891.,. 

Harvard,. 

21.23 

21.57 

Julv2T.  1-66.... 

Harvard,. 

18.43 

19.10 

July     1,1892.,.. 

Yale 

20.48 

21A2H 

Jul  V  19,  1867.... 

Harvard.. 

18.13 

19.2.5M 

June    3,189  5.,.. 

Yale 

25.01  ><J 

25.15 

July  24, 1868.... 

Harvard.. 

17.48^ 

18.3^^ 

'June  28, 1894.,.. 

Yale 

22.47 

24.40 

July  2:3.  1869.... 

Harvard.. 

18.02 

18,11 

June  28,1895.,.. 

Yalp 

21.30 

22.05 

July  22, 1870... 

Harvard,. 

Foul, 

LisQ. 

June  29.1899.,.. 

Harvard.. 

20.521^ 

21.13 

July  30,  1876.... 

Yale 

22.02 

22,33 

June  28.19(10. ... 

Yale 

21.12  4-5 

21.37  2-5 

Tune30, 1877.... 

Harvard.. 

24.36 

24.44 

June  27,19.'>l 

Ya'e 

23.37 

23:45 

Jnne28, 1878.... 

Harvard.. 

20.443^ 

21.29 

.Tune  2(i,  1902.  ,.. 

Yale 

20.20 

20.33 

June27. 1879.... 

Harvard, 

22.15 

23.58 

June  25.1903  ... 

Yale 

20  19  4-5 

20.29  3-5 

July   1,  1880..., 

Yale 

24.27 

25.09 

June  30,1904  ... 

Yale 

21.401^ 

22.10 

July   1,  1881.... 

Yale 

22.13 

22.19 

June29.190.5  . ., 

Yale 

22.33 

22.36 

JuneSO.  1882..,. 

Harvard.. 

20.47 

20.501^ 

June  28,1906 

Harvard.. 

23.02 

23.11 

June  28,1883, .., 

Hai-vard.. 

24.26 

25,59 

June  27,  1907... 

Yale 

21.10 

21.13 

June  26,1884.,,. 

Yale 

20.31 

20.46 

1 

INTERCOLLEGIATE  'VARSITY"  RACES. 

Intercollegiate  '  Varsitj'  races  since  1900  have  resulted  as  follows: 

JuneSO.  1900.— At  Poughkeepsie.    Four  miles.     Pennsvlvania,  19.44  3-5;  Wisconsin,  19.46  2-5; 
Cornell,  20.04  1-5;  Colunthia,  20.08  1-5:  Georgetown,  20.19  1-5. 

July  2,  1901.— At  Pouglikee|)sie.    Four  miles.     Cornell,  18.531-5;  Columbia,  18,58:  \Visconsin, 

19.06  4-5:  Georgetown,  19.21;  Svracuse,  19,49;  Pennsylvania.  19.58  1-5. 

June  21, 1902.— At  Poughkeepsie.   Four  miles.  Cornell,  19,05  3-5;  Wisconsin,  19,13  3-5;  Colum- 
bia, 19,183-5;  Pennsylvania,  19,26;  Svracuse,  19.31  2-5;  (-ieorgetown,  19.32, 

June  26,  1903.— At  Poughkeepsie.    Four  miles.    Cornell,  18,57;  Georgetown,  19.27;    Wisconsin, 
19.29  2-5;  Pennsylvania.  19,36  2-5;  Columbia,  19.54  4-5. 

June  28,  1904,— At  Pou!,'hkeepsie.    Four  miles.     Svraonse,  20,22  3-5;   Cornell^  20.313^;   Penn- 
sylvania, 20,42;  Coluuil)ia,  20.45  2-5;  Georgetown,  20.52  2-5;    Wi.sconsin,  21,01  l-o, 

June  29.  1905,— At  Poughkeepsie.    Four  miles.    Cornell,  20. 2. >  2-5;  Syracuse,  21.47  2-5;  George- 
town, 21,49;  Columbia,  21,53  4-5;  Pennsvlvania,  21.59  4-5;  Wisconsin,  22.06  1-5.  „  ..  -, 

June  23,  1906.— At  Poughkeepsie,     Four  miles.    Cornell,  19.36  4-5;   Pennsylvania,  19.43  4-6; 
Syracuse,  19.  45  1-5;  Wisconsin,  20. 13  4-5;  Columbia,  20. 18  3-5;  Georgetown.  20,36. 

June  26.  1!)07.— At  Poughkeepsie.  Four  miles.  Cornell,  20.02  3-5;  Columbia,  20.04; 
Annapolis,   20.13  4-5;   Pennsylvania,  20.33  2-5,     Wisconsin,   Georgetown,   Syracuse. 

FRESHMAN    EIGHT-OARED— TWO    MILES. 

Winners,— 1000,  Wisconsin.  9.45  2-5;  1901.  Pennsvlvania.  10.20  1-5;  1902,  Cornell,  9.39  4-5; 
1003,  Cornell,  9.18;  1004.  Svracuse,  10.01;  1005,  Cornell.  0.35  2-5;  1000,  Syracuse.  9.513-5; 
1007.    Wisconsin,    9,58;    Syracuse,    10.03;    Pennsylvania,    10.04;    Columbia,    10.05  2-5;    Cornell, 

10.07  4-5. 

'VARSITY    FOUR-OARED— TWO    MILES. 

Winners.— 1000,  Pennsvlvania,  10..^1  1-5;  1001,  Cornell.  11.30  3-5;  1002,  Cornell,  10.43  3-5; 
1003,  Cornell.  10.34;  1004.  Cornell.  10.53  3-5;  1005.  Syracuse,  10.15  2-5;  1000.  Cornell, 
10.35  1-5;  1907,  Syracuse,  10,37  1-5;  Cornell,   10,40;  Pennsylvania,   10.49;  Columbia,  10.59  3-5. 

IMPORTANT   REGATTA   RESULTS   IN   1007. 

May  11,— Columbia  'Varsity  eight-oared  defeated  Harvard  on  the  Charles  River,  Boston, 
by  three-quarters  of  a  length  over  a  course  of  a  mile  and  seven-eighths,  Columbia's 
time.   9.16. 

May  18,— Annapolis  eight  beat  Columbia  at  Annapolis  a  length  and  a  half  over  a  two- 
mile   course.     Winner's  time,    10.33  4-5. 

May  25. — American  Rowing  Association,  at  Philadelphia.  One  mile  550  yards.  Pair- 
oared  shells— Dunn  and  Fuessel,  New  York.  8.20.  Eight-oared— New  York  A.  C,  6.32  1-5 
(new  record).  Singles — D.  Miller,  New  York  A.  C,  8.28,  and  Freas.  West  Philadelphia, 
8,33.  Second  eight-oared— Yale,  0.54  4-5.  Octuple— Vesper  B.  C,  Philadelphia,  6.46  4-5. 
Four-oared  sculls— Philadelphia  B.  C.  7.22.  Four-oared  shells— Bachelor  B.  C,  Philadel- 
phia,  7.31%.      Junior  Collegiate   eight-oared— Yale,    7.36. 

May  30.— Harlem  Regatta.  Juniors— Singles,  J.  A.  Miller,  New  York  A.  C. ;  Centipede, 
Nonpareil  B.  C;  eight-oared.  First  Bohemian  B.  C. :  four-oared.  Columbia  I^niversity; 
double  sculls,  Emery  and  ^'pencer,  Hudson  B.  C.  Intermediate— Singles,  H.  Hart,  Wya- 
noke  B.  C. ;  four-oared  gigs,  Columbia  University;  double  sculls,  Breen  and  Ryan,  Harlem 
R.  C. ;  eight-oared,  Columbia  University,  Association — Singles,  A.  Scrymser,  Staten  Island 
B.    C.      Senior— Singles,    F,    Shepheard,    Seawanhaka    B,     C. ;    double    sculls,    Mulcahy    and 


Ice   Yacht  Club  Races. 


453 


ROWING— ConitHHcrf. 


Varley.  Atalanta  B.  C;  four-oared  shells.  Bachelor  B.  C.  Philadelphia;  eight-oared, 
Columbia   University.      Interscholastic — High   School   of  Commerce. 

July  4. — People's  Regatta.  Philadelphia.  Juniors — Singles,  Smith,  Vesper  B.  C,  Phila- 
delphia; double  sculls.  Undine  B.  C,  Philadelphia;  quadruple  sculls.  West  Philadelphia  B. 
C. ;  eight-oared,  Potomac  B.  C,  Washington,  D.  C.  Intermediate— Singles.  Doyle,  xWest 
Philadelphia  B.  C;  double  sculls.  West  Philadelphia  B.  C. ;  eight-oared.  West  Philadelphia 
B.  C.  Seniors—Quarter-mile  dash,  P.  Puessel,  Metropolitan  B.  C.  New  York,  and  F.  Shep- 
heard.  Seawanhaka  B.  C.  Xew  York;  double  sculls.  Bachelor  B.  C,  Philadelphia;  four- 
oared  shells.  Seawanhaka  B.  C,  New  Y'ork;  pair-oared.  Nonpareil  B.  C,  New  York; 
eight-oared,   New  York  A.   C. 

July  2-6. — Henley  Regatta.  Finals;  heats;  distance,  a  mile  and  five-sixteenths.  Dia- 
mond sculls— Won  by  Captain  Darrell,  First  Life  Guards,  from  McCulloch  in  8.r»7.  Stew- 
ards' Cup— Won  by  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  from  Leander  R.  C.  in  9.42.  Wyfold  Cup — 
Won  by  Magdalen  from  London  R.  C.  in  S.40.  Thames  Cup — Won  by  Christ  College, 
Cambridge,  from  Corpus  Christ!  College,  Cambridge,  in  7.45.  Visitors'  Cup— Won  by  Mag- 
dalen from  First  Trinity  in  8.07.  Silver  Goblets— Won  by  Leander  from  Thames  R.  C.  in 
8.52.  Ladies'  Plate— Won  by  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  from  First  Trinity,  Oxford,  in  7.44. 
Grand  Challenge  Cup— Won  for  the  second  year  by  a  crew  of  the  Sport  Nautique  du  Gand, 
Belgium,   from   Leander  B.   C.    in  7.31. 

August  9-10.— National  Regatta,  Philadelphia.  Finals;  heats;  distance,  a  mile  and  a 
half  straightaway.  Intermediate— Singles,  Alex  Warner.  Springfield.  Mass.,  9.36  3-5; 
double  sculls,  Johnson  and  McDowell,  Undine  B.  C,  Philadelphia.  10.35  2-5;  pair-oared 
shells,  Kuehne  and  Knapp.  Nonpareil  B.  C,  New  York,  9.40  4-5;  four-oared  shells,  Arundtl 
B.  C,  Baltimore;  eight-oared  shells,  Potomac  B.  C.  Washington,  D.  C,  7.44  1-5.  Associa- 
tion— Single  sculls,  Durando  Miller,  New  York  A.  C,  9.04  2-5.  Seniors— Championship 
single  sculls,  H.  S.  Bennett,  Springfield  B.  C  9.03  3-5;  pair-oared  shells.  Jakes  and  Tones, 
Argonaut  R.  C,  Toronto.  9.16  1-5;  double  sculls.  Jacob  and  Bowler.  Don  R.  C.  Toronto, 
8.18  1-5;  four-oared  shells,  Argonaut  R.  C,  Toronto,  8.10  1-5;  International  four-oared 
shells,  Seawanhaka  B.  C,  New  York,  8.11  2-5;  eight-oared  shells,  Argonaut,  Toronto,  7.25; 
Inter-City.   Octopede,   Philadelphia. 

Septen.ber  2. — Middle  States  Regatta.  Harlem  River.  One  mile,  finals.  Juniors — 
Single  sculls.  H.  von  Bartheld,  Metropolitan  B.  C,  New  York,  5.5114;  double  shells, 
Webb  and  White,  Pennsylvania  Barge  Club,  5.43;  four-oared,  Hudson  B.  C.  New  York, 
6.23;  four-oared  gigs,  Fairmount  R.  A..  Philadelphia,  5.15;  four-oared  barges.  Hudson 
B.  C,  New  York,  6.23;  octuple.  Harlem  R.  C.  New  York.  5.53;  eight-oared,  Staten  Island 
B.  C,  4.50.  Intermediate— Singles,  dead  heat.  Smith.  Vesper.  Philadelphia,  and  Miller, 
New  York  A.  C,  5.40;  double  shells,  Kuehne  and  Kuehne,  Nonpareil,  New  York,  ^.Tiy.^. 
four-oared  gigs,  Flushing  B.  C,  6.02i'2;  quadruple  sculls.  Nonpareil.  New  York;  eight- 
oared,  Atalanta,  Nev/  York,  4.55.  Association — Singles,  Thomas  McGee,  Ravenswood,  New 
York,  6.14.  Seniors— Singles,  D.  Miller,  New  York  A.  C,  5.33%;  doubles,  Dunn  and  Fues- 
sel.  Metropolitan,  New  York,  5.24  3-5;  four-oared  shells.  Seawanhaka,  New  York,  5.42; 
four-oared  barges.   Active  B.    C. ;   eight-oared  shells,   New  York  A.   C,   5.13. 

September  2. — New  England  Amateur  R.  A.,  Charles  River.  Distance,  a  mile  and  a, 
half;  finals.  Junior— Single  sculls,  J.  L.  Ryan,  West  End  B.  C.  Boston.  11.04;  four-oared, 
St.  Joseph  A.  A.,  East  Boston,  10.05.  Senior— Single  sculls,  E.  L.  Pope,  Boston  A.  A., 
10.22;    doubles,    Bennett   and   Warnock.    Springfield. 

March  23. — C.  S.  Titus,  national  champion  at  sweeps  and  sculls,  retired  and  began  to 
coach  Princeton   oarsmen   on   Carnegie   Lake. 

March  2.— George  Towns,  of  Australia,  defeated  Edward  Durnan,  of  Canada,  on  the 
Nepean  River,  Sydney,  N.  S.  W.,  by  three  lengths  for  the  world's  professional  sculling 
championship. 

August  4. — Webb,  of  New  Zealand,  defeated  Towns  for  the  championship  on  the  Para- 
matta by  two  lengths.     Time  for  two  miles   1,560  yards  was   20.07. 

FOR  CHALLENGE  PENNANT  OF  AMERICA. 


Date. 


Feb.  14,  1887 
Mar.  8,  lS8s 
Feb.  t'5,  1S89 
Feb.  5,1^92 
Feb.  9,  189-i 
Jan.  51,  189!^ 
Feb.  7,  1<<02 
*Feb.  13, 1902 


Name. 


J.ick  Frost. .  . 

Icicle 

Icicle 

Icicle 

Jack  Frost.. . 
Icicle 

\  Jack  Frost. 


Owner. 


Aroli'd  Hcg.'rs.. 
J.  A.  Roosevelt. 
.1.  A.  Roosevilt. 
J.  A.  Ro  -sevelt. 
ArchM  Rogers.. 
J.  A.Roosevelt. 

Arch'd  Rofrers.. 


Challeng- 
ing Club. 


H.R.I.Y.C. 
X.S.I.Y.C. 
X.B.I.y.C. 
X.S.I.Y.C.. 
O.L.I.Y.C. 
C.l.Y.C... 
X.S.I.Y.C.. 

x.s.i.Y.r.. 


Winning 

Course. 

? 

Time. 

Wind. 

Condi- 
tion o£ 

Club. 

H.  M.  s. 

Ice. 

H.R.I.Y'.C. 

P.l.Y.C  ... 

0.43.40 

Steady,  S. 

Hard 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

12 

o.:-;6.59 

Strong,  X.  W. 

Soft 

II.R.l.Y.C. 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

16 

11. SI  .41 

Steady,  X.  W. 

Hard 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

20 

0.46.19 

Strong,  N.  AV. 

Hard 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

20  0.49.30 

Steady,  S.  W. 

Hard 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

20  1  09.37 

Steady,  S. 

Soft 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

20  1.0-.\212-5 

Steadv,  S.  S.  E. 

Hard 

H.R.I.Y.C. 

H.R.I.Y.C 

20 

0.5:'..  24 

Strong,  X.  W. 

Hard 

AbreviationsExplaine.l.— P.l.Y.C. ,Poiighkeep?ie  Ice  Yacht  Club;  ().  l,.I.Y.C.,.Orange  Lake  Ice  Yacht  Club;  H.R.I.Y.C, 
Hudson  River  Ice  Yacht  Club;  C. I. Y.C.,  Carthage  Ice  Yacht  Club.  *Race  under  the  new  Deed  of  Gift.  No  races  have  been 
sailed  since  1902.  the  club  holding  the  trophy  having  received  no  challenge.  Contributed  to  Thh  World  Almanac  by  John  A. 
Roosevelt,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

In  the  races  at  Gull  Lake,  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  in  March,  1904,  the  Wolverine,  owned  by  Commodore  I>.  C.  Olin,  of  the 
Kalamazoo  Club,  won  the  Stuart  International  Trophy.  In  the  last  heat  over  a  iO-mile  two-point  co:irse,  the  time  of  th« 
Wolverine  was  42  minutes. 

IMPORTANT  RACES  IN  1907. 

At  Kalamazoo,  M!ch.,Febniarj' 24,  the  Wolverine,  owned  by  the  Kalamazoo  Tee  Yacht  Club, 
broke  all  world's  records  for  a  two-point  course,  sailing  20  miles  iu  39  luiiiutes,  50 seconds.  The 
boat  was  required  to  turn  every  two  miles. 

Imp  of  the  North  Shrewsbury  Ice  Boat  Club  won  the  third-cla.ss  world's  championship  pennant 
at  Red  Bank,  N.  J.,  :March  10,  sailing  20  miles  in  57  minutes,  17  seconds.  H.  S.  Teiliune  s  X.L. 
N.  C.  won  the  Board  of  Trade  Cup  for  the  South  Shrewsbury  Club.  Hazel  L  won  the  third  leg, 
sailing  a  15-mile  course  in  30  minutes.  43  seconds.    Red  Rover  won  the  Patten  luter-State  trophy. 


454 


Yachting. 


¥aci)tiug. 


Sir  Thomas  Lipton,  through  the  Royal  Irish  Yacht  Club  of  Dublin,  challenged,  in  Sep- 
tember, for  the  America's  Cup,  but  acceptance  was  refused  by  tlie  New  York  Yacht  Club  as 
custodian  of  the  trophy  on  the  ground  that  while  the  challenge  called  for  a  race  between 
yachts  in  Class  J  (G8-foot  rating!  the  conditions  under  the  deed  of  gift  require  competition 
by  boats  of  highest  type  (90-foot  rating).  Later  efforts  were  made  for  a  race  by  the  Royal 
Swedish  Yacht  Club  of  Stockholm  and  by  the  Brooklyn  Yacht  Club,  the  latter  offering  a 
trophy  for  an  international  race  of  70-footers. 

INTERNATIONAL    RACES    FOR    THE    AMERICA'S    CUP. 


Date. 


Course. 


American 
Yaclit. 


Aiig.2j,  1^51 
Aug.  8,  1870 
Oct.  16,  1871 
Oct.  18,  1871 
Oct.  19,  1871 
Oct.  i21,  1S71 
Oct.  23,  1S71 

Aug.  11,1876 
Aug.  12,1876 


Nov. 

Nov. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Sept 

Sept 

Sept 

Oct 

Oct. 

Oct 

Sept 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Aug 

Aujc. 

Sept 


9,  1881 
,  10,18S1 
,  14,1885 
.16,1885 
.  S.lSSli 
.  11,1886 
.27,1887] 
.30.18871 

7,  189:;; 

9,  18H3 
13,  1893 
.    7.1S95 

10,1'?95 
.12,1895 

16,  18911 

17,  1899 
•JO,  1899 
.28,1901 

3,  1901 

4,  1901 
.22. 1903 
27, 1903 
.  3,  1903 


Aiouiul  Isle  ot   Wight 

New  York  Y.  C.  course. .., 
New  York  Y.  C.  course . . . , 
20  in.  windw.irJ  aud  back. 
New  York  Y.  C.  cours;..., 
20  in.  windward  and  back. 
New  York  Y.  C.  course. . . . 

New  York  Y.  C.  course. . . . 

20  m.  windward  and  back. 

New  York  Y.  C.  course . . . . 
16  m.  leeward  aud  back... 
New  York  Y.  C.  course . . . . 
20  m.  It-eward  and  back... 
New  York  Y.  C.  course. . . . 
20  in.  leeward  and  back... 
New  York  Y.  C.  course. . . . 
20  in.  windward  and  b.ack. 
15  in.  windward  and  back. 
30  in.  triangular  course  . . . 
15  in.  windward  aud  b.ack. 
15  111.  windward  and  back. 
30  in.  triangular  course.... 
15  m.  leeward  and  back. . . 
15  111.  windward  and  back. 
30  111 .  triangular  course . . . . 
15  in.  leeward  and  back... 
15  in.  windward  and  b.ack. 
HO  m.  triangular  course. . . . 

15  m.  leeward  and  back 

15  m.  windward  and  back. 
30m.  triangular  course... 
15  m.  leeward  and  back.. 


[America . . . 

Magic 

Columbia  •. 
Columbia  .. 
*Columbia. 
Sappho  .. . . 
.Sapplio  . . . . 

Madeleine  . 

Madeleine  . 

[Mischief.  . 
Mischief .  . 
I'uritau. . . . 
Puritan. . . . 
Mayflower. 
Mayflower  . 
Volunteer. . 
Volunteer. . 
Vigilant  .. , 
Vigilant  . . . 
Vigilant  .  . 
Defender  .. 
Defender  . . 
Defender  . . 
Columbia  . . 
Columbia  . . 
Columbia  . . 
Columbia  . . 
Columbia  . . 
Columbia  . . 
Ueliance..  . 
Keliance..  . 
Iteliance..  . 


Time. 
H.  M.  s. 


10.37 

3.58 
6.19 
3.07 
4.17 
.5.39 
4.46 


00 

1:6  2-10 
.41 
.42 
.35 
.02 
.17 


5.23.54 


r.18.46 


4.17 

AM 
6.116 
.5.03 
5.26 
6.49 
4.53 
5.42 
4.'i5 
3.25 
:{.24 
4.59 
.•:.55 
4.4:; 
4.53 
3.-'7 
3. 38 
4.30 
3.1." 
4.32 
3.32 
3.14 
4.28 


.09 

.53 

.05 

.14 

.41 

.O'l 

.is 

.56  j^ 

.47 

.111 

.39 

.54  9-1  u 

.56 

.43 

..=.3 

.00 

.119 

.24 

.35 

.57 

.17 

.54 

.06 


English 

Time. 

Yacht. 

n;  M.  s. 

Aurora 

111. 55. 10 

Cambria 

4.37.38  9-10 

Livonia 

6.46.45 

Livonia 

3.18.15 

Livonia  

4. 02. -.'5 

Livonia 

6.09.23 

Livonia  

5.11.44 

Countess  of    > 
Duti'erin     J 

5.34.53 

Countess  of    ) 
DulTerin     J 

7.46.00 

Ataianta 

4.45.39K 

Atalanta 

5.33.47 

Gencsta 

6.2-.'.  24 

Genesta 

5.04.52 

Galatea 

5.38.43 

G:ilatea 

7.18.09 

Thistle 

5.12.41^^ 

Thistle 

5.r4.45 

Valkvrie  11... 

4.11.35 

Valkvrie  H... 

3.35.36 

Valkvrie  II... 

3.25.19 

V.alkVrie  111.. 

5.08.44 

V.alkvrie  III.. 

f  di.«qualified 

Valkvrie  III.. 

witliilrew 

Shamrock  I... 

5.04.01 

Shamrock  I. .. 

disabled 

Shamrock  I. . . 

3.44.43 

Shamrock  II. . 

4.31.44 

Shamrock  11.. 

3.16.10 

Shamrock  11. . 

4. 3:!. 38 

Shamrock  III. 

3.:;9.20 

Shamrock  III. 

3.16.13 

Shamrock  III. 

Resnlt. 


Am.bo.it  first  home  by  18.00. 
10  American  boat  won  by  39.12. 
American  boat  won  by  27.04. 
American  boat  won  by  10.33. 
*  English  boat  won  by  15. in, 
Ainericau  bo.at  won  by  30.21. 
American  boat  won  by  25.27. 

American  boat  wou  by  10.59. 

Ainericin  boat  won  by  27.14. 

Anierir.<in  boat  won  by  28. ""K- 
American  boat  won  by  38.54. 
Anii-ricaii  boat  won  by  16.19. 
American  boat  won  by    1 .38. 
American  bnat  won  by  12.02. 
American  boat  won  by  29.''?. 
American  boat  won  by  19.23^, 
American  boat  won  by  11.48^. 
American  boat  won  by   5.48. 
American  boat  won  by  10.35. 
Amcvioan  boat  won  by      .40. 
American  boat  won  by8.4'.»  1-10. 
American  boat  won  on  foul. 
American  boat  had  walkover. 
American  boat  won  b.v  10.08. 
American  boat  had  walk  over. 
American  boat  won  by  6.34. 
American  boat  won  by  1 .20. 
American  boat  won  b.v  3.35. 
J  American  boat  won  bv  .41. 
American  boat  won  by  7.03. 
American  boat  won  by  1.19. 
En;:lish  boat  lost  in  fog. 


♦Columbia  disabled,  but  fiui.shed  race,  t  Valkyrie  III.  fouled  Defeml  >r,  and  the  race  was  aw.<irded  to  American  boat,  th'-'u<rh 
the  challenger  finished  47  sees,  .ahe.id  in  3.55.09.  ifSh  imr^ick  II.  liiiishe  1  first,  but  lost  race  on  time  allowance  of  4Z  sees.  The  Ue- 
liance allowed  ihe  Shamrock  III.  Im.  579.  in  all  their  races,  Reliance  measuring  108.41  ft.  and  Shamrock  III.  104.37  ft.  In  the 
preliminary  trials  between  Keliance,  Constitution,  and  Columbia  the  Constitutieu  won  three  races,  although  Keliauce  was 
selected  as  the  Cup  defender. 


BONDER  KLASSE  RACES. 
Ten  boats  competed  in  the  pi-eliminary  races  off  Marblehead,  Mass.,  in  June,  and  three 
— Chewink  (F.  G.  Macomber,  Jr.).  Marblehead  (Sumner  Foster),  and  Spokane  (J.  I^ewis 
Stackpole)— were  selected  for  the  German-American  races  for  the  Kaiser's  Cup  at  Kiel  in 
August.  The  German  boats  won  as  follows:  First  race,  Wittlesbach  (Paul  Francke);  second 
race,  Tilly  (Prince  Henry  of  Prussia);  third  and  fourth  races,  Wansee  (Otto  Protzen).  Wan.see 
won  the  fifth  race  and  the  cup,  the  American  boats  being  withdrawn.  Later  the  American 
boats  went  to  Bllboa,  Spain,  where  one  race  for  the  King's  Cup  was  won  by  Spokane  and 
the  next  three  by  the  Spanish  boat  Doriga  Santi  Chouta. 

CUP   RACES   AT   JAMESTOWN. 

Races  for  the  King  Edward  and  other  cups  wei-e  sailed  off  Hampton  Roads  September 
11-20.  Roy  A.  Rainey's  schooner  Invader  finished  first  in  the  400-mile  race,  from  Green- 
wich, Ct.,  to  a  point  off  Cape  Henry,  in  the  elapsed  time  of  CS.37.50.  George  Lauder's 
schooner  Endymion  was  second,  in  7o.24.15.  On  time  allowance  Robert  Olyphant's  4.3-foot 
water-line  schooner  Venona  won  the  race,  her  elapsed  time  being  78.09.13  and  corrected 
time  G3.48.00.  Capsicum,  C.  Sherman  Hovt,  Seawanhaka-Corinthian  Y.  C,  New  York,  won 
the  King's  Cup  for  22-footers,  and  Sue.  E.  F.  Luckenbach.  Atlantic  Y.  C.  New  York,  the 
Roosevelt  Cup  for  27-footers.  Eleanor,  F.  F.  Fabyan,  Eastern  Y.  C,  Boston,  won  the 
Lipton  Cup. 

KING'S  AND  ASTOR  CUP  RACES. 

The  second  race  for  the  cup  presented  by  King  Edward,  and  won  in  1906  bv  P.  F. 
Smith's  sloop  Effort,  was  sailed  under  the  auspices  of  the  New  York  Y.  C.  off  Newport 
August  17  and  was  won  by  the  Hen-e.shoff  schooner  Queen,  owned  by  J.  Rogers  Maxwell, 
and  sailed  by  his  son  Harry.  Queen  sailed  the  35M!-mile  cour.se  in  the  elapsed  time  of  3hr. 
40m.,  beating  her  closest  competitor.  Morton  F.  Plant's  schooner  Ingomar,  by  3m.  2Ss. 
Queen's  corrected  time  was  3.30.32.  Allowances  were  made  on  a  90-foot  racing  measurement. 
Corrected  time  of  other  yachts  (all  sloops)  were:  Avenger,  3.43.24;  Istalena,  3.43.43;  Aurora, 
3.4G.17;   Winsome.   3.46.30;   Neola,  3.51.27. 

The  Astor  Cup  races,  under  the  auspices  of  the  New  York  Y.  C.  were  sailed  off  New- 
port August  15,   the  cup  for  schooners  being  won  by  Frederick  F.   Brewster's  Elmira,   and 


Trap  Shooting.  455 


YACHTI  NTr— c:'07*7m»<rfZ. 


tliat    fur    tlie   sloops    by   Robert   W.    Emmons's    Avenger.      Fluky   winds    provailed    over    the 
course  of  3Si^  miles.     Elmira's  corrected  time  was  5.24.38  and  Avenger's  5.17.40. 

BERMUDA   OCEAX    RACE. 

Twelve  yachts  started  in  the  Bermuda  ocean  race  from  Gravesend  Bay,  Brooklyn,  to 
Hamilton,  Bei-muda,  June  5-10.  The  distance  was  050  nautical  miles.  The  schooner  Uervish. 
H.  A.  Morss,  Corinthian  Y.  C.  of  Philadelphia,  won  the  Maier  Cup,  first  prize  for  yachts  of 
50  to  90  feet  racing-  length,  and  the  yawl  Lila,  R.  D.  Floyd,  Brooklyn  Y.  C,  won  the  Three 
Clubs'  prize  (Brooklyn.  New  Rochelle,  and  Royal  Bermuda)  for  boats  under  50  feet  racing 
length.  The  corrected  time  of  Dervish  was  OOhr.  20m,  and  that  of  Lila  07hr.  5m.,  the 
former  having  an  allowance  of  an  hour  and  a  half  and  the  latter  six  and  three-quarter  hours. 

Seneca,  Rochester  Y.  C.'s  defender  of  the  Canada's  Cup.  defeated  Adele,  the  Royal 
Canadian  Y.  C.'s  challenger  in  thi-ee  straight  races  at  Charlotte,  Lake  Ontario,  August 
10,  12  and  13. 

Cherry   Circle,    owned  by   the  Chicago  A.    A,   syndicate,   for  the  second  time   won   the 
Lipton  Cup  for  21-footers  on  Lake  Michigan. 


"William  H.  Herr  won  the  national  yearly  average.  He  shot  at  14,055  flying  targets  in 
competition,  breaking  96.3,  a  world's  record.  Mr.  Herr  is  a  U.  M.  C.-Remington  profes- 
sional. 

The  national  shoots  given  by  the  Interstate  Association  for  the  promotion  of  trap  shoot- 
ing proved  a  great  success,  1,025  competing  in  the  five  tournaments.  The  winners  and 
scores : 

Southern  Interstate  Handicap,  at  Richmond,  in  May.  Preliminary  Handicap— Won  by 
R.  J.  Stokley,  scoring  .92,  and  19  ex  20  on  shoot-off.  Southern  Handicap— Won  by  G.  S. 
McCarthy,  scoring  .92,  and  38  ex  40  on  shoot-off. 

Grand  American  Handicap,  at  Chicago,  in  June.  Preliminary  Handicap— Won  by  George 
Lyon,  scoring  .90.  Grand  American  Handicap— Won  by  J.  J.  Blanks,  scoring  .96.  Amateur 
championship — Won  by  Hugh  Clark,  scoring  198  ex  200.  Professional  championship— Won  by 
William  Crosby,   scoring  192  ex  200. 

Eastern  Interstate  Handicap,  at  Boston,  in  July.     Preliminary  Handicap — Won  by  D.  A. 
Upson,   scoring   94  ex   100  and   19   ex  20  on   shoot-off.      Eastern   Handicap— Won   by   Horace 
•  Bonser,  scoring  .93,  and  20  straight  on  shoot-off. 

Western  Interstate  Handicap,  at  Denver,  in  August.  Preliminary  Handicap— Won  by 
Henry  Anderson,  scoring  .98,  and  39  ex  40  on  shoot-off.  Western  Handicap— Won  bv  Tom 
Graham,  scoring  .99.  J.  M.  Hughes  made  the  best  amateur  average  of  .97,  and  William 
Herr  the  best  professional  average  of  .97. 

-     Pacific    Coast    Handicap,    at    Spokane,    in    September.      Preliminary    Handicap— Won    by 
Frank  Bartoe,  scoring  .88.     Pacific  Coast  Handicap— Won  by  M.  B.  Herisler,  scoring  .93.  ' 

STATE  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
Delaware— Won  by  A.  B.   Richardson.   Dover. 
Arkansas— Won  by  A.  L.  Willis,  Pine  Bluff. 
Kansas— Won  by  Henry  Anderson,  Salina. 
Illinois  (amateur)— Won  by  J.  B.  Bartoe,  Chicago. 
West  Virginia— Won  by  T.  H.  Xeill,  Fairmont. 
North  Carolina— Won  by  C.  C.  Bates. 
Pennsylvania— Won  by  S.  W.  Bilsing,  Pittsburgh. 
Kentucky— Won  by  T.  H.  Clay. 
Indiana— Won  by  Edward  Foust,   Warren. 
Iowa  (amateuri— Won  by  O.  N.  Ford.  Central  Citv 

^      Ohio  (amateurj— Won  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Van  Fossen,  Columbus.     Ohio  State— Won  by  John  R. 

iayLor,  Xewark.  • 

New  Jersey  (amateur)— Won  by  George  R.  Piercy,  Jersey  City. 
Nebraska— Won  by  Charles  Holzworth. 
New  York — Won  bv  H.   E.  Welles. 
Arizona — Won  by  J.  G.  Naquin. 

OTHER  TOURNAMENTS. 
Sunny  South  Handicap  at  birds  was  won  by  E.  F.  Forsgard,  killing  25  straight. 
Mprr      """^^^"^'^     v.-°    ^^®  Metropolitan  Clubs  was  shot  at  Montclair,  N.  J.,  and  won  by  John 

/ir;^w^,.™'^P?^'*^"  ^r"^,l®¥i'  Championship  of  Greater  New  York  was  won  by  J.  H.  Hen- 
arickson.  wno  scored  .8*   m  a  severe  wind  storm 

W-orThv  w^''^''^Q!°>i,°^  ^atkmal  Rifle  Association  shoot.     Individual  Military  Championship- 
vvon  Dy  ]A     1.   bmith.     National  team  match— won  by  the  Navy  team    ten  teams  comrjetin" 
-W^n' b^W^  I!' Berg.  ^^^"^  n^^tch-Won  by 'Squadron  A,  of  New  YoVkf    pSden^-T'matci; 

0^q^"fi^ptTf"nTJlift^"'  "'^^''''  ^^  ^"''^  Lavaca,  Tex.,  January  31,  the  participants  averaged 
r,'-^-^-!^'  at  160  targets,  regular  programme  events  including  ten  doubles,  as  follows:  Barkely, 
Mrs.  Topplrweiti'  Y|i '^^^'■'  ^oung,  Irwm,  Merritt,  Heikes,  Crosby  and  Taylor,  152  each,  and 

Dionf  ^h'?i''"«  ^^nfr''ti/''T  *^^  Crescent  A.  C,  Brooklyn,  and  the  Yale  Intercollegiate  cham- 
The  '^cores-  K^'^r/rff  A^'r  T-o  home-and-home  .series  in  March,  both  won  by  the  former, 
ine^coies.     Crescent  A.   C,   4(2  and  467:   Yale.   410  and  46.".. 

0  10  P^nr?5''^?,?i'  i'l^"/l',i^*®."^  Championship  was  shot  at  Bergen  Beach,  Brooklvn,  October 
possible  100  TAP  Vn-M""^"^-  ^'Yi  ^-  ^-  Hendrickson  won  with  a  score  of  .87  out  of  a 
po.-,siDie  KJO.     J.  A.  R.  Elliott  scored  89  among  the  professionals. 


456 


Jloqiie. 


K\)t  <!D.vfoi'tr^(Kaml)iiT!jac  iiJoat  iiaccKi* 


Ykak. 

Date. 

Winner. 

Cour.se. 

Tim". 

Won  liy. 

1897...... 

Aprils  

March  26 

March  25 

March  31 

Marcli  30 

March  23 

April  1         

Oxford 

Putney  to  :^fortlake 

Putney  to  ifortLike 

Putney  to  Jlortlake 

Putney  to  INIonlake 

Putney  to  IMortlake 

Putney  to  Jlortlake 

Putney  to  Mortlake 

Putney  to  Mortlake 

Putney  to  Mortlake 

Putney  to  INloitlake 

Putney  to  Mortlake 

M. 

19 

r>.> 
21 

18 
22 
19 
19 
'.il 
2<) 
19 
20 

11  4-5 
15 
4 

47 

31 

9 

34 
35 
24 
26 

2>^  lengths. 
12  lengtli.s 

1898 

Oxford 

1899 

1900 

1901 

Cambridge 

Cambridge 

(Jxford 

Si^  lengths. 
\Von  easily. 
2-5  lengths. 

1JH)2 

1903 

Cambridge 

Cambridge 

Cambridge 

Oxford... 

Cambridge 

Cambridge 

Won  easily, 
rtleiiglhs 

Ii04 

3905 

March  26 

.April  1 

4>^  lengths. 
3  lengths. 

iy(H3 

April  7         . 

1907 

- 

March  16 

4>^  lengths. 

The  above  table  covers  ten  years  of  the  sixl.v-four  in  which  the  race  has  been  rowed.  The  dis- 
tance is  about  four  miles,  and  the  best  time  is  18.47,  made  by  Oxford  iu  1893  and  equalled  by  Cam- 
bridge iu  1900. 


(Compiled  by  John  Fischer, Secretary  The  International  Federation   of  American  Homing 

I'igeou  Fanciers.) 

CHAMPION   RECORDS-OLD   BIRDS. 


Distances. 


100  miles, 

200  " 

300  " 

300  '♦ 

500  " 

600  " 

700  " 

836  ' « 

1004  *• 


Speed. 
Yaril3  per  Minute. 


2511-87 

1S03-59  

1848-00  

1703-61 

1608-04  

1612-23  

1546-97  

2udd.,  5.11  P.  M,.., 
2ds..  5h.,  SOniin. 


28  sees . 


Year 


Owner. 


1900 
1897 
1896 
1905 

1898 
1907 

1898 
19U2 
1907 


\V.  J.  Lautz  

C.  H.  Watchman. 

K  KoutT 

Wm.  Compa 

Wni.  J.  Lantz. ... 

Fred.  Maj' 

Wm.  J.  Lautz.  ... 
Reuben  Peters.... 
Dr.  J.  Schilling... 


Loft  3t— 


Butlalo,  N.  Y 

Baltimore,  Md 

Detroit,  Mich 

Pater.sou,  N.  ,1 

BuHalo,  N.  Y 

Minneapoli.s.  Minn. 

BuHalo,  X.  Y 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Ft.  Wayne,  Ind 


General  average,  100,  200,300,  400,  500  miles,  1394.63  S'ards;  1900.  Harry  Robertson, 
Brooklvn.N.  Y.  National  general  averages.  100.  200,  300,  400,  500,  600  miles.  1177,19  yards; 
1899,  Chas.  Bang,  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.  1222.48 yards;  1905,  F.  C.Herse.v.  Jr.,  Wellesley,  Muss. 
Average  percentage  nominated  birds,  80  per  cent.;  1906,  EUMoreton,  Newaik.N.  J. 

CHAMPION  EECORDS-YOUNG  BIRDS. 


Distances. 

100  miles. 

150  "  . 

200  *  *  . 

3(10  "  . 

400  '*  . 

500  "  . 

600  "  . 


Speed, 
Ynnls     per  Minute. 


1597-75. 
1800-95  . 
1875-45  . 
1665-25  . 
1060-97  . 
,1191-30  . 
I  557-78  . 


Year. 

Owner. 

1903 

Wm.  P  Belts 

1900 

F.  G.Thoii 

1894 

P.  G.  Clark 

1905 
1896 

F.  P.  Fetes 

.Tacob  Eberle  .... 

1904 

E.  B.  Walker    

1897 

(;.  W.  Schaefer 

Lof.  at— 


Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Rochester,  K.  Y 

Philadelphia,  Pa.. 

Builalo,  N.  Y 

Newark,  N.  ,T 

ButTalo,  N.  Y 

Cream  Ridge,  N.  J. 


General  average,  100.  150,  200  miles,  13.5<;.  73  vards;  1897,  Adolph  Bnsch,  Staten  Island. -N.  Y. 
National  general  averages,  1260. 13  yards;  1904.  Otto  Kregei-,  Patersou,  N.J.  Average  percentage 
nominated  birds,  b3J^  percent     1905,  PaulF.  Miller,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


3£loc)[ue, 


Tournament  results 
E.    Edward  Clark, 


The  annual  meeting  andtournament  of  the  Kaiional  Roque  Association  of  America  was  held  at 
Norwich,  Ct.,   beginning  the  third  Tuesdaj'  in   August.      F.    M.  Thompson,  Danbury,  Ct.    is  the 
National  President  and  N.  L.  Bishop,  K^orwicU  Ct  ,  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
were  as  follows: 

First  Division— H.    Bosworth,   New    London,    Ct. ,   champiorw    first   prize 
Springfield,  INIass.,  second  prize. 

Second  Division-W.  H.  Kidd,  Bridgeport,  Ct  .  first  prize;   H.   C.   Clark,    Springfield,  Mass., 
second  prize. 

Third  Division— C.  B.  Crowell,  Brattleboro,  Vl.,  first  prize;  J.  D.  Miner,  East  Greenwich,  R.I. 
second  prize 


Jiiiskct 


Ball. 


457 


iJaslut   iJalL 


Yale  won  the  Intercollegiate  championship  among  the  Eastern  colleges.  Pennsylvania 
and  Harvard,  because  of  a  disagreement,  forfeited  two  games.  The  standing  of  teams 
follow: 


Lost.     Per  Cent. 

1  .900 

2  .SOO 
4  .000 

Yale,     l!)ol-2 


College.  Won.     Lost. 

Harvard      -1  6 

Princeton    2  8 

Cornell     1  9 

and     1902-3;     Columbia,     1903-4 


Per  Cent. 
.400 
.200 
.100 
and     1904-5; 


College.  Won. 

Yale      9 

Columbia     8 

Pennsylvania     6 

Previous     winners     were: 
Pennsylvania,    190u-0. 

In  other  games  played  Dartmouth  beat  Harvard.  Yale  and  Pennsylvania  and  was  in 
turn   beaten  by   Harvard   and   Williams.     Yale   was   beaten   by   Williams,    74   to   G. 

\\'illiams  won  the  New  England  championship  with  a  record  of  seventeen  games  won 
and  only  one  lost,  Dartmouth  being  the  only  team  to  score  a  victory  over  the  champions. 
Gaines  won  and  lost  in  the  New  England  League  were  as  follows:  Williams,  5 — 1;  Dart- 
mouth. 4 — 2;  Brown.  2 — 4;  Wesleyan,   1—5. 

There  was  a  triple  tie  in  the  Western  Collegiate  League,  Wisconsin.  Minnesota,  and 
Chicago  each  winning  6  and  losing  2  games.  Purdue  won  2  and  lost  0.  while  IlITnois  lost  8. 
In  the  Southwest.   Baker  University,   of  Baldwin,   Kan.,   had  the  championship  team. 

In  the  Freshmen  Collegiate,  Harvard  beat  Yale,  2(>— 22;  Columbia  beat  Pennsylvania, 
25—17,  and  in  the  play-off  Columbia  beat  Harvard,  33—10. 

METROPOLITAN     CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

The  three  Metropolitan  Championships  had  the  following  results: 


UNLIMITED     CLASS. 


Team.  Won.     Lost. 

Brooklyn    Cent.    Y.    M.    C.    A 5  1 

Clg^k  House    4  2 

Xaviers      3  2 

In   the   play   off   for   first   place   Brooklyn 
In  the  play  off  for  fourth  place  Gordon  House 


Team.  Won. 

Gordon    House    3 

Montclair  Y.  M.   C.   A 2 

Seventv-first    Regiment    0 

Central    Y.    M.    C.    A.    defeated    Clark 
defeated  Montclair  Y.   M.   C.   A. 


ONE  HUNDRED   AND  FIFTEEN  POUND   CLASS. 


Team.  Won.  Lost. 

University  Settlement   9  0 

Clark  House    7  2 

Christ    Church    7  2 

Gordon   House    6  3 

Boys'    Club    5  4 

Oxfords    4  5 


Team.  Won. 

National    Turn    Verein 3 

Anchor  A.   C 3 

Cathedral   B.    C 1 

Union   Settlement    1 

Central  Y.   M.   C.  A..  Brooklyn 0 


ONE    HUNDRED    AND    THIRTY    POUND    CLASS. 


Team.                                                    Won.  Lost. 

University  Settlement  10  0 

Clark  House   9  1 

Chri.st    Church    ^ . .   8  2 

Gordon   House    7  3 

Y.   M.   Hebrew  Association 5  5 


Team.  Won. 

Boys'    Club    5 

National  Turn  Verein 4 

Anchor  A.   C 4 

Cathedral   B.    C 3 

Union   Settlement    2 


Lost. 

3 

4 

5 

House. 


Lost. 
6 
6 
8 
8 
9 


Lo&t. 
5 
6 
6 

7 
8 


PROTECTIVE    LEAGUE    CHAMPIONSHIPS. 


Games    of   the   Protective   Basket   Ball    and   Athletic   Association   of   the   Eastern   States 
resulted   as   follows: 


LIGHTWEIGHT  CHAMPIONSHIP  OF  NEW 
YORK 

Team.                                                    Won.  Lost. 

Wanitas    6  0 

St.    Christopher   Alerts 5  1 

Wanderers    4  2 

Franklin   A.    C 3  3 

Pelham    A.    C 2  4 

Yorkville     1  5 

Nassau    0  6 

Portchester  A.   C Withdrew. 

LIGHTWEIGHT  CHAMPIONSHIP  OF  NEW 
JERSEY. 

Team.                                                    Won.  Lost. 

Diamond   Five    5  1 

Crescent   Juniors    4  2 

Association  Five    ^.  4  2 

Diamond    Juniors    3  3 

St.   John's   Institute   3  3 

Rubber  Five    2  4 

Kennawah  Club   0  6 


LIGHTWEIGHT         CHAMPIONSHIPS  OF 
BROOKLYN.    LONG    ISLAND.    AND 
STATEN    ISLAND. 

Team.                                                    Won.  Lost. 

Emeralds    0  0 

Nameless    Five    5  1 

Cedars    4  2 

Peerless  Five    3  3 

Keystone   A.    C 2  4 

Second  Signal  Corps,  Jrs 1  5 

Newkirk   A.    C 0  6 


FINAL    ROUND    LIGHTWEIGHT    CLxVSS. 


Team.  Won. 

Wanitas    3 

Emeralds     2 

Diamond   Five    1 


HEAVYWEIGHT    CLASS. 


Team.  Won.     Lost. 

Lauter    Five    6  0 

Loughlin   Lyceum    5  1 

Knickerbocker  Five    4  2 

Second    Signal   Corps 3  .'> 

The    Crescent    team   of   Paterson.    N.    .7., 
l)oth   cracks,    airanged    to   play  a   series   for 
game  a  disagreeint'Mt  arose  and   the  contest 


Team.  Won. 

Xenia  A.  A 2 

Ariel   F.    C 1 

St.   Thomas  A.  C 0 


Lost. 
0 
1 
2 


Lost. 
4 
5 
6 


and   Company   G 
the   championship, 
was  no't  settled. 


team   of   Gloversville.    N.    Y., 
but   after  each   had   won  one 


458 


Atitoi)(ohlles. 


^iitomoiJtles^ 


RECORDS  ON  TRACK  AND  ROAD. 

(Compiled  by  A.  G.  Batchelder,  Editor  of  "The  Automobile.") 

TRACK  RECORDS. 
Heavyweight  (1,432  to  3,:i04  Pounds)  Gasolene  Cars. 


Mii.es. 


I 
1 

2 
3 
4 
5 

.  6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
60, 
70, 
80, 
90, 

100, 

200, 

300. 

400. 

500. 

600. 

700. 

800. 

900. 

loot). 

1094 


3-16. 


Time. 

Driver. 

»  0.51  3-5 

Strang 

0.5'J 

Christie  , • 

1.46  2-6 

Oldfield  

2.39  4-5 
3.35 

Oldtield... 

Oldtield ,.. 

4.41 

Chevrolet    

5.22  2-5 
6.15  4-5 

Oldfield 

Oldlield 

7.09  1-5 

Oldliejd 

8.04 

Oldfield 

9.12  3-5 
14.03  3-5 

Oldfield 

Oldfield 

18.45  2-5 

Oldrield 

23.38  3  5 

Oldtield 

28.38  2-5 

Oldfield 

33.35  2-5 
38.31  4  5 

Oilfield 

OMfield     

43.30  4-5 

Ol.lfield 

48.40  1-5 

OMfield 

1.08.12  2-5 

Clemens •, 

1.19.33  2-5 

Clemens 

1.30.46  1-5 
1.42.14 

Clemens 

Clemens 

1.53.21  4-5 

Clemens 

4.03.56 

Vaughan 

5.58.52 

Vaughan 

8.20.09 

Vaughn  n .         

10.24.42 

V^aughan 

12.49.07 

Vaughan 

15.10.29  3-5 

Clemens  Merz  .       ... 

17.17.26  1-5 
19.44.48  1-5 
21.58.00  4-5 
24  hours. 

Clemens-Merz 

Clemens-Merz 

Clemens-Merz 

Clemens-Merz 

H.  P. 


'30 
130 

60 
60 
60 
90 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
30 
30 
30 
30 
30 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
30 
30 
30 
30 
30 


Machine. 


Mevt. 


Christie. . . 
Christip. . . . 

Peerless. . . 
Peerless. . . 
Pei'rless. . . 
Fiat....... 

Peerless. . ., 
Peerless., ., 
Peeiless. . . . 

Peerless 

Peerless.. .. 

Peerless 

Peerless , 

Peerless.  ., 
Peerless.  ., 
Peerless. .., 
Peerless.... 
Peerless.. .. 
Peerless. . .. 
National... 
National. .. 
National... 
National.., 
National.  , 
Decauville  . 
Decauville  , 
Decauville  . 
Decauville  , 
Decauville  , 
National. ., 
National. .. 
National... 
National.  . 
National. . 


Birmingham.. 

St.  Paul 

Los  Angeles., 
Los  Angeles. . 
Los  Angeles. . 
Empire  City., 
Los  Angeles., 
Los  Angeles.. 
Loa  Au-eles. , 
Los  Angeles., 
New  York . . . . 

Fresno 

Denver 

Fresno 

Fresno 

Fresno 

Fresno 

Fresno 

Fresno 

Indi.TuapoIis. 
Indian  apolis. 
Indiin  apolis. 
Indi.n  ap"lis. 
Indian  ripflis. 
Empire  City. 
Empire  City. 
Empire  City. 
Empire  City. 
Smplre  City. 
Indianapolis 
Indian  apolis 
Indian  apolis 
Io<Uan:ip"lis 
Indianai>olis  . 


Date. 


Octobf 

Septeuiber 

Decerotier 

Deiember 

I)ecembfcr 

.lime 

Dei  ember 

December 

December 

December 

Oct.  I  per 

Decemler 

No^  ember 

December 

December 

December 

Deci  mber 

Deceit  lier 

December 

Novimber 

November 

November 

November 

November 

June 

June 

June 

June 

June 

Novi  liber 

November 

November 

November 

November 


18,  1907 

7,  1907 

21,  1904 

21,  1904 

21,  19i4 

26,  1905 

21,  ISU-S 

21.  1904 

21,  19' 4 

21,  i904 

29,  IDOl 

1.:.  1904 

5,  1904 

13,  1904 

13,  1904 

13,  1904 

13,  1904 

13,  19U4 

13,  1904 

4.  1905 

4,1905 

4,  1'.  U.5 

4,  1905 

4,  1905 

2-),  1905 

24,  1905 

24,  1905 

24,  1905 

24,  1905 

17,  1905 

17,  1905 

17,  1905 

17,  1905 

17,  1905 


♦Official  acceptance  delayed. 

Middleweight  (881  to  1,432  Pounds)  Gasolexk  Cars. 


1.. 

2. 

3  . 

*. . 

5.. 

10.. 


0.56  2-5 
1.52  4-5 
2.49 


E.  Cedrino  , 
E.  Cedrino  , 
E.  Cedrino  . 


4.01  3-5    Tracy.. 


5.00 
*9.47  1- 


■  Vaughan. 
Cedrino.. 


Fiat , .Empire  City. 

Fiat Empire  City. 

Fiat JjEmpire  City. 

lienault Empire  City. 

Decauville Syracuse 

Fiat i Empi re  City. 


lOctober  27,  "  906 

.  lOctober  27.  1906 

.  joctober  27,  19o6 

.  {September  24.  1904 

.  Septe:nber  18,  19u5 

.  iMav  30,1907 


«11  miles,  10.46;  12  miles,  11.45  2-5 ;  13  miles,  12.44  1-5;  14  mles,  13.44  2-5  ;  15  miles,  14.45. 


Lightweight 

(551 

to  881  Pounds)  Gasolene  Cars, 

1 

*0.55           Kulick 

20         Ford 

20        Ford 

20        Fo-*d 

20        Ford 

20        Ford 

Empire  City 

Niiveraber     8,  1904 

2 

1.52           Kulick 

... .  Nc.\ ember      8,  1904 

3 

2.51          1  Kulick 

November      8,  1904 

4 

3.48  2-5     Kulick 

Empire  City 

Empire  City 

'October        29,  1904 

6 

4.43  3-5   '  Kulick 

October         29,1904 

♦Intermediate  mile. 


Steam  (All 

Weights). 

1 

0.64  4-5 
2.05  3-5 
3.05  3-5 
4.05  4-5 
4.58 
10.22  1-5 

Baldwin 

40 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 

1 Stanley 

Ueadville.         

September  14,  1907 

2 

IJoss 

Koss 

iStanlev 

Providence  

Scptembe-    10.  1904 
September   10,  1904 
September    10,  1904 
June             26,  1905 

3 

Sianlev 

Providence 

4 

Uoss 

Webb  Jav 

Stanley 

I'roviience 

5 

'White' 

AVhite 

10 

Webb  Jay 

Harlem  Track 

May              27,  1905 

STRAIGHTAWAY  RECORDS. 
/Fkee-fok-All,  Gasolene*. 


1  kilo 
1... 

2... 

5... 
W... 
15... 
30... 
50... 
100._^ 

Ikilo 
1  ••,. 


0.19  2-5 
0.30  3-5 
0.58  2-5 
2.34 
6.15 

10.00 

20.37 

38.51 


Chevrolet... 
'"lievrolet.. . 
I'emogeot  . . 
He  nery  .... 
MacDonald 

I.ancia 

Thomas 

Fletcher. . . . 


1.15.40  2-5  lEarp. 


200 
200 

200 
90 

110 
90 
80 
80 


D:irrac<i Or:nond,  Fla. 

Darracq Oimond,  Fla. 

Diracq Onnond,  Fla. 

D.-irracq  Onnond,  Fla. 

Napier Or.nond.  Fla. 

Fiat Ormond,   F'a. 

Mercedes Ormona,  Fla. 

De  Dietrich Onnond,  Fla. 

Napier lOrmond,  Fla. 


.Tanuary 
.fanuary 
.Tanuary 
. January 
.Tanuary 
.Trinu.iry 
.T^innary 
January 
January 


25.  1906 
25,  19(16 
2'.t,  19U6 
24,  19U6 
24.  ro6 
29,  1906 
31,  1905 
31,  1905 
27,  1906 


Free-for-Ali.  Ste.am. 


0.18  2-5 

0.28  i-e> 


Marriott. 

Marriott. 


(Stanley lOrmond,  Kla (January      25,  1906 

ijtiinley jOrmond.  F!», iJanusry      2&,  1800 


Endurance  Records.  459 


AUTOMOBILES— Co  «//»«€:(?. 


EUKOPEAN     ROAD     RECORDS     IN     1007. 

Grand  Prix.  July  2,  Dieppe,  France — Nazzaro  (Fiat).  478.4  miles  in  6.4G.33.  Average, 
70.1,1  miles  an  hour.  Szisz  (Renault)  second  in  0.53.10,  and  Baras  (Brazier)  third  in 
7.0.J.0.J  3-5.  Duray  (De  Dietrich)  made  the  fastest  circuit,  in  37.54,  and  was  leading  in 
the  eighth  round  when  his  i-acer  broke  down.  Alfred  Clement  was  killed  while  training 
fur    this    race. 

Targa  Florio.  April  21,  Sicily — Nazzaro  (Fiat).  27!). 45  miles  in  8.17.00.  Average. 
;v3.45  miles  an  hour.  Dancia  (Fiat)  was  second  by  12  minutes,  and  Fabry  (Itala)  third 
of   45    starters. 

German  Emperor's  Race,  June  14,  Germany— Nazzaro  (Fiat),  500  kilometres^  (312 
miles)  in  5.34.i:U.  Average,  55.5  miles  an  hour.  Hautvast  (Belgian  entry)  with  a  Pipe 
cur  was  second  by  4.44,  and  Michel   (German),   Opel  car,   third. 

Ardennes  Circuit.  July  27,  Belgium,  Grand  Prix  rules — Baron  de  Caters  (Mercedes), 
C.2!).10.      Average,   57.5  miles  an  hour. 

Ardennes  Circuit,  July  25,  Belgium,  German  Emperor  rules — Moore  Brabazon  (Min- 
erva),   0.14.5.      Avei"age,    59.8   miles   an   hour. 

Coupe  de  la  Presse,  August  7,  Disieux,  France— Renaux  (Peugeot),  4.32.56.  Distance, 
243. S   miles.      Average,   53.7  miles  an  hour. 

Twenty-four  hour  record,  one  car,  one  drivei',  paced,  Brooklands  Track,  June 
2S-2y— Edge   (Napier),    l,5lsl   miles.      Average  65  miles. 


ILactosise* 


The  annual  competition  of  the  National  Lacrosse  Union  of  Canada  for  the  Minto 
Cup,  representing  the  world's  championship,  was  won  by  the  Shamrock  Lacrosse  Club 
of  Montreal,  winning  ten  games  in  a  twelve-game  schedule.  Tecuinseh,  second,  won  nine 
games,  and  Cornwall,  third,  seven  games.  The  National,  Toronto,  Montreal  and  Capitol 
clubs   were   the   other   contenders. 

Cornell  won  the  championship  of  the  United  States  Intercollegiate  Lacrosse  League 
in   the  i^orthern  Division  and  Johns  Hopkins  in  the   Southern  Division. 

The  Crescent  A.  C.  team,  of  Brooklyn,  played  the  best  lacrosse  of  the  year,  meeting 
the  college  teams  and  several  of  the  Canadians  in  thirteen  games  and  scoring  94  points 
to  45  for  opponents.  In  a  contest  with  the  Shamrocks,  of  Montreal,  the  Crescents  won, 
9  to  5.  Although  an  exhibition  game,  the  result  sitamped  the  v»-inners  as  one  of  the  best 
teams    in    the    world. 


2SnTrttrance  iiecortr.s. 

Long  Distance  Riding — Ten  miles  in  IS.  17  by  Mme.  Marantette  (changing  horses), 
Lansing,  Mich.,  1SS3.  50  miles  in  1.50.03  (ten  horses).  Carl  Pugh,  San  Bernardino,  Cal., 
1S.S3.  100  miles  in  4.19.40  (30  horses),  George  Osbaldiston,  England,  1831.  200  miles  in 
8  hours  (30  horses),  N.  H.  Mowry,  San  Francisco,  1868.  1,071  y2  miles  in  72  hours  (12 
hours  daily),   C.   M.    Anderson,   San  Francisco,    1884. 

Swimming  (Professional) — 20%  miles  in  5.51.00,  Fred  Cavill,  River  Thames,  London, 
July,  1876.  34  miles  in  9.39.00,  J.  Wolfe,  Heme  Bay,  England,  August,  1905.  35 
miles,  Dover  to  Calais,  English  Channel,  Capt.  Matthew  Webb,  Aug.  24-25,  1875.  40 
miles  in  9.57.00,  River  Thames,  with  tide.  Capt.  M.  Webb,  July,  1878.  74  miles  in  84 
hours  (14  hours  a  day),  Capt.  Webb,  Lambeth  Baths,  England,  May.  1879. 

Walking  (Amateur) — 10  miles  in  1.17.38  4-5,  W.  J.  Sturgess,  England,  1895.  20  miles 
in  2.47.52,  T.  Griffith,  England,  1870.  25  miles  in  3.40.20  and  50  miles  in  7.52.27.  J. 
Butler,  England,  1895.  100  miles  in  19.41.50,  A.  W.  Sinclair.  England,  1881.  One  hour, 
8  miles  439  yds.,  G.  E.  Larner,  England,  1904.  12  hours,  64  miles  180  yds.,  A.  W.  Sinclair, 
England,  1881.  1041/3  miles  (London  to  Biighton  and  return),  20.31.53,  H.  W.  Norton, 
1903.  Professional— 10  miles  in  1.14.45,  J.  W.  Raby,  England,  1883.  25  miles  in  3.55.14, 
W.  Franks;  England,  1882.  50  miles  in  7.14.r6,  J.  Hibbard,  England.  1888.  100  miles  in 
18.53.40.  Dan  O'Leary,  Chicago.  1875.  Greatest  walk  without  a  rest.  121  miles  385  yds., 
C.  A.  Harriman,  California,  1883.  144  hours,  531  miles  135  yds.,  G.  Littlewood,  England, 
1888.     Six  days,  12  hours  per  day,  363  m.   1.510  yds..  Joe  Scott,   England,  1888. 

Running  (Amateur) — 10  miles  in  50.40  3-5  and  11  miles  1,136  yds.  in  1  hour,  A. 
Schrubb,  England,  1904.  20  miles  in  1.51.54.  G.  Crossland,  England.  1894.  50  miles  in 
6.18.26  1-5,  J.  E.  Dixon,  England,  1S85.  100  miles  in  17.36.14.  J.  Saunders,  New  York. 
1882.  23%  miles  in  3.24.14  (road),  T.  E.  Hammond,  England,  1907.  100  miles,  Milwaukee 
to  Chicago,  in  18.33.00.  Albert  Corev,  Chicago,  1907.  Professional— 10  miles  in  51.05. 
H.  Watkins.  England,  1898.  25  miles  in  2.33.42,  L.  Hurst.  England.  1903.  50  miles  in 
5..55.04,  George  Cartwright.  England,  1887.  100  miles  in  13.26.30,  Charles  Rowell,  New 
York,  1882.  600  miles  in  135  hours.  George  Littlewood.  New  York,  1888.  Six  days  (142 
hours)  623  miles  1,320  yds.,  G.   Littlewood,   New  York.   1888. 

Skating— 25  miles  in  1.31.29;  50  miles  in  3.15..59;  75  miles  in  5.19.16;  100  miles  in 
7.11.38;   J.   F.   Donoghue,    Stamford,   Ct.,   January,    1893. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Throwing— Lacrosse  ball,  497  ft.  71^.  in.;  B.  Quinn.  Ottawa,  1902.  Baseball— 135  yds.  % 
in.;   Ed.   Crane.   New  York.   1884.     Cricket  ball— 347  feet;   J.   Van  Iffland,   Ottawa,   1883. 

Football— Place  kick.  200  ft.  8  in.;  W.  P.  Chadwick,  Exeter,  N.  H.,  November,  1887. 
Drop  kick — 189  ft.   11  in.;  P.   O'Dea.   Madison,  Wis.,   1898. 

Chinning— Pulling  body  up  by  little  finger,  one  hand,  six  times,  and  one  arm,  twelve 
times;  A.  Cutler,  Louisville,  Ky.,  18~8.  Both  arms,  thirty-nine  times;  A.  Mumford,  Cam- 
bridge.   1888. 

Boxing— Longest  fights,  James  Kelly  and  Jonathan  Smith,  614  hours  (bare  knuckles), 
Australia,  1789.  Largest  number  rounds,  276  (4i/.  hours).  Jack  Jones  beat  Patsy  Tunney, 
England,  1825.  Gloves— Andy  Bowen  and  J.  Burke,  7  h.  19  m.  (110  rounds).  New  Orleans, 
April,  1893.  Shortest  with  gloves— Battling  Nelson  knocked  out  W.  Rosser,  Harvey,  111., 
1902,  3  seconds.  Largest  stake— Jack  Coui^er  and  Woolf  Bendoff,  $22,500,  South  Africa, 
1889.  Largest  money— Corbett  and  Sullivan  (purse  $25,000,  stake  $20,000),  New  Orleans, 
1892. 


4C0 


Micycling. 


iiici)clinfl. 


(official  Uecords  compiled  by  U.  F.  Kelsey,  Cljairinan  Board  of  Control,  Xatinii.-il  Cycling  Associalioii.) 

AMERICAN    ROAD    RECORDS-AMATEUR. 

(Under  N.  C.  A.  Kules.) 


1>1-T. 

Time.     ( 
5.27  4-5  C 

Mr.e  By                               Pl;ice. 

rl)isT 
.    20  m 

Time. 

•Maiie  By 

Plac-. 

2  m. 

'.  A.  Sherwood,  X.  Y.  A.  C.  Valley  Stream,  L.  I 

55.03  C. 

!Cerent.  Koy  Wheelmen. 

Val.ev  Stream,  L.  I, 

5  m. 

14.09         C.  Xerent,  Itov  Wheelmen.  .lamai  a,  I..  1 

.    25  m 

1.03.10  Wm.  F.  Blum.  Chicago   ... 

Ch  c  go.  111. 

10  m. 

V4.08         H.Sch!iefer,  Dunkirk,  X.V.  Cle  e  .and,  <) 

.    50  m 

.  2.47.001c. 

A.  .Sherwoud,  X.  Y.  A.C. 

Allantiv;  Citv,-X..I. 

15  m. 

34.47  4  5  I.    Lewin,  C.   K.  C.  Ass'n.  Valley  Stream,  L.  I 

.  1 

1 

PROFESSIONAL    MOTOR-PACED    RECORDS 

IN    COMPETITION. 

Dkt. 

Time. 

Holler.        (         Place.          (        Date.        | 

PIST. 

Time. 

Holler. 
K.  A.Walth.ur 

Place. 

11 

ate. 

1  m. 

1.09  1-5 

Hu§rh  .M.Lean. 

Chas.Kiv.Park'Aug.  27,1903 

26  m. 

29.22  3-5 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Mav 

31,1904 

2  m. 

2.19 

Hii;;h  McLean. 

Chis.Kiv.Parli   .Aug.  27.1903 

27  m. 

30.30  15 

K.  A.Walthour 

Chas.Kiv.I'aik 

.May 

31,1904 

3  m. 

3.:n  3-5 

.lame*  Moran.. 

Chas.Kiv.Park  .Tune  28,1904 

28  m. 

31.37  2-5 

K.  A.W.althour 

(  has. Kiv. Park 

.May 

31,1904 

4  m. 

4.43 

H.Cal.iwell.... 

Chas.Kiv.P:irk  Sept.     1,1903 

29  m. 

32.48    - 

li.  A.Walthoir 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

M.MV 

31,1904 

4  m. 

4.43 

K.  A.Walthour  Chas.Kiv.I'aik  -May  31,190-1 

30  m. 

33.52  3-5 

K.  A.Walthour 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

.May 

31,1-Hi4 

5  m. 

5.51 

11.  A.Walth.jiir,Ch:is.Kiv.I'ark  May  31,1904 

31- m. 

36.26 

H.  Caldwell... 

Chas.Kix  .Park 

-.  pt. 

1,1903 

6  m. 

7.00  1-5 

li.  A.Walthonr  Chas.Uiv.Park  Mav  31.1904 

3!  m. 

37.37  1-5 

H.  Cal.iwell... 

Chas  Kiv. Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

7  m. 

8.07  3-5 

It.  A.Walthour 

Ch.as.Ki V.Park  May  31,1904 

33  m. 

38.48  4-5 

H.  Caldwe'l... 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

8  m. 

9.14  1-5 

K.  .\,Walthour 

Ch^is.Uiv.rark  May  31.1904 

34  m. 

39.5-:  3-5 

H.  Caldwell... 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

l,l!i03 

9  m. 

10.22 

K.  .A.Walthour 

Chas.Kiv.Park  .May  31,1904 

35  m. 

41.07  3-5 

H.  Caldwell... 

Ch.as.Uiv.Park 

Sept. 

l,19u3 

10  m. 

11.29  1-5 

K.  A.Walthour 

Chas.Kiv.Park  Mav  31,1904 

36  m 

■12.18  1-5 

H.  Caldwell.  .. 

(has. Kiv. Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

11  m. 

12.36  1-5 

U,  A.Walthour 

Chas.Kiv.Park  May  31,1904 

37  ra. 

43.-J8  1-5 

H.  Caldwell.  .. 

Chas. Kiv. P:irk 

Sept. 

1,1903 

12  in. 

13.43 

It.  A.Walthour 

Chas.Kiv.Park  May  31,1904 

38  m. 

44.39  1-5 

11.  Caldwell.  .. 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

."•  ept . 

1,1903 

13  ni. 

14.50  2  5 

U.  A.Wallhouv 

Chas.Kiv.Park  .May  31.1904 

39  m. 

45.49  2-5 

H.Caldwell.  .. 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

14  m. 

15.57  1-5 

li.  A.Walthour  Chas.Hiv.Park  .Mav  31,1904 

40  m. 

47.00 

n.  Caldwell... 
H.  Caldwell.. T 

Ch:is. Kiv. Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

15  m. 

17.03  2-5 

IC.  A.Walthour  Ch.as.Uiv.Park  Mav  31.1904 

41  m. 

48.10  4-5 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

Mm. 

18.1113-5 

K.  A.Walthour  Chas.Uiv. Park  Mav  31.1904  i 

42  m. 

49.21  1-5 

11.  Caldwell    .. 

Chns. Kiv. Park 

Sept. 

1,1003 

17  m. 

19.17  2-5 

R.  .A.Walthour 

Ch.as.Ki V.ParklMay  31,1904 

43  m. 

50.31  15 

H.  Caldwell... 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

18  m. 

2U  24  1-5 

K.  A.Walthour 

Chas.Kiv.ParkJMav  31,1904 

44  m. 

51.41  1-5 

H.  Caldwell... 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

'1,1H03 

19  m. 

21.30  4  5 

K.  A.AValthour 

Chas.Riv.Park  May  31,1904 

4i  m. 

52.50  4-5 

II.  Caldwell... 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

20  m. 

22.37  3-5 

K.  A.Walthour 

Chas.Kiv.Park  May  31.1904 

46  m. 

.^4.23  4  5 

H.  Caldwell... 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

21  m. 

23.44  3-5 

K.  A.Walthour 

Chas.Kiv.Park  May  31,1904      47  m. 

55.49  3-5 

H.  Caldwell... 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

22  m. 

24.51  4-5 

K.  A.Walthour 

Chas.Kiv.Park|May  31.1904  |   48m. 

,',7.21  1-5 

H.  Caldwell... 

(  h.as.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

23  m. 

35.59 

It.  A.^Valthour 

Chas.ltiv.Patk  Mav  31,1904  i  49  m. 

58.4:i  1-5 

H.  Caldwell... 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

24  m. 

27.07  3-5 

R.  A.Walthour  Chas.Ki v.ParklMay  31,19u4  1   50  m. 

59.59 

H.  Caldwell... 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

Sept. 

1,1903 

26  m. 

28.14  1-5 

K.  A.Walthour  Chas.ltiv.ParklMiiy  31,19o4,  llOO  m. 

2.48.11  4-5 

H.  Caldwell... 

l{evere,Mass. . 

Sept. 

8,19W 

Fastest  mile  in  competition,  1.06  1-5,  R.  A.  Walthour,  Charles  River  Park,   Mass.,  May  31,  1904. 

PROFESSIONAL    AGAINST    TIME-PACED    RECORDS. 


Mm.. 

0.20 

Major  Taylor... 

Chicago 

Xov.    9,1899 

2  m.. 

2.20  1-5 

.Joe  Xelson 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

-Aug.  27,1903 

^m.- 

0.27  4.5 

J.  S.  .Johnson... 

Nashville 

Oct.   29,1896 

3m.. 

3  30  1-5 

Joe  Xelson 

Chas.Riv.Park 

Aug.  27,1903 

•^m.. 

0.41 

Major  Taylor. . 

Chicago ... 

Xov.  10,1899 

4m.. 

4.41  1-5 

.loe  Xelson 

Chas.Kiv.ParklAug.  27,1903 

%in 

0..=>8  3-5 

W.W.  Hamilton 

Coronado,  Cal. 

Mar.    2,1896 

5m.. 

5.51 

Joe  Xelson 

Chas.Kiv.Park  Aug.  27,1903 

Im.. 

l.i'6  1-5 

R.  A.Walthour. 

Chas.Kiv.Park 

May  31,1904 

All  competition  records  upward  have  erased  time  trials. 

PROFESSIONAL    AGAINST    TIME-UNPAGED    RECORDS. 


Km 
J^m.. 

2&!! 

3m.. 


0.23  4-5  Iver  Lawson... 
0.34  1-5  W.AV. Hamilton 
0.51  1-5  W.  M.  Sam'lson 
1.14  1-5  W.  C.  Sang-r.. 
1.53  2-5  AV.M. Sam'lson. 
4.08  2-5  .W.M.Sam'Ison. 
5.32  4-5  IF.  J.  Titus..... 


Salt  LakeCity. 
Co  onado,  Cal. 

Ogden  

Denver 

Salt  Lake  City. 
Salt  Lake  City. 
Woodside  Park 


.July  4,1906 
Mar.  2,lS9ii 
.July  13,l!t05 
Xov.  16.1885 
July  25,1901 
July  21,1904 
July    2,1898 


4m. 

5m. 
10m. 
15  m. 
20m. 
!25m. 


8.50 

11. f4  1-5 
23.09  2-5 
35.03 
47.08  2- .5 
59.13  2-5 


F.  J.Titns iWoodsideParklJuly  2,1898 

Alex.  Peterson.  [Dayton,  Ohio.. lAug.  4,1902 

W.W.Hamilton  Denver,  Col...|July  9,1898 

W.W.Hamilton  iDenver,  Col...  July  9,lsi-8 


W.W.H;im  It  on;  Denver,  C<rf... 
W.W.Hamilton  Denver,  Col... 


July    9,1898 
July    9,U98 


1  hour,  25  miles,  600  yards,  W.  W.  Hamilton,  Denver,  July  9,  1898. 


PROFESSIONAL    HANDICAP-RECORDS. 

Distance. 

Time. 

Holder. 

Handicapper. 

Place. 

Date. 

Mmile 

J4  mile 

00.28  2-5 
00.53  3-5 

1.18 

1.21 

1.48  3-5 

3.41 

5.49 
10.15 
21.5.';  1-5 

J.  C.  Wetmore  

Vailsburg 

Salt  Lake  City 

Sept.  5,1904 
June  11,1907 

A.J.Clark 

W.  F.  Sims. 

F.  E.  Sihef-ki 

^  mile 

W.  Jose                 

Aug.  15,1898 

2^  mile 

F.  L.  Kramer 

A.J.Clark 

Iver  I^ftwson 

F.  K.  Schefski   

F.  E.  Schefski. 

Salt  Lake  City. 

Julv    5.1907 

1  mile 

Ogilen,  Utah 

Julv  17,1907 

2  miles 

F   E   Schefski 

S.ilt  Lake  City 

July  28,1906 

3  miles 

Iver  Lawson 

W.  S.  Fenn 

W.  S.  Fenn 

F  E.  Schefski 

Salt  Lake  City 

June  v2, 1906 

5  miles 

J.  C.  Wetmore 

.1   C.  Wetmore 

Aug.  25,1901 
July  27,1902 

10  miles 

Vailslturer 

PROFESSIONAL    COMPETITION-UNPAGED    RECORDS. 

A  handicap  record  is  recognized  as  competition  record   if  the   time  made   is  better  than  hai  been  made  in  any  scratch  race 
of  same  distance. 


DisT. 

Time,   j           Hobler. 

Plate. 

Date. 
May    1,1902 

DlST. 

Time.    1           Holder. 

Place. 

Date. 

Vim. 

0.28  1-5  F.  L.  Kr.amer 

Vailsburg 

3  m.. 

5.M5  3-5  Iver  Lawson 

Salt  Lake  City 

.Uilv  25,1906 

y,m. 

0.3s  2-5  E.C.Bald 

Charl'tte.X.C. 

Xov.    3,1897 

5  m.. 

9.48  1-5  Ernest  A.  Pye 

Og'len,  I'lah. . 

.luly  11,1906 

*y,m. 

0.54  4-5,  F.  L.  Kri.m.r 

Vailsburg 

June  15, 1902 

10  m.. 

21. •.9  3-5  W    E.  S:imuel.son.. 

Salt  LakeCity 

Aug.    5,1905 

•^m. 

1.22  4-5  C.  L.  Ho'lister.... 

Salt  lake  City 

Aug.  18,1905, 

15m.. 

33.44        F.L.Kramer 

Vailsburg 

Sept.22,1901 

*1  m. 

1.49  2-5  F.L.Kramer 

Vailsburg 

Sej.t.  11,1904  i  20  m.. 

46.06  1-5  E.  C.  Ilausman.... 

Mad-Sq.Gar.l. 

Sept.  28, 1901 

*2m. 

3.48         W.  E.  Samuel- on.. 

Salt  LakeCity 

Aug.    4,1905!  25  m.. 

57.52  4-5  F.  L.  Kramer 

Mad.  S(|.GHrd. 

Sept.  28, 1901 

*  Made  in  handicap. 


One  hour,  28  miles,  19  yards,  W.  Hedspath,  Dayton,  O.,  July  31,  1902. 


Jiicy  cling. 


401 


^\Q,XQ,\A^G— Continued. 


AMERICAN    COMPETITION-PROFESSIONAL    PACED    HOUR    RECORDS. 


II  Ks.  iM.     Vds.i 


Holder. 


Place. 


Dale. 


1.. 

..     50 

3 

ft 

..     77 

4!0 

3.. 

..  106 

900 

4.. 

..  137 

275 

6.. 

..  168 

910 

6   . 

..  -.97 

220 

7 .  . 

..  199 

220 

H. 

..  218 

440 

<» 

..  246 

440 

1(1.. 

. .  265 

11.. 

..  28'.i 

12.. 

..  312 

880 

Harry  Caldwrll..  Chas.Kiv  .Pk. 

.Iame>,  Jlorau Kevere 

Harry  Caldwell..  Kevere 

Hugh  JIcL.-an Kevere 

James  Moran Kivere 

Jnmes  Moral Kevere 

Chas.  Turville Salt  Lake  C'tv 

W.  F.  King ,.Salt  LakeCity 

W.  F.  King S:ilt  LakeCity 

VV.  F.  King Salt  LakeCity 

W.  F.  King Salt  LakeCitv 

B.  W.  Pierce IWaltham ". 


Sept. 
Aug. 
Sept, 
S,-pt. 
Sept 
Sept, 
Sept.  1 
.Sept.  1 
Sept.  1 

Sept.  1 

Sept.  1 
J"ly 


Hi:s.  |M.     Yds. 


1,1905 
8,1903 
5,19114 
5,1904 
5,1904 
5.1904 
5,19''l 
5,1901 
5,1901 
5,19111 
5,1901 
3,1899 


13  ... 
14.... 
15.... 
16.... 
17.... 
18.... 
19.... 
20. . . , 
-1.... 
22.... 
23.... 
24..., 


3:5 
855 
372 
;j97 
403 
l41f. 
-'32 
450 
466 
485 
507 
528 


Holder. 


1,540  \V.  F. 
W.  F. 
W.  F, 
220j\V.  F 
44u  \V . V 
.lohn 
.loha 
.John 
.lohn 
John 
.Tolm 


1,540 

66u 

220 
l,3-.'0 

925  John 


King 

King 

•  King 

•  King 

■  King 

Lawsoii.. . 
Liwsiin. . . 
L:iwson . . . 
Lawsou. . . 
Lawson. . . 
Liiwson. . . 
Lawgon. . . 


P,af. 


Date. 


Salt  LakeC  ty 
Salt  LakeCity 
Salt  LakeCity 
S  lit  LakeCity 
S.ilt  LakeCity 
\.0A  Angeles. . 
Los  Angeles. . 
Los  Angeles. . 
Los  Angeles. . 
I.os  Angeles.. 
Los  Angeles.. 
Los  Angeles. . 


Sept. 
Sepi. 
.Sepl. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
.luue 
.fune 
June 
June 
June 
June 
June 


15  ISOl 
15.19(11 
15,1901 
15  19(11 
15.191)1 
111,1900 
10,1900 
10.1900 
10,1900 
10,1900 
10.1900 
10,1900 


AMATEUR    HANDICAP    RECORDS. 


Distance. 

Time. 

HoMer. 

Han'.icapper. 

Place. 

Date. 

V  mile 

0.J9  ■■.-5 
0.38  4-5 
0.56  4-5 
1.24  4-5 
l.-,5  3-5 
4.06  4-5 
7.i'5 
10.36 

M.L.  Hurley 

J(,hn  C.  WetMiore 

K.  F.  Kelsey 

.Mav  30,1902 

J^  mile 

W.  S.  Fenn 

W.  De  Mara 

VV.  De  Mara 

J.  B.  Hume 

J.  B.  Hume 

K.  A.Carui 

.J.  B.  Hume 

llMrlford 

Sept.  3,190i 
Aug.  20,190: 
liilv  21  19o7 

Jimile 

F.  E.  Schefski   . 

Salt  L.ake  City 

( >a-den    lltih 

^mile 

F.  E.  Schefski ... 

F.  E.  Schefski.... 

1  mile. 

Silt  Like  Citv. 

hily  28.1906 
Vug.  25,190.1 
-ept.  11,1900 
\   g.    4, 1906 

2  miles 

P.  E.  Sihef-ki 

3  miles 

K.  F.  Kels,-y 

Brookside  Park 

Salt  Lake  Citv. 

6  miles 

F.  E.  Schefski 

AMATEUR    COMPETITiON-UNPACED. 


DisT. 

Time. 

.28  2-5 
.38  4-5 
.56  4-5 

1.18 

1.24  4-5 

1.55  ;i-5 

3.56  2-5 

5.57  1-5 

Hold-r. 

Place. 

Date.       , 

July  27.190JJ 
Sept.  3,IH00 
Aug.  20,1907, 
July     1,1901 
July  21,1907 
July  28,1 '.!06; 
July  18,1905; 
Aug.    3,1905| 

DiST. 

10  m. 
15  m. 
I'O  ni. 
25  m. 
30  m. 
40  m. 
50  m. 
75  m. 
100  m. 

Time. 

Holder. 

PI.Hce. 

Date. 

Vm. 
•km. 
»>^m. 

M.L.  Hurley... 

VV.  S.  Fenn 

\V.  DeMara  ... 
M.  L.  Hurley... 
VV.  De  Mara'.... 

J.  B.  Hume 

S.  H.Wilcox.... 
K,  Carter 

Vailsburj' 

Uaitf  urd 

Salt  Lake  City. 

Provi,lence 

Ogden,  Utah  . . 
Salt  Lake  Citv. 
Salt  Lake  City. 
Ogden,  Utah,.. 

•.1.2.J 

35.32 

45.40  2-5 
1.1 10.39 
1.13.36 
1.39.56  3-5 
2.05.00  4-5 
3.30.36  1-5 
4.57.24  2-5 

J.  P.  Linlev.... 
G.  H.Colle'tt.... 
E.  Stauder 

New  Haven... . 
New  York  City. 

May  30,1902 
Mav  3  ',1900 
Aug.    5.1i'00 
July  2-, 1901 
Aug.  25,1  !^99 
Auir.  25,1899 
Aug.  25,1899 
Aug.  25,18''9 
Aug.  25,1899 

»1  m. 

*2m. 

3  m. 

Ed.W.  Forrest.. 
.1,  P.  Jacob.son.. 
J.  P.  .lacobson.. 
.1.  P.  Jacobson.. 
VV.  Torrenee 

Vailsburg 

New  York  City 
New  York  City 
New  Y'ork  City 
New  York  City 

4  m. 

VV.  Torrenee. . . . 

New  York  City 

5  m. 

i6.31  2-5 

S.  H.Wilcox.... 

Ogden,  Utah.. 

June  28,1905 

*  Made  in  handicap. 


1  hour,  24  miles,  1,472  yards,  George  H.  Collett,  New  York  City,  May  30,  1900. 

AMATEUR    AGAINST    TIME-UNPACED. 


DisT.l    Time. 


Holder. 


Pl.ice. 


Mm.. 
14  m.. 
km. 

34  m.. 

%  m.. 


.25         Calvin  .Snow 1  Providence..  . . 

.25        |N.  C.  Hopper Salt  Lake  City. 

.33  2-5 1  A.  B.  Simons Deming 

.5:^  2-5  N.  C.  Hopper Salt  Lake  City. 

1.21  l-i  J.  G.  Heil Denver 

1.32  3-5  S.  H.  Wilcox Ogden,  Utah. . 


Date. 


Aug.  26.1896 
Aug.  19,l;i02 
May  26,l.Sfi6 
Aug.  7,1902 
July  31,1897 
July  20,1905 


D 

1ST. 

1 

m.. 

2 

m.. 

3 

m.. 

4 

m.. 

5 

m.. 

Holder. 


Time.   | 

2.00  2-51  John  Hume 

4.25        F.  S.  Dusenberg.. . 

6.39  1-5  F.  S.  Du-senberg.. . 

9.31  2-5  O.B.Hackenberger 

11.56  4-5  O.B.Hackenberger 


Place. 


Ogden,  Utah. 
Ottumwa,  la. 
Ottumwa,  la. 

Denver 

Denver 


Date. 


July  20.190.5 
Julv  24,1899 
July  24,1899 
Dec.  13,1895 
Dec.  13,1895 


AMATEUR    TANDEM    COMPETITION. 


Im. 


1.52  i 

4.53 


Hausman-Rutz.  . . . 
Wiko.'L-McCormack 


SaltLakeCity 


l|;^m. 

Au?.l,1905l!5m. 


5.47  2-5 
10.15 


Wilcox-McConnack 
Wilcox-McCormack 


SaltL.Citv 
Salt  L.Citv 


July  27,1905 
June  13,1905 


IMPORTANT    CYCLING    EVENTS    OF    1907. 

E.  A.  Hprr,  National  Turn  Verein  Wheelmen,  Newark,  won  the  nineteenth  annual  25-r.iile 
Trvinsrton-Milburn  road  race,  May  30,  in  Ih  14m. 17s.  He  had  a  6-minute  handicap,  \V.  Horton, 
Harrison,  N.  J.  and  .T.  Brennan,  N.T.  V.  W.,  Newark,  63^-niiMute  men,  were  secoiid  and  third  re- 
spectivelj\    Jame.s  Zanes,  N.T.  V.  W. ,  Newark,  won  time  prize  from  scratch  in  Ih.  10m.  44s. 

D' Arragron  won  the  100-kilometre  world's  profeswional  paced  champfonshin  at  Park  des  Princess 
track,  Paris,  .July  7;  time  lli.  18m.  22s.  Guig-nard  holds  tlie  record  at  Ih.  3.m.63-5s.  Meredith  won 
the  amateur  championship,  same  conditions,  in  Ih. 28m.  52s. 

HiiRh  McLean.  Chelsea,  won  tlie  30-mile  motor  paced  race  and  the  American  championship  at 
Revere  Beach  track  in  44m.  49  2-5s.     J.  Moran  was  second  and  R.  Walthour  third. 


THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  Sporting  Records 

are  authentic,  having  been  compiled  by 

experts  and  from  official  sources. 


402  Laion  Tennis. 


Haton  tennis. 


The  great  feature  of  the  tennis  season  of  lt)07  were  the  many  victories  scored  by  Miss 
May  Sutton  in  England,  and  the  game,  but  unsuccessful,  effort  of  Beals  C.  Wright  and 
Karl  Behr  to  win  the  Davis  Cup.  Miss  Sutton  defeated  Mrs.  Chambers,  Great  Britain's 
woman  champion,  C— 2,  G — 4.  She  won  for  the  third  time  the  eighty-guinea  bowl,  repre- 
senting the  Welsh  championship,  and  presented  by  the  Marquis  of  Bute,  besides  other 
trophies.  Wright  and  Behr  were  defeated  in  their  round  for  the  Davis  Cup  by  Brooks  and 
Wilding,   the  Australian.   0—4,   G— 4,   0—2. 

National  Indoor  Championship. — F.  B.  Alexander  and  H.  H.  Hackett  retained  their 
tit'e.  defeating  W.  C.  Grant  and  H.  L.  Westfall  at  the  Seventh  Regiment  Armory,  New 
York.  February  22,  7—5,  G— 1,  6—0.  Wylie  C.  Grant,  the  title  holder,  was  defeated  by 
Theodore  R.  Pell,  3—6,  6—3,  0—2,  1 — G,  6—0.  Miss  Elizabeth  H.  Moore  defeated  Miss  Marie 
Wagner  in  the  women's  singles,   6 — 2,  4 — 6,   6 — 2. 

National  Outdoor  Championships.— William  A.  Larned.  Annapolis,  Md.,  defeated  Robert 
Leroy,  Columbia,  New  York,  in  the  twenty-seventh  annual  tournament  at  Newport.  6 — 2, 
6—2,  6—4.  W.  J.  Clothier  defaulted  in  the  final,  and  Larned  secured  permanent  posession 
of  the  cup.     Results  in  previous  yeai'S  in.  challenge  rounds; 

Y'ear.  Champion.  Winner,  Year.  Champion.  Winner. 

18S4— R.   D     Sears.  1S96— R.   D.   Wrenn.  F.    H.   Hovey 

1SS5— R.   D".   Sears.  H     A.   Taylor.  1897— R.   D.   Wrenn.  R.  D.  Wrenn. 

1SS6— R.   D.    Sears.  G.'  M.   Brinley.  1898— M.  D.   Whitman.  W.   V.   Eves. 

1887— R.   D.   Sears.  R.   L.  Beeckman.  1899— M.   D.   Whitman.  * 

1888— H.  W    Slocum.  H.  W.   Slocum.  1900— M.   D.   Whitman.  J.   P.   Paret. 

ISSiJ — H.  W".   Slocum.  * 1901— W.  A.  Larned.  W    A.   Larned. 

1890— O.   S.   Campbell.  O.  S.   Campbell.  1902— W.  A.   Larned.  * 

1891— O.   S.   Campbell.  Q.   A.   Shaw.  Jr.  1903— H.   L.   Doherty.  R.   F.   Doherty. 

1892— O.  S    Campbell.  C.   Hobart.  1904— H.  Ward.  H.   L.  Doherty. 

1893- R.   D.  Wrenn.  F.   H.   Hovey.  1905— B.   C.  Wright.  * 

1894— R.   D.   Wrenn.  * 1906— W.   J.   Clothier.  B.   C.   Wright. 

1895 — F.   H.  Hovey.  M.  F.  Goodbody.  1907— W.   A.  Larned.  W.  J.  Clothier. 

*No  challenge  round;   champion  did  not  play. 

Gulf  States  Championship— Phelps  and  Logan,  New  Orleans,  defeated  Thornton  and 
Grant,    Atlanta,    6—2,    8—6,    2—6,    G— 1.      Singles— Nat   Thornton.    Atlanta. 

Women's  State  Tournament,  Pennsylvania— Miss  Edith  Rotch,  Boston,  defeated  Miss 
Eleanor   Sears,    Boston,   at   Philadelphia,    6—1.    6 — 4. 

Women's  National  Championship— Miss  Carrie  B.  Neely,  Cincinnati,  and  Miss  Marie 
Weimer,  Washington,  defeated  the  Misses  Wildey.  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  at  Philadelphia,  6—1, 
2—6.  0 — 4.  Miss  Evelyn  Sears,  Boston,  defeated  Miss  Carrie  B.  Neely,  Cincinnati,  in  the 
singles,   6—3,   6—2. 

Wimbledon  Double  Championships— Beals  C.  Wright  and  Karl  Behr  defeated  A.  W. 
Gore  and  Roper  Barrett,  8—10,  4—6.  6—1.  6—4,  6—2.  Miss  May  Sutton  defeated  Miss 
Meyer  in  the  woinen'-s  open  championship.   6 — 0.   6 — 3. 

Middle  States  Championships,  Singles— William  A.  Larned  (holder)  defeated  Raymond 
D.  Little  at  Orange  L.  T.  C.  New  Jersey.  3—6,  0—2,  6—2.  Doubles— H.  H.  Hackett  and 
R.    D.    Little  defeated   W.    A.    Larned  and  W.   J.    Clothier   (holders)   by  default.      Miss   Carrie 

B.  Neely  defeated  Miss  Marie  Wagner  vn.  the  final  round  of  women's  singles,  6—4,  6 — 3,  and 
won  the"  title  from  Mrs.   Marshall   McLean  by  default. 

New  York  State  Championship— H.  H.  Hackett  (holder)  defeated  H.  L.  Westfall,  10—8, 
6—4,    7—5.      Doubles— W.    C.    Grant   and    H.    L.    Westfall. 

Pennsylvania  State  Championship— W.  J.  Clothier  defaulted  to  J.  B.  Carpenter,  Jr., 
Germantown.      Doubles — W.   J.    Clothier  and   George   H.    Brooke. 

Long   Island   and   Metropolitan— Irving  Wright   and   F.    B.    Alexander. 

New  England  and  Connecticut  State— Theodore  R.  Pell  (by  default  of  Karl  Behr)  and 
Dr.   P.   B.   Hawk. 

Massachusetts  State  Singles  and  Bay  State  Doubles— R.  C.  Seaver  defeated  N.  W. 
Niles.  and  Johnson  brothers  defeated  Irving  Wright  and  E.  W.  Leonard. 

Western  Championships — Nat  Emerson.  Cincinnati,  holder  in  1905  and  1906,  defeated 
L.  H.  Waidner  at  Chicago,  6—4,  0—1,  0 — 3.  Miss  C.  B.  Neely  defeated  Mrs.  R.  Williams. 
7—5,   0— :j. 

Eastern   Championships — W.    A.    Larned   and   W.    J.    Clothier,   Philadelphia,    defeated   W. 

C.  Grant  and  H.  L.  Westfall,  Ne  v  York,  at  Boston.  6—4.  0—1,  5—7,  6—1.  Clarence  Hobart 
defeated  R.  Leroy  in  singles  (final),  3—6,  0—2,  (3 — 4,  6—2.  Hobart  defaulted  to  Larned 
(holder*   in  th».  challenge  round. 

Intercollegiate  Championship— W.  F.  Johnson,  Pennsylvania,  defeated  Arthur  Sweetzer, 
Harvard,  at  Newport.   7—5,   6—3,  7—9,  7—5. 

Match  Game.  West  vs.  South— H.  H.  Hackett  and  F.  B.  Alexander,  Western  cham- 
pions,  defeated  Thornton  and  Grant.   Atlanta,   at  Crescent  A.   C,   Brooklyn.   6 — 2,   6—1.  6—1. 

Canadian  and  Internationa!  Championships— Foulkes,  of  Ottawa,  defeated  Burns,  of 
Toronto,  at  Niagara-on-the-Lake,  fpr  the  Canadian  honors,  but  lost  to  Irving  C.  Wright, 
Boston  (holder),  in  challenge  round.  6—2.  6—3.  6—1.  Miss  May  Sutton  defeated  Miss  Edith 
Rotch.  Boston.  6—2.  6—1,  for  the  women's  international  singles.  In  international  doubles. 
Wright  and  Niles,  Boston,  defeated  Chase.  California,  and  Kirkover,  Buffalo,  6 — 2,  6—1, 
(3 — 3.  Canadian  women's  singles— Miss  Moyes,  Toronto,  beat  Miss  Hague.  Montreal,  6—3. 
6—2,  6—3.  Canadian  doubles  (men)— Burns  and  Glasco,  Toronto,  defeated  Brown  and 
Campbell.  Kingston.  6—3,  6—2,  6—4.  Mixed  doubles— Miss  Rotch  and  Niles  defeated  Miss 
Moore  and  Wright,   6—3.   3—6,   6—2. 

Newport  Women's  Doubles— Miss  Gertrude  Fish  and  Miss  Edith  Deacon,  New  York, 
defeated  the  Misses   Irene  and   Mildred   Sherman,   6—3,   6—4,    6—4. 

East  Jersey  Championships— Mrs.  W.  H.  Pouch  defeated  Miss  Marie  Wagner,  6—1.  0—6, 
6 — 1.  Miss  Wagner  and  Mrs.  Pouch  defeated  Miss  E.  B.  Handy  and  Miss  M.  A.  Irving, 
Staten  Island,  6—0,  6—2.  Mrs.  B.  C.  Edgar  and  L.  V.  Dunham  defeated  Miss  Clare  John- 
son and  W.   F.   Johnson.  2—6,  6—2.  6—2. 

Tri-State  Championships,  Singles— Robert  Leroy,  New  York,  defeated  R.  C.  Seaver, 
Boston,    at    Cincinnati,    5—7,    6—1,    0—4,    9—11,    6 — 4.      Miss    May    Sutton    (holder)    defeatecJ 


LAWN  1K^'^\'6— Continued. 


Miss  Martha  Kinsey,  Cincinnati.  G— 1.  C— 1.  Doubles— Nat  Emerson  and  R.  D.  Little 
defeated  R.  Leroy  and  Irving  Wright,  5—7,  7—5.  3—6,  6—2,  6—2.  Miss  Cowing  and  Miss 
Kinsev  defeated  Miss   Kruse  and  Miss  Breed,   6 — 1,   6 — 4. 

Intercollegiate  Championships.  At  Philadelphia.  Singles— G.  P.  Gardner  defeated  N. 
W.  Niles,  both  of  Harvard.  6—4,  4—6,  6—1,  6—2.  Doubles— N.  W.  Niles  and  A.  Dabney, 
Harvard,  defeated  S.   Gordon  and  A.   Gerlach,   Princeton,  6—2,  6 — 3,  7—5. 

New  Jersey  Championships.  Singles;  women's— Miss  Alice  L.  Day  defeated  Mis.s  Eliza- 
beth H.  Moore  (challenger).  6—4,  4—6.  8—6,  and  obtained  permanent  possession  of  the  cup. 
Men's— Edwin  P.  Larned  (challenger)  defeated  P.  G.  Anderson,  6—4.  8—6.  3— ff,  6—4.  Doubles 
— T.  R.  Pell  and  R.  Leroy  defeated  W.  C.  Grant  and  R.  H.  Palmer,  6—2.  2—6.  S— 6,  2—6, 
8-6.  Mrs.  W.  PI.  Pouch  and  Miss  M.  Wagner  defeated  Miss  A.  L.  Day  and  Miss  A.  Kru.se, 
6—2.  6 — 4.  Miss  E.  H.  Moore  and  Wylie  C.  Grant  defeated  Mrs.  G.  L.  Chapman  and  N.  W. 
Niles.  6—3.  7—5. 

Metropolitan  League.  Singles— R.  Leroy,  New  York  L.  T.  C.  defeated  R.  D.  Little.  West 
Side  L,  T.  C,  4—6,  6—1,  6—2;  T.  R.  Pell,  New  York,  defeated  H.  H.  Haekett,  West  Side  L. 
T.  C.  6—3.  1—6.  6—1.  Doubles— H.  H.  Haekett  and  R.  D.  Little,  West  Side  L.  'f.  C, 
defeated  T.  R.  Pell  and  R.  Leroy,  New  York  L.  T.  C.  7—5,  6—4. 

Longwood  Open  Tournament— Miss  Evelyn  Sears  defeated  Miss  Edith  Rotch  in  the  finals 
(6—3.  2—6.  6—1).  and  then  defeated  Mrs.  Barger-Wallach  in  Edwin  Sheafe  Challenge  Cup 
round.  6—3,  6 — 4.  Miss  Sears  is  the  second  player  to  have  her  name  inscribed  on  the  cup 
for  the  second  time,  the  other  being  Mrs.  Arthur  Ashurtleff,  who  won  the  event  in  1!X)3 
and  1004. 

Yale-Columbia  Annual  Dual  Meet,  at  New  Haven — Yale  won  both  doubles  and  two 
out  of  three  singles. 


UdtDlmn* 


The  seventh  annual  tournament  of  the  American  Bowling  Congress  was  held  in  St.  Louis 
March  16-31.  1007,  and  the  regular  events  resulted  as  follows: 

All  Events  (nine  games)— Harry  Ellis,  Grand  Rapids;  score,  1,767.  Previous  winners: 
1006.  J.  T.  Leacock.  Indianapolis,  1.794;  1905,  J.  G.  Reillv,  Chicago,  1.701;  1004.  Martin, 
Kern,  St.  Louis.  1,804;  1003.  Fred  Strong,  Chicago,  1.896;  1902,  John  Koster,  New  York, 
1.841;    1001.   Frank  H.    Brill,    Chicago.    1,736. 

Individual— Marshall  B.  Levy,  Indianapolis,  and  R.  P.  Matak,  St.  Louis,  tied  on  624. 
In  the  roll-off  Levy  won — 582  to  385.  Previous  winners:  1006.  P.  J.  Favour,  Oshkosh,  Wis., 
6(J0;  1005.  C.  M.  Anderson,  St.  Paul.  651:  1004,  M.  Kern,  St.  Louis,  647;  1903,  D.  A.  Jones, 
Milwaukee.  683;  1002,  Fred  H.   Strong.  Chicago.  649;  1901.  Frank  H.  Brill,  Chicago.  648. 

Two-Men  Teams — E.  C.  Richter-E.  M.  Bigley,  Louisville,  1,164.  Previous  winners:  100;*, 
J.  N.  Reed-E.  Dresbach.  Columbus,  1.247;  1005,  R.  Rolfe-E.  Stretch,  Chicago,  1.213;  1004.  H. 
Krauss-C.  H.  Spiess.  Washington.  1.184;  1003.  A.  Selbach-H.  Collin.  Columbus,  1,227;  1002, 
J.  McClean-H.  Steers,  Chicago.  1,237;  1901,  J.  Voorheis-C.  K.  Starr.  New  York,  1.203. 

Five-Men  Teams — Furniture  Cities,  Grand  Rapids,  2  775.  Previous  winners  and  tourn?f- 
ment  cities:  1906.  Centurys,  Chicago  (Louisville),  2,794;  1905,  Gunthers  No.  2,  Chicago  (M  1- 
waukee).  2,795;  1004.  Ansons,  Chicago  (Cleveland).  2,737;  1003.  O'Learys.  Chicago  (Indian- 
apolis). 2,819;  1902,  Fidelias,  New  York  (Buffalo),  2,792;  1901,  Standards,  Chicago  (Chicago^ 
2,720. 

N.    B.    A.   TOURNAMENT. 

The  first  annual  tournameTit  of  the  National  Bowling  Association  was  held  at  Atlantic 
City.  N.  J.,   March  25- April  8,   1007.     Results  follow: 

All  Events  (nine  games)— John  J.   Voorheis,   Brooklyn;   score,   1,065. 

Individual— Frank  Sauer,  New  York,  657;  W.  Edwards,  Brooklyn,  643;  Lee  R.  Johns, 
Newark.  641. 

Two-Men  Teams— Tuthill-Nelson,  Brooklyn,  1,220;  A^oorheis-Ehler,  Brooklyn,  1,187; 
Koster-Schultz,  New  York,  1,180. 

Five-Men  Teams— Corinthians,  New  York,  2,814;  Subway,  Brooklyn,  2,812;  Algonquin 
No.   1,  New  York,   2,765. 

OTHER  TOURNAMENTS  AND  HIGH  SCORES. 

The  annual  tournament  of  the  Western  Bowling  Congress  was  held  in  Denver  in  March. 
Winners  and  scores  were  as  follows:  Individual— G.  Morris,  676.  Two-men  team— Vog-ht 
and   Everhardt.    1,200.      Five-men   team— J.    B.    Paulsons.   2,707. 

The  National  Duck  and  Candle  Pin  Bowling  Congress  was  held  in  Providence,  R.  L.  in 
February.  Winners  and  scores  were  as  follows:  Individual  candle— W.  Armstrong.  Boston. 
332.  Individual  duck— G.  B.  Sweet.  Slocum.  R.  I.,  357.  Two-m<?n  candle— McNallv-Banks, 
Providence,  605.  Two-men  duck— Burnham-Smith.  Providence.  670.  Five-men  duck— Night 
Hawks.  Fall  River,  1,580.     Five-men  candle— Casino  No.  2.  Boston.  1.48(;. 

Eastern  League  results,  with  seven  cities  represented,  and  games  won  and  lost  were  as 
follows:  Individual — New  York.  36.  24;  average.  103.  Two-men— Trenton,  23.  13;  average, 
376.      Three-men  — Brooklyn.   25.    11;   average.   574.      Five-men -Newark.   26.    10;   average.   945, 

Big  Tournament  Scores  (mostly  world's  recoi-ds)- Thompson's  Cnlts,  Chicago  (Thompson, 
Keppler,  Chalmers,  Stoike  and  Woodburv).  made  a  total  of  2.S53  for  three  games  in  the 
Canadian  Association  tournament  at  Toronto.  Voght  and  Bvprhardt.  Kansas  Citv.  scor<^d 
1.200  in  the  Western  B.  A.  tournament  at  Denver.  Charles  Schaeder  rolled  six  games  of 
2.36.  255.  267,  270,  268  and  232  (average,  256  1-6)  at  the  Amphion  allevs.  Brooklyn.  John 
Ko.ster.  New  York,  averaged  283  for  three  games.  2.38  for  thirteen  games,  and  240  for  eight 
games.  Harry  Colin,  Brooklyn,  averaged  233  5-12  for  twelve  games.  Howard's  Mavors. 
Cliicago,  rolled  three  gamey  (as  a  five-men  team)  of  1,207,  1,200  and  1.0S5,     Roseville  (fiv«- 


464 


Motorcycle. 


BO W  LING—  Continued. 


men   team)   rolled  541   in  a  headpin   tournament,   and   Rosedales,   also  of  New  Jersey,   rolled 
548  in  practice  on  New  York  alleys.  .    -  - 

John  Voorheis  defeated  Jimmy  Smith  for  the  Eastern  championship  in  a  series  of  forty- 
three  games  on  three  alleys.     Averages— Voorheis,  215  27-48;   Smith,  212  10-43. 

EVENING    WORLD    FREE    HEADPIN    TOURNAMENT. 
The  Evening  W^orld  free  headpin  tournament  of  liJU(i-07,  held  at  Thum's  White  Elephant 
alleys,  was  the  most  important  event  ever  held  in  America.     Four  hundred  and  eighty-seven 
teams  participated,  and  255  watch  fobs  were  given  to  bowlers  making  scores  of  100  or  more. 
The  ten  highest  team  scores  made  were: 


Empire    No.    1 508 

Logan     50£ 

Ravenswood     505 

Onawa     504 

508 

114.      Casino 


Juniors;    first  event.      Onwentsia-J.    i^'.    i.ora,    ^  •   f^VaTri    ("n -v     W     Littauer   and   George 
Cormick   defeated    Buffalo   II..    Coleman   Curtiss,    f^^^rd   caiy.    W     Littauei  ^^^_ 

ry,  17  goals  to  5.     Second  event.     Bryn  Mawr-L    L.  Downing.  :^1«^^ j^'^";; "      Ljput     E.    V. 
^ten.   Jr.,   and  W,.  H.    T..Huhn  defeated   Port  Riley,   L  eut^  F     B     Henness,  ,^_l.^eut^  ^^^^_^ 


Casino   No.    1 524 

Algonquin   No.   2 528 

JPa^time  No.    1 528 

Nonpareil   No.    1 520 

Spartan  fJo.    1 516  |  Morris   No.    1 

High  Individual  »Score— Henry  Steinbruck,    Imperfal  B.   C.   of  Jersey  City, 
comes  from  Long  Island  City. 

The   thirteenth   annual    national   championships   of   the  Joio   Asso^i^.tion   were   heUl   on 
Onwentsia  Club   field.    Chicago.    July   19-27.      Bryn   Ma^y   Polo   Cm^Phaadcpma 
Junior  Trophy  Cup.  presented  by  Samuel  D.  Warren,  and  the  KocKaway  nu m.  ■  » 

island,  the  W.  w!  Astor  Cup.  representing  the  «/";^%»lYauXlin     W    W    KeitT  an<l   R-   R 

Juniors;    first  event.   _  Onvventsia— J.    F.    Lord,^^F.^McLaughlin.    w.    vv.  .ivt.i  ^     .^ 

McCor:  '  '  ""   "  -  .  /-,..„<.,„„ 

Carj 

garten,  Jr.,   and  W.   H.   T.   Huhn  deteatea   i^  ort  riue.v,   f^J^/^'   "^;   ^/   V^-'Pinal's-Bryn  Mawr 

An:strong,   Capt.  W.   Lassiter  and  Lieut.   Emil  Engle,   l(>-)4   goals  to  1.     l^  mais    tsryn  ma 

defeated  Onwentsia.  10  goals  to  5%.  T:T„hn     M     G     Rosengarten.    Jr..    and   C. 

Seniors.  Bryn  Mawr— Alex  Brown.  W.  H.  T.  Huhn,  M-  G.  ^^o^^"''^\,,"=Ver  and  Emil 
Wheeler  defeated  Fort  Riley,  Lieut.  Hennessy,  Lieut  Arms  rong  Capt  Lasbite^  ami  ^nui 
Engle  23  goals  to  i/o.  Second  event.  Rockaway-J  A.  Rawlins  R.  LaMontague^  J ri^ox^^ 
hall  P.  Keene  and  D.  Chauncey,  Jr.,  defeated  Buffalo  I..  19  goals  to  1.  Final  Koclca^vay 
defeated  Bryn  Mawr,  13  goals  to  2i/^.  i^i„v,io   o-ampcj  wpre  nlaved  at 

Junior  Polo  Cups,  presented  by  William  A.  Hazard.     P^i'^^^^iP^.^/^C^l^^r-el   D    Widener, 
Penllyn  Polo  Club,   Pa.      Philadelphia   Country  Club-Laxvrence   Sutler     Ge<M-|eIAVviaen^ 
Jr..   and  Gilbert  Mather  def eater  Penllyn.   H.   Voorhees    Harry  Ingersoll   ana   Aioert  om      , 
5  goals  to  2.     Boston  and  New  Tork  events  were  not  hejd.  ,    Watson  Webb,   Hugh 

Saratoga  tournament;   United  States  Hotel   Cups       Ne^v    Have^    J.  ^J^ag^n    v^  e      ,         b 
Drury,  C.  P.  Dixon  and  F.  S.  Butter^vorth  defeated  Montreal  I- J„^f„^^^^^^p7"-siratoga-A. 
ering.   H.   F.   Robertson  and  J.   D.    Freeman.   15  goals  to  l^Vt-     Saratoga  uupsf^^^^ 
Belmont.    .Tr..    R.    Belmont.    August    Belmont   and    F.    S     von    Stade   defeated   Freebooteis, 
Ambrose  Clark,  M.  Belmont.  G.  Mather  and  Stephen  ^l^^^k-  »  ^ws    Jones    W    McClure.   H. 

Monmouth  Challenge  Cup;  at  Long  Branch  ^""^1""  I"-^-  ^.^f"*"^  McClure  and  F. 
S.  Borden  and  R.  Keator  defeated  Rumson  II.,  C.  F.  Parsons,  C.  Habm.  A.   MC«-iure  am 

'''•  fe'^dhim^  NO. 'r  ?elm,  won  the  Myopia  Cup  from  New  Haven  U  goals  ^o  9;^ w^^^  the 
Perrv  trophy  from  New  Haven,  15^4  goals  to  10%.  and  the  Itarlstein  Cup  from  Deanam  ii.. 
1511- 'to  101/4. 


piotorcscle* 


THIS  sport  has  .nffevod  in  high  speed  ^lovelopme.nbecau.e  after  the  destrj^^^^ 

-^rs^ii!:?et;^f^a?.ii£:« 

the  internationkl  weight  limit  of  110  pounds,  which  records  are  as  lolloufe  . 

STRAIGHTAWAY   RECORDS. 


Distance. 


1  n>ile. 
1  mile. 


Style    of 
.'^t.Hrt. 


fhavnctpr  of 


V.  s. 


Against  time. 
C()mpetition.. 


Holder. 


W.  H.  Wray,.lr. 
(ilen  H.  Curtiss. 


Where  5Iade. 

Ormond  Beach . 
Ormond  Beacli..., 


Hate. 

.lull.  "2471907 
Jan.  28.1907 


Tim^. 


.44  2-5 
.46  2-5 


TRACK  RECORDS. 


F.  S. 
F.  S. 


•*s. 
F. 
S. 
V. 

s 

8. 


S. 

s. 
s. 
s. 
s. 
s. 


s.  s. 

s.  s. 


|Competition.. 
.i.Agaiiist  time. 
.Competition.. 
.1. A  gainst  time. 
.("ompetitioM. . 
,.'.\gHiMst  lime. 
.  Competi tion . . I F.  ( '.  Hoyt . . 

Competition.  .IF.  <'.  Hoyt 

iCoinpeJ^ition . .  F.  C.  Hoyt. . . . 

Competition..  S.  T.  Knliogg 


T.  B.  I)e  Rosier. 

F.  C.    Hovt 

F.  ('.   Hovt 

(ilen  H.  Curtiss.. 

F.  c.  Hovt 

F   C.  Hoyt. 


Yz  mile 

1  mile 

1  mile 

2  miles 

'2  miles 

Smiles 

.'jiiiiles 

1()  miles 

•..'()  miles 

41  1-lH  miles.  

StuuleyT.  Kellogg,  Springfield,  Mass.    Time,  \o.66  it*. 


iCambridge,  INLiss. 
ICambridge.  Mass. 
Cambridge.  IMass. 
tSvracuse.  N.  V. .. 
!<'ambridge.  Mass. 

C'liicago.  J 11 

Chicago,  111 

Chicago,  III 

Chicago,  III 

Kochester,  N.  Y. . 


Aug. 
Aug. 

AUK. 

Sept. 
A  iig. 
May 
I  Ang. 
May 
Mav 
July 


1  ,  lOO.') 
19. 1905 
19.  190.5 
18,1905 
19,  1905 
30,  1900 
19,  1905 
3(»,  1900  lO 

30,  1900, 21 
5,  1900 1 


38  4-5 
56  2-5 
101-5 
04  4-5 
101-5 
07  3-5 
li2-5 
.38 

113-5 
1  hour 


Federation  of  American 
vT.  Kellosrg.  Springfield, 
e,  3.14  2-5.     Ten  miles-- 


Golf. 


465 


Thirteenth  annual  National  Open  Championship  of  U.  S.  Golf  Association.  Philadelphia 
Cricket  Club,  Philadelphia.  June  20-21— Alex  Ross,  professional.  Brae  Burn  Country  Club. 
Boston,  won,  his  score  for  72  holes  being  802.  Gilbert  Nicholls.  Woodland  Club.  Boston, 
scored  with  304.  Previous  winners— 1895.  Horace  Rawlins,  at  Newport;  18!)G,  James  Foulis, 
at  Shinnecock  Hills;  1897,  Joe  Llovd.  at  Chicago;  1898,  Fred  Herd,  at  Myopia;  1899.  Will 
Smith,  at  Baltimore;  1900.  Harry  Vardon  at  Wheaton;  1!X)1.  Will  Anderson,  at  Myopia; 
1902,  Lawrence  Auchteiionie,  at  Garden  City;  1908,  Will  Anderson,  at  Baltusrol;  1904, 
Will  Anderson,   at  Chicago;   1905,   Will  Anderson,  at  Myopia. 

Metropolitan  Championship.  Na-ssau  Country  Club,  Glen  Cove,  May  21-25— J'erome  D. 
Travers,  of  Montclair,  won  for  second  consecutive  year,  beating  Fiudlay  S.  Douglas,  Nassau, 
8  up  and  7  to  go,  at  36  holes. 

New  Jersey  Championship.  Baltusrol,  June  6-8— Jerome  D.  Travers  won,  with  7  up  and 
6  to  go,  over  Max  Behr,   Morris  County. 

Thirteenth  annual  Amateur  Championship  of  the  U.  S.  G.  A..  Euclid  Club,  Cleveland, 
O.,  July  9-13— Jerome  D.  Travers  won.  with  6  up  and  5  to  go  at  36  holes,  from  Archibald 
Graham,  North  Jersey  Countrv  Club,  Paterson.  Previous  winners — 1895.  Charles  B.  Mac- 
donald,  at  Newport;  1896,  H.  J.  Whigham,  at  Shinnecock,  Hills;  1897,  H.  J.  Whigham.  at 
Wheaton;  1898,  Findlav  S.  Douglas,  at  Morris  County;  1899,  Herbert  M.  Harriman,  at  L,ake 
Forest;  1900,  Walter  J.  Travis,  at  Garden  City;  1901,  Walter  J.  Travis,  at  Atlantic  City; 
1902,  Louis  N.  James,  at  Glen  View;  1903,  Walter  J.  Travis,  at  Nassau;  1904,  H.  Chandler 
Egan,  at  Baltusrol;  1905,   H.  Chandler  Egan,  at  Wheaton. 

Amateur  Championship  of  Great  Britain.  St.  Andrew's  Club.  Scotland,  May  27-31 — John 
Ball,  Royal  Liverpool  Club,  won,  beating  C.  A.  Palmer  6  up  and  4  to  go  at  36  holes. 
Previous  winners— 1887,  Horace  Hutchinson;  1888,  J.  Ball,  Jr.;  1889,  J.  E.  Laidlay;  1890.  J. 
Ball.  Jr..  1891,  J.  E.  Laidlay;  1892,  J.  Ball,  Jr.;  1893,  P.  Anderson;  1894.  J.  Ball,  Jr.;  1895. 
L.  Balfour  Melville;  1896,  F.  G.  Tait;  1897,  A.  J.  T.  Allan;  1898,  F.  G.  Tait;  1899,  J.  Ball, 
Jr.;  1900,  H.  H.  Hilton;  1901,  H.  H.  Hilton;  1902,  Charles  Hutchings;  1903,  Robert  Maxwell; 
1904.  W.  J.  Travis;   1905.   A.  G.   Barry;   1906,  J.    Robb. 

British  Oi>en  Championship.  Hoylake,  England.  June  18-21- Arnaud  Massey  made  his 
four  rounds  in  312  strokes;  J.   H.   Taylor,   second.   314;   Tom   Vardon.    third. 

Metropolitan  Women's  Championship.  Knollwood.  White  Plains;  N.  Y.,  May  21-25 — 
Miss  Georgiana  Bishop,  Brooklawn  Club,  Bridgeport,  Ct.,  won  with  1  up,  21  holes  from  Miss 
Julia  Mix,    Englewood   Club. 

Second  Annual  Women's  Eastern  Championship.  Atlantic  City.  June  11-14— Miss  Mary 
Adams,  Boston,  won  with  the  remarkable  score  of  1  up,  74  holes,  from  Miss  Fanny  Osgood, 
.Boston,    former   title-holder.      First   contest   was  at   36  holes. 

Griscom  Cup  team  match.  Atlantic  City,  June  11-14— Boston  won  from  Philadelphia.  12 
points  to  3.  after  Boston  had  beaten  New  York.   13  points  to  2. 

Greater  New  York  Championship.  Van  Cortlandt  Park.  August  31— Channing  Floyd, 
New  York  Golf  Club,  won  for  the  second  consecutive  year,  beating  F.  K.  Flaugh.  Scottish- 
American  Club,   1  up,  IS  holes. 

New  golf  records  were  made  bv  W.  H.  Home,  professional,  at  Beckenham,  near  London, 
who  drove  the  ball  381  vards.  E.  "BlackweU.  in  1892.  and  with  a  gutta-percha  ball,  is  cred- 
ited with  a  drive  of  366  yards  from  the  seventeenth  tee  at  St.  Andrew's,  Scotland,  and 
Walter  J.  Travis,  at  Garden  Citv.  made  a  drive  of  374  yards.  Miss  Margaret  Curtis.  Essex' 
Country  Club.  Boston,  made  a  women's  record  in  America  of  220  yards  in  the  Women's 
National   tournament   on  Midlothian   Club  links.    Chicago.   October  7. 

Women's  National  Championship.  At  Midlothian  Country  Club,  Chicago.  October  7-12— 
Miss  Margaret  Curtis,  Essex  Countv.  Boston,  made  low-medal  score  of  95  among  thirty-two 
players.  Miss  Pauline  Mackav  made  a  cou  e  record  of  92  for  women.  Semi-final  round — 
Miss  M.  Curtis  defeated  Miss'M.  W.  Phelps.  Brae  Burn.  6  to  5,  and  Miss  Harriet  Curtis, 
Essex  Countv,  defeated  Mrs.  R.  H.  Barlow,  Merion,  Philadelphia.  5  to  4.  In  the  final  Miss 
Margaret  Curtis  defeated  her  sister  7  to  6.  Previous  winners  were— 1895.  Mrs.  C.  S.  Brown, 
at  Meadowbrook;  1896.  Miss  Beatrix.-Hovt.  at  Morris  County:  1897.  Miss  Beatrix  Hoyt.  at 
Essex  County;  1898,  Miss  Beatrix  Hoyt.  at  Ardsley;  1899.  Miss  Ruth  Underbill,  at  Philadel- 
phia Countrv  Club;  1900.  Miss  F.  C.  Griscom.  at  Shinnecock  Hills;  1901,  Miss  Genevieve 
Hecker.  at  Baltusrol:  1902.  Miss  Genevieve  Hecker.  at  Brookline;  1903.  Miss  Bessie  Anthony, 
at  Wheaton;  1904,  Miss  Georgiana  Bishop,  at  Merion;  1905,  Miss  Pauline  Mackay,  at  Morris 
County. 

New  England  Intercollegiate.  At  Woodland  Golf  Club.  Newton.  Mass.,  October  17-19— 
Semi-final:  H.  W.  Sturklen,  Dartmouth,  defeated  R.  D.  Campbell,  Williams.  1  up.  19  holes; 
F.  A.  Martin.  Dartmouth,  defeated  J.  Matless,  Williams,  6  up,  5  to  play.  Finals:  Struck- 
len  defeated  Martin.  4  up.  3  to  play.  .32  holes. 

Philadelphia  Women's  Championship — Miss  Frances  Griscom,  Merion  Cricket  Club, 
defeated   Mrs.   Caleb  F.    Fox,    Huntingdon   Valley.    1    up.   18  holes. 

News  of  the  World  Cup.  Fifth  annual  professional  at  Sunningdale.  London,  October  20 
—James  Braid.   Walt?on  Heath,   defeated   J.    H.   Taylor.    Mid-Surrey.   4  up.   2  to  play. 

Intercollegiate  Championship.  At  Nassau  Country  Club.  L.  I..  October  16-20.  Teams — 
Princeton  defeated  Pennsylvania  9i/>  points  to  214 ;  Yale  defeated  Harvard  13  to  6'/>:  Yale 
defeated  Princeton  20  to  0.  Individual— Ellis  Knowles,  Yale,  made  low  score  of  77  in  the 
medal  round  of  18  holes.  Seven  Yale,  four  each  of  Harvard  and  Princeton,  and  one  Penn- 
sylvania player  qualified.  Semi-final  round:  R.  Peters.  Jr..  Princeton,  defeated  Fellowes 
Morgan,  Jr..  Harvard.  1  up.  21  holes;  Ellis  Knowles.  Yale,  defeated  W.  H.  Lyon.  Yale. 
5  up.   4  to  play.  36  holes.     Final:     Knowles  defeated  Peters  2  up.    1   to  play. 

Tri-City  Championship.  At  Country  Club.  Brookline.  Mass..  October  25-26— Philadelphia 
defeated  Boston  9  points  to  6;  New  York  defeated  Philadelphia.  13  to  2,  and  retained  pos- 
session  of  tlip   Lesley   Cup. 

In  the  River  Platte  tournament,  Buenos  Ayres,  F.  A.  Sutton,  formerly  of  England,  won 
the  annual   championship. 

Australia— Hon.  Maurice  Scott.  Royal  North  Devon  Club,  won  the  amateur  and  open 
championships.     His  score  for  72  holes  in  the  open  was  ;!]8. 

Eastern  Professional  Championshin  (:'.6  holes).  Countrv  Chib.  Brookline.  Mass.  Alex- 
ander Campbell.  Country  Club,  won  with  144  strokes;  George  Low.*  Baltusrol.  and  Alex- 
ander  Smith,    Nassau,    tied   for  second   with    151:    Gilbert   Nichols,    Woodland.    154. 


4G6 


Crlcl  ct. 


The  visit  of  the  Marylebone  toaii^  of  England,  in  September,  was  a  feature  of  the 
season.  Cam  however,  caused  a  draw^in  four  of  the  five  gan.es  in  the  East.  Against  the 
All  New  _i prk  team  m  the  opening  game  the  visitors  scored  388  runs  for  four  wickets 
against  4;j  for  two  for  New  York.  Two  American  records  were  made— 1.57  for  the  first  and 
28.J  for  the  second  wicket.  Rain  the  second  day  caused  a  draw.  With  the  All  Philadelphia 
team  the  score  was  102  against  25  runs  for  one  wicket  for  the  locals  the  first  day  and  64 
for  three  against  157  for  Philadelphia  the  second  day,  when  again  rain  caused  a  draw 
Marylebone  then  defeated  the  I'hiladelphia  Colts  by  one  inning  and  173  runs,  the  score 
standing  329  to  156.  With  the  Gentlemen  of  Philadelphia  the  visitors  played  their  closest 
game,  the  final  score  being:     Marylebone,  222-124;   Philadelphia,  227-00  for  nine  wickets. 

The  University  of  Pennsylvania  team.  Captain  Lothrop  Lee,  visited  Gr#at  Britain  in 
June  and  July  to  test  the  strength  of  the  public  school  teams,  winning  eight  of  sixteen  games 
lilayed.  tied  in  six  and  lost  with  Harrow  and  Woodbrook,  of  Brav.  The  Americans  defeated 
Winchester,  which  had  beaten  Eaton  in  the  Spring  Championships,  tied  with  University  of 
Dublin,  and  beaten   Charter  House,    Repton,    Shrewsbury  and   Clifton. 

METROPOLITAN   DISTRICT   LEAGUE   CHAMPIONSHIP. 
Staten  Island  for  the  fourth  successive  year  won  the  championship  In  the  Metropolitan 
District   Cricket   League,    Class   A,    going  through   the   season   without   defeat.      In    Section   B 
the  Prospect  Park  team  also  made  a  good  record,  losing  only  one  game.     The  summaries: 


Club. 


SECTION   A. 

Played.  W^on.Lost. Dm, 


Staten  Island 14  11  0 

Brooklyn    14  9  3 

Columbia  Oval   14  9  3 

Yonkers    14  7  6 

Rensonhurst   Thistles  14  5  7 

Manhattan    14  4  9 

Kings   County    14  3  10 

Montclair    14  2  12 


2 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
0 


Per 
cent. 
1.000 
.750 
.7.50 
.538 
.416 
.307 
.230 
.142 


Club. 


SECTION   B. 

Plaved.  Won.  Lost.  Drn. 


Section  A. 

A.  Hoskins,  Col.  Oval. 

B.  Kortlang.  Col.  Oval. 
E.  H.  L.  Steinthal,  S.  I. 

A.  G.  Laurie,  S.  I 

A.  F.   Spooner.   S.  I 

J.  L.  Poyer,  Brooklyn. 
A.   Brown,   Brooklyn... 

*Not   out. 


Jns.N.O.H.S. 

*!)0 

*7G 

*159 

*140 

83 

*114 

78 


11 
12 
11 
12 
4 
13 
10 


Prospect  Park 14  11  .1 

Kings  Countj'    14  9  3 

Columbia  Oval  B 14  8  4 

Manhattan    14  5  7 

Yonkers    14  5  8 

Brooklyn    14  4  8 

Columbia  Oval  C 14  4  0 

Bensonhurst   Thistles  14  4  10 

BATTING   AVERAGES. 

Section  B.         Ins.N.O.H.S 


o 
6 
3 
3 
0 
2 

i 


R. 
511 
4.58 
379 
426 
161 
423 
201 


Av. 
85.16 
76.33 
47.37 
47.33 
40.25 
38.15 
29.00 


J. 

C. 

J. 

H. 

J. 

J. 

A. 


J.  Hewitt,  Pros.  P..    13  0  38 

Pearson,  Kings  Co.  .80  53 

E.  Gillette,  Pros.  P..   14  2  59 

A.  Smith,  Col.  Oval.     9  1  *75 

B.  Barrow.  Pros.  P.  10  1  69 
E.  K.  Jordan,  K.  Co.  12  2  *53' 
E.R.Whitehue,  CoI.O.  9  1  36 
*Not   out. 


2 
2 

2 

T 

2 
1 
0 

R. 
339 
191 
279 
186 
183 
193 
150 


Per 
cent. 

.'.no 

.750 
.666 
.416 
.384 
.333 
.307 
.285 

Av. 
26.08 
23.87 
23.25 
23.25 
20.33 
10.30 
18.75 


Section   A. 
\.  Hoskins,  Col. 

F.  Keily.    S.    I 

G.  Laurie,    S,    I. . . . 

R.    Cobb,    S.   I: 

Rush  ton.  Brooklyn. 
Kortlang.  Col.  O. . . 
S.   Franklyn.    Thist. 

The    annual    game 
former's  grounds  in  September, 

A.    M.    Woods,    of    Belmont 
Philadelphia,    with 
total  i-uns  452.     H. 
King   had   9.02    for 
for  seven  innings 


F. 
A. 
M. 
H. 

B. 

F. 


Balls. 
Oval.  746 
872 
426 
710 
830 
329 
543 


Mds. 
31 
45 
IS 
21 
45 
8 
13 
between 


BOWLING 


R. 
263 
301 
154 
286 
281 
136 
252 
the 


W. 
52 
.52 
24 
41 
40 
19 
32 


Av. 
•5.05 
5.78 
6.41 
6.97 
7.02 
7.15 
7.87 
Staten  Island 
in  a 


Mds.  R. 
16     232 


AVERAGES. 

Section    B. 

T.  H.  Clarke.  K.  Co. .  . 

J.  X..  Webster,  Col.  O. 

J.   Hewitt.    Pros.   P. 

E.   Bradshaw.   Man. 

Shaw,    Col.    Oval... 

Lohmer,   Col.  Oval. 

McArdle,   Yonkers.  . 

and    Philadelphia 

resulted  in  a  local  victory,    123  to  69 

Club,    led    the   batsmen    of   the   Associated   Cricket   Clubs   of 

an   average  of   50.22    for   thirteen    innings.      His   high    score    was    88    and 

.  G.  Pearce  led  in  bowling  avei-ages,  with  6.88  for  17  wickets,  while  J.  B. 

•   49   wickets.      For   the    Philadelphia  ,Cup,    W.    A.    Allison    ayeraged    3o.00 

in  batting,  and  G.   Priestman  3.60  for  ten  wickets  in  bowling 


J. 

G. 

G. 

H. 

D. 


Balls. 
.  .   590 

738 

532 

681 

588 

528 

4.50 

clubs, 

runs. 


35 
21 
26 
22 
17 
11 


2S4 
237 
305 
222 
237 
233 
played 


W. 
38 
46 
.33 
42 
30 
31 
30 
on 


Av. 
6.10 
6.17 
7.18 
7.26 
7.40 
7.64 
7.76 
the 


Nottinghamshire  won   the   English   County   Championship  with   an   undefeated  record  of 
fifteen  games  won  and  four  drawn.     The  order  of  finish  was  as  follows: 

Lost.         Club. 


Club.                               Played.  Won. 

Nottinghamshire    19  15 

Worcestershire    18  S 

Y'orkshire    26  12 

"Surrey    28  12 

Middlesex    20  8 

Lancashire     26  11 

Essex    22  10 

Kent   26  12 


Drs. 
4 
8 
11 
12 
6 
8 
•5 
5 


Warwickshire    19 

Gloucestershire     ........  22 

Leicestershire   20 

Hampshire 24 

Sussex    26 

•Somersetshire    18 

Northamptonshire   20 

Dein.-yyshire   20 


on. 

Drs.  Lost. 

6 

8           5 

8 

2         12 

6 

4         10 

6 

7         11 

7 

6         13 

3 

3  •     12 

2 

6         12 

2 

1          17 

BEST    SCORES    IN    CRICKET.  ^   ,        ^^,^_ 

A.  C.  MacLaren  scored  424  for  Lancashire  vs.  Somerset  at  Taunton,  Eng..  July.  ISO.j. 
the  record  in  a  first-class  match.  A.  E.  J.  Collins,  playing  at  Clifton,  June,  ISOO.  for 
Clarke's  House  vs.  North  Town,  scored  628  not  out,  the  record  in  any  match.  Mcll)ourne 
University  scored  1.0!»4  against  Essendon  at  M'-lbourne.  1S!)8,  the  highest  authenticaU-d 
record.  In  a  match  between  A.  E.  Slottarfs  English  team  and  New  South  Wales  l...i9 
runs  were  scored,  a  record  in  first-class  cricket.  The  longest  partnership  on  record  was 
(:23  by  Captain  Gates  and  Private  Fitzgerald,  First  Royal  Munster  Fusiliers  vs.  Army 
Service   Corps   at   Cunagh.    1^05.  ,       ,  ,      . 

Best  records  in  the  United  States  gind  Canada  are:  G.  S.  Patterson  s  eleven  playmg 
against  A.  M.  Woods'  eleven  at  Philadelphia,  scored  ('89.  J.  B.  King  scored  .{44  not  <>ut 
for  Belmont  vs.  Merion  Team  B  in  1906.  W.  Robertson,  206  not  out,  and  A.  (t.  Sheath, 
lis  not  out,  scored  340  runs  in  partnership  without  the  loss  of  a  wicket  at  San  Francisco 
Smallest  ."'core  was  Americus.  0.  vs.  Ro.seville  at  Guttenlmrg,  N.  J.,  m  ink. 
score  in  the  Metropolitan  District  Cricket  League  Championship.  New  Jei'sey 
Club.  385  for  five  wickets,  vs.  Manhattan,  at  Bayonne  N.  J..  I"';*'-,  ^^^''^^I'^X 
the  same  series.  Crescent  Athletic  Club.  4.  against  the  New  Jersey  Athletic  Mill), 
Wisdf-n.  bowlinEr  .''or  C'crtro  Parr's  Enelish  eleven  vs.   L  nited  States  and  canaua,  s 


in  1804. 
I  ,a  rgpst 
Athletic 
score  in 
lS:t6.     J. 


t>yentv-two.   \ 


len.  bowling  for  G'-orge  Parr's  English  eleven  vs.   United  States  an 
n  1859.  at  Ro»v|ieetei>  secured  si.N  vjckct?  in  six  consecutive  bails. 


Milliards  and  Pool.  467 


BILLIARDS. 

The  season  of  1906-7  in  billiards  awakened  deep  interest  among'  patrons  and  was  alike 
prosperous  to  the  players  and  manufacturers.  All  the  tournaments  were  well  attended,  and 
the  scores  of  the  amateurs  as  well  as  the  professionals  were  the  best  made  in  years.  The 
outlook  for  billiards  and  pool  in  America  this  season  is  flattering.  Match  and  tournament 
contests  of  lyotJ-T  follow: 

Championship  of  the  World  at  18.2.— Grand  Central  Palace.  New  York,  Dec.  8,  1900, 
second  match  of  second  series  for  silver  Challenge  Cup  and  $500  a  side — George  Sutton, 
500 — 107—26.32  (total,  high  run  and  winning  average);  William  F.  Hoppe.  challenger,  2:jS — 
7^<— 1:'..2.  Orchestra  Hall,  Chicago,  Jan.  21.  1007,  third  match— George  Sutton,  500—71—17.86; 
Orlando  E.  Morningstar.  challenger.  472 — 72 — 17.11.  Orchestra  Hall,  Chicago,  Nov.  5,  1007, 
fourth   match— George   Sutton,    500— 2.32— .33.P..3;    Jacob   Schaefer,    challenger.    241—03-16.00. 

World's  Championship  at  18.1. — Electing  to  go  abroad,  William  F.  Hoppe  forfeited  the 
cl'.ampionship  challenge  medal  and  lf2."»0  to  challenger,  George  Sutton,  Jan.  2,  1907.  Orches- 
tra. Hall,  Chicago,  March  11,  third  contest  of  second  series.  $.">00  a  side  and  medal — Jacob 
Schaefer,  challenger,  500—100—13.88;  George  Sutton,  44S— 51— 12.44.  Schaefer's  run  of  100 
is  the  highest  in  a  championship  match   (not  record  contest   merely)   at   18.1   balkline. 

Championship  of  America  at  18.2. — New  York  Theatre  concert  hall,  Nov.  19  to  Dec.  1, 
1906.  Prizes  aggregating  $950  in  cash  and  challenge  emblem;  open  only  to  experts  who 
have  not  been  prize-winners  in  first-class  championship  events  at  balkline.  Games,  400 
points  up.     Twenty-one  gaines. 

Won.  H.  R.  W.  Av.  G.  Av. 

Al.  Taylor   3  94  20.  13.33 

Chas.    Peterson 1  56  14.29  9.26 

Frank  Hoppe 0  37  ..      -  6.02 


Won. 

H.  R. 

W.  Av. 

G.  Av. 

A. 

G.    Cutler 

. .   o 

162 

26.67 

14.31 

H. 

P.    Cline 

..   5 

109 

25. 

14.52 

T. 

J.    Gallagher. 

..   4 

118 

18.18 

10.02 

Ed 

.    McLaughlin. 

..  3 

80 

12.90 

9.15 

McLaughlin-Taylor  tie  not  played  off.  That  between  Cutler  and  Cline  determined  at 
Maurice  Daly's  Dec.   3.   Cutler  winning  by  400  to  230. 

Philadelphia  Interclub  Handicap. — Championship  at  14.2,  February,  1907;  contestants 
all  members  of  social  or  athletic  clubs — T.  Mortimer  S.  Rolls,  winner,  with  11.54  as  high 
average;  J.  E.  C.  Morton  second,  with  7.24;  Joseph  Mayer  third,  with  5.48;  J.  Jules. 
Hovey,  Pa. ;  William  E.  Uffenheimer,  James  S.  Alcorn  and  Warren  A.  Hawley.  This  event 
is  an  annual.  Rolls  is  always  at  "scratch,"  300.  This  year  Morton  and  Mayer  were  both 
at   275. 

National  Amateur  Championship. — German  Liederkranz  Society's  Club  House,  New 
York,  March  4  to  14,  second  annual  tournament  of  the  second  14.2  championship  series  of 
the  N.  A.  A.  B.  P.     Fifteen  regular  games,  300  points  up. 


W^on.  H.  R.  W.  Av.  G.  Av. 

Calvin   Demarest...  5  115        27.27  14.85 

C.    P.    Conklin 3  68         12.  9.18 

E.   W.   Gardner 3  101         10.71  9.39 


Won.  H.  R.  W.  Av.  G.  Av. 

J.   F.   Poggenburg. .   2  101         21.43  11.55 

Dr.    L.    L.    Mial 2  94         14.29  9.51 

T.  M.   S.  Rolls 0  96          ..  S.IO 


Playing  off  the  ties  gave  Demarest  and  Conklin,  both  Chicago  representatives,  first 
and  second  prizes,  Gardner  third,  and  Poggenburg  fourth.  In  defeating  Mial  in  play-off 
Poggenburg  ran  115  and  averaged  42.86.  The  latter  figures  are  by  far  the  best  record  for 
14.2  in  their  maker's  class,  but  neither  they  nor  the  115  have  any  bearing  on  the  prizes 
for  best  run  and  both  averages,  all  three  of  which  went  to  Demarest,  whose  general  average 
is  the  best  in  America  for  this  class.  His  successive  winning  averages  were  9.38,  18.75, 
27.27,   1.3.04  and  15.79. 

French  "Amateur  Championship  at  Du  Monde."— Billiard  Palace,  Paris,  ending  March 
15.  third  and  final  annual  tournament  of  the  series.  Lucien  Revolle.  of  Toulouse,  having 
won  all  three.  Games,  400  points.  14.2.  Revolle  was  undefeated,  his  high  run  being  103 
and  his  winning  averages  13. .33.  20.  21.05,  17.39  and  26.67,  making  his  general  average  18.69 
in  2.000  points,  which  is  the  best  of  his  class  in  the  world.  The  highest  run  of  the  tourna- 
ment was  130.  by  Davantiere.  whose  best  winning  average  (16.67)  was  surpassed  by  Revolle's 
only.     The  other  contestants  were  M.   M.  Francois,   Pasco,   Blanc  and  Mortier. 

POOL. 

World's  Championship  Matches  at  Continuous  Ball  Pool,  Challenge  Emblem  and  $150  a 
Side.— Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  21  to  23,  1906,  Jerome  Keogh,  champion.  600;  Fred  Tallman, 
challenger,  346.  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  27  to  29,  1906.  Thomas  Hueston,  challenger.  600; 
Jerome  Keogh,  507.  New  York  City,  Feb.  7  to  9.  Thomas  Hueston,  600;  Edward  Dawson, 
challenger,  368.  New  York  City,  March  21  to  23.  Thomas  Hueston.  600;  Jerome  Keogh, 
challenger.  497.  Greensburg,  Pa.,  April  23  to  25^^  Thomas  Hueston,  600;  William  H.  Clear- 
water,   challenger,    537. 

In  all  these  tournaments  the  Brunswick-Balke-Collender  Company  has  given  the 
trophies,  which  are  very  valuable  and  are  recognized  as  emblematic  of  the  championship 
they  represent. 

BEST    RECORD    AVERAGES. 

Professionals.— 100  points  at  18.2,  George  Sutton,  New  York,  1906;  31.25  at  18.1  by 
Frank  C.  Ives,  Chicago,  1897;  100  at  14.2  by  Jacob  Schaefer,  New  York,  and  F.  C.  Ives, 
Chicago,  1903;  40  at  8.2  by  Jacob  Schaefer,  Chicago,  1883.  Cushion  Caroms— 10  by  Jacob 
Schaefer.  New  York.  1883  (4i/<x9  table),  and  at  Chicago.  1887  (5x10  table).  Champion's 
Game— 37.97  by  George  F.   Slosson,   Paris,   1882.  •  .     ^   ,       ^  ,    .      .^ 

Amateur.— 33.33  at  18.2  bv  Lucien  Revolle.  Paris.  1904;  27.27  at  14.2  by  Calvm  De- 
marest, New  York,  1906.  In  playing  off  tie  in  championship  won  by  Demarest,  J.  Ferdinand 
Poggenburg  averaged  42.86  in  300  points. 

BEST    RECORD    RUNS. 
Professional.— 307  at  18.2  by  Willie  Hoppe,  Chicago,  1906;  139  at  18.1  by  Jacob  Schaefer, 
1899;  566  at  14.2  by  J.  Schaefer,   New  York,   1903;   246  at  8.2  by  Maurice  Vignaux,   Chicago, 


468  Sicimmhig. 


BILLIARDS  AND   POOL— C'o/</'^n»ect 

1883.     Cushion  Caroms— 85  by  F.   C.   Ives,   Boston,   1800.      Champion's  Game— oUS  by  George 
F.    SlosSon.    Paris.    1882. 

Amateur.— 10!>    at    18.2    by    Lucien    Revolle,    Paris.    l'J04;    139    at    14.2    by    Wayman    C. 
"■    ;ery.    New   York,    18!J!>. 

""  '  "51  points  'off  the  red  '  in  a  Pans  academy, 

88   balls    from    the    '-break."    1907;    Charles 


of  5] 


JNolan,  m  a  St.  l^ouis  acaaemy  game,  iyu(,  maae 
k  three-cushion  same  of  25  points;  George  Sutto 
221  points.  By  use  of  the  anchor  cannon  stroke  (n 
1907.  made  an  unfinished  run  of  23,709  remaining 
Lovejoy.  who.   by   the  irony  of  fate,   claimed  to  ha 


lis      «lt      the      IdVUIC      Ol-V     lUglllS      II 

have  discovered  the  stroke. 

A.  A.  U.  Championships — These  bouts  were  held  in  Newark,  March  28  and  29,  and 
the  winners  were  as  follows:  105-pound  class— George  Taylor,  Newark  Turn  Verein; 
125-pound  class— George  S.  Dole,  Yale;  135-pound  class — B.  Bradshaw.  Boys'  Club, 
New  Y'ork;  145-pound  class— Richard  Jaeckel,  N.  Y".  A.  C. ;  middleweight  (158  lbs.) 
Frank  Narganes,  Columbia;  heavyweight  class— Jacob  Gunderson,  Dovre  Sporting  Club, 
New  Y''ork. 

Intercollegiate  Championships— Yale  won  in  the  bouts  held  at  Princeton,  scoring  11 
points  to  7  each  for  Princeton  and  Columbia  and  3  for  Pennsylvania.  Winners  in  finalt;: 
115-pound  class — Passarella.  Princeton.  125  pounds— Dole,  Yale.  1.35  pounds— Dole,  Yale, 
and  Latimer,  Princeton,  a  draw.  145  pounds— Lindo.  Columbia.  158  pounds— F.  Narganes. 
Columbia.  175  pounds— Folwell.  Pennsylvania.  Heavyweight— Gibel.  Yale.  In  the  dual 
meets  Yale  defeated  Columbia,  Princeton  defeated  Pennsylvania  and  Cornell  defeated 
Pennsylvania,  all  4  bouts  to  3.  Narganes  made  the  best  showing,  winning  three  bouts  with 
Y'ale  in  the  158,   175  and  heavyweight  classes. 

New  York  A.  C.  Championships— Winners:  Dr.  L.  W.  Ely.  heavyweight;  C.  R.  Woods, 
middleweight;   L.  P.  Bessave.  Jr..  welterweight,  and  H.   Flammer.   lightweight. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Championship— Winners:  A.  Swanson,  Harlem,  lightweight;  Fred 
Purvis.  Brooklyn,  125-'pound  class;  A.  Peterson,  Harlem,  135  pounds;  L.  Rath,  Second 
Avenue,  145  pounds;  W.  Fernicks,  Harlem,  158  pounds;  Charles  Marr,  West  Side,  heavy- 
weight cTass,  ^ 

iIlacq[U(rt  antr  (^ourt  Ktnwin* 

One  of  the  most  Important  events  of  the  vear  was  the  brilliant  victory  of  Jay  Gould, 
the  IS-year-old  son  of  George  Gould,  over  Eustace  H.  Miles,  for  the  British  amateur  court 
tennis  championship.  Young  Gould  defended  his  title  as  American  champion  at  Boston, 
March  23,  when  he  beat  Joshua  Crane.  Jr..  6—1.  4—6.  6—2,  6—2.  At  Queen's  Club.  Lon- 
don, May  4.  Gould  defeated  Miles,  3  sets  to  2,  the  scores  reading  6 — 4,  4—6,  1—6,  6 — 2,  6 — 4. 
Mr.   Gould   won  five  contests   in   England  and  lost  none. 

National  Racquet  Championship.— R.  R.  Fincke,  New  York,  defeated  George  H.  Brooke, 
Philadelphia,  at  New  Y'ork  Racquet  and  Tennis  Club,   15—5.  7—15.   17—14.   15—6. 

Eastern  States  Amateur  Championship  for  the  Tuxedo  Gold  Racquet.  Valued  at  $500, 
Presented  by  Hugh  Baring.— Clarence  H.  Mackav.  New  York  Racquet  and  Tennis  Club, 
defeated  George  H.  Brooke,  Philadelphia,  15—8.  15—8,  15—12.  As  a  result  of  this  contest 
at  Tuxedo,  Mackay,  in  winning  the  cup  three  years  In  succession,  it  became  his  per- 
sonal  property.  ^,         „     ,       ,   -     ^    , 

National  Racquet  in  Doubles.— R.  R.  Fincke  and  R.  D.  Wrenn,  New  York,  defeated 
Willing  Spencer  and  Edgar  Scott,   Philadelphia,   at  Boston,  15—4,   15—0,   15—0.   15—8. 

Canadian  Racquet  Championship— R.  F.  McDougall,  Montreal,  defeated  E.  Hewitt, 
New  York,    15—11,   8—15,    15—12,    17—14. 

The  swimming  season  of  1907  was  notable  for  the  development  of  swimmers  the  world 
over,  and  more  particularly  in  the  United  States.  The  number  and  quality  of  competing 
men  iniproved  wonderfullv.  To  Americans  the  feature  of  the  season  was  undoubtedly  the 
formation  of  an  intercollegiate  swimming  association.  Five  of  our  leading  colleges— Prince- 
ton, Y'ale,  Pennsylvania,  Harvard  and  Brown— took  membership  in  it,  which  shows  that- 
this  sport  is  becoming  an  important  university  sport.  ^      .  ,         .  j.,      -^^r        -o-     i 

Among  the  brilliant  performances  of  the  year  those  of  C.  M.  Daniels,  of  the  Ne\v  York 
A.  C,  stand  supreme.  His  100-yard  swim  in  55  2-5  sec.  in  the  championship  of  England 
is  the  most  sensational  performance  ever  credited  to  a  swimmer,  and  his  mile  in  23.40,  in 
a  00-foot  pool,  places  him  in  a  class  by  himself.  He  is  a  better  all-around  swimmer  than 
even  the  great  Barney  Reran,  of  Australia,  and  undoubtedly  the  fastest  sprinter  the  world 
has  ever  produced. 

NOTABLE    EVENTS    OF    1907.  ,,„_„„     ^      .  ^a 

National  A.  A.  U.  Championships  at  Jamestown  Exposition.  July  2o-27— Junior.  50 
yards.  J.  W.  Lawrence,  New  York  A.  C,  0.29;  plunge  for  distance.  C.  L.Healey,  Chicago 
A.  A.,  66  ft.;  back  stroke.  50  vards.  W.  R.  Quayle.  Chicago  A.  C.  0.3*  4-5;  440  yards. 
D.  Haffer,  N.  Y.  A.  C.  6,55  ^-5;  fancy  diving.  W.  Abbey.  Princeton:  100  yards.  Roy 
Nelson.  Baltimore  A.  C.  1.08  2-5;  breast  stroke,  50  yards.  R.  T.  Laughlm.  Chicago  A.  A.. 
0.;i7  3-5;  880  vards.  C.  C.  Mengel.  Yale,  and  G.  Gaidzik,  Chicago  A.  A.,  tied.  lo.Ol:  one 
mile.  V.  P.  Goodwin,  N.  Y.  A.  C,  .32.28;  220  yards.  W.  R.  Quayle.  Chicago  A.  A..  3.08  2-o. 
Senior— 100  yards,  C.  M.  Daniels.  N.  Y.  A.  C.  1.03  2-5:  880  yards  L  B.  Goodwin.  N.  Y. 
\.  C.  13.02  2-5;  back  stroke.  100  yards.  H.  J.  Handy.  Illinois  A.  C.  1.23;_one  mile,  H.  J. 
Handy,  I.  A.  C,  29.20  4-5;  220  yards.  C.  M.  Daniels,  N.  Y.  A.  C.  3.13  4-o;  breast  stroke. 
2(X)  yards,  H.  J.  Handy.  I.  A.  C,  3.17  3-5;  50  yards,  C.  M.  Daniels  N.  Y.  A.  C.  0.20  3-o 
440  vards.  C.  M.  Daniels.  N.  Y.  A.  C.  6.'26  4-5;  fancy  diving.  G.  Gaidzik,  Chicago  A.  C. 
plunge  for  distance.  C.  L.  Healey,  67  ft.  Point  honors— Junior.  Nev^^  York  A.  C..  37;  Chicago 
A.  A.  32;  Prmceton.  10;  Baltimore  A.  C.  6;  Yale,  .5.  Senior,  New  Y'ork  A.  C.  <3;  Illinois 
A.  C.    (Handy).   18;   Chicago  A.   C.   1">;   Baltimore  A.   C,   1.  .  ,  _,  u        < 

Metropolitan  A.  A.  U.  Championships  at  Brooklyn  Yacht  Club  Anchorage,  Bensonhurst, 


Siottwining, 


469 


SW I M  MING-  Continued. 


L.  I.—Jiiiiioi— 100  yards,  M.  C.  Manlcy.  N.  Y.  A.  C.  1.13  4-r,;  440  yards.  C.  P..  Trubenbacli. 
N.  Y.  A.  C,  0.27;  SSO  yards.  E.  E.  Wenck,  N.  Y.  A.  C,  15.07.  Senior— 100  yards.  J.  W, 
Lawrence,  N.  Y.  A.  C,  1.14;  S^O  yards,  L.  B,  Goodwin,  N.  Y.  A.  C,  15.16  2-5;  one  mile. 
L.  B.   Goodwin,   N.  Y.  A.   C..  30.08  -A-r^ 

Middle  States  A.  A.  U.  Championships  at  Schuylkill  River,  Lafayette,  Pa.,  Aug.  24. — 
Sackeit  Cup,  100  yards,  Dan  B.  Renear.  U.  of  Penn.,  1.08;  100  yards,  championship,  D.  B. 
Renoar,   1.00;  half  mile,   R.   Ferguson,   S.   B.   Y.   M.   C.   A..   14.58  3-5. 

C.  M.  Daniels  defeated  H.  J.  Handy  in  a  1,000-yard  match  race  in  the  N.  Y.  A.  C. 
tank,  Feb.  24,  and  broke  all  American  records  from  250  yards  up.  Daniels'  time,  13.21  3-5; 
Handy.   15.00. 

Intercollegiate  Championships. — Princeton  won  the  championship,  and  Yale  the  water 
polo  honors.  Ne^v  records  were:  50  and  100  yards.  Chambers,  Princeton,  0.27  1-5  and  1.03; 
220  yards,  Mengel  and  Richards.  Yale,  2.30  2-5;  plunge  for  distance,.  Sherman,  Yale,  67  ft.; 
200  yards  relay,   Yale,  2.00;   SOO  ft.   relay.   Princeton.   2.46  2-5. 

Marathon  Races. — N.  Y.  A.  C,  from  Travers  Island  to  Larchmont  Yacht  Club  house,  3^4 
miles.  Long  Island  Sound,  against  tide — L.  B.  Goodwin,  N.  Y.  A.  C.  2.05.15  2-5;  E.  E. 
Wenck,  second,  2.15.34.  Battery  Park  to  Coney  Island,  13  miles — Alfred  Brown  (4. .53. 00). 
Captain  of  the  Flushing  Bay  Station,  American  Life  Saving  Society,  waa  the  only  one  of 
four  starters  to  finish. 

SWIMMING  RECORDS. 


Amateur  Uecords. 


DiSTAXCB 


25  yard« 

50  yards 

60  yards 

75  yards 

loo  yards 

120  .yards 

150  >-ards 

200  yards 

220  yards 

300  yards 

SoO  yards 

4(10  yards 

4-i0  yards 

5itO  yards 

6i)0  yards 

Too  yards 

8oo  "yards 

880  \-ards 

900  yards 

1,000  yards 

1,100  yard 

1.200  yard., 

1..S00  yards 

1,320  yards 

1,400  yards 

l,5(i()  yards 

l.tioO  yards 

1,700  yards 

1  mile 

2  miles.... 


JIade  in  Bath. 


Holder. 


C.  M.  Daniels  (A.). 
V.  M.  Daniels  (A.). 
C.  ]\r.  Daniels  (A.). 
('.  M.  Daniels  (A. ). 
C.  M.  Daniels  (A.). 
C.  M.  Daniels  (A.). 
V.  M.  Daniels  (A.). 
B.  Kerau  (.4us.).... 
B.  Keran  (Aus. ).... 
B.  Keran  (Aus.).... 
F>.  Keran  (Aus. ).... 
B.  Keran  (Aus.).... 
B.  Keran  (Aus. ).... 
B.  Keran  (Aus.).... 

B.  Keran  (Aus.) 

B.  Keran  (Aus. ).,.. 
B.  Keran  (Aus.).... 
B.  Keran  (Aus. )..;. 
B.  Keran  (Aus. ).... 

B.  Keran  (Aus.) 

B.  Keran  (Aus.) 

B.  Kerau  (Aus.) 

B.  Keran  (Aus.) 

W.  Springfield  (Aus.) 

B.  Keran  (Aus. ) 

B.  Keran  (A us. ) 

B.  Keran  (Aus.  ) 

B.  Keran  (Aus. ) 

B.  Keran  ( .A  u.s.  ) 

Geo.  Read  (Aus.) 


Time. 


M.-ide  in  Open  Water. 


*Open  Water.  Others  m.Hde  in  baths. 


Holder. 


I 


[.M.S. 

113-5 
251-5 
811-5 
413-5 
55  2-5 

1.114-5 

1.33 

2.13  2-5 

2.28  2-5 

3.31  4-5 
4.13  4-5 
4.511-5 
5.19 
6.07  1-5 

7.32  2-5 
8  54  1-5 

10.113-5 
11.113-5 
11.35  2-5 


12.5-: 

14  221-5 
15.44 
17.U4  3-5 
18.07  1-5 
18.23  2-5 
19.47  4-5 
21.  9  2-5 
22.311-0 
23.16  4-5 
54.54 


A.Wickham  (Aus.) 


C.  Healy  (Aus.)... 
B.  Kei"an  (Aus.).. 
B.  Keran  (Aus.).. 


II.  Taylor  (E.).... 
D.  Biiiiiigton  (E.) 


Time. 


D.  Billiugton(E.). 


M.  s. 
243-5 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

58 

•  •  •  • 

2.35' 
5.22  i-5 

•  •  ■  « 

•  •  •  • 

ll.*252-5 
13.'344  5 

18!24' 


I'kofessional  Kkcoeps. 


Holder. 


J.  Nutall  (K.).... 
J.  Nutall  (K.).... 
D.  Billingtou(E.) 
D.Billingtou  (E.) 
.1.  Nutall  (E.).... 
D.  Billington(E.) 


D.Rilliugton  (E.) 
.L  Nutall  (K.).... 
D.  Billingtou  (E.) 


J.  Nutall  (E.).... 
D.Bi*iriugtou(E.) 


D.  Billington(E.) 


D.  Billingtou  (E. ).  24.422-5  J.  Nutall  (E,)..., 


Time. 


M..S. 


1M}6 
l.l«2-5 
1.39 
2.19 

2.;^7 

3.35 


5  03 
5.31 
6.18 


11.46 
13.16 

17.45  2-5 

26.08 


RECORDS  OP  WOMEN. 


75  vardslMissG.  Smith  (E.)... 

100  yardsjMissJ.  Fletcher  (E.). 

200  yardslMiss  E.  McKay  (E.).. 

440  yards  Miss  E.  McKay  (E.).. 

1  mile ,  Miss  KellersaanC  Aus.) 


.M.S. 

57  4-5 
1.17 
2.57 
6.51 


(A.)  American.    (Aus. )  Australian.    (E.)  English. 

MISCELLANE'GUS. 

Swimming  on  the  back— 100  yards,  C.  Martin  (E.),  1.13;  150  yards,  C.  Unwin  (E.),  1.57  45. 

Breast   stroke— 200  yards,   W.   W.    Robinson   (E.),   2.47. 

Plunge  for  distance— one  minute  time  limit— "W.  Taylor  (E.).  82  ft.  7  in. 

Under  water  swimming— E.   P.   Swateck  (A.),   106  yds.  2  ft. 

Five-men  relay  race— 500  yards,  Australian  team  (C.  Healy,  A.  Wickham,  J.  Yartakorer, 
H.  Baker.  F.  C.   V.  Lane),  5m.  4s. 

Four-men  relav  race— 200  yards,  bath.  New  York  A.  C  team  (C.  D.  Trubenbach.  L.  S. 
Crane.  T.  E.  Kitching.  C.  M.  Daniels),  1.48  1-5;  200  yards,  open  water.  New  York  A.  C. 
team  (C.  M.  Daniels,  L.  de  B.  Handley,  Bud  Goodwin,  J.  A.  Ruddy),  1.54  1-5. 

WATER  POLO  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
For  the  sixth  year  the  water  pofo  team  of  the  New  York  A.  C,  coached  by  the  great 
national  expert.  L.  de  B.  Handley,  showed  its  superiority  over  all  comers,  going  through 
the  season  of  1U07  without  a  defeat,  and  taking  the  national  championship  at  the  Jamestown 
Exposition.  The  men  who  took  part  in  the  most  important  matches  were  Captain  L.  de  B. 
Handley.  Ogden  M.  Reid,  Bud  Goodwin.  Dave  Hesser.  J.  A.  Ruddy.  C.  D.  Trubenbach. 
I^ester  Crane,  James  Steen  and  Foster  Naething.  Eight  match  games  were  played  during 
the  season,  the  N.  Y.  A.  C.  men  aggregating  31  points  to  5  for  their  opponents. 


470  Public  Schools   Athletic   League. 


}3ui)lic  ^cijools  .^tljlctic  Utaijuc. 

During  the  year  more  than  2,500  boys  of  the  public  schools  of  Greater  New  York  com- 
peted in  the  various  games  for  the  Elementary  and  High  School  boys.  THE  SUNDAY 
WORT.D  held  a  series  of  track  and  field  games  for  the  Elementary  schools,  and  THE 
E\I=^XING   World   gave  a  trophy  for  target   shooting. 

Best  records  in  all  events  are  as  follows: 

ELEMENTAR-^  SCHOOLS  INDOOR  RECORDS  (weight  classifications  only).— 50  yds. 
dash  (SO-lb.  class)— 6  4-5s. ;  H.  Linicus,  P.  S.  No.  9,  Bronx.  60  yds.  dash  (!>5-lb.  class;— 
7  4-5s.;  William  Harris,  P.  S.  No.  2,  Brooklyn.  70  yds.  dash  (115-lb.  cl^ss)— S  3-5s. ;  J.  O. 
Hare,  P.  S.  No.  18,  Manhattan.  100  yds.  dash  (unlimited  weight)— 11  3-5s. ;  G.  Phillips, 
^P.  S.  No.  19,  Manhattan.  220  yds.  run  (unlimited  weight)— 26  l-5s. ;  F.  Suarez,  Jr.,  P.  S. 
Ko.  3,  Brooklyn.  360  yds.  relay  (80-lb.  classj— 47  2-5s. ;  P.  S.  No.  77,  Manhattan.  440 
yds.  relay  (95-lb.  class)— 55s.;  P.  S.  No.  40,  Manhattan.  880  yds.  relay  (unlimited  weight)— 
Im.  511-5S.;  P.  S.  No.  166,  Manhattan.  Putting  8-lb.  shot  (115-lb.  class)— 32ft.  6in.;  W. 
Vaughn,  P.  S.  No.  6,  Manhattan.  Putting  12-lb.  shot  (unlimited  weight)— :^6ft.  1  l-Sin.; 
O.  Heintz,  P.  S.  No.  123,  Brooklyn.  Standing  broad  jump  (SO-lb.  class)— 7ft.  Sin.;  E.  Lieb, 
P.  S.  No.  32,  Bronx.  Running  high  jump  (95-lb.  class)— 4ft.  6in.;  J.  Van  Alst,  P.  S.  No. 
10,   Brooklyn. 

ELEMENTARY  SCHOOLS  OUTDOOR  RECORDS.— 50  yds.  dash  (SO  lbs.)— G  2-5s. ;  C. 
Schneider,  P.  S.  No.  77,  Manhattan.  60  j'ds.  dash  (95  lbs.)— 7  l-5s.;  J.  Meffert,  P.  S.  No.  77, 
Manhattan.  70  yds.  dash  (115  lbs.)— Ss. ;  N.  Patto,  P.  S.  No.  77,  Manhattan.  100  yds. 
dash  (unlimited  weight)— lis. ;  D.  Conklin,  P.  S.  No.  25,  Manhattan.  360  yds.  relay  (SO 
lbs. )— 44  4-.5s. ;  P.  S.  No.  77,  Manhattan.  440  yds.  relay  (95  lbs.)— .52  3-5s.;  P.  S.  No.  40. 
Manhattan.  440  yds.  relay  (115  lbs.)— 50  2-5s.;  P.  S.  No.  24,  Manhattan.  880  yds.  relay 
(heavy  weight)— Im.  41s.;  P.  S.  No.  24,  Manhattan.  Running  broad  jump  (SO  lbs.)— 17ft.; 
J.  Keller,  P.  S.  No.  77,  Manhattan.  Running  high  jump  (SO  lbs.) — 1ft.  5%in. ;  W.  Fisher. 
P.  S.  No.  40,  Manhattan.  Running  broad  jump  (95  lbs.)— 16ft.  lli/Un.;  C.  Thompson,  P.  S. 
No.  144,  Brooklyn.  Running  high  jump  (95  lbs.)— 4ft.  Sin.;  Zeiss,  P.  S.  No.  18.  Manhattan. 
Putting  S-lb.  shot  (115  lbs.)— 38ft.  7in.;  J.  Dobin,  P.  S.  No.  10,  Brooklyn.  Running  broad 
jump  (115  lbs.)— ISft.  Si4in.;  N.  Sloane,  P.  S.  No.  12,  Bronx.  Putting  12-lb.  shot  (heavy 
weight)— 36ft.  2il>in.;  Rappaport,  P.  S.  No.  6.  Manhattan.  Running  high  jump  (heavy 
weight— 5ft.   2in.;   J.   Myer,   P.   S.   No.   9,   Brooklyn. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  INDOOR  RECORDS.— Juniors.— 100  j^ds.  dash— 11  l-5s.;  L.  Perkins, 
Commerce.     220  yds.   dash— 26s.;  A.   Cozzens,   Manual  Training. 

Seniors.— 50  yds.  dash— 6s. ;  E.  C.  Jessup,  Boys'.  100  yds.  dash— 10  3-5s. ;  E.  C.  Jessup. 
Boys.  220  yds.  run— 26s. ;  L.  R.  Murphy,  Bovs'.  440  yds.  run— 56  2-5s. ;  R.  A.  Geis,  Com- 
merce. 880  yds.  run— 2m.  10  3-5s. ;  A.  B.  Collins,  Boys'.  1-mile  run— 4m.  49  l-5s. ;  G.  Hurl- 
but,  De V\  itt  Clmton.  100  yds.  high  hurdles— 14  3-5s. ;  A.  L.  Goulden.  Bojis'.  880  yds.  midget 
'i^'^^'";-'"''-  •1^4-.)S.;  Morris  (Wilson,  Flood,  Hands,  Blumj.  880  yds.  freshman  relay— Im. 
44s.;  Manual  Training  (G.  Kelly,  G.  Dale,  E.  Minden,  A.  Cozzens).  704  yds.  freshman 
relay--lm.  24  3-5s.;  Boys'  (C.  S.  Bryce,  L.  E.  Fackner,  E.  B.  Jones.  A.  G.  Salmon).  1-mile 
school  relay— 3m.  48s.;  Erasmus  Hall  (J.  Kopke,  E.  B.  Hutchings,  Ray  McNulty.  E.  J. 
O  Connor).  100-lb.  relay  (440  yds.)— 53  3-5s. ;  DeWitt  Clinton  (J.  K.  Winkler,  C.  Hunicke. 
J.  Shapiro,  L.  Vogel).  120-lb.  relay  (SSO  yds.)— Im.  45  3-5s.;  DeWitt  Clinton  (J.  Stoughton, 
A.  Wronker,  A.  Harris,  R.  Proskauer).  Putting  12-lb.  shot— 42ft.  SVUn.;  C.  Hirschman, 
Commerce.      Running   high   jump— 5ft.    3i^in. ;   J.    L.    Taw,   DeWitt   Clinton. 

HIGH  SCHOOLS  OUTDOOR  RECORDS.— Junior.— 100  yds.  dash— 10.  3-5s. ;  George  Mc- 
Nulty, Erasmus  Hall.     220  yds.  run— 23  3-5s.;   George  McNulty,   Erasmus  Hall. 

Senior.— 100  yds.  dash— 10  2-5s. ;  A.  Cozzens,  TVIanual  Training.  220  vds.  dash— 22  4-5s. ; 
b  Tompkins,  DeWitt  Clinton.  440  yds.  run— 52  4-5s.;  A.  Cozzens,  Manual  Training.  8S0 
yds.  run— 2m.  5  2-5s.;  D.  Whitney,  Erasmus  Hall.  1-mile  run~4m.  40.T-5s.;  F.  Youngs. 
Manual  Traming.  120  yds.  high  hurdles— 16  4-5s. ;  James  S.  Wilev,  DeWitt  Clinton.  220 
yds.  low  hurdles— 26  2-5s.;  H.  Starr,  Boys'.  1-mile  schools  relav— 3m.  34  3-5s.;  Commerce 
(K.  McAlpin,  N.  Pfletschinger,  L.  Vorhis,  R.  A.  Geis).  100-lb.  relay  (440  yds.)— 51s. ;  Com- 
merce (^\eurfeld,  Wronker,  Simpson,  Barrett).  120-lb.  relav  (SSO  vds.)— Im.  40  2-5s. ; 
DeWitt  Clinton  (A.  Wronker,  R.  Proskauer,  T.  Spates.  J.  Stoughton).  Heavv-weight  relav 
(1  mile)— 3m.  37  4-5s. ;  Manual  Training  (A.  Cozzens,  E.  Lvnch,  A.  Clunan,  G.  Dale).  Run- 
ning high  jump— 5ft.  6in.;  H.  Hoffman.  Commerce.  Running  broad  jump— 21ft.  2  in.;  H. 
Lucllam.  Commerce.  Pole  vault— Oft.  lOin. ;  M.  F.  Harmon,  Bovs'.  Putting  12-lb.  shot— 
44ft.  eVoin.;  H.  Hirschman,  Commerce.  Throwing  the  discus  (Greek  style)— 104ft.  10:!4in.; 
D.   Matthews,  Erasmus  Hall.  '  ^ 

TARGET    SHOOTING.- 

President  Roosevelt  offered  as  a  pri-e  to  the  boy  making  the  best  record  in  target 
shooung    a    personal    letter    of    commendation.      It    was    won    by    A.    Scharfenberg.      Thirty- 


J^encbiq. 


471 


competed,    and   the   best   possibl.  score   was   170.      Scores   of   the   first  ten  boys 


A. 
A. 
T. 


J. 
L.. 
A 
J. 
A 


63 

65 
59 
62 
60 


cig-ht   boys 
follow: 

^      ,      ,        Wliitnev 
Kame  and  High  School.        Match. 

A.    Scharfenberg,    Man-   ^ 

ual    Training t>0 

C,    Slaughter,    Boys' 47 

Garcia,    Curtis 48 

Leach,   Boys' 48 

Byrnes,    Morris 47 

INTERSCHOLASTIC 
Number  of  boys 

Name  and  School.       100  yds 

A.    V.    Arnold,    Boys' 23 

Ehrlich,    Morris 24 

Oeder,    Morris 21 

A.    Leach.   Jr.,    Boys'  23 

H.    Byrnes,    Morris...  23 

Garcia,    Curtis 21 


Gun  Cn.  I>u  Pont 
Match.  Match.  Total. 


45 

43 
4C 
42 
44 


158 
1.^)5 
153 
1.52 
151 


Name  and  High  School 

Wil'iam      Slichter,      _ 

Witt    Clinton 4< 

W.  Frees,  Commercial.  4'.) 
E.  J.  Carr,  Commerce.  48 
E.  Galloway,  Curtis...  47 
J.    Ehrlich,    Morris 40 

RIFLE    MATCHES    AT    CREEDMORE. 

competing,   59.      Possible   score,   50. 


Whitney  Gun  Co.  Du  Pont 
Match.'    Matth.   Mawh.    Total 

Ue 


65 
56 
62 
61 

58 


38 
45 
39 
40 
41 


150 
1.50 
149 
148 
148 


400  yds.  Total. 

24  47 
23  47 

25  46 
23  46 

23  46 

24  45 


Name  and  School.         IQO  yds.  400  yds    Total. 
C.    J.    Austrian,    Stuyve- 
sant    

I,  Terwilliger,  Bryant.. 
C.  A.  Warner,  Commerce 
G.    Thompson,    Morris... 


24 
21 
23 
23 


22 
24 
22 
22 


46 
45 
45 
45 


THE  SUB-TARGET  GUN  MACHINE  COMPxVNY  MATCH  (INDOOR) 
Number  of  boys   competing,   51.      Possible   score.   70. 


Name  and  School.         100  yds.  400  yds.  Total 

W.     Hickerson,     Manual 

Training 32  34 

C.   W.   Slaughter,   Boys'.     30  So 

"W.    Schlichter,    De    Witt 

Clinton 32  33 

A.     Scharfenberg,     Man- 
ual Training •. . . .      30  33 

ELEMENTARY    SCHOOLS    INDOOR 

F.  Bourgognon,  P.  S.  No^  77,  Manhattan. 


66 
65 

65 


R. 

G. 
E. 
C. 
A. 

S. 


Name  and  School 


100  yds. 


De  Mott,  Boys' 32 


Manhattan.     60  yds.    (115  lbs.)— 48  2-5s. ;   H. 
(unlimited   weight)— 57s.;   J.   McLoughlin,    P. 


Calloway,    Bryant. 
J.   Carr,    Commerce. . 
A.  Warner,  Commerce 

A.   Leach,   Boys' 

Fletcher,   Commercial 

63 
SWIMMING    MEET.— 20 
40  vds.   (95  lbs.)— 30s. ;  E. 


30 
28 
30 
33 
34 


400  yds 
31 
32 
34 

32 
29 

28 


Total. 
63 
62 
62 

•  62 
02 
62 


McDoriough.   P.    S.    No. 
S.    No.    S7,    Manhattan. 


vds.  (80  lbs.)— 15  3-5s. ; 
McAuliffe.  P.  S.  No.  6, 
6.   Manhattan.     80  yds. 

160  yds.    relay   (unlim- 


jht)— 2m.    7  4-5s. ; 


P.    S      No.    77,  ■  Manhattan'    (Culhane,    Meffert,    R.     Storace.     T, 


yds.)— 17  2-5s  ; 
75  yds.  race— 
47  4-5s. ;    Com- 


ited    weij 

Storace^)^   SCHOOL  INDOOR   SWIMMING   CHAMPIONSHIR-Tub   race    (20 
G.    Guiteras,    Commerce.      50    yds.    rac8-35s. ;    C.    Beavers.    Erasmus    Hall 
57  n-ns  ;    M.    Thompson.    Commerce.      Relay   race    (160   yds.),    four   bo>s— Im. 
mprce  (O'Neill    H.  Greenwald.  J.  Boyle,  M.  Thompson).  ,    ,,       ,.  ^  -i    . 

HIGH  SChSoL  ROWING  CH.iMPIO*ISHIP.-Eight-oared  shell,  distance,  one  mi  e; 
Harleiri  River  course:  time.  5m.  35s.-Won  by  High  School  of  Commerce  (F.  P.  ONeill. 
stroke  cantain-  H  Stelnkamp,  2;  P.  Harnishfeger.  3;  H.  Gottschaldt  4,  W.  H.  .Grott.  .), 
w  r  -Rnwlhearl  M-r  6-  J  H  Veseley.  7;  B.  K.  Garvin,  bow;  W.  Kremer.  coxswain, 
won?D?Witt  (^finton.iecond  The  ofhir  crews  finished  in  the  following  order:  Stuyvesant, 
Townse^^.  farris  Hall  Morris  ^^^^^  CHAMPIONSHIPS.-44p  yds^54  l-5s  ;  Lawrence. 
CreminTDe^Mtt  Clinton.  880  yds.-lm.  56  4-5s.;  Louis  Barnett.  DeWitt  Clinton.  1-mile- 
3m.  59  2-03.;  Lawrence  Cremin,  DeWitt  Clinton. 


jFcncCns- 


The   various   tournaments   held   under   the    auspices    of   the    Amateur   Fencers'    League 

°'  ^New 'lorf  ^Athle^tlc' c'lub"  won    the    three-weapon    cup    against    the    Brooklyn    Fencers' 
Cub  and  New  York  Turn  Verein.     Wiuners-V.   Curti,   A.   G.   Anderson,  WD    Lyon. 

ChampioiT  Team    Cup,    Foils.-Won    by    New    York   Athletic    Club;    A.    G.    Anderson.    V. 

^"'' s'altXs   Cup^S   Medals.-Won   by   New   York   Athletic  Club;   Charles   Bothner,   W.   D. 
Lyon.    V.    Curti. 

National   Championships. — Winners: 

Foil.— C.    Waldbott.    F.    Lage.    V.    Curti.  „-    tr.  i      ^ 

Duelling  Sword.— W.   D.   Lyon,   P.   Benzenberg.   W.   Eckard. 

Sabre— A.     G     Anderson.    K.    B.    Johnson,    F.    J.    Byrne.  ,  .  ,. 

The    fourteenth     annual    intercollegiate    fencirtg    competition    was    won    by  _  Annapolis 
Ei-ht    teams    competid,    the    champion  being    formerly    held    by    West    Point.       Final 

scores  wer?'     Annapolis  won   14  and  lost  4  bouts:   W^est  Point  won   10  and  lost  8,   and  Cor- 
neH   won   3   and   losl   15.      Yale,    Columbia,    Harvard,    Pennsylvania,    and    Princeton   finished 

'"^  'lmno?t1fnt"^fenc1n-  bouts  of  the  vear  were  as  follows:  West  Point  beat  Cornell  5  bouts 
to  4  AnnLpo  is  bea^PeSSvlvania^  0  bouts  to  3:  Princeton  beat^Pennsylvania  6  bouts  to  3; 
Wett  Point^beat  yIic  6  b^outs  to  1:  West  Point^beat  Columbia  7  bouts  to  2:  Co'-^^^^^^^b^^^ 
Cornell  5  bouts  to  4"  Annapolis  beat  Cornell  7  bouts  to  2:  West  Point  beat  I  rinceton  i 
boits  to  2  ^nnaoolis  beat  Columbia  5  bouts  to  4.  Cornell  won  m  a  triangular  contest 
with  6  DOints  to  2  for  Yalp  and  1  for  Harvard.  Yale  won  a  triangular  contest,  with  12 
nointstriO  for  Columbia  and  5  for  Ma.ssachusetts  Technology.  ^  .,  ^ 
^  West  Point  won  the  Skltus  medals  for  junior  competition  with  foils  ^cores  by  rounds: 
Brooklvn  F  C  .  5"  New  York  Turn  Verein.  2;  West  P_oint,  5;  New  York  A.  C.  1;  New 
York  Fe"icers'  6lub.  5;   Brooklyn  F^  -  2;   West  Point    .,;   Fencers'  gl"J-  2. 

The  Inter-Club  series  between "••ston  A.  A.  and  New  YgiK  A,  C.  result^q  m  a  yiciory 
fpr  the  former— 5  bouts  to  4, 


472 


Canoe  Racing, 


In  the  Spring  of  190G  one  hundred  grammar  schools  in  New  York  City  held  individual 
sets  of  field  day  games.  This  great  series  of  athletic  meets,  known  as  the  Sunday  Wor^d 
Field  Days,  was  planned  by  the  Sundaj^  World,  which  also  gave  the  prizes.  The  games 
were  under  the  direction  of  the  New  York  Public  Schools  Athletic  League'  They  were 
held  in  every  borough  of  the  city.  All  the  playground  parks  of  Manhattan  equipned 
with  running  tracks  were  used,  armories  in  Manhattan  and  Brooklyn,  the  roof  ^^on- 
nasiums  of  some  of  the  larger  schools,  fields  in  the  outlying  districts,  and  the  tracks  of 
Virions  athletic  clubs.  The  programme  of  each  of  the  meets  consisted  of  individual  and 
relay  races,  jumping  and  weight  throwing. 

In    the   Spring   of   1907   the   Sunday    World   separate    school   field   days    were    continued 
one  hundred  schools  again   holding  the   meets.     The  same  number   of  medals   were  awarded 
as   in   1906.      This  year   the   boys   were   divided   into   classes   according   to   their  wei^-hts     and 
there    were    contests    for    each    of    the    following    classes:      SO-pound    boys.    95-noiind   'hnvti 
115-pound  boys  and  in  unlimited  class  of  heavier  weights.  t>o  puuna    ooys. 

Both  in  1906  £ind  1907  there  was  a  grand  final  meet  in  the  Autumn,  in  which  the 
100  schools  that  had  held  Sunday  World  field  days  during  the  year  were  each  entitled 
to  enter  twenty  contestants.  These  big  final  meets  excited  much  interest  Ten  thousand 
people  witnessed  the  exciting  contests  for  the  championship  gold,  silver  and  hrnn^A 
medals  at  Celtic  Park  in  the  1907  meet.  '  "^    oronze 

•      .i"  *'i?,'^^'°  yQ^\-s  of  the  Sunday  World  Field  Days  nearly  40,000  boys  have  taken  nar.t 
in   the   athletic  games.      The   percentage   of  boys   entering   the  games   was   very   lar-e     from 
many  of  the  schools  exceeding  50  per  cent,   of  the  total  enrolment  in  the  grammar  trades 
wtale    in    some   it   went    very   much    higher,    an    unprecedented   record   in   New    York   school 


field  athletics. 

An  honor  plaque,  a 
World  to  the  school  in 
of  boys   in  its  field  day. 


large  shield  appropriately  inscribed,   was  presented  by  the  Sundav 

^^nl"    °^   *"®   ^1^'^    boroughs    which    entered    the    largest    percentage 

ner   cent  •    csr-hnnr  Mo "w    ^  ^^®  were  awarded  as  follows:     School  No.   7.   Manhattan,  89.32 

ana  d'e?„?t-mlnt^„^ia"^e"ilef'fh'e''i'lS,e''s°^a?">?;i.?ft,J  ISi?i?d'"'=''  ■""^''  '"  -"olarshlp  effort 

Sept^28?'l'907:^''^  *^^  ""^^"^^^  °^  *^^  Sunday  World  Grand  Final  Field  Day.  at  Celtic  Park, 

Perry,  P.   S.   101.  Brooklyn.     Time,  7s. 
Rabinowitz.  P.   s.  62,  Manhattan.     Time,  8s. 
Sherm,  P.  S.  40.  Manhattan.     Time,  8  2-.5s 
Ottmger,  P.   S.  40.   Manhattan.     Time    9  2-ns 


.'50-yard  dash, 
60-yard  dash, 
70-yard  dash, 
80- yard  da»h, 
90- yard  dash, 


80-pound 
95-pound 
SO-pound 
95-pound 


class — Won 
class^Won 
class — Won 
class — Won 


by  A. 
by  H. 
by  W. 
by  G. 


115-pound  class— Won  by  M.  Palto,  P.   S 


dash,    unlimited   weight— Won   by   S. 


100-yard   dash,    unlimited  "weight— Won  "bV^Z 
ij-5s. 

220-yard 
l-5s. 

300-yard  relay  race,   80-pound  class— Won  by 
Gilbert.    H.    Harris.    J.    Hodgins).      Time.    4Ss.      ■■ 
440-yard  relay  race,  95-pound  class— Won  by  P 
Adelman.  G.   Densroche,  G.   Beck).     Time    54s 

o^T,4^^"i^'^^^  i^^^^^'  ^^S?'   115-pound  class— Woii  by  P. 
Schiff,  B.  McGowan,   O.   Powers).     Time,  54  2-5s: 


11 
27 
M. 


77,  Manhattan.     Time,  lO 
P.    S.    62,    Manhattan. 


4-DS. 
Time. 


Goldstein, 

Salvatore,    P.    S.    19,    Manhattan.     Time, 

P.   S.   89,   Manhattan   (team,   F.   Pruesch, 

S.  40,  Manhattan  (team,  J.  Lamm,   H. 

S.  10,  Manhattan  (team,  H.  Senler,  L. 


FIELD   EVENTS. 
36  ff  ""S^  ^^^  12-pound  shot,  unlimited  weight  class-Won  by  J.  Elliott,  P.   S.   12.  Bronx. 
lOy^^im  "'"^  ^^""^^  ^"'"^^'  SO-P°""<^  class-Won  by  E.   Bernstein,  P.    S.   84.   Brooklyn,   14  ft. 

¥!fo  i-'""^^"  ^^i'-POund  class— Won  by  H.  Crowe,  P.   S.  32,   Bronx    4  ft    fii^  in 
Broad  jump.   115-pound  class— Won  by  W     Klaees    PR    1     r),iPPn<=r   ift  It     in  \^ 
The  Sunday  World  point  trophy  was  won^by  P^S.'  77.  Manh?t"lnf '  ^^  "'   ^^  '°' 


(Jtauoc  2aaciuj3* 


T«„'^'^^  national  regatta  of  the  American  Canoe  Association  was  held  at  Sua-ar  T<!lflr.rT  c^t 
Lawrence   River,   in   August,   1907,    with   the   following  results-  ^       Island,   St. 

second.  ^Time,''lh.''S.3m^1os"^'  ^""^"^  ^^"^''  ^  "^"^^-W-  J-  I^^dd  won;  H.  M.  Moore, 
Time.^§?."o4m'!^40s.^''^'^'^  '^^''°'''  "'^^^  "^"^s-H.  D.  Murphy  won;  D.  B.  Goodsell.  second. 
wonfA.^M.'^Po?fe!"se'?ond'  ^^'""^  '^''°P^^'  *^^^-  ^^^^"'  ^  "^"^^  each-George  P.  Douglass 
Nel|-.^on:\.''[^^5l'kth^er,'SAd'     TlmV  ^C^'V.?^'''''    ^^raightaway   racing   class-E.    B. 

Time^^r.m^   S^'Ss  '''"Tandem^s'in^/r- n^'^"'li^-"^7  ^-JM^^^   ^'«":    F.    J.    Kenny,    second. 

Gray    second.     Time    4m^"  o'\^'^'%„""r'^^'f    |">'e-R^  Mather    won;    Kenny    and 

•      ^""®'   *'"•   ••"--•'i'-     bingle  Doubles,   one-half  mile— E.   B.   Nellis  won;   A.   G. 


Chess.  473 

.—  —  -y  ■        ■  —    _        _  —      .      ,  -    .  ■ .         ■  ,        _  .  —  ■  „  I  ■    ■ .  , . 

CANOE  RXCl^Q— Co utiniud. 


Mather,  second.     Time,   4in.   Sis.      Tandem   Doubles,   one-half  mile — Mather  and   Nellis   won; 
Rouse   and   Kenny,    second.      Time,   4m.    los. 

Cruising   Class,    Single    Single,    one-half   mile — A.    A.    Vail   won; Sparrow,    second. 

Time,    5m.    273.      Tandem    Single,    one-half   mile— Walker   and   Vail   won;    Pratt   and   Hunter, 
second.     Time,  4m.   37s.     Single  Doubles,   one-half  mile— H.   D.   Murphy  won;   E.   V.  Walker, 
second.      Time,  5m.  O^^s.     Tandem  Doubles,   one-half  mile — Walker  and  Vail  won;   Sparrow 
r  and  Spink,   second.     Time,   4m.   40s. 

The  meet  for  190S  will  be  held  on  August  7-21  at  Sugar  Island. 

NEW    YORK    AND    BROOKLYN    RACES. 

The  New  Yoik  Canoe  Club  races  were  held  September  9  and  those  of  the  Brooklyn 
Club   September  23.      The   results   follow: 

New  York  Club:  Half-Mile  Open  Race,  Single— A.  M.  Poole  won;  W.  H.  Sayles. 
second.  Time,  2m.  2%s.  Half-Mile  Open  Tandem — Robinson  and  Douglass  won;  Roeloff  and 
Muriel,  second.  Time,  Im.  42  2-;js.  Half-Mile  Race,  Four  Paddling— Clayton,  Poole, 
Sawyer,  and  Plummer  won;  Muriel,  Sayles.  Roeloff,  and  Robinson,  second.  Time,  52s. 
Tail-end  Race — J.  P.  Douglass  won;  W.  B.  Robinson,  second.  Time,  Im.  42s.  Three-Mile 
Open  Race— R.   S.   Foster  won.      Time,   Ih.   14m. 

Brooklyn  Club:  Half-Mile  Tandem  Paddling— R.  .T.  Wilkin  and  W.  S.  Hallett  won; 
.  R.  A.  Marshall  and  H.  A.  Raitzenstein,  second;  J.  F.  Eastmond  and  J.  M.  Buchanan, 
third.  Half-Mile,  Deck-Sailing  Canoes,  Double-Blade  Paddling,  for  the  Rudd  Trophy — 
R.  J.  Wilkin  won;  J.  F.  Eastmond.  second.  Half-Mile.  Open-Blade  Paddling— H.  A. 
Raitzenstem  won;  R.  J.  Wilkin,  second;  A.  W.  V/alter,  third.  Three-Mile  Sailing  Race- 
Thomas  Brown  won;   R.  J.  Wilkin,  second. 


Foi,i.oWEB3  of  chess  enjoyed  the  rare  treat  of  witnessing  a  match  for  the  world's  championship 
in  1907,  between  Dr.  Emanuel  Lasker,  holder  of  the  title  since  1893,  and  Frank  J.  Marshall.  The 
match  wasforapiu-se  of  $1,000  and  play  began  in  Brooklyn  on  January  26.  Series  of  the  games 
were  also  played  in  Manhattan,  Philadelphia,  Washington,  Baltimore,  Chicago,  and  Memphis. 
Dr.  Lasker  won,  the  final  score  on  April  5  being:  Dr.  Lasker  8,  Marshall  0,  drawn  7. 

The  revival  of  the  international  Ciible  matches  bet-ween  America  and  C4reat  Britain  was  another 
feature  of  tlie  year  and  the  Sir  Cieorge  Newnes  trophy,  held  by  tlie  Brooklyn  Chess  Club  for  eight 
years,  was  recovered  by  the  City  of  Loudon  Chess  Club  by  a  s;ore  of  5>^  to  4>^,  on  February  22  and  23. 

The  fifteenth  annual  tournament  between  Columbia,  Harvard,  Yale  and  Princeton,  held  in  New 
\  ork  during  the  Christmas  holidavs,  was  won  by  Columbia  with  a  score  of  llj^  out  of  a  possible  12. 
Tlie  winning  team  comprised  .1.  R.  Capablanca,  L.  J.  Wolff,  H.  Blumberg  and  O.  Brown.  Harvard 
finished  second  with  8  points,  Princeton  third  with  'S^  and  Yale  last  with  one  point. 

A  tie  between  Brown  University  and  the  University  of  Pennsvlvaniaj,  at  5  points  each  out  of  a 
possible  8,  was  the  outcome  of  the  eighth  annual  meeting  of  the  Triaugmar  College  Chess  League 
held  just  before  the  new  year.    Cornell  finished  third  with  2  series  won  aiid  6  lost. 

On  February  12,  the  championship  tournament  of  the  New  York  State  Chess  Association,  with 
ten  entries,  resulted  in  the  victory  of  Julius  Finn,  who  scored  3V<,  points  in  four  rounds.  A  tie  for 
second  place  at  2>g  points  each  resulted  between  H.  Helms,  P.  Johner  and  C.  Jaffe.  The  general 
tournament,  with  12  entries,  was  won  by  J.  H.  Taft,  Jr.,  of  the  Polvtechnic  Preparatory  School  of 
Brooklyn,  after  a  tie  with  J.  Patay.     Other  prizes  were  won  by  F.  F.  Russell,  third;  O.  W.  Field  and 

B.  Bernstein,  fourth  and  fifth. 

A  match  for  the  woman's  chess  championship  of  the  United  States  was  plaved  between  Mrs. 

C.  P  Frey  of  Newark,  N.  .L ,  and  Mrs.  H.  R.  Burgess  of  St  Louis,  Mo. ,  at  the  Martha  Washington 
Hotel,  New  York,  March  2  to  9.  It  resulted  in  favor  of  Mrs.  Burgess,  the  challenger,  by  the  score 
of  4  wins,  1  lo.ss  and  1  draw. 

On  March  23,  the  Universities  of  America  and  England  plaved  by  cable  for  the  seventh  time. 
America,  represented  by  players  from  Columbia,  Harvard  and  Yale,  scored  3  points,  as  did  Great 
Britain,  represented  by  Oxford  and  Cambridge.  The  match  went  on  record  as  a  tie  and  the  Isaac  L. 
Rice  trophy  remained  abroad. 

The  tournament  of  the  Greater  New  York  Tnterscholastic  Chess  League  was  concluded  on  March 
16,  with  the  Brooklyn  Boys'  High  School  winner  of  the  I.  L.  Rice  trophy, 

The  annual  champion.ship  tournament  of  the  Manhattan  and  Brooklyn  Clubs  were  won  bv  Paul 
Johner  and  Charles  Curt,  respectively.  On  May  30  the  Manhattan  Chess  Club  defeated  the  Franklin 
Chess  Club  of  Philadelphia  by  10>$  to  5^. 

Members  of  the  New  York  State  Chess  Association  indulged  in  a  novel  contest  during  the  week 
of  August  23-29,  when  the  Rice  trophy  and  general  tournaments  were  held  on  board  the  steamship 
Alexandria,  plying  between  Charlotte.  N.  Y.,  and  Quebec.  State  Champion  Finn  represented  the 
association  and  won  the  troiihy.  D.  F.  Searle,  of  Rome,  N.  Y.,  and  H.  Ziru,of  Brooklyn,  tied  for 
first  place  in  the  general  contest. 
•  E.  Michelsen,of  Chicas;o,won  the  championship  of  the  Western  Chess  Association,  held  at 
Excelsior,Mimi.,  August  19-25.  J.  Daniels,  Kansas  City,  was  second.  The  Mississippi  State  meeting 
at  Castalian  Springs  was  won  by  M.  D.  McGrath,  of    Brookhaven. 

Of  the  principal  international  tournaments  held  abroad,  (t.  shories,  of  England,  won  the  atnateur 
event  at  Ostend;  Dr.  S.  Tarra.sch,of  Germany,  the  Masters  Championship  at  Ostend,  and  A.  Rubin- 
stein, of  Russia,  and  Dr.  O.  S.  Bernstein,  of  Germany,  tied  for  chief  honors  in  the  General  Masters' 
tournament  there.  A  Ilubenstein  won  the  tournament  at  t'arlsbad;  .Tacqnes  Mieses,  of  Germany, 
won  at  Vienna;  F.  J.  Marshall,  of  America,  at  the  Cafe  de  hi  Regence  in  Paris;  and  P.  S.  Leouhardt, 
of  Germany,  at  Copenhagen. 

Underthe  auspices  of  the  ^wi^^^wV-au  Chess  Bulletin,  Dr,  E.  Lasker  and  F.  J.  Marshall  both  made 
extensive  tours  of  the  United  States. 

(Edited  by  Herman  Helms). 


474 


Tlie  American   Turf. 


^Tijc  .^mrn'can  <!ruvC/ 

(Kevised    to    December    1,    ItiUT.) 

Aside  from  the  verv  successful  season  at  the  MeLroiJuliian  tracks  and  the  interesting 
features  of  lo.-al  interest,  the  turf  year  for  the  thuroujjabreds  was  especially  marked  in 
the  success  of  Richard  Croker,  who  won  the  English  Derby  with  a  horse  of  American 
l.reedini'  and  an  American  jockey;  the  wonderful  career  oi  the  peerless  Colin,  and  tlve 
stable  wiifnins^of  James  R.  Keen4,  which  aggregated  slightly  above  $400,000-the  largest 
amount  ever  won  by  any  one  owner  in  the  world.  ..       t^     ,        t,-  t       h     j 

Two  other  Americans,  aside  from  Mr.  Croker,  have  won  the  Derby— I'lerre  Lorillard 
with  IroQUois  in  ISM.  and  the  late  AVilliam  C.  Whitney  with  Volodyoski.  in  1001,  but 
these  were  not  of  the  owners'  breeding.  Oiby.  the  chestnut  son  of  Orme  and  the 
American  mare  Rlioda  1!..  was  bred  by  Mr.  Croker,  who  also  headed  the  list  of  winning 
owners  on  the  Irish  turf  for  1!»07. 

A  large  part  of  Mr.  Keene's  winnings  came  from  three  of  the  great  horses  of  the 
vear— Colin  .f i;;i  ouO;  IVter  Pan,  $ST.O(m»,  and  IJallot,  $.'•!>, OUO.  The  Duke  of  Portland  held 
the  former  record  of  $:Jti;»,2!)2  won  in  is.sy,  a  large  part  by  Donovan,  a  three-year-old  by 
Oalopin-Mowerina,  $l!»;i,;j."j.^)  won  in  eight  starts  of  seven  victories  and  one  second;  Ayrshire, 
?l<Mi42rj.  and  Semolina.  .i!4."..();J2.  The  record  of  Colin  as  compared  with  his  grandsne. 
Domino,    in    ISiCi   follows,    it    being   remembered,    hov/ever,    that    the   Futurity  tof 


that    year 


was  worth  $4!».3r)0  and   other  stakes  were  also 
except  in  the  Eclipse,  when  Mountain  was  up. 

COLIN'S    RECORD, 

Races.  Wt.     Time 

Purse,  five  fur.,   straight.  ..110 

National  Stallion,  five  fur- 
longs,   straight 122 

Eclipse,  five  and  a  half 
furlongs,    straight 125 

Great  Trial,  six  furlongs. 
Futurity    Course 129 

Brighton  Junior,  six  fur...  127 

Saratoga  Special,  six  fur.. 122 

Grand  Union  Hotel  Stakes, 
six    furlongs 127 

Futurity,  six  furlongs,  Fu- 
turity   Course 125 

Flatbush,  seven  furlongs. 
Futurity    Course 120 

Brighton  Produce,   six  fur.l2."i 

Matron  Stakes  (colts),  six 
furlongs,    straight 129 

Champagne  Stakes,  seven 
furlongs,   straight 122 


richer.     Miller  had  all   the  mounts  on  Colin, 


1.01 

0.58 

1.063-5 

1.122-5 
1.121-5 
1.12 

1.1.'} 


Value. 

$940 

9,G62 

8,735 

19,0-0 
11. "-.0 
14,  ."00 

S.2.-0 


1.111-5  24,830 


1.244-5 
1.12.3-5 

1.12 

1.23 


8,420 
9,874 

9,255 

5,775 


Total    .$131,541 

•  Record  time- 


DOMINO'S   RECORD. 


Time. 
1.02 
1.01% 

1.12% 

1.14 
1.14 


Value. 

$895 

18,C75 

10,750 

23.100 
•  16,900 


1.14V2     19,875 


Races.  Wt. 

.Sweepstakes,  five  furlongs.  112 
Great  American,  five  fur.. 118 
Great  Eclipse,  six  furlongs. 118 
Great    Trial,    six    furlongs. 

Futurit V    Course 125 

Hyde  Park  Stakes,  six  fur.123 
Produce   Stakes.   Monmouth 

Park,   six  furlongs,   short 

course     128 

Futurity,  about  six  furlongs. 

Futurity    Course 130 

Matron,  about  six  furlongs.  128 

Total    $169,040 

August  31.  1893,  Domino  and  D'xbbins, 
each  carrying  118  pounds,  ran  a  dead  heat 
at  about   six  furlongs   in   1.12  3-5. 

Tremont  as  an  unbeaten  two-year-old  in 
1886  won  13  races  and  $41,000.  Other  un- 
beaten two-vear-olds  were:  Sensation,  eight, 
in  1S79.  and  French  Park,  in  1888,  and  El 
Rio  Rey,  in  1889,  seven  races  eacb. 


1.124-5 
1.09 


4S.SS5 
24..5C0 


WINNERS    OF    IMPORTANT    EVENTS. 

KENTUCKY    DERBY,    LOUISVILLE. 
(Distance,  IJ^  miles. ) 


Yeas. 


1903 

XafV4»  •  ••  •  • 

1905 

1WI6 

1907 


Owner,  Winner,  Se<ond,  and  Third 


C  R.  Ellison's  Judge  Himes,  Early.  Bourbon 
L.  Duniell's  Elwood,  Ed.  Tierney.  Brancas.. 
S.  8.  Brown's  Agil*',  Hum's  Hurii,   Layson.. 
George  J.  Long's  Sir  Huron,  J<H<ly  Navarre, 
J.  71.  Wood fonl's  Pink  Star,  Zal.  Ovcrlands. 


I'hird. 

'Time, 

V.ilue, 

1 

2.09 
2,081^ 

2.10M 
2.08)^ 
2.r23-5 

$4,850 

4.850 

4,850 

James  Reddick 

4,850 

4  850 

Record,  2.00»:i,  by  Lieutenant  Gib.sou  in  1900. 

METROPOLITAN     HANDICAP,     BELMONT     PARK. 
(Distance,  Imile. ) 


Y«AIt. 

Owner.  Winner,  Second,  and  Third. 

Time, 

Value. 

1903 

H.  P.  Whitiiev'sGuntire,  Old  Kngland,  Lux  C'a.sta        

*1.38><5 
1.40 

1.413-5 

1..39 
1.40  4-5 

$11,081' 

1904 

H.  B.l)nrve{i'"s  Irish  Lad,  Toboggan,  Beldame 

10.8S0 

lP05t...  ' 

James  B.  Keene's  Sysonby,   >  n^u.nini  rirl 

9,2.S0 

1 

1906 

1907 

' ).  Ij.  Kiciiard  s  It.iee  Kiiitc,    >      -"'""''-"■' 

J.  A.Drake's  Grapple,  Dandelion, Oxford 

J.  H . Mccormick' s < ilorifier,  Okeniie,  Ko.seben 

IO.S.tO 
10,570 

t  J>ead  heat. 


CARTER    HANDICAP,     AQUEDUCT. 
(Distance.  7  furlongs.  ) 


TSIR. 


1903. . . . 

1904.... 

19<I5.... 

1>*<»6.... 

iw;.... 


Owner,  Winner,  Second,  an. I  Third. 


Time. 


J.  A.  Kyle's  Ahumada,  Yellow  Tail.  Illyria 

N.JJenuiiigton's  Beldame,  ppterPanI,  Wotan 

Sydney  Paget 's  Ormonde's  Right,  Koseben,  Little  Em. 
D.  « ".  .iMlmson'sRosphen,  Sontliern  Cross,  l{fd  Knight. 
1. 11.  JIi-(  ormieli'.sGlorilier,  Ko.seben,  J)on  I)i.  ;/'j. .. 


1.33 
1.27 

1.26  4-5 
1.26  2-5 
1.28  1  5 


V:llur. 

"$277.35" 
7.710 
7. I'M) 
7,8:>0 
7,850 


The  American   Turf. 


THE    AMP:KICAN    T\3K¥— Continued. 


475 


EXCELSIOR    HANDICAP,    JAMAICA, 
f  Distance,  11-16  miles.) 


SARATOGA    HANDICAP,     SARATOGA 
(Distance,  IJi  miles.) 

Owner,   AVinner,   Second,   and  Third. 

J.B.Hnggins  Waterboy,  Hunter  Raiue,  Caughnawaga 

Antr.  Belmont's  Lord  of  the  Vale,  Bad  News.  Caughnawaga... 

J.  San  ford's  Caughnawaga,  Water  Light,  Beldame 

F.  H.  Hitchcock's  Dandelion,  Tangle,  Gallavant 

Newcastle  Stables'  McCarter,  Bunning  Water,  Dandelion 


Vkak. 

Owner,  Winner,  Second,  and  Third. 

Time. 
1.46  2-5 

Value. 

liH.13 

W. C.  Wliitney' s  Blackstock,  Heno,  Yellow  Tail 

$6,730 

1904 

F,  R.  Doctor's  Rostand, Red  Knight,  Lord  Badge 

L45  3-5 

6,660 

1905 

.A-lbemarle  Stables'  Santa  Catalina,  Rapid  Water, Sinister 

1.46  2-5 

6,450 

1906 

Newcastle  Stables'  Merry  Lark,  Ormonde' s  Right,  Eugenia  Burch. . . 

L47  1-5 

7,350 

1907 

r.  I).  Sullivan's  Dr.  Gardner.  Glorifier,  Cairngorm. 

L48  1-5 

7.3.50 

Ykar. 


1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 


Time. 


2.05  3-5 

?8,b00 

2.05 

8.800 

2.(.'7 

%MQ 

2.04  3-5 

8.300 

2.05  3-5 

8,300 

VaUi.> 


SUBURBAN  HANDICAP,   SHEEPSHEAD  BAY. 
(Distance,  1^  miles.) 


Ykar. 

Owner,  Winner,  Second  and  Third. 

Time. 

2.10  2-5 
*2.05 

2.05  3^ 
2.u5  1-5 

2.06  2-5 

Value. 

1903 

Hampton  Stable's  Africander,  Herbert,  Hunter  Raine 

$16,490 

1904 

E.  R   Thomas'  Hermis,  'I'he  Picket,  Irish  Lad 

16,800 

1905 

August  Belmont' s  Beldame,  Proper,  First  Mason 

16,800 

19(J6 

A.  Shield's  Go- Bet  ween.  Dandelion,  Colonial  Girl 

16,800 

1907 

C.  E.  Durnells  Nealon,  Montgomery,  Beacon  Light 

16,800 

BRIGHTON    HANDICAP,    BRIGHTON    BEACH. 
(Distance,  1^  miles, ) 


Year 

1903.... 
1904..,. 

1905.... 
1906.... 
1907.... 


Owner,  Winner,  Second,  and  Third. 


Tiips 


J.  B.  Haggin's  Waterboy,  Iloehampton,   River  Pirate. 
Capt.  S.  S.  Brown's  Broomstick.  Irish  Lad,  Highball... 

H.  P.  Whitney's  Artful,  Ort  Wells.  Beldame 

W.  S.  Williams's  Ram's  Horn,  First  INfason,  Tokalon.. 
J.  R,  Keenes  Peter  Pan,  McCarter,  Montgomery 


2.03  1-5 

88,000 

*2.02  4-5 

21,750 

2.04  4-5 

21,750 

2.03  3-5 

19,750 

2.03  2-5 

19,750 

Value. 


THE    FUTURITY,     SHEEPSHEAD    BAY, 
(Distance,  6  furlongs.) 

Owner,  Winner,  Second,  and  Third, 

Sydney  Paget's  Hamburg  Belle,  Leonidas,The  Minute  Man 

H.  B.  Duryea's  Artful,  Tradition,  Sysonby 

Ormondale  Stables'  Ormondale.  Timber,  Belmere 

W.  Lakeland's  Electioneer,  Pope  .loan,  De  Mund , 

J.  R.  Keene's  Colin,  Bar  None,  Chapultepec 


Ykar, 


1903.. 
1904.. 
1905.. 
1906.. 
1907., 


Tini° 


1.13 

1.11  4-5 

1.114-5 

1.13  3-5 

•1.11  1-5 


Value. 

Ir35^93(r 
42,880 
38.680 
37.270 
24,830 


BROOKLYN    HANDICAP,    GRAVESEND, 
(Distance,  1^  miles. ) 

Owner,  Winner,  Second,  and  Thiril. 

Westbury  Stable's  Irish  Lad,  Gunfire,  Heno 

Waldeck  Stable's  The  Picket,  Irish  Lad,  Proper 

J.  R.  Keene's  Delhi,  Ostrich,  Graziallo 

J.  W,  Fuller's  Tokalon,  Dandelion,  The  Picket 

J.  R.  Keene's  Superman,  Beacon  Light,  Nealon, 


Ykar 

1903..., 
1904..,, 
1905.... 
1906.,., 
1907..., 


Time. 

Value. 

*2.05  2-5 

$14  950 

2.06  3-5 

15,80C 

2.116  2-5 

15,800 

2.05  3-5 

15  800 

2.09 

15,800 

THE   ENGLISH   DERBY,    EPSOM   DOWNS— (ENGLISH    TURF). 

(Distance,  about  1}^  miles.  ) 

Year. 

Owner  and  Winner. 

Sire. 

Time. 
2  42  4-5 

Second, 

1903.. 

Si r  J.  Miller' s  Rock  Sand 

Sainfoin         

Vinicius. 

1904... 
1905.. 
1906.. 

Leopold  de  Rothschild' s  St.  Amant 

J^jrd  Rosebery's  Cicero 

Maj.  Loeder'  s  Spearmint 

St.  Frusquin 

Satire 

Carbine * 

2.45  4-5 
2.39  3-5 
2.36  4-5 

.John  O' Gaunt. 

.lardy. 

Picton. 

1907 . . 

Richard  Croker'  s  Orby 

Orme 

2.4: 

SlieveGallion. 

*  Record  time  for  race. 


476 


The  American   Ttirf. 


THE    AMERICAN    'i:\5KY— Continued. 


RECORD    OF    BEST    PERFORMANCES    ON    THE    RUNNING    TURF. 


Distance. 

Mni'le 

^6      •'      

3}^  furlougs 

>6  uiile 

4>^  furlongs 

5^  mile 

5}^  fiulaiigs 

Futurity  c. 
%  mile 

6}^  furlongs 

7  furlongs.. , 
73^  f  II  rlongs 


Name,  Age,  Weight,  and  Sire. 


1  mile. 


20  j-ds; 

50  yds. 

70  yds. 

100  yds. 


1 1-16  miles. 

1!^ 

1  3-16 
IM 
1  0-16   " 

1  ni.  500 yds.. 
\%      miles. 
\M  "     . 

1^  "    . 

1%  "    . 

1%  "    . 

2 

25<  "    . 

2>§  "    .. 

2%  "    . 


Bob  Wade,  4 

Atoka, aged, 103  lbs 

Judge  rhoma.s,  aged.  134  lbs 

5(4eraldine,4,  122  lbs 

\  Bessie  :Mac'kliii,  2,  100  lbs 

(  Tanva,  2,  107  lbs 

}Old  Kngland,  2,108  lbs 

(  Maid  Marian,4,by  Imp. OJreat  Tom.lll  lbs 

(George  F.  smith,  4,  100  lbs 

rPlater,  2,  bv  Henry  of  Xavarre,  107  lbs. . . 

X  Mcl^ee,  3,  i05  lbs 

(Charlie  Ji;astuian,4,  113  lbs 

Kingston,  aged.  139  lbs 

5  Artful,  2.  130  ll)s 

\  Ro.sebeii,4, 147U)s 

(Lady  Vera.  2,  90  lbs 

J  BrookdaleNvmph,  4,  124  lbs 

Rosebeu,  5.  126  lbs 

Dainty,  4,  \m  lbs 

Welbourne,  3,97  lbs 

r8alvator,4,bvnnp.  Prince  Charlie,1101bst 

!Kildeer,4,  9iib.s 

1  Kiamesha,  3, 104  lbs 

LDick  Welles,  .3,  112  lbs 

(Macy,  4,  bj' Hindoo.  107  Uxs 

\  Maid  Marian,4,l)v  Imp.  Great  Tom,106  lbs 

(Six  Shooter.  5,  111  lbs 

Haviland,  6,  99  lbs 

/.liminez,  3.  101  lbs 

\Dalvay,  3,  96  lbs 

Grand  Opera,  4,  77  lbs 

( Israelite,  4, 101  lbs 

H^lassful,  3,  101  lbs 

Charles  Edward,  3,126  lbs 

Scintillaut  11.,  6,109  lbs 

Broomstick,  3, 104   lbs 

(Bedouin,  3.  Ill  lbs 

<  Ironsides,  3,  107  lbs 

Swift  Wing,5,100  lbs 

Irish  Lad,  4,126  lbs 

Goodrich.  3,  by  Patron,  102  lbs 

Africander,  3,  126  lbs 

Major  Daingerfleld,  4,  120  lbs 

Julius  Cse.sar,  5,  108  lbs 

Judge  Denny,  5,  by  Fonso,  105  lbs 

.Toe  Murphy,  4,  by  Isaac  Murphy,  99  lbs 

Ethelbert.  4,   124  lbs  

Kyrat.  3,  by  Teuton,  88  lbs 

Ten  Broeck,  4,  by  Imp.  Phaeton,  104  lbs. , . 

Hubbard,  4,  by  Planet,  107  Ib.s 

Mamie  Algol,  5,  108  lbs 

i  Lucrezia  Borgia, 4,  by  Imp.  Brutus.Bolhs.t 
\  The  Bachelor,  a,  by  Judge  Murra.v,  118  ll)s. 
\  Los  Algeleno,  aged.  111  lbs 


Place. 


Date. 


Butte,  Mont Aug. 

Butte,  Mont Sept, 

Butte,  Mont July 

Morris  Park  (st.  c.)...'Aug. 

Dallas,  Tex |Uct. 

Moriis  Park  (st. c. )  . .  JNl a v 
(Jakland  (Cal.  J.C.)..  Dec. 
jNIorris  I'ark  (st.c. )..  Oct. 
San  Fran.  (Cal.  J.  OiMar. 
Morris  Park  (st.  c.)...  lOct. 
Chicago  (Harlem)...  X)ct. 
New  Orleans  (CityP).  |Jan. 

Sheepsliead   Bay June 

Morris  Park  (st.  c.).,  Oct. 

Belmont  J  aik (Jet. 

Belmont   Paik  (st.c.)  Oct. 

Belmont  Park jOct. 

Belmont  I'aik Oct. 

Oakland   (Cal.  J.  (;.).  De<-. 

Belmont    Park June 

JMonmoiith    1'.  (st.  c.)  Aug. 
Monmouth    P.  (st.  0.)  Aug. 

Belmont  Park Oct. 

Chicago    (Harlem)-..  Aug 
Chicago  (AVasli.Park)  July 
Chicago  (Wash. Park)  July 
Chicago  (Wash. Park)  June 
Chicago  (\Va«;h. Park)i July 


Chicago    (Harlem) 
Chicago    (Harlem)... 
Chicago    ( H  arlem) . . . 

Brighton   Beach 

Chicago!  Wash. Park) 
Brighton  J5each,]Sr.Y. 
Chicago  (Harlem)... 
Brighton  Beach.N.Y 

Belmont  Paik 

Belmont  Park 

Latonia,   Ky 

Sheepsh  eadBa^',N.Y. 
Chicaero  (Wash .  I'ark) 
Sheeiish  ead  Bay  ,N.  Y . 
Morris  Park,  K.  Y... 

New  Orleans,  La 

Oakland  (C;al.  J.  C). 
Chicago  (Harlem)... 
Brighton  Beach,N.Y. 

Newport,    K.v 

Lexington,    Ky 

Saratoga,  N.  Y 

New  Orleans  (CityP.) 
Oakland  (Cal.  J.  C.).. 
Oakland  (Cal.  J.  C.).. 
Oakland  (Cal.  J.  C,).. 


Sept 

Aug. 

Aiig. 

Sept. 

July 

July 

Sept. 

July 

Oct. 

Oct, 

July 

June 

Julv 

July 

Oct. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Nov. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Feb. 

May 

Feb. 

Ap'l 


20,  1890 . 
7,  1906. 

14,  1902. 

30,  1H89, 

3,  lb99. 

12,  lif(l4. 

18,  1901 . 
9,  1894. 
7,  1895. 

21,  1902. 

1,  1903. 

19,  1907. 

22,  1891. 

15,  1904. 
6,  19(15. 

19.  1906. 
14,  1907. 

16,  1906. 
19,  1904. 

6,  1906. 
28.  1890. 

13,  1902. 
9,  1905. 

14,  1903. 

2,  1898. 
19.  1893. 
27,  1903. 

7,  1903. 
5,  1901. 

31,  1904. 
12.  1903. 
25,  1905. 

2,  1903. 
16,  1907. 
1,1902. 
9,1904. 
2,  1905. 
8,1906. 

8,  1905. 
25.  1904 . 
16,  1898. 

7,  1903. 

S,  1903. 

27,  1900. 

12,  1898. 
SO,  1894. 

4,  1900. 
18,  1899. 
16,  1876. 

9,  1873. 
16.  1907. 

20,  1897. 
22,  1899. 

13,  1907. 


Time. 


3-5 
3-5 


0.21Ji 

0.33>^ 

0.40irij 

0.46 

0.46>^ 

O..ol><^ 

0.53 

0.563^ 

0.L9 

1.02^. 

1  I.;.'  1-5 

1.  05  1-5 

l.(« 

1.08 

1.11 

1  16 

1.17  2-5 

1.22 

1.32 

1.32 

1.35>^ 

1.37J^ 

1.37  2-5 

1.37  2-5 

1.40 

1.40 

1.40 

1.41  1-5 

1.42  3-5 
1.  42  .3^5 
1.44  3-5 
1.44  3-5 

1.44  3-5 
1.50  3-5 
1.57  2-5 
2.02  4-5 
2.10  3-5 
2.10  3-5 
2.10  1-5 
2.17  3-5 
2.S0i.i' 

2.45  1-5 
2.57 
3.19 
3.26?^ 
3.42 
3.491-5 
4.24>i 
4.58>^ 


HEAT    RACES. 


M  mile, 

%     " 

>i     " 

H    " 

H    " 
1 

I  fSfinS) 
11-16  in. 
IH  niifc. 
l"^     " 


Sleepv  Dick,  aged , Kiowa,  Kan 

Bob  Wade,  4 iButte,  INIont 

(Eclipse,  Jr.,  4 Dallas,  Tex 

<  Bogus,  aged,  113  lbs Helena,  Mont 

(Bill  Howard,  5,  122  lbs iAnacouda,   Mont 

(Kittie  Pea.se,  4,  82  lbs Dallas,  Te.v 

<Fox,  4,  113  lbs San  Francisco.  Cal... 

(Tom  Hayes,  4,  107  lbs Morris  Park  (st.c.).. 

I  Lizzie  S.,  5,  118  lbs Louisville 

(iuido,  4.  117  lbs Chicago  (Wash.  Pk.) 

L'  Argentine,  5,  115  lbs St.  Louis 

Slipalong,  5.  115  lbs Chicago  (Wash.  Pk.) 

VV'hat-er-Lou.    5,119  lbs San.Fran.d  nuleside) 

(^lenmore,  5,  114  lbs .Slieepshead  liay 

Patsy  Durty,  ai^ed,  115  His Sacr.imento,  Cal 

.Mi.ss  Woodford,  4,  lOTJ^  lbs Slieepshead  Bav 

Norfolk,  4,  100  lbs , Sacramento.  Cal..... 


Oct. 

Aug. 

Nov. 

Aug, 

Aug. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

June 

Sept. 

July 

June 

Sei)t. 

Feb. 

Sept. 

s<-i.i. 

Sei)t. 
Sept. 


19,1888:0 
16,1890  0 
1.1890  0 


22, 1888 
17, 1895 

2,1887 
31, 1891  1 
17,1892,1 
28.188311 
11, 1891  II 
14.187911, 

2, 1885' 1. 
18.1SS9  1. 
2.').l>'80l2. 
17,1«K4!2 
20.188413. 
23. 1865 '5 


.21X> 

-0.22?^ 

MX 

-0  36^ 

.48— 

).48-  0.48 

.48 

-0.48 

47^. 

-0A>i)4 

.00 

-loo 

.00  3-5-1.011-5 

.10?^, 

-l.KH 

.13i< 

-1.13M 

.41>^ 

-1.41 

.4.^-1.44-1.47% 

51'^, 

-■1.48>;; 

.,n6 

-1,54?^ 

.10 

-2.14 

.-iVH 

-  2.41 

.33 

-XiiH 

27% 

-5  291^ 

t  Baces  against  time. 


St.  c. ,  straightcour.se. 


Harness  Jlachuf. 


477 


?£?auncs.a  iiacinrj. 


While   the   harness   racir.?:   season   of 
ances   the  sport   was  of  exc-ellont  quaniy. 


fvT   v/as   Rct   prolific    'v.\   record-breaking   perform- 
The  six  best  performers  of  tiie  year  were: 


by  Director  General.  Mare:  Sonoma  Girl, 
George  G.,  2.()r»i/4.  b.  g.,  by  Homeward. 

,  by  Eddie  Hal,  2.15.  Mare:  Citation, 
Pointer,    2.01%,    b.    g.,    by   Sidney   Pointer, 


IN    1907. 

,  by  The  Tramp. 


Filly:     Helen 

Prodigal,  2.16. 

c,   by  Axworthy,  2.151/L'.     Filly:    Bell 

Maxine,  2.1714. 


Trotters— Stallion:     Mainsheet.  2.03,   blk.   h.. 
2.0514.  br.  m.,  by  Lynwood  W.,  2.201/2-     Gelding: 

Pacers— Stallion:  John  A.,  2.0:!%,  ch.  h. 
2.03%.  b.  m.,  by  Norvalson.  Gelding:  Angus 
2.071/4. 

FASTEST  TROTTING  RECORDS 

Trotters— Tw^o-Tear-Olds— Colt:     Trampfast,  2.12^,4,  rn.  c 
Hale,  2.1314.  b.  f..  by  Prodigal,  2.10.     Gelding:     John  Gray 

Three-Year-Olds— Colt:     General  Watts,  2.00%,  b 
Bird,  2.1114,  blk.  f.,  by  Jay  Tine. 

Four- Year-Olds — Colt:     Codero,  2.09"-4,   rn.  c,  by 
ch.  m..  by  Elyria.     Gelding:     Bud  Bonner,  2.13V>,  b. 

Five- Year-Olds— Stallion:      Athasham,    2.0;H4,    br 
Latus,   2.OS14,   ch.   m.,   by  Pilatus,   2.0r>i,4.     Gelding: 
Leyburn,  2.24%, 

Fastest  New  Performers — Stallion:     Tregantle,  2, 
Sonoma  Girl,  2.O514,  br.  m.,   by  Lynwood  W.,  2.20i/., 

Dr.  Hooker,  2.23%;  Axcyell,  2.0014,  b.  g.,  by  Axcyone,  2.21%;  Wilkes  Heart,  2_.06i4,  b. 
Great  Heart,   2.12i/,. 

Half-Mile  Track— Stallion:  Quintell.  2.I414,  ch.  h.,  by  Actell,  2.  18%.  Mare: 
Marie,  2.07.  b.  m.,  by  McKinney,  2.II14.  Gelding:  George  G.,  2.06%,  b.  g.,  by 
ward,  2.1314. 

WORLD'S  TROTTING  RECORDS. 


Bingen.  2.OG14..     Filly: 

g.,  by  Prodigal,  2.10. 

h.,    by    Athadon,    2.27 

Jack  Leyburn,   2.OSI/2, 


Mare:      Claty 
ch.   g.,   by  Alto 


0914,   br. 
Geldim 


by 

Hi! 


Simmons,   2.28. 
rhball.   2.0014.  b. 


Mare: 
S-,  by 
S;  by 

Sweet 
Hoaie- 


DlSTANCB. 


mile  (world's  record).. . 

"      in  a  race 

"      on  half-mile  track. 

"      by  a  stallion 

"    gelding 

"         "    mare 

"     (with  runu'g  mate) 

"     by  a  yearling 


"        "    two-year-old.. 

"        "    three-year-old 

"        "    four-year-old. 

"  "  five-year-old.. 
"  "  six- year-old  . . 
"     to  high  wheel  sulky 

Best  2  heats 

•'    3    "     

2miles 

3    "       


Name. 


Place. 


4 
5 

10 

20 
30 
50 

loo 


Lou  Dillon* 

Cresceus 

George  G* 

Cresceus* 

Major  iJelmar*.. . . 

Lou  Dillon* 

Ayres  P.* 

/  Pansy  McGregor 

lAdbell* 

f  Arion* 

1  Tramp  fast 

General  Watts  — 

/Directum 

iFanta.sy* 

FiOU  Dillou* 

Lou  Dillon*. 

Major  Delmar*.. . . 

Sweet  Marie 

Cresceus 

Cresceus* 

(Nightingale* 

(.Fairv  Wood 

/Bertie  R  

(Senator   L 

[Jishop  Hero 

/  Pascal* 

(Controller 

Capt.  McGowau*... 

Gen.  Taylor* 

Ariel* 

Conqueror* 


Memphis,  Tenn.t 

Brighton  Beach,  N.  Y. . . 
Allentown,  Pa 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Mempliis,  Tenn.t 

^^emp]lis, Tenn.t 

Kirkwood,  Del.  (kite)  ... 

Holton,  Kan.  (kite) 

San  Jose,  Cal.  (reg.) 

Stockton,  Cal.  (kite) 

Lexington,  Ky 

Lexington,  Ky 

Nashville,  Teini.  (reg.) . . 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.  (reg.). 

Memphis,Te!in.t 

Memplii.s,   Tenn 

Memphis    Tenn 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Brighton  Beach, N.  Y. .. 

Memphis,  Tenn.t 

Nashville,  Tenn.  (reg.).. 

Minneapolis,  Minn 

Blackpool,  England  t . . . 

San  Jo.se,  Cal.  (reg.) 

Oakland ,  Cal.  (reg. ) 

New  York,  N.  Y.  (reg.) . . 
San  Francisco, Cal.  (reg.) 

Boston,  Mass.  (reg.) 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Albany,  N.Y' 

Centreville,  L.  T 


Date. 


Time. 


Oct.  24,1905' 
Aug.  la,190l! 
Oct.  16,l;^07 
Aug.  2, mil 
Oct.  22.1903 
(Jet.  24,1903 
Julv  3.1893 
Nov.  18,1893! 
Sept.  28.1894' 
Nov.  10,1891 
Oct.  10,1907 
Oct.  18,19071 
Oct.  18,18931 
Sept.  13.1894 

Oct.  24,1903 I 

Nov. 11,1904 

Oct.    26.1904 

Sept.  12.1906 2.0454 

Aug.  15,1901  2.03^  -IMH 

Oct.    22,1902 ; 

Oct.    20,1893 

Julv    1,1895 ' 

Sept.  11, 1899 
Nov.  2,1894 
Oct.  14,1893 
Nov.  2,1893 
Nov.  23,1878 
Oct.  31,1865 
Feb.  21,1857 
ISIay,  5.1846 
Nov.  12,1853 


2.0314 
2  06?^ 
2.02i| 
l.bi>U 
1.583<j 
2.03^ 
2.-2S^ 
2  23 

2.mi 

2.1214 

2M% 

2.{)l>]4 

8.06 

l.i>S>i 

2.01    . 

2.07 

2.03M 
2.05 
4.17 
6.555^ 

7.161,2 
9.58 
10.12 
12.30% 
26.15 
27.23>4 
58.25 
1.47.59 
3.55.4014 
8  55.53 


•Against  time,    t  Paced  by  runner  to  sulky  carrying  wind  or  dust  shield,  runner  preceding  trotter. 

Trotting— To  Wagon. 


1  mile  (against  time). 

1    "     in  a  race 

Best  2  h  eats 

Best  3  heats 

2  miles 

3  "      

6     "      

10     "      

20    "      


Lou  Dillon*... 
Lou  Dillon  .  . . . 

Lou  Dillon 

Hopeful , 

Ed.  Bryan 

Ed.  Br.van 

Fillmore , 

Julia  Aldricli. 
Controller 


Mempliis,  Tenn.t. .. . 

^feniphisi,  Tenn 

Memphi.s,  Tenn 

Chicago,  111 

Point  Breeze,  Phila.. 
Point  Breeze,  Phila. 
.San  Francisco,  Cal... 
San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
San  Francisco.  Cal.. 


Oct.  28, 
Oct.  21. 
Oct.  21, 
Oct.  12, 
Sept.  1. 
Nov.  8, 
A  prills. 
June  15 
Apnl20 


1903 
1903 
1903 

1878 
1907 
1905 
1863 
1858 
1878 


2MH 
2.161^ 

2.i7" 



2  00 

2.04% 

2.04% 

2.17 

4.43 

7.30«4 
13.16 
29.041^ 
58.57 


Trotting— l$y   Teams. 


1  mile 

1    "    inarace 

1    "    road  wagon 

Best  3  heats  in  a  race 


/Tlie  Monk* 
(Equity" 


./ 


/  Rose  Leaf ) 

I  Sally  Simnion.s.  I 


Memphis,  Tenn 

Columbus.  Ohio 

{  Aldine^* .*.:::::::  }  JFIeetwood  park,  N.  Y. 
{co'nde::::.::::;-  }  1*^^"  Francisco, Cal. 


Oct.  21,1904 
Sept.  27,1894 
June  15,1883 
Nov.  26,1887 


]2.30iii^ 

2.23 

2.07% 
2M)H 
2.15J^ 
2  18% 


•Against  time.    tPaced  by  runner  to  sulky  carrying  wind  or  dust  shield,  runner  preceding  trotter. 


478 


Jlamess  llachig. 


HARNESS  liAClNG— C'o/ti<«<t€(i. 


Fastest  Pacing  liecords  in   1907. 

Pacers— Two-Year-Olds— Colt:  Ray-o'-Light,  IMoU,  br.  c,  by  Searchlight,  2  03i>4.  Filly 
Sarah  Home,  2.19V4,  b.  f.,  by  Prodigal,  2.1«.  Gelding:  Lord  Prodigal,  2.23V;,  br.  e..  by 
Prodigal,  2.16. 

Three-Year-Olds— Colt:  Shakespeare,  2.09%,  b.  c.  by  Jay  McGregor,  2  07 14  Filly 
Betty    Brent,    2.IO14.    b.    f.,    by    Wiggins,    2.19^,^..      Gelding:      Hymettus,    2,0Si,a,    b.    g.,    by 

Four- Year-Olds— Colt:  Dr.  Munson.  2.08%,  b.  c,  by  Gambetta  Wilkes,  2.19M.  Filly- 
Elsie  H.,  2.10%,  b.  f.,  by  Belwood  Alien.  Gelding:  The  Dude,  2.09y.,  b.  g.,  by  Newton 
Boy,   2.1014. 

Five- Year-Olds— Stallion:  John  A.,  2.03%,  b.  h.,  by  Eddie  Hal,  2.15.  Mare:  Mona 
VVilkes,  2.0t)%,  b.  m.,  by  Demonio,  2.II14.  Gelding:  Hidalgo,  2.O414,  b.  g.,  by  Warren  C. 
2.1114. 

Fastest  New  Performers— Stallion:  Straight  Advice,  2.05V>,  ch.  h  by  Free  Advice 
H'no^-  ,  ^^^''^.-  Repi-oachless,  2.04y2,  blk.  m.,  by  Direct  Hal,  "2.O414.  Gelding:  Hidalgo] 
2.0414,  b.  g.,  by  Warren  C,  2.111,4. 

Half-Mile  Track— Stallion:  McKaig  Simmons,  2.08%,  b.  h.,  by  Simmons,  2.2S.  Mar'^- 
Eleanor,  2.0S\i,  ch.  m.,  by  Waltz,  2.22.  Gelding:  Angus  Pointer,  '2.0614,  b,  g.,  by  Sidney 
Pointer,  2.O714.  o  ,     j  j 

WORLD'S    PACING    RECORDS. 


Distance. 


mile  (world' s  record). , 

"       by  a  stallion 

"      by  a  gelding 


^mile 
2  miles 


by  a  mare 

(half  mile  track).. 

i  n  a  race 

yearliiis:  filly 

yearling  colt 

two- year- old 

three- year-old  ... 

four- year-old 

high- wheel  sulky. 


Best  2  heats. 


Name. 


Dan  Patch* 

Dau  Patch* 

Prince  Alert*.... 

Dan  Patch 

Dariel 

Dan  Patch 

Star  Pointer 

Belle  Acton* 

Rfanager 11 

(Directl.v* 

(  Ecstacj' 

Khitawah 

Online* 

Dan  Patch* , 

Ban  Patch 

Dan  Patch* 

r.loe  Je.ierson*. . 
1  James  K.  Polk.. 

Joe  Jetlei-son* 

Fisherman 

Prince  Alert 


Place. 


st.Paul,IMinnt 

St.  Paul,JJinn  t 

New  York.N.  Y.1 

Memphis,  Teun 

Memphis,  Teun 

Allentowii,  Pa 

Springfield,  111 

f^yous.  Neb 

Springfield,   Til 

Galesburg,  111 

r.exington,  Ky 

Louisville,  Ky 

Sioux  City,  Iowa 

^Nlacon,  Ga.t 

Memphis,  Teun 

Macon,  Gat 

Knoxville,  Iowa  (reg. )  . . 
Centreville,  L.  I.  (reg.)  . . 
Knoxville,  Iowa  (reg. )... 
San  Francisco, Cal.  (reg.) 
Memphis,  Tenn 


Date. 


Sept .  ,6,191)6  . . 
Sept.  ♦S,1906  .. 
Sept.23,190:5:., 
Nov.  8,1905^. 
Oct.  24.1908.. 
Sep(.21,190.Ti.. 
Oct.  l.lS97i.. 
Oct,    14,1892.. 


Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Sept. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Oct. 


20,1894'.. 
15.1898:.. 
28.1898' . . 
12,1894  .. 
30,1903  . . 
27.19031.. 
30, 1903  . . 
6,1891  . . 
13,1847  .. 
13.1891  . . 
19,1874;. 
26,1901'.. 


Time. 


2.021^ 


1.55 
1«5 
1.57 

1.58 

2.0034 

2.02 

2  mi4 

2.20% 

2.20 

2.073^ 

2.101^ 

2.05^ 

2.04 

20434 

.56 

4.17 

7.33^ 

7.44 
10.10 
13.031^ 

2.00% 


To  Wagon. 


Distance. 


N.iMie. 


Place. 


D.ite. 


Time. 


1  mile  (against  time) 'Dan  Patch* ;:^^emphis,  Tenn lOct.    27.1903 

1  "      inarace lAngus  Pointer Memphis,  Tenn Oct.    20,1904 

2  miles *. Yonng  America 

3  "      I>ongfellow 

4  ••      'Longfellow 

5  "      iLady  St.  Clair.., 

Best  2  heats ..lEdith  W , 

Best  3  lieats Johnston 


Sacramento,  Cal jSept. 

San  Francisco,  Cal Dec. 

San  Francisco,  Cal Dec. 

Memphis,  Tenn lOct. 

St.  Paul,  Minn 'Sept. 


7,18691 

3L1869' 

11,18741 

22,1902! 

16,1887i2.16M 


2.05 
.2.15 


1.573^ 
2.041^ 
4.581/.. 
7.53 
10.421^ 
12.54% 
2.05% 
2.15J2 


By  a  Team. 


1  mile. 


/Direct  Hal*... 
1,  Prince  Direct. 


||Memphis,Teun joct.   26,1902 | 


2.05^ 


•Against  time.    tPaced  by  runner  to  sulky  carrying  a  wind  or  a  dust  shield,  the  runner  preceding 
the  pacer. 

Records  compiled  by  S.  S.  Toman,  editor  of  The  Trotter  and  Pacer. 

^  E!volntion   of  the  Two-Minnte  Horse. 

Yankee  (2.59)  was  the  first  to  trot  a  mile  under  three  minutes.  That  was  on  June  5, 
;1S0G.     Lady  Suffolk  was  the  first  in  the  2.:>0  list,   she  making  a  mark  of  2.29%   at  Beacon 

Course  October  15,  1845.  Flora  Temple  (2.19%),  at  Kalamazoo,  October  1.5,  1859,  heralded 
I  the  way  for  the  2.20  class.     Dexter  made  a  stallion  record   of  2.1714  at  Buffalo   August  14, 

18G7.  Smuggler,  at  Hai-tford,  August  31,  1876,  lowered  this  mark  to  2.15%-  Rarus  made  a 
i  gelding  record  of  2.1.jv4  at  Buffalo  August  11,   1S7S.     Goldsmith  Maid  made  the  first  record 

below  2.15  by  trotting  a  mile  at  Rochester  August  12,  1874.  in  2.14%.  Jay  Eye  See  got  a 
'mark  of  2.O914  at  Cleveland  in  1884,  and  Maud  S.  the  following  year  at  Cleveland  did  a  mile 
'in  2.08%.     I-iater  records  were:     Axtell,  three-year-old  stallion  record  of  2.12  al  Terre  Haute, 

October,    1889;    Sunol,    2.OS14    at    Stockton,    Cal.,    October.    1.S91;    Arion,    two-year-old.    2.10%. 

at  Stockton,  October,  1891;  Nancv  Hanks,  2.04  (bicvcle-wheeled  sulky),  at  Terre  Haute.  Sep- 
I'tember,    1892;    Directum,    four-vear-old,    2.05U,    at    Nashville,    October,    1S93;    AUx.   2.03%.    at 

~    -     ■  -  -      -  -  -      1^    g^^  Terre  Haute,  September,  1900;  Cres- 

Imar,  2.0214,  at  Readviile.  August,  1903; 
Patch,  1.55,  at  St.  Paul,  September,  190G. 


leiiiut'i-,    i,^L»_;    ij;reuiuin,    lour-vear-oiu,    .<i.i».> '.i ,    ai    : 
Galesburg,   111.,   September.   1S!)4;  The  Abbott,   2.031/4 
ceus,    2.02%,    at    Cleveland,    Ju'.v.    1901;    Major    Delr 
j:Lou  Dillon,  1.58V.,  at  Memnhis,  October,  1903;  Dan 


Kational  A.  A.    U.   Out-Boor  Championships. 


479 


^STational  ^.  ^.  W^.  (^ut^lDooc  efjampioufiijCps. 


The  annual   outdoor   meet   was   held   at   the   Jamestown   Exposition,    Sept.    0-«,    l'J07,   and 
the   winners   were   as   follows:  .      ^,    , 

Junior    Events:     KKJ-yard    dash— P.    C.    Gehrardt.    Olympic    Club. 
10  2-5    see.      220-yard    dash— Irish-American   A.    C.    New    York;    time, 
run— G.    B.    Ford.    New    York    A.    C;    time,    51  2-5    sec.      Half-mile 
Boston;    time,    1.56  2-5.      New    junior    record.      One-mile    run— James 
'time      4.30  4-5.       Five-mile    run— A.     R.     Welton,     I^awrence     (Mass.) 
27.10  1-5.       120-yard     hurdle— C.     Brin.smade.     N.     Y.     A.     C. ;     time, 
hurdle— W.    S.    Lee,    N.    Y.    A.    C. ;    time.    25  2-5    sec.       Runnin 
N.    Y.    A.    C;    distance,    22    ft.    4    in.      Running    high    jump— F 


San    Francisco;    time. 

22  1-5    sec.      440-yard 

run — Prank    Sheehan, 

J.    Sullivan,    Boston; 

Y.     M.     C.     A.;     time. 

10  1-5     sec.       220-yard 

broad    jump — Piatt    Adams, 

P.    Risley,    Irish-American 


A.    C;    distance,    u 
distance,    12    feet. 


ft.    !)i/2    in. 
New    junior 


distance,      162     feet.        16- pound 


Pole   vault   for    height— E.    T.    Cook,    Irish-American    A.    C; 
record.      16-pound    hammer— Matt    McGrath.    N.    Y.    A.    C. ; 
shot— W.      Gilmore,      Olympic,      San      Francisco;      distance. 


:J7  ft.  %  in. 
11.3   ft.    6V.    in. 

72  ft.  2M.  in. 
880«yard    run — 


A\l  ft.  1114  in.  56-i)ound  weight — P.  McDonald,  I. -A.  A.  C;  distance. 
New  junior  record.  Discus,  free  style — Lee  Talbott,  I. -A.  A.  C;  distance. 
Discus,    Greek   style— W.    W.    Zeeig,    Western    University   of   Penn.;    distance, 

Seniors:  100-vard  run— H.  J.  Huff.  Chicago  A.  A.;  time.  10  1-5  sec. 
M.  W.  Sheppard,  I. -A.  A.  C. ;  time,  1.55  1-5.  New  record.  One-mile  run— J.  P.  Sullivan, 
I. -A.  A.  C. ;  time,  4.29.  440-vard  run— J.  B.  Taylor,  University  of  Pennsylvania;  time, 
51  sec.  5-mile  run— J.  J.  Dalv,  I. -A.  A.  C. ;  time,  26.04.  New  record.  220- yard  low 
hurdle— J.  J.  Eller,  Jr.,  I. -A.  A.  C. ;  time,  25  1-5  sec.  220-yard  run— H.  J.  Huff,  Chicago 
A.  A.;  time,  22  1-5  sec.  New  record.  120-yard  high  hurdle— Forest  Smithson,  Mult- 
nomah A.  A.  A.,  Oregon;  time,  15  .'i- 5  sec.  16-pound  hammer— J.  J.  Flanagan,  I. -A.  A.  C; 
distance,  171  ft.  %  in.  16-pound  shot— Ralph  Rose.  Olympic  Club;  distance,  49  ft.  61,1.  in. 
New  record.  56-pound  weight— J.  J.  Ulanagan,  I. -A.  A.  C. ;  distance,  38  ft.  8  in.  New 
record.  Running  high  jump — Con  Leahy,  Cork.  Ireland;  distance,  6  ft.  1  in.  Running 
broad  jump— Dan  Kelly,  University  of  Oregon;  distance.  23  ft.  11  in.  Discus,  free  style- 
Martin   J.    Sheridan,   I. -A.    A.    C;   distance,    129   ft.    5%    in.      Discus,    GTeek   style- Martin   J. 


Sheridan,    I. -A.    A.    C. ;    distance.   97   ft.    3%    in- 
A.   C.   and  Claude  A.   Allen,   I. -A.   A.   C.   tied  for 
On  the  jump-off  Cook  won.     In  point  honors  the 


21;   Chicago  A.  A. 

The    National 
Oct.    25-26.       The 
6   ft.    IVs    in.      1,000-yard 
jump — Ray   Ewry,    N 
A.     C. ;     time.    8    sec. 
56-pound    weight 
8-pound    shot — W. 
Bonhag,   I. -A.   A. 
distance,    28    ft. 


Pole  "vault  for  height— E.  T.  Cooke,  I. -A. 
first  place  with  12  ft.  3  in.  New  record. 
Irish-American  won  C^;   New  York  A..  C, 


,  17;  Olympic  Club,  14,  and  Boston  A.  A.,  9. 

NATIONAL    A.     A.     U.     INDOOR     CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

A.    A.    U.    indoor    championships    were    held    in    Madison    Square    Garden, 

winners:      Running    high    jump — H.    F.    Porter,     I. -A.     A.     C. ;     distance, 

run — M.    W.    Sheppard.    I. -A.    A.    C. ;    time,    2.25.      Standing   broad 

Y.    A.    C;    distance.    10    ft.    8    in.      75-yard    run— C.    J.    Seitz.    N.    Y. 

300-yard    run — L.    B.    Dorland,     Pastime    A.     C. ;     time,     33  3-5    sec. 

height — Matthew    McGrath.     N.     Y.     A.     C. ;     distance,     15     ft.     3    in. 

Coe,    Boston    A.    A. ;    distance,    61    ft.    2V.    in.      Two-mile   run — G.    V. 

time,    9.42  1-5.     Pole  vault  for  distance— M.    J.    Sheridan,   I. -A.   A.    C. ; 

New    world's    record.      220-yard    hurdles — F.     Smithson,     Portland, 


for 
W. 
C; 
3    in 


44    ft.    9    in. 

dash — P.     A.- 

I. -A.    A.   C; 

24-pound 

O'Connell, 

Y.    A.    C; 

C. ;   time.   37  sec. 

3-mile  w'alk — Sam 


Ore.;    time,    29   sec.      Hop,    step   and   jump— P.    Adams.    N.    Y.    A.    C;    distance, 
One-mile    walk— Sam    Liebgold,     Pastime    A.     C. ;     time,     7.41  1-5.       150-yard 
Lukeman,    Montreal   A.    A. ;    time.    16  2-5   sec.      Five-mile   run— George   Bonhag 
time,    25.59  1-5.      600-yard    run— E.    B.    Parsons,     N.    Y.    A.    C. ;    time,     1.14  4-5. 
shot— W.    W.    Coe,    Boston   A.    A.;    distance.    35   ft.    5%    in.      60-yard   dash— J.    P. 
N.    Y.    A.    C. ;    time,    6  3-5    sec.      Three    standing   broad   jumps — R.    C.    Ewrv,    N. 
distance,   32   ft.   7%    in.     .300-yard   hurdle   race— Harry  Hillman.    N.    Y.   A 
Pole  vault  for  height— Claude  Allen.   I. -A.    A.   C. ;   distance,   11   ft.   3   in. 
Liebgold,   Pastime  A.   C. ;   time,   24.56. 

Point  score— N.  Y.  A.  C,  76;  I. -A.  A.  C,  66;  Pastime  A.  C,  16;  Boston  A.  A..  14; 
Multnomah  A.  A..  Ore..  11;  Montreal  A.  A..  6;  Y,  M.  C.  A.,  3;  St.  Aloysius,  Boston, 
St.    Bartholomew   and    Ireland,    1    each. 

CANADIAN  A.  A.  U.  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
The  championships  were  held  at  Montreal.  Sept.  21.  The  winners  were:  100-yard 
run— W.  D.  Eaton,  Boston  A.  A.;  time.  10  1-5  sec.  220-yard  dash — Dead  heat  between 
P.  L.  Lukeman,  Montreal  A.  A.,  and  H.  J.  Huff,  Chicago  A.  A.  Huff  won  the  toss. 
440-yard  dash— M.  W.  Sheppard,  Irish-American  A.  C,  New  York;  time,  50  sec.  SSO- 
yard  run— M.  W.  Sheppard.  I.-A.  A.  C. ;  time,  1.58  2-5.  1-mile  run— J.  Eisele,  Jr.,  N.  Y. 
A.  C;  time,  4.312-5.  3-mile  run— J.  J.  Daly,  I.-A.  A.  C. ;  time,  15.15.  New  Canadian 
record.  120-yard  hurdle— F.  Smithson,  Multnomah 
ning  high  jump— H.  A.  Gidnev,  Boston  A.  A.; 
Rose,  Olympic,  Cal.;  distance.  130  ft.  5l^  in. 
49  ft.  7%  in.  (old  record.  49  ft.  61/0  in.).  "  Pole 
distance,  11  ft.  S^^  in.  New  Canadian  record.  56-pound 
A.  C;  distance,  30  ft.  6  in.  16-pound  hammer— M.  P.  McGrath; 
(Later  McGrath  put  up  a  new  mark  of  173  ft.   7  in.). 

INTERCOLLEGIATE     MEET. 
T*e    Eastern   Intercollegiate    Meet   was   held   at   Cambridge,    June   1,    and  the    following 
were    the    winners    in    the    various    events:      100-yard    run— N.    J.    Cartmell,    Pennsylvania; 
•time,     10    sec.       120-yard    hurdles— J.     C.     Garrels.     Michigan;     time,     15  1-5    sec.       440-yard 
run— J.    B.    Taylor,    Pennsylvania;    time,    48  4-5   sec.      New^    intercollegiate    record, 
run— N.     J.     Cartmell,     Pennsylvania;     time.     214-5    sec.       16-pound    shot— W.  .  P. 
Swarthmore;     distance,    46    ft.     5%     in.       New    intercollegiate    record.       Pole 
Dray,    Yale;    distance,    11    ft.    11%    in.      New    intercollegiate    record. 
T.    Moffit,    Pennsylvania;    distance.    6    ft.    314     in.      New    " 

hammer— N.    P.    Horr.    Syracuse;    distance,    150    ft.    li/.    in.      Running    broad    jump— W.    R 
?«-?o'^^H^=     distance.     22     ft.     10     in.       1-mile     run— Guv     Haskins, 
f  ?2  ?"2-      ^®^.   intercollegiate    record.      Half-mile    run— Guy    Haskins, 
1.07  4-5.       2-mile     run— Floyd     R.     Rowe,     Michigan;     time,     9  34  4-5. 
record.      220-yard   hurdle— John   C.    Garrels,    Michigan:    time,    24   sec. 

,  Number     of    points     scored— Pennsylvania.     .33;     Michigan,     29;     Yale,     23; 
Princeton,     10;     Syracuse,     8;     Harvard,     7;     Swarthmore,     6;     Dartmouth,     5; 


A.    C. ,   Oregon;    time,    15  3-5   sec.      Run- 
distance,    5    ft.     10    in.       Discus — Ralph 
16-pound    shot — Ralph    Rose;     distance, 
vault — W.    Happenny,    Montreal    A.    A.; 
weight— M.    P.    McGrath,    N.    Y. 
distance,    172  ft.   ly^.   in. 


220-yard 

Krueger, 

vault— W.    R, 

Running   high   jump^ 

intercollegiate    record.      16-pound 

broad    jump — W.    R. 

Pennsylvania;     ftime. 

Pennsylvania;    'time. 

New     intercollegiate 


Cornell. 
Amherst, 


4: 


480  Ntational  A.    A.    TJ.   Out-Door  Championships. 


NATIONAL    A.  A.   U.    OUT- DOOR    CHAMPIONSHIPS_roH^/M?/r(/. 


AVilliams.    2;    Johns    Hopkins.     1.      First    places— Pennsylvania,    6;    Michigan,    3;    Yale.    2; 
Syracuse,    1;    Svvarthmore,    1. 

WESTERN  AND  DUAL.  MEETS. 
The  Western  Intercollegiate  Games  were  held  in  Chicago.  June  1,  and  University  of 
Illinois  scored  ."1  points,  against  21)  1-3  for  Chicago  University,  17  for  Wisconsin  and 
0  each  for  Missouri  and  Drake.  Smithson.  of  Notre  Dame,  cut  a  fifth  of  a  second  from 
the  Western  intercollegiate  mark  for  the  120-yard  high  hurdles.  1^2-5  sec,  made  by 
F.   G.  Moloney  in  1902,  and  the  Western  record  for  the  100-yard  dash  was  equalled  by  May. 

In  the  Yale-Harvard  meet  at  New  Haven,  May  IS,  W.  R.  Dray  made  a  new  world's 
record  of  12  ft.  T)'/.  in.  in  the  pole  vault,  and  J.  W.  Marshall,  also  of  Yale,  made  a  new 
dual  meet  mark  of'G  ft.   W-,  in.   in  the  high  jump.     Harvard  won  55^/2  and  Yale  4Syo  points. 

Yale  won  seven  events  and  54  points  in  the  dual  meet  at  Princeton,  May  11,  the 
latter  scoring  HO  \.  )ints  in  six  events  won.  Dartmouth  defeated  Amherst,  at  Hanover. 
N2  points  to  44  in  their  dual  meet;  Yale  freshmen  defeated  Princeton  at  New  Haven,  64 
points  to  40;  Chicago  University  lost  to  Illinois,  78  to  48,  at  Chicago,  and  Pennsylvania 
freshmen  defeated  Cornell,  C2  to  56  points. 

GYMNASTIC  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 
The  national  gvmnastic  championships  of  the  A.  A.  U.  were  held  at  the  Central 
Y.  M.  C.  A..  Brooklvn.  March  30.  New  York  University  won  the  team  honors  with  25 
points,  while  Fred  Steffens.  National  A.  C,  Brooklyn,  won  the  individual  championship 
with  16  points.  The  winners:  Indian  clubs— R.  O.  Wilson,  unattached.  Rope  climbing— 
E.  F.  Keenatt.  Archer  A.  C,  Jersey  City.  Rings— E.  P.  Kefenatt,  Archer  A.  C.  Side 
horse— R.  E.  Moine,  New  York  Turn  Verein.  Horizontal  bar— A.  Schnall,  New  York 
I^niversitv.  Tumbling— A.  Schnall.  New  York  University.  Parallel  bars— F.  Anastas, 
West  Side  Y.   M.   C.  A.     Long  horse— L.   Halm,  Newark  Turn  Verein. 

MILITARY  ATHLETIC  RECORDS. 

The  Military  Athletic  League  held  its  annual  competitions  in  the  Thirteenth  Regl- 
m£nt  Armorv.  April  5-6,  and  the  following  records  were  established:  100-yard  dash— 
Lawson  Robertson.  Thirteenth  Regiment  Coast  Artillery,  and  A.  T.  Crockett,  Twenty- 
second  Regiment  Engineers;  time.  10  2-5  sec.  SSO-yard  run,  novice — R.  S.  Robbins, 
Twenty-third  Regiment.  New  York;  time,  2.07  4-5.  Sack  race  (176  yards)— T.  Mac- 
Meekin,  Twenty-third  Regiment,  New  York;  time,  26  sec.  1-mile  bicycle  race— O.  J. 
Devine,  Thirteenth  Regiment  Coast  Artillery.  New  York;  time,  2.29  1-5.  440-yard  dash- 
Harry  L.  Hillman,  Thirteenth  Regiment  Coast  Artillery,  New  York:  time,  52  sec.  SSO- 
yard  run — Melvin  W.  Sheppard,  Twenty-second  Regiment.  New  York;  time,  1.58  4-5. 
Obstacle  race  (220  yards)— H.  A.  Riddick.  Thirteenth  Regiment  Coast  Artillery;  time. 
16  2-5  sec.  2-mile  bicycle  race — O.  J.  Devine.  Thirteenth  Regiment  Coast  Artillery; 
time.  5.11  2-5.  50-yard  (three-legged)  race — Harry  L.  Hillman  and  Lawson  Robertson. 
Thirteenth  Regiment  Coast  Artillery;  time,  6  2-5  sec.  220-yard  dash— Lawson  Robertson, 
Thirteenth  Regiment  Coast  Artillery;  time.  23  3-5.  220-yard  hurdle  race — Harry  L.  Hill- 
man. Thirteenth  Regiment  Coast  Artillery;  time,  26  sec.  Wall  scaling  (50  yards  and 
return)— Eighth  Regiment,  New  York;  time.  42  2-5  sec.  1-mile  run— J.  P.  Sullivan.  Twenty- 
second  Regiment.  New  York;  time,  4.30  3-5.  1-mile  relay— Thirteenth  Regiment  Coast 
Artillery;   time,  3.213-5. 

INTERSCHOLASTIC    CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

Forty-three  preparatory  schools  in  New  Jersey.  Massachusetts,  Connecticut  and  New 
York  made  entries  in  the  interscholastic  championships  in  Brooklyn,  Feb.  9.  Whinners  and 
records  were:  75-yard  dash,  juniors — J.  Ringwald,  N.  Y. .  8  4-5  sec.  75-yard  novice — 
A.  A.  Hammond,  N.  Y.,  S  4-5  sec.  100-yard  dash,  seniors— H.  W.  Farraday.  N.  Y..  10  4-5 
sec.  Half-mile  run — H.  Lesher,  N.  Y.,  2.11  1-5  (new  record).  440-yard  run — A.  Cozzens. 
Manual  Training,  N.  Y.,  55  sec.  (new  record).  220-yard  run.  junior — J.  Ringwald,  20 
sec.  (new  record).  12-pound  shot — D.  Sourau,  N.  Y.,  42  ft.  11  in.  Standing  broad  jump — 
W.  Caufield,  St.  Paul's,  9  ft.  71,0  in.  (new  record).  Running  high  jump — W.  Caufield, 
5  ft.   10  in.     Pole  vault— C.   Robbins,   10  ft.  3  in.   (new  record). 

WOMEN'S    ATHLETIC    RECORDS. 

The  figures  given  below  are  those  made  by  winners  in  the  annual  athletic  meet  at 
Vassar,   May   11,    and   following  these   are  the   best   American   records   for   each   event: 

50-yard  run — Miss  A.  Ware,  6  3-5  sec.  (6  1-5  sec).  100-vard  run — Miss  M.  Engl'sh, 
13  1-5  sec.  (13  sec).  100-yard  hurdle— Misses  S.  and  M.  English  tied.  16  4-5  sec.  (16  3-5 
sec).  Throwing  basketball— Miss  H.  Waite,  63  ft.  11  in.  (72  ft.  5Vo  in.)  Throwing  base- 
ball—Miss I.  Milholland.  186  ft.  1  In.  (195  ft.  3  in.).  Fence  vault— Miss  M.  Vilas.  4  ft.  lO-H 
in.  (new  record).  Running  high  jump — Miss  H.  Clarke,  4  ft.  l^i  in.  (4  ft.  6  in.).  Run- 
ning broad  jump— Miss  H.  Gates,  12  ft.  10  in.  (14  ft.  ^Vi  in.).  Standing  broad  jump- 
Miss  A.  Belding,  7  ft.  6V.  in.  (7  ft.  m;  in.).  8-pound  shot— Miss  I.  Milholland,  31 
ft.  S14  in.  (32  ft.  3  in.).  Other  best  records  other  than  those  mentioned  above  are:  75- 
yard  run,  10  1-5  sec;  220-yard  run.  30  3-5  sec;  40-yard  hurdles,  7  1-5  sec;  120-yard 
low  hurdle,  20  sec;  hop,  step  and  jump,   27    ft.  5  in. 

, ALL-ROUND    CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

Martin  J.  Sheridan,  Irish-American  A.  C,  New  York,  won  the  all-round  A.  A.  IT. 
championship,  July  4.  making  a  new  percentage  record  of  7.130V2  points  for  the  ten 
events  and  breaking  his  old  record  of  6.820%.  made  in  1905.  Thomas  J.  Kiely  won  in 
1906.  Sheridan's  performance  was  all  the  more  remarkable  in  that  he  had  only  one 
competitor — Richard  Cotter — whom  he  outclassed  and  was  therefore  compelled  largely  to 
make  his  own  pace.  Events  and  records  of  Sheridan:  100-vard  rim — 10  4-5  sec.  790 
points:  16-pound  shot.  .34  ft.  3V>  in.,  808  points;  running  high  jump— 5  ft.  8  in.,  736  points; 
half-mile  walk— 3.51  1-5.  756  points:  16-pound  hammer.  108  ft.  8V2  in.,  .563V2  points;  pole 
vault — 10  ft.  G'^'d  in..  774  points;  120-yard  hurdle — 17  sec,  790  points:  56-pound  weight — - 
27  ft.  10  in..  616  points:  running  broad  jurpn— 16  ft.  7^  in..  720  points;  one-mile  run — 
5.42  2-5,  577  points.     Cotter  (2,645  points)  finished  in  only  five  events. 


Jiest   Athletic  Mecords.  481 


'KATIONAL  a.  a.   U.   CHAMPlONaHIPS— C()«/r/ijt€d. 


^-w^^immB^mmmtr\'*     " -  "'  ' •'  -m — »— 

Previous  Winners— 1SS4,  W.  E.  Thompson,  Montreal,  r.  Q.;  1SS5,  M.  W.  Ford;  1886, 
M.  W.  Ford;  1S87,  A.  A.  Jordan;  1888,  M.  W.  Ford;  18H'J,  M.  W.  Ford;  1890,  A.  A.  Jordan; 
1891,  A.  A.  Jordan;  lSli2,  M.  O'Sullivan;  1893,  E.  W.  Goff;  1894,  E.  \V.  Goi:f;  1805,  J.  Cos- 
grrove;  189G,  L.  P.  Sheldon,  N.  Y.  A.  C;  1897,  E.  H.  Clark,  B,  A.  A.;  1898  E.  C.  White, 
Cornell  University;  1899,  J.  Fred  Powers,  St.  Paul's  Lyceum,  Worcester,  Mass.;  1900,  H. 
Gill,  Toronto,  Y,  M.  C.  A.,  Ont.;  1901,  A.  B.  Gunn,  Central  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  190i},  Adam  B. 
Gunn,  Central  T.  M.  C.  A.;  1903,  Ellery  H.  Clark,  Boston  A.  A.;  1904,  Thomas  F.  Kiely, 
Carrick-on-Suir,  Ireland;  1905,  Martin  J.  Sheridan;  1909,  Thomas  F.  Iviely,  Ireland. 

TEN-MILE    RUN    CHAMPIONSHIP. 

The  10-mile  run  championsMp  of  the  A.  A.  U.  was  held  at  tlie  Polo  Grounds,  New 
York,  October  12,  1907,  and  the  three  leading  men  and  their  times  were  as  follows:  John 
J.  Daly,  Irish- American  A.  C,  55m.  16  4-5s. ;  Thomas  Collins,'  I. -A.  A.  C,  56m.  46s.;  John 
J.  Gallagher,  Shanahan  Catholic  Club,  Philadelphia,  57m.  oSs. 

TEN-MIDE    RIVER    CHAMPIONSHIP. 

The  first  annual  national  A.  A.  U.  10-mile  river  swim  was  held  September  2,  1907,  In 
the  Mississippi  at  St.  Louis,  and  54  of  the  56  starters  finished.  The  first  three  men  were: 
H.  J.  Handy,  of  Chicago,  unattached,  Ih.  40m.  04s.;  A.  M.  Goessling,  Missouri  A.  C,  St. 
XiOuis,   Ih.   41m.  57  4-5s.;   Gwynn  Evans,   M.   A.   C,   Ih.   43m.   56  2-5s. 


(Compiled  by  James  E.  Sullivan,   President  A.  A.   U.,  for  The  World  Alma.nac.) 

Best    American    records,    including    those    made    in    1P07,    for   amateur    athletes    and    at 
standard  Aveights  and  distances,  as  accepted  by  the  Amateur  Athletic  Union  are  as  follows: 

Running — 20  yards— 2  4-5s.,E.  B.  Bloas,  Roxbury,  Mass.,  February  22,  1892.  40  yards— 
4  2-5s.,  W.  D.  Eaton,  Boston,  Februarj'  II,  1903.  50  yards— 5  2-5s.,  Victor  S.  Rice,  Chicago, 
February  20,  1904;  W.  D.  Eaton,  Ncav  York.  October  lO,  1905;  R.  L.  Murray,  St.  Louis, 
Mart-h  17,  1906.  75  yards— 7  3-5s.,  L.  H.  Cary,  Princeton,  May  9,  1891;  B.  J.  Wefers, 
Boston,  January  25,  1896;  Arohie  Hahn,  Milwaukee,  March  11,  1905.  100  yards— 9  3-5s., 
Dan  J.  Kelly,  Spokane,  Wasii.,  June  23,  1906.  120  yards— 11  4-5s.,  B.  J.  Wefers,  Travers 
Island,  September  26,  1896.  220  yards— 21  95-lOOs.  (electrical  timing),  H.  Jewett,  Montreal, 
September  24,  1892  (slight  curve).  Straightaway,  21  l-5s.,  B.  J.  Vv'efei-s,  New  York.  May 
30,  1896.  Quarter-mile  path — 31  4-5s.,  J.  H.  Maybury,  Madison,  Wis.,  May  9,  1896.  Slight 
curve,  21  l-5s.,  Dan  J.  Kelly,  Spokane,  Wash.,  June  2.",  1906.  440  yards,  straightaway— 
47s.,  M.  W.  Long,  Guttenburg  Race  Track,  October  4,  1900.  Round  path.  352  yards  circuit, 
47  4-5s.,  M.  W.  Long,  Travers  Island,  New  York,  September  29,  1900.  600  yards— Im.  lis.. 
T.  B.  Burke.  Williamsbridge,  N.  Y.,  September  19,  1896.  880  yards— Im.  53  2-5s.,  C.  H. 
Kilpa trick,  New  York,  September  21,  1895.  900  yards — ^2m.  01  4-5s.,  M.  W.  Sheppard,  Long 
Island  Citv,  September  1,  1907,  1,000  yards— 2m.  18s.,  L.  E.  Mvers,  New  York,  October  8, 
1881.  1  mile — im.  15  3-5s.,  T.  P.  Conneff,  Travers  Island,  August  28,  1895.  2  miles— 
9m.  27  4-5s.,  Alex  Grant,  Travers  Island,  September  23,  1903.  3  miles— 14m.  39s.,  W.  D.  . 
Day,  Bergen  Point,  N.  J.,  May  30,  1890.  4  miles— 20m.  11  l-5s.,  George  V.  Bonhag.  New 
York,  February  22,  1907.  5  miles— 25m.  23  3-5s.,  E.  C.  Carter,  New  York,  September  17, 
18S7.  0  miles— 31m.  27  l-us.,  E.  C.  Carter,  Bersen  Point,  N.  J.,  October  21,  1893.  7  miles— 
.SOm.  54s.  8  miles- 42m.  19s.,  E.  C.  Carter,  New  York.  November  6,  ISSG.  9  miles— 47m. 
41  4-5s.,  S.  Thomas,  Staten  Island,  October  20,  1SS9.  10  miles— 52m.  38  2-5s.,  W.  D.  Day, 
Staten  Island,  October  26,  1889.  25  miles— 2h.  52m.  24s.,  J.  Gassman,  Williamsburg,  L.  I., 
February  22.  1884.  50  miles— 7h.  29m.  47s.,  P.  Golden,  Williamsburg,  L.  I.,  February  22, 
1883.     100  miles— 17h.  36m.  14s.,  J.  Saunders,  New  York,  February  21-22,  1882. 

Walking— 75  yards— 12 1,4s.,  F.  J.  Mott.  New  Y'ork,  April  18,  1878.  1^  mile— 36  3-5s., 
Wm.  Young.  Portland,  Ore.,  August  3.  1905.  M  mile— Im.  23s.,  H.  L.  Curtis,  New  York, 
September  26,  1891.  J/^  mile— 3m.  2  2-5s.,  F.  P.  Murray,  New  York,  October  22.  1883. 
%  mile— 4m.  40y2S.,  T.  H.  Armstrong,  Jr.,  New  York,  October  26,  1877.  1  mile — 6m.  29  3-5s., 
F.  P.  I^Iurray,  New  York,  October  27,  1883.  2  miles— 13m.  48  3-5s.,  F.  P.  Murray,  Will- 
iamsburg, L.  I.,  Ma5'  30,  1.SS4.  3  miles— 21m.  9  l-5s.,  F.  P.  Murray,  New  York,  November 
6,  1S83.  4  rniles- 29m.  40  4-5s.,  T.  H.  Armstrong,  Jr.,  New  York,  November  6.  1877.  5 
miles— 3Sm.  00%s.,  W.  H.  Purdv,  New  York,  May  22,  1880.  6  miles— 45m.  28s.,  E.  E.  Mer- 
rill, Boston,  October  5,  1880.  7  miles— 54m.  07s.,  E.  E.  Merrill,  Boston.  October  5,  1880. 
8  miles— Ih.  2m.  SV-s.,  J.  B.  Clark,  Nev/  York,  September  8,  1880.  9  miles— Ih.  10m.  8s., 
E.  E.  Merrill,  Boston,  Mass.,  October  5,  1S80.  10  miles— Ih.  17m..  40%s.,  E.  E.  Merrill, 
Boston,  October  5,  1880.  15  miles— 2h.  14m.  44s.,  W.  O'Keefe,  Williamsburg,  L.  I.,  De- 
cember 31,  1880.  20  miles— oh.  8m.  10s.;  25  miles— 4h.  3m.  35s.,  J.  B.  Clark,  New  York, 
December  5.  1879.  .50  miles— 9h.  2'Jm.  22s.;  75  miles— 15h.  00m.  15s.;  100  miles— 21h.  00m. 
42s.,  G.  B.  Gillie,  New  York,  May  10-11,  1878. 

Hurdles— 40  yards,  high.  3  hurdles— 5  4-5s.,  T.  P.  Curtis,  Boston,  March  14,  1890.  60 
yards,  high,  5  hurdles— 8  l-5s.,  S.  C.  Northridge,  New  York,  February  9,  1907.  100  yards, 
low.  8  hm-dles,  10  yards  apart,  first  hurdle  20  yards  from  start,  last  hurdle  10  yards  from 
fini.sh— 12  l-5s.,  J.  S.  Hill,  Baltimore,  January  9,  1907.  100  yards,  high.  S  hurdles,  10  yards 
apart,  first  hurdle  15  yards  from  start,  last  hurdle  15  yards  from  finish — 12  l-5s.,  J.  S. 
Hill,  BaMimore,  February  9,  1907.  100  yards  lov,^  10  hurdles— 12  l-5s.,  S.  C.  Northridge, 
Brooklyn,  March  30,  1907.  220  vards,  10  hurdles,  low— 2.3  3-5s.,  A.  C.  Kraenzlein,  New 
York,  May  2S.  1898;  10  hurdles,  3  feet  hJ-rh- 28  4-5s.,  C.  T.  Wiegand,  Brooklyn.  July  10, 
1886;  10  hurdles,  high— 28  4-5s.,  J.  J.  Eller,  New  York,  Nove:nber  9,  1906.  440  yards,  10 
hurdles,  low— .54  3-53.,  H.  L.  Hillman,  Travers  Island,  New  York,  October  1,  1904;  10 
hurdles,  high— Im.   08  3-5s.,  J.  T.  Mahoney,   Buffalo,  N.   Y.,  Aligust  29,   1901. 

Jumping- Standing  high,  witihout  weights— 5  ft.  5iiin.,  Ray  C.  Ewry,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
September  7,  1901.  Running  high,  without  weights — Oft.  5%in.,  M.  F.  Sweeney,  New  York, 
September  21,  1895.  Standing  long,  without  weights— lift.  4%in.,  Ray  C.  Ewry,  St.  Louis, 
August  29,  1904;  with  weights— 12ft,  oy^in.,  L.  Hellwig,  Williamsburg.  L.  I.,  November 
89,  1884.     Backward,  with  weights— 9ft.,  J.   J.   Carpentei',  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,   November  8, 


482  Jiest  Athletio,    Hecords. 


BEST  ATHLEFIO  KECORDS-Coni!ir»«cd. 


1SS4.  Three  standing— 35ft,  8%ln.,  Ray  C.  Ewry,  New  York,  September  7.  1903.  Standing 
hap,  step,  and  Jump,  without  weights— 30ft.  Sin.,  J,  Cosgrove,  Albany.  N.  Y.,  April  25, 
1894.  With  weights— 31£t.  71n.,  W.  W,  Butler,  Boston,  June  IS.  1SS6.  Running  hop,  step, 
and  ju-rnp.  without  weights— 48ft.  61n.,  E.  B.  Bloss,  Chicago,  September  16,  1803.  Running 
long,  without  weights — 24ft.  7i/41n.,  M.   Prlnstein,   Philadelphia,  April  28,   1900. 

Vaulting— Fence  vaulting— 7ft.  3% in.,  C.  H.  Atkinson.  Cambridge,  March  22,  1884.  One- 
hand  fence  vaulting — 5ft.  6'oin.,  I.  D.  Webster,  Philadelphia,  April  6.  188«.  Pole  vaulting 
for  height — ^12ft.  5%in.,  W.  R.  Dray,  New  Haven,  May  18,  1907.  Pole  vaulting  for  distance— 
2Sft.,  Martin  J.   Sheridan,  New  York,  October  25,  1907. 

Hammer  Throwing— 12-pound  hammer,  7-foot  circle — 190ft.  9in.,  Li.  J.  Talbott,  April  20, 
1907.  16-pound  hammer,  7-foot  circle — 173ft.  7in.,  M.  J.  McGrath,  Montreal,  September  21, 
1907. 

Shot  Putting— 8-pound— 67ft.  7in.:  12-pound— 55ft.  ll%in.;  14-pound— 51ft.  6%in.;  16- 
pound— 49ft.  73/4in.;  IS-pound— 43ft.  9i^in. ;  21-pound— iOft.  3%in.;  28-pound— 34ft.  5%!n.,  all 
by  Ralph  Rose,  of  San  Francisco,  from  7-fooit  circle,  at  Travers  Island,  N.  Y.,  September 
14,  1907,  except  the  IC-lb.  shot  record,  which  was  made  by  Rose  at  Montreal,  September 
2i;  1907.     28-lb.   weight,   with   follow— 30ft.   3in.,   Dennis  Horgan,   Travers   Island,   September 

29,  1906.  421b.  stone,  with  follow— 26ft.  8' '.in.,  J.  S.  Mitchel,  New  York,  September  7, 
1903.     56-lb.   shot,  with  follow— 23ft.    '/^in.,   W.   Real,   Boston,   October  4,   188S. 

Weight  Throwing — 14-pouiid,  from  shoulder,  -with  follow— 5Sft.  2in.,  J.  S.  Mitchel.  Bos- 
ton, October  4,  ISSS.  56-pounds,  one  hand,  without  run  or  follow — 28ft.  9in.,  J.  S.  Mitchel, 
New  York,  August  26,  1905;  with  two  hands,  without  run  or  follow— 31ft.  5in.,  John  Flana- 
gan, New  York,  August  26,  1905;  two  hands  from  a  7-foot  circle,  Avithout  follow — 38ft.  8in., 
John  Flanagan,  Jamestown  .Exposition,  September  7,  1907;  two  hands,  unlimited  run  and 
follow — 40ft.  2in.,  John  Flanagan,  Long  Island  City,  July  17,  1904;  thrown  for  height — 
15ft.  6%in.,  J.  S.  Mitchel,  Bavonne  City,  September  6,  1897;  Irish  style,  onfe  hand,  with  un- 
limited run  and  follow— .38ft.  5in.,  J.  S.  Mitchel,  New  York,   September  7,  1903. 

Throwing  the  Discus — Free  style — 136ft.  lOin.,  M.  J.  Sheridan,  Long  Island  Ci'ty,  June 
23,  1907.     Greek  stvle— 97ft.   Si^.in..   M.  J.   Sheridan.   Norfolk.   Va.,   September  7,   1907. 

Throwing  the  Javelin— 140ft.  2in.,  M.  J.  Sheridan,  Long  Island  City,  October  20,  1907. 
(American   record). 

Relay  Racing — '1.280  yards — 2m,  28  4-5s.,  Georgetown  University  team  (Edmunson, 
McCarthy,  Reillv,  Mulligan),  St.  Louis,  March  26,  1904.  1.760  yards,  for  men,  each  to  run 
440  yards— 3m.  21  2-5s.,  New  York  A.  C.  team  (B.  J.  Wefers,  M,  W.  Long,  T.  E.  Burke, 
H.  S.  Lyons),  New  York,  August  28,  1898;  Harvard  team  (Schick.  Li.arhtner,  Willis  and 
Rust),  Philadelphia,  April  26,  1902.  2,400  yards,  each  man  to  run  600  yards— 5m.  11  3-5s., 
Irish-American    A.    C.    team    (Odell,    Riley,    Bromilow,    Sheppard),    Long    Island    Citv,    May 

30,  1907,  2  miles— 7m.  54  4-.5s.,  N.  Y.  A.  C.  team  (H.  W.  Cohn,  J.  A.  Taylor,  A.  9.  Mac- 
donald,  Joseph  Bromilow),  Travers  Island,  N.  Y.,  June  10,  1905.  4  mi'es — 17m.  5Ss.,  I. -A. 
A.  C.  team  fj.  P.  Sullivan,  G.  V.  Bonhag,  H.  W.  Cohn,  M.  W.  Sheppard),  New  York.  Feb- 
ruary 3,  1906  (indoor);  18m.  10  2-5s.,  University  of  Michigan  team  (J.  W,  Maloney,  H,  P. 
Ramey,  H.   L.  Coe,   F.  A.  Rowe),   Philadelpliia,   April  28.   1906  (outdoor). 

Sack  Racing — 35  yards— 5  3-5s.,  R.  Mercer,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  March  15,  1901.  50  yards, 
over  4  hurdles,  1  foot  high— 9%s.,  J.  M.  Nason,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  December  6,  1890.  .50  yards— 
7s.,  R.  Mercer,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  April  20,  1901.  75  yards— 10  4-5s.,  R.  Mercer,  Buffalo,  April 
20,  1901.  75  yards,  over  6  hurdles  1  foot  higTi- 16s.,  J.  M.  Nason,  Buffalo,  December  6, 
I'^OO.  100  yards— 15  3-5s.,  J,  M.  Nason,  Buffalo,  July  11.  1S91.  100  yards,  over  10  hurdles 
18in.  high— 21  Vis.,  J,   M.   Nason,   New  York,  September  29.   1882. 

Hopping — 50  yards — 7  1-5s. ;  80  yards — 10  4-5s,;  100  yards — 13  3-5s.,  S.  D.  See,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  October  15.   1SS.5. 

Running  Backwards — 50  yards — ^7  4-5s. ;  75  yards — 11  l-5s,,  S.  S.  Schuyler,  New  York, 
October  8,   18S7.     100  yards — 14s.,   A.   Forrester,   Toronto,   Ont.,   June  23,    1888. 

Three-Legged  Races — 50  yards — 6s.,  H.  L.  Hillman,  Jr.,  and  Lawson  Robertson.  Brook- 
lyn, November  11,  1905.  75  yards — 8  4-5s.,  Hillman  and  Robertson,  New  York,  February  2, 
1907.  100  yards — 11  2-5s.;  120  yards— 14s.,  Hillman  and  Robertson,  Brooklyn,  November  17, 
1906.     220  yards— 33s,,  H.  K.  Zust  and  F.  C,  Puffer,  New  York,  April  1,   1893. 

Stone  Gathering— 8  stomas,  2  yds.  apart,  a  5-yd.  finish— 31s.,  Charles  J.  P.  Lucas.  Med- 
ford,  Mass.,  August  27,  1902.  10  stones,  oft.  mterval,  total  distance  1S3  1-3  yds.,  with  19 
ri.arhtabout  turns — 42s.,  Charles  J.  P.  Lucas,  St.  Louis,  October  12,  1904.  15  stones.  2yds. 
interval,  total  distance  4S0yds.,  with  29  rightabout  turns — Im.  57i/4s.,  E.  P.  Harris,  Amherst, 
Mass.,  October  9,  1881.  25  stones.  1yd.  Interval,  total  distance  650yds.,  with  49  rightabout 
turns— 2m.  39%s.,  M.  Brewer,  Williamstown,  Mass.,  Oct.  18,  1879.  50  stones,  1yd.  interval, 
total  distance  1  mile  79  yds.,  with  99  rightabout  turns— 11m.  29s.,  G.  R.  Starke,  Montreal, 
Jane    8,    1878. 

Dumbbells — Holding  one  dumbbell  in  each  hand  at  arm's  length  perpendicular  above 
the  head  and  dropped  down  to  straight  out  from  the  shoulder  horizontally,  right  hand, 
79Vi;lbs. ;  left  hand,  57yolbs. — F.  Winters,  St.  Louis,  September  1,  1904.  Pushing  up  slowly 
one  dumbbell  in  each  hand  from  the  shoulder  to  arm's  length,  right  hand,  100^ lbs.;  left 
hand,  79i,{.lbs. — F.  Winters,  St.  Louis,  September  1,  1904.  Jerking  up  one  dumbbell  in  each 
hand  from  the  shoulder  to  arm's  length,  right  hand,  100i41bs.;  left  hand,  94%lbs. — O.  C. 
Osthoff,  St.  Louis,  September  1,  1904.  Tossing  up  one  dumbbell  with  both  hands  from 
ground  to  shoulder,  215M:lbs.— John  Y.  Smith,  Boston,  May  19,  1899.  Pushing  up  one 
dumbbell  with  both  hands  five  times  from  shoulder  to  full  arm's  length,  219ros.  6oz..  W. 
Stoessen,  New  York,  December  17,  1.S97.  Tossing  up  one  dumbbell,  weighing  2011bs..  with 
one  arm.  six  times,  from  shoulder  to  full  arm's  length — C.  O.  Breed,  Boston,  January  30. 
1884.  Pushing  up  one  dumbbell,  weighing  looibs.,  20  times,  with  one  hand,  from  shoulder 
to  full  arm's  length— G.  N.  Robinson,  San  Francisco,  November  25,  1875.  Pushing  up  one 
dumbbell,  weighing  5()lbs.,  94  times,  with  one  hand,  from  shoulder  to  full  arm's  length— 
A.  A.  Hylton,  San  F'rancisco.  May  19,  18.85.  Pushing  up  one  dumbbell,  weighing  251bs., 
4.50  times,  with  one  hand,  from  shoulder  to  full  arm's  length— G.  W.  W.  Roche,  San  Fran- 
cisco, November  "25.  1S75.  Pushing  up  one  dumbbell,  weighing  121bs.,  14,000  times,  with 
one  hand,  from  shoulder  to  full  arm's  length— A.  Corcoran,  Chicago,  October  4,  1873.  Cur- 
ling and  putting   up  from  shoulder   to  full   arm's  lei^ifth   above   the  shoulder   two   dumbbeljs 


Jiest  Iiiter scholastic   Records.  483 

BEST  ATHLETIC  RECORDB— O/ztii/iHed. 


at  the  same  time,  one  in  each  hand,  each  weighing  lOOlbs. — W.  B.  Curtis,  Chicago,  Sep- 
tember   10.    1859. 

Lifting— With  hands  alone— l,3841bs.,  H.  Leussing,  Cincinnati,  March  81,  1S80.  With 
harness— 3,2391  bs.,  W.  B.  Curtis.  New  York.  December  20,  1808.  Lifting  the  bar  bell, 
2461bs.— Perlkles  Kakousis,   St.  Louis,   August  31,   1!J04. 

Rope  Climbing— Using  both  hands  and  feet— 3r.ft.  8in.  up,  in  14  4-r>.s.,  C.  E.  Raynor, 
South  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  April  2,  1887.  Using  hands  alone— I8ft.  up.  3  3-5s.,  Edward 
Kunath,  Anchor  A.  C.  Jersey  City,  March  25,  jy02;  bell  22ft.  from  the  floor.  21ft.  up, 
6  3-5s.,  Kunath,  New  York,  March  17,  1899;  bell  35ft.  above  floor.  25ft.  G  2-5s.,  Kunath, 
New   York,   September   1,    1901. 

Parallel  Bars — Three  successive  arm-jumps,  without  .swing— 15ft.,*  S.  Strasburger,  New 
York,  November  10,  1873,  With  swings— 19ft.  9in.,  A.  A.  Conger,  New  York,  November  10, 
1873.     Push-ups,  without  swing — 58  times,   S.  L.  Foster,  Cambridge,   Mass.,   April  18,  1884. 

Kicking  -Double  kick— Sft.  l%in.,  F.  C.  Crane,  Aurora,  111.,  November  20,  1901.  Run- 
ning hitch  and  kick— 9ft.  lin.,  C.  R.  Wilburn,  Annapolis,  June  t5,  1888.  Running  high  kick — 
9ft.   Sin.,   C.    C.    Lee,    New   Haven,    Ct.,   March   19,    1887. 

Jumping  from  Springboard — Running  high  jump — 7ft.  TViin.,  David  Lane,  Bridgeport, 
Ct.,  March  13,  1901,  Running  high  dive— Sft/  e^/^in.,  Charles  Stewart,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
September  19,   1893. 

Pulling  the  Body  Up  by  the  Arms — Pulling  the  body  up  by  the  little  finger  of  one 
hand — 6  times;  by  one  arm— 12  times,  A.  Cutter,  Louisville,  Ky.,  September  18,  1878.  By 
both  amis — 65  times,  H.  H.  Seelye,  Amherst,  Mass.,  October,  1875. 


The  A.  A.  U.  does  not  recognize  indoor  records,  but  the  following  list,  compiled  by 
George  V.   Bonhag,  will  be  found  to  be   in  the  main  correct: 

Track  Records— 40-yard  dash— W.  D.  Eaton,  at  Boston,  Mass.,  4  2-5s.  50-yard  dash— 
W.  D.  Eaton,  at  Boston,  Mass.,  5  2-5s.  GO-yard  dash— W^ashington  Delgado,  at  New  York, 
6  2-5s.  70-yard  da.sh — William  A.  Schick,  at  New  York,  7  l-5s.  100-yard  dash— Bernard  J. 
Wefers,  at  Brooklyn,  10s.  150-yard  dash— Lawson  Robertson,  at  New  York,  16  l-5s.  220- 
yard  dash— Lav.-son  Robertson,  at  New  York,  23  l-5s.  300-yard  dash— Lawson  Robertson, 
at  New  York,  33  l-5s.  440-yard  dash— Harry  Hillman,  at  Brooklyn,  50  4-5s.  GOO-yard 
dash— M.  W.  Sheppard,  at  New  York.  March  30,  1007,  Im.  14s.  8S0-yard  run — Melvin  W^ 
Sheppard,  at  New  York,  Im.  5Ss.  1,000-yard  run— Melvin  W.  Sheppard,  at  New  York.  2m. 
17  4-5s.  1-mile  run — Frank  Nebrich,  at  New  York,  4m.  24s.  1%-mile  run— D.  C.  Munson, 
at  New  York,  6m.  57  3-5s.,  February,  1905.  2-mile  run — George  V.  Bonhag,  at  New  York. 
9m.  89  l-5s.  3-mile  run — George  V.  Bonhag,  Buffalo,  14m.  43  3-5s.  S^-mile  run— George 
V.  Bonhag,  at  New  York,  19m.  l-5s.,  Feb.  22,  1907.  4-mile  run — George  V.  Bonhag,  at 
Nev;-  York,  20m.  11  l-Ds.     5-mile  run — George  V.  Bonhag,  at  New  Y'ork,  25m.  52  l-5s. 

Hurdles— 60  yards  -High  hurdle,  3ft.  Gin.,  8  l-5s.,  S.  C.  Northridge,  New  York,  Feb.  9, 
1907.  100  yards,  8  hurdles,  2ft.  61n.  high,  10  yards  apart;  first  hurdle  20  yards  from  start, 
last  hurdle  10  yards  from  finish,  12  l-5s.;  J.  S.  Bill,  Baltimore,  Jan.  9,  1007.  100  yards— 
10  hurdles,  2ft.  6in.  high,  12  l-5s.;  S.  C.  Northridge,  Brooklyn,  March  30,  1907.  Three, 
records  are  also  world's  records.  220  vards,  10  hurdles,  Sft.  6in.— John  J.  Eller,  at  New 
York,  28  4-.'>3.     10  hurdles,  2St.  Gin.— Harry  L.  Hillman,  at  New  York,  26  l-5s. 

Shot   Putting— 12-pound— 55ft. ;    16-pound— 47ft.    6y2in,,    M.    W.    Coe. 

Pole  Vault— 28ft.   Sin.,   M.   J.    Sheridan. 


l^mi  ^.  (t.  U.  ^-  ^.  ^.  Mrcot^s. 

100  yards— 9  4-5s.,  B.  J.  W^efers,  Georgetown  University.  New  York.  May  30,  1896.  220 
yards — 21  l-5s.,  B.  J.  Wefers,  Georgetown  University,  New  Y'ork.  May  30,  1896.  440  yards— 
48  4-5s.,  J.  B.  Taylor,  Pennsylvania,  Cambridge,  June  1,  1907,  i/o-mile — Im.  56s.,  E.  B. 
Parsons,  Yale,  Philadelphia,  May  27,  1905.  1  mile— 4m.  20  3-5s.,  Guy  Haskins,  Pennsylvania, 
Cambridge,  June  1.  1907.  2-mile  run— 9m.  34  4-5s.,  F.  A.  Rowe,  Michigan,  Cambridge, 
June  1,  1907.  Running  broad  jump— 24ft.  4%in.,  A.  C.  Kraenzlein,  Pennsylvania,  New 
York,  May  27,  1899.  Running  high  jump— 6ft.  S^in.,  T.  Moffit,  Pennsylvania,  Cambridge, 
June  1,  1907,  Putting  161b.  shot— 46ft.  SVoin.,  W.  F.  Krueger,  Swarthmore,  Cambridge, 
June  1,  1907.  Throwing  the  hammer— lG4ft.  lOin.,  J.  R.  DeWitt,  Princeton,  New  York, 
May  31,  1902.  Pole  vault— 12ft.  5%in.,  Walter  Dray,  Yale,  New  Haven,  May  18.  1907. 
120  yards  hurdle— 15  2-5s.,  A.  C.  Kraenzlein,  Pennsylvania,  New  York.  May  27.  1889.  220 
yards  hurdle— 23  3-5s.,  A.  C.  Kraenzlein,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  May  28,  1898.  1-mile 
walk— Gm.  45  2-5s.,  W.  B.   Fetterman,  Jr.,  Pennsylvania,   New  York,  May  28,   1898. 

100  yards  run— lOs.,  T.  Bigelow,  1894;  H.  Loomis,  1895;  J.  McCulloch,  1897;  T.  Mc- 
Donald, 1899;  C.  Pierce,  1900;  W.  Schick,  C.  Blair.  1901;  Walter  Eckersall,  1903;  W- 
Hogenson,  E.  F.  Annis,  E.  C.  Jessup,  1904;  Rector,  E.  C.  Jessup,  Meyer,  Ralph  Strother. 
1905;  E.  E.  Nelson,  A.  Richard,  E.  T.  Cook,  Harvey  Blair,  1906.  220  yards  run— 21  3-5s., 
W.  Schick.  1900-01.  440  yards  run— 50  l-5s.,  C.  Long,  1901.  880  yards  run— Im.  59  3-5s., 
H.  E.  Manvel,  Princeton  Interscholastic  Meet.  1897.  1-mile  run— 4m.  28  3-5s.,  M.  W.  Shep- 
pard, Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  May  13,  1905.  2-mile  run— 9m.  59  2-5s.,  M.  W.  Sheppard,  Philadelphia, 
May  8,  1905.  120  yards  hurdle— 15  4-5s..  R.  G.  Leavitt.  1903.  220  yards  hurdle — 25s..  P. 
Scheuber,  1901.  Running  high  jump— 6ft.  2iAin.,  J.  S.  Spraker,  Princeton  Meet,  1899. 
Running  broad  jump— 23ft.  5in.,  E.  T.  Cook,  Chilllcothe,  Ohio,  May  25,  1906.  Pole  vault- 
lift.  31/din..  C.  Freeney,  Chicago,  111.,  June  9,  190G.  Putting  12-pound  shot— 53ft.  1  l-3In., 
L.  J.  Talbot,  Philadelphia,  March  9,  1997.  Putting  161b.  shot— 45ft.  6Viin..  Ralph  Rose.  San 
Francisco,  May  2,  1903.  Throwing  121b.  hammer— 190ft.  9in.,  L.  J.  Talbot.  Princeton, 
April  20,  1907.  Throwing  dlscu.s— 126ft.  SiAin.,  L.  J.  Talbot,  Mercersburg  Academy,  %-mlle 
relay— Im.  32  2-53.,  Lewis  Institute,  at-  Northwestern  University,  May  2,  1903.  l-mile 
relay— 3m.  30  1-5s.,  Centenary  Collegiate  Institute  team,  Middletown,  Ct.,  May  26,  190G. 


484 


Tiasehall. 


ilascDaU* 


For  the  first  time  since 
in  sti-aight  games,  defeating 
The  summaries: 

At  Chicago,  October  8  (12  innings^.     Chlcag-o — 3  run?;, 
9  hits,   2  errors.     Batteries— Overall.   Koulbach  ahd   Kliiig 

At   Chicago.    October  9.      Chicago— 3    runs,    S    hitsi    1 
errors.     Batteries— Pfeister  and  Kling; 

At   Chicago,   October   10.      Chicago- 
error.     Batteries — Reulbaoli  and  Kling: 

At  Detroit,  October  11.     Chicago— U 
Batteries— Overall  and  Kilng;  Donovan 


1S84  the  Chicago  Nationals  won  a  world'.^  championship  series 
thfe  Detl-oit  Ainerlcahs  iti  five  contests,  the  first  being  a  draw. 


At   Detroit.   October   12.      Chicago- 2   runs,    T    hits,    0   errors 
errors.     Batteries — Brown  and   Kling;   Mblllti   and  Archel*. 


10  hits.  3  errors,     Detroit— 3  fltns, 

DcTnovan  and  Schmidt, 
error.      Detroit— 1    run,    10   hits,   3 
I'ayne. 

hits,   0  ei-rors.     Detroit— 1  run,   7  hits,   1 
Sievei-,   KUlian  and  Soliinidt. 

runs.  7  hits,  1  error.     Detroit— 1  run,  C>  hits,  2  errors, 
and  SchmkU. 

Detrbit— 0   runs,   7   hits,   2 


Mullin  and 
-">   runs,    10 


WORLD'S    CHAMPiONSIiiP    SEPJES    AT    A    GLANCE. 

"             CHICAGO.               G.  AK.  R.  H.   S.H.  S.B.  S.O.  B.B.  2B.  3B.  T.B.  P.O.  O.  A  E.  P.O. 

Slagle     cf   5  22  3  6       0       5       3       3       0       0       6  .273  13  0  0  l.OOD 

Sheckard,  If 5  21  0  5       1       1       3       0       2       0       7  .238  10  0  0  1,000 

Chance    lb    4  14  3  S       0       3       2       3       1       0       4  .214  44  1  0  1.000 

Howard,   lb 2  5  0  1       0       1       2       0       0       0       1  .201  10  1  0  1.000 

Steinfeldt,  3b 5  17  2  8       1       1       2       2       1       1     11  .471  10  7  0  l.OuO 

Kliflg,  c.    5  19  2  4       1       0       4       1       0       0       4  .212  2o  9  1  .U71 

Evert    2b-ss 5  2d  271300209  .850  9  12  3  .875 

Schulte    rf 5  20  $  5       0       1       2       1       0      0       b  .250  6  2  1  .S.S8 

Tinker,    ss..: 5  14  4  3      1      2      3      3      0       1       5  .214  15  23  3  .027 

Zimmerman,    3b 1  1  0  Q       6       0       1       0       0       0       0  .000  0  10  l,Oi)0 

Overall    p... 2  6  0  1       1      0       1       0      0      0      1  .107  0  6  0  1.000 

Reulbach,  p 2  5  0  1      0      0      0      0      0      0      1  .200  1  2  0  l.aoo 

Pfip-ter    p   1  2  0  0       1       0       1       0       0       0       0  .000  0  0  0  1.000 

Brovr-n,  p. 1  BOOOOOIOOO  .000  110  l,O00 

Totals 1    'lG9i9     44'7l72413       G       2     54     .261     144     65       8       .'.'63 

■                DETIIOIT.               C4.  A.B.  aTHTsliTS.B.  S.OTB.Br2ir3B7f:B.  P.O.  OT^K.  ^eT^P.C. 

Jones,   If 5  17  1       6       1       2       0       4       0       0       6  .353  10       2  0  1,(H)0 

Sctiaefer,  2b 5  21  1311       3       0003  .143  13     20  0  1.000 

Crav.-ford,   cf 5  21  1       5      0       0      3       0       1       0       6  .238  7       2  0  1,000 

Cobb,  vf.. 5  20  1       4       0       0      3       0       1       1       7  .?00  0       0  0  LOOO 

Ro3sn-.an,   lb 5  20  1       9       0       1       0       1       0       1     11  .450  50       5  1  .0S2 

Coughlin,   3b 5  20  0      5       0       1       4       1       0      0      5  .250  0       4  2  .8(i7 

Schmidt,   c 4  12  020312002  .107  17       8  2  .029 

Payne,  c 1  4  0       1       0       1       0      0      0      0       1  .250  5       1  1  .857 

Archer,    c .^...1  3  0      0      0       0       1       0      0      0       0  .000  4       10  1.000 

O'Leary,    ss .....5  18  0       1       1       0       3       1       0       0       1  .056  9     it  1  .963 

Donovan,  p 2  8  0      0       0       0      3       0       0       0       0  .000  3       4  1  .S75 

Mullin,  p 2  600       0010000  .000  14  0  1.000 

Siever,  p 1  lOOOOOOOOO  .OOO  10  0  1.000 

Killian,  p 1  2  1       1       0      0       0       0       0      0       1  .500  0       0  0  .000 

Totals   , . .  .   5    TtB       6     87       3       6     22  .    9       2,2     43     .214     l38     68       8       .963 

Left  on  Bases— Chicago,  36;  Detroit,  34.  First  -base  on  errors— Chicago.  6.  Detroit.  6. 
Double  play.s— Tinker  (unassisted).  2;  Tinker  and  Chance,  2;  Evers  and  Tinker;  Steinfeldt* 
Evers  and  Chance;  Schaefer  and  Rossman;  Crawford  and  Sehaefer.  Fir.^t  ba.'^e  on  halls— Ott 
Overall,  4;  off  Reulbach,  3;  off  PfieSter,  1;  off  Brown,  1;  off  Donovan,  0;  off  Mullin.  (i;  off 
Killian,  1.  Struck  out— By  Overall,  ll;  by  Reulbach,  4;  by  Pfiester.  3;  by  Brown,  4;  by 
Donovan,  14:  bv  Mullin,  8;  by  Siever,  1;  by  Killian.  1.  Hit  by  pitchers -By  Pfiester,  1 
(Cobb):  by  Donovan,  2  (Sheckard,  ChancO);- by  Mullin.  1  (Steinfeldt).  Hits— Off  Overiill,  1(1 
in  is  innings;  off  Reulbach,  t)  in  12  ilUiings;  off  l^flester,  9  in  9  inniilgs;  off  IJrown.  7  in  SJ 
innings;  off  DonOvan,  17  in  21  innings;  off  Mullin,  16  in  17  ihhihgs;  off  Siever,  8  in  4 
innings;  off  Killian,  3  in  4  innings.  Umpires— Sheridan  and  O'Day. 
Previous  series  for  the  world's  dhatapion8hit>  ref^iiltfed  aft  lollows: 


Year. 


1S84.... 
1886.... 
1886.... 
1SS7. ... 
1.S88.... 
l.<«9.... 
18SK).... 
1H03.... 
1905.... 
I'.fOH.... 
1907  ... 


Coiitostiiig  Teams. 


Providence iw.  Metropolitan... 

Chicago  vft.  St.  Louis i 

C'hicaffe  v.t.  Bt.  Loui.s 

Detroit  r.?.  ist.  Louis.., 

New  York  r.s.  St.  Louis 

Xew  York  r.s.  Brooklyn 

Brooklyn  vx.  Loui.sv'lle 

Boston  vs.  Pittsburgh 

Xew  York  VB.  Philadelphia 

(;hicas:o  Am.  vx.  Chicago  Nnt. , 
ClilcagoNat.  vs.  Detroit  Am... 


Uesultsof  Series. 


I'rovidence. . . 

Cliicfi^o 

Chicago 

Detroit 

New  York ... 
New  York  . .. 
Brooklyn.  ... 

Boston" 

I  New  York  ... 
AnuMicans... 
Auittricaus... 


8  -Metropolitan.. 

3  St.  Louis 

•2  Br.  Louis 

11  .St.  Louis 

t)  St.  Louis 

(j  Hrcoklyn 

8  Loiiisville 

5  i^itlsburgh.... 
4iPhilRderphia., 

4iXHtlonals 

0  Natioual.s 


Drawn O 

I>rawn 1 

Drawn 0 

Drawn 0 

Drawn 0 

Jjrawn 0 

Drawn 1 

Drawn 0 

Drawn 0 

Drawn 0 

Drawn , .-  1 


Hasehall'^  ConHnued^ 


485 


A.MERICAN  LK.iGUk    RkcOKD    1''0R  1907.' 


Ol.tJB9. 


Detroit 

Philadelphia. 

Chicago 

Cleveland.... 
New  York.... 

St.  Louis 

Boston 

Washiugtou.. 


Games  lost. 


a'i2 


\^ 


Hi  9 

..12 

10  .. 

8  11 

10  10 

6!  0 
8  10 

4}  6 

.57  6-1 


^  CO 


1113  14  16 
141  9  14114 
10  12  16  11 
..15  12  13 

7l..|  8|12 
10  141. 


8  10 

71  9 


67178  83 


90 


_o 

to 

a 

tr. 


18 
17 
15 
15 
15 
13 
9, 


102 


9-: 

88 
87 
85 
70 
69 
59 
49 


a 

O 

u 


.613 

.607 
,  576 
.559 
.473 
.454 
.396 
.325 


NATJOn.XTj  LkagUK   RkCoRD  Ff.tt  1907. 


Clubs. 


Chicago 

Pittsburgh.... 
Philadelphia. 

New  York 

Brooklyn 

Cincinnati.. . . 

Boston 

St.  Louis 


[to 

Ol  3 
cs  to 


10 


12,14il6  15  17 
812  16  12 


0) 

o 

0^ 


814|..|10 
6|10  11  . . 


5  6 
510 
5  9 


Game.s  lost 4663|64j7li83  87 


10 


13  13 
12  13 
15 


17    16  107.704 
13    20    91.591 


912 

5   8 


11 
13 

7 
13 

16 


14i 

17| 
14 

14i 

61 


83.566 
82.5.36 
65.439 
66'.  431 
58.392 
52.340 


90  101' 


PREVIOUS  PENNANT  WINNERS  OF  THE  NATIONAL  LEAGUE. 


Ye.\u. 

Ch:im(!!on3. 

Won. 

Lost. 

Percent. 

Yeab. 

1892.. 

1893.. 
11894.. 
[  1895.. 
1  1896... 
,1897.. 
,  1898... 

1899.. 

1900.. 

1901.. 

1902.. 

1903.. 

1904.. 

1905.. 

1906.. 

1907.. 

Ch.-iinpions. 

Won. 

Lo<.t. 

Percent. 

1876.. 

Chicago 

52 
31 
41 

55 
67 
55 
55 

63 
84 
87 
90 
79 
84 
83 
86 
87 

14 
17 

19 
23 
17 
28 
29 
85 
28 
25 
34 
45 
47 
43 
43 
51 

.783 
.648 
.707 
.705 
.798 
.667 
.655 
.643 
.750 
.770 
.725 
.637 
.641 
.659 
.667 
.630 

Boston 

Boston 

Baltimore 

102 

86 

89 

87 

90 

93 

102 

101. 

82 

90 

103 

91 

106 

105 

116 

107 

48 
44 
39 
43 
39 
39 
47 
47 
54 
49 
36 
49 
47 
48 
36 
45 

.680 

1877.. 

Boston 

.(62 

1878,. 

Boston 

.695 

1879.. 

Providence 

Baltimore 

.669 

1880.. 

Chicago 

Bal  tiruore 

.698 

1881 . . 

Chicago 

Boston 

.705 

1882.. 

Chicago 

Boston.. 

Boston 

.685 

1883 . . 

Brooklyn 

.682 

1884.. 

Providence 

Broolclvn 

Pittsburgh 

.603 

1885.. 

Chicago 

.647 

1886.. 

Chicago 

Detroit 

Pittsburgh 

.745 

1887.. 

Pittsburgh 

New  "^'ork 

.650 

18.^8.. 

New  York 

.693 

1889.. 

Xew  York 

New  York 

.686 

1891).. 

Brooklyn 

Boston J 

Chicago 

.763 

Ib91..l 

Chicago 

.704 

PREVIOUS  PENNANT  WINNERS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LEAGUK 


TKiK. 

Champions. 

Won. 

Lost. 

Percent. 

.607 
.610 
.610 
.659 

Year. 

champions. 

""  Won. 

Lost. 

PeiCent. 

190U.. 

Chicago 

Chicago 

82 
83 
83 
91 

63 
53 
53 

47 

1904.. 
1905.. 
1906.. 
1907.. 

Boston 

95 
92 
93 
92 

59 
56 

58 
58 

.617 

1901.. 

Atliletic 

.621 

1902.. 

Athletic 

ChicafifQ 

.616 

1903.. 

Boston 

Detroit 

.613 

BASEBALL  RECORDS. 

The  first  official  baseball  records  in  America,  aside  from  regularly  scheduled  games, 
were  made  In  the  field  day  events  at  Cincinnati  September  11.  Winners  received  $100  in 
cash  and  a  gold  medal.     The  summaries: 

Long-Distance  Fungo  Hitting^ — ^AVon  bv  Mike  Mitchell,  outfielder,  Cincinnati,  with  413  ft. 
Si^  in.;  Harry  Mclntire,  pitcher,  Brooklyn,  second,  with  411  ft.  1  in.;  Ed  Walsh,  pitcher, 
Chicago  Americans,    third,    with  3'JG  ft.    lOV^   in. 

Accurate  Throwing  to  Second  Base  by  Catchers — Won  by  George  Gibson,  Pittsbui'gh; 
Larry  McLean,   Cincinnati,   second. 

Runtiing  Out  a  Bunt  to  First  Base — Won  by  Jack  Thoney,  Toronto;  time,  3  l-5s.  This 
was  Thoney's  second  trial,  five  men  tying  the  first  time  with  3  2-5s. 

Long-Distance  Throw— Won  by  Sheldon  La  Jeune,  outfielder,  Springfield,  O.,  Central 
League,  with  399  ft.  10%  in.,  2  ihches  short  of  a  throw  by  Hatfield,  made  twenty  years  ago; 
Arthur  Hostetter,  St.  Louis  Nationals,  385  ft.  8  in.;  James  Stanley,  outfielder,  Louisville 
American  Association.   372  ft.   11  in. 

Third  Base.  Circling  Contest — Won  by  Clement,  outfielder,  Jersey  City;  time,  14  l-5s.; 
Hans  Lobert,  Cincinnati,  and  Jack  Thoney,  Toronto,  tied  for  second  place  in  14  2-5s. ;  Leach, 
Pittsburgh,  made  the  round  in  14  l-5s.,  but  failed  to  touch  a  base  and  was  disqualified. 

At  Providence,  R.  I.,  September  17,  Phelan  was  credited  with  beating  a  bunt  to  first 
in  3s.  flat. 

In  field  day  games  at  Pittsburgh,  October  7,  Tom  Leach,  center  fielder,  circled  the  bases 
in  14s.  flat,  and  with  slides  to  second  and  third,  16  l-5s. 


FACTS  WORTH  REMEMBERING. 

Total  attendance  at  world's  championship  games  in  1907,  78,086.  Total  receipts,  $101,707. 
Chicago  players  received  .$2,089  each;  Detroit.  $1,945. 

Total  attendance  at  National  and  American  League  games,  1907,  6,136,557,  or  300.000 
more  than  the  best  previous  record  of  1004.  National  League— New  York,  538,350;  Chicago, 
422,550;  Philadelphia,  341,216;  Pittsburgh,  319.506;  Cincinnati,  317,500;  Brooklyn,  312.500;  St. 
Louis, -282.950;  Boston,  20.3.221;  total,  2.7.37,703.  American  League— Chicago,  666.307;  Phila- 
delphia, 625,581;  Boston,  436,777;  St.  Louis,  419,025;  Cleveland,  382,046;  New  York,  350,020; 
Detroit,   297.079;  Washington,   221,029;   total,   3,898,764. 

Four  series  were  played  for  the  Temple  Cup.     In  1894  the  New  York  Giants  beat  Balti- 


4:^0 


baseball— ^Continued. 


more  four  straight  ganips.  In  1805  Cleveland  beat  Baltimore  four  out  of  five'.  In  1806  Baltl- 
moie  won  foiii-  .stialght  games  from  Cleveland.  In  1807  Baltimore  beat  Boston  four  gnm<^H 
to  one. 

At  Cleveland.  July  4.  1^07.  the  Brooklyn  A.  C.  and  East  End  teams  played  thirty  Innings, 
when  the  former  won  out  with  a  home  run,   the  final  score  being  4  to  1. 

Two  no-hit  games  were  played  In  1007,  Pfeffer  (Boston)  vs.  Cincinnati,  and  Maddox 
(Pittsburgh)  vs.  Brooklyn.  Since  ISSO  there  have  been  46  such  games.  2S  in  the  National,  6 
in  the  American,   16  in  the  old  American  A.ssociation,  and  1  in  the  Players'  l^eagues. 

Pitcher  Wilhelm,  Birmingham,  Southern  I.eague,  September  14,  1007.  sliut  out  Shreve- 
port  in  both  games  of  a  double-header,  and  in  fifty-nine  consecutive  innings  of  these  two 
and  other  games  not  a  hit  was  scored  on  him. 

Post  Season  Games  of  1007 — Toronto,  Eastern  League,  beat  Columbus,  American  Associa- 
tion, 4  games  to  1;  St.  Louis  Nationals  beat  St.  I.,ouis  Americans  5  games  to  2;  Boston 
Americans  beat  Boston  Nationals  6  games  to  0.  one  game  being  a  draw. 

The  first  organized  baseball  club  was  the  New  York  Knickerbockers  in  1^4.").  First  match 
game  was  played  in  Hoboken  in  1846.  First  championship  team  was  in  Nesv  York  in  1858. 
First  salaried  team,  Cincinnati,  1S68. 

Professional  National  Associa-tion  was  organized  in  1S71,  National  League  in  1870.  Amer- 
ican Association  in  ISsi  (disbanded  in  1801),  Players'  League  in  ISOO  (disbanded  in  1802),  and 
American  League  in  1S04. 

Glove  first  used  on  left  hand  by  D.  Allison,  Cincinnati,  18S6;  mask  invented  bj'  F.  W. 
Thayer,  Harvard.  ls7H. 

Ted  Sullivan's  Waco  team,  Texas  League,  in  100.1,  made  nine  home  runs  in  one  game. 

First  Baseman  Murch,  Manchester  team,  in  100(5.  and  L.  Schlafly,  Portland  (Ore.)  team, 
in  100."),  made  triple  plavs,  unassisted.  Tom  Jones.  St.  Louis,  made  22  put-outs  in  one  game 
at  Boston,  1006.  C.  Shields,  Seattle,  in  1006,  and  the  late  C.  Sweeney,  in  1884,  are  each  cred- 
ited with  striking  out  10  men  in  one  game. 

A  remarkable  12-inning  game  between  the  U.  S.  Fort  Moultrie  and  National  Amateur 
teams  was  played  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  October.  Summary:  Fort  Moultrie — 1  run,  2  hits, 
1  error.  Nationals — 0  runs,  1  hit,  0  errors.  Piel,  Nationals,  struck  out  22,  and  Musil,  Fort 
Moultrie.  20  mftn.  Musil  gave  1  base  on  balls.  The  game  was  played  in  Ihr.  10m,  and  9 
innings  in  55m. 

RECORDS  OF  THE  MINOR  LEAGUES  FOR  1907. 


Atlantic  Le.^guk 

Won.  Lost.  Pet. I  Won.  Lo«t.  Pet. 

Reading 68    44    .607  Elizabeth 56    59    .487 

Brooklvn 67    44    .604!  Pottsville 50    61    .450 

Allentown...  64  51  ..=).57!Tamaqua....  43  65  .398 
Newark 59    55    .518lEastou 43    71    .377 

American  Association. 

Won.  Lo^t.  r  (.1  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Col  ambus....  90    64    ..584  Louisville ...  77    77    .500 

Toledo 88    65    .576lriidianapoli.s.  73    80    .477 

Minneapolis.  79  73  .52oMilwnnkee...  71  83  .461 
Kansas  Citj-.  78    76    .506  St.  Paul 58    96    .377 

Eastern  League. 

Wot.  I.o«t.  Pct.l  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Toronto 83    51    .620  Newark 67    66    .504 

Buffalo 73    59    .5o3!Baltimore.. ..  68    69    .497 

Pr».vidence.  73  63  .5:^31  Rochester ...  59  76  .437 
Jersey  City..  67    66    .504i Montreal 46    85    .351 

Tri- State  League. 

Won.  L  St.  P.t.I  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Williamsp't.  86    38    .694lAltoona 61    61    .500 

Harri.sl)urg..  79  47  .627  .lohnstown  ..  46  77  .374 
Lancaster....  73  .">3  .579  Wilmiusrton.  43  79  ..^".2 
Trenton 7C    54    .5t;5,  Reading 38    87    .304 

North  Western  League. 

Won.  Lost.  Pct.f  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Aberdeen....  Kf,    51    .625  Butte 70    73    .490 

Tacoma 90    59    .604  Spokane 68    76    .472 

Seattle «3    05    .56l|Vitncouver  ..  34  106    .243 

Western  League. 

Won.  Lost.  Pct.f  Won.  Lo=t.  Pet. 

Omaha *<4    63    ..571  Denver 68    75    .475 

Lincoln 79    63    .556  Pueblo 65    74    .468 

Des  Moines.    76    63    .547iSioux  City...  56    92    .378 

Central  League. 

Won.  Lost.  Pct.l  Wor..  I,.mt.  Pet. 

Springfield..  86    49    .637ll)avton 66    71    .482 

Wheeling....  77    56    .679  IVne  Haute.  65    72    .474 

Canton 69   64    .519  Or'd  Rapids.  60    77    .4;i8 

Evansvilltt..    68   69    .497  South  Bend.  53    86    .381 


Penx.-Ohio-Maryland  League. 


Won. 
Steubenville.  69 
Fuiontowii...  64 
Zanesville...  63 
E.  Liverpool.  62 


Lo-^t.  Pet.]  Won.  Lost. 

33    .676, Washington.  45    57 

43    .598jChnrleroi 45    63 

43    ..594L'srcKeesport.  38    68 
45    .579|Braddock....  37    71 


Pet, 
.441 
.417 
.368 
.343 


Wichita 98 

Oklahoma...  86 
Hutchinson..  77 
Topeka 75 


Western  Association. 
Won.  I.o8t.  Pct.l 


Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

.721  .Toplin 72    64    .529 

.614  Webb  Citv...  66  68  .493 
.566  Springfield...  46  92  .333 
.  536  Leavenworth  27  l09    .  198 


38 
54 
59 
65 

Iowa  League. 


Won.  Lost.  Pct.l  Won.  Lost.  Prt. 

AVaterloc...  79    45    . 637  .lacksonville.  63    61    .508 

Bur:ington...  78    51    .60.5Qiiincy 61    66    .480 

Oskaloosa.  ..  70    55    .560Ottumwa 51    74    .408 

Marshallto'n.62   58   ,517  Keokuk 39   89    .305 

Southern  Michigan  League. 

Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

B.iy  City 46    47    .495 

realising 46    57    .447 

Flint 42    64    .396 


Won. 

Lost 

Pet. 

Tecumseh....  69 

42 

.622 

K:\lamazoo..  62 

47 

.569 

Battle  Creek  63 

49 

.563 

Mt.  Clemens.  51 

51 

.500 

Ea.stern- Illinois  League, 

Pct.l  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

.627  Pan  a 51    70    .421 

..59l|shell)yville..  50    69    .420 
.529iCentralia....    6    27    .131 

.5081 


W'on .  Lost 
Mattoon......  77    44 

Charleston...  71    49 

I'aris 45    40 

TayloiTille..  60    58 


Texas  State  League. 


'  Won.  Lost.  Pit. 

Austin 88    52    .629 

Vallas 84    55    .604 

San  Antonio.  82    58     586 
Houston 79    60    .568iTemple,. 


Ft.  Worth 
(ialve.ston 
Waco 


Won.  Lost.  Pet. 
..61  78  .4.39 
..59  81  .422 
..63  87  .378 
..52    87    .374 


Wisconsin  .State  Leagut,. 


Won.  Lost 

Freeport 79    41 

Wutisati 76    43 

I.a  Crosse 67    50 

Eau  Claire...  62    56 


Pct.l  Won.  Lost.  Pel* 

.658  Oshkosk 69    65    .476 

.6"»  Madison 52    ^    .441 

.573  (ireen  liav  ..48    73    .396 
.526  Fond  du  Lac.  34    82    .293 


jRasehall. 


487 


BASEBALL— Con</n«<;d. 


INDIAKA-ILL,IN018-I0WA  LKAGUK. 


Won.  Lost.  Vci. 
T{<>ck  Island.  8tf    46    .6o2 

DecHtur 80    47    .630 

Springfield...  81    50    .618 
Peoria 77    52    .597 


■\Von.  Lost, 
Cedar  Rap' s.  72    61 

LMititoii 53    78 

Blooniington  51    79 
Dubuque 22  109 


Pet. 
541 
.405 
.392 
.168 


Ohio-Penn.sylvania  Leaguk, 

Won.  Lost.  Pet.  Won. 

Voungstown.  86    62    .623  New  Gi.stle..  64 

Newark 86    53    .619  Mansfield 55 

Akron 83    53   .6I0Sharon 55 

Laucaster....  72   62    .537iMarion 48 

Nkw  England  League. 


Lost.  Pit. 
74  .463 
84  .393 
84  .396 
87    .356 


Won. 

Worcester...  76 
Lynn 61 

Brockton 59 

Haverhill...    55 


I-08t.  Pet.]  Won. 

36    .679  Fall  River...  56 

.555  Lowell 48 

.536  New  Bedford  48 
.SOOlLawreuce....  40 


49 
51 
55 


Lost, 
56 
60 
62 

74 


Pet 
.506 

.444 

.436 
.361 


Western-Penxsylvania  League. 


Won.  Lost. 
*Fairmount..  26    15 

Butler 24    15 

Scottdale  ....  25    19 


p.t. 

.634  Clarksburg.. 

.615  Greensburg.. 

.368  Coniiellsville 


Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

19    23    .452 

20    .394 

28    .349 


13 
15 


Also  won  first  se.uson  series,  .667. 
Beaver  Falls  and  Somerset  dropped  out. 

New  York  State  League. 

Won.  Lost.  Pct.i  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Albany 79    50    .613  Wilkes-Ba'e.  69    65    .515 

Hcranton 81    54    .6(tO:8yracuse 62    74    .456 

Utica 78    54    .591'Biughamt'n.  51    85   .375 

Troy. 75    56    .573  A.  J.  &  G..  ..  39    96    .289 

South  Carolina  State  League. 

Won.  I^s».  P.t.!  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Sumter 44    23    ,651  Spartanburg.  36   34    .514 

Orangeburg. .  42    25    .627  Florence 23    45    .338 

Greenville,  Anderson  and  Darlington  dropped 
out  J  uly  27th  and  Florence  was  added. 

O.  A.  K.  League. 


Won.  Lost.  Pet. 
Bartlesville..  60  48  .612 
Independ'ce  50  43  .538 
Coffevville. ..  47    43    .52"? 


Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

..49    47     .510 

..41    50     .451 

Tulsa 35    61    .363 


Muskogee 
Ft.  Smith 


rhfee  series  were  played,  above  being  the  most 
important. 

Connecticut  League. 

Won.  Lost.  Pet.;  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Holvoke 83    42    .664  Hartford  ....  66    55    .545 

Waierbiiry.  77  4^  .621  Bridgeport  ..  48  75  .390 
Springffeld.  .  72  49  .595  New  Haven.  44  80  .363 
Norwich 71    51     .582  New  London  31    93     .298 


Intkr-Statk  Lkague. 

Won.  Lost.  Pet. I  Won.  Ivist.  Pet. 

Bradford 16    12    .57l| Franklin 20    17    .541 

Erie 20    16    .560.011  City 16    22    .421 

Four   Clubs   dropped   out.      DuBols   won    first 
half  of  series  played. 

Southern    League, 

Won.  Lost.  Pet. I  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Atlanta 77    54    .588  Shreveport. .  62    68    .477 

Memphis...  73  57  .562! Birmingham  64  73  .467 
New  Orleans  68  64  .515lMentgomery  59  69  .461 
Little  Rock..  66    65    .504  Na-shville. ..    58    77    .430 

Northern  Copper  Country  League. 


Won.  Lost.  I'et.f 
Winnipeg....  70  27  .722 
Duluth 49    53    .480 


Won.  Lost.  Pet. 
Houghton. ..  47  55  .461 
Calumet.  ...  34    65    .343 


Cotton  States  League. 


Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Mobile 82    52    .612 

Vicksburg...  77    57    .575 
Jackson 71    62    .533 


Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Gulf  port. 68    67    .504 

Meridian 66    72    .478 

Columbus 42   96   .304 


Hudson  River  League. 


Won.  Lost.  Pet. 
Poughk'psie.  17  8  .680 
Newburgh...  13   11    .542 


Won.  Lost.  Pit. 

Yonkers )2    11    .522 

Hudson 11    12   .478 


South  Atlantic  League. 

Won.  Lost.  Pet.]  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

Charleston..  75    46    .620  Augusta 59    61    .492 

Jacksonv'le.  68    51    .571  Savannah...  56   63    .471 
Macon 68   54    .557  Columbia 36    87    .293 


ViEGiNiA  State  League. 


Won. 

Norfolk 67 

Danville 67 

Lynchburg...  65 


Lost.  Pet. 
48  .583 
58    .536 


Richmond. 
Roanoke 


Won.  Lost.  Pet. 
62  62  .500 
62    62    .600 


62   .512;Portsmouth.  46   77    .374 


Empire  State  League. 

Won.  Lost.  Pet.]  Won.  Lost   Pet. 

Oswego 55    29    .655!Fulton 43    42    .506 

Seneca  Falls.  56    32    .686Geueva 34    51    .400 

Auburn 44    39    .530- Lyons 26    64   .281 

Pacific  Co.4st  League. 


Won.  Lost, 
Los  Angeles  114    76 
San  Fran...  104    99 


Pet. I  Won.  Lost.  Pet. 

.603'Oakland....  97    lol    .489 
.512  Portland....  73    113    .392 


Gulf  Coast  League. 

Alexandria  won  the  first  series  of  the  sea.son 
and  Lake  Cliarles  the  second.  In  the  playoflF 
Lake  Charles  won  five  out  of  seven. 


AMERICAN  LEAGUE  CLUB  BATTING. 


Clubs. 


Detroit 

Philadelphia 
St.  Louis  . . . . 
New  York.. 


a 

B3 

CQ 

W 

S 

15 ;  .Slag 

693 

1;183 

.266 

l.Vi  500S 

682 

1V80 

.256 

1.^5  5-.  20 

542  1.328 

.254 

152 

5051 

605 

1263 

.•-'50 

Clubs. 


Washington 
Cleveland  . . 
Chicigo. ... , 
Boston 


6 

CQ 

a, 

« 

1.S4 

< 

5098 

506 

12.39 

158 

5078 

-.29 

1224 

157 

5097 

588 

lv'18 

1.55 

5242 

464 

12.3n 

243 
•-'41 
239 
2:^5 


LEADING  BATSMEN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LEAGUE  SINCE  1900. 


Yk>r.  Name  and  Club.  Per  Cent. 

19(X»-Ganzel,  KansasCity 391 

1901-Laioie,  Philadelphia 422 

1902— Dclehantv,  Washingtou 376 

1903-  Farrell,  Boston.,.., ,,, 404 


I  Yfak.  Name  aud  Club.  Per  C<nt. 

;  lf>04— I^joie,  Cleveland 381 

3905— Lajoie.  Clt-veland 320 

1906— Stone,  St. Louis 358 

3,907-Cobb,  Detroit.., ,...    .360 


488 


BasehalL 


BASEBALL— CoH<mu<-rf. 


■  il-VK 


-UJuaj.  'Bwi.1 


FOLLOWING    AUE   THE   OFFICIAL   BATTIXG    AVEUAGES   OF   THE    AMERICAN    LEAOUF.    T'LAYERS   WHO 
PABTICIPATEI)  IN  FIFTEEN  OH  MOKE  CHAMPIONSHIP  GAMES  FOU  THE  SEASON  OF  1907, 


'■a  mH».'yjp.^"r'' *v<'"  *''u  i    n 


PliAYKRS   AND    ClUBS, 


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Cobl),  Detrait..   

Kay,  ■\V..8hington 

Oit'h,  New  Yorli 

Crawfiird.  Detroit 

Stone,  St.  Louis 

Killian,  Detroit 

Clymer,  Washington 

Fl'ck,  Clevelanl ,. 

Nicb"|!s,  Philadelphia  .. 

Laj'iie,  Cleveland 

Nile"!,  St.  Louis 

Andrrsoii,  Washington.. 

Chase,  New  York 

Oldring,  Philadelphia... 

Mdnlyre,  Detroit 

McFarlaiid,  Chi. -ago 

Coiisilton,  B'lstoii 

H.ilsel.  I'hilad  Iphia.  . 
Coll  n-,  Philadrlpiiia. ... 

Milan,  Washington 

Del  hauty.  Washington. 

Kossmat),   Detroit 

Moriarty,  New  York 

Lister,  Cleveland 

PifUering,  .St.  Louig 

Ganl -y,  \Vashi:igtun 

Parent,  Bosti>ii 

Hickmai,  Washington.. 
Jones.  Detroit.   ...     .... 

Schreck,  Philadelphia... 
Seybold,  Philadelphia.. . 
Murphy,  Phila.iclphia. .. 
Elbe: f. Id,  New  York.... 

Ha  t,  Chicago 

Willi. ,ms,  Neiv  York  .... 

Laportf,  New  York 

Dougherty,  Chicago 

Altizer,  Washington 

Clarke,  Cleveland 

Davis,  I'hilalelphia 

Djiiovau,  Detroit 

Jones,  \Vashin:^toii 

Spencer,  St.  Louis 

Klei  now.  New  York 

.Tones,  Chicago 

Don 'hue,  Chicago     

Heini'hill,  .St.  Louis 

Schaefer,  Detroit.... 

Wallace,  St.  !.,oiits. . .',.., 
Wirner,  Washington  ... 

Hahu,  Chicago    

Ungl.iub,  Boston. ...'   ... 

Hoffman,  New  York 

Jones,  .St.  Louis 

Btmis,  Cleveland 

Owen,  Chicago 

Sullivan,  Boston 

Schmidt,  Detroit 

Coujhlin,  Detroit 

Isbell,  Chicago 

Barrett,  Boston 

Lowl-,  Detroit 

Turner,  Cleveland 

Ferris.  B vstoii 

O'Learv,  Detroit.. .     ... 

Tannehill,  Chicago 

Yeager,  St.  Loiiiii 

Da  vi  3,  Chicago 

Hu.'hes,  Washin){ton.. .. 

Howell,  St.  Louis 

Stovall,  Cleveland. 

Flartzell,  St.  LouJB 

B^nninsrhani,  Clereland  . 

Coiiroy,  New  York 

Keeler,  New  York 

Bender,  Philalelphla  ... 

Mil,  Cleveliud 

Graham,  Washington 

Welday,  Ch;.-,a^ 

H'nchman.  Cleveiaiid... 

Kits,  n,  Nev  York 

Blaiikensbii',Washingtou 
Bral.ey,  Cleveland 


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Winters,  Boston 

White,  Chicago 

ButUr,  St.  LoiiU 

Downs,  Detroit 

lloev,  Boston 

-Muliin,  Detroit 

Young,  B040U 

H.Hiuchman,  Cleveland 

Knight,  Boston 

Kobe,  Chicago 

W.iguer,  Boston 

Uell,  New  York ..... 

Plank,  Philadelphia  .... 

O'Brien,  (Cleveland 

Cl.esbro,  New  Y(  rk 

Mo  r-,  New  York 

Cross,  I'liiladelphia 

(il.<ide,  St.  Louis 

Pall,  New  York 

Gehring,  Washingtop  .. . 

Glim- haw,  Boston 

Tlieilman,  Cleveland. . . . 

."ilepheus,  St,  Louis 

Cross,  Washington 

hijike,  M'ashiugton 

Smith,  Chicago 

Tannehill,  Bu.ston  .. . ... 

Thomas,  New  Y'ork 

Shaw,  Bo-^ion 

Quillin,  Ch'cago 

Kalioe,  Washington 

Harris,  B  'St'ni 

Smith,  Washington 

lilioades,  Cleveland 

llaydtu,  Wasliinglou,... 
Pone: 8,  I'hilad.  Iphia  . . . 

Lord,  Pliiladelphia 

Kic'r.ey,    New  York..... 

Brocket!,  New  Y'oik 

Crixer,  Bo.sioa  ...   ..... 

Altrocl;,  Chicago..   ,... 

(ila/.f,  Boston..  

Sullivan,  Ch  cago 

Bay,  CieveL.nd 

B.-rg'T,  Cle\  eUud 

F.  Delehauty,  Cleveland 

Mbf;..-,  New  York 

Perrine,  'WasLinijton. . . . 

Din-jeu,  St.  Louis 

Pelty.St.  Louis 

Coombs,  Pliilailelphia.. . 

Payne,  Derolt 

Wal-h,  Chi  ago  

Liel'hart,  Cleveland 

O'Connor,  St.  Louis 

Pruitt,  B  ston 

Seii  ers,  Detr.  it 

Viike;8,  Philadelphia... 

Buelow,  St.  Louis 

Smith,  \Vashingt on.  .... 
Falken!  eg,  Washington 

Block,  Wa.-.hingtou 

Doyle,  New  York 

He^s,  Cleveland 

WakeMe'd,  Cleveland... 
Schlafly,  Wa>ih  ngton  ... 

Powell,  St.  Louis 

Ilubanlis,  Detroit 

Dygert,  Philadelphia..  . 
Patien,  Wa.-^hiugton, . .. 
Waddell,  Pi  iladeliihia.. 

-Archer,  Detroit 

.loss,  Cievelanil 

Johnson,  ^Vashillgton. . 

Newton,  New  Yorlt 

Oberlln,  Wa.shington.... 

Patterson,  Chicago 

Annhruster,   Boston 

Bariley,  Philadelphia  . . 

CTarkson,  C  eveland 

Morgan,  Boston " . 

Koefe,  Mew  York 


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baseball- — OoyUimied, 


489 


OFFICIAL  BATTING  AVEEAGES  OF  NATIONAL  LEAGUE  PLAYEKS  WHO  PAItTICIPATEU  IN  FIFTEEN  OR  MOBB 

CHAMPIONSUIP  GAMES  DURING  TUE  SEA^X  OF  1907. 


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Tinker,  Chicago 

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.229 
.298 
.!.97 
.227 
.284 
.222 

Mitchell,  Cincinnati 

20'   ooi 

Wolter,Cin.,Pitts.&  St.L. 

Clarke,  Piltsburgh 

M  Le m,  Cincinnati 

Stehulte,  Chicago 

Kling,  Ciiicijo 

Lynch,  PitUsburgh  &  N. Y. 
Paskert,  Cincinnati. . ,,.. 

Gibson,    Pittslpjrgh..i,.. 

McCarthy,  Brooklyn 

IBridwell,  B' ston i.. 

Mclntire,    Brooklyn 

Brown,  CSt.L.A  Phila. 
Jacklitsih,  Philadelpliia 
Overall,  <  hicngo 

2 
4 
17 
0 
0 
7 
0 
1 

.220 
.220 
.218 
.217 
.215 
.213 
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Br^in,  Boston. ....,,•.... 

Phelps,.  Piltsbur-ih 

Dooii),  Pniladelphia 

Uandall,  Ci.ic.  &  Bosttrn.. 
Beckley,  St.  Loni.s 

Ilia 

Hoffman,  Boston 

Devlin,  New  York „. 

Osb  rn,  Philadelphia 

TItMS,  Philadelphia, . . . . . 

Jordau,  Brooklyn 

Sheehan,  Pittsburgh 

Tenney,  Boston 

10  .JH 
6 .211 

0    209 

Dahlen,  New  York 

Anderson,  Pittsburgh,,   . 

Pastorius,   l?rooklyn 

Doo!an,    Philadelphia.,.. 

Hitter,  Brooklvn 

Marshnll,    St.  Louis...   ,. 

McGlynn,  St.  Lonls 

Swacina,  Pittsburgh 

Needham,   Boston 

Weimer,  Cincinnati 

Brown,  S.,  Boston 

Flahertv,  Boston 

11  1207 

27  .206 

0  .205 

18    <)ni 

Schlei,  Cincinnati 

CKlwell,  Cincinnati..   .... 

Hofman,  A.,  Chicago  .... 

Sheckard,  Chicago 

Lumley,  IBr.>okl vn 

Steinftfldt,  Chicaso 

Shannon,  New  York 

Corcoran,  Ne\v  York...,. 

5 
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.203 
.202 
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.200 
.196 
.194 
.192 

191 

Scanlan,  Brooklvn 

Smitli,  H.,  Pittsburgh... 
Abbaticchio,  Pittsburgh. 

Murray,  St.  Louis 

Browne,  G.,  New  York  . . 
Bites,  Boston 

Taylor,  J.,  Chicago 

Shft V,  New  York ......... 

.191 

190 

Kelly,  St.  Louis .... 

Mathewson,  New  York... 
fhillipje,   Pittsburgh.,.. 

Masi'n,  Cincinnati 

Fromme,  St.  Louis 

Karger,  St.  Louis 

Hitt,  Cincinnati  ,,. 

.188 

.187 

.186 

182 

Bon-erm.in,  New  York.... 

Doyle,  N^w  York 

Slagle,  Chicago 

.188 
.179 
,179 

170 

Stork>-,  Pittsburgh 

Nealon,  Pittsburgh 

Byrne,  St,  Louis 

Burkp,  Boston . 

SIcGinnJty,  New  York.. . . 

Reulbach,   Chicago 

Ames,  New  York 

47 
27 
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Mi 

Knaiie,  Phila.lelphia. 

Bnrch,  St.  Louis  li  B'klyn 

Merkle,  New  York 

Ganzel,  C'ncnnati 

Howard,  Boston  &  Ch'c. 
Sweenev,  Chic.  &  B  ist  n. 
Lu'-h,  Ph:la.  &  St.  I.ouio. 
Bresnahan,  New  York  . . . 
Mowrey,  Cincinnati.   ... 

Strang,  New  York 

Konetchy,  St.  Louis 

E vers,  Chicago. .,...,,,. 

181.255 
12    255 

Corridon,  Philadelphia.. 
Young,  Boston.,..,. .,',.. 

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Richie,  Philadelphia 

Bergen,  Brooklyn. 

Kuckei-,  Brooklyn 

Ewing,  Cincinnati 

Brown,  M.,  Chicago 

Leaver,   Pittsburgh 

Stricklelt,   Brooklyn 

Leifieia,  Pittsburgh 

GJeason,  I'hiladelphi.a... 
Pitten^er,  Philade  phia.. 

Willis.   Pittsburgh 

Hopkins,  St,  Louis 

Wiltse,  New  York 

Boitltes,  Boston 

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30  .246 

6  .243 
11  .243 
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2    136 

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Lewis,  Brooklyn 

2  .136 
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0    132 

Kane,  Cincinnati     

Dorner,  Bo.<ton 

0    130 

Hostetter.  St     Louis 

B-ebe.  St.  Louis ... 

ft;    10(3 

Batch,  Broo'.ilyn 

Lobert,  Cincinnati 

Courtney.  Ptiilad-lpliia. . 
Thomas,  Philailelpliia.... 

Grant,  Plijladelpliia 

Birnett,  St.  Louis 

Butler,  Brooklyn 

Taylor,  L.,  New  York 

Lln,daman,  Boston 

Smith,  F.,  Cincinnati 

Lnndgren,  Chicago 

Bell,  Brooklyn 

0 
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Coakley.  Cincinnati 

Fraser,  Chicago ,,,.. 

Bransfield,  Philadelphia. 
Cas-T,  Brei<klyn...i 

Ferguson,  New  York 

Camnitz,  Pittsburgh 

Sparks,  Philadelphia 

Holly,  St.  Louis 

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JFootljalL 


The  football  season  of  1907,  while  the  mogt  successful  ever  known  In  point  of  at- 
tendance and  general  results,  also  showed  many  great  surprises  in  'the  strength  developed 
by  teams  heretofore  classed  as  minor  elervens.  Nearly  alJ  the  important  teams  were  either 
defeated  or  suffered  form  reversals  in  playing  strength.  Yale,  in  the  East,  Chiea;,o,  in 
the  West,  and  Vanderbilt,  in  the  South,  seem  to  have  the  best  claim  for  championship 
honors.  The  results  in  all  important  games  follow,  the  first  column  of  figures  being  the 
score  of  the  colleges  whose  names  lead  in  each  series: 


RECORDS  OF  EASTERN  COLLEGES  FOR  1907. 


YALK. 

"Weslej'aii 25- 

Syi-acuse 11- 

Spriiigfield 18- 

Holv  Cross 52- 

West  Point 0- 

Villti  Nova 45- 

W.    &  J 11- 

Brown 22- 

Priucetoii 12- 

Harvard 12- 

PENKSYLVAXIA. 

North  Carolina.  ...37- 

VillaNova 16- 

Bucknell 29- 

F.  &  ]St 57- 

(Jettysbarg 2;i- 

,S\viiflhniore 16 

llrowu 11- 

(^iirlisle 6- 

Lufiivette 15- 

Penii.  State 28- 

MichlKHii 6- 

Coruell 12- 

PRIN'CETOV. 

Stevens 47- 

Wesieyan 53- 

Biickuell 52- 

Villa  Nova 45 

W.    &  .1 40 

CoriH'll 5 

Carlisle 16- 

Ainlierst 14- 

Yale 10- 

SWAKTHMORE. 

Rutgers .29- 

reiiiisylvaniii 8 

Geo.  Wu.shiiigtuii..30 

Gettvsl)urg 12 

Villa  XovH 18- 

Annapolis 18 

Cornell 0- 

Buokiiell 35- 

WE.ST  POINT. 

F.  &  M.. 23 

Trinity  12 

Yale 0 

Rochester 30 

Colgate 6 

Corne.l 10 

Tufts 21 

Syracuse 23 

Navy 0 

BROWN . 

New  Hainpsiiire  ..16 

Mass.  Aiigies 5 

Noruicli 24 

Maine 41 

Peiinsvlvania 0 

.  WiUlahis 24 

Harvard 5 

Yale 0 

Vermont 34 

Amherst 18 


CARLISLE. 

Lebanon 40- 

VillaNova 10- 

susquehanna 91- 

Penn.  State 18- 

Syracnse 14- 

Bucknell 15- 

Pennsyl  vania 26- 

Priuceton 0- 

Harvard 2:^- 

Minnesoia 12- 

Chicago 18- 

BUCKNELL. 

-Mansfield 15- 

Getiysburg 5- 

Pennsylvania 2- 

Piinceton 0- 

Carlisle 0- 

Westeni  U.  P 0- 

Sj'racuse 6- 

Lafayetle 0- 

Dickinson 48- 

Swartlimore 4- 

VV.  &L 2- 

LAFAYETTK 

Wj-oming 22- 

IJrsinus 21 

Hamilton 43- 

<;olgate 21- 

Anuapolis 0- 

E'ennsvlvania 0- 

Bucknell 34- 

Syracuse 4- 

Lehigh 22- 

Jtickinsou 31- 

HARVARD. 

Bowdoin 5- 

I  Maine 30 

Bates 33 

Williams 18- 

Annapolis 6- 

Springfield 9 

Brown 6 

[Carlisle 15 

Darthraouth 0 

Yale 0 


-  0 
-29 
-52 
15 
-12 
■20 
■34 

-  0 
-35 

-  0 


-  0 

-  Oi 
-4 

-  0 

-  0 
-5 

-  5 
-23 
22 
12 


ANNAPOLIS. 

St.  Johns 26-  0 

Dickinson 15—  0 

Marylan<l  A.  C....12—  0 

Vanderbilt 6-6 

Harvard 0  -  6 

Lafayette 17—  0 

West  Va 6-0 

Swarllimore 0-18 

St.  Johns 12-0 

Penn.JState 6—  4 

Virginia  Polv 12-  0 

West  Point 6-0 

DARTMOfTH. 

Norwich 12—  0 

Vermont 0-0 

Tufts 6-  0 

I  New  Hampshire.  .10—  0 

'  Mass.  Aggies 6—  0 

Maine 27—  0 

Amherst 15— Itt 

HoIyCro.ss 52—  0 

Harvard 22—0 


VILLA  NOVA. 

Carlisle 0-10 

Pennsylvania 0—16 

Princeton 5—45 

Yale 0-45 

Swarthmore 10—18 

Fordham 15—11 


-  6 


CORNELL. 

Hamilton 23-  0 

Oberlin 22— 5j 

Niagara 47—  0 

J,   Colgate 18-0 

4  iPenn.  state 6-  8 

Princeton 6—5 

Western  Penn 18—  5 

West  Point 14-10 

Swarthmore 18-  0 

Pennsylvania 4—12 


-0 

-  0 

-  0 

-  0 

11 
11 

-  6 

-22 

-"o 


COLGATE. 

Union 0- 

ICornell 0- 

'Lafayette 9- 

!  West  Point 0- 

IHamilton 20- 


•0 

18 

21 

6 

0 

—  0))Wesleyan 9—0, 


SYRACUSE. 

Hobart 28- 

Uochester 41- 

Yale 0- 

Carlisle 6- 

Williams 9- 

Hamilton 22- 

Buckiiell 20- 

Lafayette 4- 

West  Point 4- 

PENN.    STATE 

Geneva 35- 

Annapolis 4- 

W.  IJ.  of  P 0- 

Altooua 27- 

Carlisle 5- 

Grove  C"ity 40- 

Cornell 8- 

Lebanon  V'aliey...75- 

Dickinson 52- 

Peunsylvania 0- 

LEHIGH. 

Mnlilenberg 29- 

Jeflerson  Meds....34- 

Rutgers 16- 

Medico-Cbi 22- 

Dickinson 6 

Haverford 4- 

N.  Y.  University.. 34 

Ursinus 27- 

Lafayette 5- 

Carnegie  Tech 21- 


-  0 

-  6 
11 
14 

■  0 

-  0 
-6 

-  4 
-23 


■  0 
-6 

-6j 
-0 
18' 

-  «! 
-6, 

-  0| 

-  oi 

-28 


-  0 
■  0 

-» 

-  0 
-6 
12 

-  0 

-22 


Vanderbilt. 

Annapolis 6-  6 

Kose  I'ecb 65-10 

Micliigan 0-8 

Georgia  Tech 54  -  0 

sewawee 17    12 

trinity. 
Worcester  Poly  . .  .26—  0 

West  Point 0    12 

.A.inherst 0-11 

Weslevaii 5-0 

C.  C.  N.  Y 94     0 

Stevens 29  -  6 

Union 46  -  5 

Haverford 23  -  0 

VERMONT. 

Dartmouth 0-0 

Wesleyan 10—  6 

Norwich 11-11 

Hol.vCross 6  -  0 

Williams 5-17 

N.  H.  State 35-  0 

Brown 0-34 

MASS.    AGOIES. 

Williams 4-5 

Brown 0—5 

Dartmouth 0-6 

Rhode  Island 11-0 

Holy  Cross 10—  5 

Worcester  Tech , .  .29—  0 

Amherst 0—  0 

Tufts 19-10 

Springlield  T.  S. ..  5  -  0 

HAVERFORD. 

Medico-Chi 34-  0 

Delaware 12-  0 

N.   Y.  U 22-0 

Ursinus 6-0 

Lehigh 12-  4 

Rutgers 6-6 

F.  &M 0-4 

Trinity 0-23 

AMHERST. 

Springfield 5—  0 

Bowdoin 17—  0 

Trinity 11     0 

Dartmouth 10-15 

Mass.  Aijgies 0  -  0 

Princeton 0-14 

Williams 6-26 

Brown 0—18 

WILLIAMS. 

JNfass.  Aggies 5—4 

Hoi  v  Cross.... 12-  0 

^[id"dL•burg 38-  0 

Harvard 0-18 

Syracuse 0—  9 

Brown 11—34 

Vermont 17—  5 

Wesleyan 18—  9 

Amherst 36—  • 


/Sq  Hash. 


491 


0 


RECORDS   FOR  LEADING   WESTERN   COLLEGES   FOR   1907. 

CHICAGO.  ,  INDIANA. 

Indiana    27--f>De    Pauw 35—9 

jllinols    42—  6  Chicagro    6—27 

Minnesota    18— 12  Notre  Dame 0 —  0 

Purdue   5<*)—  0  Wisconsin    8—11 

Carlisle    4— 18  Illinois    6-10 


ILLINOIS.  i  WISCONSIN. 

Freshmen    17— 10  Illinois    4 — 15 

Chicago    6 — 42  Iowa   6 —  5 

Wisconsin    15 —  4  Indiana    11 —  8 


MICHIG.\N. 
Case    !>— 


MINxNTESOTA. 
\nics    8—  0 


Mich.     Ap:gles...45 —  0  Nebraska    8—5 


Wabasih    22 

Ohio   State 22— 

VanderWlt    8— 

Pennsylvania....  0 — 

IOWA, 


0  Chicago    12—18 

0  Carlisle    10—12 

0  Wisconsin    17 — 17 

6: 

OHIO   STATE. 


I'urdue    21 —  4  I'urduc 


.12 


Alumni 

Missouri    21  — 

Dra  ke 


J)—  OOLterbein    i: 


0 


61  Muskingum     .  .  .  .16 —  0 
4  Wooster    6—  0 


Iowa    12- 25  Minnesota    17 — 17 

Frcslinicn    30—12 

Indiana    10—  6 


6iWisconsin   6—  5  Michigan   0-22 


WABASH. 

Rose  Poly 27  - 

Earlham    ....... o5~ 

Purdue    2 — 

Michi^:m    .... 
St.    Louis   U.. 


MIS.SOURI. 
0 Central  College.. .'<y 
0  Warreuburg      ...:js 
0  Iowa    H- 


Illinois    25-12 

Ames    14—20 


ST.    LOUIS 

Rnlla     12- 

Cape    Girardeau..'>8    - 
A  rkansas     ......  42 — 

Creighton    40 — 


0-22  W.    Jewell 47—0 

12-llTeax    5—4 

Tarkio    ".  .  ..70-  0 

Washington    U..27—  0 
Kansa.s    0 —  4 

UNIVERSITY. 

0  Washington    78—0 

01  Wabash    U— 12 

6  Kansa.s    17 —  0 

4 


KANSAS. 

0  W.   .Jewell .3.'?- 

-  6jOk.'ahotna    1."  - 

-21  VVashburr.    5 


Kenvon    12 —  0 

Obcrlin    22-10 

Case    »— 11 

Ohio    Wes 16—  0 

Heidelberg    23—  0 

PURDUE. 

Wabash    0—  2 

Ojlllinois    4-21 

12|Chio;igo    0—36 


0 


OjNebraska    3-'- 


Nebrjuska    G — 16|Wisconsin    6 --12 

St.  Louis  U 0—17  Notre   Dame 0—17 

Missouri    4 —  0 


NEBRASKA. 

Peru   Normal 5."?  —  0  Ames    10—9 

South    Dakota.  ..MO  —  0  Ivansas     16—^6 

Grinnell    .30—  4  Denver    62—0 

Minnesota    5 —  SDoano    85 —  0 

Colorado    22—  8iSt.  Louis  U 4—34 


INTERCOLLEGIATE    RECORDS. 
YALE— HARVARD. 


Tr.      Won  by.       Score 

1883— Yale    23— 

1884— Yale    .52— 

InSO-  Yale    20— 

1S87- Yale    17— 

1S8S  -H.  (forfeited). 


lYr. 


Won  by. 
2  1880— Yal«     ... 
0  1890- -Harvard. 


Score. 


.  6— 
.12— 
.10— 


!S<)1— Yale  . 

1802— YHle  6 

1^03— Yale  6— 

1894— Yale  12— 


Yr. 

i.V)7. 

1 8!)S 
1S90 

1.(00— Yale  ..  ..2s  — 
1001— Harvard. .  .22— 
1902-  Yale    23— 


Jioore. 


Won  by.       Seon\fYr.      Won  by. 

Tic     0—  011003-  Yale    16— 

Harvaid.  ..17—  0|1904— Yale    12— 

Tie    0—  0  V.105— Yale    8— 


1906— Yale    6 

irK)7— Yale    12— 


1 8.83— Ya  le    6—01 890- 

jSS!-*VaIe    6—  4  1S91- 

1S8.5 — Princeton..  6—  5  1892- 

lS8f,— *Tale    4—0  1893- 

1887— Yale    12—  0  1894- 

IsSS  -  Yale    10—  0  1895- 

1889— Princeton.. 10—  0  1896- 


♦Unfinished  games. 


YALE- 

-Yale    .32- 

-Yale    19- 

-Yale    12- 

-Princeton..  6- 

-Yale    24- 

-Yale    20- 

-Princeton..24- 


-PRINCETON. 

-  0  1897— Yale    6-0  1904— Yale    12—  0 

-  0  1898— Princeton..  6—  0  1905— Yale    23  -  4 

-  0  1899— Princeton.. 11— 10  1906 — Tie    0-0 

-  0  1900— Yale    29—  5;  1907— Yale    12—10 

-  0  1901— Yale    12—  0 

- 10  1902— Yale    12—  5 

-  6  1903— Princeton..  11—  6 


18S6— Harvard. 
1887— Harvard. 
1S88— Har'-ard. 
1889  -Harvard. 
1893— Harvard. 


.28  — 
.42— 
.2S- 
.A.)  - 
.26— 


0|1894- 
0  1895- 
0  1S96- 
0  1897 - 
4  189S- 


HARVARD— PENNSYLVANIA. 

-Penn 18—  4  1S99— Harvarl.  ..16— 

-Penn 17-  14  1900— Harvard.  ..17— 

-Penn 8—  6  l')01— Harvard.  ..33— 

-Penn 1.5—  6  1902— Harvard.  ..11—  0 

-Harvard.  ..10—  0  1903— Harvard.  ..17  -  0 


0  1904— Penn 11—0 

5  1905— Penn 12—  6 

6  1906— No  game. 
1907 — No  game. 


1893- 
1894- 
1895- 
1896- 

1890- 

1891 

1892- 

1893- 

1899- 

1900- 

1901- 


Penn. 
-Penn. 

Penn. 
-Penn. 

-Navy 
-Army 
--Navy 
-Navy 
-Army 
-Navy 
-Army 


PENNSYLVANIA— CORNELL. 

.50—  OflS97— Penn 4-  0  1901— Cornell    .  ..24—  6fl905— Penn. 

.   6—  OUSOS— Penn 12—  0  1902- Penn 12— ll'ltWO— Tie    .. 

.46—  2  I.S99— Penn 26-  0  1903— Penn 36—  0  1907— Penn. 

.32— 101900— Penn 27—  0  1904-Penn 34—0' 


ARMY -NAVY. 

. .  .24—  0  1902  -Army    22— 

...32— 16  1903— Army    40— 

...12—  4  1904— Army  ..11— 

. . .   6—4  1905— Tie    6— 

. . .  17—  5  1906— Navy     10— 

...11—  7  1907— Navy    6  — 

...11—  5 


CHICAGO— MICHIGAN. 


8  1892- Michigan. 

5  1893— Chicago. . 
0  1894— Michigan. 

6  1895— Michigan. 
0  1896— Chicago.. 
0,1897— Chicago. 


1898— Michigan. 


18— 101  liXK)— 'Chicago. . 
10—  4  1901— Michigan. 

6—  4  1902  -Michigan. 
12—  0  1903— Michigan. 

7—  6  1904— Michigan. 
21—12  1905— Chicago. . 
,12— 11  1906-7— No  games. 


6— 

5 

0— 

0 

12— 

4 

1.5— 

6 

22— 

0 

21  — 

0 

28- 

0 

22— 

12 

2— 

0 

<^quaf)iti. 


The  annual  tnurnanient  for  the  American  championship  wa.<^  held  at  Tuxedo  Tark, 
N. 'Y..  under  the  auspices  of  the  Tuxedo  Tennis  and  Racquet  Club,  November  28-.30,  and 
Reginald  Finck.  New  York  T.  and  R.  Club,  won  by  defa-nlt  from  Pierre  Lorillard.  Jr. 
Mr.  Finck  ."secured  permanent  possessioa  of  the  trophy,  having  wvn  the  tournaments  of 
1905  and  19n().  Farmer  winners  were:  1900.  Eustace  H,  Miles;  1901,  Willianj  Post;  1902 
and  1903,  George  I,  Scott;  1904,  W.  P.   Blagden. 


492  Cross  Country  and  Marathons. 

*'         — ■ — — . —  - 

Great  activity  with  reraarliable  speed  trials  and  ocean  races  which  gave  a  thorough 
test  of  the  seaworthy  qualities  of  motor  boats  marked  the  season  of  1907.  The  races  at 
Palm  Beach  early  in  the  year,  followed  by  the  success  of  the  Dixie  abroad,  the  Monaco 
events,  and  the  Marblehead  and  Bermuda  races,  closing  with  the  contests- of  the  Motor 
Boat  Club  of  America  on  the  Hudson,  were  among  the  features.     Principal  events  follow: 

AMERICAN  RECORDS., 

Palm  Beach,  Fla.,  January,  1907 — Dixie,  owner.  Com.  E.  J.  Schroeder,  Jersey  City. 
N.  J.  Mile,  2.21  (mean  average  time  in  six  trials),  equals  25.532  nautical  miles  and  29.:;96 
statute   miles. 

New  York-Bermuda,  Ocean  Race,  June  9-11 — Winner,  Ailsa  Craig;  owner,  Jamex  Oraig, 
New  York.  Distance,  approximately,  070  nautical  miles.  Time,  2d.  17h.  -lltm.  Idaho, 
Peter  Shields,   2d.   18h,  6m. 

New  York  to  Albany,  July  5 — Standard;  owner.  Price  McKinncy,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
Time,    5h.    2om.    5oS. 

New  York  to  Marblehead,  July  20-2J — Ocean  race  for  cruising  boats  30  to  40  feet.  Won 
by  Picaroon.  Owner,  T.  B.  Baylies,  New  Bedford,  Mass.  Distance,  approximately,  270 
nautical  miles.     Lapsed  time,  32h.  57m.   10s.     (Won  on  time  allowance.) 

American  Power  Boat  Association,  August  14-15— Gold  Challengo  Cup.  Winner,  Chip 
II.     Owner,   Jonathan  Wainwright,  Overbrook,   Pa. 

MOTOR  BOAT  CLUB  OF  AMERICA. 

Motor  Boat  Club  of  America,  Hudson  River,  New  York,  September  23-28— Nautical  mile 
championship,  flying  start.  Won  by  Den,  J.  H.  Hoadley,  New  York.  Average,  six  trials. 
25.622  nautical  or  29.504  statute  miles.  Free  for  All  Championship— Won  by  Skedaddle. 
Owner.  Hartwis  N.  Baruch,  New  York.  Long  Distance  High  Speed  Championship.  New 
York  to  Poughkeepsie  and  return — Winner,  Skedaddle;  owner.  Hartwig  N.  Baruch,  New 
York.  Distance,  116.3  nautical  miles.  Elapsed  time,  5h.  7m.  23s.  International  Champion- 
ship. SO  Miles — Won  by  Irene.  Owner.  J.  F.  Anderson,  Philadelphia.  Time,  Ih.  15m:  07s. 
National  Championship,  .30  Miles— Won  by  Skedaddle.  Owner,  Hartwig  N.  Baruch,  New 
York.  Time.  Ih.  13m.  22s.  Interstate  Championship,  30  Miles— Won  by  Sparrow.  Owner, 
Charles  J.  Swain.  Philadelphia.  Time.  Ih.  35m.  429.  Irene,  J.  F.  Anderson,  in  six  trial* 
on  the  Hudson  River,  under  admiralty  conditions,  covered  a  mile  in  25.597  nautical  or 
29.4753  statute  miles — an  American  record. 

FOREIGN    RECORDS. 

Monaco,  April- 50  kilometers  (about  31  miles),  Mais-Jevais-Piquer.  17-foot  class,  Ih. 
38m.  34s.;  La  Lorraine,  40-foot  class,  Ih.  14m.  21s.,  or  27  statute  miles  per  hour.  200  kilo- 
meters (124.22  miles)— Panhard-Tellier,  3h.  33m.  04s.,  or  34.77  miles  average.  Mile,  standing 
start,   Panhard-Tellier,   2m.   09  3-5s. ;   flying  kilometer,    Im.    lOs. 

Southampton,  England,  August  2— Harmsworth  International  Championship  Cup.  Won 
by  Dixie,  Com.  E.  J.  Schroeder,  Jeraey  City,  N.  J.  35  miles  in  Ih.  15m.  44  3-5s.,  or  2<.<8 
miles  per  hour  for  sustained  speed.     Daimler  II.,  second,  Ih.  17m.  25  3-5s. 


Illinois  A.  C,  Marathon,  25  miles,  at  Chicago,  September  21.  was  won  by  Alex  Thibeau 
In  3.00.10.  Toronto  Marathon,  20  miles,  October  12,  was  won  by  Thomas  Longboat  in 
1.41.40.  Montreal  Marathon,  15  miles,  November  9,  was  won  by  Longboat  in  1. 20.55. 
Milwaukee  to  Chicago,  100-mile  run,  October  24,  was  won  by  Albert  Corey,  First  Regt. 
A.  C,  in  18.33.00,  breaking  the  old  record  by  nearly  one  and  one-half  houi-s.  James 
Reynolds  walked,   without  sleep,  120  miles  at  Toronto,  October  22-23,  in  3Gh.  20m. 

New  York  Marathon  Run.  This  first  annual  event  was  held  at  Yonkers,  Thanksgiving 
Day  (November  28),  and  John  J.  Hayes,  of  the  St.  Bartholomew  A.  C,  won,  covering 
the  25-mile  course  in  2.44.45.  There  were  forty-two  starters,  and  nineteen  finished,  the 
first  six  and  their  times  being  as  follows:  John  J.  Hayes.  St.  Bartholomew  A.  C. 
2.44.45;  Fred  Lorz,  Mohawk  A.  C.  2.07.00;  A.  L.  Corey.  First  Regt.  A.  C.  Chicago, 
2..58.25;  M.  J.  Rvan,  St.  Bartholomew  A.  C,  3.05.30;  Albert  Hayden,  Mercury  A.  C, 
3.09.10;  Sydney  Hatch,  First  Regt.  A.   C,  Chicago,  3.11.31. 

C.  F.  Luther  won  the  Yale  run,  crossing  the  7  miles  in  37m.  Harv'ard  defeated 
Massachusetts  Technology,  .53  points  to  27,  at  Boston,  November  1.  M.  S.  Crosby,  Harvard, 
covorjng  the  4%  miles  "in  24m.  44  4-5s.  Princeton  defeated  Yale.  31  points  to  48  (low 
Ucore  winning),  at  Princeton,  November  6,  G.  H.  Whitely.  Princeton,  covering  the  6V4 
miles  in  35m.  52  4-5s.,  in  the  rain.  Yale  defeated  Haiward.  *5  points  to  44,  at  New 
Haven,    November    13,    M.    B.    Vilas,    Yale,    covering    the    G%-mile    course    in    37m.    51s. 


Sporting  Adelaide^.  493 

CROSS    COUNTRY    AND    MARATHONS— roH//-<j;<r(f.  

Princeton  defeated  Columbia,   at  Princeton,   November  20,  by  37  points  to  43,   and  ATcGeei 
Princeton,   finished   the   C ',4 -mile  course  first   in  3Cra.   2T  2-o3. 

A.  A.  U.  Championships.  Held  at  Celtic  Park,  Xew  York.  November  23.  Distance, 
QV2  miles.  Senior  Event— Won  by  Fred  Beilars,  N,  Y.  A.  C,  In  o3m.  12s.;  John  Bisole, 
N.  Y.  A.  C,  second,  o3m.  10s.;  John  J.  Daly,  Irish-American  A.  C,  33m.  2os.  Team 
points:  I. -A.  A.  C,  25;  N.  Y.  A.  C,  37;  Mohawk  A.  C,  75.  Juniors — Won  by  Michael 
Spring.  Pastime  A.  C,  Sfim.  24s.;  W.  E.  Gould,  Xavier  A.  C,  30m.  40s.,  second;  O.  Muller. 
Mohawk  A.  C,  36m.  425.  Team  points:  Mohawk  A.  C,  42;  Pastime  A.  C,  49;  Mott 
Haven  A.    C,   51. 

INTERCOLLEGIATE    CHAMPIONSHIP. 

The  Intercollegiate  Cross-Country  Championship  was  held  at  Princeton,  November  27, 
and  Cornell  won  for  the  eighth  time  in  the  nine  years  this  cvpnt  has  been  held.  Guy 
Hasklns,  Pennsylvania's  wonderful  diJ^tance  runner,  finished  first,  coa-ering  the  Ri/4  miles 
in  35m.  9  l-5s.,  or  19  2-5s.  better  time  than  L.  P.  Jones,  of  Pennsylvania,  winner  in  1906. 
Six  Cornell  men  finished  among  the  first  thirteen  in  a  field  of  eixtyreight  contestants. 
The  new  rule  required  six  on  oacli  team  to  c'>unt  in  the  .scoring.  The  first  thii  teen  wen.-: 
G.  Haskins,  Pennsvlvania.  H.'Sm.  9  1-os. ;  J.  P.  Halstead,  Cornell.  35M.  21s.:  J.  V.  Colpitt'5. 
Cornell.  35m.  22s.;  G.  H.  Whiteiy.  Princeton,  35m.  32g.;  P.  L.  Trube.  Cornell,  36ui.  7s.; 
H.  C.  Young,  Cornell,  36ni.  15s.;  L.  P.  Joiaes,  Pennsylvania.  36m.  IR3.;  J.  Quigley,  Pf-nn- 
L^ylvania.  36m.  19s.;  M.  Eovle,  Pennsylvania.  3Rm.  24  2-5s. ;  E.  Hunger,  Cornell,  3f.m.  o4s.; 
W.  Stube,  Syracuse,  36m.  34s.;  R.  Spitzer,  Yale.  36m.  48s.;  E.  E.  Seelye.  Cornell,  36m.  54?. 
The  team  score  by  points  was:  Cornell.  39;  Peiirisylvania.,  61;  Yale,  135;  Syracuse,  173; 
Harvard,   1S2;  Columbia,  227;   Massachusetts  Teuhnology,   22S;   Princeton,   231. 

NEW    ENGLAND     CHAMPIONSHIP. 

The  ten-mile  cross-muntry  championship  of  New  England  was  decided  November  28 
at  Lynn,  Mass.,  and  first  prize  fell  to  Joseph  J.  Lee,  of  Somerville.  Mass.  His  time  for 
the  course  was  57m.  44s.  Lee's  victory  was  veiT  close,  for  Ro'bert  W.  Porwler,  of  the 
Cainbrldgeport  Gymnasium,  was  within  a  yard  of  him  as  lie  crossed  the  line. 


SHOOTING. 

•Shooting — Dr.  W.  G.  Hudson.  New  York,  made  a  world's  recorcj  of  1,165  out  of  a 
possible  1,200  points  on  a  ring  target  at  200  yards,  fifty  consecutive  shots.  Dr.  Hudson 
holds  the  record  of  2,301  for  100  shots,  same  distance.  Capt.  A.  H.  Hardy  hit  13,066 
flying  targets  v.'ithout  a  miss  at  Lincoln,  Neb.,   2>Jovember  19. 

ATHLETICS. 

The  standing  of  colleges  jn  recent  years  has  been  as  follows:  1901— Harvard,  Yale, 
Princeton,  Cornell.  1902— Harvard,  Yale,  Princeton,  California.  1903— Yale,  Harvard, 
Cornell,  Princeton.  1904 — Yale,  Harvard,  Pennsylvania,  Cornell.  1905 — Cornell,  Yale,  Har- 
vard,   Pennsylvania.      1906 — Cornell,    Pennsylvania,    Harvard,   Yale. 

AUTOMOBILES. 

Automobile — A  40-horse  power  motor  car  was  driven  777  mUes  In  Australia  oji  a  24-hour 
non-stop  run,  which  is  a  world's  record. 

BILLIARDS. 

Billiards— F.  P.  Day  defeated  Alfred  De  Oro  at  St.  Louis,   November  21,  and  made  an 

average  of  1..32   in  50  points  at   three-cushion  billiards.     Day  made  five   runs  of  four  each, 

and  two  of  five  points.     J.   Krulewich,    in  A.   C.   Anson's  room,   Chicago,   ran  out  50  points 
in  48  innings  at  three-cushion  caroms,   which  is  an  amateur  record. 

Three-cushion  billiards— Harry  Cline,  of  Philadelphia,  won  the  American  championship 
in  a  St.  Louis  tournament,  ending  December  3,  others  finishing  as  follows:  Daly,  Horgan, 
Jeone,  De  Oro,  Day,  Hueston,  Lean,   and  Capron.^ 

World's  billiard  championship  at  18.1  balkline— Jacob  Schaefer  successfully  defended 
the  emblem  against  George  Sutton  at  Chicago,  December  2.     Score,  500  to  486. 

TURF. 

Turf — Apologue  won  the  Melbourne  Cup  In  Australia— 2  miles — in  3.27^,  which  beat 
the  old  record  by  two  seconds.     Apologue  cai'ried  107  pounds. 

Jack  Nunnally,  ridden  by  C.  Miller,  ran  five  furlongs  on  a  circular  track  at  Oakland, 
Cal.,  December  3,  in  58  3-5s.,  a  new  world's  record. 

PUGILISM. 
November  22. — At  San  Francisco,  Owen  Moran  (Eng.)  defeated  Frankie  Neil,  16  rounds. 

November  28— At  San  Francisco,  Al  Kaufman  defeated  Jack  "Twin"  Sullivan  in  25 
rounds. 

December  2— At  London,  Tommy  Burns,  of  America,  defeated  Gunner  Moir,  of  Eng- 
land,  for  the  world's  heavy-weight  pugilistic  championship  in  ten  rounds. 


494 


l^ugllisni. 


IMPORTANT    RING    FIGHTS    IN    1907. 

January  1— At  Tonopah,  Nev.,  Joe  Gans  defeated  Kid  Herman  in  8  rounds.     Knockout, 

January  9— At  Philadelphia,  Tommy  Murphy  and  Young  Corbett,  6  rounds.     No  decision, 

Februao"  21— At  Denver,  Harry  Liewis  defeated  Mike  Sullivan  in  10  rounds. 

March  22— At  Los  Angeles,  George  Memsic  defeated  Charles  Ncary  in  10  rounds. 

March  2o— At  San  Francisco,  Dicli  Hyland  and  Cyclone  Tnompson,  20  rounds.     Draw. 

March  2(3 — At  Los  Angeles,  Jack  Sullivan  defeated  Jack  Palmer  in  10  rounds. 

April  23— At  Los  Angeles,  Mike  Sullivan  defeated  Honey  Mellody  in  20  rounds. 

May    3— At  Baltimore,  Kid  Sullivan  defeated  Young  Corbett  in  11  rounds.     Knockout, 

May    8— At  Los  Angeles,  Tommy  Bux-ns  defeated  Jack  0"Brien  in  20  rounds. 

May  10— At  Los  Angeles,  Hugo  Kelly  and  Jack  Sullivan,  20  rounds.     Draw. 

May  20— At  Denver,   Jimmy   Gardner   defeated  Harry   Lewis   in   10  rounds. 

June  27— At  Milwaukee,   Charles  Neary  defeated  Packy  McFarland  in  10  rounds, 

July    4— At  Rockaway,  N.  Y.,  Honey  McIlody  defeated  Jim  Donovan  in  7  rounds. 

July    4— At  San  Francisco,  Tommy  Burns  defeated  Bill  Squires  in  1  round.     Knockout. 

July  17— At  Philadelphia,  Jack  Johnson  defeated  Bob  Fitzsimmons  in  2  rounds. 

July  30— At  San  Francisco,   Jiminy  Britt.  defeated   Battling  Nelson  in  20  rounds. 

August  20— At  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  Packy  McFarland  defeated  Benny  Y'anger  in  4  rounds. 

August  29— At  San  Francisco,   Al  Kaufman  defeated  Mike  Schreck  in  7  I'ounds. 

September    2— At  San  Francisco,  Young  Ketchcll  defeated  Joe  Thomas,  32  rounds.  Knockout, 

September    9- At  San  Francisco,  Joe  Gans  defeated  Jinmiy  Britt  in  5  rounds. 

September  ll—At  Philadelphia,  Tommy  Muri)hy  and  Jack  Hyland,  6  rounds.     No  decision. 

September  12— At  Bridgeport,  Ct.,  Jack  Johnson  and  Sailor  Burke,  6  rounds.     No  decision. 

September  12— At  Indianapolis,  Abe  Altell  defeated  Jimmy  Yv'alsh  in  10  rounds. 

September  27— At  Los  Angeles,  Joe  Gans  defeated  Geoige  Memsic,  20  rounds. 

September  28- At  San  Fi-ancisco,  Jack  Sullivan  defeated  Bill  Squires  in  19  rounds. 

October  29— At   Baltimore,   Matty   Baldwin   defeated   Kid   Sullivan   in   15  rounds. 

November  1— At  Dayton,  Ohio,  Frank  Mantell  defeated  Honey  Mellody,  15  rounds.    Knockout, 

November  1 — At  New  Haven,  Johnny  Summers  and  Bert  Keyes,   10  lounds.     No  decision. 

November  2— At  Colma,  Cal.,  Jack  Johnson  defeated  Jim  Flynn  in  11  rounds.     Knockout. 


IMPORTANT     CHAMPIONSHIP     CONTESTS. 

John  L.  Sullivan— Defeated  Paddy  Ryan  at  Mississippi  City,  February  7,  1882,  9 
rounds.  Draw  with  Charlie  Mitchell  at  Chantilly,  France,  March  10,  1888,  39  rounds. 
Defeated  Jake  Kilrain  at  Richburg,  Miss.,  July  8,  1889,  75  rounds.  All  the  above  with 
bare   knuckles. 

James  J.  Corbett— Defeated  Jake  Kilrain  at  New  Orleans,  February  IS,  1890,  6  rounds. 
Draw  with  Peter  Jackson,  San  Francisco,  May  21,  1891,  61  rounds.  Defeated  John  L. 
Sullivan,  New  Orleans,  September  7,  1892,  21  rounds.  Defeated  Charlie  Mitchell,  Jackson- 
ville,  January  25,    1894.   3   rounds. 

Bob  Fitzsimmons — Defeated  Jack  Dempsey,  New  Orleans,  January  14,  1891,  13  rounds. 
Defeated  Jim  Corbett,   Carson  City,   Nev.,   March  17,   1897,   14  rounds. 

James  J.  Jeffries— Defeated  Bob  Fitzsimmons,  Coney  Island,  N.  T.,  June  9,  1899,  11 
rounds,  and  at  gan  Francisco,  July  25,  1902,  8  rounds.  Defeated  Tom  Sharkey  at  Coney 
Island,  November  3,  1899,  25  rounds.  Defeated  James  J.  Corbett  at  Coney  Island,  May 
11,  1900,  23  rounds,  and  at  San  Francisco,  August  14,  1903,  10  rounds.  Retired  and  pre- 
sented title  to  Marvin  Hart  at  Reno,  Nev.,  July  3,  1905,  on  the  occasion  of  Hart's  defeat 
of  Jack  Root  in  12  rounds.  Tommy  Burns  defeated  Marvin  Hart  in  20  rounds  at  Los 
Angeles,  February  23,   1906. 

LARGEST    PURSES    AND    STAKES    FOR    FIGHTERS. 


I>ATB. 


Winner. 


Gans 

Jeffries, 
.leflfries. 


Sept.  3,  1906. 
K  v.  3,1899. 
Aug.  14,  1903. 

Ang.30,  190i.|t;orbelt 

D-e.  2.1,  1904.  Nels.n 

Se:.t.    7,  1890.!C''rbett 

M.ir.    8,  18'.i3.iFiti5simmons 
Mar.  2.=>.  1904.lBria 


Loser. 


Nelson  .. 
Sharkey. 
Corbett  . 
MrCoy . . 
Britt  ... 
Snll-van. 
Ilall  .. 
Corbett . 


Place. 


G'd'd.Nev 
New  York. 
San  Fran  . 
NewYork . 
Colma.Cal 
N.Orleans 
N. Orleans 
San  Fran . 


Gate 
Receipts. 

#.19,715 
6';,300 
63,.340 
£i),:;50 
4-<,311 

*45,000 
40,000 


Datb. 


July  25,  1902, 
Mar.  17,  1897, 
Nov.  15,  1901, 
Sept.  9,  1905, 
Oct.  31,  1904, 
Dec.  19,  1903, 
Dec.  2,  1906, 
Mar.  31,  1903, 


Winner, 


Jeffries 

Corbett 

Jeffries 

Xflson.. 

Britt 

Jeffries 

Kitzsimmons. 
Corbett 


Loser. 


I'l'z-^iinmons 
Fitz'^iminons 

iiuiilin 

Briit 

<!^>I8 

Muiiroe  .... 

Shirkey 

Mc  Govern... 


Place. 


San  Fran. 
Carson  Ct. 
San  Fr.-in. 
S:iii  Fran. 
San  Fran. 
San  F'ran . 
San  Fran. 
San  Fr.in, 


Gat» 
Receipts. 


22,000 

30.&0O 
27,:70 
21,766 
21,761 
81,000 
20,880 


*Purse  $25,000  and  $10,000  a  side.     See  also  Endurance  Records. 

A.    A.    U.    CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

The  A.  A.  IT.  boxing  championships  were  held  in  Boston,  April  20-30,  with  the  following 
results:  105-pound  class — .John  J.  O'Brien,  Boston;  115-pound  class— Henry  Meiers,  Boston; 
125-pound  class— P.  F.  Fitzpatrick;  l."'.5-pound  class— J.  J.  Doyle,  New  York;  14.5-pound 
class — W.  S.  Kirtland.  Boston;  158-pound  class — Wiliam  McKennon,  Boston;  heavyweight 
class — Emory  Payne,  New  York. 


Whist  Jlerords. 


495 


^rronautic  ^ctov^js. 

AEROSTATION. 

FREE  SPHKKICAL  BALLOONS. 

"World's record  di«!tanco:  f  "onnt  Henrv  de  la  Vaulx  and  Cotntp  Castillion  de  Saint  Victor,  Vincennp.s. 

France,  to  Koroslvciiew,  Russia,  1,925  kllonipfers  (1.  193  miles)  in  353^  lionrs,  Oct.  9-il,  1900. 
United  States  record  distance-:  0<car  Erijsloh  and  H.  If.  Clayton,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ,  to  liradley  Beach. 

N.  .r..  872!)^  miles,  October  21-23,  1907,  iu  41  hours,  winuius  the  Gordon  Bennett  International 

Aeronautic  Cup. 
World's  record  duration  in  a  race:  Alfred  Leblano  and  Charles  Levee,  St.  Louis  to  Herbertsville, 

N.   J. ,  866.87  miles,  iu  44  hours  and  5  minutes,  October  21-23,  1907,  iu  Gordon  Bennett  Cup 

Race. 
World's  record  duration  not  inar.ace:   Drs.  Kurt  and  Alfred  Wegener,  April  5-7,  1906,  52  hours. 

Started  from  Berlin  and  travelled  uorth  to  upper  end  of  Denmarli  and  returned, without  lauding, 

to  Laufach,  southwest  of  Berlin. 
World's  record  altitude:  James  Glaisher,  September  5,   1862,  claims  to  have  reached  37,0(30  feet. 

This  is  now  doubted.     Professor-;  Berson  and  Suringof  the  Berliner  Vereiuliir  Luft.schiflahrt 

have  reached  an  altitude  of  34,000  feet. 

DIRIGIBLE    BALLOONS. 


World's  record  duration  and  distance:  Graf  von  Zeppelin  in  the  "Zeppelin  No.  3,"  over  Lake 
Constance  and  surrounding  territory  in  October,  1907.  Travelled  220  miles  and  wa.s93^  hours 
in  the  air. 

-       AVIATION. 

World's  record  distance  and  duration-.  Wright  Brothers,  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  in  an  aeroplane  on 
October  5,  1905,  24  1-5  miles  in  38  minutes,  3  seconds. 

Record  for  Europe:  Henry  Farman  of  Boulogne,  in  an  aeroplane  on  November  11,  1907,  travelled 
a  distance  of  1  kilometer  (6  1-10  of  a  mile)  in  1  minute,  14  secouds,  malting  a  complete  circle. 

BALLOON  ASCENTS  BY  PRINCIPAL  CLUBS-190G. 


Namk  of  Club. 


Aero  Club  of  France 

"        '*     **  America 

*'        "     "  UnitedKingdom.... 

"        "     "  Switzerland 

♦'     "  Spain 

"        "     "  Belgium 

Wiener  Aero  Club 

Deutscher  Luftschiffer- Verband. 
Societa  Aeronautica  Italiana 


No. 

Has 
Cu.  .Meters. 

468,905 
33.930 

206, 078 
25,900 

Patss^ngers 
Carric-<l. 

Kilometers 
TravelleJ. 

400 
33 

15 

1,002 

';o 
■37 

44.400 
1.981 

i,3io 

15 

234 

129.*6b0 

15.350 

308.190 

148,000 

10.000 

"23 

1,956 

Hours  in  .Air. 


1,753 


96 


FREE-BALLOON    CONTESTS    IN    1907. 


Date. 


May 


June 


July 


12 

19 

19 

25 

2 

8 

13 

6 

7 
21 


"     24 

Aus;.  15 

Sept.  15 

•'     15 

"     29 

Oct.    21 


From 


*  Poitiers,  France 

St.  Cloud,  France 

IMauntieim,  German.v 

*RaneIagh,  England.. 

Barcelona,  Spain 

Diisseldorf,  Germany 

St.  Cloud,  France 

St.  Cloud,  France 

Liege,  Belgium 

*Gaud,  Belgium 


Valencia,  Spain 

Barmen,  (Terrnany. . 

Brussels,  P.eltriuni .  . 

*Bru.ssels,  Belgium  ... 

St.  Cloud,  France.. . 

St.  Louis, Mo., U.S. A 


Xo.  of 

Balloons 


4 
14 

9 
10 
in 
12 

9 
12 

8 

5 

5 
3 


19 
9 


Landins  at — 


Rochesjude,  France. 
Cire,  France 


Figueras,  Spain 

Remels,  Germany 

Clermont,  France.... 
Ijudersdorf,  Germany 

Piitzier 

Bevensen 


Chestey  Cliiva,  Spain 
Stefanowo,  Germany. 
Seiguosse,  France 


In  the   open  sea,  24 

miles  from  Ostend.. 

Bradlev  Beacli.  N.  J. 


Di.stance 

Miles. 


272 

263 

'47 
141 
356 
360 
263 
263 


19 
384 
549 


159 

872 


Won  by — 


M.  da  la  Brosse. 

Francois  Peyrey. 

H.  von  Abercron. 

Prank  H.  Butler. 

Lieut.  E.  Herrera. 

Dr.  Fleniming. 

Paul  iissaiidier. 

Edouard  liachelard. 

Dr.  Niemeyer\  ,      ,  .       . 

-M.  Dimiortier )  "^^"  '^^"• 

Leon  Gheude,  landed  within 

101  feet  of  point. 
Sr.  .Alagdalena. 
H.  von  Abercron. 
Oscar  Erhsloh. 
Albert     Crombez,     landed 

within  4,854  feet  of  point. 

A.  Delobel. 
Oscar  Erbsloh. 


*  Contests  to  reach  a  predetermined  objective  point. 
of  Aeronautics. 


Records  compiled  by  American  Magazine 


mimt  Mttov'au. 


The  seventeenth  annual  congress  of  the  American  Whist  League  was  held  at  the 
Auditorium  Hotel,  Chicago,  July  H-IZ,  VM7.  The  Brooklyn  trophy  was  won  by  the  New 
England  Whist  Association,  and  the  Hamilton  trophy  by  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  Mrs.  Henry 
"W.  Cannon  and  Mrs.   J.   W.  Greene,   New   York  City,   won  the  Associate  Members'   trophy. 


496  Automobile  Indus fr^, 

October  1,  1907,  marked  the  close  of  the  automobile  selling  season,  which  v/as  the 
most  successful  in  the  history  of  the  industry.  There  were  in  use  in  the  United  States 
175,000  pleasure  vehicles  of  various  models  and  horse  power  and  18,000  commercial 
vehicles,  both  gasoline  and  electric.  These  cars  in  use  ranged  in  price  from  $350  to 
$6,500  for  American-built  runabouts;  $1,000  to  $0,500  was  the  I'ange  for  American-built 
touring  cars,  and  from  $1,500  to  $12,000  for  touring  cars  and  runabouts  of  foreign  manu- 
facture. The  estimated  valuation  of  all  types  of  motor  driven  vehicles  in  use  is 
$370,000,000. 

PRODUCTION   IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

The  estimated  production  of  automobiles  of  the  entire  industry  is  placed  at  55,000 
machines,  as  against  40,000  for  the  preceding  year.  The  approximate  value  of  this 
output  is  $110,000,000.  The  capital  employed  in  the  automobile  Industry  is  approxi- 
mately $90,000,000.  Nearly  every  manufacturer  of  importance  has  increased  the  size 
of  their  plants  during  the  year,  and  their  ranks  have  been  augmented  by  over  fifty  new 
corporations  chartered  for  the  manufacture  of  automobiles  and  motors. 

IMPORTS    AND    EXPORTS. 

Total  valuation  of  the  cars  imported  from  January  1,  lOOC,  to  November  1,  1907, 
is  given  at  $4,064,249.84.  The  total  valuation  of  the  cars  exported  from  June,  1900,  t(» 
June,    1907,    is    $5,502,241. 

IMPROVEMENTS    AND   PRICES. 

There  has  been  practically  no  radical  change  In  the  construction  of  horseless  vehicle"" 
during  the  year  just  past.  Any  notable  changes  have  been  in  the  nature  of  betterments 
in  and  refinements  of  detail.  The  most  marked  chaRge  has  been  in  the  increase  of  the 
power  plants  of  the  cars,  this  talcing  the  form  of  increased  cylinder  dimensions  in  four- 
cylinder  types,  and  the  production  by  many  manufacturers  of  six-cj'linder  machines.  The 
gentlem.en's  roadster  tyjje  of  car  and  light  cylinder  runabout  also  made  remarkable 
strides   during   the   year. 

Prices  in  many  instances  were  increased  on  account  of  the  increased  cost  of  material 
and  labo"  and  the  adoption  of  higher  grades  of  steel  by  the  mamifacturei-s. 

COMMERCIAL  VEHICLES. 
Great  progress  has  been  made  by  the  manufacturers  of  this  type  of  automobile,  and 
many  plants  throughout  the  United  States  have  been  erected  for  their  exclusive  manu- 
facture. Their  efficiency  in  the  matter  of  work  and  small  cost  of  operation  has  been 
established,  and  many  great  corporations  are  substituting  them  for  horse-drawn  vehicles. 
Heretofore  electrically  propelled  commercial  vehicles  have  had  the  call,  but  during  the 
past  year  gasolene  commcrcia.1  machines  have  proved  by  their  greater  mileage  capacity 
their  superiority  for  the  work  calling  for  long  distances  and  speedy  travel.  So  enormous 
is  the  field  for  the  commercial  type  of  automobile,  that  manufacturers  of  pleasure 
vehicles   have   already   laid   aside   plans    to    meet    the   demands. 

MOTOR    TRAFFIC. 

The  taximeter  cab  service  now  in  operation  ih  New  York  City  opens  a  new  field  for 
the  American  automobile  manufacturer,  as  this  up-to-date  service  of  motor  cabs  that  will 
carry  taximeters  to  determine  the  fares,  much  on  the  lines  of  those  at  present  running 
in  Paris  and  London,  promises  to  be  popular  throughout  the  counti'y,  and  seems  destined  to 
shortly  replace  the  horse-drawn  cab. 

To  meet  the  demand  of  this  most  popular  type  of  vehicle  several  American  manu- 
facturers have  already  started  their  production. 

ROADS    AND    LEGISLATION. 

Federal  statistics  show  there  are  more  than  2.151,570  miles  of  public  highwavs  In  the 
United  States.  Of  this  mileage  108,232.9  miles  are  surfaced  with  gravel,  38,621.7  miles 
with  stone,  and  0,809.7  miles  with  special  materials,  such  as  shells,  sand,  clay,  oil  and 
brick,  making  in  all  153,CG4.3  miles  of  improved  road.  From  this  it  follows  that  7.14 
per  cent,   of  all  the  roads  in  this  country  have  been  improved. 

The  Automobile  Club  of  America  and  every  clu*b  of  prominence  throughout  the  United 
States  have  been  untiring  in  their  efforts  to  secure  good  roads  and  just  laws  for  uses 
of  automobiles.  Special  endeavors  have  been  made  by  the  Legislative  Board  of  the 
American  Automobile  Association  to  obtain  Federal  registration. 

■^  AUTOMOBILE    SHOWS. 

Shows  exhibiting  1908  cars  were  held  earlier  than  usual.  The  American  Motor  Car 
Manufacturers'  Association  held  its  show  at  the  Grand  Central  Palace  in  October,  1007, 
and  the  eighth  national  show  under  the  auspices  of  the- Association  of  Licensed  Automo- 
bile Manufacturers  was  held  early  in  November.  1907,  at  Madison  Square  Garden;  the 
Chicago  show,  November  30  to  December  7,  1907,  under  the  auspices  of  the  National 
Association  of  Automobile  Manufacturers,  and  the  Importers'  Automobile  Salon  at  Madison 
Square  Garden,   December  28,   1907,   to  January  4,   1008. 

AMERICAN    AUTOMOBILE    ASSOCIATION. 

President— Wm.  H.  Hotchkiss,  No.  700  D.  S.  Morgan  Building,  Buffalo,  N.  Y..  Auto- 
mobile Club  of  Buffalo;  First  Vice-Prfesident — Lewis  R.  Speare,  Bay  State  Automobile 
Association;  Second  Vice-President— Asa  Paine,  Automobile  Club  of  Minneapolis,  Florida 
East  Coast  Automobile  Association;  Third  Vice-President— Ira  M.  Cobe,  Chicago  Auto- 
mobile Club;  Trea.^urer— Geo.  E.  Farrington,  No.  30  Nassau  Street,  New  York.  Automobile 
Club   of  New  Jersey;   Secretary— Frederick  H.   Elliott.   No.   437   Fifth  Avenue,   New   York. 

Directors — Wm.  K.  Vanderbilt,  Jr.,  Automobile  Club  of  America;  John  Farson,  Chicago 
Automobile  Club;  Colgate  Hoyt,  Automobile  Club  of  America;  E.  H.  R.  Green,  Dallas 
Automobile  Club;  Asa  Paine,  Florida  East  Coast  Automobile  Association;  J.  DcMont 
Thompson,  Automobile  Club  of  America;  Ira  M.  Cobe,  Chicago  Automobile  Club;  F.  B, 
Hower,  Automobile  Club  of  Buffalo;  Dr.  Milbahk  Johnson,  Automobile  Club  of  Southern 
California;  A.  G.  Batchelder.  New  York  Motor  Club;  Windsor  T.  White,  Cleveland  Auto- 
mobile Club;  Paul  H.  Deinlng.  Automobile  Club  of  Detroit;  Sldnev  S.  Gorham,  Chicago 
A.utoniobile    Club;    Robert    P,    Hooper     Germantowp    Automobile    Club-    Frank    M.    Joyc»e 


Automobile  Industry,  497 

AUTOMOBILE  INDUSTRY— Con/??i»rff. 

^1— ^i— ^—  11  ■■■■■■  ■■■  — ■■-!■»■■       ■  !■■         I       -   —   ■    .    ^   III         ■    I    .  M    ^1  ■  »i— ^— ■■■  ■   m^  m  ■-  11^  .^— ^^1-  .M     II         ■  I      ■  * 

Automobile  Chib  of  Minneapolis;  James  T.  Drought.  Automobile  Club  of  Milwaukee;  S.  B. 
Stevens,  New  York  Motor  Club;  Elliott  C.  Lee.  Massachusetts  Automobile  Club;  W.  H. 
Chase,  Wauchusett  Automobile  Club;  George  E.  Farrington.  Automobile  Club  of  New 
Jersey;  George  W.  Ehrhart,  Decatur  Automobile  Club;  F.  C.  Florence,  Rhode  Island  Auto- 
mobile Club;  Oliver  A.  Qua  vie,  Albany  Automobile  Club;  D.  Emmett  Welch.  Grand  Rapids 
Automobile  Club;  N.  M.  Pierce,  Binghamton  Automobile  Club;  J.  H.  Edwards,  Auto- 
mobile Club  of  Hudson  Countv;  Osborne  I.  Yellott,  Automobile  Club  of  Maryland;  Roy  F. 
Eritton,  Automobile  Club  of  St.  Louis;  W.  F.  Fuller,  Automobile  Club  of  Hartford;  Val. 
Dittenhofer,  Jr..  Automobile  Club  of  Cincinnati;  George  A.  Post,  North  Jersey  Automobile 
Club;  S.  L.  Haynes,  Automobile  Club  of  Springfield;  H.  S.  Woodworth,  Rochester  Auto- 
mobile Club;  K.  G.  Roebling,  Mercer  County  Automobile  Club;  F.  T.  Sholes.  Cleveland 
Automobile  Club;  Frederick  R.  Pratt,  New  Jersey  Automobile  and  Motor  Club;  A.  R. 
Pardington,  Long  Island  Automobile  Club;  John  P.  Coghlin.  Worcester  Automobile  Club; 
W.  S.  Belding,  Automobile  Club  of  Maryland;  L.  A.  Wood,  St.  Paul  Automobile  Club; 
H.  S.  Crawford.  San  Antonio  Automobile  Club;  Alvin  E.  Blisp,  Maiden  Automobile  Club; 
W.  E  Edge,  Atlantic  City  Automobile  Club;  Wm.  Penn  Mather,  Rhode  Island  Automobile 
Club;  Albert  Mackie,  Automobile  Club  of  New  Orleans;  George  N.  Landers,  Automobile 
Club  of  New  Britain;  Paul  C.  Wolff,  Pittsburgh  Autpmobile  Club;  Samuel  P.  Irwm, 
Bloomington  Automobile  Club;  George  H.  Smith,  Quaker  City  Motor  Club;  Lewis  R. 
Speare,  Bay  State  Automobile  Association;  H.  J.  Lamar,  Jr.,  Macon  Automobile  Club; 
William  H.   Hotchkiss.   Automobile  Club  of  Buffalo. 

AUTOMOBILE    EVENTS. 

The  annual  competition  for  the  William  K.  Vanderbilt  Cup  was  abandoned  because 
adequate  police  protection  could  not  be  secured.  The  Glidden  Tour,  the  Sealed  Bonnet 
Contests  and  th«  Reliability  Runs  were  marked  by  the  great  number  of  cars  which  were 
awarded  perfect  scores.  The  twenty-four-hour  races  were  the  most  prominent  of  all 
racing  events  held  during  the  year,  and  were  so  popular  that  thei-e  are  plans  on  foot  for 
several  motordromes  to  be  exclusivelj'-  devoted  to  this  spectacular  sport.  The  relay  record 
was  made  at  Detroit,  the  distance  covered  in  twenty-four  hours  being  1,1:55  miles,  made 
by  American-built  cars.  The  single  car  record  made  at  Morris  Park  by  a  foreign-made 
car  stands  at  1,079  miles. 

The  trade  is  ot-ganized  as  follows: 

ASSOCIATION   OF   LICENSED    AUTOMOBILE   MANUFACTURERS: 

Officers— President,  Charles  Clifton,  the  George  N.  Pierce  Company;  Vice-P-esident, 
Thomas  H.  Henderson.  Winton  Motor  Carriage  Company;  Secretary.  L.  H.  Kictredge, 
Peerless  Motor  Car  Company;  Treasurer,  H.  H.  Franklin,  H.  H.  Franklin  Manufacturing 
Company. 

AMERICAN  Motor  car  manufacturers'  association. 

Chairman,  Benjamin  Briscoe,  Maxwell-Briscoe  Motor  Company;  Vice-Chairman,  R.  E. 
Olds,  Reo  Motor  Car  Company;  Treasurer,  H.  O.  Smith,  Premier  Motor  Manufacturing 
Company;  Secretary,  William  Mitchell  Lewis,  Mitchell  Motor  Car  Company;  General  Man- 
ager,  Alfred   Reeves. 

THE    IMPORTERS'    AUTO    SALON. 

President,  J.  L.  Josephs;  Vice-President,  E.  R.  Hollander;  Treasurer,  C.  F.  Wyckoff; 
Secretary,   S.   B.   Bowman;   General  Manager,   C   R.   Mabley. 

NA.TIONAD  ASSOCIATION  OF  AUTOMOBILE  MANUFACTURERS  (INC.). 
No.  1  East  Forty-seventh  Street,  New  York  City. 
President.  A.  L.  Pope;  Vice-President,  S.  D.  Waldon;  Second  Vice-President.  Thomas 
Henderson;  Third  Vice-President.  William  E.  Metzger;  Secretary,  L.  H.  Kittridge; 
Treasurer.  W.  R.  Innes;  General  Manager,  S.  A.  Miles;  Counsel,  Charles  Thaddeus  Terry, 
No.  100  Broadway.  New  York.  Executive  Committee— S.  T.  Davis,  Jr.,  Locomobile  Com- 
pany of  America,  Bridgeport,  Ct. ;  Windsor  T.  White,  The  Whit^e  Company,  Cleveland, 
Ohio;  Charles  Clifton,  George  N.  Pierce  Company,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Thomas  Henderson. 
Winton  Motor  Carriage  Company,  Cleveland,  Ohio;  William  E.  Metzger,  Cadillac  Motor 
Car  Company,  Detroit,  Mich.;  S.  D.  Waldon,  Packard  Motor  Car  Company,  Detroit.  Mich.; 
William  R.  Innes,  Studebaker  Bros.  Manufacturing  Company,  South  Bend,  Ind. ;  C.  C. 
Hildebrand,  Stevens-Duryea  Company.  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass.;  M.  J.  Eudlong,  Electric 
Vehicle  Companj^  Hartford,  Ct. ;  E.  H.  Cutler,  Knox  Automobile  Company,  Springfield, 
Mass  ;  Albert  L.  Pope,  Pope  Manufacturing  Company,  Hartford.  Ct.;  Benjamin  Briscoe, 
Maxwell-Briscoe  Motor  Company,  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.;  L.  H.  Kittridge,  Peerless  Motof 
Company,  Cleveland,  Ohio:  Ezra  B.  Kirk.  E.  R.  Thomas  Motor  Comipany,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.; 
William   Mitchell  Lewis,   Mitchell   Motor  Company,    Racine.   Wis. 

ASSOCIATION  PATENTS  COMPANY. 
Directors— President,  Charles  Cliftoh,  The  George  N.  Pierce  Company;  Vice-President, 
G.  H.  Stllwell.  H.  H.  Franklin  Manufacturing  Company;  Secretary,  Marcus  I.  Brook, 
A.  L.  A.  M. ;  Treasurer,  E.  H.  Cutler,  Knox  Auto  Company;  E.  R.  Thomas.  The  E.  R. 
Thomas  Motor  Company;  James  H.  Becker,  Elmore  Manufacturing  Company;  Elwood 
Haynes,   Haynes  Automobile  Companj\ 

MOTOR  AND  ACCESSORY  MANUFACTURERS. 
Officers— President.  H.  S.  White,  Sholby  Steel  Tube  Company,  Pittsburgh.  Pa.;  First 
Vice-President,  H.  E.  Raymond,  The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Company,  Akron,  Ohio;  Second  Vice- 
President,  Vv^  H.  Crosby,  The  Crosby  Company.  Buffalo.  N.  Y.;  Third  Vice-President, 
E.  W.  Beach,  Manufacturers'  Foundry  Company,  Waterbury,  Ct. ;  Treasurer.  W.  S. 
Gorton.  The  Standard  Welding  Company,  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Secretary,  P.  S.  Steen.=itrup, 
Hyatt  Roller  Bearing  Company,  Box  407,  Newark,  N.  J.;  Assistant  Secretary,  W.  M. 
Svv-eet.    Box   467,    Newark,    N.    J. 

NATIONAL    ASSOCIATION    OF    ENGINE    AND    BOAT    MAJTUFACTURERS. 
President,   John   J.    Emory;    First   Vice-President,    H.    A.    Lozier;    Second   Vice-President, 
C.    A.    Strell;    Third    Vice-President.    H.    R.    Sutphen;    Treasurer,    J.   S.    Bunting;    Secretary, 
Hugh  S.  Gambel,  office,   No,   314  Madison  Avenue,  New  York. 


498 


Marriage  and  J)lvorce  Tjaws. 


(Revised  to  liecember  1,  IHOT.  ) 

Marriage Ijicenses.—Tloqui red  iu  all  the  States  and  Tenituiies except  Aliiska.  New  Jei-sey  (if 
residenis.  utherwi.se  leciuired),  iSew  Mexico  aud  Soutli  Caioliua.  t'alilornia  requiies  muiiaud 
woi-MHii  to  appear  and  he  e.vaiuiiied  under  oath. 

JliirrmgC;  Prohibition  of.— Maniages  between  whites  and  persons  of  negro  descent  are  pro- 
hibiied  ami  puiiishalile  hi  Alabama,  Arizona,  Arkansas,  Calil'oiuia.  Colorado.  Delaware,  Florida. 
Georgia.  Idaho.  Indiana,  Indian  Territory,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Mississippi,  Missouri, 
Nehra.ska.  North  Carolina,  Oklahoma,  Oregon,  Soutti  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Texas,  Utah,  Virginia, 
and  West  Virijinia. 

Marriages  between  whites  and  Indians  are  void  in  Arizona,  North  Carolina,  Oregon,  and  South 
Carolina;  and  between  whites  and  Chinese  in  Arizona,  California,  Mississippi.  Oregon,  and  Utah. 

Marriage  between  lirst  cousins  is  forbidden  in  Alaska,  Arizona,  Arkansas,  Illinois,  Indiana.  Indian 
Territory.  Kansas,  Mis.souri,  Nevada,  New  Hampshire,  North  Dakota.  Ohio,  Oklahoma,  Oregon, 
Pennsylvania,  South  Dakota.  VVa.shington,  and  Wyoming,  and  in  some  of  them  is  declared  inces- 
tuous and  void,  and  marriage  with  step-relatives  is  forbidden  in  all  the  States  except  Florida, 
Hawaiian  Islands,  Iowa.  Kentucky,  Minnesota,  New  York.  Tennessee.  Wisconsin. 

Connecticut  and  Minnesota  prohibit  the  marriage  of  an  epileptic,  imbecile,  or  feeble-minded 
woman  under  45  years  of  iige,  or  cohabitation  by  anj'male  of  this  description  with  a  woman  under 
45  years  of  age,  and  marriage  of  lunatics  is  void  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  Kentucky,  Maine, 
Massachusetts,  Nebraska;  persons  having  sexual  diseases  in  IVIichigan. 

xHarrioge,  Age  to  Ccitract,  Without  C'oiiseut  of  Parents.— In  most  of  the  States  which 
havelawsou  this  subject '.^1  years  is  the  age  for  males;  in  Calilorniu,  Delaware,  Idaho,  and  North 
Dakota,  18;  in  Tennessee.  It) ;  and  for  females  21  years  in  Florida.  Iowa,  Kentucky,  Louisiana, 
Minnesota,  Montana, Nebraska,  North  Carolina,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  South  Carolina.  Kansas, 
South  Dakota,  Utah,  Virginia.  West  Virginia.  Wisconsin,  and  Wyoming,  and  18  in  all  the  other 
Stales  having  laws,  except  Delaware,  District  of  Columbia.  Idaho,  Maryland,  New  York,  and 
Tennes.see,  in  which  it  is  16  years,  and  California  and  North  Dakota.  15. 

Illinois  aud  Kansas,  commonlavv  marriages  null  and  void.  Connecticut,  neglect  to  support  wife  is 
felony. 


Statbs. 

Residence 
Uequired. 

Alabama.   .  . 

1  year. 

Arizona 

1  year. 

Arkansas 

1  year. 

California 

1  year. 

Colorado 

1  year. 

Connecticut . . 

t 

Delaware 



D.ofColumbia 

2  years. 

Florida 

2  years. 

Georgia 

1  year. 

Idaho 

6  mos. 

Illinois 

1  year. 

Indiana 

2  years. 

Iowa 

1  year. 

Kan.sas 

1  year. 

-1  .....AH 

Kentucky 1  year. 


Louisiana. 


Maine. 


1  year. 


Causes  for  Absolute  Divorce. 
In  addition  to  adultery,  which  is  cause  for  divorce  in  all  the  States.  * 


Abandonment  two  years,  crime  against  nature,  liabitual  drunkenness, 
violence,  pregnancy  of  wife  bj'  other  than  husband  at  marriage,  physical 
incapacitj',  imprisonment  for  two  years  for  felony. 

Felony,  physical  incapacity,  desertion  one  year,  excesse.s,  cruelty,  neglect  to 
provide  one  year,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage, 
conviction  of  felony  prior  to  marriage  unknown  to  other  parlj'. 

Desertion  one  year,  felony,  hanitnal  drunkenness  one  jear,  cruelty,  former 
marriage  existing,  physical  incapacity. 

Cruelty,  desertion  one  year,  neglect  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  one 
year,  felony. 

Desertion  one  year,  physical  incapacity,  cruelty,  failure  to  provide  one 
year,  habiinal  drunkeiiness  one  year,  felony,  former  marriage  existintj. 

Fraudulent  contract,  wilful  desertion  three  years  with  total  neglect  of  duty, 
habitual  drunkenne.ss,  cruelty,  imprisonnient  for  life,  infamous  crime  in- 
volving violation  of  conjugal  duty  and  punishable  by  imprisonment  iu  State 
prison,  seven  years'  abs^'iice  without  being  heard  from. 

Desertion  three  years,  habitual  drunkenness,  physical  incapacity,  cruelty, 
felony— and  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court,  fraud,  want  of  age,  neglect  to 
provide  three  years. 

Marriages  may  be  annulled  for  former  existing  marriage,  lunacy,  fraud, 
coercion,  physical  incapacity,  ana  want  of  age  at  time  of  marriage. 

Cruelty,  violent  temper, habitual  druukennes.s,  phA'sical  incapacity,  desertion 
one  year,  former  marriage  existing,  relationship"  within  prohibited  degrees. 

Mental  and  physical  incapacity,  desertion  three  years,  felony,  cruelty, 
habitual  drunkenness,  fbrce,  duress, or  fraud  in  obtaining:  marriage, preg- 
nancy of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage,  relationship  within 
prohibited  degrees. 

Cruelty,  desertion  one  j'ear,  neglect  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  one 
year,  felony,  insanity. 

Desertion  two  years,  habitual  drunkenness  two  years,  former  existing  mar- 
riage, cruelty,  felony,  physical  incapacity,  attempt  on  life  of  other  party, 
divorced  party  cannot  marry  fot  two  years. 

Abandonment  two  years,  crueltj',  habitual  drunkenness,  failure  to  provide 
two  years,  felony,  physical  incapacitj'. 

Desertion  two  years,  felony,  habitual  drunkenness,  cruelty,  pregnancy  of 
wife  by  other  than  hu.sband  at  marriage. 

Abandoument  one  year,  cruelty,  fraud,  habitual  drunkenness,  gross 
neglect  of  duty,  felony,  physical  mcapacitj',  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other 
than  husband  at  marriage,  former  existing  marriage. 

Separation  five  years,  desertion  one  year,  felony,  physical  incapacity, 
loathsome  disease,  habitual  drunkenness  one  .year,  cruelty,  force,  fraud 
or  duress  In  obtaining  marriasre,  joining  religious  sect  believing  marriage 
unlawful,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage  or  sub- 
sequent unchaste  behavior,  ungovernable  temper. 

Felony,  habitual  drunkenness,  excesses,  cruelty,  public  defamation  of 
other  party,  abandonment,  attempt  on  life  of  other  party,  fugitive  from 
justice. 

Cruelty,  desertion  three  years,  physical  incapacity,  habits  of  intoxication 
by  liquors,  opium,  or  other  drugs,  neglect  to  provide,  insanitj'  un<ler 
certain  limitations. 


*£xclui>ive  of  South  Carolina,  which  has  uo  divorce  law.    t  3  years  with  some  exceptions. 


3Iarria(je  and  Divorce  Lavis. 


499 


MARRIAGE  AND  DIVORCE  LAWS— CoM^/7i»crf. 


States. 


Maryland  . . 

Mass'chusetts 

Michigan 

Miuuesota 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska. .  . . 

Nevada 

N.Hampshire 


New  Jersey. 


New  Mexico. 

New  York  — 
N.Carolina. .. 
North  Dakota 


Ohio. 


Oklahoma. 


liesideiue 
Required. 


2  years, 
3-5  yrs, 

2  years. 
1  year. 
1  year. 

1  year. 
6  mos. 

6  mos, 

1  year. 


(t) 

1  year. 

(t) 
1  year. 
1  year. 

1  year. 


Oregon j  1  year. 

Pennsylvania  1  year. 

h 

Rhode  Island. 


S.Carolina.. . . 
South  Dakota 

Tennessee 


Texas  

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia  

Washington. 
West  Virginia 

Wisconsin  . . 
Wj'oming... 


2  years. 

6  mos. 
2  years. 

6  mos. 
1  year. 
1  year. 
1  year. 

1  year. 
1  year. 

1  year. 
1  year. 


Causes  for  Absolute  Y)lvorce. 
In  addition  to  adultery  ^  which  U  cause  for  divorce  in  all  the  States.  • 

Abandonment  three  years,  unchastity  of  wife  Ijefore  marriage,  physical  Irica^ 
pacitj',  any  cause  which  renders  the  marriage  null  and  void  ab  initio. 

Cruelty,  desertion  three  years,  habits  of  intoxication  by  liquors,oplum  or  other 
drugs,  neglect  to  provide,  physical  incapacity,  inipri.sonment  for  felony, 
uniting  for  tliree  years  with  religious  sect  believing  marriage  unlawfnL 

Felony,  desertion  two  j'ears,  habitual  dninkeniiess,  physical  incapacity, 
and  in  the  discretion  of  the  Court  for  crueltj"^  or  neglect  to  provide. 

Desertion  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  by  liquors  or  opium,  cruelty, 
physi«al  incapacity,  imprisonment  for  felony. 

Felony,  absence  one  j-ear,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year,  cruelty,  indig- 
nities, vagrancy,  former  existing  marriage,  phj'sical  incapacltj',  conviction 
of  felony  prior  to  marriage  unknown  to  other  party,  wife  pregnant  by  other 
than  husband  at  marriage. 

Cruelty,  desertion,  neglect  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year,  felony. 

.Abandonment  two  years, habitual  drunkouness,  physical  incapacity,  felony, 
failure  to  support  two  years,  cruelty. 

Desertion  one  year,  felony,  habitual  drunkenness,  physical  incapacity, 
<nuelty,  neglect  to  provide  one  year. 

Cruelty,  felony,  physical  incapacity,  absence  three  years,  habitual  drunken- 
ness three  years,  failure  to  provide  three  years,  treatment  endangering 
health  or  reason,  union  with  sect  regarding  marriage  Unlawful,  wife  separate 
without  the  State  ton  years,  not  claiming  marital  rights,  husband  absent 
from  United  States  three  years  intending  to  become  citizen  of  another 
country. 

Desertion  two  years,  physical  incapacity.  No  divorce  may  be  obtained  on 
grounds  arising  in  another  State  unless  they  constituted  ground  for  divorce 
Ml  the  State  where  they  a  rose. 

Abandonment,  cruelty."  neglect  to 'provide,  habitual  drunkenness,  felony, 
l>hvsical  incai)acity,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage. 

Adultery  only. 

Pregnancy  ol'  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage,  physical  Incapacity. 

Cruelty,  desertion  one  year,  neglect  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  one 
year,  felony. 

Absence  three  years,  cruelty,  fraud,  irross  neglectof  duty,  habitual  drunken- 
ness three  years,  felonj',  former  existing  marriage;  procurement  of  divorce 
without  the  State  by  one  party,  which  continues  marriage  binding  upon 
other  party;  physical  incapa'ity. 

Abandonment  one  year,  cruelty,  fraud,  habitual  drunkenness,  felony,  gross 
neglect  of  duty,  physical  incapacity,  former  existing  marriage,  pregnancy 
of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage. 

Felony,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year,  pliysical  incapacity, desertion  one 
year,  cruelty  or  personal  indignities  rendering  life  burdensome. 

Former  existing  marriage,  desertion  two  years,  personal  abuse  or  conduct 
rendering  life  burdensome,  felony,  fraud, relationship  within  prohibited 
degrees,  physical  incapacity  and  lunacy. 

Cruelty,  desertion  five  years,  habitual  drunkenness,  excessive  use  of  mor- 
phine, opium,  or  chloral,  neglect  to  provide  one  year,  gross  misbehavior, 
living  separate  ten  years,  physical  incapacity.  Either  party  civilly  dead 
for  crime  or  proTonged  absence 

No  divorces  granted. 

Cruelty,  desertion  one  year,  physical  incapacity,  neglect  one  year,  habitual 
drunkenness  one  year,  felony. 

Former  existing  marriage,  desertion  two  years,  felony,  physical  incapacity, 
attempt  on  life  of  other  party,  refusal  of  wife  to  live  with  husband  in  the 
State  and  absenting  her.self  two  years,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than 
husband  at  marriage;  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court  for  cruelty,indignities, 
abandonment,  or  neglect  to  provide. 

Abandonment  three  years,  phj'sical  incapacity,  cruelty,  excess,  or  outrages 
rendering  life  together  insupijortable,  felony. 

Desertion  one  vear,  neglect  to  provide,  physical  incapacity,  habitual 
drunkenness.  relO''y,  cruelty.permanent  insanity. 

Imprisonment  three  years,  intolerable  severity,  desertion  three  years,  neglect 
to  provide. 

Insanity  at  marriage,  felony,  desertion  three  years,  fugitive  from  justice 
two  years,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  otherthan  husband  at  marriage,  wife  a 
prostitute,  or  either  party  convicted  of  felony  before  marriage  unknown 
to  other,  physical  incapacity. 

Abandonment  one  year,  fraud,  habitual  dnmkenness,  refusal  to  provide, 
felony,  physical  incapacity,  incurable  insanity,  cruelty  or  indismities 
rendering  life  burdensome,  other  cau.se  deemed  sufficient  by  the  Court. 

Desertion  three  years,  felony,  phj'sical  incapacity,  pregnancy  of  wife  by 
other  than  husband  at  marriage,  husband  a  licentious  ch.iracter  or  wife  a 
prostitute  unknown  to  other  party,  either  party  convicted  of  felony  before 
marriage  unknown  to  other. 

Felony,  desertion  one  year,  cnielty,  physical  Incapacity,  habitual  drunken- 
ness one  year,  separation  five  years.    Divorcee  cannot  marry  lor  one  year. 

Felony,  desertion  one  year,  iiabltnal  drunkenness,  crue'ty,  neglect  to 
provide  one  year,  husband  a  vasrrnnt,  physical  incapacity,  indignities  ren- 
dering condition  intolerable,  presruMncv  of  wife  by  otherthan  husband  at 
marriage,  either  party  convicted  of  felony  before  marriage  unknown  to 
other. 


•  Ezcln«iTe  of  South  Carolina,  which  has  no  divorce  law.        f  Varies  with  cause.        t  Actual  residence. 


500 


Wills. 


NU.^LHKU  OF  ABSOLUTE  DIVOECE8  GRA^;Tli;D. 


Yeaks. 

New  York.* 

Ciiic.igo. 

Fhiladelphia. 

lioston. 

Dstroit. 

Imli-inHpoIis. 

r    ■-^'       LP!    1 — 

Om;il;a. 

1895 

181J0 ., 

202 
250 
393 
499 
453 
522 
590 
070 
803 
843 

5.231 

1.  145 
1,140 
1,150 
1,214 
1,507 
1,090 
1,740 
1,908 
2.454 
2.3.J0 

16.388 

364 

O'  >Jj 

370 

374 
437 
484 
404 
577 
640 
G14 

4,700 

209 
357 
334 
3  0 
319 
'.^45 
445 
421 
508 
612 

3,740 

253 
2<52 
212 
290 
3i7 
394 
354 
402 
488 
449 

3,518 

427 
418 
020 
575 
507 
314 
470 
387 
814 
260 

4.298 

2',  V 
284 

]897 

•  203 

li~>98 

loi*9 

1:  ()0 

297 
282 
241 

1901 

1902 

li  03. 

1904 

3158 
3.>8 
314 
372 

'J'otal  10  ypiiiR... . 

3,151 

Mauhattau  aud  Bronx.    These  stat  iatics  were  collectefl  by  Thk  Wcjui.k,  in  February,  1905. 


ILabj  of  (Contracts, 

A  oontvact:  i.**  au  agreement  ofSwo  or  more  purtie-^,  by  wbich  reciprocal  rigbts  nii'l 
obligations  arc  created.  One  I'iirty  acyuiirs  u  ris^lit,  ciilorccal'le  ai  law,  to  some  act  or  foroearaiicf 
froiii  tbeoiber,  who  is  under  a  corresponding  oli!ii;ali(iU  totbusnctor  forbfar. 

tiO!ieruliy  spoaljing,  all  contracts  wliicl!  arc  made  between  two  competent  parties,  for  a  proper 
consideration,  wilbont  fraud  .'uul  for  a  bnvltil  i)nrpoHe,are  eidorceuble  at  law. 

To  the  crealioii  of  a.  valid  cosuract  tlieie  mnst  be: 

1.  I'recise  agreement.  The  oiTer  of  one  party  must  bo  met  by  an  acceptance  by  tbe  other, accord- 
ing to  tlie  t(jrm,s  ollered. 

2.  Tliefo  must  be  a  consideration.  Somethingof  value  must  either  be  received  by  one  party  or 
given  tip  by  tbe  other.  .  ' 

3.  Tlie  parlies  must  have  Cfvpacity  to  contract.  The  contracts  of  insane  persons  are  notbindin;; 
upon  lliem.  Married  women  are  now  genoially  permilied  to  contract  as  though  single, and  bind  Iboir 
separate  jtroperty.  The  contracts  of  an  infant  are  generally  not  binding  upon  him,  uidess  ratitied 
ttftcr  •attaining  his  majority.  The  contracts  of  an  inlaiit  for  "necessaries"  may  be  enforced  agHinsi 
liini  to  the  extent  of  the  reasonable  value  ol  the  goods  furnished.  It  is  incumbent  upon  one  seei<ing 
thus  to  hold  an  infant  to  show  that  tbe  goods  finnished  were  in  fact  necessary  to  tlie  infant,  and  that 
he  wtis  not  already  supplied  by  hi  ■;  parents  or  guardians. 

4.  The  party's  consent  must  not  be  the  result  of  fraud  or  imposition,  or  it  may  be  avoided  by  tlie 
party  imposed  upon. 

5.  The  purpose  of  the  parties  must  be  lawful.  Agreements  to  defraud  others,  to  violate  statutes, 
or  whose  aim  is  against  public  policy,  sucli  a.s  to  create  monopolies,  or  for  the  corrupt  procurement 
of  legislative  or  officiid  Kciion,:av^  void,  and  cannot  beenforced  by  any  party  thereto. 

Coittracrs  in  geueral  are  >.  qnaily  vaJul,  v/hei  her  mado  orally  or  in  wrilinK)  with 
the  exception  of  certain  classes  of  contracts,  whicli  in  most  of  the  .States  are  required  to  be  attested 
by  a  hote  or  memorandum  in  writing,  signed  by  the  party  or  his  agent  sought  to  be  jield  liable. 
Borne  of  the  provisions,  wliich  are  adopted  f  ron»  the  old  Enfflii^h  Statute  of  Fratidw,  vary  in  .some 
of  the  States,  but  the  following  contracts  very  generally  are  required  to  be  thus  attested  by  some 
writing: 

Contracts  by  their  terms  not  to  be  performed  witliin  a  s'ear  from  the  making  thereof. 

A  promise  to  answer  for  the  debt,  default,  or  miscarriage  of  anotJier  person. 

Contracts  made  in  consideration  of  marriage,  except  mutual  promises  to  marry. 

Promise  of  an  executor,  or  administrator,  to  pay  debts  of  deceased  out  of  his  owii  property. 

Contracts  for  the  creation  of  any  interest  or  estate  in  laudtWith  the  exception  of  leases  for  a 
short  term,  generallj-  one  year. 

Contracts  for  the'sale  pf  goods  above  a  certain  value,  imle.ss  a  portion  of  the  price  is  paid  or  part 
of  the  goods  delivered.  Tlie  required  value  of  tlie  goods  sold  varies  in  ditl'ereut  States  from  $30  to 
$200.     In  a  number  of  the  Piates  nj  such  provision  exists. 

In  many  of  ilie  States  declarations  or  conveyances  of  trust  estates. 

In  many  States  rei)reseutations  as  to  tlie  character,  credit,  or  responsibility  of  another  person. 

Partial  performance  of  the  contraet  is  generally  lield  to  dispense  \vith  the  necessity  for  a 
writing. 

Jf  tiie  (lamafcf!^  liable  to  result  fre-m  the  kreakingr  of  a  contract  are  niicert«.in»  the 
parties  may  agree  upon  a  sum  to  which  either  may  be  entitled  as  compensation  for  a  l)reach,  wliich 
will  be  upheld  by  tlie  courts,  but  if  tlie  siuh  so  fixed  is  not  designed  as  a  fair  compensation  to  the 
party  injured,  but  as  a  penalty  to  be  inilicted,  it  will  be  disregarded. 

A  party  is  geiieraily  excn.»»ed  lor  tUe  failure  to  perform  what  he  haa  agreed  only  by  the 
act  of  God  or  the  public  enemy,  Itxcept  in  cases  involving  a  personal  element  in  the  work  to  be  per- 
formed, suclias  ttie  rendition  of  servicer,  when  the  death  or  sickness  of  the  party  contracting  to  per- 
form them  is  a  valid  excuse,  or  contracts  for  tlie  performance  of  work  upon  a  speciiied  object,  when 
its  destruction  without  the  fault  of  the  party  sought  to  be  lield  liable  is  a  suflicient  excusp. 


A  Will,  or  Trstamknt  is  a  final  disposition  of  a  person's  property  to  take  effect  after  his  death. 
A  codicil  is  an  addition  or  alteration  in  such  disposition.  All  persons  are  competent  to  make  a  will 
except  idiots,  peVsons  of  unsound  mind,  and  iulantrt.  In  many  Stales  a  will  of  an  unmarried  woman  Is 
deemed  revoked  by  her  subsequent  marriage.  A  nuncupative  or  unwritten  will  is  one  made  oro//?/ 
bya  .Soulier  in  active  service,  or  by  a  mariner  while  at  sea. 

Inmost  of  the  States  ft  will  must  be  in  writing-,  signed  by  the  testator,  or  bysome  person  in  his 
presence,  and  by  his  direction,  and  attested  by  witnesses.  wiiomuHt  subscribe  their  names  tbereto  in 
the pienfiice  of  the  te.stator.    Tlie  form  of  wordiu«  a  will  is  immaterial  as  long  as  its  intent  is  clear. 

A(JKat  wbich  persons  may  m?ke  wills  is  in  mo-t  of  llie  States  yi  years.  Males  and  females 
are  competent  to  make  wills  at  18  vears  in  the  fi.llowing  States:  ('uiiforiiia,  Connecticut,  Ha- 
waiian  Islands,  Idaho,  Montana,  Neva<Ia,   North  Dakota,   Othihoma,   f^ouih  Dakota,  Utah;  aud  in 


promissory  Notes  and  Checks.        •  501 

WILLS— Con^/?iW^f/. 

the  following  States  onl.v  females  at  18  years;  Colorado,  District  of  Columbia,  Illinois,  Murylaud, 
Missouri,  \Va.shii!gton,  Wiscouf-in. 

In  the  followiner  states  peisons  of  18  years  maj'  dispose  of  personal  propei'ty  only:  Alabama, 
Arkansas,  Missouri,  Oregon,  Rhode  Island,  Virginia,  West  Virginia;  in  Georgia  anyone  over  14 years 
and  iiti46ui.siana  any  one  over  16  years  is  competent  to  make  a  vviU.  In  Colorado  persons  of  17  years, 
and  in  New  York  males  of  18  and  females  of  16  years  may  dispose  of  personalty.  W^itnksssks— 
MostW  the  States  reo^nire  two  witnesses,  exeeiitih  Connecticut  (3^  District  of  Columbia  (3),  Main ') 
(3),  Massachusetts  (3),  New  Hampshire  (3),  South  Carolina  (3),  Vermont  (3). 

■  An  Acknowledgment  is  the  act  of  declaring  the  execution  of  an  instrument  before  an  officer 
authorized  to  certify  to  such  declaration.  The  officer  certifies  to  the  fact  of  such  declaration,  and  to 
His  knowledge  of  the  person  so  declaring.  Conveyances  or  deeds  of  land  to  be  entitled  to  be  recorded 
rhust  first  be  acknowledged  before  a  proper  officer.  Most  of  the  States  have  forms  of  acknowledg- 
ments,which  should  be  followed. 

Acknowledgments  may  be  taken  in  genei-al  by  Notaries  Public,  .Justices  of  the  Peace,  .Judges 
or  Clerks  of  Courts  of  tiie  higlier  grades,  Registers,  Masters  iu  Chancery,  (Jourt  Commissioners, 
Town  Clerks,  Mayor  and  Clerks  of  incorporated  cities,  within  their  respective  .iurisdictions. 

The  requisites  to  a  valid  deed  are  the  same  in  general  as  other  contracts,  but  the  appointment 
of  an  attorney  to  execute  a  deed  for  another  person  must  in  general  be  executed  with  the  same 
formalities  requisite  to  the  deed  itself. 

SHAts  or  their  equivalent  (or  whatever  is  intended  as  such)  are  necessary  in  Alaska,  Connecticut, 
Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  Florida,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Maine,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Michi- 
gan, Minnesota,  Missouri,  New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Cai'oiina,  Oregon,  Penn- 
sylvania, South  Carolina,  Vermont,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  Wiscon.s1n.  Wyoming.  In  almost  all  the 
Slates  deeds  by  corporations  mtist  be  under  seal.  Forms  are  prescribed  or  indicated  by  the  statutes 
of  most  of  the  States  except  Connecticut,  Floi'ida,  Louisiana,  separatk  acknowjof.dgmknt  by  wife 
is  required  in  Alaska,  Arkansas,  Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  Florida,  Georgia,  Idaho.  Kentuck.y, 
Louisiana,  Montana,  Nevada,  New  Jersey,  North  Carolina,  Oregon.  Pennsylvania,  South  C;aroliua, 
Tennessee,  Texas.  Onk  Witness  to  the  execution  of  deeds  is  required  in  District  of  Columbia,  INfaine 
(customary),  Maryland,  I\ebra.ska,  New  Jersey  (usual),  Oklahoma,  Utah,  Wyoming.  Two  W^it- 
NEssics  to  the  execution  of  deeds  are  required  in  Arkansas,  Connecticut,  Florida,  Georgia,  Louisiana, 
Michigan,  Minnesota,  New  Hampshire,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Soutli  Carolina,  Texa.s,  Vermont,  Wisconsin. 


Negotiable  ?»jsti'!!me5ats,  the  common  forms  of  wliich  are  promissory  notes,  checks,  or  other 
bills  of  exchange,  while  having  the  same  general  requisites  as  other  contracts,  have  certain  distinct 
features.  The  purpose  of  the  law  is  to  facilitate  as  much  as  possible  their  free  passing  from  hand  to 
hand  like  currency.  The  assignment  of  an  ordinary  contract  leaves  the  assignee  in  no  ditterentpo- 
silion  for  enforcing  his  rights  than  that  of  his  a.ssignor,  but  one  who  takes  a  negotiable  instrument 
from  a  prior  holder,  without  knowledge  of  any  defences  to  it,  before  its  maturity,  and  gives  value  for 
it,  holds  it  free  of  any  defences  which  n)ight  liave  been  set  up  against  his  predecessors,  except  those  • 
defects  that  were  inherent  in  the  instrument  itself. 

To  be  negotiable  an  instrument  must  be  in  writing  and  signed  by  the  maker  (of  a  note)  or 
drawer  (of  a  bill  or  check). 

It  must  eonta!ii  an  unconditional  promise  or  order  to  pay  a  sum.  certain  in  money. 
Must  be  payable  on  demand,  or  at  a  fixed  future  time. 
Must  be  payable  to  order  or  to  bearer. 

In  a  bill  of  exciiange  (check)  the  party  directed  to  pay  must  be  reasonably  certain. 
Every  negotiable  instrument  is  presumed  to  have  been  issued  for  a  valuable  consideration,  and 
want  of  consideration  in  the  creation  of  the  instrument  is  not  a  defence  against  a  bona-fide  holder. 

An  instrnment  is  itegotiated,  that  is  completely  transferred,  so  as  to  vest  title  in  the  pur- 
chaser, if  payable  to  bearer,  or  indorsed  simi)ly  with  the  name  ol  the  last  holder,  by  mere  delivery,  if 
payable  to  order  Iw  the  indorsement  of  the  party  to  whom  it  is  payable  and  delivei'.v. 

One  who  transfers  an  instrument  by  indorsement  warrants  to' every  subsequent  holder  that  the 
instrument  is  geiuiine,  that  he  has  title  to  it,  and  that  if  not  paid  by  the  party  prin^arily  liable  at  ma- 
turity, he  will  pay  it  upon  receiving  due  notice  of  non-payment. 

To  hold  an  lndoi\ser  liable  the  holder  upon  its  non-payment  at  maturity  must  give  prompt 
notice  of  such  non-payment  to  the  indorser  and  that  the  holder  looks  to  the  iudorser  for  payment. 
Such  notice  should  be  sent  within  twentv-four  hours. 

When  an  indorser  is  thii.s  compelled  to  pay  he  may  hold  prior  parties  tlirongh  whom  he 
received  the  instrument  liable  to  him  by  sending  them  prompt  notice  of  iion-iaayment  upon  receiv- 
ing such  notice  from  the  bolder. 

One  who  transfers  a  negotiable  instrument  by  delfvery,  without  indorsing  it,  simply  warrants 
that  the  instrument  is  genuine,  that  he  has  title  to  it,  and  Knows  of  no  defence  to  it,  but  does  not 
agree  to  pay  it  if  unnaid  at  maturitv.  - 

The  maker  ofa  note  is  liafeie  to  pay  it  if  nnpaidat  maturity  without  any  notice  from  the 
holder  or  indorser. 

Notice  lo  one  of  several  partners  is  sufflcient  notice  to  all. 

\^'hen  a  check  is  certified  by  a  bank  the  bank  becomes  primarily  liable  to  pay  it  without  no- 
tice of  its  non-payment,  and  when  the  holder  of  a  check  thus  obtains  its  certification  by  the  bank,  the 
drawer  of  the  check  and  previous  indorsers  are  released  from  liability,  and  the  holder  looks  to  the 
bank  for  payment. 

A  bona-fide  liolder  ofa  negotiable  instrument,  that  is,  a  party  who  takes  an  instrument  regu- 
lar on  its  face,  before  its  maturity,  pays  value  for  it  and  has  no  knowledge  of  any  defences  to  it,  is 
entitled  to  hold  the  party  primarily  liable  i-esponsible  for  its  pajnnent.  despite  any  defences  he  may 
have  against  the  party  to  whom  he  gave  it,  except  such  as  rendered  the  instrument  void  in  its  incep- 
tion. Thus,  if  the  maker  of  a  note  received  no  value  for  it,  or  was  induced  to  issue  it  through  fraud 
or  imposition,  the.v  do  not  defeat  the  right  ofa  bona-fide  holder  to  compel  its  payment  from  him. 

The  follo^ving  State!*  have  enacted  a  similar  Negotiable  Instrument  Law:  Colorado,  Con- 
necticut, District  of  Columbia,  Florida.  IMarvland,  Massachusetts,  North  Carolina,  North  Dakota, 
Pennsylvania,  Oregon,  Rhode  Island,  Utah,  Virginia,  Washington,  Wisconsin,  New  York,  and  Ten- 
nessee—and  the  same  general  f  ules  apply  in  ^11  the  States. 


502  Dtstnhutlon  of  I)iteiitates   Personal  Estate, 

BfstintJUtCon  of  Kutcstatc'sf  J^evsonal  ISstate. 

The  following  is  a  synopsis  of  the  laws  of  the  various  States  providing  'for  the 
distribution  of  the  personal  estate  of  a  deceased  after  the  payment  of  funeral  expenses 
and  other  debts  where  there  Is  no  will: 

In  many  of  the  States  the  widow  and  children  are  entitled  to  receive  a  small 
portion  of  the  estate,  generally  varying  from  $100  to  $500,  before  the  claims  of  creditors 
are  paid.  Aside  from  such  exempt  portion  of  the  estate,  the  property  to  be  distributed 
to  the  widow   or  relatives  is   that  remaining  after  all  creditors'   claims  have  been   satisfied. 

The  following  is  the  plan  of  distribution  of  a  male's  property.  The  same  rules  apply 
to  a  female's  estate,  except  in  some  Statts,  where  the  rights  of  a  husband  in  thf>  estate 
of  his  deceased  wife  differ  from  those  of  a  wife  in  the  estate  of  her  deceased  husband, 
which    will    be   shown    in   a   separate    table. 

I.  In  all  States  where  the  deceased  leaves  a  child  or  children,  or  descendants  of  any 
deceased  child,  and  no  widow,  the  children  or  descendants  lake  the  entire  estate,  to  the 
exclusion  of  all  other  relatives.  The  children  take  equal  shares,  and  in  most  States  the 
descendants  of  a  deceased  child  together  take  the  share  of  their  parent,  except  where 
the  descendants  are  all  in  equal  degree  to  the  deo-ased  (all  grandchildren,  no  children 
surviving),  when  they  sliare  equally  and  do  not  take  their  proportionate  share  of  their 
pai-ent's    interest. 

Ko  statement  is  given  in  this  synopsis  of  the  law  of  Ivtuisiana.  which,  being  founded 
on  the  provisions  of  the  French  code  and  Rnman  law  instead  of  the  English  common 
law,  which  is  the*  underlying  principle  in  the  other  States,  differs  in  many  respects  from 
the  principles  followed  in  the  other  States,  especially  on  the  question  of  the  rights  of  a 
husband  and  wife  in  each  other's  property  and  in  the  prnpprty  a<'quired  by  the  husband 
and  wife  during  their  married  life.  The  provisions  of  the  law  of  Indiana  are  also  not 
included,  for  the  reason  that  for  an  accurate  statement  of  its  provisions  a  reading  of 
the  entire  statute  is  necessary,  together  with  the  decisions  of  the  Indiana  courts  con- 
struing its  provisions,  which  woit",d  occupy  too  much  space  for  a  statement  here. 

II.  (a>  If  deceased  leaves  a,  widow,  and  no  children  or  descendants,  the  widow  takes 
all.  This  Is  the  rule  in  Alabama,  Arizona,  Coloiado,  Florida,  Georgia.  Illinois.  Kansas, 
Minnesota,  Mississippi,  New  Mexico,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Tennessee,  Texas,  Wasliington,  West 
Virginia,   and  Wisconsin. 

(b»  In  the  following  States  the  widow  takes  one-half,  the  residue  being  taken  by  the 
other  relatives  in  the  manner  and  proportion  in  which  they  take  the  entire  estate  when 
the  deceased  leaves  neither  widow  or  descendants  (given  belowi:  Arkansas,  California, 
Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  Idaho,  Iowa,  Kentucky,  Maine,  M-iryland.  Missouri, 
Montana,  Nevada,  New  Jersey,  North  Carolina,  Oklahoma,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island, 
South  Carolina,  South  Dakota,  and  Virginia. 

(c)  In  Massachusetts,  North  Dakota,  and  Utah  the  widow  takes  the  entire  estate  up 
to  $,"i.t)00  and  one-half  of  the  residue. 

(lit  In  Connecticut  and  Vermont  the  widow  takes  the  entire  estate  up  to  $2,000  and 
one-half   the   residue. 

(e)  In  New  York,  in  case  deceased  leaves  a  father  surviving,  the  widow  takes  one- 
half;  if  no  father  surviving,   the  widow  takes  one-half  and  $2,000  in  addition. 

(f)  In  New  Hampshire  the  widow  takes  $1,500,  and,  if  the  estate  exceeds  $3,000,  one- 
half  of  the  residue. 

(g)  In  Wyoming  the  widow  takes  the  entire  estate  up  to  $10,000  and  three-fourths 
of  the   residue. 

(h)   In  Nebraska  the  widow  takes  the  use  of  the  entire  estate  for  her  life, 
(i)    In   Michigan    the    widow   takes   the   entire   estate   up   to   $3,000   and   one-half   of   the 
residue. 

III.  (a)  T\%en  the  deceased  leaves  a  widow  and  children,  or  descendants,  the  widow 
takes  one-third  and  the  children  share  equally  in  the  residue  in  the  following  States: 
Arizona,  Arkansas,  Connecticut,  Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Maine, 
Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Minnesota,  New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey.  New  York.  Ohio 
(one-half  if  less  than  $400),  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  South  Carolina,  Texas,  Vermont, 
Virginia,   and  West    Virginia. 

(b)  In  the  following  States,  if  there  be  but  one  child,  the  widow  takes  one-half  and 
the  child  one-half;  if  -two  or  tnore  children  or  their  descendants,  the  widow  takes  one- 
third,  as  above,  and  the  children  or  their  descendants  the  residue:  California,  Florida, 
Idaho,  Michigan,   Montana,   Nevada,  North  Dakota,  Oklahoma,   South  Dakota,  and  Utah. 

(c)  In  the  following  States  the  widow  takes  one-half  and  the  children,  or  descendants, 
the  residue:     Colorado,    Kansas,   Kentucky,   Oregon,   Washington,   and  Wyoming. 

(d)  In  the  following  States  the  widow  takes  the  same  share  as  each  of  the  children: 
Mississippi,    Missouri,    Nebraska,    Tennessee,   and   Wisconsin. 

(e)  In  North  Carolina,  if  there  are  less  than  three  children,  the  widow  takes  one- 
third  and  the  children  the  residue:  If  there  are  three  or  more  cliildren,  the  widow  takes 
the  same  share  as  each  of  the  children. 

(f)  In  Alabama,  if  there  Is  but  one  child,  the  widow  takes  one-half  and  the  child  one- 
half;  if  there  are  more  than  one  child  and  less  than  five  children,  the  widow  takes 
the  same  share  as  each  of  the  children;  if  there  are  five  or  more  children,  the  widow 
takes  one-fifth  and  the  children  or  their  descendants  share  equally  in  the  residue. 

(g»  In  Georgia,  if  there  are  less  than  five  children,  the  widow  takes  the  same  share 
as  each  of  the  children;  if  there  are  five  or  more  children,  the  widow  takes  one-fifth 
and  the  children   or   their  descendants   share  equally   in   the   residue. 

(h)  In  New  Mexico,  the  widow  takes  one-half  of  the  estate  acquired  during  marriage, 
otherwise  than  by  gift  (by  purchase,  for  example)  and  the  children  or  their  descendants 
share  equally  In  the  residue:  the  widow  also  takes  one-fourth  of  the  estate  acquired 
before  marriage,  or  by  gift  or  legacy  during  marriage,  the  children  or  their  descendants 
taking    the    residue. 

IV,  (a>  When  the  deceased  leaves  no  widow,  children  or  descendants,  the  parents 
take  the  entire  estate  in  equal  shares  in  the  following  States:  Alabama,  Arizona,  Cali- 
fornia,   Connecticut,    Idaho,    Iowa,    Kansas,    Kentucky,    Maine,    Massachusetts,    Michigan. 


Aronud  the    World  in  JPorty  Days.  n()"l 

"°~  DISI'RIBUTION  OF  INTESTATE'S  PERSONAL  ESTATE— CoJi/mued. 

Minnesota,  Montana,  New  Hampshire,  New  Mexico,  Pennsylvania,  Texas,  Utah,  Vermont, 
Washington,   Wisconsin,  and  Wyoming. 

In  all  of  the  States  Just  mentioned,  except  Alabama,  Arizona,  Maine,  and  Texas,  If 
one  parent  is  dead,  the  surviving  parent  takes  the  entire  estate,  to  the  exclusion  of 
brothers  and  sisters.  In  Alabama,  Arizona,  Maine,  and  Texas  the  surviving  parent  talies 
one-half  and   the   brothers  and  sisters,   or  their  descendants,    talte   the   residue. 

In  ail  of  them,  if  both  parents  are  dead,  the  brothers  and  sisters  and  their  descendants 
take    the   entire    estate. 

(b)  In  the  following  States  the  father,  if  living,  takes  the  entire  estate;  if  the  father 
Is  dead,  then  to  the  mother  and  brothers  and  sisters,  or  their  descendants  equally;  and 
If  both  parents  are  dead,  then  to  the  brothers  and  sisters,  or  their  descendants:  Florida, 
Maryland,  Nebraska,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Oklahoma,  Oregon,  Rhode  Island,  South 
Dakota,   Tennessee,   Virginia,   and  West  Virginia. 

(c)  In  the  following  States  the  father,  if  living,  takes  the  entire  estate;  if  the 
father  is  dead,  then  to  the  mother;  and  if  both  parents  are  dead,  then  to  the  brothers  and 
sisters,  or  their  descendants:  Arkansas,  Colorado,  District  of  Columbia,  Nevada,  North 
Carolina,   and  North  Dakota. 

(d)  In  the  following  States  the  parents,  if  living,  and  the  brothers  and  sisters,  or 
their  descendants,  take  the  entire  estate,  sharing  equally.  Georgia,  Illinois,  Mississippi, 
Missouri,   and   South   Carolina. 

(e)  In  Delaware  and  Ohio  the  brothers  and  sisters,  or  their  descendants,  take  the 
entire  estate  in  preference  to  the  parents,  who  only  inherit  if  there  are  no  brothers  or 
Bisters  or  lawful  issue  of  any  deceased  brothers  or  sisters. 

DISTRIBUTION    OF    FEMAI.,E'S    ESTATE. 
In    the    following   States,    if    the    deceased    was    a    married    woman,    the   rights    of   her 
surviving  husband   in   her  personal   estate   differ  from   the  rights  of  a   widow   in  the   estate 
of   her   deceased   husband   as   shown   in   the   above   synopsis. 

(a)  In  Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  New  Jersey,  North  Carolina,  Rhode  Island, 
and  Virginia  the  husband  takes  the  entire  personal  estate,  whether  there  is  any  issue 
of  the   marriage   or  not. 

(b)  In  New  York,  if  there  are  no  children  or  descendants  of  children,  the  husband 
takes   the   entire   estate. 

(c)  In  Florida,  Georgia,  and  Pennsylvania,  if  there  are  no  children  or  descendants, 
the  husband  takes  the  entire  estate;  if  there  are  children,  the  husband  takes  the  same 
share  as  each   child. 

(d)  In  Ohio  the  husband  takes  the  entire  estate  if  there  are  no  children  or  descendants; 
if  there  are  children   or  descendants,   they  take   the   entire  estate. 

(e)  In  Alabama  the  husband  takes  one-half  of  the  estate,  the  children,  or  descendants, 
taking   the   residue.  

SLato  IHxaminations  in  l^m  ¥nrt  <Statc. 

To  entitle  an  applicant  to  an  examination  as  an  attorney  and  counsellor  he  shall  pay  to' 
the  examiners  a  fee  of  $10,  and  he  must  prove  (15  days  in  advance)  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  State  Board  of  Law  Examiners:  1.  That  he  is  a  citizen  of  the  State,  twenty-one  years 
of  age,  and  that  his  residence  for  six  months  prior  to  the  examination  is  actual  and  not 
constructive,  which  proof  must  be  made  by  his  own  affidavit.  2.  That  he  has  studied  law 
in  the  manner  and  according  to  the  conditions  prescribed  for  a  period  of  three  years,  except 
that  if  the  applicant  is  a  graduate  of  any  college  or  university  his  period  of  study  may  be 
two  years  instead  of  three;  and  except  also  that  persons  who  have  been  admitted  as 
attorneys  in  the  higthest  court  of  original  jurisdiction  of  another  State  or  country,  and  have 
remained  therein  as  practicing  attorneys  for  at  least  one  year,  may  be  admitted  to  such 
examination  after  a  period  of  law^  study  of  one  year  within  this  State.  3.  That  the  appli- 
cant has  passed  the  regents'  examination  or  its  equivalemt  must  be  proved  by  the  production 
of  a  certified  copy  of  the  regents'  certificate  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals. 

Address  communications  concerning  law  examinations  to  F.  M.  Danaher,  Secretary, 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

^roun^  tf)e  smorltr  in  JFort^  Ba^s* 

The  shortest  time  around  the  world  is  claimed-,to  have  been  made  by  Lieut. -Col.  Burnley 
Campbell,  who  left  Liverpool  on  May  3,  1!)07,  and  on  his  return  landed  at  Dover  on  Jun.^ 
13,  covering  the  circuit  in  40  days  and  19%  hours.  If  he  had  caught  the  St.  Petersburg 
express  at  Berlin  he  would  have  reduced  this  time  by  several  hours.  The  itinerary  was  as 
follows: 

Left  Liverpool  on  May  3  at  7.20  P.  M.;  arrived  at  Quebec  on  May  10,  3  P.  M.,  leaving  by 
Canadian  Pacific  oversea  transcontinental  mail  train  at  5  P.  M. 

Reached  Vancouver  on  May  19  at  5  A.  M,;  sailed  at  12.30  P.  M.  by  Canadian  Pacific 
mail  steamer. 

Arrived  at  Yokohama  on  May  26  at  5  A.  M.;  departed  on  May  27,  at  7  P.  M. 

Reached  Tsaruga  on  May  28  at  9.30  A.  M.,  leaving  at  6  P.  M.  by  Japanese  steamer, 
which  reached  Vladivostok  on  May  30  at  2.1.j  P.   M. ;  took  trans-Siberian  train  at  7  P.   M. 

Arrived  at  Harbin  on  May  31  at  7.25  P.  M.;  left  at  8.30  P.  M.;  reached  Irkutsk  on 
June  4  at  6.30  P.   M. 

Arrived  at  Moscow  on  June  10  at  2.38  P.  M.;  left  at  6  P.  M. 

Arrived  at  Warsaw  on  June  11  at  9.30  A.  M.;  left  at  1.30  P.  M. 

Arrived  at  Berlin  on  June  12  at  11.35  A.   M.,  departing  at  11.40  A.  M. 

Arrived  at  Cologne  on  June  12  at  9.08  P.   M.;  left  at  11.1.")  P.   M. 

Arrived  at  Ostend  on  June  13  at  7.30  A.  M. ;  left  at  11  A.  M. 

Aarived  at  Dover  on  June  13  at  l.iA)  P.  M. Railway  Aije. 


504  Statistics  of  Principal  Fraternal  Organizations, 

NOTICE— The  following  data  couceniiiig  Frateriuil  OrgaiiizHtions  is  baser!  upon  the  latest  infer* 
matioa  obtainable,  but  is  i^iibject  to  tbe  frequent  changes  incidental  to  the  formation  of  these  bodies. 

American  Benefit  Society.— Founded  1893;  sub-lodges,  140;  members.  6,000;  benefits  dis- 
bursea  since  organization,  $460,000  ;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  $67,250;  President,  W.  H. 
Carberry,  Boston,  Mass.:  Secretary^  A.  H.  Bacon,  Melrose,  Mass'.;  Treasurer,  VVilliaoa  W.  Towie* 

Boston,  Mass. 


Headquartere,  R,iclimoud,  Va. 

Bell  Hiir,  Tribe  of.— Founded  1894;  Snpretne  f  erhple,  Crdn-fordstille,  Tnd. ;  Subordinate 
courts  '  '" ""  '         "■*  ""■'  ^-- J.  ^    •  -     ■•        _...„.  .         

last  tis 
C  Sny( 

481 

por 

B 

bene 

j\ta 

Leon 

Brctlierliootl  of  American  Yeoiiiei:.— Founded  1897;  subordinatehomesteads,l,4'r5;  mem- 
bers, 61,071;  benefits  disbursed  since  org-anizalion.  i?2,lyl, 626:  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  vear. 
$466,232;  President,  Willium  Koch;  Seciretaiy,  W.  i:.  Davy;  Treasurer. G.  M.  Read.  Address  of 
olBcers,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

( 
me  I 
year, 
N.  '" 

Catiiolic  Kui£;hts  of  America.— Founded  1877;  subordinate  councils,  700;  members,  19,800; 
benefits  disbursed  sirioe  organization,  S14<800. 000;  benfctils  disbursed  bust  fiscal  year,  8125.175; 
Supreme  President,  Felix  Gaiuiin,  New  Orleans,  La.;  Supreme  Vice-Presi<lent,  Iltibest  J» 
Crogiian.  Providence,  R  I.;  Supreme  Secretary,  Aathouy  Slatre,  St*  Louis,  Mo.  ^  Supreme  Treas- 
urer. Charles  E.  Hannauer,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Catiiolic  3Iuti3ai  Benefit  Association.— Founded  1876;  grand  State  councils,  7;  Bub- 
Ordinale  branches.  756;  members,  rjS.634;  benefits  disbursed  smce  brganizatlori,  t?17.091,029; 
benefits  uis;)nrs-;l  last  fiscal  vear,  $1,333,590;  Suprema  President,  John  ,T.  HA-nes  BulValo.  N.  Y.  ; 
Supreme  Recorder,  Joseph  Cameron,  Hdrueil,  H.  Y. ;  Supreme  Ttetisuref,  William  Mueuch, 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.  _..._._ 

Court  of  Honor.— Founded  XS95;  district  courts,  1,152;  members.  57.163;  benefits' disbursed 
since  organization,  $4,409,498;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  vear,  $534^i)36;i  Chancellor,  A.  L. 
Hereford.  Spinngfield,  111.  ;  ReColrcler,  W.  E,  Robiusbii,  SpWiig-fleld,  111. ;  Tre&suref ,  B.  F.  Work- 
luau,  Auburn,  111.  ,     .      ;     .■ 

I)iri:i<is,  UnlteU  Ancient  Ofder  of.— Founded  1781  (in  BTnglatidli,  18.^9  (in  A.merica);  nhmbe^ 


Eaj^Ies^  Order  of.— Poiinded  1889;  merhbers,  275.5SS;  betreftts  disbhr.sefd.  since  or^auiiatfoti; 
S2. 601, 719;  benefits  disbui-Sed  last  ti-cal  yeai-,  $l,()97,o09;  President,  Edwat^d  Krause.  Wilmington, 
Del.  ;  Secretary,  Conrad  H.  Mann,  Milwaukee.  Wis.  ;  Ti-easurer,  Frank  E.  Hcriug,  South  Bend,  Ind; 

E.'k.is,  !»eiievole!!t  and  t*riiTeciiv'e  Gr»Ier  oT.- Fouiided  1SG8;  grand  lodge,  1;  pub-lodges 
1.094;  members  in  the  United  States,  260,0u0;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  $376,491;  C^nuid 
Exalted  llulcr,  .John  K.  Tener,  Charleroi,  Pa. ;  Secretary,  Fred.  C  Robiiisou,  Dubuque,  Iowa; 
Treasurer,  l^dward  Leach,  N.  Y.  City. 

Foresferrt,  Aucieot  Order  ©i'.-Founded  1745;  established  in  America  1836.  The  American 
branch  is  composed  of  3  high  comisand  423  suoordinate  courts,  and  has  41,008  members  'iotai 
membership  throughout  the  world  921,085.  as  stutedi)y-the  Foresters'  Directory  December  31.1906. 
The  surplus  funds  of  the  society  amounted  t,o  §43,178,270,  aud  its  assets  aggregated  $82,000,000. 
Benefits  disbursed  since  1630,  f  131, 000, OOQ ;  i)eiieflt3  disbursed  last  fl^otil  year,  over  5:^,340,855. 
Officers  of  the  American  branch  areas  follows:  lligli  Chief  Tlt^nger,  Thomas  Hollows,  Lawrence, 
Mtiss. ;  High  Sub-Chief  Ranger,  Cliar  es  Jacobsoii,  New  York  Ciiv;  Hi^a  Court  Treasuroi'i  T.  J. 
Scott, Summit,  N.  J.:  Secretary, Robert  A.  Sibbald,Park  Ridge,  N.  J.  .      , 

Foresters  of  America.- Is  a  distinct  organization,  not  In  aifiliation  with  the  alx)ve.  Its 
pre.seu.l  juri-sdlction  isjlmiledto  the  United  States.  Founded  1804,  reorgaaized  1889;  grand  courts, 
18;  sub-court-s,  1.8(2;  members,  248,647;  benefits  ^bsbursed  since  organization,  ^21,373,288; 
benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  S3, 897, 255;  Supreme  Chief  RangeP.  .Foha  J.  OM.^radv,  New 
York;  Supreme  Snb-Cliief  Ranger,  .1.  E.  Lyddy,  Bridgeport.  Gt.  ;  Supreme  Trettsurcr,  .John  J. 
(inwrin,  Philadelphia,  Pa»  ;  Supreme  Secretary,  E.  M.  McMurtry,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  Supreme  Re- 
cording Secretary,  P.  J.  Brown,  Worcester,  ]Nia.ss. 

r'orestets.  Independent  Or<!ftr  of.— Founded  1874}  high  courts.  67;  subordinate  courts, 
4,2.'jU;  meml)ers  2.">6,0o5;  benefits  disbursed  since  oi-ganization,  $23,639,649;  benefits  disbursed  last 
fi  i-;d  .Tear,  $2,411,184;  Supreme  Cliief  Rauger,  E.  Q.  Stevensom  Toronto,  Ontario;  Vice-Chief 
R.i!iger,  J.  D.  Clark,  Dayton,  O. ;  Secretary',  Robert  Mathisou,  Toronto;  Treasurer,  Harry  A. 
Collins,  Toronto.  .    . 

Fraternal  BrotUerhood,— Founde  1  1896;  subordinate  lodges,  450;"members,  34.000;  benefits 
disbursed  since  organization.  $.926,8<>9:  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  $230,056;  President,.!.  A. 
loshay;  Vice-Pre.sidon't,  Emma  R.  Neidig;  Secretary,  ll.  V^  Davis;  Treasurer,  William  Mead. 
All  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

!'>aternnl  Union  of  America.— FoiUtdf<l  18SX>;  graiul  lodge,  1:  locallodgcs,  640;  members, 
28(687;  benefits  disbursed  Hiuceorgauizatiou,  $1,608,448;  benefits  disbui-sed  last  fiscal  year,  $216,- 


iStatisties  of  Principal  J^raternal  Organizations.  505 

STATISTICS  OP  PRINCIPAL  FRATERNAL  ORaA>^IZATIQNS— CoHfmita?. 


067;  President,  F.  Fv  Roose;  Vice-President,  John  L.  Handley;  Secretary,  Samuel  S.  Baiy;  Treas- 
urer,  Willis  M.  Marshall.    AH  in  Denver,  Col. 

Free  Sons  of  Israel,  Independent  Order  of.— Pourided  1849;  grand  lodges,  3;  subordinate 
lodges,  10:3;  members,  10,862;  benefits'  disbursed  since  organization  (ondowinoat),  $4,705,000; 
benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  $247,084;  (4vand  Hytaster,  M.  S.  Stern,  2013  FiftU  Avenue, 
New  York  City; Secretary,  Abraham  Hofer,  1161  JVladisou  Avenqe, New  Yoric  City ;  Tifeasurer,  Louis 
Frankeiithaler,  New  York  City. 

Goidcn  Cross,  United  Order  of.— Founcjed  1876;  grand  coTnmarj4erie.!5,  10;  sut)ordinate 
comraanderies,  571;  members,  20,010;  benefits  disl)drsed  smce  organization,  $9,135,775;  benefits 
disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  $441,184;  Supreme  Commander,  J.  P.  Burlingame,  Proviflenoe,  P.  I.; 
Supreme  Keeper  of  Becords,  W.  li.  Cooper,  Knoxville,  Tenn. ;  Supreme  Treasurer,  J.N.  Ji}hle,  Wash- 
ington, D.  CL 

Good  Fellows,  Roya!  Society  of.— Founded  1882;  subordinate  assemblies,  175;  jiiembers, 
4,5'29;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $5,384,668;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  |?!^26,- 
900;  Premier,  Thomas  L.  Ferris,  Boston;  Secretary,  A.  J.  Bates,  BostoQ;  Treasurer,  James  (i. 
Whitehouse,  Providence,  R.  I, 

rieptasophs.  Improved  Order.— Pounded  1878;  conclaves,  807;  members,  76,210;  benefits 
disbursed  since  organization,  $12,681,697;  benefits  disbursed  lasc  fiscal  year,  $l,284;,9y6;  Supreme 
Archon,  M.  G.  Couen,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  ;  Slipreme  Provost,  Thos.' P.  Hicks,  Kichiiiond,  Ya'.  ;  Supreip.e 
Secretary,  Samuel  l£.  Tattersall,  Paltimore,  Md. ;  Supreme  Treasurer,  C.  H.  Batasay,  Boston.. 

liihernian^  of  Aroerit^n.,  AncJeJit  Order  of.— Foiiutied  3836;  State,  Provincial  atid  Terri- 
torial Boards,  50;  divisions,  '2,465;  members,  217,000;  beuetits  disbursed  sluce  organization, 
$27;892,7.)0;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  $672,000;  National  President,  Bfatthew  Cnmmiuga. 
Boston,  Mass. ;  National  Vice-President,  Jarnea  J.  Began,  St.  Paul,  Minn;  National  Seqretaj'y, 
James  T.  Carrojl,  Columbus,  O.  ;  National  Treasurer,   JoliuF.  Quinu,  Joliet,  111, 

Irish  CRtholic  Benevolent  Union.— Founded  1869;  subordinate  societies,  154;  nieirjbevs, 
14,'<57;  benefits  disbursed  since  18/8,  $2,'4o5, 242;  benefits  disbursed  last  two  fiscal  years,  $72,342; 
President,  J)an;el  Dutfy,  Pottsville.  Pa.;  First  Vice-President,  T.  J.  Gilhool,  Carbondale,  Pa.; 
Treasurer,  aiartiu  P,  Feeney,  Providence,  B.  I.  ;  Secretary,  Frank  P.  McCue,  Philadelphia. 

Knights  and  l^adies  of  Honor.— Founded  1877;  grand  lodges.  14;  sub-lodges,  1,375;  mem- 
bers, 96,200;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $25,500,000;  benefits  disbui-sed  last  fiscal  year, 
i^l,40O,OOO;  Supreme  Protector,  L.  B.  Lockard,  Indianapolis,  Ind.  ;  Secretai'y,  Gtieorge  D.  Tait, 
Indianapolis,  Ind.;  Treasurer,  George  A.  Byrd,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Knig-hts  of  ColnmbHs.- Founded  1882;  National  council,  1;  suborcjinate  councils,  1,227: 
members,  188,142;  benefits  disbui-sed  since  organization,  $8,153,825  ;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal 
year,  $357,500;  Supreme  Knight,  Edward  L.  Hearn,  New  Haven,  Ct.;  Deputv  Supreme  Knight, 
James  A.  Flaherty,  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  National  Secretary,  Daniel  Col  well.  New  Haven,  Ct. ;  Natjopal 
Treasurer,  P.  J.  lirady,  Cleveland.  O.  '  •  '  ; 

Knisfhts  of  Honor.— Founded  1873;  grand  lodgfes,  36;  subordinate  lodges,  1,672:  memherg, 
40,126;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  ^86,^92,268;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year, 
$2,741,885;  Supreme  Dictator,  J.  (J.  ^sheppard,  Edgefield,  S.  C.  ;  Supreme  Beporter,  Koala  JVI> 
Givan.,  St.  T.ouis,  Mo.  ;  Supreme  Treasurer,  Frank  B.  Sliger,   St.  Louis,  Mo.  '     ,      ' 

Knighta  of  il!a!ta,  Ancie^it  and  IlinstrioHs  tirc}er.— Founded  in  Jerusalem,  104^;  ^i,an.d 
comsnanderies,  5;  sub-commanderies,  255;  meniber.s,  28, 000;  t'e'nefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year, 
$44,000;  Supi-eme  Commander,  B.  Kei->nan,  Wilmington,  Del.  ;  Supreme  Becorder;  Frank  Gray, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  Supreme  Treasurer,  W.  J.  Bugh,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.    ' 

K.nij^hts  of  Ht,. John  and  31a,! ta.— Founded  1883;  grand  encampment,  1;  subordinate  encamp- 
ments, 64;  members,  3,312;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $663,088;  benefits  disbursed  last 
fiscal  year,  $5Q,8iO;  Grand  Commander,  John  P.  Ogdeh,  New  York  ;  Gi'and  Chancellor,  Francis 
Houghtaling,New  York ;  Grand  Almoner,  Arthur  H.  Titus,  New  York, 

Kijig'ht.'a  of  the  Golden  Eag-le«— Founded  1873:  grand  castles,  15;  sub- castles,  802;  members, 
73.000;  Supreme  Cliief,  Mi  Manchester,  New  Haven,  Ct.  ;  Master  of  Becords,  A.  C.  Lyttle, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  Keeper  of  the  Excliequer,  V/illiam  C'ulbertson,  Phiiadelphia,  Pa. 

ii.nJght.'S  of  5;Ue  .llaccabees  of  tlie  iyori^.— Founded  1883;  great  oamns,  9:  subordinate 
tents  and  hives,  4, 900;  members,  oOO.OOQ-  benefit.s  dLsbiireed  siJice  organization,  $3l,800,OOQ; 
benefits  disbursed  la.st  fiscal  .year,  $3,500,000;  Supreme  Comnuinder,  D.  P.  Markey;  Supreme 
Becord  Keeper,  L.  E.  Si,sler.'  OHices  are  located  at  Port  Hufon,  Mich. 

Ii.|iight8  of  the  iflodei-n  3|accabees  (orisrinal  order).— Founded  in  1881;  subordinate  tents, 
1.335;  members,  315,000;  total  benefits  paid,  !?11,486,331;  i)eiiefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year, 
$1,182,516;  Great  Commander,  N.  S.  Boynton,  Port  Huron.  Midi. ;  Great  Lioiitenaut-Commander, 
Charles  H.Thomas,  Hasling.s,  Mic^j.  ;  Great  Becord  Keeper,  A.  ^\,  Slay,  Pqrt  Huron,  Mich.;  Great 
Finance  Keeper,  Eobert  J.  Whaley,  Flint,  Mich, 


mc 

$"" 

Boyer,  Erie,  Pa.  ;    Supreme  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Felice  M.  Girardot,  Detroit,"  Mich. 

Ladies  of  the  Maccabees  ©f  the  World.— Founded  1892:  great  liives,  3;  subordinate 
hives,  2,719;  member.s',  155.860;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $5,602,944;  benefits  di.s- 
bnrsed  last  fiscal  year,  $686,046;  Supreme  Commander,  Lillian  M.  Hollister,  Defroit,  Mich.- Becord 
Keeper,  Bina  M.  West,  Port  Huron.  Mich. ;  Finance  Keeper,  Nellie  C.  V.  Heppert,  Akron,  Ohio 


subordinate  rulings,  378; 
(inefits  disbunsed  last  fi.scal 

„,     .    .     ,  ...  ^„ ,    _.    —    _,    , .-,-^aia,    Pa.;   Becorder,  J.    D. 

Myers,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  Treasurer,  A.  H.  Swartz,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Myotic  Workers  of  the  World.— Founded  1896;   errand  lodge,  1;  subordinate  lodges,  805; 
membeis,  44,133;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $1,576,092;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal 


506  Statistics  of  Principal  Fraternal  Organizations. 


STATISTICS  OP  PRINCIPAL  FRATERNAL  ORGANIZATIONS-a>/><i?iued. 


year,  S3isai2;  Supreme  Secretary,  Edmund  Jackson,  Fulton, IlL  ;Supieme  Banker.  A.  P.Sclioch 
Ottawa,  IIL 

National  Provident  Onion.— Founded  1883;  sub-councils.  46;  members,  8.946;  benefits  dis- 
bursed since  organ Izixtloii,  $2,408,026;  benefits  disbuised  iaat  fiscal  year,  $85,750;  President, 
David  M.  Evans  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  ;  Vice-President,  Wm.H,  Pond,  Hartford, Ct.j  Secretary,  Frank 
E.  Currier,  Brooklyn,  N.  V.;  Treasurer,  A.  C.  Jacobson,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

benefits  disbursed  since 
President,   Wm.    H. 

,      3  _^  .        .  .,  .       .  ,       .  r»  Charles  O.  Evarts, 

Cleveland,  O. 


Boston 

Order  of  Gleaners.— Founded  1894;  subordinate  lodges,  1,000;  members,  56,000;  benefits  dis- 
bursed since  organization.  §744,521;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  $162,291;  Supreme  Chief 
Gleaner,  Ara  Collins,  Charlotte,  Mich.;  Secretary,  G.  H.  Slocum,  Caro,  Mich.;  Treasurer,  J.  M. 
Ealy,  Caro,  Mich. 

Pilg^rim  Fathers,  United  Order  of.— Founded  1879;  supreme  colony,  1;  subordinate  col- 
onies, 198;  members,  19,634;  benefits  disbui-sed  since  organization,  $6,862,880;  benefits  disbursed 
last  fiscal  year,  $473,000;  Supreme  Governor,  E.  O.  Foster,  Salem,  Mass.;  Supreme  Secretary, 
Nathan  Crary,  Lawrence,  Mass. ;  Supreme  Treasurer,  A.  V.  Bugbee,  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Protected  Home  Circle.— Founded  1886  ;  grand  councils,  9  ;  sub-councils,  630;  members, 
60.771:  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $3,800,500  ;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  vear, 
8514,960;  President,  A.  C.  McLean;  Vice-President,  A,  W.Williams;  Secretary,  W.  S.  Palmer; 
Treasurer,  Alex.  McDowell.     Ollices,  Sharon,  Pa. 

.  Recliabitcs,  Independent  Order  of.— Founded  1835  (in  England),  1842  (in  America);  num- 
ber of  tents  in  America,  3;  sub-tents,  1,157;  members,  488,000;  benefits  disi)ursed  since  organiza- 
tion, $10,000,000;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year  in  America,  $250,000.  High  Chief  Ruler, 
Wayne  W.  Cordell,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  High  Deputv  Ruler,  Ro»)t.  Smith,  Doiiaconing,  Md.  ;  High 
Secretary,  John  C.  Moore,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  High  Treasurer.  Mrs.  M.  J.  Ellis,  Coraopolis,  Pa. 

Red  :>Ien,  Improved  Order  of,— Founded  1763  and  1834;  great  councils,  59;  tribes,  4,460; 
members,  406,774;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $20,515,300;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal 
year,  §1,060,726;  Great  Incohonee,  W.  A.  S.  Bird,  Topeka,  Kan.  ;  Great  Senior  Sagamore, 
Joseph  Farrar,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Great  Chief  of  Records,  Wilson  Brooks,  Chicago,  111.;  Great 
Keeper  of  Wampum,  Wm.  Pi-ovin,  Westfield,  Mass. 

Royal  Iieague.- Founded  1883;  advisory  councils,  9;  subordinate  councils.  206;  members, 
29,000;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $5,337,044;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  .S565,- 
327 ;  Supreme  Archou,  W.  E.  Hyde,  Chicago;  Scribe,  Charles  E.  Piper,  Chicago  Treasurer,  Holmes 
Hoge,  Chicago,  111. 

Scottish  Clans,  Order  of.— Founded  1878;  grand  clans,  2;  subordinate  clans,  124;  members, 
10,4i>0;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $1,200,000;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year, 
$1,200,000;  Roj'al  Chief,  John  Hill,  St  Louis,  Mo. ;  Royal  Secretary,  Peter  Kerr,  Boston,  Mass.  ; 
Roya  Treasurer,  David  King,  New  York  City. 

Shield  of  Honor.— Founded  1875;  grand  lodges, 6;  sub-lodges,  121;  members.  10.243;  bene- 
fits disbursed  since  organization,  $2,043,750;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  j-ear,  §143,450;  Supreme 
Master,  Joseph  C.  Legrand,  Baltimore,  Md.;  Secretary,  Wm.  T.  Henry,  Baltimore,  Md- ;  Treas- 
urer, John  W.  Meeks,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Star  of  Bethlehem)  Order  of  the.— Permanently  established  In  America  1869:  Eminent 
Grand  Comraandery  of  N,  A.  reorganized  and  incorporated  in  1884;  subordinate  lodges,  287;  mem- 
bers, 19,000;  insurance  auxiliary.  The  Eastern  Star  Benevolent  Fund.  3,000  members;  benefits  paid 
Bince  organization,  $59,500;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year,  $5,631;  Commander.  R.  H.  Blais- 
dell,  Sheridan,  Mich.;  Secretary,  M.  E.  Crowe,  Detroit, Mich,  j  Treasurer,  F.  C.  Reichlin,  Detroit, 
Mich. 

Union  Fraternal  League.— Founded  1889;  grand  assemblles,6;  subordinate  assemblies,  150; 
members,  3,000;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $147,289;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year, 
$14,877;  President,  John  Merrill,  Boston;  Vice-President.  P.  J.  Tetrault,  Holyoke,  Mass.; 
Secretary,  J.  F.  Reynolds,  Boston;  Treasurer,  J.  C.  Barthelmes,  Brooklinc,  Mass. 

United  American  Mechanics,  Order  of.— Founded  1845;  State  councils,  14;  sub-councils, 
559;  members,  36,554;  National  Councilor,  F.  Z.  Jones,  Rome,  N.  Y.;  National  Secretary,  John 
feerver,  Philadelphia,  Pa,;  National  Treasurer,  Joseph  H.Shinn,  Camden.  N.  J. 

United  American  Mechanics,  Junior  Order  of.— Founded  1853;  State  councils,  33;  sub- 
councils,  1,812;  members,  177.553;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $5,815,024;  benefits  dis- 
bursed last  fiscal  vear,  $658,935;  National  Councilor,  H.  C.  Schaertzer,  San  Francisco.  Cal.;  Vice- 
Councilor.  H.  L.  W.  Taylor,  Newport,  Tenn. ;  Secretary,  M.  M.  Woods,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Treas- 
urer, Charles  Heimer.  Baltimore,  Mri.  _  __. 

United  Workmen,  Ancient  Order  of.— Founded  1868;  grand  lodges,  31;  sub-lodges,  3,818; 
membei-s,  234,952;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $159, 000, (XK) ;  benefits  disbursed  last 
fiscal  year,  86.798,766;  Master  Workman,  Will.  M.  Narvis.  Muscatine,  Iowa;  Recorder,  M.  W. 
Sackett.  ^feadville.  Pa.  ;  Receiver,  H.  B.  Dickinson,  Buffalo,  N.  Y 

W<  "  "^  -   --    - 


camps, 
disbursed 

Hawes,  Hock  Island,  111.'  ^         .       ,.      .                    -  ooo 

Woodmen  of  the  World.— Founded  1890;  sovereign  campSj^  3;  subordinate  camps,  7,888 j 

meml 

year. 

Omaha,  Neb.  ;  Adviser,  W.  A.  Eraser,  Dallas,  Tex.  ,      ^.  „     nntx 

Yeomen  of  America.-Founded  1898;  National  council.  1?  subordinate  councils,!^;  mem. 
bers,  12,715;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  8262,040;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal  year, 
$42,779;  President,  Fred.  li.  Silsbee,  Oregon.  111.;  Vice-President,  CL  D.  Judd"  Secretary,  John  L. 
Walker;  Treasurer,  William  (ieofge.    lle{wlquarters,  Aurora,  HI. 


voodmen  oi  tue  worm.— rounnea  xoyu;  sovereitrn  funip^,  o;  ouuuiuiutxic  «.niii>j.^,  «,<j.ju, 
ibers,  505,398;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $33,775,255;  benefits  disbursed  last  fiscal 
.  $4,652,941;  Sovereign  Commander.  Joseph  Cullen  Root,  Omaha,  Neb. ;  Clerk,  John  T.  Yates, 


The   Stage. 


507 


^ijr  <Stafic. 


BIKTHPLACES  AND   BIRTH   YEARS  OF   LlVl.Nc;    DRAMATIC   AND   MUSICAL  PEOPLE. 


Naue. 


Abbott,  Bessie 

Adams,  Maude 

Ade,  lieOFffe 

Alb:iiii,  Kiiimu 

AleXHiuliT,  George 

Allen,  Viola 

Anderson,  Mary 

Anglin,  M»r^aret 

Arden,  Edwin 

Arliiur,  Julia 

Abhwell,  Lena 

Baird,  Dorothea 

Bancroft,  Sir  Squire  B 

Bancroft,  Lady    

B.iHgs,  Frank  C 

Barnabee,  Henry  Clay 

llarrynsore,  Eihel 

Baleman,  Isabel 

Uateinan,  Kate 

Bates,  Blanche 

Beere,   Mrs.  Bernard 

Belasco,  David  

Bell,  Uiijbv 

Bellew,  Kyrle 

Bernard,  Sam 

Bernhardt,  Sarah 

Biii;ch=^ni,  Amelia 

Bisphain,  David 

Booth,  Agnes 

Bourchier,  Arthur 

Brady,  William  A , 

Buchanan,  Virginia 

Burgess,  Neil 

Burroughs,  Marie 

Burke,  Billie 

Byron,  Oliver  Deud 

Calve,  Emma 

Campbell,  Mrs.  Patrick 

Carle,  Richard , 

Carey,  Eleanor 

Carter,  Mrs.  Leslie 

Chase,  Pauline 

Clarke,  Crestou 

Ciarke,  Marguerite 

Claxton,  Kate   

Coghlan,  Rose 

Cohan,  tjeorge  M 

Compton ,  Edward 

Conquest,  Ida 

Conned,  Heinrich 

Coquelin,BenoitC 

Courtleigh,  William. 

Coyne,  i  oseph 

Crabtree,  Lotta 

Crane,  \Villiani  H 

Crosiiian,  Henrietta 

Daly,  Arnold 

Danirosch,  Walter  J 

Daniels,  Frank 

Davis,  Fav 

D'Arville,  Caniille 

De  Angelis,  JeSerson 

De  Belleville,  Frederic 

De  Koven,  H.  L.  Reginald... 
De  Merode,  Cleo. 


Birthplace. 


Born. 


RiTerdale,  N.  V 

Salt  L-\ke  City,  Utah... 

Indiana,  III..' 

Chanibly,  Canad.i 

Reading,  England 

Alabama 

Sacramento,   Cal 

Ottawa,  Canada 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Hamilton,  Out 

England 

England 

England 

England 

Alexandria,   Va 

Portsmouth,  N.  H 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Cincinnati,  O 

Baltimore,  Md 

Portland,  Ore 

Norfolk 

San  Francisco 

Milwaukee,   Wis 

London   . . . 

Birmingham,  Eug 

Paris 

Hickville,  O 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Australia 

England 

San  Francisco 

Cincinnati,  O 

Boston,   Mass 

San  Francisco 

Washington 

Baltimore,  Md 

Aveyron,  France 

London 

Sonierville,  Mass 

Chile,  S.A 

Lexington,  Ky 

Washington 

Philadelphia 

Cincinnati 

New  York  City 

Petersboro,  England. . . 

Providence,  R.  I 

London 

Boston 

Bielitz,  Aust 

Boulogne,    France 

Guelpli,  Ont 

N  ew  York 

New  York  City 

Leicester,    Mass 

Wheeling,  W.  Va 

New  York 

Breslau,  Prussia 

Boston,  Mass 

Boston,  Mass 

Holland 

San  Francisco 

Belgium 

Middletown,  N.  H. . . . 
I  Paris  , 


De   Reszke,  Edouard I  Warsaw,  Poland . 

Warsaw,  Poland. 
New  York  City.. 
Boston,  Mass.... 

London 

Boston,  Mass. ... 

Canada 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Vigevano,  Italy.. 
Shanghai,  Chin.i  . 

Cincinnati 

Baltimore,  Md. . . 
Rockland,  Me.... 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

England 

New  York 

Indiana.. 

New    Orleans.... 

New  York 

St.  Louis,  Mo 


De  Reszke,  Jean 

De  Wolfe,  Elsie , 

Dixey,  Henry  E , 

Dod.son,.1ohn  E. , 

Dorr,  Dorothy 

Dressier,  Marie 

Drew,  John 

Duse,  Eleanora 

Eames,  Emma  Haydea 

Earle,  Virginia 

E<.ieson,  Robert 

Elliott,  Marine 

Ellsler,  Effie 

Eytinge,  Rose 

Farersham,  William.  . 

Field.s  Lewis 

Fischer,  Alice 

FIsVe,  Minnie  Msddem 

Ptch,  Clvde  

Fox.Della.. 

Frohmao,  Chas Ibandusky.O 

Frohman,  Daniel Isandusky,  O 


18<«5 

1872 

1S66 

1852 

1S58 

1865 

1859  ■ 

1876 

1864 

1869 

ls79 

1S75 

1841 

1839 

ls36 

1833 

18-sO 

1>54 

1843 

Lx73 

18o6 

186i 

1651 

l'^55 

1863 

1844 

18ii9 

1857 

1843 

1863 

1^65 

1846 

1*46 

1866 

1886 

1847 

1864 

1864 

1671 

1852 

1862 

1885 

1865 

1887 

1848 

18.^0 

18:8 

1854 

KTO 

1855 

1841 

1867 

1870 

1847 

1845 

1865 

1575 

ISfii 

1860 

1872 

lh63 

1859 

1850 

1859 

1874 

1*55 

1n50 

1865 

1859 

1857 

1867 

1869 

18:.3 

18r.9 
1.X68 
1875 
1863 
ls71 
1858 
1S37 
1868 
1867 
1875 
1865 
1865 
1871 
1.SS8 
1)»0 


Name. 


Gailand,  Bertha 

George,  Grace 

Geruion,  EtHe 

(ierster,  Etelka 

(iilbert,  Williams 

Gillette,  William , 

Oilman,  Mabelle 

Glaser,  Lulu 

Goodwin,  Nat  C 

H.ackett,  James  K 

Hading,   Jane 

Hall,  Pauline , 

Hammerstein,  Oscar 

Hare,  John 

Hamed,  Virginia 

Harrigan,  Edward 

Harrison,  Maud 

Hauk,  Minnie 

Hanptmann ,  Gerhard 

Haw  trey,  Charles 

Held,  Anna 

Heron,  Bijou 

Herbert,  Victor 

Hilliard,  Robert  S 

I  Hitchcock,  Raymond 

1  Holland,  Edmund  .M 

t  Holland,  Joseph  Jefferson 

i  Hopper,  De  Wolf 

Hopper.  Edna  Wallace  ... . 

Howard,  Bronson 

lllington,  Margaret 

Irish,  Annie 

Irving,  H.  B 

Irving,  Isabel 

Irwin,  May 

J.ame8,  Ix)uis 

.Jeffreys,  Ellis  

Jones,  Henry  Arthur 

Kendal,  William  H 

Kendal,  Mrs.W.  H 

Kelcey,  Herbert  H.  L 

Kellogg,  Clara  Louise 

Kidder,  Kathry n 

Lackaye,  Wilton 

Langtry,  Lily 

Lipman,  C'ara 

I.,oftns,  Cissie 

Mack,  Andrew 

-Maeterlinck,  Maurice 

Mann,  Louis 

IVLinneriug,  Mar v 

Mantell,  Robert  B 

Marlowe,  Julia 

Martinot,  Sadie 

Mason,  John 

Matthisnn,  Edith  Wynne. 

Maude,  Cyril 

May,  Edna 

Meiba,  Nellie 

Miller,  Henry 

Millward,  Jessie 

Mitchell,  Maggie 

Modjeska,  Helena 

Mordaunt^  Frank 

Morris,  Clara 

Mounet-Sully,  Jean 

Murphy,  Joseph 

N.azimova,  Mme 

Nethersole,  Olea.. 

Nielsen,  Alice 

Nilsson,  Christine 

Nordica,  Lillian 

Olcott,  Chauncey 

O'Neill,  J.ames 

O'Neill,  Nance 

Opp,  .lulie 

Otero,  Caroliue 

Paderewski,  Ign.ice  J 

P.astor,  Tony 

Patti,  Adelina 

Plympton,  Et>en 

Potter,  Cora  Urquhart. . . 

Powers,  James  T 

Prince,  Adelaide , . . . 

Rankin,  A.  McKce. . . . . . . 

lUavelle,  Hamilton 

!Rehan,Ada 

iRejaue,  (iabrielle 


Birthplace. 


Born. 


New  York 

.New  York  City 

Augusta,  Ga 

K.Hschau,  Hungary.... 

London 

Hartford,  Ct 

New  York  City 

Allegheny,  Pa 

Boston,  Mass.... 

Canada 

Marseilles,    France.... 

Cincinnati,  O 

Berlin,  Germany 

London 

Boston,  Mass 

New  York  City 

England 

New  Orleans,  La. ...    . 

Salzbrunn,  Aust 

Eton,  England 

Paris 

New  York  City 

Dublin,  Ireland 

Brooklyn   ...    

Auburn,  N.  Y.. .   

New  York  City 

New  York  City 

New  York  City 

San  Francisco 

Detroit,  Mich 

Bloomington,  111 

England 

London 

Bridgeport,  Ct 

Toronto,  Canada 

Tremout,  111 

Ireland 

Gran  dsborough, England 

Loudon 

Lincolnshire,  England.. 

London,  England 

Sumpterville,  S.  C 

Newark , 

Virginia 

St.  S.aviour's,  Jersey(E.) 

Chicago 

Glasgow 

Boston,  Mass 

Belgium 

New  York  City 

London 

Ayrshire,  Scotland 

Caldbeck,  England 

Yonkers,  N.  Y 

Orange,  N.  J 

England 

London 

Syracuse  

Melbourne .. 

London 

England 

New  York  City 

Cracow,  Poland 

Burlington,  Vt 

Toronto,  Canaila 

Bergerac,  France 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 

Yalta.'Crimea,  Kussia  . 

London 

Nashville,  Tenn 

Wederslof,  Sweden 

Famiington,  Me 

Providence,  11. 1.  ..... . 

Ireland 

Oakland,  Cal 

New  York . 

Spain 

Poland 

New  York  Citv .. 

Madrid 

Boston,  Mass 

New  Orleans 

New  York  City 

London .' 

Sandwich,  Canada 

.Madrid 

Limprh:k,  Ireland...... 

Pari«,  France 


1817 

1880 

1*45 

1S57 

1836 

1856 

1880 

1874 

1857 

1869 

lh59 

1865 

1847 

1844 

1868 

1845 

1358 

1853 

ls62 

1858 

1873 

1863 

1860 

ISoO 

1>70 

1848 

1860 

1862 

1S74 

1842 

1881 

186J 

1870 

1870 

1862 

1842 

1868 

1S51 

1843 

1849 

185« 

1842 

1868 

1862 

1852 

1869 

1876 

1863 

1862 

1865 

1876 

18.54 

1865 

1857 

1857 

1875 

1862 

187Z 

1866 

1859 

1861 

1832 

1844 

1841 

1846 

1841 

1839 

1879 

1863 

1870 

1843 

185S 

1862 

1849 

1875 

1871 

1868 

1860 

1837 

1843 

1850 


1S62 
1866 
1844 
1869 
1860 


608 


The  Stage. 


Name, 


]<eeve,  Ada. 

Kickmau,  diaries , 

lUug,  Blanche 

Kitfiiie,  Adele 

Hoberts,  Flort-jK-e 

Kobe rtsou,  J.  i''orbe8. . . , 

Uobson,  Kleauor , 

Itobsoii,  Mtij' i 

Itussell,  Aiiuie i. 

iitissell,   Lilliuu 

Salviiii,  Toimnaso 

Sardou,  Victorien 

Sl'liefF,  FriiBJ  .......... 

i>chuinaiiu-Heink,  Mtue 

Scott,  Cyril... 

Seabruoke^  'i'hotuas  Q. 
Seiiibrith,  Marcella... 

Shannon,  Kftie 

Shaw,  Geo.  Bernard. . 
Shnw,  Mary .;....... 

SkiuDur,  Otfs.;.; 

Sotherii,  Edward  H.. 
Soiisa,  Juliii  Pliilip... 

Spong,   liilila 

St-uiiiopr,  Adelaide.., 
Slab!,  Uose 


•••»•,•■ 


Birthplace. 


Loudoa 

Chicago,  Ul 

BoStun,  Mass 

Philadelphia.  Pa 

NfW  York  Cityi..', .. 

Loadou  . . .- 

England 

Ontario 

Liverpool 

CHuloUj  Iowa 

Milau,  Italy 

Paris 

Vitniia 

Anstr  a 

Ireland. 

Mt.  Veruon,N.  Y. . . . 
Leihbefir,  Auslli.i.  ... 

Cai'iirldfe'i',  Mass 

IJubliii,  Iielanil 

Wolfboro,  K.H...... 

Cutiibl-Klgepoll,  Mass 

EnglhuJ 

WaShlngloi) 

Auslr.'ilht 

Paris,  Krance 

Mi.ntual 


Boto. 


1^^6 

ia7u 

lt"6 
1S74 
1871 
18:.3 
1&80 
l!>68 
18!.4 
l^tiO 
Is  JO 
ISd 
Ibis 
Iftbl 
Ibiitj 
IbCO 
l»r>» 
ls67 
1^66 
IbOO 
1S51 
1^64 
ib54 
1875 
1858 
1875 


Name. 


Starr,  1'"  ranees , 

Sieveiisou,  Charles  A... 
Teuile,  Osiitotid . .  .iiii.i 
Tempest,  Mai  ie  ........ 

Teiiipitloii,  Kay .  i 

I'errj,   Ellcii; ^ 

Th"iii[»oii,  l)eiiiiian.  ... 

'I'hoiupsou,  Lydia 

Thursby,  Emma 

I'lee,  Bceibohlll...; 

i'yler,  Odette;; ;;.;  ;..i 
H'yiian^  Brandon....!.. 
Waiuwri-riit,  Marie...., 

Waiiul,  t'liarics 

Walsh,  Bhiuche ;. 

Ward,  Gciiev.eve.. ; .; . . 
Warfleld)  iMvid  ;..;... 

Wardej  Kiedeiiek 

Waruei-,  Ch:;rlts 

Webtf  r»  Joseph 

WilhivJj  Edwards 

Wilson,  Frani-is 

Wood)  Uflf,  Harry. .. .,. . . 
Wyiidhaiii,  Sir  Ciiarles. 
Ye:;nians»  Aniiiei; 


Birthplace. 


Oiieouta,  N.  1 . 

Dublin,  Irelmd ,. 

Plyiiioiitb,  England.,. 

Lundou 

Savannah 

Cuveutry,  England. . . , 

tjiniid,  Pa.  ....   

Loudou ..  , 

6io<..klyu,  N.  y... 

fciijjlaiidi  i  ii 

Saviinnah,  Gs 

iJubliu,   Ireland 

Philitdelphia 

.\i\Y  ViTuCity 

>i f w  York  City , 

Ne«v  York  City , 

^M\  Kraiuisco, Cal 

Warrington,  Euglatid  , 

Lcmlon 

.New  York  City 

Bilflhtoiii  England... 

PiiiLidelphitr,  Pa 

Hartford,  Ct 

England 

Isle  of  Man 


Bora. 


1886 
1850 
1852 
1867 
1861 
1848 
1833 
1838 
1857 
1853 
1869 
1879 
1863 
1S40 
1873 
1838 
l8C6 
ISol 
1S46 
1867 
1853 
1S54 
iS69 
1337 
1S36 


PROFESSIO^!AL   AND     ^!O^S-PROFESS!0^:AL    NA^£3    O^    SOME    ACTORS    AI^D 
DRAMATISTS    OF    THE    DAY    ANU    OF    EARLIER    TBMES. 


Professional  Name. 


Real   Name. 


Arthur,  Joseph.. 
Arthur,  Julia. .  . . 
Ashley.  Minnie.- 
Atherton,   Alice. 


Abbott.     Bessie Pickens.    Miss. 

Adams,    Maude Kiskadden,    Maude. 

Adams.    Susanne Stern.    Mrs.    Leo. 

Albani,    Mme Gye.    Mrs.   Ernest. 

Alexander.     Georgre, ...  Sampson.   George. 

Allen.    Louise Collier.    Mrs.    Wm. 

Allen.     Viola DUryea.    Mrs,    Peter. 

Anderson.    Marv Navarro.    Mme.  ,de. 

Anderson.    Sarah Bedrristein. Mrs. Joseph. 

Archer,     Frank Arnold.   Frank  B. 

Armstrong.    Sydney. . . .  Wells.  Miss. 

•  "         "  ,  ..Smith.   Arthur  E. 

, . .  ChenerJ'.  Mrs.  Benj.  P. 

, . .  Sheldpn.  Mrs. 

...  Edouin.   Mrs.   Willie. 

Baird.   "l>orothea Irving.  Mrs.  Henry  B. 

Barry.    Mrs.    Thomas. ,  Rednxond,  Mrs.   Wm. 
Barrymore.    Maurice. ..  Blythe.    Herbert. 
Beere,    Mrs.    Bernard. .  Olivier.  Mrs.  A.  C.  S. 

BerR,    EUen   Edeson.    Mrs.    Robt. 

Bergen.    Nella Hopper,  Mrs.  De  Wolf. 

Bernhardt.   Sarah Damala.   Mme. 

Bertram.    Helen Burt,   Lulu  May. 

Bingham.    Amelia Bingham.  Mrs.  Lloyd. 

Blair.    Eugenie Downing.  Mrs. Eugenia 

Blanchard,  Kitty Rankin,  Mrs.  McKee. 

Blauvelt.    Lillian Pendieton,  Mrs.  W.  F. 

Blood.good.    Clara .Laimbeer,  Mrs.  Wm. 

Bonfanti.    Mile Hoffman.   Mrs. 

Bonehill.    Bessie Seeley,  Mrs.  Wm. 

Booth.   Agnes Schoef fel.  Mrs.  John. 

Booth.    Rachel.... Powers.  Mrs.  Jas.  T. 

Buffalo    Bill Cody,  William  F. 

Burroughs.    Marie Ivlacphersori.  Airs.  R.  B. 

Burt.  Laura   Stanford,  Mrs.  Hy.  B. 

Burton.    Blanche Staiidihg,  Mrs.  Guy. 

Busley.   Jessie Joy,  Mr.s.  E.  C. 

Byron.  Oliver Doud.  Oliver  B. 

Cahill.     Marie Artiliur,  Mrs.  Daniel  V, 

Cameron.  Beatrice Maniifield.   Mrs.  Rlchd, 

Cameron,    Yio.iet De  Bensa.ude.   Mrs. 

Carter.  Mrs.  Leslie. ...  Payne.  Mrs.  Wm.  L. 

Cavendish.    Ada Marshall,  Mrs.  Frank. 

Cecil.  Arthur Blunt,  Arthur  Cecil. 

Claude.    Toby Carleton.  Mrs.W.T..  Jr, 

Claxton.   Kate   Stevenson,   Mrs.  Chas. 

Clayton.   Bessie Mitchell.  Mrs.  Julian. 

Clayton.    Esteiie; Cooper.  Mrs.  S.  E. 

Clernmons,  Katherine. .  Gould.  Mrs.  Howard. 

Coe.   Lsabelle   McKee.  Mrs.  Frank. 

Coghlan.    Rose .Sullivan.    Mis.   John. 

Cohan,    Josephine Niblo.  Mrs.  Frederick. 

Compton,   Miss    Carton.  Mrs.  R.c;. 

Comstock,    Nahnette. .  .Burbock,   Mrs.  Frank. 

Conway.   Minnie Teaiie*.    Mrs.   Osmond. 

Corinne   Flaherty.  Corinne  Kim- 
ball. 
Courtleigh.    William... Flynn.  William. 
Crosman,    Henrietta, . .  Campbell.  Mrs. Maurice 
Dacre.   Arthur James,  Arthur. 


Professional  Name, 


Real   Name. 


D'ArviHe.    Camille Crelin.  Mrs.  W.  D. 

Davenport.  Fannie McDowell.     Mrs.     Mel- 

viiie, 

DaA'is,  Fay Lawrence.  Mrs.  Gerald. 

De  Mar.  Carrie Hart.  Mrs.  Joseph. 

De  SiMa.   N Harvey.    Mrs.   Martin. 

D'Orsay.    Lawrence. ..  .Dorset,    Wni.La\vrence* 

Deutsch.    Florence Bernard,  Mrs.  Satii. 

Dickson.   Charles   Doblin,  Charles. 

Dillon,    Louise   Dillon,  Mrs.  John; 

Dockstader.  .  Lew Clapp.  Geo.  Alfred. 

Dorr.    Dorothy Dahi.  Mrs.  Hy.  J*  W. 

Dressier.     Marie Kerber.  Leila. 

Durbin,  Maud   , . . .  i . . .  Skinjier.  Mrs.  Otis. 
Duse.    Eleiinora. ........  Cecci.  Sjgnora. 

Eames,   Emma    .......  Story.   Mrs.  Julian. 

i'jlliot,    Gertrude. ......  Robertson,       Mrs.       J, 

Forbes. 

Elliot,  ^laxlne Goodwin.  Mrs,  Nat  C. 

Ellsler.  Effie Weston.  Mrs.  Frank. 

Einerson.    Biily ..Redmond,  William. 

Emery,    Winifred Maude.  Mrs,  Cyril. 

Erskine.  James Rosslyn,   Earl  of. 

EtheU  Agnes Tracy,  Mrs. 

Evtinge,    Rose Butler,  Mrs. 

Fenton.  Mabel  .Ross.  Mrs.  Chas.  J. 

Fetter.  Selina Royle,       Mhs.       Edwin 

Milton. 

Filkins,  Grace Marix,  Mrs.  Adolph. 

Firmin.    Annie Jack.  Mrs.  John. 

Fisher.   Alice   Harcourt,  Mrs.  Wm, 

Fiske.  Minnie  Maddern.  Fiske.     Mrs.     Harrison 

Gray. 

Fox.  Delia   Levy.  Mrs. 

Gadski.   Mme Tauscher,  Mme. 

George.  Grace   Brady.  Mrs.  W.  A. 

Gerard.    Florence Abbey.  Mrs.  H.  E. 

Gerster.   Etelka Gai-dmi.  Mrs.  Dr. 

Oilman.   Mabelle Corey.   Mrs.   Ellis. 

Glasor.  Lulu , Hei-z.  Mrg.  R.  C. 

Graham.  Robert  E.   . . .  McGee.  Robert  E. 

Granger.   Maude Baxter,  Mrs.  W.  R. 

Granville.    Gertie Hart.  Mrs.  Tony. 

Gray.   Ada    Tingay.  Mrs.  Chas.  F 

Grubb,   Lillie   Hayman,  Mrs.  Dav'd. 

Hading,   Jane Koning.  Mme.  Victor. 

Hall.   Pauline White.  Mrs.  Frank. 

Hanley.   Emma   .......  Allen,  Mrs.  Louise. 

Hare.  John Fairs,  John. 

Harned.    Virginia. .....  fiothern,  Mrs, 

Harrison,   .^lice Metz.  Alice. 

Harrison,    J^ouis Mete.  Louis. 

Hart.  Senator  Bob. ^  .i«Sutherland.  J. 


M. 
Hauk.   Minnie   . . . .  *  * . .  Warte°-g.      Frau      von 

Hesse. 

Hawkins.   Etta   ,  .Morris.  Mrs.  Wm. 

Heath.   Caroline   Barrett.  Mrs.  Wilson 

Held.    Anna    Ziegfeld.   Mrs. Florence. 

Henderson.    Grace Henderson.   Mrs.   D. 

Herndon,  Agnes Jessel.  Mrs.  Jos.  A, 


Edw.  It. 


The  Stage. 


5O0 


PROFESSIONAL  AND  NON-PROFESSIONAL  UkUEii— Continued. 


N"aniiei 


'Pi'oltissforial  Name. 


Real   Name. 


Professional  Na,me. 


Real 


iieine,   James  A viierii.  James. 

xiL-run,    iiijou    'Aiiller,  Mrs.  Henry. 

iit=ron.    Matilda. Sioeyel,  Mrs.  Robt. 

jtiodson.   iienrietta, ijabuuchere,   Mrs.   Hy. 

Hope,   EriC    i  armoulh.  Earl  of. 

iiiiiiijion.    Margai'et. . . .  Frohman,  Mrs.  Daniel. 

irioU,  Annie   Oodson,  Mrs.  J.  E. 

Irving.   Isabel    ihoinpsun,  Mrs.  \V.  H. 

Irwin,  Beatrice Siiupsun,  Beatrice. 

irwiii.  May   Eisieidt,  Mrs.  Kurt. 

Janiseh,    Mme jj'Arco,  Countess, 

Jansen,   Marie Key,  Mrs.  Barton. 

Jetfreys-Bevvis,   Ida.. . .  Mainhall,  Mrs.  H. 

Jeffreys,   Ellis Sleath,  Mrs.  Herbert. 

Karl,    Tom    Carroll.  Thomas. 

Keene.    Baura Taylor.  Mrs, 

Keene,  Thomas  W Ea^leson.  Thos.  W. 

Kellogg,  Clara  Bouise.  Strakosch,  Mrs.  C.        ^ 
Kendal,  William  H,. . .  .Grimston,  W.  H. 
Kendal,  Mrs.  W.  H. ..  .Grimston,  Mrs.  W.  H. 

Kimball,  Grace McGuire,  Mrs. 

Kimball,   Jennie Flalierty,  Mrs.  Jennie. 

Kingdon,  Edith Gould,  Mrs.  Geo.  J. 

Bangtry,  Mrs De  Bathe,  Mrs.  Hugo  G 

Bee,  Jennie Bui*nett,  Mrs.  J.  P. 

Behman,    Bill! Kalisch.  Mme.  Paul. 

BeMoyne.  Sarah  Cowell.BeMoyne.  Mrs.  Wm.  J 

Beslie,  Elsie  Winter,  Mrs.  W.  J, 

Bewis,   Ada Parr,  Mrs.  John. 

Bevvis.    Catherine Robertson.  Mrs. Donald 

Bewis,    Billian Marston,   Mrs.  Baurence 

Binthicum,   Botta Strachan,   Mrs.   W.  C. 

Bipman,   Clara Mann,  Mrs.  Bouls. 

Boftus,   Cecilia McCarthy. ilarie  Cecilia 

Bogan,    Celia Connelly,  Mrs.  Jas.  H. 

Bosee.  Prank   ;.  Bosee.  Ira  N. 

Botta   , Ci-abtree.   Charlotte. 

Mar:  'an,    R«    D Sliepherd.  Rezin  D. 

Maddern.   Emma Stevens.  Mrs.  R.  E, 

Mannering.  Mary Hackett.  Mrs.  J,  K. 

Mantelli. Mme. Eugenie.  Do  Amicis.Mrs. 

Mantell.  Robert  B ^ludson,  Robert. 

Markham,   Pauline Mclviahon.  Mrs. 

Marlowe,    Julia f^rough.  Fanny. 

Martinet,   Sadie Nethersole,  Mrs.  Louis. 

Materna.  Mme Friedrich,  Mme. 

May.    Edna Bewlsobn,  Mrs.  O. 

McDonald,   Chiistie. ..  .Jefferson.  Mrs.  W.  V,^. 

Melba.   Mme Armstrong.  Mrs.  N. 

Millard.    Evelyn Coulter.  Mrs.  Robt.  P. 

Miskel,   Caroline Hoyt.  Mrs.   Chas.   (2) 

Mitchell,   Maggie Abbott.  Mrs.  Chas. 

Modjeska,  Mme Chlapowski,      Countess 

Chas.  Bozenta. 
J. . . .  Mann.  Harry  J. 

Esmond.  Mrs.  H.  V. 

.Albert,  Mrs.  James. 

Markyam.,  Francis. 

Harriott,  Mrs.  P.  C. 

Forman,  Mrs.  Alfred. 

......  Hill,  Mrs. 

Alla..Orleneff.  Mrs.  Paul  N. 


Perugini,    Signer 

Pitt,   Fannie  Addison 
I'ixley.    Annie 


Prescott,    Marie. 


Chattertuti,  John. 

Pitt.  Mrs.  lienry  M. 

Fuliord,  Mrs.  Robt. 

Potter,  Coia  Urguhart. 

Pertzel,  Mrs. 

Prince,    Adelaide Clarke.  Mrs.  Creston. 

Raleigh,    Cecil    Rowlands,  Mr. 

Rankin.   Phyllis Davenport,  Mrs.  Hy, L. 

Raymond,   Jolin  T 0'i3rien,  John  T. 

Rehan,  Ada   Crehan.  Ada. 

Rejane,   Mme Porel,  Mme.  D.  P.  Pi 

liice,    Fannie Purdy,  Mrs.  Dr. 

Roberts,    Florence Morrison.   Mrs.   Bewis. 

Robertson,  Agnes Boucicault,   Mrs.   Dion. 

Robson,    May Brown,  Mrs.  Augustus. 

Roosevelt,   Blanche Machetta,   Mme. 

Rorke,   Kate    Gardner,  Mrs.  Jas. 

Roselle.    Amy Dacre,  Mrs.  Arthiu-. 

Russell,  Mme.  Ella Rhiginl,  Mme.  de. 

Russell,  Billian Beonard.  Helen  Bouise. 

St.   John,   Florence Marius,  Mrs.  Claude. 

Sanderson,  Julia Sloane.  Mrs.  Tod, 

Sanderson,    Sybil Terry.   Mnie.  Antonio, 

Scheff.  Fritzi Bardeleben.  Mrs.  Fritz 

von. 
Schumann-Heink.Mme.  Rapp,   Mrs.  Wm. 


,   Jr. 

Guil- 


Sembrich.   Mme Stengel,      Mme. 

laume. 
Shannon,  Ef f ie Kelcey,    Mrs.    Herbert 

H.    B. 
Shannon,   Joseph  W.  . .  Sendelbach,  J.  W. 

Shannon.    Bavinla Shine.  Mr.?.  Gile.g. 

Summerville,    Amelia. .  Shaw,  Aniena. 

Spong,  Hilda Spoilg.  Prances. 

Stanhope.    Adeline Wheatci-olt.  Mrs   N. 

Stahl.    Rose    Bonnelli.  Mrs.  Wm. 

Stirling.       Mme.       Ah- 

toinette    Mackmlay   Mrs.  J. 

Stuart,   Julia Mackay,  Mrs.  Ed 

Stuart.  Cosmo Lennox,   Cosmo   C.    G. 

Stuart,  Beslie ^arrett,  T    A. 

Sully,  Daniel , Sullivan.  Daniel. 

Sutherland,    Anne Hartley.  Mrs    Fied. 

Marie Stuart.  Mrs.  Cosmo. 

Rose Jones,  Mrs.  J.  H. 

Tp-nnleton    Ekv Patterson,  Mrs. 

Tel rfss    EilaZ^e. .::::.  Hicks,  Mrs   Seymour. 

Terriss.  William Bewin,  Arthur.      . 

rerrv.  Ellen   Carew.  Mrs..  James. 

Theo,  Mme • Piccolo,  Cecile. 

Thom.pson.  Bydia^ 


Montague,  Henry 

Moore,   Eva 

Moore,  Mary 

Mordaunt.   Prank 
Morris,   Clara. . . . 
Mui'ray.   Alma.  . . 
Mursiia,  lima  di 
Nazimova.  Mme. 


Tempest, 
Temple. 


Adelaide I.^e.  Mrs.  Philip  H. 

Julia Terry,  Mrs,  Frederick. 

Mme. Norman.  Halle.  T^ady. 

Emma Palmer.  Mrs. 

Christine Miranda.   Count.   Casa. 

Miss  Dolly.  ...  Nobles,  Mr.s.  Milton. 

Mme Dome,  Mme,  Zoltan. 

J. 


Neilson, 
Neilson, 
Neruda, 
Nevada. 
Nilsson, 
Nobles, 

Nordica,  _ 

Olcott.   Chauncey Olcott,    Chancellor 

O'Neil,    Anne Miner,  Mis.  H.  C. 

Palmer.  Minnie Rogers.  Mrs.  John  R. 

Pattl.    Adeiina Cedarstrom.BaronessR 


Henderson.  Mrs.  Alex. 

Green.  Mrs.  Chas.  K. 

Birnbaum,  Henry. 

Post,  Mrs.  Guy  Rates. 

MacBean.  Mrs.  R.  B. 

Carrvll.  Mrs.  Ivan. 

Cameron,  Mrs.  Juha. 

Bourchier.  Mr?.  Arthur. 

Snvder.  Mrs.  Ch.as. 

Cawthorn.  Mrs.  Jos. 

Mestaver.  Mrs,  W.  A. 

Clav.  Mrs.  Cecil. 

Travars.  :Mrs.  Wm. 

,,  i,  nine       Bewis.   Mrs.   Joseph. 

Genetieve Querbel    Countess. 

r     Herbert Rntty.  Herbert  \\ 

Stratton,  Mrs.  C.   S. 

Golden.   Mrs.   Richard. 

Doremus.  Mrs.  T.  C. 


riffanv,  Annie  Ward. 
Tree,  Henry  Beerbohm 

Truax,  Sarah ■ 

Tyler,  Odette 

U'lmar,  Geraldine 

Valda,   Mme.  Giulia,. 

Vanbru.gh,  Violet 

Vane,  Helen 

Vassar.  Queenie 

Vaugtin.   Teresa 

Vokes.  Rosina 

Walsh.    Blanche 

Fannie. 


Ward 

Ward. 

Warin 

Warren,  Bavinia. 

Wilev.   Dora 

Ellis. 


Wilton.     -         ^   _^. 
W  V  n  n  e  -  Matthison, 

^Tjviith  kennedy.  Mrs 

..n'nnsVi.vdia Titus.  Mrg---J:igii^iL— - 


Yea 


FOR  STAGE  INFORMATION 

IN  NEW  YORK  CITY 

SEE  INDEX. 


510 


Paint'cng  and  Scul2:)ture. 


JIafntfns  antr  .Sculpture* 


NATIONAL     ACA 

NATIONAL 

1902.  Abbev,  Kdwin,  FriirforJ,  KnglrvtiJ. 
1^99.  AMam'!,  Hcrb<-rt,  131  West  lUli  Strnet. 

1902.  Alexauder,  J.  W.,  12.3  E  st  6.Sd  Street. 
Is99.   IJar-e,  ^il■OT•z<^  J"..  Jr.,  K.iti'ii.ih.  X.  Y. 
1"'02.  |{  ;iux.  Cecelia,  East  (Jlnucest-r.  .Mass. 
li<04.   Keckwith.  .1.  Carroll.  58  West  57th  .Street. 
19(15.  I?eM8->n,  Frank   W.,  Snlem,  M.sss. 

ISbt*.   HUshfield,  Edwin  H.,  48  We-st  59th  Street. 

1903.  Bitter,  Karl.  Weehawken,  N.  .1. 
1K63.  Brev<K>rt,  J.  R.,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

1881.  Bridgman,  Frederick  A.,  P.iris. 
1875.  Bristol,  John  B.,  liO  K.ist  23d  Street. 
1863.  Brown,  J.  (J.,  51  We.st  lOlh  St-eet. 

190t>.  Brush,  George  De  Forest  (elect),  DuWin,  N.  H. 

19U7.  Buiice,  Williaii:  Gedney  (elect  I,  Hartford,  Ct. 

1899.  Butler,  Howard  Russnil,  35  Wall  Street. 

1875.  Calverlev,  Charles,  Caldwell,  N.J. 

190fi.  Carlsen."Einil.43  East  5iith  Street.  ' 

1810.  Chase,  William  M..  303  Fifth  Avenue. 

ISS.i.  Church,  F.  A.,  Carnesif  Hall, 

1898.  Clinedinst,  B.  West,  1000  Mad'son  Avenue. 

18fi2.  Colman,  Samnel,  267  Central  Park  West. 

I't03.  Cox,  Kenvon,  14.i  West  55th  Street. 

1901.  Crane,  Bruce,  P.  O.  Box  1692,  K.  Y.  City. 

1904.  Curran,  C.  C,  16  West  61st  Street. 

1906.  Dain^rerfield,  Elliott,  145  West  .55th  Street. 
1863.  Dana,  W.  P.  W.,  57  Onslow  (iardens.  London. 
1906.  Davis,  C.  H.,  Mvstic,  Ct. 
1906.  Dearth,  H.  O..  Crirne^'ie  Hal!. 

1898,  De  Forest,  Lockwood.  7  E.ast  lOth  Street. 

1906.  Dess.ar,  Louis  Paul,    27  West  67th  Street. 

1907.  Dewey,  Charles  Melville  (elect),  218  West  23d  Street 
188'S.  Dewing,  Thos.  W.,  51  West  10th  Street. 

lS-3.  Di-lMinn,  FrMleric*.  51  West  10th  Stre-t. 

1907.  D.ligheHy,  Paul  (elect),  27  West  67th  Street. 

1906.  Du  Mond,  Frank  V.,  27  West  67th  Street. 

1906.  Duveiieck,  Frank  (elect),  Cinoinniti. 
1102.  E.iUins,  Thomas,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1904.  Foster,  Ben.,  253  West  42d  Street. 

1899.  Fowler,  Frank,  106  West  o5th  Street. 

1901.  French,  Daniel  Chester,  125  West  11th  Street 

1882.  Gail),  Gilbert,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

1907.  Gay,  Edward  (elect),  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

1905.  Grafly,  Charles,  Phil.adelphia,  I'n. 
1867.  Griswnld,  C.  C,  262  W^est  12th  Street. 
1867.  Guy,  Seymour  Joseph,  51  West  lOf'i  .Street. 
1^68.  H:ill,  Georse  Henrv,  96  Fifth  Avenue. 
1889.  Ilainilton,  Hamilton,  Peekskill,  X.  Y. 
1901.  Harrison.  Aleiaiider,  118  East  40lh  Street. 
1891.  Hartley,  J.  S.,  145  West  55th  Street. 

190  ..  Hassam,  Childe,  27  West  67th  Street. 
1863.  Hennessy,  W.  J.,  London,  Ensrland. 
r  0"..  Henri,  Robert,  58  West  57th  Street. 
\^(,\  Henry,  E.  L..  7  WS-st  43d  Street. 
1865.  Home-,  Winslow,  Scarboro,  Me. 
1<97.  Howe,  Wm.  H.,  Bronxville,  N.  Y. 

1882.  Howland,  Alfred  C,  318  West  57th  Street. 
1899.  Inness,  George,  Jr.,  Cameirie  Hall. 

1906.  Isham,  Samuel,  80  West  40th  Street. 
1?61.  Johnson,  David,  W'alden,  N.  Y. 

1891.  Jones,  Francis  C,  33  West  67fh  Street. 

1883.  Jones,  H.  Bolton,  33  West  6:th  Street. 

1905.  Kendall,  William  Sergeant,  26  West  8th  Street. 

1906.  Host,  F.  W'.,  146  West  55th  Street. 
1869.  LaFarg,  .Tohn,  51  West  10th  Street. 

1907.  Lalhrop,  W.  L.  (elect),  New  Hope,  Pa. 
1897.  Lippincott,  William  H.,  7  West  43d  Street. 
1906.  Loeb,  Louis,  58  West  47th  Street. 


DEMY     OF     DESIQN. 

AC.\1)EMICIANS. 

Elected. 

1890.  Low,  Will  H.,  13.1;  East  40th  Street. 

1906.  MncMminle.s,  Frederick  W.  (elect),  France. 
19t'6.  MacNel!,  llermon  A.  (elect),  145  West  55lh  Street. 
1876.  Mate  ath,  Willian.,  11  East  14th  Street. 
18S5.  .^'avnard,  (Jeo-ge  W.,  7  West  43d  Street. 

1907.  M  Kim,  Ch.irlesF.  (elect ),  160  Fifth  Avenue. 
190''..  Melcliers,  Gari,  Paris,  France. 
187.i.  Jliller,  Charles  H.,  Queens,  L.  I. 
1885.  Millet,  F.  D.,  6  E:ist  23d  Street. 
1895.  Moeller,  L.mis,  W^ikefield.  N.  Y. 
19'i6.  Mora,  F.  Luis,  142  East  18th  Street. 

1884.  Moran,  Thomas,  24  AVest  22d  Street. 

1891.  Mowbray,  H.  Siddons,  66  West  11th  Street. 
1887.  Murphy,  J.  Francis,  222  West  23d  Street, 
l-<70.  Nehlis,  Victor,  .ibroad.  ? 

1885.  Nicoll,  J.  C,  51  West  lO'h  Street.  ■ 
1906.  Niehaus,  Charles  H.,  148  West  36th  Street.     ' 

1904.  0<htman.  Leonard.  Cos  Cob,  Ct. 
1897.  Palmer,  AValter  L.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
1906.  Parrish,  Maxfield,  Windsor.  Vt. 
1884.  Parton,  Arthur,  318  West  57th  Street. 
1869.  Perry,  E.  Wood.  333  Fourth  Avenue. 
1880.  Porter,  Benjamin  C,  3  North  W.a.-hington  Square.  ) 
1906.  Potter,  Edward  C,  Greenwi.  h,  Ct. 

1906.  Potthast,  Edward  H.,  318  West  57th  Street. 
iyC4.  Proctor,  A.  Phimister,  «55  Pelh-im  Avenue. 

1907.  Pvle,  Howard  (elect),  Wilmington,  1X1. 
I'.iOe.  Ranger,  Henry  W..  228  West44!h  Street. 
1906.  RedH^ld,  Edward  W.  (elect).  Centre  B  idge.  Pa. 
1906.  Reid,  Robert,  142  East .33.1  Street. 

1905.  Roth,  Fred'k  G.  R..  Wlite  Plains,  N.  Y. 

1906.  Ryd^r.  Alb.TtP..  308  West  15th  Street. 
1897.  Sargent.  .John  S.,  Lomlon,  England. 

1907.  .Schofield,  W.  Elmer  ( elect  >,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
187.S.  Sellstedt,  L.  (;.,  Buffalo,  X.  Y. 
1861.  Shrittuck,  Aaron  D..  (Iranby,  Ct. 
188«.  Shirl.w.  Walter,  .39  West25lh  Street. 
1K90.  Shtirtleff,  R.  M.,  44  West  22d  Street. 

1905.  Smedley,  Wnj.  T.,  Carnegie  Hall. 
1^82.  Smillie,  George  H.,  156  East  36th  Street. 
1876.  Smillie,  .lames  D.,  156  E.ast  36th  Street. 

1906,  Snell,  Henry  B.,  116  West  41st  Street. 
18,s9.  St.  Gaudeus,  Augustus,  Wind--or,  Vt. 
1906.  Tarbell,  Edmund  C,  lloston,  Mass. 

1901.  Thayer,  Abbott  H.,  Monadnook,  X.  H. 
1^80.  Tiffany,  Louis  C,  27  East  72d  Street. 
1891 .  Trvon,  D.  W.,  226  West  59th  Street, 

1886.  Turner.  C.  Y.,  Carnegie  Hall. 
1907    Van  Boskerck,  Robert  W.  (elect),  58  West  57th  Street, 

1865.  Vedder,  Elihu,  abroad. 
1801.  Vinton,  Frederic  P.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1899.  Volk,  Douglas,  215  West  57th  Street. 
1906.  Vonnoh,  Robert  W.,  25  West  67th  Street. 

1902.  Walker,  Henrv  O.,  Lakewood,  N.  J. 
1891.  W.alker.  Horatio,  372  Fifth  Avenue. 
1883.  AVard,  Edgar  M.,  51  West  lOth  Street. 
1863.  AVard,  J.  Q.  A.,  119  West  52d  Street. 
1895.  V/atrons,  Harrv  AV..  58  West  57th  Street. 
1886.  Weir,  J.  Al.len,  51  AVest  lOth  Street. 

1866.  AVeir,  John  F.,  Xew  Haven,  Ct. 
1897.  AVrdon,  C.  D.,  51  West  10th  Street. 
1861.  AVhittredge,  Worthingtou,  Summit,  N.  .7. 

1906.  AVisgins,  J.  Carleton,  1079  Dean  Street,  Brooklyn. 
1897.  Wiles,  Irving  R.,  106  West  .".5th  Street. 
1873.  Wilmarth,  Lemuel  E.,  352  Adelphi  Street,  Brooklyn. 

1907.  Woodburv,  Charles  H.  (elect),  Boston,  MaS3. 
1880.  Yewell,  (ieorge  H.,  51  West  loth  Street. 


ASSOCIATE    NA 
Allen,  Thomas,  Boston,  Mass. 

Armstrong,  D.  Mailland,  61  Washington  Square,  South. 
Bacher,  Otto  H.,  Bronxville,  N.  Y. 
Ballard,  Frederick  AVilliam,  152  AVest  55th  Street. 
Ballin,  Hugo,  146  AVest  55th  Street. 
Bell,  E.  A.,  226  Central  Park  Sr.uth. 
Blney,  AVilliam  A'erplanck,  .58  West  57th  Street. 
Bo^'ert.  Georsell.,  201  West  5.=ith  Street. 
B  ston.  Joseph  11.,  203  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 
Brandecer,  R-.bert  C,  Farm-ngton,  Ct. 
Bricher,  A.  T.,  2  West  14th  Street. 
Bridg  -9,   Miss  Fidelia,  Cmaan,  Ct. 
Burroughs,  Brysnn,  60  East  86th  Street. 
Caldsr,  Alexaniler  .S.,  Oracle,  Arizona. 
Chapman,  CailV.n  T.,  68  West  67th  Street. 
Chase,  Adelaide  Cole,  Boston,  Mrsb. 
Clark,  AV  niter,  Nrw  Rochelle,  N.  Y  . 
Clarke,  Thomas  Shields,  50  Riverside  Driv«. 
Colfin,  William  A.,  £8  West  J'th  Street. 


TIONAL    ACADEMICIANS. 
Cole,  Timothy,  ahro.ad. 
Coleman,  C.  C.,  abroad. 
Cook,  AValter,  135  East  37th  Street. 
Couse.  E.  Irving,  .IS  West  57th  Street. 
Cox,  I,ouise.  75  West  55th  Street. 
Craig.  Thom.a.s  B.,  Rutherford,  N.  J. 
Crowninshield,  Frederick,  314  Wt-st  End  AvenQS.' 
Cushing.  Howard  Gardiner,  Boston,  Mass. 
Dnv,  Francis,  27  AVest  67th  Street. 
DeHaven,  F.,  23  AVest  24th  Street. 
D-.Luce,  Percival,  114  E.ist  2:{d  Street. 
Drake,  W.  H..  37  AA'est  22d  Street. 
Earle,  L,  C.  Montolair,  N.  J. 
E.alon,  C.  Warren.  3'8  West  57th  Street. 
F"avon,  A\'m.  Bailev,  152  West  57th  Str-et. 
Ferguson,  H-nrv  A".,  226  West  78th  Street. 
Flagg,  Montagu^,  25.S  West  4  .1  Street. 
Fra'izen,  August,  Carnegie  Ha'l. 
Frazier,  Keuuf  th,  53  Ea  ,t  7sih  Street. 


Painting  and  Sculpture. 


511 


NATIONAL  ACAfi^MY  OF   DESKtN— Co.w//»»Y:r/. 


Freer,  EVederlck  W.,  Chicago. 

t'ullei-,  Henrv  Brown.  Windsor,  Vt, 

Puller,  LucIh  Falrchlld,  Wlndaor,  Vt. 

Gaug'eii;;igl,  I.  M.,  Doston,  Mass. 

W.lbeil,  Cass, 

Glackens,  Wm.  J.,  S8  \Vest  67th  Street. 

Green,  Frank  Itussell,  211  West  85th  Street. 

Groll,  Albert  L. 

Hany-'r,  Willlnm  St.  John,  166  West  107th  Street. 

Harrison,  Birge,  7  West  4yd  Street. 

Hastings.  Thom.is. 

Mertfr,  Albert,  o"-'  Fifth  Avenue. 

Mills,  I-aura  C,  Boston,  Mass. 

Hiil.b.ll.  Henry  S.,  P.iri.s. 

Hyde,  Willi;iin  H.,  105  East  61st  Street. 

Joijgers,  Alphonse,  58  We<t  57th  Street. 

Kiith,  Dora  Wheeler,  Il.i  East  2ad  Street. 

Kline,  William  Fair,  244  West  14th  Street. 

Konti,  Isadore,  32  West  67th  Street.  i 

Lathrop,  Francis,  29  Washiiigton  Square. 

Loon,  Mrs.  Henry  A.,  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. 

Lockwood,  Wilibn,  Boston,  Mass. 

Loomis,  Chester,  En^lewood,  N.  J. 

Lyman,  Joseph,  Century  Club. 

MacEwen,  Walt«r.  Paris,  France. 

MacMonnies,  Mi -y  F..  Kure,  France. 

JIarsh,  Fred.  D..  a,  Nutley,  N.  J. 

Marliiiy,  Philip,  80  Washington  Square. 

Mayer,  Constant,  abroad. 

McCord,  George  H.,  114  East  23d  Street. 

Mielatz,  C.  F.  W. 

Moschowitz,  Paul,  114  Kast  23d  Street. 


Nlemeyer,  John  Henry,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Xettl.tOM,  Walter,  .-tockl)rldffe.  Mats. 

O'Douovan,  W.  K.,  31  .St.  Nicholas  Place. 

Parsons.  Charle.s,  Booiiton.  X.  J. 

Pearc  ■,  Charles  Spragus,  France. 

Peunell,  Joseph,  London. 

Piatt,  Charles  A.,  16  (iramercy  Park. 

Poore,  H.  K.,  Orange,  N.  J. 

Post.  George  R.,  33  Eist  17th  Street. 

Prellwitz,  Ed.th  Mitchell,  247  West  7l8t  Street. 

Prellwitz,  Henry,  Wilmington,  Del. 

Rehn.  F.  K.  M.,  222  West  23d  Street. 

Remington,  Frederic,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

Rice,  William  M.  J.,  hb  West  33d  Street. 

Robinson,  Will.  S.,  202  West  74th  Street. 

Sartain,  William,  152  West  57th  Street. 

Satterlee,  Walter,  96  Fifth  Avenue. 

Schreyvogel,  Charles,  Holjoken,  N.  J. 

Seweli,  Amanda  Mrewster,  25  West  67th  Street. 

Sewell,  R.  V.  V.,  25  West  67th  Street. 

Sherwood,  Rosina  Emmet,  251  Lexington  AveniM. 

Story,  Geor^'e  H.,  230  West  69th  Street. 

Story,  Julian,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Thome,  William,  5«  West  57th  Street. 

Ulrich,  Charles  F.,  abroad. 

Van  Laer,  A.  T.,  30  East  57th  Street. 

Vonnoh,  Bessie  Potter,  33  West  67th  Street. 

Walcott,  H.  M.,  Kuthertord,  N.  J. 

Webb,  J.  Louis,  abroad. 

Weiimian,  Adolph  A.,  97  Sixth  Avenue. 

Whiltemore,  Wm.  J.,  318  West  57th  Street. 


Wolf,  Henry,  110  East  9l8t  Street. 
COUNCIL,  1907-1908. 
Ih-esident,  Frederick  Dielman;  Vice-President,  Herbert  Adams;  Corresponding  Secretary,   H.  W. 
Watrous;   Recording  Secretary,  Kenyon   Oox;   Treas\(rer,Y nxucia  C.  Joues:  W.  Sergeaut"Keudall 
Ben  l-"oster,  J.  C.  NicolJ,  Will.  H.  Low,  H.  ^.  Snell,  J.  Alden  Weir. 

The  addres.ses  givon  in  the  list  refer  to  the  City  of  New  York  when  not  otherwise  specified.  The 
National  Academy  was  founded  in  1826.  The  schools  of  the  National  Academy  are  open  from  the 
first  Monday  in  October  to  the  middle  of  May.  Circulars  containing  rules  and  other  details  may  be 
had  on  application  at  the  Academy,  corner  Amsterdam  Avenue  and  West  109tli  Street. 

NATIONAL    SCULPTURE    SOCIETY. 

The  National  S<:ulpture  Society,  with  headquarters  at  New  York,  was  incorporated  in  1896.  It  is 
composed  of  lay  and  sculptor  members,  and  has  for  its  object  the  spreading  of  the  knowledge  of  good 
sculpture,  the  fostering  of  the  taste  for  ideal  .sculpture  and  its  production,  both  for  the  household  and 
museums;  the  promotion  of  the  decoration  of  public  and  other  buildings,  squares,  and  parks  with 
sculpture  of  a  high  class;  the  improvement  of  the  quality  of  the  .sculptor's  art  as  applied  toindustries, 
and  the  providing,  from  time  to  time,  for  exhibitions  of  sculpture  and  objects  of  industrial  art  in  which 
sculpture  enters.     The  officers  are  as  follows: 

Honorary  President— iohn  Q.  A.  Ward.  President— K.^r:\  Bitter.  Virr-P)-esidenfs--'R.  A.  MacNeil 
and  Thomas  Hastings.  ,Secretan/—J.  Scott  Hartiev.  Co/(Nr)7— Class  expiring  .Jaimary  1,1908;  D,  C. 
French.  William  Herbert.  Lsadore  Konti,  Thomas  Shields  Clarke,  J.  H.  Freedlander,  Attilio 
Piccirilli;  Class  expiring  January  1,  1909:  Karl  Bitter,  Thomas  Hastings,  J.  Scott  Hartley,  Arnold 
W.  Bnmner,  I.  Wyman  Drummoiid.  Wm.  C.  Hall;  Class  expiring  Januarv  1,  1910:  Herbert 
Adams,  Kdward  P.  Casey,  Albert  Jaegers,  H.  A.  MacNeil,  A.  A.  Wimmau,  John  De  Witt  Warner. 


JPresideyit— Sir  Edward  John 
rtan— W.  F.  Yeames.    Secretary 

1898  Abbey,  Edwin  Austin. 
1898  Aitchi.son.  George. 
1879  Alma-Tadema,    Sir    Law- 
rence. O.  M. 

1591  Brock,  Thomas. 

1897  Crofts,  Ernest. 

1877  Davis,  Henry  Wm.  Banks. 

1891  Dicksee,  Frank. 

1887  Filde.s,  Sir  Luke. 

1902  Frampton,  George  James. 

1592  (Gilbert,  Alfred,  M.  V.O. 
1891  Gow,  Andrew  C. 

1881  Graham,  Peter. 

1898  Gregory,  Edward  John, 


ROYAL 

Poynter,  Bart. 


ACADEMY. 

Keeper— 'E..  Crofts. 


Honorary  Retired  Academician: 


Frederick  A.  Eaton.     Registrar 
"ROY.A.L  ACADEMICIANS. 
1890  Herkomer,  Sir  Hubert  von, 
C.  V.  O. 

1897  .Tackson,  Thomas  Graham. 

1898  Leader,  Benj.  William.s. 
1876  Leslie,  George  Dun  lop. 
1898  Lucas,  John  Seymour. 
1903  Macbeth,  Robert  Walker. 
1893  MacWhirter.  John. 
1905  Murray,  David. 

18 i7  Orchardson,  SirW.  Qnilter. 
1881  Ouless,  Walter  William. 
1876  Poynter,  Sir  Edward  John, 

Bart. 
1881  Riviere,  Briton. 


T)-easure.r—T. 
-E.  F.  Dixon. 


G.   Jackson.  Libra- 


Bacon,  John  H.  F. 
Belcher,  John. 
Blomfield,  Reginald, 
Bramley,  Frank. 
Brangwyn,  Frank. 
Brown,  J.  A.  Arnesby. 
Clausen,  GJeorge. 
Colton,  William  Robert. 
Cope,  Arthur  Stockdale. 
Cowper,  F.  Cadogau. 
Crowe,  Eyi-e. 

Monarary  Retired  Associate: 


1853,  William  Powell  Frith. 

ASSOCIATES. 
Drury,  E.  A.  B. 
East,  Alfred. 
Farquharson,  Joseph. 
Forbes,  Stanhope  A, 
Hacker,  Arthur. 
Heray,  Charles  N. 
John,  Wm.  Goscombe. 
La  Thangue,  Henry  H. 
North,  John  W. 
Parsons,  Alfred. 


Frederic  Stacooole. 


1895  Richmond,     Sir     William 

Blake,  K  C.  B. 
1869  Sant,  .lames. 
1897  Sargent,  John  Singer. 

1877  Shaw,  Richard  Norman. 
1906  Solomon,  .1.  Solomon. 

1887  Stone.  Marcus. 

190.5  Swan,  John  MacAllan. 

1888  Thornycroft,  Wm.   Hamo. 
1895  Waterhouse,  John  Wm. 
1903  Wateriow,  SirE.  Albert. 
1903  Webb.  Sir  Aston. 

1893  Woods,  Henry. 

1878  Yeames,  Wni.   Frederick, 


Pegram,  Hen.-y  A.. 

Pomeroy,  F.  W. 

Shannon,  .James  J. 

Short,  Frank. 

Smythe,  Lionel  P. 

Storey,  George  Adolphua. 

Stote,  Edward. 

Strang,  William, 

Tuke,  Henrys. 

Wyllie,  W.  L.  (R.  A.  elec*). 


512  ■  Benefactions  of  1907. 


MtxizUttmiu  of  1907. 


The  sum  total  of  public  apd  charitable  bequests  of  J907  does  j>9t.  apparently,  much 
exceed  one-half  of  the  amount  thus  disposed  of  in  1006,  when  the  total  announced  gifLa 
reached  $100,000,000,  The  financial  flurry,  which  began  in  October,  closed  the  lid  on  many 
a  strong-box  which  would  otherwise  have  opened  freely  towaid  the  holiday,  or  "bounnful 
season,"  in  behalf  of  the  good  of  humanity  at  large. 

The  chief  gifts  made  public  enuring   the   year   were: 

Andrew  Cai-negie:  ^TCiO.OOO  toward  a  $1,000,000  home  for  the  Bureau  of  American  Re- 
publics at  Washington,  the  United  States  Government  having  already  subscribed  $200,000; 
$000,000  for  the  establishment  of  twenty  free  branches  of  the  Enoch  Pratt  L.ibrary  at  Balti- 
more; $50,000  to  I^afayette  College,  at  Baston,  Pa.;  $6,000,000  additional  endowment  to  the 
Carnegie  Institute,  Pittsburgh;  $125,000  to  the  Western  Reserve  University,  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio;  $500,000  to  the  fund  of  King's  Hospital,  London,  England. 

John  D.  Rockefeller:  $2,917,000  to  his  Chicago  University;  $3,000,000  for  annuities  of 
eunerannuated  professors  at  the  University  of  Chicago;  $200,000  to  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Union;  $300,000  to  Yale  University;  $600,000  to  Chicago  University  Library;  $2,000,000  to 
the  Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medical  Research  in  New  York'  City,  for  ^se  in  fiirthering  th^ 
important  contributions  of  the  institute  to  bacteriologioal  knowledge. 

Mrs.  Russell  Sage:  $1,000,000  to  IJmmii  Willard  Seminary,  at  Troy;  $1,000,000  to  the 
Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  at  Troy;  $115,000  to  public  school  at  Sag  Harbor,  I...  I.; 
$10,000,000  to  a  "Sage  Foundation"  for  social  betterment;  $350,000  to  the  Y.  M,  C.  A.; 
$150,000  to  the  American  Seaman's  Friend  Society;  $150,000  to  Northfiel^l  Seminary,  Mass.; 
$300,000  to  the  Sage  Institute  of  Pathology,  attached  to  the  City  Hospital  on  Blackwell'a 
Island;  $250,000  to  a  home  for  indigent  females;  $100,000  to  Syracuse  Univei-sity. 

Charles  L.  Farrington,  of  Boston:  $200,000  to  vacation  trips  for  poor  children;  $50,000 
Co   Harvard  University. 

John  C.  Frye,  of  Boston:    $200,090  to  Tuft's  College. 

Otto  Young,  of  Chicago:    $250,000  to  charities. 

S.  W.  Bowne,  of  New  York:    $100,000  to  Syracuse  University. 

Mrs.  Thomas  J.   JJmory,   of  Cincinnati:    $100,000  to  public  art  m;u>eum. 

Daniel  Osiris,  a  Greek  m.erchant,  of  Paris,  France:    $5,000,000  to  the  Pasteur  Institute. 

Jacob  H.  Sohiff,  of  New  York:    $50,000  to  the  Hebrew  Sheltering  Home. 

M.  Audrac,  of  Luc,  France:    $300,000  to  tiie  Pasteur  Institute. 

Unknown  donor:    $100,000  to  the  Chair  of  Chemistry,  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Unknown  donor:     $100,000  to  the  New  York  Presbytery. 

Unknown  donors:    $1,000,000  to  Teachers'  College  of  New  York. 

John  A.  Creig'hton,  of  Omaha,  Neb. :    $000,000  to  various  colleges. 

Ambrose  K.  Ely,   of  Livingston,   N.   J.:  $80,000   to   charjties. 

J.  G.  Schmidlapp,  o<f  Cincinnati:  $250,000  for  a  young  women's  home.  (Gift  suggested 
by  the  case  of  Evelyn  Thaw.) 

E.   P.  Dwight,   of  Philadelphia:    $200,000  to  religious  puriJOses. 

Mile.  Louise  H.  Leclere,  of  New  York:    $200,000  for  the  elevation  of  public  morals. 

E.  S.  Ellsworth,  of  Marshalltown,  Iowa:    $250,000  to  Ellsworth  College. 
Jklrs.   George  Straut,  of  New  YorH;    $500,000  to  churches,  schools  and  homes. 
Mrs.  Grace  Redpath,  of  London:    $150,000  to  McGill  University,  Toronto. 
Unknown  donor:    $200,000  to  Union  Theological  Seminary,  New  York. 
Unknowm  donor;    $1,200,000  to  Princeton  University. 

F.  P.  Furnald:    $G00,000  to  Columbia  University  and  girls*  societies. 
Miss  Eliza  O.  Ropes:    $2,000,000  to  Harvard  and  other  schools. 

Miss  Anna  T.  Jeanes,  Quakeress,  of  Philadelphia:  $1,000,000  to  the  education  of 
negroes;  also  SI, 000, 000  to  Swarthmore  College,  on  condition  athletics  be  abolished  at  the 
institution.     The  trustees  are  holding  the  offer  under  advisement, 

John  Porterfield,  of  Pittsburgh:    $1,000,000  to  the  poor. 

Benjamin  Thaw,   of  Pittsburgh:    $50,000  to  education. 

Mrs.  James  A.  Bailey,  widow  of  the  showman:  $100,000  to  Mount  Vei*non,  New  York, 
for  a  hospital. 

Albert  Willcox,  of  New  York:  $357,000  to  the  Audubon  Society,  for  (lie  preservation 
of  birds. 

W.  K.  Vanderbllt.  Sr.:    $100,000  to  Vanderbilt  University,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Captain  James  H.  Hooker,  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.:  $250,000  to  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment. 

Prescott  Keyes,  of  Concord,  Mass.:  $300,000  each  to  Harvard  and  Tuskegee  Institutes 
and  to  the  Waltham  (Mass.)  Hospital. 

John  M.  Burke,  of  New  York:    $4,000,000  to  a  home  for  convalescents. 

George  Westinghouse:     $1."0,000  to   the   Pittsburgh  Y.   M.    C.   A. 

D.  Willis  James,   of  New  York:     $1,000,000  to  leading  universities. 

Archdeacon  C.  C.  Tiffany,  of  the  P.   E.  Church.  New  York:    $100,000  to  the  deaconesses. 

Thomas  R.  Proctor,  of  Utica.  N.  Y. :    $500,000  for  public  parks. 

Robert  N.  Carson,  of  Philadelphia:  $5,000,000  to  found  "Carson  College,"  for  girls,  at 
Philadelphia,   on   the  plan  of  Girard   College,    for  boys. 

Miss  Florence  Lvman.   of  Boston:     $250,000  to   charities. 

W.  W.  Astor:    $500,000  to  Oxford  Universi'ty,  England. 


JSlect)'ical  Progress  in  1907.  513 

SSlcctrical  iJrofjrcss  in  1907.* 

"While  in  some  respects  the  progress  in  1907  was  not  so  phenomenal  as  during  the 
preceding  year,  it  was  more  substantial  because  more  conservative.  The  money  slrin- 
gencjy  in  the  latter  half  of  the  year  affected  the  producing  industries,  but  did  not  seriously 
retai-d  the  general  advance.  Assuming  a  10  per  cent,  increase,  the  electrical  apparatus 
produced  in  this  country  was  probably  worth  $1275,000,000.  The  earnings  of  public  utility 
corporations,  estimated  from  the  two  preceding  years,  were  at  least  $1,000,000,000,  so  that 
the  combined  cost  of  electrical  service  and  goods  in  this  country  easily  totalled  $1,250,- 
000,000.  Electric  railways  still  represent  the  largest  investments  and  earnings,  the 
capitalization  being  about  $4,000,000,000,  and  the  combined  revenues  last  year  over 
$1,000»000  a  day,  or  approximately  10  per  cent,  more  than  in  190G.  Proportionately, 
electric  lighting  advanced  even  more,  and  the  business  is  now  close  to  one-haJf  that  of 
street  railways.  Many  companies  reported  a  25  per  cent,  increase.  Incandescent  lamp 
sales  were  about  that  amount  greater  and  cui^rent  sales  still  greater.  Telephone  business 
was  also  greatly  increased,  and  the  trend  in  all  three  fields  was  lower  cost,  higher 
economy,  and  better  service.  Export  trade  in  all  lines  was  better  than  ever,  and  the 
value  of  electrical  instruments  and  machinery  exported  probably  ran  well  into  $19,000,000. 
In  scientific  achievement  the  field  of  electro-metallurgy  was  moit  prominent. 

Household  applications  of  electricity  were  much  extended.  Electric  radiators,  cooking 
utensils,  flat  irons,  and  motors  for  driving  sewing  machines,  washing  machines,  coffee 
grinders,  meat  choppers,  freezers,  etc.,  are  now  available  at  moderate  prices,  and  cheap 
current  is  more  widely  distributed.  An  electrical  device  that  became  of  notable  industrial 
importance  was  the  lifting  magnet  for  handling  heavy  pieces  of  iron  and  steel,  or  numbers 
of  loose  pieces,  in  connection  with  cranes  and  hoists,  where  it  takes  the  place  of  hooksi 
or  slings,  and  saves  time  in  loading  and  unloading. 

TELEGRAPHY  AND  TELEPHONY. 

A  serious  impediment  to  the  extension  of  the  existing  telegraph  companies  in  the 
United  States  was  the  strike  of  the  Commercial  Telegrapher's  Union  last  Summer,  wliich 
severely  hampered  the  service  and  reduced  tlie  profits.  It  may,  however,  prove  a  benefit 
to  projected  companies.  One  of  these,  the  New  American  Union  Telegraph  Company,  pi'e- 
pared  to  begin  operations  the  first  of  this  year  transmitting  telegrams  over  leased  telephone 
wires  by  a  method  that  allows  using  them  for  both  purposes.  Another,  the  Telepost  Com- 
i>any,  will  in  part  use  telephone  wires  also.  Greatly  increased  transmitting  speed  by  the  use 
of  Dhe  Delany  apparatus  is  the  feature  of  the  Telepost  system.  Heretofore  rapid  mechanical 
telegraphy  was  limited  by  the  static  effect  or  capacity  of  the  line,  but  this  characteristic 
is  utilized  by  the  I>elanj^  system  and  becomes  an  advantage  instead  of  an  obstacle. 
Another  advantage  is  independence  of  weather  conditions  and  outside  magnetic  or  electric 
disturbances.  Last  year  the  Telepost  Company  was  organized  and  will  shortly  open  its 
first  section.  The  systein  was  practically  tested  for  over  a  year  and  proved  its  ability  to 
transmit  1,000  words  a  minute.  One  wiz-e  will  send  the  work  of  a  number  of  operators, 
who  can  be  simultaneously  preparing  the  messages  for  transmission.  With  the  present 
quadruplex  sending  two  messages  each  way  at  one  time  it  would  require  seventeen  wires 
to  do   the  work  of  one  Telepost  wire. 

Commercial  service  between  Nova  Scotia  and  Ireland  by  the  Marconi  wireless  system 
was  inaugurated  October  IS.  Nearly  five  years  ago  the  first  message  was  sent  across 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  commercial  service  was  attempted  two  years  ago,  but  abandoned 
because  the  apparatus  was  not  sufficiently  powerful  and  sensitive.  Daylight  transmission 
is  now  nearly  as  satisfactory  as  sending  by  night.  Experimental  wireless  stations  T\*ere 
ereoted  in  France  to  test  tiie  Artom  system,  and  a  Slaby-Arco  wireless  station  was  estab- 
lished at  Tsingtau,  China,  by  the  German  Government.  Wireless  telegrapliy  proved  no 
serious  competitor  of  the  cable  as  evidenced  by  the  new  cables  laid  last  year.  It  is 
believed  that  it  will  only  partly  relieve  the  congested  traffic  on  the  existing  thirteen 
transatlantic  cables.  The  new  cables  were  one  from  Manila  to  Shanghai,  laid  by  the 
Commercial  Cable  Company  last  Spring,  and  a  direct  cable  from  New  York  to  Havana, 
opened  October  14.  The  Central  and  South  American  Cable  Company  placed  its  New  Yoi-k 
to  Colon  cable  in  operation  September  1. 

Automatic  exchanges,  as  operated  by  the  independent  telephone  companies,  were  more 
In  evidence  than  ever.  .Some  74  cities  in  this  country  have  adopted  the  automatic  system. 
Another  independent  development  is  the  Clement-Automanual,  a  semi-automatic  system, 
and  the  initial  installation  was  ordered  for  Ashtabula,  Ohio.  It  is  adapted  for  use  in 
conjunction  with  any  central  energy  manual  system  now  in  operation.  A  call  is  connected 
by  manipulating  a  keyboard  similar  to  that  of  an  adding  machine,  and  no  cords  or  plugs 
are  used.  It  claims  speed,  accuracy,  secrecy,  and^  economy.  From  40  to  "SO  per  cent, 
fewer  operators  are  required  than  for  a  purely  manual  system.  Between  Columbus  and 
Dayton.  Ohio,  successful  experiments  were  tried  for  the  first  time  in  long-distance 
telephony  through  automatic  exchanges.  Telephonic  communication  was  officially  opened 
July  10  betv.een  Melbourne  and  Sydney,  Austi-alia,   over  600  miles. 

The  success  had  with  De  Forest  wireless  telephones  on  two  United  States  battleships 
led  to  the  decision  to  place  the  apparatus  on  some  of  the  vessels  of  the  fleet  going  to  the 
Pacific  this  year.  A  speaking  range  of  five  miles  is  guaranteed  in  all  weathers,  and 
22  miles  was  covered  in  one  test.  Between  Berlin  and  Nauen,  Germany,  speech  was 
transmitted  12  miles  by  wireless  telephony.  A  new  system  of  wireless  telephony  employs 
a  hydraulic  microphone  transmitter  invented  by  Prof.  Majorana,  an  Italian,  and  reported 
good  results.     (See  also  "Telephone  Statistics. "J 

ELECTRIC  LIGHTING. 
New  kinds  of  light  or  new  ways  of  producing  it  were  not  so  much  in  evidence  last 
year  as  new  ways  of  distributing  it.  A  phase  of  the  art  formerly  neglected  received  a  big 
inipetus  through  the  Illustrated  Engineering  Society,  which  was  founded  in  January, 
1906,  and  now  has  about  1,000  members.  Its  principal  aim  is  to  correct  the  evils  of  most 
electric    light   installations,    whioh    are    wasteful    and   injurious   to    the    eyes,    and   it   has 


514  miectrlcal  Proyre&s  in  1907, 

•  KLECTRK;AL  progress  in  im)l—ConUnued. 


added  much  la  the  available  scientific  data.  Anolhfr  of  its  purposes  is  to  bring  about  an 
International  unit  of  luminous  inten.sity,  which  i3  greatly  needed  because  present  standar>l:3 
are  not  uniform. 

Use  of  high  efficlencj'  lighting  units  increased  markedly,  these  being:  such  as  tha 
Nernst  and  Gem  lamps,  Moore  and  CoDper-Hewitt  tubes  and  "tantalum  and  tung-sten  flla- 
niiint  lamps.  The  Zirconiuni-tung-sten  lamp  was  decidedly  improved,  the  filament  breakage 
being  reduced,  size  of  the  lamp  decreased,  and  any  i)t>sili()n  made  luissible.  The  Sirius 
colloid  lamp,  developed  by  Hans  Kuzel,  of  N'ienna,  is  one  of  the  tungsten  vaiioty  in  which 
the  metal  exists  in  the  colloidal  state.  The  advantage  is  greater  flexibility,  which 
decreases  the  fragility.  It  claims  a  life  well  over  1,000  hours  at  one  watt  per  candle.  A 
number  of  new  makes  of  metallic  or  metallized  filament  lamps  were  put  on  the  market 
during  the  year,  and  there  was  also  an  increase  in  the  number  of  flaming  ai'cs  offered. 
The  latter  are  in  very  extensive  use  abroad  and  are  being  rapidly  adopted  here  as  the 
most  efficient  form  of  light  known. 

A  new  mercury  vapor  lamp  was  offered  commercially  last  year  in  Germany,  having  a 
fused  quartz  tube  in  place  of  a  glass  tube,  which,  by  permitting  higher  temperatures, 
enables  a  higher  illuminating  efficiency.  The  current  consumption  per  candle  power  is 
much  less,  the  color  is  better  since  red  rays  appear,  the  life  is  longer,  and  the  lamp  is 
much  smaller  for  equal  candle  power.  The  light  promises  to  be  mainly  a  competitor  of 
the  arc  lamp,  since  its  intensity  makes  it  more  an  outdoor  than  an  indoor  illuminant. 
Another  new  German  lamp,  designed  to  remove  the  disagreeable  color  of  the  mercury 
vapor  light,  combines  in  such  a  lamp  an  incandescent  cai'bon  filament,  which  serves  to 
start  the  vaporization  of  the  mercury. 

Although  one  of  the  youngest  of  the  electrical  industries,  the  nianufacture  of  incan- 
descent lamps  is  one  of  the  largest.  The  estimated  output  for  1007  was  over  200,000,000 
lamps,  nearly  double  that  of  two  years  ago  and  nearly  eight  times  that  of  1900. 

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY  AND  ELECTRO-METALLURGY. 

Edison's  long-promised  storage  battery  or  accumulator  was  finally  offered  to  the 
market  in  December.  This  has  been  in  process  of  experimental  development  for  several 
years,  but  was  withheld  until  perfected  to  the  inventor's  satisfaction.  Its  principal  defects, 
as  applied  to  automobiles,  w-ere  limited  range  of  action  and  lack  of  ability  to  withstand 
jarring,  and  these,  it  is  claimed,  have  now  been  removed. 

Several  electro-chemical  and  metallurgical  industries  were  established  in  England.  In 
London  a  commercial  process  of  producing  electrolytic  disinfectant  was  successfully  em- 
ployed. A  solution  of  sodiunj  and  magnesium  chlorides,  when  acted  upon  by  an  electric 
current  liberates  chlorine  in  the  solution.  The  disinfectant  is  used  to  water  roads,  market 
places,  etc.,  and  is  dispensed  to  the  public  for  household  use.  In  Germany  electrical 
methods  of  extracting  nitrogen  from  the  air  for  fertilizers  and  explosives  attracted  increased 
attention.  Two  large  companies  prepared  to  engage  in  this  process.  At  Nottoden,  Norway, 
a  large  plant  was  placed  in  operation  manufacturing  nitrate  of  lime  and  soda  and  nitric 
acid  electrically  by  the  Birkland-Eyde  process.  Water  purification  and  sewage  sterilization 
by  electricity  were  both  advanced  in  efficiency  last  year. 

The  statement  was  made  last  July  by  Bertram  Blocint  before  the  British  Institution 
of  Civil  Engineers  that  "at  the  present  time  there  is  more  solid  progress  being  made  in 
electro-metallurgy  tlian  at  any  previous  time."  The  manufactua-ing  of  iron  and  ste&l, 
aluminum,  sodium,  and  the  refining  of  ct>pper  were  referred  to  as  the  principal  such 
Industries.  A  notable  series  of  experiments  with  the  Heroult  electric  furnace  in  reducing 
Iron  ores  was  conducted  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  under  the  patronage  of  the  Canadian  Govern- 
ment, to  determine  the  practicabilit:'  of  electric  iron  smelting.  High-grade  alloy  steels 
are  now  being  made  in  various  Austrian  plants  using  the  Kjellin,  the  Keller,  and  the 
Heroult  electric  furnaces.  More  was  heard  of  the  induction  type  of  furnace  than  before, 
and  it  now  holds  promise  of  considerable  value  -.n  metallurgical  work.  Becket  and  Price 
took  out  several  patents  on  the  production  of  ferro  alloys  in  such  an  electric  furnace. 

ELECTRIC    RAILWAYS. 

An  important  factor  in  the  progress  of  the  year  was  steam  railroad  electrification,  very 
extensive  plans  for  which  were  begun.  The  electrification  of  the  New  York  terminal  of 
the  New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  Railroad  was  extended,  all  of  the  terminal  trains 
now  being  operated  electrically.  The  New  York,  New  Haven  and  Hartford  Railroad  com- 
pleted its  electrification  as  far  as  Stamford,  Ct.  These  two  roads  afford  comparison 
of  the  two  standard  types  of  equipment— direct  current  low  potential,  as  used  by  the  New 
York  Central,  and  single-phase  alternating  current  high  potential,  as  used  by  the  New 
Haven  road.  The  former  operates  suburban  trains  on  the  multiple  unit  system,  the 
latter  uses  locomotives,  and  both  use  locomotives  for  hauling  steam  trains  through  the 
electrified  zone.  The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  also  decided  on  single  phase  alternating 
current,  and  the  first  of  its  locomotives  for  use  through  the  Hudsi^n  and  East  River 
tunnels  was  tested  with  marked  success.  Abroad,  the  Prussian  Railway  decided  to 
electrify  a  part  of  its  lines;  Bavaria  was  considering  the  almost  complete  use  of  electricity; 
the  Austrian  authorities  decided  to  adopt  electricity  on  the  Arlberg  Railway,  and  Berlin's 
local  electric  service  was  considerably  extended.  Among  the  numerous  electrified  urban 
and  interurban  roads  was  the  system  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway  to  connect  San 
Francisco  with  Oakland.   Berkeley,   and  adjacent  points. 

While  progress  was  shown  in  extending  local  street  railways  and  building  new  ones, 
It  was  not  so  striking  as  the  increase  of  interurban  service.  Several  interurban  lines  have 
nearly  invaded  the  steam  railroad  field,  and  are  now  operating  sleeping,  parlor,  and  fre4ght 
cars.  H.  F.  Holland,  of  the  Holland  Palace  Car  Company,  brought  out  an  improved 
combination  parlor  and  sleeping  car  for  interurban  railways.  Five  electric  roads  were 
equipped  last  year  to  use  direct  current  at  1,200  volts.  « 

POWER    AND    POWER    TRANSMIS.SION.  * 

Of  the  various  forms  of  prime  movers  steam  turbines  and  gas  engines  were  used  more 
than   ever,    and    reciprocating   steam    engines   held   their   own,    but   water   powers    attracted 


The  American  .Bison  Soeletj/ .  515 


ELECTRICAL  PROGRESS  IN  l^iOl— Continued. 


-  ■■ ^ — ' — — —  ■  ■  ■ ■ — ^j—^fc^^ 

the  nioBt  attention.  The  imiiipdiate  reason  is  the  need  of  cheaper  power,  but  it  is  linportant, 
too.  to  conserve  the  dwindling  supplies  of  coal  and  other  fuels  by  making  use  of  this 
inexhaustible  natural  resource.  In  this  country  the  developments  wrre  more  numerous 
in  the  West  and  South,  and  al)road,  particularly  where  coal  is  expensive,  there  was  even 
more  attention  griven  to  improving  available  water  powers.  One  of  these  countries.  France, 
Is  estimated  to  have  available  hydraulic  power  of  between  D.OOO.OW  and  10.000,000  horse 
power.  Germany  and  Switzerland  are  foremost  in  the  development  of  water  powers  to 
generate  electricity  for  general  industrial  purposes  and  the  operation  of  steam  roads 
which  it  is  intended  to  electrify.  Many  notable  undertakings  are  either  now  under  way 
or  the  plans  matured  to  be  shortly  carried  into  effect.  Among  them  ai-e  proposed  power 
dams  on  the  Mohne,  the  Nidda,  the  Eder,  the  Diemal,  and  the  Rhine.  Work  was  begun 
on  a  20.000-horse  power  hydro-electric  plant  in  Norway  to  utilize  the  water  of  the 
Ringedalsvand.  Tunnels  to  a  length  of  16,500  fe«t  will  be  constructed  and  40,000-horse 
power   will    be   made   available. 

The  most  novel  power  plant  of  its  kind  was  one  built  on  the  Patapsco  River,  near 
Ilchester,  Md..  which  was  the  first  to  be  located  within  the  dam  itself.  The  scheme  wa.s 
possible  by  using  reinforced  concrete  construction,  and  is  advantageous  in  that  one 
structure  serves  a  double  purpose  and  the  effective  head  of  the  water  is  increased. 
Natural  light  and  ventilation  are  secured  on  the  down-stream  side,  and  the  conditions 
within  are  as  comfortable  as  in  any  ordinarily  located   plant. 

Electric  power  in  mining  operations  has  advantages  which  are  quite  generally  appre- 
ciated, but  there  was  a  notable  increase  in  the  number  of  applications  last  year.  Prin- 
cipally the  electricity  replaces  compressed  air.  and  a  better  economy  is  obtained,  particu- 
larly when  storage  batteries  are  used  to  equalize  the  load  on  the  generators.  A  model 
electrical  equipment  was  that  installed  last  year  in  the  Thiederhall  Mines  in  Germany. 
The  use  of  electric  power  was  considerably  extended  in  the  Lake  Superior  copper  mines. 

In  the  deliberations  of  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers  mu^h  attention 
was  given  to  high  tension  line  construction.  The  greater  economy  of  large  stations 
emphasizes  the  desirability  of  large  areas  of  current  distribution.  Improved  forms  of 
insulators  have  made  higher  pressures  allowable,  so  that  longer  lines  may  be  erected 
before  a  prohibitive  expense  for  conductors  is  reached.  The  Grand  Rapids-Muskegon 
Power  Company's  72.000-volt  line,  which  is  i)2  miles  long  and  has  the  highest  working 
voltage  in  the  world,  was  more  successful  than  expected  and  afforded  valuable  data  on 
insulating  and  suppoi^ting  such  a  line.  A  new  type  of  insulator  carries  lines  by  suspension 
and  may  mark  a  departui-e  from  old  practice.  Last  Summer's  break  in  the  abnormally 
high  price  of  copper  was  -fortunate  for  the  extension  of  power  transmission  systems.  The 
development  of  Victoria  Falls  and  a  700-mile  transmission  was  still  talked  of,  but  its 
realization   remains  for   the   future. 

Not  all  high-tension  transmission  is  by  alternating  current.  For  several  years  the 
Thury  direct  current  system  has  been  applied  with  increasing  voltages.  At  last  accounts 
The  highest  in  use  was  57.000  volts  in  a  line  in  France,  and  another,  intended  to  transmit 
power  to  Paris  from  a  hydraulic  plant  on  the  Rhone,  near  the  Swiss  frontier,  was  proposed 
for  140,000  volts.  •  


^!)0  ^nurican  3Stson  Society* 

In  the  belief  that  Americans  generally  will  be  found  in  sympathy  with  a  carefully 
planned  movement  to  save  what  might  well  be  termed  their  national  animal,  and  in  order 
that  all  who  desire  may  take  part  in  the  work  of  preservation,  there  was  recently  organized 
in  New  York  City  the  American  Bison  Society,  which,  in  accordance  with  its  constitution, 
has  for  its  object  "the  permanent  preservation  and  increase  of  the  American  Bison." 

This  Society  will  seek  to  have  established  in  widely  separated  localities,  under  govern- 
ment auspices,  several  herds  of  buffalo,  on  suitable  ranges  (preferably  government  land), 
such  ranges  to  be  chosen  from  a  large  number  that  have  been  recommended  by  competent 
persons.  These  herds,  under  proper  management,  should  increase  until  the  race  is  no 
longer  in  danger  of  extinction. 

W'ith  this  end  in  view,  the  American  Bison  Society  has  now  begun  an  active  campaign. 
A  bill  calling  for  national  aid  in  the  establishing  of  several  buffalo  herds  is  already  under 
consideration.  In  the  meantime,  the  Society  purposes  to  make  a  determined  effort  to 
organize  the  interest  of  the  public  in  the  fate  of  the  American  buffalo,  and  presently  bring 
it  to  bear  in  such  manner  that  it  will  result  in  the  governments  of  both  the  United  States 
and- Canada    taking    active    measures    to    insure    that    animal's    preservation    and    increase. 

The  oflicei-s  and  managers  of  the  American  Bison  Society  are:  Honorary  Presidents— 'VheoAove 
Roosevelt.  I'resideut  of  the  United  States;  and  Earl  Grey,  Governor-General  of  Canada.  President— 
William  T.  Horiiadav.  Director  New  York  Zoological --Park.  Vice-Presidents— A.  A.  Anderson, 
President  of  the  Camp  Fire  Club  of  America;  Prof.  Franklin  W.  Hooper,  Director  of  Brooklyn  Inst, 
of  Arts   and     Scieiice>!.      iSVcre/oc?/ -Ernest    Harold    Bajnies,     "Sunset    Ridge."    Meriden,    N.  H. 

Boftrd  of  Manar/ers  —  A.  A.  Anderson.  New  York;  Ernest  Harold  Baynes,  Meriden,  N.  H. ; 
Herbert  L.  Bridgman,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  Dr.  H.  C.  Bumpus,  Director  American  Museum 
of  Natural  Histo]-y;  Dr.  Charles  B.  Davenport.  -Director  'Biological  Station,  Carnegie  Insti- 
tution, Cold  Spring  Harbor,  L.  I.;  Prof.  Morton  J.  Elrod.  University  of  Montana;  Madison 
Grant.  Secretary  New  York  Zoological  Society;  Prof.  Franklin  W.  Hooper,  Director  of 
Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences;  William  T.  Hornaday,  Director  New  York  Zoological 
Park;  C.  J.  Jones.  Topeka,  Kan.;  Prof.  David  Starr  .Tordan,  Leland  Stanford  University, 
California;  Frederic  II.  Kennard,  Boston;  Frederic  A.  Uucas.  Curator  of  Museum,  Brooklyn 
Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences;  Dr.  Charles  S.  Minot.  President  of  Boston  Society  of  Natural 
History;  Prof.  Henry  F.  Osborn,  Ph.D..  Columbia  University,  New  York;  Dr.  T.  S.  Palmer, 
Assistant  in  Charge  of  Game  Preservation.  Biological  Survey.  Washington.  D.  C. ;  Com- 
mander Robert  E.  Peary.  U.  S.  N. ;  A.  Bovven  Perry.  Comn:issioner  Royal  N.  W.  Mounted 
Police,  Regina.  Canada;  John  M.  Phillips.  Pittsburgh.  Pa.:  Gifford  Pinchot.  Forester.  Wash- 
ington, D.  C:  Edmund  Seymour.  New  York;  Harry  W.  Smith.  M.  F.  IL.  Grafton  Hounds, 
Worcester.  Mass.;  C.  H.  Stonebridge,  New  York  City:  John  E.  Thayer.  Boston;  William 
Lyman    Underwood,   Clark  Wiliiams,  New  York;   Prof.    Calvin   M.   Woodward,    LLi.    D. 


510  Mevlew  of  Scientijic  I^rogress  in  1907. 


HciDiclD  Of  ^cicntiftc  IJroijrcris  in  1907. 

ARCHAEOLiOGY. 

From  the  land  of  the  Pharaohs,  where  the  secret  tomhs  of  over  half  a  hundred  ajicient 
monarchs— gieat  subterranean  vaults— have  already  been  explored,  reports  were  i\eceived  of 
the  excavating  of  the  Oldest  temple  by  1,000  years.  This  is  an  Ainerit.an  enterprise,  and 
will  doubtless  enrich  the  museums  of  New  \ork  City  and  other  contributing  centres,  as 
well  as  the  National  Museum  at  Cairo.  Egypt  continued  to  contribute  Invaluable  papyri 
and  inscriptions.  The  discovery  of  Menander's  comedies  has  bi-en  followed  by  new  sur- 
prises. From  the  frontiers  of  Kgypt  and  Wubia,  close  to  the  tropica,  tlie  little  island  of 
Elephantine  yielded  ancient  Hebrew  documents  dating  from  400  B.  C,  and  revealing  ilio 
existence  of  a  temple  of  Jehovah  in  that  locality.  These  writings  make  m.^ntion  of 
liiijlical  characters— Yehohanan,  high  prieat  of  Jerusalem,  and  Sanballat,  Governor  of 
Stmaria,  and  refer  to  the  foregrround  of  liistory.  Together  with  letters  revealing-  dei.ttjis 
of  daily  life,   they  constitute  a  veritable  ireasure-trove. 

Fresh  discoveries  rewarded  sriontific  re.search  in  other  lands,  nr.tably  in  Central  Asia 
and  also  in  Palestine,  where  much  posilivn  information  has  been  obtained  regaidin^  the 
period  preceding  the  .Jewish  conquest  and  more  Important  discoveries  (bearing  on  the 
h'ter  periodi  are  anticipated.  Further  contributions,  howevf>r,  arp  needed  for  the  prosecu- 
tion of  the  work.  In  Greece  a  consideralWe  section  of  the  marketplace  of  ancient  Corinth 
has  been  cleared,  and  the  Odeion.  or  conrr-rt-hall,  prosfuted  to  the  city  by  Herodes  Atticus, 
discovered  and  partially  excavated.  Impoi-tant  research  was  also  carried  on  in  the  outer 
Keraineikos.  Here  have  ber-n  unearthed  the  bases  Of  the  Ambass-adors'  Monument  and 
the  Tomb  of  Pythagoras.     Research   was  alfo  continued  at  Olympia  and  Tlryus. 

The  excavation  of  the  Roman  Forum  is  now  almost  comi>let<^.  after  nine  years'  work. 
Italy,  it  was  announced,  would  carry  <^n  the  excavations  of  Herculaneum  without  for- 
eign   aid. 

ASTRONOMY. 

The  possibilities  of  progress  In  the  observation  and  study  of  the  stars  have  been 
greatly  increased  by  Professor  Todd,  of  Amherst  College,  who  devised  a,  means  of  operating 
at  astonishing  altitudes  with  the  aid  of  a  tank  of  compressed  air.  During  their  operations 
In  South  America,  the  Professor  and  iSIr.  E.  C.  Siiphcr  secured  10.000  pictures  of  the 
planet  Mans.  The  double  canals  wero  iihotographcd.  and  an  entirely  new  map  will  be  made. 
The  canals  undoubtedly  vary  with  th°  seasoui?,  indicating  vegetable  and  probably  animal 
and  "human"  life.  Other  lines  of  evidence  converge  to  the  same  conclusion,  particularly 
the  results  secured  at  Flagstaff,  Ariz.,  by  Professor  Lowell,  who  photographed  the  double 
canals  in  the  Northern  Hemisr>hore  and  directed  the  work  in  South   Ajnerica. 

Curious  phenomena  described  as  "knots"  or  gaps  were  detected  in  the  rings  of  the 
planet  Saturn,  and  unusually  fine  photogra!>hg  were  secured  of  the  transit  of  Mercury  on 
November  14.  Fragments  of  the  rings  of  Saturn  are  certainly  falling  in  upon  the  planet, 
iiut.  according  to  Professor  L<ov,-ell.  the  process  Is  neither  new  nor  catastrophic,  it  is 
especially  interesting,  as  illustrating  the  celestial  mechanism  and  the  working  of  the 
law  of  gravitation.  The  "markings"  on  the  planet  Venus  were  seen  by  three  observers  at 
Flagstaff,  where  the  Lowell  observatory  affords  splendid  facilities  for  astronomical  research. 

From  a  studj'  of  stellar  motion  by  Mr.  Edr'ington,  of  Greenv.-ich.  it  appeared  that 
Kapteyn's  hypothesis  was  correct  as  to  division  into  two  groups  or  "drifts,"  and  that  one 
of  the  drifts  moves  relatively  to  the  sun  abou*-  three  times  as  fast  as  the  other.  In  the 
number  and  magnitude  of  the  units  composing  them  these  two  drifts  would  appear  about 
equally    bal9.nced. 

Investigation  of  the  movements  of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  comets  by  the  French 
astronomer  Fayet  justifies  the  belief  that  comets  never  have  their  origin  outs"ide  the  solar 
system. 

Experiments  by  G.  S.  Burns  showed  the  ratio  of  total  starlight  to  full  moonlight  to 
be   a   little   less   than    1:100. 

che:.iistry. 

The  astonishing  conversion  of  copper  into  lithium  (a  far  ligliter  substance)  hy  Sir 
Wiliam  Ramsay,  of  England,  created  a  sensation  in  scientific  circles  and  intenalfiod  Interest 
In  the  mystery  of  radium.  Chemists  api^eav  to  be  divided  into  opposing  scliools  on  the 
interpretation  of  such  phenomena.  The  conservative  chemist  holds  to  the  old  idea  of  an 
"element" — experiments  showing  that  a  stib<?taace  hitherto  considered  elementary  has  been 
disintegrated  prove  to  hini  only  that  it  was  v>'rongly  classified.  The  radical  scientist,  on 
the  other  hand,  is  very  apt  to  interpret  such  plienflmena  as  indicating  the  possibility  of 
disrupting  all  the  socalled  elem<^j!ts  and  thereby  altering  our  conceptions  of  matter.  The 
odors  from  metals  apjjear  to  differ  fundamentally  from  the  metals  themselves.  C.  Gruhn. 
of  Berlin,  foimd  that  an  odor  sejjarated  from  its  metal  and  confined  in  a  vessel  beha\ed 
in  identicallj^  the  same  manner  as  the  emanations  from  radioactive  bouies,  and  it  is  now 
thought   that   such   phenomena  are   universal. 

i^rof.  Boltwood.  of  Y^ale,  announced  the  isolation  of  a  new  element  (named  ionium), 
the  possible  "parent"  of  radium.  By  many  radium  is  regarded  as  a  product  of  uranium. 
It  was  announced  that  a  substitute  for  radium  had  been  found  in  urayl  molybdate,  a 
substance  showing  the  same  radioactivity  as  radium  bromide. 

Further  progress  was  made  in  the  manufacture  of  diamonds  and  other  precious  .stones, 
and  radium   was  utilized   for   that  purpose. 

Chemical  imitation  of  plant  life  and  growth  was  made  a  subject  of  special  study, 
and  curiously  lifelike  cultures  produced  with  chemioal  precipitates.  The  chemical  inter- 
action of  pigments  as  affecting  the  permanency  of  paintings  was  Investigated  by  Eugene 
Lemaire.   of  Paris. 

As  an  inexi)enslve  motor  fuel  ethyl  alcohol  has  been  tested  with  very  promising  rcsu'ts. 

A  n?w  proce.'is  for  the  restoration  of  vulcanized  rubber  was  based  on  the  discovery  that 
it  was  soluble  in  terpinol.  and  a  method  of  manufacturing  rubber  from  wheat  mixed  with 
pyta'in   wis   .inother  Innovation. 

Investigations  by  Prof.  W.  E.  Dixon  point  to  the  conclusion  that  for  want  of  standard 


Hevieio  of  Schntific  Progress  in  1907.  517 

'  REVIEW  OF  SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS  IN  I^JM—ContimLcd. 

strength  and  quality  many  of  the  drugs  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  frequently  fail  as  remedial 
agei;t3,  even  when  properly  compounded,  and  that  there  is  a  considerable  loss  of  life  in 
consequence.  An  antidote  for  opium,  combretum  sundaicum,  was  reported  from  the 
Malay   Peninsula.         '  ^ 

It  is  now  known  that  a  chemical  poi.son  injected  in  the  sting  of  the  bee  is  a  cure  for 
rheumatism  by  a  process  of  "neuti-alization,"  which  was  made  the  subject  of  further 
research. 

On  February  2  the  distinguished  cliemist  and  geologist  Dimitri  I.  Mendeleef,  one  of 
the  world's  greatest  scientists,  died  at  St.  Petersburg.  To  Mendeleef  was  due  the  discovery 
of  the  famous  "periodic  law"  governing  the  relation  between  the  properties  of  chemical 
elements  and  their  atomic  w^eights.  Prof.  Mendeleef  predicted  the  existence  of  three 
elements  then  unknown,  and  outlined  their  properties.  His  prediction  was  subsequently 
verified  by  the  discovei-y  of  the  elements  now  known  as  gallium,  germanium,  and  scan- 
dium. 

The  famous  French  chemist,  P.  E.  Berthelot  (founder  of  synthetic  chemistry)  died 
suddenly  (on  hearing  of  the  dearth  of  his  wife)  on  March  25,  and  was  buried  in  the  Pantheon 
at  Paris.  His  death  followed  that  of  Henri  Moissan  (of  the  same  city),  another  noted 
name.  Instead  of  patenting  appliances  of  the  greatest  utility,  Moissan  gave  them  freely 
to  the  world. 

GEOLOGY    AND    PALEONTOLOGY. 

Charles  D.  Walcott,  under  whose  efficient  management  the  United  States  Geologifal 
Survey  more  than  doubled  the  sphere  of  its  activities,  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution   (the   highest  scientific  honor  in  the  gift  of  the   Government). 

The  Survey  now  employs  in  its  Reclamation  Service  over  500  civil  engineers  and 
assistants.  Within  four  years  it  reclaimed  280,000  aca^es  of  desert  wilderness,  in  whk'h 
thousands  of  settlers  found  better  homes.  The  service  has  already  worked  v.-onders  in  tha 
canyons  of  the  West,  and  it  is  proposed  to  cover  an  area  two-fifths  of  the  size  of  the 
whole  United  States. 

Petitions  from  tlie  Eastern,  Middle,  and  Southern  States  for  an  extension  of  the 
reclamation  system  have  been  sent  to  Congress.  It  was  shown  that  swamp  Iannis  aggre- 
gating about  50,000,000  acres  could  be  drained  and  rendered  available  for  12,000,000  people, 
with   an  increase  in  land  value  of  $5,000.(X)0,000. 

>  Atmospheric  conditions  as  a  contributing  cause  of  gas  explosions  was  a  question 
studied  in  connection  with  coal  mines.  The  va;lue  of  peat  as  a  producer  of  power  gas  is 
now  recognized,  as  a  result  of  investigation  by  the  Geological  Survey. 

Announcement  was  made  of  the  discovei-y  in  Nebraska  of  portions  of  nine  human 
skeletons,  pronounced  by  the  Nebraska  State  Geologist  to  be  at  least  1,000  j^ears  old. 
Tlipse  remains  differed  radically  from  those  of  later  Indian  tribes  (loess  and  fragments  of 
sliells  unearthed  e\idently  dated  from  the  Glacial  period).  Among  other  geological  dis- 
coveries reported  was  that  of  a  large  and  picturesque  cave  under  Lookout  Mountain,  near 
Chattanooga,    Tenn. 

ENGINEERING. 

Owing  to  the  frequent  accidents  on  American  railways,  the  regulation  of  speed  has 
become  a  matter  of  vital  importance.  Speed  indicators  were  placed  some  time  ago  on  all 
the  passenger  engines  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  system,  and  engineers  for- 
bidden to  "make  up  for  lost  time."  A  new  ruling  also  requires  that  an  engineer  be  able 
to  see  distant  signals  without  the  aid  of  glasses,  which  are  liable  to  be  broken  or  clouded 
while  a  train  is  running  at  the  rate  of  100  feet  per  second. 

Excess  of  phosphorus  in  steel  seems  to  have  been  the  principal  cause  of  the  harvest 
of  accidents  from  broken  rails,  commercialism  overruling  scientific  met?Jlurgy.  Another 
cause  of  derailment  was  believed  to  be  the  use  of  old-fashioned  types  of  frog  and  wheel- 
flange. 

Referring  to  the  automatic  stop  apparatus  on  the  express  tracks  of  the  New  York 
Subway,  "Railway  and  Locomotive  Engineering"  pointed  out  a  means  of  absolute  pro- 
tection against   further  collisions   in   the  country  at  large. 

Use  of  automatic  explosives  for  trains  passing  signals  was  also  proposed. 

Cars  made  of  steel  are  coming  into  general  use,  and  the  year  opened  with  a  strong 
demand  for  this  tvpe  of  rolling  stock,   both   freight  and  passenger. 

It  has  been  claimed  that  in  the  event  of  wrecks,  it  would  be  impossible  to  reach 
victims  encased  in  a  steel  car.  Such  cars,  have,  however,  shown  remarkable  strength  and 
endurance  in  collisions. 

The  first  steel  Pullman  sleeper,  completed  in  1907,  was  a  marvel  of  workmanship  and 
artistic  beauty.  ""  .  ^  ,  ,     ,  .^,. 

Streets  of  steel  have  been  proposed  to  the  City  of  Paris,  and  a  section  of  blocks,  with 
ridges  to  prevent  slipoing,  has  already  been  laid.  Nails  imbedded  in  asphalt.  wHh  points 
projecting,  surface  holes,  and  extreme  smoothness  and  insecurity  in  Winter  weather  have 
shown    the   need   of   newer   methods. 

An  ox>'Ucetylene  machine  for  severing  steel  and  iron,  combining  saiety  with  extreme 
speed,   found  much  favor  with  French  engineers. 

Several  new  types  of  hvdroplanes,   or  gliding  boats,   combining  great  motor  power  with 
extreme  lightness  of  construction,   showed  remarkable  speed   on   the   Seine,    near  Paris,   and 
a  machine  for  use  on  land  and  water  was  a  novelty  in  automobile  construction. 
'  On  August   10,    Prince   Scipio   Borghese   won   an   automobile   race   from   Peking   to  Paris, 

after  driving   his   car   nearlv   8,000   miles   in   two   months. 

Referring  to  the  proposed  tunnels  iinder  Behring  Strait,  the  Strait  of  Gibraltar,  the 
Strait  of  Messina,  and  the  Irish  Channel,  it  was  noted  by  a  London  engineering  journal 
that  there  were  more  subaqueous  tub?s  and  tunnels  unt'for  con'^tructinn  in  the  waters 
surrounding  New  York  Citv  than  at  all  other  points  combined.  In  aerial  cons-truction  in 
New  York  the  tower  of  the  Singer  Building  marks  a  new  departure,  being  612  feet  high 
above  the  curb. 


518  Geographical  Hesearch  in  1907, 

I  — : ~ ^ .        ■— ■  ■-  -  I  I  I  ■!         ■  ■  I  ■!       ■■■  ■  -      ■    Ml         ^ 

^fOflrap!)ical  i^rscarcl)  in  1907» 

AFRICA. 

In  their  native  cnUture.  as  well  as  in  tlieir  exrreptional  power  of  a?^slmllating  European 
civilization,  the  people  of  I'ganda  are  probably  llu-  mast  advuiKed  of  African  tribes.  They 
have  now  a  native  Parliament  and  courts,  and,  Iroin  the  first,  their  readiness  to  receive 
instruction  has  been  reniaikable.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Anglo-Egyptian  Soudan  may  be 
mentioned  as  a  vast  region  still  sunk  in  the  depths  of  barbarism.  With  an  area  one-third 
as  large  as  the  United  States,  the  land  under  cultivation  is  less  than  the  area  of  Long 
Island.  N.  Y.,  the  remainder  consisting  of  desert  and  primeval  forest.  The  demand  for 
unskilled  labor  is  far  in  excess  of  the  supply,  and  the  rate  of  wages  has  risen  considerablj'. 
According  to  Lord  Cromer,  the  most  important  political  issue  will  probably  be  the  abolition 
of  slavery  without  serious  disorder.  In  establishing  railroad  communication,  much  has 
already  been  done,  notably  in  lines  connectin.^  the  Soudan  and  the  Nile  Valley  and  the 
Province  of  Dongola  with  the  sea.  The  population  is  now  placed  at  l,otX),000  to  2,000,000 
(by   the  Soudan  Almanac   for  I'JOV). 

The  activity  of  the  French  in  consolidating  their  influence  in  the  Central  Sahara  was 
Illustrated  by  a  journey  of  15,200  miles  tT.'iO  over  mw  ground i  by  Captain  Arnaud,  across 
the  wh<jle  region   from  Algeria  to  the  coast  of  Dahomey,   at  Kotonu. 

In  East  Africa,  a  detailed  examination  of  the  interesting  region  between  Kilimanjaro 
and  the  Victoria  Xyanza  was  completed  by  Dr.  Jaeger  and  Herr  Oehler.  Marked  progress 
and  prosperity  was  reported  fi-om  South  Rhodesia.  Mr.  L.  A.  Wallace,  Chief  Surveyor 
to  the  British  South  Africa  Company  in  Northeastern  Rhodesia,  reported  that  there  are 
already  5,000  miles  of  astronomically  surveyed  routes  in  that  region.  Its  rich  cotton  soil 
iis  probably  its  best  recommendation.  There  are  also  extensive  forests  of  excellent  timber 
and  rich  mines  of  copper,  lead  and  zinc,  with  a  very  large  area  of  good  farming  land  in 
the  highlands. 

From  estimates  by  the  British  Cotton  Growers'  Association,  it  appeared  that  Northern 
Nigeria  may  probably  produce  at  some  future  time  7.000,000  bales  of  cotton,  enough  to 
supply  Great  Britain,   and  leave  a  large  quantity  for  other  countries. 

Railroads,  to  establish  quick  connection  between  the  mineral  fields  of  Katanga  and 
the  Atlantic  Coast,  a  distance  of  1.000  miles,  were  reported  under  construction.  The 
amount  of  copper  in  Katanga,  within  a  hundred  feet  of  the  surface,  ready  for  exploitation, 
is  enormous,   and   tin,   gold  and   coal   have  ailready   been   discovei-ed. 

ASIA. 

That  a  new  era  is  opening  in  China  was  very  evident  from  the  accounts  published  by 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Wingate  of  his  nine  years'  survey  and  exploration  in  the  northern  and 
central  sections.  In  the  ancient  City  of  Luchon.  and  also  in  Ngan-king,  the  capital  of 
Ngan-hwei.  rapid  progress  is  being  made  in  education  along  modern  lines.  Splendid  schools 
and  hospitals  are  in  operation,  and  the  thirst  foi-  Western  knowledge  is  apparent  on  every 
side.  The  inhabitants  of  Southern  Ngan-hwei  are  especially  eager  for  all  modern  and 
Western  improvements.  In  Northern  China  and  in  the  interior,  many  Chinese  are  eager 
for    the   extension    of    railroads,    telegraphs    and    mail    service    to    their    towns. 

Archaeological  research,  combined  with  geographical  exploration,  was  carried  on  in 
Central  Asia.  From  a  letter  received  from  the  anthropologist,  Dr.  Stein,  at  Kiria,  it  was 
learned  that  sections  (hitlierto  unexplored)  of  the  T^shkurgan  River  Valley  had  been 
systematically  surveyed,  as  well  as  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Mustagh-Ata  range  to  the 
latitude  of  Yang-Hissar.  Further  research  was  reported  in  the  high  mountains  south  of 
Khotan.  At  the  site  of  Khadalik,  Dr.  Stein  recovered  many  manuscripts  on  paper.  In 
Sanskrit,  Chinese,  and  in  the  unknown  language  of  old  Khotan.  besides  many  wooden 
tablets  inscribed  in  the  same  language,  and  some  in  Thibetan.  Large  rolls  of  a  Buddhistic 
text  in  Chinese  were  found,  having  on  the  reverse  what  was  evidently  a  translation  into 
the  old  language  of  Khotan.  These  may  supply  the  long-desired  clue  to  the  de'^lpiierment 
of  that  language.  The  geography  and  archaeology  of  Central  Asia  have  been  greatly 
advanced  by  Dr.  Stein's  investigations  In  conjunction  witih  the  researches  of  another  noted 
savant,   M.    Le   Coq. 

News  was  also  received  that  Dr.  Sven  Hedin  had  arrived  at  Ngangou-tso,  m  the 
southern  part  of  Thibet,  after  crossing  the  country  from  north  to  south,  and  discovering 
many  new  rivers,  lakes  and  mountains.  On  February  22,  he  wrote  from  Shigatse:  "The 
country  between  Ngangtsi-tso  and  the  Brahmaputra  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  portions 
of  Thibet.  The  plateau  stretching  to  the  south,  hitherto  unknown,  is  one  of  the  highest  on 
the  earth."  From  Stanagbo.  the  explorer  travelled  by  boat,  on  a  river  full  of  floating 
ice.  There  was  a  constant  stream  of  boats  with  pilgrims  on  their  way  to  the  New 
Year  festivals  at  Tashi  Lumpo  and  Sven  Hedin  met  with  a  very  hearty  welcome.  The 
Tashi-Lama  overwhelmed  him  with  kindness,  presents  and  provisions,  and  permitted  him 
to  sketch  and  photograph  at  will.  Between  Chinese  Turkestan  and  the  southern  border 
of  Thibet.  S40  miles  were  travelled  in  unexplored  country,  all  of  wliich  was  mapped,  points 
being  fixed   astronomicallv  and    i>anoramas   diawn. 

When  within  sight  of  Dangra-yum-tsa.  the  explorer  was  stopped  by  fifty  horsemon 
and  informed  that  he  could  go  wherever  he  wi.'^hed.  only  not  to  tlhe  holy  lal<e.  He  praised 
the  work  of  his  predecessors.  Major  Rider  and  Captain  Rawling.  as  evidenced  in  ttie 
kindness   and   hospitality   of   the   people. 

Further  south,  in  India,  political  agitation  and  unrest  was  one  of  the  features  that 
marked  the  year.  A  convention,  delimitating  spheres  of  influence  in  Asia,  notably  in 
Persia,  was  signed  by  England  and  Russia  on  August  31.  « 

The  Japanese  were  actively  engaged  in  developing  the  southern  half  of  the  Island 
of  Saghallen,  acquired  by  treaty  from  Russia  at  the  close  of  the  recent  war. 

EUROPE. 
Tlhe   Founders'    Medal   of   the   Royal    Geographical    Society    of   England   was   awarded 


Geographical  Heseareh  in  1007.  519 


to  Or.  Francisco  Moreno,  for  twenty  years'  research  in  South  America,  especially  Pata- 
ffoma  and  the  Southern  Andes. 

"Jhe   Ninth   International   Geogrraphical    Congress   will   be   held   in   Geneva,    Switzerland, 
July  27-AugTJ9t  6,   J90S.     Ten  scientific  excursion's   have  heen  arran^red,   some  of  which  will 
occur   before    the    congrress    meets,    and    others    inini'^'"^ *■"'■"■    aftav    arUrk.n-nrviAnt      'pho    hc,a<<i- 
quarters  of  the  committee  are  at  Athenee,   Geneva. 
Considerable  "  "       " 

of   which    was 

manding-  magni  .     _  ., ^   ^„  ^ ^  „   ^ „  .^a.. 

a  gallery  bored  in  the  mountain,  with  frequent  openings  in  the  rock.  At  the  summit, "a 
tunnel  under  the  glaciers  will-  protect  the  line  from  avalanclies.  This  part  of  the  line  will 
take  many  years  to  eonstruct, 

AMERICA. 

Progress  in  the  topographic  map  of  the  United  States,  with  work  in  thirtv-one  States 
and  Territories,  was  announced.  Two  parties  were  engaged  in  Alaska,  making  detailed 
maps  of  mining  districts. 

_  The  Geological  Survey  arranged  to  carry  on  measurements  of  the  quantity  of  water 
in  important  streams  at  over  six  hundred  gauging  stations  in  fortv-two  States  (in  the  fiscal 
year  1907-8t.  Lnder  the  present  syaitem.  it  is  probable  that  within  twenty  years  practically 
all  the  land  available  foi*  irrigation  will  have  been  utilized  and  tihe  demand  for  new  land 
as  strong  as  ever.  Hence,  any  plan  making  it  possible  to  avoid  the  enormous  waste  of 
water  by  evajioration  is  worthy  of  careful  consideration. 

From  observations  by  an  exi^edition  from  the  desert  station  of  the  Carnegie  Institu- 
tion, the  Salton  I^ake  was  found  to  cover  an  area  of  nearly  seven  hundred  square  miles. 

Announcement  was  made  of  a  magnetic  survey  of  Mexico,  under  the  joint  auspices 
of  the  Carnegie  Institution  and  the  Mexican  Government. 

Prof.  Chas.  W.  Brov/n,  who  visited  Jamaica  to  study  the  effects  of  seismic  disturb- 
ances, found  that  the  earthquake  which  destroved  the  City  'of  Kingston  was  confined  in  its 
area  of  gn-eatest  destruction  to  small  limits  on  alluvial  ground.  About  85  per  cent,  of  the 
buildings  in  the  closely  built  city  were  destroved.  Eighty  shocks  were  noticed  between 
January   14  and  February  r.,  and  others  have  occurred   since. 

Increasing  interest  has  been  shown  in  the  Republics  of  South  America.  A  studv 
of  the  climate  of  the  Amazon  basin  region  by  Paul  I^e  Cointe  (based  on  fourteen  years"' 
experience)  .'^howed  that  tiie  temperatures  of  this  region,  comparatively  little  known, 
though  high,  were  very  uniform  and  not  excessive.  The  seasonal  divisions  are  determined 
by  rainfall.  Floods  occur  v.-irh  rpgul3.rity,  covering  immense  areas  and  forcing  the  inhabi- 
tants to*  live  in  boats  or  seek  the  upper  stories  of  their  dwellings.  Malaria  (which  seems 
to  occur  in  the  absence  of  mos(]uitoesi  and  other  tropical  diseases  arej,  unfortunately,  a 
setrious  barrier   to  exploration  and   settlement. 

Tlie  Geographical  and  Geological  Commission  of  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil,  issued  a  very  full 
report,   describing  in  detail  the  explorations  and  survey  of  the  larger  rivers  of  the  State. 

An  extension  of  the  railway  at  Guayaquil  (on  the  western  slope  of  the  Andes)  to 
Quito,  Ecuador,  was  reported,  and  also  the  beginning  of  a  line  down  the  Atlantic  slope 
of  the  Peruvian  Andes,  to  connect  the  Amazon  witJh  the  Pacific.  The  road  over  the  Andes, 
which  Cnile  and  Argentina  are  building,  the  last  Mnk  in  the  line  across  the  continent, 
wa^  nearing  completion. 

POLAR    RESEARCH. 

News   was    received   from    Buenos   Ayres    that    the    Argentine    research    ship,    Uruguav, 

had  returned  from  a  perilous  voyage  to  Scotia  Bay,  South  Orknev  Islands,  whither  she 
had  gone  to  relieve  the  members  of  a  meteorological  party  who  had  spent  more  than  a 
year  on  that  desert  island,  continuing  the  work  initiated  by  the  Scottish  Antarctic  exoedi- 
tiion  of  1903.  Another  party  then  embarked  for  Wendel  Island  (vvest  side  of  Graham 
L/and).  Observations  were  continued  at  South  Georgia,  and  plans  were  made  for  estab- 
lishing stations  in  the  South  Sandwich  group  and  on  the  wesr  side  of  the  Falklands.  All 
this  work  is  under  the  control  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  whose  meteorological  service 
IS  in  the  highest   state   of  efficiency. 

King  Edward  VII.  Land  was  selected  as  the  base  of  operations  bv  Lieutenant  Shackle- 
ton  for  a  British  expedition  to  the  Antarctic.  An  attempt  will  be  made  to  reach  the 
South  Pole  by  a  party  of  three,  with  six  Siberian  ponies  and  a  motor  car.  A  Belgian 
expedition  for  the  South  Pole  was  announced  under  the  leadership  of  Dr.   H.   Arctowski. 

Of  special  interest  was  the  Arctic  journey  of  Captain  Mikkelson  and  Mr.  Leffingwell 
on  sledges  to  lat.  71  deg.  17  min.  N.,  long.  147  deg.  44  min.  W.,  which  was  accomplished 
under  the  most  adverse  conditions.  Pickaxes  wer^  in  constant  use  (until  lost),  and  a 
raft  w^as  improvised  with  sledges  when  necessarv.  Five  hundred  and  thirtv-three  nautical 
miles,  lagoon  ice  and  drift  included,  were  made  on  the  trip.  .361  over  pack  ice.  Valuable 
information  regarding  ice  conditions  in  Beaufort  Sea  was  one  of  the  scientific  results.  On 
September  14  a  despatch,  correcting  the  report  that  the  partv  had  perished,  was  sent  from 
l>:ukon  Crossing  to  THE  WORLD  by  the   anthropologist.   Mr."  Stefanson. 

The  equipment  of  a  Russian  expedition  to  explore  the  Arctic  regions  was  renorted 
(the  expedition  to  last  several  years),  under  the  leadershin  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sergeyeff, 
and  the  eighth  trip  to  the  Polar  regions  bv  Dr.   Bruce  was  also  announce^.. 

The  west  coast  of  Nova  Zembla  was  explored  by  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  in  the  Belgica, 
and  much   scientific  data  secured. 

The  proposed  expedition  of  Commander  Peary  was  postponed,  owing  to  the  delay 
of  over  two  months  in  the  construction  and  installation  of  the  boilers  for  the  Roosevelt. 
*,•  ,  "^""pnatiderable  progress  was  made  by  Walter  Wellman,  in  preparation  for  his  final 
flight  by  airship  to  the  North  Pole.  The  expedition  set  sail  for  Danes  Island.  Spitzbergen, 
on  June  3.  on  the  Arctic  steamer  Frithjof.  On  aiTiving  at  the  station  selected,  furious 
gales  wpre  encountered,  and  conditions  proved  unfa-vorabl©  tox  tho  voyage,  and  it  wa3 
accordingly  postponed.  y    ^  « 


620  American  Learned  Societies, 


^mtctraji  Urarnctr  ^ocCctCts. 


associates,  78     BPSKlesinclu,  in^theactuarios  of  life  insnrunoe  companies  and  consn  [  n/a.  tW-es 
AustrllSia  Oauada.    the  membei-ship  embraces  leadiug  actuaries  in  Europe  and 


others  associated  therewith  iu  the  Empires  of  China,  Japan,  and  Korea,  the  Philini.infs,  and  el-^e- 
ScfeUey^afllfaXfflTo^koS^  ^^^-    ^^^--^^^^  ^^^^'    Annual  due«,  "^lO.    Auxiliary 

i-icau  A^sociatiou  for  ihe  Advancenient  of  Science.— President.  William  TT.  Welrh. 

ppkius  Lmversity,  Baltimore,  Md.  ;    Permanent  Hecretary,   L.  O.  Howard,  Cosmos  Club. 

.011,  p.  C.  ;  General  Secretary,  John  F.  Hayford,  VVashinf?ton,  D.  C.  ;  Secretary  of  the  Conn- 
McNair   Houghton,  Mich. ;  Treasurer,  K.  S.   Woodward,  Wasiilngton,  D.  C.    The  Associa- 

chartered  In  Jb/4,  bemg  a  coutiiuiation  of  the  American  Association  of  Geologists  and 


cU,  F.  C, 
tion  was 


St.,  Bufialo,  N.  Y. 

Amerlcali  Bvxr  Association. -President,  J.  M.  Dickinson,  Chicago.  111.  ;  Secretary,  John 
Hmkley,  21oN->rtn  Charles  SUeet,  Baltimore, Md. ;  Treasurer,  Frederick  K.Wadhams.  Alhauv.  N. 
Y.  Each  Stftte  and  lerrilory  is  represented  by  one  vice-president  and  one  member  of  the  General 
Council  Membership,  about  3,100.  This  Associavion  of  lawyers  of  the  United  States  was  oreau- 
izedinlS/8.     The  next  aiinuai  meeting  will  be  held  in  August,  1908. 

American  Cliemical  Society.— President,  Marston  T,  Bourert,  Columbia  UniTcrsitv.  N.  Y.; 
Secietarj-.  Charles  E.  Parsons,  Durham,  N.  H.  The  Societv  was  oiicauized  in  1876  Tor  "the 
advancement  of  chemistry  and  the  promotion  of  chemical  research."  P!ii)iishes  the  Journal  of  the 
American  Chenaical  Societv,  m.onthly,  and  Chemical  Abstracts,  semi-mouihly; Editor,  Wm.  A. 
Noyes.Urbana,  III.     Annual  dues,  $8.    Total  membership,  3,000. 

American  Cliinatological  Association. -President,  Thomas  T).  Coleman,  M.  D.,  Augusta. 
Qa.  ;  Secretary  Guy  Kinsdale,  M.D.,  Hot  Springs.  Va.  Organized  1884.  Kext  annual  jneeiing, 
June  10,  1908,  Boston,  Mass. 

American  Derraatoloftical  Association.— President,  Arthur  Van  TTailiii  gen,  M.D-Phila- 
delphia.  Pa.;  Secretary,  Grover  W.  Wende.  M.  D.,  471  Delaware  Avenue.  Buliulo.  X.  Y. 


same  countries.  "    Publishes  "Dialect  Notes' '  at  irregular  iutervals.  Animal  fee,  $1.     Membership, 
about  300.     Any  person  ma3' become  a  member. 

American  Economic  Association.— President,  J.  W.  .Tenks,  Ph.  D.,  Cornell  Universitv 
Secretary,  W.  M.  Daniels,  Princeton  University,  Princeton.  N.  . I.  Organized  1S85.  Has  1, (MX) 
members;  annual  dues,  $3;  life  membership.  $50:  no  other  entrance  fee.  The  objects  of  the 
Association  are  the  encouragement  of  economic  studitw  and  the  publication  of  pap^-i-s  theroon. 

American  Electro-Therapentic  Association.— President.  Dr.  Herbert  F.  Pitcher  Haver- 
hill, :vrass.  ;  First  Vice-President.  Dr.  E.  C.  Titus,  isr.  Y. :  Second  Vico-Presidfnt,  Dr.  JemT-^mi 
p  Gibson,  Den^'er,  Col.  ;  Secretary,  Dr.  Albert  C.  Geyrer,  1239  Madiaon  Avenue,  New  York, 
N.    Y.     Oriranized  1890.     ^lembership,  280, 

American  Entomolovrical  Societv.— President, PhilipP. Calvert;  Secretary,  Henrv Skinner, 
M.D.,   Philadelphia,   Pa.     (jrganlzed  1859.      Object— The  stiuly  of  euioniology.     Meniberslnp.  \Mi. 

American  Fiylicries  Society.— President,  E.  A.  15irge,  Madison,  Wis*  ;  Vice-President,  Ji. 
:>r.  Smith,  \\  ashington,  D.C. :  Recording  Secretary,  George  F.  Pe^boJy,  Appletou.  U'ie.  .Treasurer, 
f.  W.Willard,  Westerly,  Tt.  I.  ;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Charles  G.  Avkins,  East  Oriand,  Me, 
Organized  Df^cem^Pr.  1870.    Annual  dues,  .«2.     Mctiubership,  about  600. 

American   Folklore   Society.— President,  R.    P..   J)ixon.   Harvard  Univftirjitv,  C.-imbridge, 

Mass.:  I'ermanent   Secretary, Cauihridge,  Mass.  Orcranizwi  inlh88  It.r  "study 

of  folklore  in  eeneral,  and  in  part icular the  colh-ct ion  and  publication  of  folklore  of  IVoith  America." 
Membership  fee,  including  a  copy  of  "  The  Journal  of  American  Folklore' '  (quantrly),  §3  per  annum. 


American  Learned  /Societies,  621 

-____,— ^^       _^^^jj^^^^^^  LEARNED  SOCIETIES— C'on/t/tite«f. 

Aiuericau  Forestry  Association. —Ptesident,  James  Wilson,  Sftcretary  of  Agriculture* 
Wiibijiiigiuii,  i).  C.  ;  Secielary,  TlioinasE.  Will,  Office,  loll  G  ttlreet,  N.  W.  Waslimgtun,  J).  0, 
Orgaui^efl  l«a'2,     Membersliip,  6,400. 

Aiuericau  Oeu^ruphicai  rSociety.— President,  ArcIierM.  Huntington;  Vice-President,  D. 
O.  MUJs;  Currespoudiug  sjecretaiies— Foreign,  William  Liljbey;  JJomestic,  CLiandler  Bobbins; 
Kecomiug  becrelaiy,  Anton  A.  Kuveu.  Ollices  of  the  .Society,  15  West  Kighty-lirst  Street,  New 
York  Lily.  The  objects  of  the  Society  are  to  encourage  geographical  exploration  and  discovery;  to 
iiivesiigaie  and  disseminate  new  geographical  information;  to  establish  iu  the  chief  maritime  city 
ol  the  couuiry,  lor  the  benefit  of  commerce  and  uavigation,  *  »  »  a  place  where  the  means  will 
be  allbrded  of  obtaining  accurate  information  for  public  use  of  every  pan  of  the  globe.  Orgaxiized 
iulbO'i;  m.embership,  1,400.    Annual  dues,  $10;  no  entrance  fee. 

American  tiyuaecologlcal  Society.— President,  J.  Montgomery  Baldy,  M,  D. ,  Philadel- 
phia; secretary,  J.  Kiddle  Golle,  JM.  D.,  ttiO  Madison  Avenue,  ^sew  York.  Organized  1876,  Mem* 
bership  100. 

Aniericau  Historical  Association.— President,  J.  Franklin  Jameson,  Washington,  D.  C.  J 
Secretary,  A.  Howard  Oiarlt,  iSmithsouian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  Treasurer,  Clarence  W. 
iJowen,  Ph.D.  Association  founded  1«84,  incorporated  by  Congress  1889.  Object— The promotiou 
of  historical  studies.    Entrance  fee,  $3;  annual  dues,  iji3.     Membership,  2,300. 

American  Institute  of  Architects.— Offices  and  library,  The  Octagon,  Washington,  D.  C. 
President,  Frank  Miles  Day,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Olenn  Brown,  Washington, 
U.  C.  The  Institute  has  28  chapters,  329  fellows,  466  associates,  82  corresponding  and  63  honorary 
members.   Initiation  fee  is  $o;  yearly  dues,  fellows,  815;  associates,  $7. 50.     Organized  1857. 

American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers.— President,  Henry  Gordon  Stott;  Secretary, 
Ralph  W.  Pope,  at  the  executive  offices,  library,  and  reading-room,  33  West  39th  St.  ,]Sesv  \  orfc, 
Kntiance  fee,  $5;  annual  dues,  associates,  $10;  members,  $15.  IMouthly  meetings,  Kew  York. 
Organized  1884.     Prints  its  transactions  monthly.     Membership,  5,100. 

American  Institute  of  Honiceopathy.— President,  William  E.  Green,  Little  Bock*,  Sec 
retar\',  Charles  Gatchell,  M.  D.,  UK)  state  Street,  Chicago,  111.  Organized  in  1844,  and  is  the 
oldest  national  medical  organization  iu  the  United  States.  lias  2,100  members,  representing  every 
Slate  iu  the  Union,  besides  Canada. 

American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers.-Presldent,  John  Hays,  Hammond,  N.Y. « 
Secretarv,  K.  W.  Ravmond,  29  West  39th  St. ,  New  York;  Treasurer,  Frank  Lyman,  New  Jiork. 
Membership,  October  iO,  1907,  4,206.     Organized  1871.    Incorporated  1905.    Annual  dues,    $10. 

American  Laryngoloffical  Association.— President,  Herbert.R.  P>irKett,  M.  D.,  Montreal! 
Ppcretarv,  .lames  K.  Newcomb,  M.  I>.,118  West  Sixty-ninth  Street,  New  York  City.  Organized 
1878.    Membership,  KM). 

American  Larvugological,  Hhinologieal  and  Otological  Society.-President,  Wendell 
C.  Phillips,  M.  1).. 40  West  Forty-seventh  SU,  jN'.  Y.  City;  Secretary,  Thomas  J.  Harris,  M.  D.,  117 
ICast  Fortieth  St.,  Kew  York  City. 

American  Mathematical  Society.-President,  Henry  S.  White;  Secretary,  P.  N.  Cole, 
Columbia  Universitv,  New  York;  Treasurer,  J.  H.  Tanner;  Librarian,  .D.  E.  Smith.  Meetings 
held  at  Columbia  University,  New  Y'ork.  Society  was  reorganized  as  the  American  Mathematical 
Societv,  .lulv,  1894.  Object -To  encourage  and  maintain  an  active  interest  in  and  to  prornote  the 
advancenieiit  of  mathematical  science.  Admtssiou  fee,  $5;  annual  dues,  65;  life  membership,  $50, 
Member.ship,  550.    The  Society  publishes  two  journais,  the  ' 'Bulletin"  and  the  "Transactions." 

American  Medical  Association.— President,  Dr.  Joseph  D.  Bryant,  N.  Y.  City;  Secretary- 
Editor,  Dr.  George  H,  Simmons,  103  Dearborn  Avenue,  Chicago,  111.  Incorporated  189/.  Nextaax* 
jiual  session  at  Chicago,  ill. ,  June  2-5,  1908.     Annual  fee,  $5.    Membership,  over  29, 000. 

American  MeUico-PsvcboIogical  Association.— President,  Dr.  Charles  P.  Bancroft,  N. 
H.  ;  Secretarv.  Dr.  Charles  W.  Peigruu,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  Next  awmal  meeting  at  Cmcmuatl, 
Ohio,  June,  1008. 

Amerioaii  3Iicr«sc«pical  Society.-President,  Prot  Herbert  Osborn,  Columbus,  Ohio  j  Sec- 
retarv. Dr.  FredC.  Zupfle,  Chica^'o,  111  :  Treasurer,  David L.  Zook,  Chicago,  111.;  Custodian,  Mag* 
nusl'iiaum,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Organized  1878.  Incorporated  at  Washington,  D.  C,  1891.  Object— 
The  encouragement  of  microscopical  research.  Initiation  fee,  $3;  annual  dues,  §2.  Membership, 
300.     Eesearch  funds.  $2,530.  _     , .  ,     ,,   ^      ^s...  «. 

American  Neurological  Association. -President,  HughT.  Patrick,  M.  D„  Chicago,  HI.  i 
Secieiiuy,(^.  M.  llummoiul,M.  D.,  60  West  Fifty-fifth  Street,  New  York  City. 

Aiuericau  Numismatic  Association.— President,  Farran  Zerbe,  Tyrone,  Pa.;  Vice-Presi- 
dents, Henrie  K.  Buck,  Delaware,  Ohio;  P.  O.  Tremblay,  Montreal,  Can.  ;  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Howland  Wood,  Brookline,  Mass.  ;  Treasui'er,  Dr.  George  F.  Heath,  Monroe,  Mich.  ;  Librarian, 
BenG.  Green,  ClHca^o,  111.    The  society  was  founded  ia  1891  for  the  promotiou  of  Numismati&s. 

^Americnn'Niunismatic  Society,  Audubon  Park,  156th  Street,  West  of  Broadway,  New 
York. -President,  Ar.-herM.  Huntington;  Recording  Secretary,  Bauman  L.  Belden ;  Correspond- 
ing Secretarv,  lleurv  llussellDrowne.  Society  founded  in  1858  for  the  promotion  of  numismatics, 
etc. , in  the  Unitcni  States;  possesfses  coin  and  medal  collection  and  library.    Total  membership,  350, 

American  OphtIialmoloi?ical  Society.-President,  S.  D.  Risley,  M.  D. ,  Philadelphia,  Pa,  | 
Secretary,  S.  F>.  St.  .lohn,M.  D., 68  Pratt  Street, Hartford,  C^     Membership,  1^5. 

American  OHeatal  .Society.-President,  Prof.  C.  R,  Lanraan,  Harvard  University;  Corw 
responding  Swcretarv,  E.  Washburn  Hopkins,  Yale  Univer.sitr,  299 LawrenceStreet,  New  Haven,  Ct.; 
liecordi ngSecretar}^  George  F.  Moore.  Orgiiuized  September  7,  1842,  for  the  cultivation  ol  learning 
In  the  Asititic,  African,  and  Pol vnesianlanu'uages,  and  the  publication  of  works  relatingtotliese  lan- 
guages. Publishes  an  animal  Journal.  Annual  fee,  $5;  fee  for  membership  iu  section  for  Historical 
Study  of  Religions,  $2;   no  admis.sion  fee.    Membership,  325. 

Amerieaw  OrnitholoiSists' Union. -President,  Charles  F.  Batcbelder;  Secretary,  John  H. 
Sage,  Portland,  Ct.  Organized  1883.  Object— The  advancement  of  its  members  in  ornithological 
science,  the  publication  of  a  journal  of  ornithology  and  other  works  relating  to  that  science,  etc. 
Annual  dues. fellows, S5;  members,  «B4;  associates,  ^.    Membej-ship,  874. 

Anericau   Orthopteilic  AssociatioH.-Rresident,  Henry L.  Taylor,  M.  B.,  125  West Fiftjr- 


522  Americaii  Ijearned  fSocleties. 


AMERICAN   LEARNED   SOCIETIES— C07J/m?t«rf. 


eighth  Street,   New  York    City;  Secretary,  Robert   B.   Osgood,  M.   D.,  372  Marlborough  Street. 
Bostou,  Mass. 

AmerHtaii  Osteopathic  Society.— President,  O.  Frederic  E.Moore  La  Grande,  Ore. ;  Sec- 
retarv,   J>r.   H.  L.   Ciiiles.  Aiibiuii,  N.   V.     Founded  1897.     Annual  fee,  $5      Meniber.ship,  2,000. 

Aiucricaii  Otolotf.cal  .Society.— President,  I'liarle.s.).  Kipp,  M.  D. ;  500  Broad  Street,  JSewaiH, 
N.  J.  ;  Seeretuiy,  !•  rederic  k  i>.  .laek.  M.  L). ,  215  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Aiuericaii  l*ediuli-ic  .Society.- i'resident,  Charles  ci.  Kerley,  iNf.  D. .  New  York;  Secretary, 
Sanuie!  S  Adams,  M.  i>. ,  1  l.»upuut  Circle,  Washington,  1>.C.  iSext  annual  meeting  al  J>elaware 
Water  (iap.  May,  190«. 

Aiuericaii  Philological  Association.— President,  Prof.  Francis  "W.  Kelsey,  of  University  of 
Micluyan,  llariiurd;  \'lce-Presideut.s,  Prof.  Kdward  D.  Perrv,  ol  Columbia  Universitv,  and  Piof. 
Kdward  B.CIapp.  of  the  C  iiiversiiy  of  California;  .Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Prof.  Frank  O.  Moore, 
of  Uartmouih  College.  Initiation  fee,  $5;  annual  due.s,  $3.  Total  xnembership,  about  5l>5.  'I'he 
Asisociation  was  orgauized  iu  1869.  Its  object  is  "the  advancement  and  ditl'usion  of  philological 
kuowledge."' 

American  Philosophical  Society.— President,  Edjrar  F.  Smith;  Vice-Presidents,  George  F. 
Barker,  William  B,  Scott,  Simon  Kewcomb;  Secretaries,  I.  Minis  Hays,  Edwin  G.  Conklin, 
Arthur  W.  (Jtjodspeed,  and  Morris  Ja.st row,  Jr.  Office  of  .Society,  104  South"  Fifth  Street,  Philadel- 
phia, I'a.    (Jiijeet  -For  promoting:  useful  knowledge.     Fotmded  iii  174.J. 

American  Physical  Society.— President,  Kdward  L.  Nichols,  Cornell  University, Ithaca. N.Y 
Secretary,  Knifsi  Merritt,  Cornell  Uuiversitj',  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

American  Proctologic  Socie  y.— President.  A.  B.Cooke, M.  1).,  Nashville, Teun.  ;  Secretary, 
Lewis  H.  A1II-1..I1.  ..\I.  i). ,  1610  Arch  street,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

American  Psychological  Association.  — Pre.sident,  Henry  Rutgers  Marshall,  New  York 
City;  Sei  Tftary  and  Treasurer,  Prof.  William  Harper  Davis,  J.ehigh  University.  Pennsylvania, 
organized  in  1802  for  "  the  advancement  of  psychology  as  a  science."  Membership,  175.  Annual 
dues,  $1;  Mo  t'tu ranee  fee. 

American  Pnblic  Health  Association.— President,  Dr.  Richard  H.  Lewis. Raleigh,  N.C  ; 
Secn-iarv,  Dr.  Charles  O.  Probst,   ( Oiumbus,  Ohio.    MeetiMtr  in  Winnipeg,  Manitoba,   Autrust,  1908. 

American  Roentgea  Kay  Society,— President,  P.  :m.  Hickey,M  D.,  Detroit, Mich. ;  Secretary, 
Geo.C.  .lohiision.  .M.  I).  .tJJl  Fulton  Building,  Pittsburgh,  I'a. 

■  American  Social  .Science;  As^^ociation.  President,  .Tonn  H.  Finley,  LL.D.,  College  of 
City  of  Ne.v  Vork  ;  Treasurer,  W.  C.  Le  (^eudre,  59  Wall  Street,  New  York  City;  General  Secre- 
tary, Isaac  K.  Ku.ssell,  LI,.  D.,  120  Broadway.  New  York.  Annual  fee,  $5.  The  Association  was 
lomided  iu  1865.     fuc  n-porated  by  act  of  Congress,  1899.     Meniber.ship.  1,000. 

American  .Societ.y  of  Cnrio  Collectors. -President.  Roy  F.  (^ireene.  Arkansas  Citj',  Kan.  ; 
Secr.'tary,  F.  UayTuttle.  Osage,  Iowa.  A  luitional  society  for  naturalist.s,  ge  logists,  mineralogists, 
arclifeoliitifists,  numismatists,  and   antiqiuirians.     Membei-ship,  •  00. 

American  Society  ol"  Civil  Engineers.— President.  G.  H.  Benzenberg;  Secretary,  Charles 
Warren  Hunt:  Treasurer,  Jjsepn  M.  Knap,  Regular  meetings  first  and  third  Wednesdays  of  etich 
month  (except  .luly  ami  Auarust)  at  8.30  v.  Nf.  at  the  Society's  house,  220  West  Fifty-seventh  Street, 
New  Vork  Citv.     Has  4.3fK)  members.     Instituted  iu  18.'52. 

American  Society  of  3lechanical  Engineers.— President,  F.R.Hutton, New  York;  Secre- 
tarv,  Calvin  W.  Rice, 29  West  Thirtv-ninth  Street,  New  York  City.  Society  House,29  West  Thirty- 
niiUh  street,  N'-w  ^ork  Ciiv,  Total  membership,  all  grades,  3,334.  Two  annual  meetings,  in 
Spring  and  Autumn,  the  latter  in  New  Vork  City  in  December.  Initiation  fee.  members  and  assoc- 
iates, .$2.5;  jiniiors,  .$1.5.  Annual  due.s,  members  and  a.s.sociate.s,  $15;  juuiors,$10.  The  .Society  was 
chartered  iu  1881.     IMemhershiu  is  not  limited  in  number. 

American  .Society  of  Naliiralif-ts.— President,  J.  P.  McIMurrich.  University  of  Toronto; 
Secretarv,  K.  L.  Tnorndike,  Columbia  University;  Treasurer,  H.  Von  Schrenk,  Mis.souri  Botanic 
Garden.  St.   Louis.  Mo.    Oru'ani zed  1883.     Annual  dues.  ;?1.     Membership,  232. 

American  .Statistical  Association. -- Pre.sident,  Carroll  D.  Wright,  Washington,  D.  C.  ; 
Vice-Presidents,  Horace  (i.  Wadlin.  Frederick  L.  HoHn)an.  Walter  F.  Willcox,  Henry  Gannett,  !S. 
N.  I).  North;  Secretary.  C,  W.  Doteii,  491  Ii«yAstou  Street,  Boston,  ]\rass. ;  Treasurer,  S.  B.  Pear- 
main,     rsiembersbip,  3'21.      Annual  dues,  $2.     Association  organized  1839. 

American  Snrg  cal  Association.— President,  William  H.  Carmelt,  M.  D.,  87  Elm  Street, 
New  Haven,  ct. ;  Secretary,  Robert  O.  Le  Conte,  1530  Locust  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Number 
of  nu>ml)ers,  132. 

American  Therapeutic  Society. -President,  Dr.  John  V.  Slioemaker,  Philadelphia,  Pa.; 
Secretarv,  Dr.  Noble  P,  Barnes,  212  Marvlaiid  Avenue,  Washington,  D.  C.     Organized  May  1,  1900. 

American  Urological  Association. -President,  Dr.  U.  H.  Young,  Baltimore,Md. ;  Secretary, 
Dr.   Hugh  Cabot,  Marlboroutch  Street,  Boston. 

Archieological  Instilnte  of  America  (New  York  Society). —President,  Prof.  E.  D.  Perry, 
Columbia  University;  Secretary,  Prof.  Nelson  ii.  McCrea,  Columbia  Univei-sity.  Organized  18.9, 
Ha-s  196  •uemhers.     No  entrance  fee.     Annual  dues,  SIO. 

.\rctic  CInb. -President,  Prof.  W.  H.  Brewer.  Vale  University ;  Secretary,  Capt.  B.  S.  Osbon. 
132   K.  23d  Si  reet.  New  Vork  Citv.     Oi-aiiized  185(4.     Membership,  200. 

A.ssociation  of  American  Anatoniisls.-President,  Prof.  Charles  S.  Mmot,  Boston,  Mass.  , 
Secretarv,  (t.  (",  Huier.    .M  .   D, ,   Ann  A  rbor.  Mich.     Has  175  members.     Annual  dues,  .$0, 

Association  of  American  Phvsicians. -President.  James  Tyson,  M.  D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.; 
Secretary.  Henry  llun.  .M.  I)..  149  Wasbington  Avenue,  Albany,  N.Y.  Organized  1886.  MemUer- 
Bhip  limited  to  13.5  aetive  an<l  2.5  associate  members. 

Astronomical  and  A^otrophvsical  .Societ  v  of  America.-President,  Edward  C.Pickering, 
Caml)ridge.  Mass.  ;  s.-cretarv,  (;.  C    Comsiock,  Madison,  Wis.     Organized  1898,     Membership,  l<o. 

Botanical  .-^ocietv  of  America.  Presnient,  Prof.  F.  S.  Earle,  Herradura,  Cuba;  Secretary, 
Dr  William  I'reiease,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Has  90  members.  28  associates.  Founded  1893.  Annual 
dues,  .$5.  i:iilars:ed  by  federation  of  the  Society  for  Plant  Morphology  and  Physiology  and  the 
Anieri<'an  :Mvco1oo  cal  Society.  1906.  ,,  ,,,. 

t^eolotfical  Soviet  v  of  America.-President.  C.   R.  Van  Hise,   Madison.   Wis.;   Secretary 
E.  <».   Hovev,    American    Museum  of    Natund    Historv,    New  York;    TrenHiirer,    William   Bullo<-k 
Clark,    Ball iiiKMe,  Mil,  ;    Editor,  J.     Stanley- Brown.    Society  founded  in  18S8.     Has  29 i  fellows. 
Entrance  fee.,  .$10;    annual  dues,  SIO.  .  ,.,     ,  .  ,.     ,.       tr- 

Je>vi.sh  Histo  ical  .Society. -President,  Dr.  Cyrus  Adler,  W  as  imstoii,  D.  (  .  :  ^  ice- 
Presidents,  sinioii  \\.  Koseii.lale.  Albany,  .\.  V.;Rev.  Dr.  B.  1-elsenilial,  Ciiicago.  HI.  ;  Prol. 
Char  I  e.s  Gross,  Cambridge,  Mass.  .and  Prof.  Richard  J.  H.Gottheil,  New  ^  ork  ;  Ireasurer,  N.   Taylor 


The  Carnegie' Institution  oj    WashlnyUm.  523 


AMK  aCAN  LEARNED  SOCIETIES— C'cm/mMff/. 


Phillips   New  York  City,   N.  Y.  ;   Corresponding  Secretary,  Max  J.  Kobler,  New  York  City,  N.  Y.; 
Recording  Secretarv,  l>r.  Isaac  FrieUeiiwnld.  New  York.    .  ,      ^  ^^.      ,       ,,    ^,  -,     ,,      i,„ii„„ 

Medical   Association   of  the  Soutliwe..t. -President,  Charles  M.  llos.ser,  M.   D.,  Dallas, 
Tex  •  Secreiarv.  F.  U.  Clark-M.  1).,E1  Keno,Okla.  ,-        ,.     ,    ,,-^ 

»ie<l  co-Iieiral    Society. -Preside. it.   Clark  Bell,  39  Broadway,  New  \ork  City;    secretary 
J.  it    A"ai"a'iell,   lA    Vaiidewater    Street,  New    York  City.    There  are  vure-presideuts  for  each  of 


Tuesday  in  \pril,      \n  Autumn  meeting  is  held  at  such  placeaud  tiiuea,s  the  Councilshall  determine. 

Thereareat  present  101  members  and  41  foreign  associates.  e  ^   %.  i      -      /intiw-    oo^ 

National  Association  for  tlie  Study  and  Prevention  of  Tiiberculosis  (105  K   22d 

Street,    New    Vork    City). -President,    Dr.   Herman  liiggs;   Vice-President,  Iheodore  Koosevelt; 
Execn'tiveSecretarv,  Dr.  Livingston  Ferrand.        ^   ^    .,  „        ,,      *     i-       ^f*  x'l      i     ivr     t» 

National  Association  for   the    Study  of  Epilepsy. -President,   Everett  Flood,   M.    D., 
Palmer.  Mass.  ;  Secretary..!.  F.  Munson,  M.  p.,  iSonyea,  N.  \. 


rectorof  theNew  York  Zoological  Park;  Charles  H.  Townsend,  Director  of  tiie  Aquarium.     Annual 
dues,   $10;  life  membership,  $'200.    The  Zoological  Park  and  the  New  York  Aquarium  are  under  the 

manasement  of  the  Society.  .  .      .     ....r        ,,-    i    a      j  e^>  ■ 

Scientific  Allian.-e  of  New  York.-Now  merged  in  the  New  ^  orkAcadeniy  of  Science. 

Society  for  the  Promotion  of  AsricuItHral  Science.-Presideiu,  Prof.  Uiomas  K 
Hunt,  State  College,  Ph.;  Secreuuv,  Piof.  K.  Wm.  Kane,  State  House,  Boston,  Mass.  Organized 
1882.     Membership  limited  to  100  active  and  100  avsociate  members.  . ,      ,     ^,i.     ,       „    tt 

Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Ensineerinsr  Edncation. -President,  Charles  S.  Howe, 
Case  School  of  Applied  Science,  Cleveland,  ().  ;  Vice-Presidents,  C.  A.  Waldo,  Purdue  University, 
Lafavelte,  Ind. ,  and  W.  G.  Raymond,  Slate  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City,  Iowa;  Secretary,  A .  L. 
Williston,  Pratt  Institute,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  Treasurer.  W  .  O.  Wiley,  No.  43  East  19th  Street,  New 
York.  N.  Y.  503  members  (1907),  from  97  engineering  colleges,  15  manual  training  and  trades 
schools-  94  members  are  practitioners  and  are  not  teachers.  Founded  in  the  Engineering  Educa- 
tion Section  of  World's  Kngineering  Congress, 1893,  Chicago.    Annual  feje,  $3.  , 

Society  of  Chemicnllndustry  (New  York  Section). -Chairman,  George  C.Stone.  Chemists' 
Club  \ew  York  (;itv;  Local  Secretarv,  H.  Schweitzer,  66  Lafayette  Street,  New  \  ork  City.  Mem- 
bership, 1  534  Tlie  Society  is  international,  while  the  New  York  branch  is  its  American  representa- 
tive.      I'he    ofTRcers    of    the   general     society   are:    President,     Sir    Boverton^   Redwood,    London, 

Bowles; 
Object-The 
promotion  of  the  art  of  shipbuilding,  commercial  and  naval.  Headquarters,  -^y  vvesi Thirty- ninth 
Street,  "New  York  Citv.  Membership  fee  for  members  and  associates,  $10;  annual  dues,  $1U. 
Juniors,  memhprship  fHf^.  S5;  annual  dues,  $5.     Has  885  members,  associates  and  juniors. 

Southern  iTIedicivl' Association.  — President,  Henry  H.  Martin.  M.  D.,  Savannah,  Ga.  ; 
Secretarv,  Raymond  Wallace,  M.  D.,  Chattanopgn,  Tenn.  ^    ,,    nr    r»   •  ♦»     rtcv,v«oi, 

Western  Surtfieal  and  Gynecological  Association. -President,  C.  W.  Oviatt,  Osnkosn, 
WLs  ;  Secretary,  ArihurT.  Mann,  M.  D. ,  704  Pillsbury  Building,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


^J0  eatnefite  Xnjstitutton  of  5imast)iufltan. 

The  Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington  was  founded  by  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  January  28, 
1902.  when  he  gave  to  a  board  of  trustees  $10, 000.000,  in  registered  bonds,  yielding  5  per  cent,  annual 
interest.  In  general  terms,  lie  stated  that  his  purpose  was  to  "found  in  the  City  of  Washington  an 
institution  wliicti,  with  the  co-operation  of  institutions  now  or  hereafter  established,  the^re  or  else- 
wl»ere,shall  in  the  broadest  and  most  liberal  manner  encourage  investigation,  research  anndpcovery, 
show  the  application  of  knowledge  to  the  improvement  of  mankind,  and  provide  such  buiWIng.s,  laD- 
oratories,  books,  and  apparatus  as  may  be  needed."  ,        ,      ^.  ^     ^    t 

Bv  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  April  28,  1904.  the  in.stitution  was  placed  under  the  control  of  a 
board  of  twenty-four  rrustees. all  of  whom  had  been  members  of  the  original  board  referred  to  above. 

The  Trustees  meet  annnallv,  and  during  the  intervals  between  such  meetings  the  afTairs  of  the 
Institut'cn  are  conducted  by  an  Executive  Committee,  cho.sen  by  and  from  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
acting  through  the  President  of  the  Institution  as  chief  executive  officer.  „     ,    . 

The  offices  of  the  Institution  are  in  the  Bond  Building,  Fourteenth  Street  and  New  ^  ork  Avenue, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Ti-nsteex  nf  the.    Tastitiition-Cliairman,  John  S.  Billings;   Vicf-Clininnan,   Elihu   Root;  .S'eor/arj/, 
CleveU 
Hei 
Mill 
Walcbtt, 

rresident  of  the  Institution— Woheri  S.  Woodward. 

Executive  CommiUee-Chairmnn.CsiTvoW  D.Wright;  John  S.Billings, Cleveland  H.  Dodge, Daniel G. 
Gilman,  S.  Weir  Mitciiell,  Elihu  Root,  Charles  D.  Walcott,  Robert  S.  Woodward. 


524  Literature  in  1907. 


Hitcraturc  in  1907» 


NOTABIxE  BOOKS  OF  THE  YEAR. 
Social,  political  and  financial  unrest  was  the  prevailing  note  of  the  year,  as  shown 
by  riots  in  Russia;  bj"^  the  growing  ascendency  of  the  labor  element  in  the  English  Parlia- 
ment, as  well  as  by  the  oulspoken  protest  against  the  veto  power  of  the  House  of  Lords; 
by  anti-Oriental  outbreaks  In  America,  and  in  the  United  ^?tates  by  the  systematic  and 
determined  efforts  of  the  Government,  following  the  lead  of  President  Roosevelt,  to  curb 
the  power  of  combinations  of  capital.  Political  house-cleaning  also  took  place  in  some  of 
our  cities.  The  Hague  Peace  Conference,  so  large  in  promise,  proved  only  a  school  for 
the  amenities  of  war.  From  its  historical  significance  the  Jamestown  Exposition  was  of 
more  than  local  interest.  Ajnerican  literary  history  recorded  the  celoV^rations  of  Long- 
fellow and  Whjttier  centenaries.  The  year's  output  of  books,  many  of  them  reflecting  these 
various  intei-ests,  numbered  about  7,000  pew  works  and  new  editions. 

FICTION. 

From  a  publisher's  viewpoint  the  successes  of  the  year  included  'Tho  Port  of  Missing 
Men,"  by  Meiedith  Nicholson  (a  tale  of  mystery  and  iuUigue  centring  in,  a  i)iot  against 
the  Austrian  throne);  "The  Brass  Bow]."  by  Louis  Joseph  Vance,  au/l  '"Tiie  Mayor's  Wife," 
by  Anna  Katharine  Green  (detective  stories);  "The  Princes.s  Virginia,"  by  the  Wjliamsons 
(a  sprightly  royal  love  story);  "Beati-ix  of  Clare,"  by  John  Ke^d  Bcott  (a  romance  of 
chivalry,  wherein  England's  Richard  JII.  ig  portrayed  ia  a  new  light);  "Alio^-for-tiaort," 
by  William  De  Morgan  (a  slow-moving  record,  reminiiJcent  in  style  of  TlKuktrny,  of  a. 
delightful  English  family  made  up  of  strongly  contrasted  characters);  "The  tJUultle,"  by 
Mrs.  Burnett  (study  of  international  marriages);  '"ITie  Weavern,"  by  Sir  (iilbert  Parker 
(depicting  an  English  Quaker  set  in  authority  in  Cairo  and  offering  <?ontraste(l  pictures  rjf 
English  and  Oriental  types);  "The  Far  Horizon."  by  Lucas  Maiet  (a  wf^ll-wrought  por- 
trayal of  the  interaction  of  two  natures,  ono  that  of ,  a  retired  Eiiglis.li  banit  clerk,  the 
other  of  a  woman  of  tarnished  past  but  comiK'lling  charm);  "The  Helpmate,"  by  May 
Sinclair  (analytical  study  of  the  revolt  of  a  woman,  narrow-minded,  intolerantly  reiigious?, 
against  a  repented  sin  of  her  husband'B  youth);  "New  Ciironlcles  of  Rebecca,"  by  Kata 
L>ouglas  Wiggin  (further  episodes  in  the  girlhood  of  "Rebecca  of  Sunnybrook  Farm");  and 
"The  Malefactor."  by  E.  P.  Oppenhoim  (sinister  tale  of  revenge  for  unmerited  disgrace): 
Three  books  of  lOOB  should  also  be  mentioned  among  the  "big  sellers"  of  11H)7,  vit!.,  "The 
Lady  of  thie  Decoration,"  by  Frances  I^itMe.  "The  Doctor."  by  Ralph  C!onnor,  and  "Half 
a  Rogue,"  by  Harold  Mac(jrath.  Undoubte<lly  the  most  notable  novel  of  the  year  from  a 
literary  standpoint  was  Mrs.  MTiarton's  "The  Fi-uit  of  the  Tree,"  a  clear-cut  analysis, 
perfect  in  execution,  of  the  characters  and  motives  of  one  m^n  and  two  women,  each 
EPlfish  and  self-absoi-bed  even  in  their  love,  interest  centring  in  the  ethical  question 
whether  hopeless  physical  agony  may  not  justify  a  merciful  overdose  of  opium.  Special 
commendation  should  also  bo  given  Galsworthy's  satire  on  modern  English  society,  "The 
Country  House;"  Hewlett's  "The  Stooping  Lady,"  the  romance  of  a  high-spirited  English 
girl  set  in  the  midst  of  early  nineteenth-century  Snglish  politics;  "Fraulein  Schmidt  and 
Mr.  Anstruther,"  by  the  author  of  "Elizabeth  and  Her  Germ.an  Garden"  (a  series  of  de- 
lightful letters  by  a  German  girl  revealing  her  disillusionment  in  a  love  affair  and  cheerful 
readjustment  to  a  narrow  life);  Elizabeth  Robins'  "The  Convert,"  based  on  the  recent 
woman's  suffrage  agitation  in  England.  Notice  should  also  be  made  of  translations  of 
Fogazzaro's  "The  Sinner,"  completing  his  "Trilogy  of  Ronie,"  and  "The  Woman,"  a 
studv  of  an  educated,  undisciplined  Italian  woman.  Recent  works  of  well-known  novelists 
included  Howells'  "Through  the  Eye  of  the  Needle"  (a  study  of  Altriiria),  "The  Whirl- 
wind," another  Dartmoor  tragedy  bv  Phllpotts,  Quiller-Couch's  "Mirjor  Vigourei^x. "  the 
Castles'  "My  Merry  Rockhurst,"  Anthony  Hope's  "Helena's  Path,"  Crawford's  Arethusa," 
and    Haggard's    "Margaret." 

National  and  local  questions  bulked  large  in  the  y£>ar's  fiction.  Wealth  in  the  maKing 
and  in  its  effects  is  the  background  of  David  Graham  Phillips'  "The  Second  Gene-ration," 
Basil  King's  "The  Giant's  Strength."  and  Corbin's  "The  Cave  Man."  while  Mrs.  Steel's 
"A  Sovereign  Remedv"  is  an  English  presentation  of  the  power  of  monej'.  "Sampson 
Rock  of  Wall  Street""  by  Lefevre,  and  "Friday  the  Thirteenth."  by  Thomas  Lawson. 
protest  against  stock  market  methods;  and  David  Graham  Phillips'  "Light-Fingered 
Gentry"  depicts  the  inner  workings  of  insurance  companies.  Love,  finance,  and  politics 
are  mingled  Jn  Albert  Payson  Terhune'B  "Caleb  Conover,  RailToadrr."  Various  aspects  of 
the  labor .  problem  in  our  large  cities  were  treated  in  "The  Cage,"  by  Charlotte  Teller; 
"The  Spirit  of  Labor."  by  Ilutchins  Hapgood;  "A  King  in  Rags,"  by  Cleveland  Moffet; 
"Under  the  Harrow,"  by  Ellis  Meredith,  and  "The  Crucible"  (temptations  of  working 
girls),  by  Mark  Lee  Luther,  the  last  three  laid  in  New  York.  Railroad  financiering  and 
building  enter  into  Francis  Lynde's  "Empire  Builders,"  and  Parah  P.  Carr's  "The  Iron 
"^'ay;"  the  wonders  of  electricity  are  depicted  in  Stringer's  "Phantom  Wires;"  and  Standard 


loss,    and   collections    of   short   stories   by   Janvier,    O.    Henry,    and    Stewart   Edward   White. 
"Patty  of  the   Palms."   by  Adam  C.   Haeselbarth,    deals  with    "benevolent   assimilation^    in 


gue    (West     ...B-"--    -v...^,. ^-    ., .       -.,,  — -  ^         ,  ,    , 

tales  of  rural  Kentucky  blending  humor  and  pathos  and  has  been  strongly  commended 
by  the  President.  Mrs.  Martin's  "His  Courtship"  presents  character  sketches  of  the 
Pennsylvania    "Dutch." 


mod€ 

amf  Mr.^'Hyde"'natu?esrand""Howeils''''  "Between    the" Dark   and    Daylight"    are    based    on 


Literature  hi  1907.  525 


the  Faculty,"  by  Anna  C.  Ray,  are  pictures  of  American  university  life.  Chambers'  "The 
Younger  Set"  displays  phases  of  New  York  smart  society,  as  Dolf  Wyllarde's  "As  Te 
Have  Sown"  and  Oppenheim's  "A  Lost  Leader"  picture  the  society  of  England.  Husslan 
conspiracy  and  persecution  furnish  the  incidents  for  Marchmont's  "In  the  Cause  of  Free- 
dom," Oxenham's  "The  Lonff  Road,"  Gorky's  "Mother."  and  Gordon's  "The  Ferry  of 
Fate,"  while  Coni-ad's  "The  Secret  Agent"  discloses  anarchistic  plots  In  London.  Not 
■to  be  omitted,  though  more  difficult  to  classify,  are  Mason's  "Running  Water"  (an 
Alpine  romance);  Laughlin's  "Felicity"  (describing  the  making  of  an  actress);  Hlchens' 
"Barbary  Sheep"  (exotic  tale  of  the  desert);  George  .Madden  Martin's  "Letitia"  and  Wil- 
kinson's "The  Silent  Door"  (two  portrayals  of  child  nature),  and  Mrs.  De  La  Pasture's 
"The  Lonely  Lady  of  Grosvenor  Square"  (English  love  story).  Among  many  tales  of 
adventure  may  be  singled  out  Ian  Maclaren's  historical  tale,  "Graham  Of  Claverhouse,"  the 
last  we  shall  have  from  his  convincing  pen. 

BIOGRAPHY    AND    HISTORY, 

Foremost  among  biographical  works  of  the  year  was  the  long-awaited  collection  of 
Queen  Victoria's  letters,  edited  by  A.  C.  Benson  and  Viscount  Esher,  significant  for  their 
revelation  of  the  personality  of  the  writer  rather  than  for  any  political  or  historical 
infoiiuation  they  convey.  More  important  as  literature,  however,  were  Bielschowsky's 
second  volume  on  Goethe,  Prof.  Raleigh's  restrained  review  of  Shakespeai-e's  life  and 
woik,  Gosse's  "Henrik  Ibsen,"  and  Frederic  Harrison's  "Tlie  Creed  of  a  Layman,"  being 
in  effect  the  history  of  the  Positivist  religion.  Special  merit  was  also  discerned  in 
Wright's  critical  study  of  Walter  Pater  from  a  new  viewpoint;  Tilley's  "Rabelais,"  Boult- 
Ing's  "Tasso,"  Dodge's  "The  Real  Sir  Richard  Burton,"  Chesterton's  "George  Bernard 
Shaw,"  and  Ragg's  "Dante,"  while  American  literature  was  represented  in  Woodberry's 
"Emerson,"  Bliss  Perry's  "WTiittier,"  Traubel's  "With  Walt  Whitman  in  Camden"  (vols. 
1  and  2),  and  Norton's  "Longfellow."  American  biography  reflecting  the  conflicts  and 
triumphs  of  the  past  half  century  was  especially  noteworthy.  Carl  Schurz's  "Reminis- 
cences;" "The  Life  and  Letters  of  Edwin  Lav/rence  Godkin,"  edited  by  Rollo  Ogden,  and 
General  Wilson's  "Life  of  Charles  A.  Dana"  exhibit  three  men  who  left  their  impress  on 
national  affairs;  and  Civil  War  history,  military  and  political,  is  found  in  Ol>erhoitzer's 
"Jay  Cooke,  Financier  of  the  Civil  War,"  General  Alexander's  "Military  Memoirs  of  a 
Confederate,"  General  Eaton's  "Grant,  Lincoln,  and  the  Freedmen,"  General  Howard's 
"Autobiography,"  Booker  Washington's  "Frederick  Douglass,"  and  in  the  seven  works  on 
Lincoln,  notably  those  by  David  H.  Bates  and  Ida  Tarbell.  Wister's  "Seven  Ages  of 
Washington,"  Morgan's  "The  True  Patrick  Henry,"  Bacon's  "Henry  Hudson,"  Lewis' 
Andrew  Jackson;"  "John  Harvard  and  His  Times,"  by  H.  C.  Shelley,  and  many  books 
on  Roosevelt,  including  those  by  Morgan,  Douglas,  and  Burroughs,  are  creditable  studies 
of  dissimilar  characters.  Delightful  glimpses  €>f  French  life  and  society  were  afforded 
in  the  "Memoirs  of  the  Comtesse  de  Boigne"  (Napoleonic  days),  and  in  Helen  Clergue's 
"The  Salon"  (eighteenth  century);  while  Dumas'  "Memoii's"  (vol.  1),  Victor  Hugo's  "Intel- 
lectual Autobiography,"  McCabe's  "Talleyrand."  Segur's  "Julie  de  Lespinasse,"  Gribble's 
"Madame  de  Stael,"  as  well  as  the  several  books  on  Napoleon,  including  those  by  Browning, 
Lenz,  Nicolay,  Wheeler  and  Dodge  and  others  on  the  Empress  Eugenie  presented  aspects 
of  the  men  and  women  who  variously  influenced  the  literature  and  history  of  France. 
The  world  of  art  oi  the  last  half  century  was  mirrored  in  the  memoirs  of  the  two  actresses 
Berrvhardt  and  Ristori.  in  the  life  of  Antoinette  Sterling,  written  by  her  son,  in  the 
"Reminiscences"  of  Walter  Crane,  the  artist,  and  in  Miss  Cary's  biographies  of  Whistler 
and  William  Blake,  as  well  as  in  Symons'  "Blake.'* 

Works  of  history  included  the  new  volume  on  "The  Restoration"  in  the  "Cambridge 
Modern  History"  planned  by  Lord  Acton,  the  first  two  volumes  in  Reich's  "General  His- 
tory of  Western  Mankind,"  Paterson's  ."The  Nemesis  of  Nations,'",  and  "The  Order  of  the 
Cincinnati  in  France,"  by  Asa  Bird  Gai'diner,  Secretary-General  of  the  Cincinnati  (a  sump- 
tuous volume,  shedding  light  on  an  interesting  phase  in  the  history  of  this  illustrious 
American  society*;  also  tVvO  volumes  added  to  Hunt  and  Poole's  "Political  History  of 
England,"  and  Pollard's  "Factors  in  Modern  fEnglishl  History."  England  and  heir 
colonial  policy,  especially  in  relation  to  America  in  the  eighteenth  century,  were  treated 
by  Miss  Marks  and  George  L.  Beer,  and  colonial  America  and  Elizabethan '  England  by 
Sidney  Lee  in  "The  Call  of  the  West."  Among  the  eighty  odd  works  on  United  States 
history  may  be  mentioned  several  new  volumes  in  Hart's  "American  Nation"  and  Avery's 
"History,"  Trevelyan's  "American  Revolution"  (part  3),  J.  H.  Smith's  "Our  Struggle  for 
the  Fourteenth  Colony,"  and  added  volumes  to  Doyle's  and  Osgood's  works  on  the  American 
colonies.  General  Schaff's  "I'he  Spirit  of  Old  West  Point,"  Captain  Mahan's  "From  Sail 
to  Steam,"  and  Spears'  "American  Navy"  summed  up  our  military  and  naval  history, 
while  "The  White  House,"  by  Esther  Singleton,  is  a  social  history  of  the  home  of  our 
Presidents.  Oi  local  interest  to  New  Yorkers  was  Dr.  Peters'  "Annals  of  St.  Michael's." 
and  "The  City  College"  history,  edited  by  Mosenthal  and  Home.  Other  special  peoples 
and  lands  were  treated  in  Lea's  "Inquisition  in  Spain,"  Curtin's  "The  Mongols."  Hano- 
taux'  "Contemporary  France"  (vol.  3),  Clarke's  "Modei-n  Spain,"  Besant's  "MediaevaA 
London"  (vol.  2»,  and  Colquhoun's  "The  Whirlpool  ^of  Europe"  (Austria-Hungary).  There 
were  about  forty  books  on  Japan  and  the  Far  East,  including  those  by  Griffis,  Miyakawa, 
Weale,  Cotes,  Sakurai  and  the  anonymous  record  "As  the  Hague  Ordains;"  ten  on  Russia, 
two  on  Mexico,  by  Winter  and  Martin;  several  on  Latin-American  republics,  including 
Crichfield's,  and  a  dozen  on  Jamestown  and  the  Exposition. 

,  .  POLITICAL    AND    SOCIAL. 

Politics  and  the  related  questions  of  finance  and  social  conditions  found  diverse  expres- 
eion  in  the  season's  books.  The  principles  and  machinery  of  American  Government  were 
treated  in  Holt's  "Civic  Relations,"  Reinseh's  "American  Legislatures,"  Ten  Eyck's  "Gov- 
ernment by  the  People,"  J.  Allen  Smith's  "The  Spirit  of  the  American  Government,"  and 
by  the  Japanese  Miyakawa;  while  Secretary  Root  lectured  on  "The  Citizen's  Part  in  Gov- 
ernment," Dr.  Butler  discussed  the  theory  of  Democracy,  Shaw  examined  the  political 
problems  peculiar  to  American  development,  and  Coolidge  studied  the  International  position 
of  "The  United  States  as  a  World  Power."  En-gland's  system  of  government  was  explained 
by  A.  L.  Lowell,  contrasted  with  which  was  Lloyd's  "A  Sovereign  People"  (working  of 
the  Swiss  Democracy).  Colonial  administration  was  reviewed  in  Alleyne  Ireland's  "Re- 
port" (vols.  1  and  2,  devoted  to  Burma),  and  Munro's  "The  Seigniorial  System  in  Canada," 
as  well  as  in  many  descriptive  books  oa  the  Far  East.    Th©  vital  problems  of  city  govern- 


526  Literature  in  1901. 


ment  found  general  treatment  by  Pairlie,  with  specialized  work.s  by  W.  B.  Mumo  on 
"Jiluropean  Cities,"  by  Howe  on  "The  Britiali  City,"  and  by  Gomme  on  London;  w  hH» 
many-sided  opinlona.  both  English  and  Ameiioan,  on  the  burning  question  of  eovernnient 
and  municipal  ownership  of  public  utilities  were  presented  by  Paterson,  Lubbock,  Porter, 
I'ond,  Darwin,  Meyer,  and  in  the  papers  of  ihe  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science.  Pertinent  to  The  lligue  Conference  wert-  Jones  and  Bellot's  "Commerce  in  War" 
and  Captain  Mahan's   "Some  Nt-glectt^d  Aspects  of   W'ai." 

Economics  in  general  were  consideied  by  John  B.  Clark,  BoUe,  and  Davenport,  and  in 
Hutchinson's  "The  Limit  of  Wealth,"  an  ingenious  working  out  of  a  supposititious  system 
for  the  distribution  of  wealth;  and  there  were  careful  studies  of  various  questions  of 
finance — credit,  exchange,  interest— by  Kemmerer,  Lawson,  ex-Secretary  Shaw.  Sprague, 
and  Fisher,  with  others  on  taxation  by  West  and  Swan,  and  a  volume  of  addresses  edited 
by  Hull  on  banking  and  currency.  The  pros  and  cons  of  tariff  systems  were  presented 
by  Welsford  and  Pigou,  and  the  relation  between  the  American  tariff  and  the  trusts  by 
IMerce,  while  "The  Trust  Movement  in  British  Industry"  was  traced  by  Macrosty,  and  the 
history  of  the  greatest  American  industry,  the  United  States  Steel  Corporation,  recounted 
by  Casson.  Chancellor  Day's  "The  Raid  on  Prosperity"  advocated  tru&ts  and  condemned 
recent  Federal  procedure  against  them.  Railroad  rate  regulation  in  all  its  complexity  was 
the  subject  of  much  argument,  notably  by  Calvert,  Haines,  Merritt.  Parsons,  Albertson, 
Prentice  and  Serrell.  Technical  reports  on  our  railways  were  contributed  by  McPherson, 
and  in  the  official  German  report  by  Hoff  and  Schwabach.  Clive  Day  wrote  a  compre- 
hensive "History  of  Commerce;"  Hendricks  disclosed  the  secrets  of  life  insurance,  and 
Dunning  debated  the  question  of  ship  subsidies. 

The  literature  of  sociology  each  year  gives  evidence  of  a  deepening  interest  in  prob- 
lems of  social  betterment.  Among  many  excellent  treatises  on  its  methods  and  results  may 
be  mentioned  Small's  "Adam  Smith  and  Modern  Sociology."  Forrest's  "The  Development 
of  Western  Civilization"  (study  of  social  evolution);  Flinders-Petrie's  "Janus  in  Modern 
Life"  (survey  of  modern  political-social  conditions),  Chesterton-Hill's  "Heredity  and 
Selection  in  Sociology,"  Baker's  "American  Problems,"  "Patten's  The  New  Basis  of 
Civilization."  Hadley's  "Standards  of  Public  Morality."  Trine's  "In  the  Fire  of  the 
Heart,"  and  Bailey's  statistical  study;  while  Bussell,  Shailer  Mathews,  and  Rauschen- 
busoh  emphasized  the  relation  of  Christianity  to  social  progress.  Subsititutes  for  the  evils 
of  war  were  suggested  by  Jane  Addams  in  "Newer  Ideals  of  Peace;"  social  betterment 
schemes  in  Great  Britain  described  by  W.  L.  George,  and  the  business  of  charity  explained 
by  Allen  in  "Efficient  Deniocracj%"  Donaldson  and  Thomas  devoted  attention  to  the 
position  of  woman  and  the  influence  of  sex  in  human  society.  The  relations  between  labor 
and  capital  were  the  subject  of  Samuel  G.  Smith's  "The  Industrial  Conflict."  and  the 
problem  of  child  labor  that  of  Mrs.  Van  Vorst's  "The  Cry  of  the  Children."  with  enlight- 
ening studies  of  the  English  working  classes  contributed  by  Olive  C.  Malvery.  Mrs.  Hugh 
Bell.  M.  Loane.  and  of  the  poor  in  England  and  America  in  Jack  London's  "The  Ro?.ds." 
L.  B.  More's  "Wage  Earners'  Budgets"  is  a  study  of  the  cost  of  living  in  New  York  City. 
Alien  peoples  were  studied  in  Commons'  "Races  and  Immigrants  in  America,"  Basker- 
Tille's  "The  Polish  Jew,"  Fynn's  "The  American  Indian,"  and  in  works  on  the  negro  by 
Dowd,  Finot,  Washington,  and  DuBois,  whereas  "The  Race  Question  in  Canada"  was 
treated  by  Siegfried  and  "The  Asiatic  Danger  in  the  Colonies"  by  Neame.  Socialism  wa.s 
the  subject  of  more  than  twentv-five  books,  notably  Mallock's,  Le  Rossignol's,  and  Kro- 
potkin's,  and  also  Podmore's  "Life  of  Robert  Owen"  and  Russell's  "The  Uptising  of  the 
Many"  (history  of  co-operatiai).  Sinclair's  "The  Industrial  Republic"  is  a  forecast  of 
American  communism.  > 

_;  LITERATURE. 
Foremost  among  books  in  this  field  was  the  initial  volume  of  the  fourteen-volume 
"Cambridge  Historv  of  English  Literature,"  edited  by  Ward  and  Waller,  the  volume  cov- 
ering the  period  "From  the  Beginnings  to  the  Cycles  of  Romance."  Other  studies  of 
English  literature  included  Jusserand's  "Literary  History"  (vol.  2).  Nicoll  and  Seccombe  s 
"Historv  of  English  Literature."  Chandler's  "Literature  of  Roguery,"  Gummere  s  "The 
Popular' Ballad,"  and  Omond's  "English  Metrists."  I^liee  wrote  a  history  of  comparative 
literature;  Newmarch  directed  attention  to  "Poetry  and  Progress  in  Russia;"  Prof.  Wood- 
bury interpreted  certain  "Great  Writers,"  and  enlarged  on  "The  Appreciation  of  Litera- 
ture," and  Stopford  A.  Brooke  contributed  "Studies  in  Poetry."  Ibsen  was  interpreted  by 
Jennette  Lee  and  Bjorkman;  George  Meredith,  by  Trevelyan  and  Bailey;  "Paradise  Lost, 
by  Marianna  Woodhull;  "The  Arthur  of  the  English  Poets,"  by  Maynadier.  and  Shake- 
speare's art  examined  by  Moulton,  Canning,  Baker,  and  Werder.  Delightful  examples  of 
the  rare  art  of  essay  writing  can  be  accredited  to  A.  C.  Benson.  Lucas,  Maeterlinck,  and 
Brander  Matthews.  In  the  realm  of  drama  may  be  mentioned  Mackaye's  "Sappho  and 
Phaon,"  Johnston's  "Goddess  of  Reason,"  and  Shaw's  new  plays.  The  erotic  poems  of 
Yietftck  aroused  much  unprofitable  and  indiscriminating  discussion.  Among  books  of 
reference  there  were  the  first  volume  of  the  "Catholic  Encyclopaedia."  Lockwood  s  'Lex- 
icon to  the  English  Poetical  Works  of  John  Milton,"  and  useful  bibliographies  of  Oliver 
AVendell  Holmes.  Lincoln,  and  of  Christology.  The  increase  of  works  on  Esperanto  and 
other   "world  languages"    may   be   noted. 

MISCELLANEOUS.  ,  .,     , 

The  year's  travel  books  numbered  Peary's  "Nearest  the  Pole;"  two  works  on  Ala.sKa 
by  Cook  and  Dunn;  one  on  Labrador  by  Wallace:  two  on  the  Congo  by  Starr  and  Richard 
Harding  Davis;  a.--  well  as  Landor's  "Across  Wildest  Africa."  "The  France  of  To-Day  ^ 
was  elucidated  bv  Barrett  Wendell,  as  was  the  United  States  after  twenty-five  years 
absence  bv  Henrv'  James,  and  there  were  admirable  descriptions  of  American  localities  and 
tvpes  bv  Prudden,  Hough.  Parrish.  Paine,  and  Haney.  Among  many  scientific  books  of 
popular  interest  mav  be  selected  the  fourth  volume  in  the  "Cambridge  Natura]  History. 
Kellogg's  "Darwinism  To-i^av."  Hobbs'  "Earthquakes,"  Lankester's  "The  Kingdom  of 
Man,"  Duncan's  "Chemistry  of  Commerce."  various  works  on  nutrition,  and  Sale^oy  s 
"Worrv:  the  Disease  oi  the  Age."  Other  special  subjects  were  treated  in  James  l;';^g- 
matlsm"  (philosophy).  Blrdseve's  "Individual  Training  in  Our  Colleges."  Camnbell  s  J  he 
New  Theology."  Putnam's  "Censorship  of  the  Church  of  Rome,"  Gall  ton  s  'Church  ana 
State  in  France."  as  well  as  in  various  works  on  the  Incarnation,  several  books  on  Chrla- 
tlan  Science,  notably  by  Mark  Twain  and  Powell,  and  Friedman's  "The  Romance  of  tie 
Salvation  Army."  . 


Copyright  Ijaw  of  the   TJniteAl  States.  527 

(Kopi)rifll)t  IL«iU)  of  tf)e  2au(tctr  ^States. 

DTKirXTIOXS  FOR  SF/'rui.\(4   COI'VnKUIT   UXDKR  TlIK  RFATSKU  ACTS  OF  fONGRKSS, 
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newal the  record  thereof  must  be  advertised  in  an  American  newspaper  for  four  weeks. 

TIME  OF  PUBLICATION. 

The  time  of  publication  is  not  limited  by  any  law  or  regulation,  but  the  courts  have  held  that  it 
should  take  place  "within  a  reasonable  time.  "  Registration  of  title  may  be  secured  for  a  projected 
as  well  as  for  a  completed  work.  But  the  law  provides  for  no  caveat  or  notice  of  interference- 
only  for  actual  entry  of  title. 

ASSIGNMENTS. 

Copyrights  are  assignable  by  any  iustrinnent  of  writing.     Such  assignment  is  to  be  recorded  in 
theoltice  of  the  Librarian  ot  ( 'oiigress  withli  sixty  days  from  execution,  "'in  defaidt  of  whicli  it  shall 
be  void  a.s  against  any  subsequent  piin'hasr>r  or  niortgagee   for  a  valuable  consideration,  without 
notice."     The  fee  for  this  record  and  certificate  is  $1,  and  for  a  certified  copv  of  anv  record  of  assign   i 
ment:?!.     A  copy  of  the  record  lor  duplicate  certificate)  of  any  copyright  eutry  will  be  furnished,] 
under  seal  of  the  oQige,  at  the  vale  of  oU  cents  Ga.Q\x. 


528 


United   States   Geograj^hic  Board. 


.Statistics  Of  tijr  i^ccsjs. 


RowELL's  American  Newspaper  Directory  for  1907  reported  the  number  of  newspapers  published 
;;aiiada  as  22,808.  01  these»l,  153  were  Canadian  publications.    The  following 


In  the  United  States  and  Cai 
■was  the  frequency  of   issue 
semi- weekly,  602;  quarterlj' 
The  following  shows  the 


:  Weekly.   16,252;  monthly,  2,876 ;  daily,  2,478;  semi-monthly,  290; 
j%  21S;   bi-weekly,  52 ^  bi-monthly,  70;  tri-weekly.  56-lotul.  22,898. 
number  of  papers  printed  iu  the  States  and  Canada  in  1906-07: 


Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas  

California 

Canada. 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware  

Dis.  of  Columbia. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho  

Illinois 


234 

211 

641 

8121 

7541 

1,15;3 

345 

1521 

33: 

70 

160 

387 

124 

1,634 


Indiana  

Indian  Territory. 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana — 

Maine 

Maryland 

iMassnchusetts  . . . 

Michigan  

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 


813 
200 

1,047 
739 
331 
210 
161 
173 
607 
781 
867 
2i5 

1,036 
106 


Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . . 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma  

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 


619 

47 

90 

885 

68 

1,984 

263 

297 

1,137 

330 

239 

1,3S7 

64 


South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota.. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

f'tah  

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washingtoti  ... 
West  Virginia.. 

Wisconsin  

Wyoming 


160 

325 

305 

862 

86 

70 

243 

330 

213 

693 

56 


Total 22,898 


The  total  number  of  newspapers  published  in  the  world  at  present  is  estimated  at  about  60,000, 
disti-ibuted  as  follows:  United  States  and  Canada,  22,898;  Germany,  8,049;  Gieat  Brituin,  9,500; 
France,  6,681;  .Tapan,  1,000;  Italv,  2,757;  Austria-Hungary,  2,958;  Asia, exclusive  of  .Japan, 1,000; 
Spain,  1,000;  Russia,  1,000;  AustRtlia,  1.000;  Greece,  130;  Switzerland,  1,005;  Holland,  980; 
Belgium,  956;  all  othei's,  1,0{K).     Of  these  more  than  half  are  printed  in  the  English  language. 


THE    ASSOCIATED    PRESS. 

The  following  are  the  officers  and  directors  of  this  organization:  i^r."?/(len<— Frank  B.  Noyes. 
Flmt  Fic€- P?T.s/dr)i?— Charles  Hopkins  Clark,  Hartford  Courwxt.  Second  Vice- President— Hvilusi  N. 
Rhodes,  Birmingliam  (Ala, )  i\V(M.  ,Ser7r<<(r.v— Melville  E.  Stone.  Assistant  S''crelary—Cha.v\Q^  S. 
Diehl.  ?*?'(;a.sH?r?-— Herman  Bidder.  Exemlire  Oynun ittee— Adolph  S.  Ochs,  Victor  F.  Lawson, 
Charles  W.  Knapp,  Frank  B.  Noves,  and  Cliarles  H.  Grasiy.  Dfrfictors— Adolph  S.  Ochs,  New 
York  Times;  Clark  Howell,  Atlanta  Conslit^ttinn;  W.  L.  McLean,  Philadelphia  B\(Uefin;  Albert  J. 
Barr,  Pittsburgh  Pos^'  Charles  W.  Knapp,  St,  Louis  i^f/ntWtc;  Victor  F.  Lawson,  Chicago  i)«i7t/ 
News;  H.  W.  Scott,  Portland  Orefioninn;  Frank  B.  Noyes,  Chicago  Ef cord- Herald:  Thomas  G. 
Rapier,  New  Orleans  Picayioie:  Herman  Ridder,  New  York  Staats-Zeitumi;  M.  H^  De  Young.  San 
Francisco  Chronicle:  Charles  H.  Grasty.  Baltimore.  Evening  News;  Gen. Charles  H.  Taylor,  Boston 
(Mass.)  GlobCy  and  William  R.  Nelson,  Kansas  City  Star. 


INTERNATIONAL  LEAGUE  OF  PRESS  CLUBS. 

Elected  at  the  seventeenth  annual  convention,  held  in  Birmingham,  Ala. ,  October  21- 26, 1907: 
President— V)a.n\e-\'L.  Hart,  Wilk«s-Barre  (Pa, )  iVeuw.*  Vice-Presidents— ^.  A.  Rouutree,  Birmingham 
(Ala. ;,  Dixie  jManufactiirer;  Eldeu  Small,  Detroit  Nexi}s  ;  Ada  Tower  Cable,  liradford  (Pa. )  Herald  ; 
George  H.  Hoflman,  Philadelphia,  Nnrd  AmrrUca;  Frank  A.  Burrelle,  Bnrrelle's  Bureau,  N.  Y. ; 
iS^c?e/a?-i/— Lewis  G.  Early,  Reading  (Pa,)  I'inies.  Treasurer— Robert  B.  .Mclntyre,  Brooklyn,  Item. 
Executive  Committee— T.  J.  Keenan,  chairman,  Pittsburgh  (Pa.)  Puhlistiers'  Press;  Edward 'Keating, 
Denver,  Neivs:  R.  F.  Johnston,Birmiugham  (Ala.)  I^'drier;  C.Frank  Rice,  Boston  Press  (jlub; 
James  A.Wood,  Seattle,  Times;  Harry  L.  Hornbevger,  Philadelphia,  Pen  and  Pencil  Club;  George 
H.  Rowe,  Brooklyn,  limes;  Giles  H.  Dickinson,  Binghamton  (N.Y. )  Jiepublican;  H.  B.  I^ufman, 
Pittsburgh,  i^ru/g/-,  "'"""    "" "        .  ..  .  ^.- ..,.     -».    ^  .  „     .        „ ,  ,. 

Post;  Libbie."  -''   - 

V\'  OIXl  till     o  JTl  vovj    j^^o-T^v   i£iii\^ii>    j_*t  i  y  cii  x^«      ■  /' »»    n.*vvyvyv4j       t\    c^.th*  i  4  i^  l^ 

annual  convention  wiU  be  held  in  Seattle,  Wash.,  July,  1908. 


Winiuyi  estates  axCorjiMpl&ic  JJoartr* 

Ch,air77ian,  Henry  Gannett,  Geological  Survey,  Department  of  the  Interior;  Sr.cretai'y,  Ciharles  S. 
Sloan,  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor;  Frank  Bond.  General  Land  Office, 
Departmentof  the  Interior;  Andrew  Brain,  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survej-,  Department  of  Commerce 
and  Labor;  Major  Adolphvoa  Haake,  Fost-Office  Department ;  Arnold  B.  Jobnson,  Light  House 
Board,  Department  of  (Commerce  and  Lal>or;  George  W.  Litllehales,  Hydrographic  OHice,  Depart- 
mentof the  Navy;  Prof.  Oils  T.  ]\rason.  National  ]Museum,  Smithsonian  Institution;  Dr.  C.  Ilart 
Morriss,  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey,  Departmentof  Agriculture;  John  S.  Mills,' Department  of 
the  Treasury;  Lieut.-  CoL  Thaddeus  W.  Jones,  General  Staff,  Department  of  War;  William  Mc- 
Neir,  Chief  of  the  Bun^au  of  Rolls  and  Library,  Department  of  State;  Overton  \V.  Price,  Forest 
Service,  Department  of  Agriculture;  C.  M.  Robinson,  Government  Printing  Office ;  Com.  Chailes  C. 
Rogers,  Hydrographic  Ollice,  Department  of  the  Navy. 

By  Executive  Order  of  .Vngusi  10, 1906,  the  rjfHcial  title  of  the  United  States  Board  on  Geographic 
Names  was  changed  10  United  States  Geographic  Boanl,  and  its  duties  enlarged.-  The  Board  passes 
on  all  unsettled  questions  concerning  geographic  names  which  arise  in  the  departments,  as  well  as 
determining,  changiuir,  and  fixing  place  names  within  the  United  Stales  and  its  insular  possessions, 
and  all  names  hereafter  sugijested  by  anj'  officer  of  the  Govt^rrnnent  shall  be  referred  to  the  Hoard 
before  publication.  The  decisions  of  the  Board  are  to  be  accepted  by  all  the  deparinienis  of  the  Gov- 
ernment as  standard  authority.  Advisory  powers  wei'e  granted  the  Board  concerning  the  prepara- 
tion of  maps  compiled,  or  to  be  compiled,  in  the  v.-vrious  offices  and  bureaus  of  the  (ioveniment,  with 
a  special  view  to  the  avoidance  of  unnecessary  duplication  of  work;  and  for  the  unification  and  im- 
provem<^nt  of  the  scales  of  maps, of  the  symlxjls  and  conventions  used  up m  them,  and  of  the  methods 
of  representing  relief.  Hereafter,  all  .such  projects  as  are  Of  iaiporlauce  shall  be  submitted  to  this 
Board  for  advice  before  being  undertaken. 


The  Production  of  Paper,  529 

-  ■■  ■  '     ■■-■ TST"  ■  "J**."—         ■    ■ ' "" ■■■       ■  ■-■■— —■-■■■  ■■  ■       ■  ■■      ■   ■         -■        ■    .*■ 

(From  Cfiisus  Uiilletiu  Is'o.  70.) 

Thk  total  number  of  estahllshmeuts  Ifi  this  iudustry  in  ld05was  2G,422,  a  number  lar^rthan 
was  reported  forany  other  iiidnsirj'. 

'J'lie  capital  required  ill  lin)5  to  oouduct  the  printing  and  publishing  business  was  8385,008, 004, 
It  was  ai)proximatel y  double  tliat  required  in  1890,  and  it  was  doubtless  due  to  a  consiaorai)lb  degree 
to  mechanical  changes  which  liave  taken  iilucein  this  industry  during  the  iVast  ten  or  lilteeu  yeui-s. 
The  Lutal  value  of  pnxluctfj  repmted  in  1905  was  $4lH>,00l,357. 

()[  the  total  number  of  establishments  in  the  entire  industry,  about  one-third  were  excliisively 
book  and  jolj  establishments,  one-sixth  exclusively  newspaper  and  periodical  estaidishinents,  and 
over  one-half  werecombination  establishments— that  is,  prodU(;ihg  botll  booic  and  job  printing  and 
newspapei"S  and  periodicfds.  In  value  of  products  the  exclusive  establishments  were  practically 
on  eycn  leims,  the  amount  reported  for  book  and  job  printing  being  $180, 759, 503  and  for  news- 
papers and  periodicals,  $184. 736,800  ;  but  ill  the  combination  establishment  the  value  of  newspaper 
and  periodical  products  greatly  outweighed  the  value  of  book:  and  job  printing.  Theentire  value  of 
products  distributed  between  the  two  general  classes  Vvas  ^233,230, 842  fol'  book  and  job  pribtlug  and 
$250,816,282  for  newspapers  and  jieriodicals. 

BOOK  ANtt  JOB  PRINTING. 
,      The  aI>solnte  increase  in  value  of  book  and  Job  jiroducts  during  the  five-year  period  was  unpre- 
cedented.   From  1880  to  1890  it  was  approximately  $4,500,000;  from  1890tolOOO,  $28 , 000, OtX) ; 
and  during  the  half  decade  from  1900  to  1905,  $62,000,000.    At  this  rate  the  value  of  products  will 
double  in  1910  as  compared  with  1900. 

Without  using  specific  cases  for  purposes  of  illustrationit  is  difficult  to  appreciate  the  ma^rnitude 
of  nmiiy  orders  for  ordinary  commercial  printing,  editions  of  hundreds  of  thousaiuls  of  pamphlets 
and.even  of  many  millions  being  not  infrequently  produced  by  the  larger  Job  establishnaeuts  in  New 
York,  ChicagOi  and  other  centres  of  trade.  Job  printing  has  been  materially  benefited  by  ilie  exten- 
sion of  rural  free  delivery,  which  has  greatly  stimulated  catalogue  and  circuliar production. 

Moreover  there  are  many  new  requirements  for  miscellaneous  printing.  Tlie  ti-ansfer  systertl,  for 
example,  requiring  more  than  3,000,000.000  transfer  slips  annuallj'  for  the  trolley  systems  of  the 
Unifeu  States,  represents  approximately  30,000,000  printed  sheets  of  jmper. 

The  teleiihone,  now  extended  to  all  parts  of  the  United  .States,  depends  upon  the  subscriber's 
book.which^saniiiflispeusable  adjunct  of  each  in.strumeut.  Of  these  books  the  three  cities  having 
"more  than  1,000,000  inhabitants— New  York,  Ch'eas:o,  and  Philadelphia— required  approximately 
1,400,000  copies  ill  1905,  coniainlngmore  than  2,500,000  pounds  of  paper  and  requiring  presswork 
aergregating  nearly  42.000.000  impressions,  equivalent  to  the  work  of  one  cylinder  press  turning  ouc 
10,000  inipres-ions  per  day  for  fourteen  j-^eats  of  \vorkingdays. 

The  aggregate  number  of  copies  of  all  newsimpers  aud  periodicals  ifi  the  United  States  published 
during  the  census  year  1905  W^s  lt),325,14o,l83. 

NE\VSPa!pERS  A^D  PERtODICAtS. 

The  valiie  of  products  of  newspapers  and  perindicals  arises  from  two  sources  of  income-^obscrip- 
tionsand  sales,  and  advertising.  At  the  Census  of  1880  the  assets  devi'red  from  Rubsciiptions  and 
sales  exceeded  those  from  advertising  by  almost  $11 ,000.000^  or  approximately  one-fourth.  In  1890 
tlie  products  of  both  branches  were  of  almost  equal  value,  subscriptions  and  sales,  however,  being 
greater  by  $1,000,000.  At  the  Census  of  1900  advertising  look  the  lead,  with  an  excess  Of  nearly 
?rl6,  OOO.OOO.  Since  1900  this  lead  has  been  further' iuoreased,  and  ih  1905  amounted  tb  neiaWy 
!j«4,000.()00.  .      .     • 

In  1880  the  total  value  of  advertising  was eqtiivalent  to  the  expenditure  of  78  cents  per  capita: 
inlB90,  $1.13;  in  1900,  $1.26;  and  19U6,  $1.79,  on  the  basis  of  estimated  population  Jnnel,  1904. 
The  ])er  capita  value  of  advertising  thus  more  than  doubled  from  1B80  to  1905.  On  the  oHier  hand, 
tlie  i>er  capita  value  of  subscriptions  aud  sales  increased  much  less  rapidly,  rising  from  99  cents  in 
1880  to  $1.37  in  1905.  . 

Aw  attempt  was  made  at  this  census  to  report  separately  the  Sunday  issue  of  daily  papers,  but  was 
found  to  be  impracticiable.  It  was  found,  however,  that  thie  Sunclay  edition  of  dailies  in  1905 
amounted  to  11,539,021  copies  per  issue^  contributed  by  456  papers,  as  comjKired  with  a  total  daily 
circulation  per  issue  of  21,079,130. . 

The  airgregate  circulation  of  weekly  papers  per  issue  was  S7, 732, 037  in  1905. 

In  1905  tiie  aeffiesrate  circhlation  oF  the  nvonthly  onstripped  tl^at  of  eN'et-y  other  class  and 
amounted  to  64,306,155  per  issue,  almost  half  the  total  circuhulon  pei-igsueof  uUeliassesof  publ?- 
cations  in  the  United  States. 

(From  Census  Bulletin  No.  SO.) 
At  the  cejVsUspf  manufactures  taken  in  1905  the  reported  value  of  the  "products  of  this  industry 
was  $188,715,189.    Tlieindust'ry  gave  eniploymenl  to  65,^64  wage- eairners,  and  the  capital  invested 

in  it  wias  reported  as  $277,444,471.        ,  .  -. 


58*1,  or78.  7  percent.;  the  production  of  book  j^apei-JVy  5512,532.550,  or  50.4  per  cent.  ;nnd  that  of 
fine  paper,  con.sisting  mainly  of  writlU":  paper,  b.v  156,353, 196,  oi- 40  percent.  tAt  the  Census  of  IHOS, 
912, 822  tons  of  ne\vs 'paper  Were  reported;  515,517  tons  of  book  paper:  andl31vy34  tons  of  writing 
paper. 

I'he  total  e6«;l  of  materials  used  in  thr.s  Industry  in  1905  was  relumed  as  $111,251,478.  Of  this 
total,  §27.633,164  represented  the  cosl  of  wood  pulp  and  "fibre  phrchased. 

The  principal  raw  matelials  used  in  the  paper  industry  are  wood,  usually  spftice  or  poplar,  rags 
CtTsedfor  fine  paper),  old  or  Waste  papfet-.maniln  stock,  jute  bagging,  rope.  straW.  .sulphur,  clav.  etc. 
The  most  important  of  all  these  meastu-ed  by  quantity  and  qost  is  wood.  In  thejiajier  and  wood  pulp 
„_.!  ..  !,•..        ^.._,_      ,  ,    ...        .    .  . reiisedin 

tonnage, 
[•eported  cost 

$8,333,380.  ^  •'"'*' — -Jtsatotalof 


530  ICsperan.to. 


JTljc  iUrotntction  of  iSooUs. 


Ainerlcau  Publications,  1906  (inohidintr  u«?\v  t^ditions)  -Fictloa,  1.171:  literamre  and  col- 
lected woiks,  45:i;  juvenile,  tii8;  eiUioatiou,  oU);  hiw,  571;  theology,  G21;  poet r.v  and  riiama,  343; 
biugraphv,  correspondeuce,  436;  inedicine,  3:>2;  physical  and  mathematical  science.  407:  hisioi-y, 
341 ;  poliiicaland  social  science,  33ti;  tjenaiaplir,  travel,  28.5;  fine  aits,  224;  iiseiiU  arts,  190;  philos- 
ophy, 51:  sports  and  amusements. ()9.  domestic  and  rural,  84;  humor  and  satire.95;  works  of  ref- 
erence, 119.  Total  1906,7,139;  total  190  >,  8.112;  total  1904,  8,291;  total  1903.  7,856;  loisil  lOO'J, 
7.833;  total  1901,  8,141;  total  1900,  6.356;  toial  1899,  5,3^1;  total  1898,  4,886;  total  1897, 
4  928.      Of  the  production  of  1906.  there  were 5.093  books  by  American  authors. 

British  Publications,  li)0-'j  (including  new  editions)  — Theology,  sermons,  737:  educational, 
classical,  916;  novels  and  juvenile  works,  2.883;  law.  99;  political  and  social  economy,  trade. 760; 
arts,  .sciences,  and  illustrated  works,  499;  travels,  geographical  research,  303;  history,  biography,  641 ; 
poetrv  and  the  drama,  4.58;  year-books  and  serials.  475:  medicine,  surgerv.  279;  belles-lettres, 
essavs,307;  mi.scellaueous,  247.  Total  1906,8,603;  total,  1905,  8,252 ;  1904, 8,334 ;  total  1903,  8,381; 
totai  1902,  7,381. 

C^erinaii  Publications,  1906 -Bibliography,  encj'clopaedias,  552;  theology.  2.422;  law  aiid 
political  science,  2,801;  medicine,  1,827;  natural  sciences,  mathematics,  1,526;  pliilo.sophy  and 
theosophy.  679;  education,  juvenile  books,  4.250;  language  and  literature.  1,649;  history,  1,188; 
geography.  1,293;  militarj'  scieiK-e.  715;  commerce,  industrial  arts, 1.868;  arcliitecture  and  engi- 
neering, 979;  domestic  economy,  agriculture,  861;  drama  and  poiMilar  literature.  4.104:  art.  895; 
vear-books,  593;  miscellaneous,  501.  Total  1906,  28,703;  total  1905,  28.886;  total  1904,  28,378; 
total  1903.  27,*06;  total  1902,  26,906;  total  1901.25.331. 

French  Pnblications-Total  190(3,  10,898:  totall905,  12,410;  total  1904, 12,139;  total  19a3, 
12,264;  total  1902,  12,199;  total  1901.  13,0)3;  total  1900,  13.362. 

The  book  productions  in  the  Netherlands  in  1905  were  3,290;  Switzerland  in  1903,7.816; 
Belgium  in  1904.  2,995;  Denmark  in  1903. 1.544;  Bxjumania  i n  1901, 1 , 739 ;  Spain  and  Portugal  in 
1897.1,200;  Austria- Ilungarv  in  1899,5.000;  .Tapasi  in  1899.  21.255;  Russia  in  1901.5.935;  British 
India  in  1891,  7.700;  lurkevln  1890,  940:  Norway  in  1903,  712;  Sweden  in  1900,  1,683;  Poland 
in  1903.  934;  ItalvinlOOO,  9,975.  The  total  book  publications  of  the  world  annually  approximate 
150.000,  Paul  OUet.  the  Secretary  of  the  Brussels  International  BiV)liographic  Institute,  estimates 
the  number  of  printed  bookssince  the  invention  of  printing  to  .Tan nary,  1900. at  12, l&J, 000  separate 
works,  and  the  number  of  periodicals  at  between  fifteen  and  eighteen  million.s. 

Mr.  .\.  GrowoU,  editor  of  ''The  Publishers'  Weekly,"  has  furnished  the  statistics  from  which  the 
above  figures  have  been  compiled. j 


lE.Dipi 


irranto* 

THE  INTERNATIONAL  LANGUAGE. 

The  following  statement  regarding  ICsperauto  has  been  prepared  by  the  New  York  Ksperanto 
Societv.  and  from  the  "Esperanto  Key  " 

Ksperanto  is  an  artificial  language  invented  hy  the  Russian  Dr  L.  L.  Zamenhof,  of  Warsaw, 
PolaMd.  It  has  o'llv  one  object  in  view,  namely,  to  serve  as  an  international  auxiliary  language;  it  is 
not  in  theleast  intended  to  replace  the  national  languages.  The  first  book  in  the  new  language  was 
published  in  1887. 

The  Esperanto  words  are  mostl.y  of  Latin,  but  to  some  extent  aLso  of  Anglo-German  origin,  so  that 
at  the  first  glance  Esperanto  has  the  familiar  appearance  of  a  Roman  language. 

The  great  success  of  Esperanto,  which  is  now  known  and  stuflied  all  over  the  world,  is  chiefly  due 
to  the  facility  with  which  it  may  be  mastered.  The  pronunciation  is  strictly  phonetic,  making  the 
study  of  spelling  unnecessary.  Thegrainmar  does  not  admit  of  any  exceptions  to  the  rides,  and  is  so 
logical  and  simple  that  it  niaybe  learned  completely  in  a  few  hours  b\' an.v  person  who  is  familiar 
with  the  grammar  of  his  mother  tongue.  The  vocabulary  consists  of  about  2, 500  rof)t  words,  a  large 
majority  of  which  is  known  to  anyone  whose  language  contains  a  great  number  of  Latin  roots— for 
instance,  English. 

Jn  spite  of  this  small  number  of  rootwords  Esperanto  hasheen  made  rich  in  words  jmd  expressions 
by  the  adoption  of  certain  alhxes  and  certain  methods  of  word  combination.  By  these  simple  and 
easy  means  a  considerable  vocabulary  may  be  obtained.  Esperanto  is  a  well-sounding  language 
when  spoken. 

The  merits  of  Esperanto  having  been  recognized  by  such  eminent  authorities  as  Prof. Max  :m  i"iller. 
Count  L.  Tolstoi  and  Sir  William  Ramsay,  it  has  quietly  and  without  ostentation  conquered  all 
obstacles,  and  spread  triumphantiv  over  the  whole  world.  Its  grammar  has  been  translated  into  .some 
28  languages  and  dialects,  and  nearly  30  monthly  journals  are  devoted  to  its  propjiganda. 

While  in  Canada,  Mexico  and  South  America  Esperanto  has  been  zealously  studied  lor  many 
years,  it  was  almost  nnknown  in  the  Uidted  States  until  1905.  In  the  begiiniing  of  that  year  the  first 
societv  for  thestudy  and  propagation  of  Esperanto  was  formed  in  Boston.  Mass., and  in  the  following 
•Iidy  the  New  York"  Esperanto  Society  was  founded.  Through  the  efforts  of  these  two  societies  and 
others,  which  had  since  been  commenced  in  Philadelphia  and  other  parts  of  this  country,  Esperanto 
spread  rapidly.  An  American  Esperanto  Association  has  been  founded,  and  two  Esperanto  montlily 
magazines  are  published:  the  Amerika  EsperantUto  and  the  Anwrlccu), Ksoeranto  Journal,  in  Okla- 
homa City,  Okla.,  and  Boston,  Mass.,  respectively. 

■  Esperanto  olters  an  immediate  advantage  by  laying  open  to  the  possessor  the  whole  world.  It 
breaksdown  thebarriers  of  speech,  and  procures  for  one  in  every  land  a  multitude  of  persons  who 
can  understand  one's  language  and  are  ready  to  exchange  ideas  and  service  \\ith  him. 

If  one  wishes  to  correspond  with  people  of  different  nations,  with  whose  languages  he  is  notcon- 
versant,  forthe  purposes  of  commerce,  science,  informationoramusement— this  can  be  accomplished 
easily  by  the  helpof  Esperanto,  Where  travellers  of  diHerentnations  may  only  with  difficulty  under- 
stand oiie  another  by  means  of  a  few  written  F.atin  words— the  pronunciation  of  Ijatin  being  different 
in  differentuations— with  Esperanto  they  would  be  able  to  speak  together  and  to  help  one  another. 

THE  STUDY  OF  ESPERANTO. 

The  New  York  E'^peranto  Societv  has  been  formed  to  promote  thestudy  of  Esperanto  and  to  enable 

■"    -         ....  .  .       '      ••    'n  it. 

h'-ast 

^  ,^  -       '"& 

thesocletj' Is'Sl.OO.  The  dues  are  $3.00  a  vear,  pavable  25  cents  a  month.  The  officers  of  the 
society  are:  Dr.  M.  Talmev,  President;  Joseph  Kubic,  Vice-President;  David  H.  Dodgej  Financial 
Secretary;  Alexander  Duff,  Tre«.snrer;  Andrew  Kangas,  No.  1061  Prospect  Avenue.  New  York, 
Becretary,  from  whom  further  information  may  be  obtained. 


Carnegie  Libraries. 


531 


^^)t  jFocti.)  ^immortals  of  tfjc  iFreuci)  .^caltrnin. 


Year 

Klsctkd. 


( 
8 


1  1870.... 

2  1874... 

3  187rt.... 

4  1877.... 
6  1881... 
(i  1884 . . . . 

I.S86  ... 

1888  ... 

t»  1,S88 

1')  18.»0  ... 
11   1-V)1    ... 

I  i  VA-Yl  . . . 

i>  isi»;>  ... 

II  i8;u  ... 

io  1894  ... 
1<3  l.Sito  . . . 

17  l<S.»rt  ... 

18  18;J6.... 
11)  1806... 
•JO  18!>7.... 

21  1897... 

22  18!  H» 
2;J  1890  ... 
24  1900  ... 
2.-1  19<>1.... 

26  1901... 

27  1901... 

28  190;3.... 

29  190r$  ... 
SO  1905... 
;?1  1JMX5.... 
:^2  1906... 
•A.\  1906.... 
34  1907... 
oo  1907.... 
:U>  1907... 
37  1907... 
38i  .... 
39 

40i 


Name. 


EniileOllJvier .,. 

Alfred  Jean  Francois  Moziiires 

Marie  I,ouis  Antoine  Ua-'stou  Bois.sier 

V'ictorieu  !?arcloii 

!Fi-aiiyois  Kdouard  .Joachim  Copptie 

|r.ii(l()vic  Halev.v 

Otiit'iiiii  P.  rteC'Ic-ron  < 'ointed'HauNSonville. 

j.liiles  Aniuml  Ansciie  Claret ie 

iKuf^oiie  Marie  Melciiior,  Viconite  dc  Vogiio. 
'('harles  Louis  de  Saiilsfs  de  Fre .vci net ...... . 

fvoiiis  Marie  .Tiilieu  Viaud  (Pierre  Loti) 

Friiest  Lavisse 

Paid  Louis  Tliureau-  Daiigiu 

I  Pa  id  Bourget 

jllciiri   Houssaye 

^ Jules  Lemaitre 

I.Facques  Auatole  Thibault  (.Anatole  France). 

Marquis  Marie  C  A.  Costa  de  Beauregard... 

Louis  .lules  Albert  Conite  Vandal 

Alhert  Omite  de  Mun 

jGahriel  Hanotaux 

Henri  Leon  Kniile  Lavedan 

P.-iul  Desehanei , 

:  Paul  Hervien 

Angiiste  Eniile  Fagnel 

;Charles  .lean  Melrliior,  Marquis  de  Vogue. .. 

iFdmond  Rostand 

'  Frederic  Massou 

,  Ren^  Ba/Jn 

Ftienne  I,ani.v 

I -Alexandre  F'elix  Joseph  Ribot 

Maurice  Rarres 

Cardinal  Fraa9ois  Desire  Mathieu 

Marquis  deSegur 

Maurice  Donua.v 

I  Mai  t  re  A nd re  Barboux .• . . 

Marcel  Prevost 

Vacant 

Vacant 

Vacant 


Born. 

Marseill<'s,  1825..... 

Paris,  1820 

Ninies,   1823 

Paris.  1H31 

Paris,  1842 

Paris,  1.S34 

(iure.v,  1843 

liinioges,  1840 

.Nice,    1848 

Foix,  1828 

Rochelnrt,    18.")0 

Nouvien,   1842 

Paris,  1837 

Amiens,  18.52 

Paris,  18.58 

Orleans,  1.S53 

Paris,  1841....: 

N.votte,  Savoy, 1839, 

Paris,  180] 

r,umigny,  1841 

Beanrevoir.  1853 

Orleans,  1859 

BrnssPis.    1.S.5H 

Nenillv,  1857 

La  Rdchc.  1847 

Paris,  1S29 

Marseille'^.  1868 

Paris,  1847 

-Angeres.  1863 

Jura,  1840 

St.Omer.l842 -. 

Charmes,  1862    

1839. . 


Predecessor. 


Paris,  18.53. 

Paris,  1860 

Chateamonx,  1834. 
Paris,   1862 


'  De  Lamarline. 

St.   Marc-Girardin. 

I'alin. 

.\iu  ran. 

De  Laprade. 

(  ot!) te  d'  Hauseonville 

( "a  ro. 

Cnvillier-Flcnry. 

Desire  Nisard. 

Fniile  Angirr. 
Octave  Feuillet. 

JnriendelaGraviere. 

I-innsset. 

Maximc  Dn  Camp. 

Leconle  de  Lisle. 

Jean  Victor  Duruy. 

('onite  de  Lessens. 

('ami lie  C.  Doucet. 

I;eon  Say. 

,lules  Simon. 

<  hailemel-Lacour. 

Henri  Meilhac. 
i  Herve. 
;  Pailleron. 

Cherhnliez. 

Due  de  Broglle. 

Bornier. 

Gaston  Paris. 
jLegonvc. 
itJcrnrd. 

D'  Audi  (Tret  Pasquier. 

De  Moredia. 

Perraiid. 

Rousse. 

Sorel. 

Brunetiero. 

(4uilla!niie. 

Prudbonime. 

Thenriet. 

Berthelot. 


■  *  The  French  .Academv  is  one  of  five  academies,  and  the  most  eminent,  constituting  tlie  Distitute 
of  France.  It  was  founded  in  1635hvthe  Cardinal  Richelieu,  and  reorganized  in  1818.  It  is  composed 
of  40  members,  elected  for  life,  alter  personal  application  and  the  submission  of  their  nomination  to 
the  head  of  the  State,  It  meets  twice  weeklv,  at  the  Palace  Mazarin,  23  Quai  Couti,  Paris,  and  is 
"the  highest  authority  on  everything  appertaining  to  the  niceties  of  the  French  language,  to  grammar, 
rhetoric,  and  poetry,and  the  nuhlication  of  the  French  classics."  The  chief  officer  is  the  secretary, 
who  hiisalife  tenure  of  his  position.  The  present  permanent  secretary  is  Marie  L.  A.  (4.  Boissier.who 
was  elected  an  Academician  in  1876.  A  chair  iu  the  Academy  is  the  highest  ambitigu  of  most  literary 
Frenchmen. 

The  other  academies  of  the  Institute  of  France  are  :  The  Academy  of  Inscriptions  and  Belles- 
Lett  res,  Willi  40  members  ;  Aeademvol'  SMeuces.  with  68  members  ;  Academy  of  Fme  Arts,  wnli  40 
memhers(as  follows  :  Painting.  14;  sc'dpture.S  ;  arcliitectun',8  ;  engraving. 4  ;  musical  eompositinn, 
6j,  and  Academy  of  Moral  and  Political  Science,  with  40  members.    All  members  are  elected  for  life. 


Tv  \nr-ii.  1904,  Andrew  Carnegie,  created  a  fund  of  §5,000,000  for  the  benefit  of  the  dependents 
of  those  losing  their  lives  in  h 'roic  eifort  to  save  their  fellow  men,  «r  for  the  heroes  them*lves  if  in- 
jured o  \\y.     Provision  was  also  made  for  medals  to  be  given  in  commemoration  of  h'-roic  acts. 

Tlieeilowment  known  as  ''TheH.M-o  Fund"  wasplaced  in  the  hands  of  a  commission  composed 
of  t  w"nty-one  person^,  resi  lents  of  Pittsburgh ,  Pa. ,  of  which  Charles  L.  Taylor  is  President,  and  F. 
M.  Wil -not,  Seiiretary,  and  .Manager  of  the  fund.         -    -> 

I.I  his  lett.^r  to  the  Hero  Fiuid  Commission  Mr.  Carnegie  outlined  the  general  scheme  of  the  fund 
thus:  "To  place  those  following  peacelul  vocations  who  have  been  injured  in  heroic  effort  to  save 
hU'nan  life,  in  somewhat  better  positions  pecuniarily  than  before,  until  able  to  work  again.  Incase 
oi' death,  the  widow  and  children  or  other  deiendents  are  to  be  provided  foruntil  she  r-^marries,  and 
tli3  cUil-iren  until  thev  reach  a  .self-supporting  age.  For  exceptional  children,  exceptional  grants 
rn  i.v  hi  made  for  exceptional  education.  Grants  of  sums  of  money  may  also  be  made  to  heroes  or 
heroines  as  the  commission  thinks  advisable— each  case  to  be  judged  on  its  merits." 

-  T!ie  find  applies  only  to  acts  performed  within  the  United  States  of  America,  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  the  Colony  of  Newfoundland,  and  the  waters  thereof, and  such  acts  must  have  been  per- 
form^ Ion  or  after  Anril  15,  1904. 

The  ( 'ommis.siou  has  awarded  eighty-seven  medals:  forty-seven  V)ronze,  tliirt.v-flvesilver,  and  five 
gold.  In  al  lition  to  the  Jnedal,  mon*^y  ha-;  been  given  for  disablement  !)enefitsand  special  purposes, 
and  for  thedL^pendents  of  heroes  who  lost  (heir  lives,  amounting  to  853, 7-50.  'I'lie  Commission  has 
also  warded  .'864,462  for  relief  of  sutlerers  from  disasters:  at  Brockton,  Ma.s.s.  ,iJ10,000,  and  from  the 
(Jalifornia  earthquake,  $54,462. 

(^anirgir  ililjratirs- 

Andbew  Carnegie  hasgiyeu  nearly  1,700  library  buildings  ia  the  Uaited  States  and  abroad. 


532  The  Library  of  Congress. 


srtje  JLfljrar^  of  eonfit*^iss. 

The  liibrary  of  Cougrosfj  was  established  i  u  ISUO,  de^troyfed  in  1S14  by  the  hurninsr  of  the  Capitol, 
afterward  replenished  by  the  purcliase  by  Congress  of  the  library  of  ex- President  .letlerson,  6,760 
volumes  (cost,  $33,950);  in  18dl,  o5, 000  voluiiies  destroyed  by  fire;  in  lb52,  partially  replenished  by 
an  appropriation  of  ij>75,0i!0;  increased  (1>  by  regular  appropriations  by  Congress;  ('2)  by  deposits 
under  the  copyright  law;  (3)  by  gifts  and  excUunges;  (4)  l)y  the  exchanges  of  the  ^Smithsonian  fnsti- 
tution,  the  library  of  which  liO,OiOO  Yoliunes)  was,  in  1866,  deposited  in  the  Library  of  Congress  with 
the  stipulation  that  future  accessions  should  follow  it.  bijctysets  of  Government  pul)lications  areata 
thedisposal  of  the  Librarian  qf  Congress  forexchange,  through  the  Smithsonian,  with  foroigngovern- 
meuts,  and  this  number  m;iy  be  increased  uptyiOU.  Other  special  accessions  have  been :  'J'he  Peter 
Force  collection  ('22,520  volumes,  3<,000  panjphlels),  purchased  1867,  cost  $100, OiX);  theCmint  do 
Kochambeau  collection  (manuscript),  purchased  Irtbo.  cost  $20,000;  the  Toner  collection  (24  484 
volumes  (luimerous  pamphlets;  ;gift  In  iy82  of  Dr.  Joseph  M. Toner,  the  Hubbard  collection  (engrav- 
ings);  gift  in  189ti  of  i^frs.  Gardiner  <i.  Hubbard. 

The  culh'crion  is  now  the  largest  in  the  Western  Hemisphere,  and  third  in  the  world.  It  compri«<ed 
at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  (June  oO,  HK)?)  about  X, 433,848  printetl  books  and  pamphlets  (incliiding 
the  hiw  library  of  which,  while  a  division  of  the  Library  of  t'ungress,  still  lemains  at  the  Capitol », 
jnanuscripts,  maps  and  charts,  pieces  of  nuisic,  and  photographs,  prints,  engravings,  and  lithographs. 
Of  tiie  printed  books,  probably  one-sixth  are  duplicates  not  in  use. 

TbecoUection  is  rich  in  history,  political  science,  in  othcial  documents.  National,  State,  and 
foreign, and  in  Ainencana.including  important  files  of  Americau  nowspapersand  original  manuscripts 
.(colonial,  reyohUiouary,  and  formative  periods).  l^Iany  of  the  rare  books  and  manuscripts  belonging 
to  the  Library  are  exh.il>ited  in  show  cases  on  the  second  floor.  ~  , 

TheSinitbsoiii^in  deposit  is  strong  in  scientiiic  works,  and  includes  the  largest  assemblage  of  the 
transactions  of  learned  societies  which  exists  in  this  country. 

fnl897  the  n^aiii  collection  wfis  remov(;(l  from  the  Capitol  to  the  building  erected  for  it  und;tr  the 
acts  of  Congress  approved  April  15. 1886,  October '2,  1888,  and  March. 2,  1889,  at  ac(tsi  of  !B6,347,0C)n 
(limit  bv  la.v,  86,500,  OOQ),  exclusive  of  the  laml,  wlm:l»  cost  $5S5,UO0.  Tiie  architects  who  funiisiied 
theorigiiial  designs  were  Jolm  J-i.  iSmithmeyer  and  Paul  J.  Peiz.  By  theact  of  (Jlctober2,  1888,  be- 
fore the  foundations  were  laid,  Thomas  h.  Casey,  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  Army,  vvas  placed  in 
charge  of  the  constructiou  of  the  building,  and  tiiearchiteptural  details  were  worked  out  by  Paul  J. 
Pelzaud  Edward  P.  Cascv,  Upon  the  death  of  General  C:^sey,  jn  ISfcvrch,  1896.  tlio  entire  charge  of 
the  construction  devolved  upon  P.ernard  U.  Green,  General  Casey'H  assistant,  anil  under  his  superin- 
tendence the  building  wjih  completed  in  Februarj',  1897,  opened  to  the  public  November,  1897.'  Tlie 
buildingoccnpies  three  and  three-q\iarter  acres  upon  a  site  ten  acres  in  extent  at  a  distance  of  1,270 
feet  east  of  the  Capitol,  aud  is  the  largest  and  most  niagHlflptMit  Hbrary  building  in  the  world.  In  the 
decorations  some  tortv  oaiuters  and  fjculptors  are  represented— ^11  ATneripan  citizens.  The  floorspace 
is  326,195  square  feet,  oV  nearly  8  acres.  The  hook  stacks  co.utatp  ^-bout  5.Q  miles  of  shelving,  altording 
space  for  2,600,000  octavo  VQlijpie;?. 

The  r.ibrary  is  maintained  by  annual  appropriations  by  Congress  for  various  purposes,  mcludmg 
the  nurchase  of  books. 

Plans  have  been  submitted  to  Congress  for  covering  in  one  of  the  interior  courts  to  provide  for 
needed  increase  of  book  space 

Lihrani  6V)T/^e.— Library  proper,  236  employes;  Copyright,  69;  distribution  of  cards,  12- law 
indexing.  8;  disbursement  and  care  of  building  and  grounds.  127.  Total,  452.  By  virtue  of  the 
act  of  1897,  employes  in  the  Library  proper  are  appointed  by  the  Librarian  of  Congress  "solely  with 
reference  to  their  fitness  for  their  particular  duties.  " 

Cnpijririht  Ofiyc.  —The  Copvright  Olfice  is  a  distinct  division  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  and  is  lo- 

■     ""  ^       .  ^.^    It  is  under  the  immediate  charge  of  the  llegister 

'under  the  direction  andsuoervision 


cated  on  the  ground  floor,  south  .side ;  open  9  to  4. 30.  It  is  under 

of  Copyrights.who.bv  theact  of  Februarv  19, 1897,is  authorized 

of  the  Librarian  of  Congress, ' '  to  perform  all  the  duties  relating  to  copyrights.    Copyright  registration 

was  transferred  to  the  Librarian  of  (Congress  by  the  act  of  July  8,  18 .0.     Of  most  articles  copyrighted 

two  copies,  and  of  someone  copv,  must  be  deposited  in  the  Library  of  Congress  to  perfect  copyright. 

Entitled  bv  statute  to  draw  books  for  home  use  are  the  following:  The  President,  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Senators,  Representatives,  and  Delegates  in  Congress  (no  books  maybe  given  out  upon  the 
orders  of  me;nbers  in  favor  of  those  who  are  not  members);  Heads  of  Oepartments;  the  Justices, 
Reporter,  and  Cleric  of  tbeSuprenie  Court;  the  .fudges  and  Clgrkof  the  Court  of  Claims;  Judgesof  the 
Court  of  Appeals  of  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Judges  of  tlieSupremeCourt  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia; representatives  at  Washington  of  foreign  governments;  the  Solicitor-General  and  Assistant 
Attorney-C^neral;  the  Secretarv  of  the  Senate;  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  the 
Splicitor  of  the  Treasury,  ex- Presidents  of  the  United  States -^  the  Chaplains  of  the  two  Houses  of 
Congress;  the  Secretarvand  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution;  the  members  and  Secretary 
of  the  rnterstate(Jommerce  Commission,  and  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  Army. 

lu/er-LV/mry  iorm,;;.— While  not  a  lending  Librarv,  but  a  reference  Library,  primarily  and 
essentially,  the  Librarv  of  Congress  maintains  an  inter-library  loan.Si»etem  by  which  special  service 
is  rendered  to  scholarship  bv  the  lending  of  books  to  other  libraries  for  the  use  of  investigators, 
engaged  in  serious  research,  which  it  is  not  within  the  power  or  duty  of  the  Library  m  question 
to  S'lpplv,  and  which  at  the  tinie,  are  not  needed  in  Washington.  ,  ,  .    ,. , 

//'>U)-.<t.-The  Library  building  is  open  to  the  public  all  days  in  tl^e  ypar  excepting  legal  holidays. 
The  hours  are  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.  week  daj'S,  and  from  2  P.  m.  to  10  p.  m.  Sundays. 

The  Main  Reading  Room,  and  Periodicjvl  Reading  Room  are  open  to  the  public  from 9  a.m.  to 
10  p.  M.  week  davs    and  from  2  p. M   to  10  p.  sr.  Sundays.  .         ,.      . 

The  Librarian's  Office  and  thcDepartment  of  fiibliography  are  oper^  fpr  the  transaction  of  business 
ffom  Q  A.  M.  to  4. 30  p.  y.  week  davs,  and  from  2  p.  m.  to  6  p.jr.  Sundoys. 

The  other  .administrative  divisions  of  the  Library,  including  the  Copyright  Ofhce,  are  open  for  the 
transi^ctjon  Qf  business  from  9  A.M.  to  4. 30  p.m.  alldayg  in  the  year,  excepting  legal  holidays  and 

^^Lnl-arinnf!  fSincf  the  Tncenfion  of  the  i(ft?v«-v.— 1800-1814.  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
(for  the  time  being);  1815-1829,  George  Watterston;  1829-1861,  John  8.  Meehan  :  1861-18<)4.  John 
G.Stephenson;  1864-1897 (June  30),  ^inswor^h  R,  SpqiTord;  1897-January  17,  1899,  John  Russell 
Young;  1899  (April  5),  Herbert  Putnan^.  ^,  .  ,   .     .  .      i.  -r -v. 

Genial  Ad<iunistration.—Libra,T\siu  of  Congress,  Herbert  Putnam;  Chief  Assistant  Librarian, 
A.  B.Spoffbrd. 


Smiplijied  Spelling, 


533 


cn)rl[IfctiJ  %.  HolJtl  %^K{}tn. 


TirESwclish  scientist.  Alfred  R.Nol)eIitiiP  iuYetitor  of  dviianiitp,  Hirrl  in  IHOO,  lipqnp.Mfliliii;  liis 
f  ortuMc,  estimated  at  *9,0(»0. (KM »,  tn  the  foumliiiir  ot'a  fnn<1,  tlioihti-rpsior  whicli  slioiiltl  yoiiily  liedi?!- 
trihuted  t(»  tliose  who  liad  mostly  c-ontribiited  to  'Mhe  pnod  oniumainty."  'I'lie  iiilorpst  isdlvMcd  in 
live  equal  shares,  siveii  awav,  ' 'One  to  tlie  person  wlio  in  the  domain  of  nhysiPs  has  nusde  the  most 
iiiioortaiit  discovery  or  inveiition.  one  to  thei>ersoii  who  has  made tiio  most  impr.rtant  <'lieinieal  diK- 
rovcrvor  invention,  oneto  the  nerson  who  luis  madt'  the  htost  important  dis<overy  in  tlie  domain  of 
me(iicine  or  |)liysiolot<y,  one  to  the  person  who  in  literature  has  provided  the  itlo^t  excelleni  work  of 
an  idealistic  teiideucy,  and  one  to  the  person  who  has  worked  most  Or  best  for  the  fratprnizalion  of 
nations,  and  the  aJaoli'tiou  or  reduction  of  standing  armies^  iiiid  the  cd-llihgiu  autl  tjropagtUiug  Of  •)t:'ace 
coil  cresses. ' ' 

'I'he  prizes  for  physics  and  chemistry  are  awarded  by  the  Swedish  Academy  of  Scifnre,  that  for 
I ihvsiological  or  medical  work  by  the  Caroline  Institute  (the  faculty  of  medicine  in  f^tocbliolm).  that 
forliterature  by  the  Swedish  Academy  in  Stockholm,  and  the  peace  prize  is  awaided  by  il  eonmiltiee 
of  five  persons,  elected  by  the  Norwegian  Storthing. 

In  accordance  with  these  statutes  the  awarders  of  tfie  prizes  (the  four  nboVe  named  1  slitntions) 
elect  fifteen  deputies  for  two  consecutive  vears.  the  Academy  of  Science  electing-  six,  and  the  other 
prize  awarders  three  each.  These  deptities  elect  for  two  consecutive  years  four  mcndters  (if  the  J^card 
of  Directors  of  the  Nobel  Institute,  which  Board, exclusively  consistiiig  of  SwedPs.  must  reside m  Stock- 
holm. Afiithmember,  the  President  of  the  Board,  is  noniinated  by  the  (lovernment.  Th'>  Bojnv]  of 
Directors  basin  itscare  the  funds  of  the  institution,  and  handsyearlyover  to  the  awardei-f-of  the  prlztis 
the  amount  to  be  eiveu  away.  The  value  of  each  vnizeis  on  an  average  $40,000.  Tlie  di.^trbuiion  of 
the  prizes  takes  placeevery  year  on  December  10.  ilie  anniveri=;ary  of  Mr.  Nobels  death.  I  liilinfor- 
matiou  can  be  obtained  from  "  Nobelstiftelsens  Styrelse"  (The  Board  of  Directors  of  th«  Nobel 
Institute),  Stockholm,  Sweden.  ^.  

The  awards  made  until  now  have  been:  Physics,  1901,  W.  C.  Rontgen,  German:  1002,  ii.  A. 
Lorentzaud  P.  Zeeman.  Hollanders;  190;^,  H.  A.  Becquerel,  P.  Curie,  and  Mane  (.'nrie.j.il  I'lench; 

1904,  Lord  Ravleigh,  English;  1905,  Prof.  Philipp  Leonard,  of  Kiel  University,  C^Prmaii;  19«i(i.  Prof. 
J.  J.  Thomson,  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  English;  1907,  Prof.  Albert  A  JMichelson,  of  the 
XJniven^tv  of  Chicago,  American 

Chemi'strv:  1901,  J.  H.  van  Hoff,  Professor  of  the  Berlin  University,Hollander;  1902. R  Fischer, 
German;  1903,  S.  A.  Arrhenius,  Swede.  1904,  Sir  William  Bamsay,  English;  1905.  Ad  Ijih  von 
Boeyer,  German;  1906.  Prof.  Henri  Moi-ssan,  French;  1907,  Prof.  Edouard  Buchner;  oi  tlie  Berlin 
Uuivei-sitv, German;  Sir  William  Crookes,  English. 

Medicine:  1901,  E.  A.  von  Behring,  German;  1902,  E.  Ross.  English:  1903,  N.  R.  Fmsen, 
Dane;  1904.  PavlofT,  Ru.ssian;  1905,  Prof.  Robert  Koch,  German;  1906,  Prof.  Ramon  y  Gaja!, 
Spanish;  Professor  Golgi,  French;  1907,  Dr.  Laveran,  of  Paris,  French. 

Literature:  1901,  R.  F.  A.  Sullv- Prudhomme,  French;  1902,  Th.  Mommsen,  German;  1903, 
Biornstierne  Bjornsou,  Norwesrian;  1904,   Frederic  J*Iistral,  French,  and  .lose  Echagray,  Spaniard; 

1905.  HenrvSteiikiewicz,  Pole;  1906.  Professor  Carducci.  Italian;  1907,  Rudyard  Kiplin=j,  ]i;ng!i.sli. 
Peace:  1901,  Henri  Dunant,  Swiss,and  Pr.  Passv, French  ;  1902.E.Ducommun  and  A.  Gobat.both 

Swiss;  1903,  \V.  R.  Cremer,  English;  1904,  The  institution  of  International  Law,  the  first  award  to 
an  institution;  1905.  Barone.ss  von  Snttner,  Austrian;  1906.  President  Theodore  Roosevelt,  American, 
1907,  Ernesto  Teodoro  Moneta,  Italiaii,  and  Louis  Renault,  French. 

ADOPTED    BY    COLU»!BiA    UNIVERSITY. 

Ox  December  l4,  1906  President  Roosevelt  withdrew  his  order  to  the  Public  Printer  to  u.se  the 
new  spelling  of  the  300  words  (which  appeared  in  The  Wobi.d  Almanac  for  1907)  in  govermnent 
publications,  the  committees  on  printilig  of  Congress  not  approvimi  of  the  same.  The  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Columbia  University,  however,  on  November  13,  1907,  officially  adopted  the  following 
180  reformed  words  to  be  usied  in  all  Univer.sity  printing. 


Abridgment 

Acknowledg- 
ment 

Adz 

Anapest 

Antipyrin 

Antitoxin 

Arbor 

Ardor 

Armor 

Assize 

Ax 

Hark 

(not  barque) 

Behavior 

Brazf^n 

lJra:'-ier 

Pun 

Bur 

Caliber 

Caliper 

Candor 

Catechize 

Center 

Check 

Checker 

Cliimei-a 

Civilize 

Clamor 

Clangor 

Clue 


I  Coeval 
Color 
Colter 
Controllter 
Coquet 
Criticize 
Cue 
Cutlas 
Cyclopedia 
Dactyl 
Deft^nse 
Demeanor 
Deposit 
Develop 
Dieresis 
Dike 
Distil 
Dolor    , 
Draft 
l:)rana 
Dulness 
Ecumenical 
Edile 
Enamor 
Encj'clopedia 
Endeavor 
Envelop 
l^on 

Epaulet 
Eponym 
Era 


Esophagus 

Esthetic 

Esthetics 

Bstivate 

Ether 

Etiology 

Fagot    • 

Fanta-sy 

Favor 

Favorite 

Fel-vor 

Fiber 

Flavor 

Fulfil 

Fulness 

GagB 

Gazel 

Gelatm 

Gild 

(not  guild) 
Gipsy 
Gloze 
Glycerin 
Good-by 
Gi-am 
Harbor 
Iiarken 
Hematin 
Hiccup 
Hoclc 

(not  hough) 


Homeopathy 

Homonym 

Honor 

Humor 

Hypotenuse 

Idolize 

instil 

Jail 

Judgment 

Labor 

Legalize 

License 

l^icpiice 

Liter 

Lodgment 

Luster 

Mama 

Maneuver 

Materialize 

Meager 

Medieval 

Meter 

Miter 

Mold 

Molder 

Molding 

Moldy 

Molt 

Naturalize 

Neighbor 

Niter 


Ocher 

Offense 

Omelet 

Orthopedic 

Paleography 

I'aleolithic 

Paleontology 

Paleozoic 

Paraffin 

Partizan 

Patronize 

I'edobaptist 

Phenix 

I'henomenon 

Plow 

Polyp 

I'ractise 

v.  and  n. 
Prenomen 
f  reten.se 
Preterit 
I*reterm5t 
Primeval 
Program 
Quartet 
Questor 
Quintet 
Rancor 
Raze 

Recognize 
Reconnoiter 


Rime 

:-^aber 

Saltpeter 

Savior 

Savor 

Scepter 

Septet 

Stpulcher 

Sextet 

Simiter 

SkilfiU 

Srnoliler 

Somber 

Specter 

Succor 

Sumac 

Syuonyln 

Tabor 

Teazel 

Tenor 

Theater 

Tumor 

Valor 

vapor 

Vigor 

Vizor 

Wa  g-on 

Whisky 

Wilful 

Woolen 


534  Orgcmizatlons  for  the  I^l'omotlon  of  Education. 

#rfjam'>ations  for  i\)t  J^vomotiou  of  32trucation. 

CHAUTAUQUA    INSTITUTION. 

C^iau'-f'ii'oj-— Joliu  H.  Viuceiit.  >'/es/(/t'/i/— George  E.  Vincent.  J^ifsidfiit  of  Tnmfee.i—W.  H.  Hick- 
man. Seo-etafy—ira,  M.  Miller.  Tifusurer—WixrvenF.  Walwortli.  (Ii<(iiinaii  Kierutive Bocud—^.  {2. 
Iseville.     General  Bireclor—^^von  Hv.twu.     Located  iit  C'hautaugiia,  N.   V. 

The  ChtnUitiiqua  A<'«'ii'J'/i/^  iu>w  (.'/>(iuf(tu(jita  In^dlnlKiii,  was  ort^atiized  in  1874  as  a  result  of  the 
joint  plan  of  Lewis  Miller  uuil  Joiiii  li.  Vincent.  Jt  Jiolds  aniuial  .sessions  diiriiii?  J  uly  afiU  Antcnst  at 
Cliautauqua,  N.  V,  Tiie  plan  incluiies  Snniiner  school  courses  of  instruction  in  lan«jua,'<e,  literaiinv, 
science,  and  art,  open  lectures^  concerts,  and  recitals,  and  various  forms  o I  platlorin  eutertainnieiit 
and  out-of-door  recreation.  Local  assemniies  patterned  after  the  mother  Chautauqua  convene  in 
dillerent  places  throiigh()Ut  the  United  Slates  and  number  over  two  huridred. 

2'ke  CliHiilnaiiHd  Li/entri/  ttiid Scientific  ttrc^*' ( I'^^ate  F.  Kimball. Chautauqua,  X.  Y..Kxecntive  Secre- 
tary) wa.s  organized  at  Chautauqua  in  1878,  with  the  aim  of  contininnq^  the  influence  of  the  Assembly 
tliroughoutthe  year  in  all  parts  of  the  countri'.  Since  that  time  more  than  two  hundred  and  sixty 
thousand  members  have  been  enrolled.  The  Circle  aims  to  promote  the  habit  of  reiulinjj  and  study  in 
bi.stor}',  literature,  science,  and  ait,  in  connection  with  the  routine    of  daily  life.     Kach   year  four 


k  Ciiapin  Bray, 
are:   A  definite 


books  are  specially  published  for  the  course.  The  Chaiuauqiian  Magazine  (Fran] 
EdittH)aud  the  menibersliip  booic  with  review  outlines.  The  essentials  of  the  plan 
coui-se  cover! iiij  fo.ir  years,  each  year  complete  in  it.self;  specified  volumes- approved  by  the  counsel- 
lors, allotment  of  lime  by  the  week  and  month,  a  monthly  magazine  with  additionar  readings  and 
notes,  review  outlines,  and  other  aiJs.  Individual  i-eadei'S  may  pursue  the  course  alone,  or  local 
circles  maybe  formed  by  three  or  lour  members.  The  time  required  is  about  one  hour  daily  for 
uiue  mouths.  Certificates  are  granted  to  those  who  complete  the  course.  Seals  are  allixed  to  the 
certificates  granted  for  coll.iteral  and  advanced  reading.  Anyone  may  become  a  member  of  the 
C.  K  S.  C.  by  .seiuling  an  apulication,  together  with-^.")  for  the  unit  (four  books,  membership  book, 
and  magazine  for  one  year),  to  Ciiautauqua  Institution,  Chautauqua,  N.  Y. 

THE  PEABODY  EDUCATION  FUND. 

In  1867  and  1869  George  Peabody  established  a  fund  of  $8,500,000,  to  be  devoted  to  education  in 
the  Southern  States  of  the  Union.  Of  this  amount  SI, 380, COO  being  in  Mississippi  and  Florida  bonds 
was  not  available,  those  of  Mississippi,  having  been  repudiated  and  those  of  Morida  is.sned  while  it 
was  a  Territory,  never  having  been  recognized  a.s  legal  by  its  aiithoiities.  The  fund  was  placed  in 
tiie  charge  and  control  of  tiiieen  trustees,  of  whom  :sir.  Robert  C.  VVinthrop,  of  Massachusetts,  wa.s 
the  chairman.  Mr.  Peabody  died  in  IjoihIou  in  1869.  The  trustees  hold  meetings  annually,  usually 
in  Xew  Vo;k.  They  fill  vacancies  ciused  by  death  or  resignation.  The  present  trustees  are:  <'liief 
JustiCv^  Fuller,  President  of  the  Koanl;  .iosepli  H.  Choate,  First  Vice-President ;  D.  C.  Cilnian,  Secoml 
Vice-l'residenl;  J)r.  Samuel  A.  (iieen.  Secretary;  J.  Pierpont  iSlorgan,  ^f.  K.  Jesiip,  of  New 
York;  Pre^ident'llieodoie  Roosevelt,  <jf  Xew  Vork;  Samuel  A.  (ireen,  Kichard  Oliiey,  and  Kighf  I'.ev. 
William  Lawrence,  of  Massachusetts ;  William  A.  Courleiiay,  of  South  Carolina;  .iaines  I).  I'orler, 
of  reuuessee  ;  Henderson  M.  Sonie.ville,  of  Xew  York;  George  Peaboriy  Wetnune,  of  Hliode  Island; 
Charles  iO.  I'Vnner,  of  Ijouis-ana ;  Hoke  smith,  of  Georgia,  and  Right  iiev.  William  C.  Doaiie.  Prof. 
Wiolcl'ile  Rose  is  (ieneral  A'lentof  the  fund,  with  headquarters  at  Xo.  2  Rector  Street,  Xew  Yoili, 
and  lias  charsre  of  the  distribution  of  the  fund  in  the  several  Southern  States.  In  its  earlier  history 
the  chief  aim  of  the  fund  was  tQ  encourage  and  secure  ti;e  establishment  of  public  school  .systems  for 
the  free  education  of  all  children.  That  having  been  accomplished,  the  income  of  the  fund  is  now 
used  for  the  training  of  teachers  thi)U^li  N-)rma!  Scliools  and  Teachers'  Institutes.  In  the  year 
ending  October  1,  1906,  the  a  no  int  diuributed  was  $92,000.  Power  was  conferred  by  thedeed  of 
trust  on  the  trustees  to  distribute  the  fund  at  the  e.vpiiati'in  of  thirty  jeai^s,  which  period  ended  in 
1897.  In  .r;imiary,  1905,  the  trustees  decided,  by  a  vole  of  11  to  2,  to  dissolve  the  trust.  Itwasex- 
pected  to  take  several  years  to  wind  it  up.     The  corporation  will  then  cease  to  exist, 

THE    JOHN    F.    SLATER    FUND. 

In  1382  Mr.  John  F.  .Slater,  of  Connecticut,  placed  in  the  haiuls  of  trustees  the  sum  of  $1,000,000, 
for  the  purpose  of  "■  uplifting  the  laielj^  emancipated  population  of  the  Southern  States  and  their 
posterity. ' '  For  this  patriotic  and  niiinificent  gift  the  thanks  of  Congress  were  voted,  and  a  medal  was 
presented.  Xeiilier  principal  nor  income  is  expended  for  land  or  buildings.  Education  in  industries 
and  the  preparation  of  teachers  are  promoted  in  institiuions  believed  to  be  on  a  permanent  basis.  The 
board  coiisistsof  1).  c.  (jilman,  of  .Johns  Hopkins  University,  as  President ;  Chief  .lustice  Fuller,  as 
Vice-President ;  Mturis  Iv.  .Tesup,  as  Treasurer,  and  Bishops  Potter  and  GaUo^vay,  and  Messrs.  William 
A.  Slater,  John  A.  Stewart,  Alexander  K.  Orr,  Clevelat.d  K.  lH)dge,  liisliop  >:ilison  Cai)ers 
and  Seth  Low.  D  •.  Wallace  Biittrick,  2  Rector  Street,  .Xew  York,  js  the  (General  Agent 
of  the  innd.  The  fa  id  is  a  prttential  agency  in  working  out  the  problem  of  the  education  of 
the  negro,  and  (»\er  h  ilf  a  million  of  dollai-s'has  already  I )een  expended.  By  the  extraordinary 
fidelity  and  tinaneial  ability  of  the  treasurer,  the  fimd,  while  keeping  up  annual'  appropriations,  lias 
increased  to  SI, 500,000.  Schools  established  by  States,  denominations,  and  individuals  are  heli)ed 
by  annual  donations.  Amonglhe  most  prominent  are  the  Hampton  Xormal  and  Industrial,  tlie 
Spelman,  the  Tuskegee,  and  schools  at  Orangeburg,  S.  C. ;  Tougaloo,  Miss, ;  Marshall, Tex. ;  Raleigh, 
W.  C.  ;  New  Orleans,  etc.  

THE  GENERAL  EDUCATION  BOARD. 

The  General  Education  Board  was  organize<l  in  Xew  York  P>liruary  27,  1902,  and  incorporated 
byactof  Congress,  signed  January  12,  1903.  The  following  are  mem bei"s  of  the  Board:  Frederick 
T.  Gates,  Chairman:  George  Foster  Peabodv,  Treasurer;  Wallace  Buttrick,  Secretary;  Daniel  C. 
Oilman,  Morris  K.  Jesup.  Robert  C.  Ogden,"  Walter  H.  Page,  .1.  I).  Rockefeller,  Jr.,  Albert  Shaw, 
Starr  J.  Murphy,  Hugh  H.  Ilanna.  K,.  Benjamin  Andrews,  Edsvin  .A.  Alderman,  Hollis  B.  Frissell, 
Harry  Pratt  Jiidson.  'I'be  purposes  of  the  Board  are  to  promote  education  in  the  I'nited  States, 
withitut  distinction  of  race,  sex,  or  creed,  and  especially  to  promote,  .systematize,  andmakeettec- 
tive  various  forms  of  educational  benefieence. 

THE  SOUTHERN  EDUCATION  BOARD. 

The  Southern  Education  Roard  of  the  (.Jonlerence  lor  Kducation  in  the  South— the  outcome  of  tb9 
Capon  Sprinars  and  Winston-Salem  » 'onferences— has  liHen  organized  with  these  otiicers  and  members: 
Ckiiinimn,  Robert  C.  Ogdeu,  Xew  Vork;  Tiea>fitier,  <4t-orge  Foster  PeabcMly.  Xew  Vork:  Secretary 
and  Execnfliv  Sf'crefary.  Eilgar  Gardner  >rurphy,  Montgomery,  .Ala.;  Axsru^iate  Secretary,  G.  6.  Hick- 
erman,  New  Haven,  <'t.  •  Cainpainn  (\>niiiii/tee.  Kdwin  A."  .Alderman,  (^li<tir)iHi)i\  H.  B.  Frissell, 
Edgar  Gardner  Murphy,  D  F.  Huuston,  H.  K.  Fries.  P.  P.Claxton.  S.  J.  Bowie,  S.  C.  Mitchell. 
Theot)Ject  of  this  organization  is  to  awaken  and  inform  pii'>lic  opinion  and  se.cnre  additional  legisla- 
tion and  revenues  for  the  betterment  of  the  public  schools,  "  the  supreme  public  need,  of  our  lime." 


The  Dickens  FelloK^ahlp.  535 


K\)i  J£|aU  of  jFame* 


March  5.  1900.  the  romicil  of  New  York  University  accoptod  a  gift  of  $100,()00.  aflorward 
Increased  to  $250. 000,  from  a  dt)Uor.  whose  immo  was  withheld,  for  the  erection  and  (Hunplelion  ou 
University  Heights.  Xew  \'ork  City,  of  a  bnilding  to  be  called  ••  The  Hall  ot  Kainc  for  (Jreat  Anufr- 
icaus.  "  A  striictnre  was  accordingly  bnilt  in  tlie  form  of  a  semi-circle,  170  feet,  connecting  tlu' Uni- 
versity Ha.!!  of  Philosophy  with  the  Hall  of  Liingnages.  On  the  ground  floor  is  a  nuisenm  'iOO  feet 
long  by  40  feet  wide, consisting  of  a  corridor  and  six  halls  to  contain  mementoes  of  the  names  that 
are  inscribed  above.  The  colonnade  over  this  is  400  feet  long  with  provision  fur  150  panels,  each 
about  2  feet  by  6  feet,  each  to  bear  the  name  of  a  famous  American. 

O.ily  persons  who  shall  have  l)een  dead  ten  or  more  years  are  eligible  to  be  chosen.  Filteen  classes 
of  citizens  were  recommended  for  consideration,  to  wit:  Authors  and  editors,  business  m<'n,"educa  ors, 
inventors,  miss'onaries  and  explorers,  philanthropists  and  reformers,  iireachers  and  theolog  ans, 
scientists,  engineers  and  architects,  lawyers  and  judges,  musicians,  painters  and  sculptors,  nhy- 
siciansand  surgeons,  rulers  and  statesmen,  soldiers  and  sailors,  distinguished  men  and  women  oin-ide 
the  above  classes.  Fifty  names  were  to  be  inscribed  on  the  tablets  at  the  beginning.and  five  additional 
n.imes  every  fifth  j-^ear  thereafter,  until  the  year  2000,  when  the  150  inscriptions  will  be  completed, 
lu  case  of  failure  to  fill  all  the  panels  allotted,  the  vacancies  are  to  be  tilled  in  a  following  year. 

In  February.  1904,  the  plan  was  announced  of  an  additional  structure  in  the  form  of  a  loggia  join- 
ing the  colouniide  on  the  north,  having  30  panels  for  foreign  l)orn  Americans,  six  to  be  filled  in  1905, 
and  beyond  tliisof  a  Hall  of  Famef(jr  Women,  about  30  by  60  feet,  with  a  mnseum  on  the  ground 
floor  and  a  main  story  above  of  28  colujnus  supporting  a  pediniented  roof,  with  places  for  60  tablets, 
10  to  be  filled  in  1905. 

The  rules  prescribed  that  the  Council  should  invite  nominations  from  the  public.  F.very  nomina- 
tion seconded  l)y  a  member  of  the  Universitj'  Senate  should  be  submitted  to  au  electorate  of  one 
hundred  eminent  citizens  selected  by  the  (Council. 

la  October,  19t)0,  the  University  Senate  received  the  ballots  of  the  electors.  Of  the  oiie  hundred 
judges  selected  ninetj'-seven  voted.  The  number  of  names  which  had  been  submitted  to  them  was 
252.  Of  these  each  judge  returned  a  vote  for  fifty.  The  rule  required  that  no  candidate  receiving 
less  than  fifty-one  votes  could  be  accepted.  The  returns  showed  that  but  twenty-nine  caiidiilates  re- 
ceived the  required  number  and  were  chosen.  These  were  as  follows:  George  Washington,  .Aluaham 
Lincoln,  IJaniel  Webster,  Benjamin  Franklin.  Ul.vsses  S.  Grant,  .Tohn  Marshall,  Thomas  .lelTersou, 
Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  Henry  W.  Longfellow,  Robert  Fulton,  Washington  Irving,  .lonathan  l"d- 
wards,  Samuel  1<\  B.  Morse,  David  G.  Farragut.  Heurj'  Clay,  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  George  I'e.i- 
body,  Robert  F].  liCe,  Peter  Cooper,  Eli  Whitnej\  John  J.  Audubon,  Horace  Mann.  Heiuy  Ward 
Beecher,  .Tames  Kent,  Joseph  Story,  John  Adams,  William  E.  Channing,  (iilbert  Stuart.  .Asa  c;ray. 

In  October,  1905,  under  the  rules  named  above,  the  Senate  received  the  ballots  of  95  I-'lectors  cut 
of  101  appointed,  of  whom  only  85  undertook  to  consider  the  names  of  women.  A  majority  of  51 
was  demanded,  but  in  the  case  of  the  names  of  women,  a  majority  of  only  47.  The  following  per- 
^Kons  were  found  to  be  duly  chosen:  .lohu  Quinc.v  Adams,  59;  James  Russell  Lowell,  58;  William 
Tecumseh  Sherman,  58;  James  INIadisou.  5(i;  John  Greeuleaf  Whittier,53:  .Mexander  Hamilton, 
88;  Louis  Agassi  z,  83:  .fohu  Paul  .fones.  54;  >[ary  Lyon.  58;  Emma  Willard,  50;  Maria  Mitchel',  48. 

Among  the  names  which  received  less  than  a  majority'  vote  in  the  1905  election  were  those  of 
Oliver  Wemlell  Holmes  48,  Phillips  Brooks  48,  Bryant  Parkman  an<l  Motley  46  each:  Poe  and 
Cooper  43  each;  Bancroft  and  Greeley  39  each;  Nathanael  Green  and  Mark  Hopkins  38  each  ;  .losei)h 
Henry  32:  Rnfus  Choate31. 

The  Hall  was  dedicated  May  30,  1901.  when  twenty-five  or  more  national  associations  each  un- 
veiled one  of  the  bronze  tablets  in  the  colonnade,  and  ou  May  30,1900,  the  eleven  new  tablets  were 
unveiled,  orations  being  given  by  the  Governors  of  New  York  and  Massachusetts. 


TfTE  Dickens  Fellowship  is  a  worldwide  league  of  English-speaking  men  and  women  whose 
purpose  is  to  exemplify  the  teachings  of  Charles  Dickens  and  to  cultivate  and  diflfuse  the  .spirit  which 
pervades  his  writings -the  spirit  of  innocent  festivity  and  mirth,  of  religion  without  bigotry,  of  charity 
withoutcoldness. of  universal  philanthropy  and  human  kinship.  The  society  began  its  existence  in 
London  in  October,  1902,  and  wasdesigned  by  its  founders  not  only  topromote  intellectual  sociality 
but  to  serve  as  an  agency  for  the  performatjce  of  good  works.  The  object  and  aims  of  the  Fel- 
lowship are: 

■'  lo  knit  together  in  a  common  bond  of  friendship  lovers  of  that  great  master  of  hmnor  and 
pathos  Charles  Dickens.  To  spread  the  love  of  humanity, -which  is  the  keynote  of  all  his  work.  To 
talces'  ch  measures  as  may  be  expedient  to  remedy  or  ameliorate  those  existing  social  evils  whicli 
would  have  appealed  so  strongly  to  the  heart  of  Charles  Dickens,  and  to  help  in  every  possible  dirt  c- 
tion  the  cause  of  the  poor  and  the  oppressed.  To  assist  in  the  preservation  and  purchase  of  buildings 
and  objects  associated  with  his  name  and  mentioned  inliis  works.  " 

The  Fello  vship  is  open  to  all,  without  restriction  as  to  class,  creed  or  nationality.  On  the  list  of 
Vice- Presidents  of  the  societv  are  t'le  following:  SirFrancisC.  P.urnand.  Sir  Arthur  Conaii  Itoylc,  the 
i;ev.  Canon  Benhain,  Ladv  Floren-e  Dixie,  Hall  Caine,  Sir  L.  Alma-Tadema,  J,  (■omynsCarr,T  P. 
O'Connor.  M.  P.;  Miss  Georgiana  Hogarth,  J.  M.  Barrie,  Harry  Furniss,  W.  S.  Gilbertaiid  Algernon 
Charles  Swinburne.  Branches  of  t'le  Fellowship  have  been  formed  not  only  thTOughout  (i  real  Britain 
but  on  the  Continent,  in  iheUnir 'd  States  and  Canada,  India,  Ceylon,  the  Transvaal,  Cape  Town. 
Gold  Coast  of  .\frica.  Australia,  Egypt  and  the  Persian  Gulf. 

The  offlcers  of  the  JNIanhatt^ni  (New  York)  branch  are:  PresirfeH/— (!harles  H.  Govan.  Vire- 
J^residenfs—llou.  H.  A.  Metz,  Benjamin  Franklin,  H.  M.  Leipzigcr.  Ph.  D.,  Mrs.  T.  E.  Louersran, 
W.  V.  Hirsch.  Miss  Jessie  Stanlcv  Mook,  W.  A.  Boyd.  Mrs.  E.  B.  Webber,  John  J.  O"  Borke,  Mrs. 
Marion  A.  Carv,  Miss  Helen  Abendroth,  ftfrs.  Isabella  Keves.  iSrc.frlar>j~\.  INLierz.  Treasurer— 2\. 
E.  Squire.  Exerntive  Oouncil—i.  Woolsey  Shepard,  Chairman,  INlrs.  T.  E.  Lonergan,  W.  V.  Hirsch, 
INfrs.  L.  G.  Wilder,  F.  A.  Lvous,  M.  f).,  John  J.  O' Rorke,  W.  L.  Grosvenor,  Charles  Ross  Keen. 
IMembershlp  fees  are  $1  initiation  and  $2  per  annum  annual  dues.  Secretary's  office— 71  Broadway, 
New  York.  Dickens  entertainments  are  a  feature.  Meetings  are  held  on  or  about  the  7th  of  ever> 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  and  each  meeting  is  preceded  by  u  dinner,  which  is  served  at 
6. 30  to  7  P.  M.,  and  ends  at  8.  lo. 


536 


School  and  CoUef/e  J5Jnrolment  in  1906-1906. 

Kit  Qtimmmx  <^ci)ooTs  of  tijr  WiwiUti  ^^tatrs. 


States  ANt> 

Territories, 

1905-1906. 


N'.  Atlantic  piv. 

IVtaine 

N.  Hami5,shire. 

VerniQut 

Massachusetts , 
Rhode  Island. 
Connecticut... 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvaqja . . 

S.  Atlantic  Div. 

Delaware 

Maryland.. ..... 

Bis. of  Columbia 

Virginia  

West  Virginia.. 
North  Carolina 
South  Carolina. 

Georgia 

Florida 

a  Central  Dlv. 

Kentucky 

Tpnnes,see...... 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Arkansas....,., 

Oklahoma  , 

Indian  Terrify 


Pupils 
Eurolled. 


Per  Cent. 
of  Popula- 
tion 
Enrolled. 


130,457 
(>1.4i3 
64,6Sl 

508,816 
71,42.5 

i7;i,&7a 

l,3;i5.554 
;5Hii,40,9 


36,895 
227.614 

51,230 
Sfll,773 
255,160 
474,111 
318,075 
499,103 
130,465 


501,482 
508,316 
400,000 
403,647 
210.116 
756,019 
$45,146 
lol,473 
48,078 


18.26 
14.89 
11 46 

u.-,% 

lo.  19 
17.  3U 

1^.23 
17.  |t 
17.74 


19.98 
17.85 
16.91 
18.  53 
£3.  70 
23.34 
21.81 
21.08 
2U.93 


22.48 
23.39 
2(1. 14 
24.  77 
is.  89 
21.88 
24.28 
25.68 
9.(35 


D.iiiy  .^t- 
teufiance. 


No.  of 

Te.Acli- 


Statks   axd 

TKRlilToulliS, 

1304-1905. 


97.580 
4i),79a 

415,508 

133,778 

1,018,?52 

2^,04a 


35,300 
142,993 

40,596 
315,205 
173,133 
a«(»,288 
218,862 
811,489 

88,825 


3C3,836 
351,622 
210,000 
233,176 
1-46.234 
501,734 
214,281 
95,018 
28,487 


rjN  Cetttral  piv. 

6,65a  Ohio 

2,«i3a!in(ii4ma 

a,5(i4;iuinois 

\4,i6^  ilichigf^n... 

2.047, iW'isconsU) 

4,^29  Miiiuesot^ 

40  ,S27  I  o  wa ,,,,.. 

9,157  iMifisouri.., 

38,231  iNortU  Dakota.. 
.•Sontli  D^ljata. . . 

xsehr^aka 

Kansas... 


897 
0,244 
1,478 
9,072 
7,830 
9,687 
6,044 
l(i,.36() 
3,289 


iq,449 
9,189, 
5,400' 
8,922 
4,680 

^7,116 
7,581 
3,958 
1.325 


Westerw  Piv." 

Montana 

Wyowiug 

ColQvado...,..,. 
New  ]NIexico... 

Aii3ovifi ,., 

L' t(ih  ••••«•,...., 
Nevada..,,,..,. 

Idaho. ,,,, 

Washingtoq 

Oregon..., ...,,, 
CalUornta 

N.Atlantic  Div 
iS.  Atlantic  Div. 
i.S.  Central  Div.. 
N.  Central  Div.  .1 
Western  Div. . . 

United  States! 


Pupils 
EijiroUert. 


832,0§3 
Ml, 561 
ti*)7,0ii6 
521,463 
4*W,(»o4 

431,0i:»U 

549,449 
7^5,U63 
113,ci78 
110,094 
279.532 
*8i,595 


48,744 

18,77} 

144,W7 

39,377 

77,947 
8,648 

62.726 
179,994 
108,036 
32:3,014 


3,947,774 
2,364,425 

8,324,277 
6,981,007 
1,034,487 

16,641,970 


Per   S'eiit. 
of  Popula- 
tion 
Euvt.l.lt.l. 


18.70 
2!.'.  35 
18.22 
20.39 
150.  70 
21.  31 
24.91 
24  45 
24.45 
23. 63 
26.16 
£4.11 


16.06 
18. 11 
23.39 

ia2« 

16.15 
^.64 
20.43 

ao.49 

29.29 
23.41 
19.60 


A   ernge 
Daily  At- 
teodance. 


16.96 
2(1.  79 
21.21 
20.  9^ 
22. 14 


19.94 


626,267 
425,149 
839,742 
407,97 
.301.524 
290,400 
375,639 
497,581 
69,132 
68,249 
184,647 
264,034 


34,738 
13,371 

104,980 
25.174 
14,448 
60,018 
6,121 
47,717 

127,505 
78.114 

246,057 


3.016,648 
1,496,681 
2,090,387 
4,350,341 
758,243 


11,712,3001 


Total 
No.  of 
'faacli- 

25,999 

16,617 

28,128 

16,823 

14,080 

13,597 

29,650 

17.704 

5,956 

6,090 

9639 

12,036 


1,741 

80U 
4,572 

880 

554 
1,892 

359 

1,753 

5,777 

4.(122 

_9,319 

116,654 
53,901 
68,620 

195,319 
31,569 


466,  O63 


•Males,  Ii9,i79.     Females,  S56,»&4. 


j^rofcigstonal  cScIiqoI.^  (n  tfte  ^nitctr  .^tatcg« 


YSABS. 


1897- 
1898- 
1899- 
1900- 
1901- 
1902- 
1903 
1904 
1905 


98... 
99... 
■1900. 
■1901. 
■1902. 
■1903. 
■1904. 
•1905. 
■1906. 


1897 

1898- 

1899 

1900 

1901- 

1902 

19v« 

1904 

1905 


98. . . . 

99.... 

1900.. 

1901. . 

1902... 

1903.. 

19<)4. 

1905. 

1906. 


Tkkolo«ical 

StUOOLS. 

Law  Schqols, 

>: 

i 

C 

2 

ja 

.0 

a 

0 

Q. 

a 

S 

^ 

V 

S 

-1 

<9 

a 

"A 

C-, 

e- 

?: 

r^ 

& 

155 

958' 

8,371 

83 

845 

11,6+3 

1.63 

99(5 

8,261 

96 

965 

11,874 

154 

994 

8,009 

96 

1,004 

12.516 

150 

988 

7,567 

KiO 

1,106 

i3,642 

148 

1,034 

7,343 

102 

1,1.55 

13,912 

153 

1,031 

7,373 

^y 

l,la8 

14,Ua7 

153 

1,055 

7,893 

95 

1.137 

14,302 

156 

1,094 

7,411 

96 

1,190 

14,714 

150 

1,103 

7.968 

V8 

1,274 

15,411 

Dental  s 

ichooli. 

.Schools  of 

Ph^niiaoy. 

50 

961 

6,774 

45 

401 

3,638 

50 

948 

7,354 

51 

442 

3,551 

54 

1,118 

7,928 

53 

49.'J 

4,043  . 

57 

1184 

8,308 

58 

522 

4,^29 

56 

1,197 

8,420 

59 

590 

4,427 

54 

1,164 

8,298 

61 

595 

S411 

54 

1  191 

7,825 

63 

611 

',457 

54 

1,161 

7,149 

67 

639 

4,944 

56 

1,329 

6,876 

66 

623 

5,145 

MKr>ICAI,  Sl-IKIOI.S.* 


Rvgul  ('•■ 


£ 

122 
122 
121 

123 
123 
118 
122 
120 
123 


3,4a: 

3,56 
3,545 

3,876 
4,084 
4.025 
4,253 

4,53$ 

4,877 


21,401 
22,7.52 
24,199 
§4,447 
24,847 
24,694 
24,U12 
24,927 


lloi|in,"ip.^ll(((;. 


'A 


Nurse  Training  fcchools. 


877  i 

393 

433 

448 
545 
553 
734 
863 
974 


8,805 
10018 
11,164 
11,599 
13,253 
13,779 
17.713 
19,824 
21,052 


21 
21 
00 

21 
20 
19 
19 
18 
18 


629 
636 
735 
639 
649 
666 
666 
640 
703 


3 


1,786 

1,802 
1,9(!K 
1,812 
1,551 
1,463 
1,289 
1,129 
1,063 


Veteriuarv  Schools. 


14 

173 

13 

153 

13 

124 

JO 

189 

11 

174 

11 

168 

11 

165 

1-^ 

217 

12 

204 

326 
316 
362 
461 
576 
671 
795 
1,269 
1,445 


*  i'ur  a  Here  ^Uo  Jl  gcUftic  ftnU  Phy-siomedical  Schools,  with  35T  instructors  auil  739  ptudeuts  \i\  I9'i5-\90f. 

.^cl)ool  autr  (^olle^e  jEuyolment  in  1 905^1 906> 


^i;  ,p^s. 


Eieifl-  Ary  (primary  and  gr.am- 
Riftr} .«••»....•   .,.....,.t«* 

Secondary  (high  schools  an^ 
academies) , 

fniversitiea  and  colleges 

Pi..re.ssioiial  schools. .,.,,,,.,, 

Ni.riiials  ■(((•••{.s. .,.,.,, ,. 

C.t^  eveuiii^  scl^aols., .,..,,.. 

H.i:-:iii;vs  sch'Mile. .,,,,.,.. 

Itv-farin  schools..,,..,,..,,,... 

Schools  for  deaf 

Schools  for  blind 


JJUMBSP  OP  PCPII-S. 


Public 


is.sig.sig 

T41,950 
:.l,33.'i 
11.. ^72 
69,4-29 

314,»i04 

11.745 

4,205 


Private. 


1,311,900 

182,449 

97,229 

60,1 117 

9,504 

,» t '  • » 
525 


Total. 


17,231,178 

I 

924.398) 

14S,5t>4 

61,769 

e«,937, 

314,6041 
130.085 

37,ti6f3. 

12,270 


Gbades. 


Schpols  for  feeble-minded.]. . . . 
Gov  -rnment  Indian  schools. . . 
Indian  scb<)ols  (five  civilijed 

tribes) .., 

Sihofils in  A laska 

Orphan    asylums    and    other 

hanuyolent  Institutions,  ... 

Private  lijpdef^artens  

5{)^c§llaqepu§  (art,  {|iuBic,etc.) 

Total  for  United  Sti^tes.,,.,. 


NiJMBEB  OF  Pupils. 


Piil.lic. 

lt),5.)0 
2ii,G79 

85,519 
6,S8fi 


l7,-239,g35 


Private. 


853 


15,000 

los.g.iiv 

50,01)0 


1,863,678 


Total . 


17,."?53 
29,6(9 

35,519 
6,336 

15,000 

105. H32 

50,000 


19,ieq,5l| 


Statistics  of  Education. 


537 


statistics  Of  ISTiucatioiu 

UNIVERSITIES,  COLLEC4ES  AND  TPJCHNOLOtUOAL  SX'HOOLS  IX  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
(Prepared  for  The  World  Alntaxao  by  the  Statistician  of  the  Uiiitetl  States  Bureau  ot  Education. ) 


IXCOME  IX   l'.IU5  ISOi. 


States  and 

Tkukitouiks, 

1904-1S05. 


From 

Tuition 
Fees. 


Nor  til    Atlantic 
Division. 

Maine 

N.  ilanipshire.. 

Vermont 

MassHcluisetts.. 
llliode  If^land... 
Connecticut  — 

New  York 

New  .TorMiiv 

Pennsylvania  . 

Soutli    Atlantic 
Division. 

Delaware. 

Maryliiiitl....... 

D.  of  Culuuibia. 

Virgiiiia 

West  Virginia.. 

N.  Carolina 

S.  Cai'olrna 

Georgia ■  • 

Florid* 

Sonth  .  Ce^ntral 
_Divis'ion. 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alaba'iua  , 

Mi>i^is!?i'in^ 

EonJsiarta 

Texas 

Arkansas 

OklabOTita 

Indian  Tei- 


North     Central 
Divife^idn. 

Ohio 

Indiaia 

Illinois 

l^icliigan 

Wisconsfn 

Minnesota 

lo<va 

Mlssoftti 

North  Dakota.. 
South  Dakota.. 

Nebraska 

If  fiusas 


Western 

Division. 

Montana 

W'yoniing 

Colorado  

New  Mexido . . . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington  . . . 

Oregon  

Calif  orfiia 


N.  Atlantic Div. 
S.  Atlantic  Div. 
S.  Central  Div  . 
N,  Central  Div. 
Western  Div.... 

United  States. 


From 

Productive 

Funds. 


$94,718 

127,009 

48,950 

1,449,945 
lot;, 968 
54<».2J9 

l,93f5,969 
239,4*33 

1,399,838 


900 
211.9(13 

197,701 
241  .lOJ 
36,770 
174,580 
73,863 
S3,785 
33,073 


117,003 

253,578 

98.088 

yj,ftiO 

1&1.994 

22?f,961 

63^423 

10,771 

'6,SttO 


740,230 

287,005 

1,6^0,797 

182,077 
22d,l33 
391,968 
354,489 
16,292 
55,458 
159,894 
2e2,93g 


4,913 

738 

1^6,252 

2,657 

4,299 

67,342 

2,500 

734,377 

80,552 

45,318 

276,692 


From 

U.  S.  Gov- 

ernment, 

State,  or 

MunK-ii'nl 

A))proi)ri:i- 

tioiis. 


$93^036 

120,05-2 

60,474 

1 ,349,311 
149,205 
433,092 

1,342,704 
226,776 
541,675 


4,?I80 
196,079 
35,351 
143,129 
21,500 
95,249 
41,159 
39,317 
38,717 


124,744 

155,682 

72,771 

8i;980 

93.6.^1 

161,155 

8,510 

35,904 


547,636 

188,865 

849,48$ 

189,488 

120.616 

92,089 

163,647 

379,^75 

79,666 

29,518 

83.*K)0 

71,f!41 


22,000 
21,286 
63,571 


14,255 
4,720 
18,000 
29,330 
34,624 
1,080,003 


Total 

Income. 


$6,000,109i ^,316,325  ^2,417,0 


884,500 
108.500 

61,406 
17^,850 

85,300 

114,306 

1,179,255 

109,300 

500,628 


50,500 
170,500 
121,100 
292,967 
"166,988 
176.850 
257,304 
123,817 

44,763 


104,827 

72,500 

64,825 

199,821 

65,65f^ 

203,085 

15^,182 

2l4,174 


832,833 
519,096 
8So,035 
697,767 
817,914 
84.^,228 
911,523 
435,760 
146,550 
185,450 
379,970 
445,900 


134,250 

45,311 

337,070 

70ii3 

<J2,~00 

296,646 

90.000 

57,000 

417,500 

175,000 

515,416 


1,058,27/ 
968,007 

4,f599,631 
621,263 


13,847,287 


615,451 

734,373 

2.795,610 

1,217,489 


§9,679,252 


1,404,989 

1,683,073 
7,049,020 
2,230,346 


14,184,461 


I.iljraiies, 
Hoiiiid 

WOuiiies. 


$293,180 
374,566 
176,463 

3,283,534 
347,326 

1,231,560 

5,119,138 
788,836 

2,518,709 


61,150 
628.876 
469,934 
719,315 
243,741 
516,515 
457,498 
298,081 
128,568 


371,346 

573,587 
251,917 
367,928 
341,368 
•655,117 
261,.'510 
292,473 
6,500 


2,300,416 

1,075,829 

3,572.485 

1,446.983 

1,219,090 

1,225,782 

1,560,910 

1,239,83 

25S,7ff9 

296,202 

700,.W3 

843,276 


166,038 
73,386 

577,087 
79,S12 
98,299 

388,700 
97,987 
75,000 

587,797 

269,288 
1,845,148 


V:i1ua  of 
Scieutltic 
Ajiparatus. 


184,477 
117,643 
113,03b 
,197,450 
170,974 
633,520 
,,^08,804 
S20,217 
837,972 


15,4tK) 
283,081 
200,5*) 

242  ,oa'" 

.'^1,9(M 

t6l,2-39 

.  13^895 

116,850 

28.000 


93.914 
161.349 

86,8i)0 

44.700 

84,26(; 

126.274 

4o,5oo 

27,797 
•1,500 


327,7(K) 
858,686 
381,254 
227.063 
186,025 
^63,581 
316,949 
40,300 
43,445 
125,471 
201,93 


80,012 
19,857 

117,580 
2S,S00 
ll.OOO 
44,850 
12,340 
1,500 
61,812 
50,931 

of)8,457 


14,133,312  4,984,092 
3,463,67«|1,216,950 
3,111,546     670,184 

15,739,992  3,697,444 


4,256,r')92 


741,83;* 


Value  of 

(jroiilid.s 

and 

MiiiMiiiirs. 


$S4,100 
1(M,HJ0 
2'<5.2aO 

2,441 ,4'i  3 
2o2  4bl 
807,7ivJ 

2,602,701 
201,000 

2,9r^,378 


78,700 
547,000 
111,667 
485,027 
143,500 
201.734 
375,937 
167.000 
111,485 


335,^36 
381.436 
ir3,782 
339,»27 
289,811 
477.305 
145,000 
182,226 
10,060 


1,576,436 
850,646 

2,256.649 

1,015.042 
749,730 
34i,060 

1,276,504 
580.310 
159,405 
122,000 
383,795 
305,317 


173,560 

106,104 

411.480 

79,7?)0 

48,673 

2:;7,462 

46,7lii 

33,336 

316,450 

153,200 

185.,40i 


$2,1S5,345 
1,858,500 
1J92,000 

14!9iN),119 
1,775,551 
7,880,943 

41,6'.7,2n>i 
1.930.000 

19,116,082 


185,000 
13,459,000 
8.502,455 
4,236.765 
1,100,000 
2,785,849 
1,705 ,49t5 
2,3t55,0l'0 

55i,000 


2,115,fWl 

3,938,441 
1.093.200 
1.167,391 
3,463.740 
3,196,100 

754,000 
i,3(J3,07o 

200,000 


13,887  360 
5.6t39,563 

21,357,364 
4,129,163 
4,^27,890 
3,678 ,3;;8 
5,745,994 
6,917,349 
8]2.3i^8 
1,146,085 
2.50o,.'588 
3,2:38 ,23o 


5(W,50(i 

225.000 

2,211,751 

205.  oOO 

,   17'8,.';^9 

i,0.>^,48r) 

2;->9,i!0l 

i;«,0oo 

1,647,48a 

88l,5()0 
10  46^,486 


9  701,325 

2,222,oo(> 
2,295,(>2.'i 
9,616.834 
1,791,136 


Productive 
FimUs. 


$2,010,014 
2.850,000 
1,137,452 

34,442.215 
3,-JlTO,53iJ 

10,124.7061 

39,103,027' 
4,712,000 

18,826,9'82 


83,0{H) 

4,468.4215 

1,800.126 

2,693,114 

415,7ff9 

1.482,707 

866,985 

753,071 

633.493 


2,488,064 
3,333,522, 
l,423.84i 
1,395,039 
2,805,313 
2,o50,05o 
215.^00 
2^5,000 


10,140,796 
3,634,437 

1{1,710,66$ 
3,275,7'90 
2,399,.d70' 
i!,282,714 
3,832,894 
S. 006 ,325 
2,91^.600 
•^83,904 
1,494,521. 
1,267,333 


813  898 

21,4:j1 

881,066 

i> 

■i(36jT)o 

148,912 
266,562 
295,153 

738,.180 
30,468 ,5li: 


Belief  ac- 
tions. 


92,501,7981116.406,928 


40,705,120lll310  609;§25,626,268 


31.895,565 
17.232,428 
73,815.127 
17,808,257 


12,696,687 
14,475,*'30 
59.2n,552 
33,793.7:® 


$166  537 
125,697 
184,000 

2,614,521 
143,015 

1,283,704 

1,880,382 
532,424 

l,:;tHJ,4o-2 


12.700 
428,063 
170,818 

49,000 
IW  500 

89,979 
202 /»00 

44.598 


167,954 

524>,803 

115,:S26 

63,469 

10,251 ' 

94,282 

7,521 

148.940 

15,180 


l,;U5,6o5 
174,0til 

1,274.670 
595,460 
162  KV^X; 
232.Hdl 
6«i9.325» 
277.572 
4.ti88 
181,606 
86.f>59 
266,504 


290 

400 

133,244 

250 

500 

124 

i;3.0i'0 

6  (HIO 

15,tK)0 

120.606 

621,133 

8,320.682 
1.189,158 
1,143,726 
5,234,087 
909,a>07 


236,253,175  236,dl3,92»!l6,7{»7,160 


538 


/Statistics  of  Education. 


.Statistic.?!  of  IStJucatiou, 

UNIVERSITIES,  COLLEGES  AND   IKCHNOLOGICAL  .SCHOOLS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
(Prepared  for  Thk  World  Alm.4Mac  by  the  Statistician  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Education.  ) 


Vi 

C 

,9 

C 

o 

a 

4 
3 
3 

13 
2 
4 

26 
6 

33 

2 
12 

7 
14 

4 
15 
11 
12 

4 

10 
20 
6 
6 
6 
15 
7 
4 
2 

3-1 
17 
31 
"11 

10 

9 

26 

19 

3 

7 

10 

20 

3 

1 
6 
3 
1 
8 
1 
1 
6 
8 
12 

94 

81 

76 

197 

45 

493 

PUOKKSSOKS 

AND 
IxsTRLCTOnS. 

Students. 

States  and  Territories, 
1904-1905. 

Total 
Kiiuiber. 

Preparatory 
Departments. 

Collegiate 
Departments. 

Graduate 
Departments. 

Professional 
Departments. 

ToUl 
Number. 

0) 

•s. 

E 

E 

a; 

s 

. 

0) 

I 

7 

32 

2 

622 

61 

342 

1,062 

108 

436 

1 

162 

190 

65 

3 

70 

33 

11 

8 

39 
51 
29 
34 
29 
31 
10 
3 
0 

127 

120 

945 

117 

161 

94 

148 

179 

11 

11 

69 

127 

0 
5 

101 
6 
3 
6 
0 
0 
46 
12 

335 

Of 

E 

i£ 

5 

0 

0 

57 

31 

33 

433 

0 

97 

U 
0 
19 
0 
0 

3 
1 

0 

1 

14 

9 

0 

32 

25 

3 
o 

0 

66 

39 

490 

34 

64 

45 

85 

33 

1 

2 

54 
56 

1 
f) 

46 

13 

1 

5 

0 

1 

14 

12 

246 

• 
« 

183 

65 

169 

2,505 

0 

481 

4,079 

0 

2,550 

0 

389 
1,866 
477 
139 
6-54 

82 
184 

43 

1,095 

1,931 

255 

90 

651 

1,114 

234 

84 

0 

1,198 

891 

3,638 

1,546 

166 

1,158 

1,092 

1,313 

75 

41 

762 

580 

0 

0 

340 

0 

U 

0 

0 

0 

112 

226 

781 

a> 

£ 

U« 

0 
0 
0 
115 
0 
0 

97 
0 

37 

0 
32 
26 

0 
0 
U 
1 

0 

.? 

0 
0 
6 
31 
0 
7 
0 

30 

24 

143 

51 

1 

22 

96 

4 

0 

1 

47 

39 

0 

0 

13 

I 
I 

U 
10 
13 

27 

• 
'a 

1 

(2 

Nortli  Atlantic  Division. 
IMuiiK? 

154 

13S 

93 

1,363 

96 

435 

•2,237 

254 

1,307 

24 
425 
521 
308 

69 
296 
Itil 
176 

61 

278 
460 
151 
126 
173 
322 
118 
102 
7 

1,071 
574 

1,445 
505 
411 
462 
621 
684 
97 
111 
422 
510 

48 

15 

367 

34 

21 

112 

24 

21 

195 

185 

730 

8 
0 
0 

15 

9 

6 

147 

5 

84 

2 
23 
21 
14 
20 
31 
31 
51 
27 

80 
82 
5 
21 
20 
70 
33 
27 
19 

224 
60 

273 
80 
52 
69 

234 

106 
21 
47 
86 

152 

16 

6 

47 

14 

5 

33 

9 

5 

37 

45 

99 

274 
2:iO 
357 
1,404 
316 

21 

95 

0 

544 

31 

0 

5,773 

256 

2,603 

37 
745 
507 
548 
317 
846 
711 
934 
211 

1,181 

1,828 
187 

1,079 
644 

1,343 
831 
389 
137 

2,886 

1,110 

4,112 

680 

790 

6j8 

2,114 

2.577 

739 

735 

1,2.S4 

1,885 

74 

69 

720 

120 

89 

723 

79 

67 

626 

376 

1,575 

0 
0 
0 

y 

15 

0 

485 

38 

913 

45 
22^ 

60 
221 
157 
591 
272 
554 
202 

695 
1.111 
0 
268 
121 
774 
500 
24^! 
113 

1,509 
207 

1,814 
245 
151 
267 

1,310 

1,229 

'262 

479 

590 

1,117 

54 

95 

427 

78 

74 

575 

72 

41 

344 

308 

453 

1,058 
1,140 

490 
6,423 

V03 
2,767 
8,897 
2,251 
8,661 

150 
1,726 

668 
2,642 

688 
2,075 
1,698 
1,418 

187 

1,169 
1,491 
1.114 
1,153 

724 

1,988 

623 

369 

14 

5, 555 
3,691 
5,9.57 
3,260 
3,066 
2,209 
3,069 
2,292 
208 
415 
1.  295 
2,271 

209 

23 

1,196 

80 

40 

396 

88 

U\ 

1,00a 

724 

3,  (164 

321 

9 

130 

467 

207 

51 

1,747 

0 

851 

19 

96 
189 
105 
352 
249 

77 
178 

55 

326 
658 

73 
102 

11 
979 
351 
204 

20 

2,710 

1,443 

4.108 

1,193 

1,221 

1.4.59 

1,870 

865 

146 

209 

9.59 

1,347 

111 
42 

717 

^  31 

19 

325 
47 
60 

652 

303 
1,8.32 

1.269 

1,332 

661 

10,094 

795 

3,590 

19,811 

2,615 

14.250 

188 
3,022 
3,131 
3,732 
1,147 
3.645 
2,524 
2,547 

449 

3,484 
5,301 
1.585 
2.356 
2,048 
4,476 
1,698 
845 
151 

9,766 
5,812 
14,652 
5,553 
4,183 
4,08h 
6,423 
6,. 361 
1.033 
1,202 
3,  .360 
4,863 

283 
97 

2,357 
206 
132 

1,125 
167 
208 

1,789 

1,3:58 

5, 755 

326 

Nfw  Ilunipsliire 

9 

Vcrnioitt 

130 

IS!  iissiiol  inset  ts 

648 

Kliode   Island 

Connecticut 

New  York 

New  .Jersey..: 

Pennsylvania 

253 
84 

2,762 
38 

1,898 

South  Atlantic  Division. 
Delaware 

64 

Maryland 

357 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virerinia 

294 

326 

West  Virsrinia 

509 

Norlli  Carolina " 

South  Carolina 

(leorgia 

842 
352 
734 

Florida 

257 

South  Central  Division. 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

1.031 

1,802 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

82 
370 

Louisiana 

170 

Texa.s 

1,809 

Arkansas 

Oklahoma 

854 
457 

133 

North  Central  Division. 
OJiio 

4,315 

Indiana 

1,713 

Illinois     

6,5.56 

Michiiran 

1,523 

Wisconsin 

]\Iinnesota 

1,437 
],793 

Iowa 

3  361 

Missou  ri 

2  131 

North  Dakota 

409 

South   Dakota 

691 

Nebra.'ika 

Kansas 

Western  Division. 
Afoiilana 

1,660 
2, 5.59 

166 

Wyoming 

1.H9 

Coloriwlo 

1,203 

New  Mexico 

122 

Arizona 

94 

Utali 

905 

Nevada  .   ..   

Idaho 

119 
102 

Washington 

1,  OJ(J 

OrefTon 

636 

Call  lorn  ia 

2.558 

North  Atlantic  Division. 
South  Atlantic  Division. 
South  Oiitral  Division.. 
North  Central  Division.. 
Western  Division 

6.077 
2,041 
1.737 
6,913 
1,75-J 

9, 3  J3 

4.8.56 

7.619 

19,440 

4,yl8 

1,460 
2,  .331 

3,82; 
9. 180 
2,  521 

19,318 

32,390 
,11.152 

j  8.645 

,33.2.-(.S 

6,966 

3, 783 
1 .  320 
2.724 
17.. 53(1 
4,139 

2,672 
543 
226 

2, 109 
514 

6.56 

25 

86 

969 

341 

10,032 
3.834 
5,4.54 

12, 460 
1.459 

249 
59 
72 

458 
63 

54,417 

20.385 
21. 944 
67,297 
13,457 

6,148 
3.  735 

6,708 

28,187 

7,064 

United  States 

,18,520 

1  2,571 

45,756 

92,441 

29.496 

6,064 

2.077 

33.239 

901 

177,500 

51,792 

Universities  and  Colleges  of  the   United  States. 


539 


}3rfuc(pal  SEutUecsitics  auti  (tMt^tn  of  tfje  sanitctr  <Statei^* 

TABLE    ONE. 

THEstatlstlcs  embraced  In  this  table  were  coramunicated  to  Thk  VVoki.d  Ai.manao  by  the  Presi- 
dents of  the  respective  laatitiilions,  and  reiireseiit  their  condition  at  l lie  close  of  1907. 

Persons  writin?  to  the  different  institutions  for  catalogues  should  inclose  postage  stamp  for  reply, 
aud  also  indicate  the  reason  for  request. 


a:  o  '  Colleges. 

2  S  ForexplaniUioii  of  signs,  see 

M  -  I  page  554. 


Location. 


1896  AdeliihiCoUegx't 

185i<  Adrian  CoUeget 

•  871  A«.<s;Mech.Col.oflVx. 
1872  Alabama  Poly.  Inst.t. 

1865  Albany'  CoUeget 

1861  \lbioii  CoUeget 

1S81  Albright  CoUeget 

183ti  Alfred  Universityt-.  . 
ISlo  Allegheny  CoUeget... 

188T  Alma  Colleget 

18^.=)  Am.  Intern' 1  Col. t.  . 
1891  Aniericau  Univ.t 

1891  American  Uniy.  t 

18-Jl  Amherst  College 

1«'>3  A  mi  t  y  Col  lege  t 

1S>8  .-\ndover  The.  Sem.... 

18V2  A  ntioch  Collpget 

I'?r3  A  rkaijsas  Colleget. .   . 

1892  A rmonr  Inst.  Tech'  v.. 
IStift  Atlanta  Universityt5. 
182(1  Auburn  Theol.  Sem'  y 
18*59  Augsburg  Seminar.y. . 
18fi0i  A  ugnstana  ('oUeget. . . 
1858; Raker  [Iniversityt. ... 
184(51  Haldu in  Universityt. 
188!>' Barnard  CoUeget((0. . 

1863]  Bates  Colleget 

1845i Baylor  Universityt  .. 

1880  Beilevue  Colleget  .... 

1847'Beloit  Colleget 

1858:  Kerea  Colleget 

1881  Bethany  CoUeget 

1840j  Bethany  Colleget  ... 
1857!  Blackburn  CoUeget. . . 

1863  Boston  College 

18691  Boston  Universityt. . . 

1794  Bowdoin  College 

1877JBrigham  Young  Col.t 
1764  Brown  Universitj'  (^•) 

1880  Brvn  Mawr  Col.t 

1870  Buchtel  CoUeget 

1846j  Bucknell  Universityt 

18771  Buckner  Ctjlleget 

1855  Butler  University  .... 

1870|Canisius  College 

1866|Carleton  Colleget 

1851iCarson  &  Newman  C.t 
1870|C Carthage  CoUeget.... 
1881;CaseSc.  Appl.  Scienw 
1880lCatholic  Univ.  Am.fO- 
1894!Cedarville  CoUeget'. 
1857!Central  Colleget  .  . . 
1855iCentral  Universityt. 
1819 Central  University.  . 
1861  Central  WesleyanCol.t 
IHQl  Chtnie>  Cit  y  Colleget.! 
1785  Charleston  Colh-ge  . . . 

Hi? Christian  Univ.t 

18(39  Claflin  Universityt§  .. 

1902  Clark  College 

1870 Clark  University  §. ... 

18S.»  Clark  Universityt 

1896  ClarksonSchoolTech.. 
1889Clemson  Agri.  College 

1881  Coe  CoUeget 

181-!  Colby  Colleget 

1819  Colgate  University . . . . 
1SJ7  College  City  of  N.'  Y.. 
18"i9Col.  of  St.  Elizab  -tlit. 

1874  Colorado  Colleget 

1754  ColumbiaUniv.  id) 

l8;59ConcordiaCollege. . .  . 
1890  Converse  Col  legt^t .... 
1887  Cooper  CoUeget(7).   .. 
1853  Cornell  Colleget 


Brooklyn,  N.  Y.. . . 

Adrian,  Mich 

College  .Sta., Tex.. 
.Auburn,  Ala. ...... 

.\lbany,  Ore 

Albion,  Mich 

Myerstown,  Pa. 


Alfred,  N.  Y 

Meadvdle,  Pa 

Alma.  Mich 

f^pri  nglield ,  Mass.. 
FTarriraan,  Tenn.. 


I^enoiiiiiiatioual 
CoDtrul. 


rri'sideut  or  Chairman  o£  Faoultv. 


Et: 


Washington,  D.  C 

Amherst,  Mass 

College  Springs,  la 
.\ndover.  Mass  — 
Yellow  Springs,0. 
Batesville,  Ark  — 

Chicago,  111 

Atlanta,(Ta 

.Auburn,  N.  \ 

Minneapolis,  Minn 
Rock  Island, 111.... 

Baldwin,  Kan 

Berea,0 

Manh'nBoro,N.Y. 
Lewiston,  Me... 

Waco,  Tex 

Bellevne,  Neb.. 

Beloit,Wis 

Berea,  Ky 

Lindsborg,  Kan. 
Bethany.  W.  Va.. 
CarlinviUe,  111... 

Boston,  Mass 

Boston,  Mass 

Brunswick,  Me... 

Logan,  Utah 

Providence,  R.  I. . 
Bryn  Mawr,  Pa. . 

Akron,  O 

Lewisburg,  Pa 

Nitcherville,  Ark. 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Northfield,  Miim . . 
Jetf.  City, Tenn  ... 

Carthage,  111 

Cleveland,  O 

Washington,  D.  C. 

CedarvlUe,  O 

Payette,  Mo 

Peila,  Iowa 

Danville,  Ky 

Warrenton,  Mo.  .. 
Charles  City.  Iowa. 
Charleston,  S.  C 

Canton,  INIo 

Orangeburg,  S.  C 
Worcester,  Mass. . 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Worcester,  Mass.. 
Potsdam,  N.  A*.  .. 
Clemson  Co!.,  S.C. 
'Cedar  Papids,  la. . 
jWaterville,  :Me  . .. 
IHamilton,  N.  Y.  .. 
Manh'uBoro.N.Y. 
Convent  Sta.,  N.  .1. 
Colorado  .Sp's,  Col 
Manh'nBoro,N.Y. 
iFort  Wayne,  Ind. 
Spartanbnrg,  S.  C. 

Sterling,  Kans 

Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 


Xon-Scct 
Meth.  Prot. 
Xou-Sect. .. 

Xon-Sect 

Presbyter'  u 
Meth.  Epis. 
Evangelical 

Non-Sect 

Meth.  Epis. 
Presbyter' n 
Non-Sect. . . 
Christian  Ch 
Meth.  Epis. 

Non-Sect 

Xon-Sect. . . 
Congregat'l. 

X'on-Sect 

Pre.sbyter'n 
Xon-Sect .  . . 

X'on-Sect 

Presb.yter'  n 
Luthei'an... . 

Lutheran 

Meth.  Epis. 
JNIeth.  Epis. 

Non-Sect 

X^on-Sect. .. 

Baptist 

Presbyter' u 

Non-Sect 

Non-Sect ... 

Lutheran 

Disciples,.  .. 
Presbyter' n 
R.  Catholic. 
Meth.  Epis. 
Undenom'l 
Latter  Day. 
Non-Sect. . , 

Xon-Sect 

Univ'rsalist 

Baptist 

Baptist 

Undenom'l. 
R.  Catholic. . 
Xon-Sect.  . . 

Baptist 

Lutheran. . . 
Non-Sect  . . 
R.  Catholic. 
Ref.  Presb.  . 
Meth.  Ep.  S. 

Baptist 

Presbyter'  n 
Meth.  Epis. 
Meth.  Epiis, 
No  n- Sect.  . . 
Christian  Ch 
Meth.  Epis. 
Non-Sect.. . . 
Meth.  Epis. 
Non-Sect . . . 
Non-Sect.  . . 

N'on-Sect 

Presbyter' n 

Bapti.st 

Undenom'l. 
Non-Sect.  . . 
R.  Caihulin. 
No  n- Sect . . . 
No!i-Sect . . . 
Lutheran  . . . 
(Non-Sect.  .. 
Vn.  Presb. . 
iNon-Sect.... 


C.  II.  Levermore.  Ph.D 

Rev.  B.  W.  Anthony,  1>.  D . . 
H.  II.  Harrington,  LL.D.... 
Chas.  t'.  Thach.  A..A[.,LL.D. 

CM.  Crooks,  A.  B 

Samuel  Dickie,  LL.  D 

J.  D.  Woodrlng,  A.  M.,D.  D.. 
Rev.  Boothe  C.  Davis,  I'h.  D. 
William  H. Crawford, I). I). . 
Rev.  A .  P.  Bruske,  M.S.,  D.D. 
Rev.  Samuel  H.  Lee,  M.A.. 

James  A.  Tate,  A.  M 

Rv.  Frank'uHamilton,Ph.D 

George  Han  i.'<,  LL.  D 

Rev.  RossT  Campbell,  D.D. 

Chas.  O.  Day,  D.D 

S.  D.  Fess,  LL.D 

Eugene  R.  Long,  Ph.D 

P.  W.  (i!un.saulus,  D.  I).,LL.  D 
Rev.  Edward  T.  Wan,  A,  B. 
Rev.  G.  B.Stewart,   D.D..,. 

H.  A.  Urseth  (Dean) 

Gustav  A.  Andreeu.  Ph.  D.. 

Lemuel  H.  Murlin,  D.D 

G.B.  Kogers,A,M.,B.D.Ph.D 
Nicholas  M.  Butler,  LL.D . . 
George  C.  Ciiase,D.l).,LL.D. 
Samuel  P.  Brooks,  LL.  D. .. 
Rev.  G.  W.  Wads  worth,  D.D. 

G.  L.  Collie(Act.  Pres.) 

Wm.  G.Frost,  Ph.  D.,D.D.. 
Rev.  E.  F.  Pihlblad,  A.  M. . . 
T.  E.  Cramblet,  A.  M.,LL.D. 

Tho.s.  W.  Lingle,  Ph.D 

Rev.  Tho.s.  I.  Gasson,  S.  J.. 

W.  E.  Huntington,  D.  D 

Wm.  De  Witt  Hvde,  D.D. . . . 
James  H.  Linford,B.S.,B.D. 

W.  H.  P.  Faunce,  D.  D 

M.  C.Thomas,  Ph.D.,  LLD. 
Ry.A.B.Church,D.D.,LL.D. 

John  H.  Harris,  LL.  D 

IT.  W.C.  Ainley,  A.  B.,  B.D. 
ThomasC.  Howe,  (Dean)... 
Augustine  A.  Miller,  S.  J.  . . 
W.  H.  Sallmon,  A.M.,D.D. 
M.  D.  Jeffries,  M.  D. ,  D.  D... 
Rev.Fred.  L.  Sigmund,  D.  D. 

Charles  S.  Howe,  Ph.  D 

Rt.  Rev.  D..T.  O'Connell  (g) 
Rev.  D.  McKinney,  D.  D.... 

WUliam  A.  Webb 

L.  A.  Garrison,  D.D 

Rev.  F.W.  Mini tt.Ph.D., D.D. 
Geo.  B.  Addicks,  D.  D. ,  A.  B. . 
Rev.  Frank  E.  Hirsch.  D.D. 
Harrison  Randolph,  LL.D... 
Carl  Johann,  A.M.,  LI-.  D.. 
L.  M.  Dunton,  A.M.,D.D.... 
C.  D.Wright,  LL.D..  Ph.D.. 

W.H.  C;rogman.  Litt.  D 

G.  Stanley  Hall,  Ph.  T).,  LL.D 

W.  S.   Aldrich,M.B: 

P.  H.  Mell.Ph.  D.,IiL.D 

Win.W.  Smith,  A.M.,  LL.D. 
Rev.  CUias.  L.  White,  D.  D. . . 
Geo.  E.  Merrill,  D.  D.,LL.  D. 

i.Tohn  H.  Finley,  LL.D 

Sistpr  Mary  Paidino 

W.  F.Sloehm,  LL.  D.  .D.  D.. 
N.M.Butler, I;L.D.,  IMi.D.  .. 

Rev.  Martin  Luecke 

Robert  P.  Pell,  liitt.D 

Rev.  F.  M.Spencer,  I). I) 

iWm.  F.  King,  A.M., LL.D.. 


«0 

18 

451 
68 

lU 
25 

*26 
•>: 

26 
12 
12 

'40 
10 

7 
12 

8 
70 
20 
II 

8 
41 
42 
32 
62 
30 
94 
16 
35 
65 
40 
1 

12 
25 
158 
64 
46 
65 
50 
19 
55 

5 
28 
40 
21 
20 
15 
37 
30 

9 
13 
16 
70 
18 
15 
10 
13 
42 
23 
24 
14 
12 
43 
30 
16 
47 
20 
30 
46 
d604 
10 
22 
131 
4< 


Stu- 
lenU* 

^600 
268 
608 
565 
200 
450 
210 

"383 
280 
103 
.317 

"ftio 

194 
12 

205 

180 


Vol. 

limes  in 
Libr.iry 

i2~oob 

7,000 

6,212 

21,000 

2,500 

18,1/00 

6,000 

20.635 

22,000 

19,2o0 

2..000 

2,000 

17,000 

90,000 

1,268 

56,000 

8,000 

4,600 


1,869  30,000 


340 

62 

132 

578 
1,012 


440 
1,241 

180 
381 

1,097 
•948 
290 
159 
625 

1,428 
400 
856 


12,  .500 

31,-345 

5,000 

22.808 

25.000 

606|  10,000 

390|  3,000 

32,814 

21,000 

5,300 

39,100 

24,000 

10,000 

10,000 

4.000 

40.000- 

34,000 

88,355 

5,000 

716  160,000 

434  53,000 

9,000 

30,000 

600 

16,000 

25,000 

21,000 

2,500 

8,000 

5,000 

28,000 

2,400 

8,000 

0,000 


269 
750 
123 
464 
450 
315 
525 
247 
427 
203 
122 
197 
178 
694 
315 


23,000 
9,000 
1,200 
16,722 
5,000 
5,000 
40,000 
,  2,800 
84  40.000 
92  2.521 
658,  13,404 
300'  7,0C0 
230  44.000 
51,000 
,.-  37,674 
.360  12,000 
607  46,500 
d5,197  450,000 
220  10,000 
322  3,500 
200,  3,000 
772.  28,700 


225; 
81' 
137j 
600 
115 
500 


470 
4,041 


640      U)iwersitles  and  Colleges  of  the   United  States.— CoiUinued, 


»  ^1  College^— T/iUe  Que  I 
O  M  iFor  expian:itio!i  ol  signs,  seej 
«  !5i  page  554. 


Location. 


18b'5lC'ornell  [:niversityt...|It]jaca,  iS.  V 
1889,CoUier  Uujversityt  w^^thnnv  tstaI 
1879Creighton  Univ.  (rr) 


(rr). 
1842  CuiJLibejiand  UiuvJ-. 
lh83r».'kola  Wesley.  Uiiivt 
17n9  Durtinouib C'oUege. . . . 

1837  Davidson  College 

1902  i>eiiiiuce  Col  lege  t 

ISoS  Ueliuvare  (•oUi';j;e..  .j 
183llj)enisoii  Univei'Sityt. . 
1837ll)o  Faiuv  Uuiver^Lyt. 

1865|Des  MoiiieHCoI.t 

178;!il)icJfii!S()ii  I'oileget 

1872;DoaneColJeset 

1881jDralct»  UniversiJyt... . 
1867|Oi'e\v  Tlieol.  i>L'iii:.. . . 

187;ji  Drury  l.'otle2:<vt 

18171  JCarlhf.ru  Coliuj;et  .... 

l8.5;)jJ'JlniirH  ColU*;;*-!  

1881)  iOlou  ('(>lleL;e> 

18o8  lOiuory  &  Jieury  Col. . 

18;56l  K  111  ory  Col  1  Hiie 

1882!  l*>ii3poria.(  '(>l.eii;et 

I8'i9l  1''.  rs]i  i  n  e ,( Jo  1 1  c^ie  f... 

1865 

186' 

1895 

1888 

1882 

18»vj 

1841 

1881 

lyO'Jl 

178 

18:',4 

1820 

1851 

181 

1819 

1829 

1788 

1821 


^etiiauy,  ISTeb... 

Omaha,  Xeb 

X^ebauou,  Teiin . . 
Mitchell, S.  Dak. 
lliiiioyer,  is.  H. 
Davidson,  N.  C. 

Deliiuice,  O 

iSewarli,  Del  .... 

Grauville,  O 

Gieeiicastle,  lud 
Des  Moiues,  louiv. 
Carlisle,  i'a 
CJitae,  Keb 
Des  Moiues,  Iowa. 
Madison,  >..  J  . . 
SpriugHeld,  Mo. 
iiichuiojul,  Lud. 

JOixiiira,  N.  Y 

BlouOoJloge,  N.C. 
Fiiawy,  Ya 


KQVOkil  Cdllc.wt 

Kwiug  on.'f^'it 

FainuLoiiut  ('.>lleget.. 

i.''ar^'o  C'  >]le:;et 

i'"iiidlay.(  'olU;;;^^ 

i'^ibk  L;ii|y('r.si;yj  § 

Fordliaui  Uai versity. 

i?'oit  \V<i)tli  I'liiv.t.. .. 

Kranl<niii4lieiiCL>Jl't. 

FiaulilinA:  M:u«luill. 

Fnuikiin  Coll<»g:et.... 

KrankJin  CoJlc^ret 

jFurnian  IJiiivei'sity... 

Ueneial  TJjoqI.  .Seiu.. 

Oeneya  Colleget 

Georgetown  Collcget. 

'Georgetown  J.Jniv.  .... 

I'ieo.  WashingtojJlJu.t 

1848  iJ  i  rard  Cq!  luge 

1838|ii  reen?boro  CqI.  t 

I791(ireehev'i  efel'usc.G.t. 

Um  i  reef  C^  )1  leget 

J37qjGrove  City  C,olI.eget . . . 

|L837(i  nil  lord  iJullegat 

Jk;   :        iv.A^oipJa.C.t... 

>' ;  !!tou('o!lQs:.e 

J.b,)t  .  i:'i.ij!il!p  Uiiiy.t 

l'iliJ\Hiun[^  lojj-SlducyUol. 
-SoSj  i lampion  Inst.  t(ji... 

S;%l MaiiQ vcr  ( 'oijegq j- 

s:"-T"  tfordTlieoJ  Sem  t 

^)i-4r:iiv'.(/). .... 

ii...j.  i..o,;:!grt0illeg('t ... 

8:13  IIi!iver!(jr/J  ( 'oU'ege. . . 

irr-  T-i.-in^Collesjet.... 

1'  li)^rs•Ciuv.t... 

;;.,.  ;  i...,,'.i:x  College 

.SSiriile.irv  Kendiai  C.t.. 

.S-.'^inihi'lale  Cql!^^et... 

:  .8tJ7  1 1  i  rain  Oql  leapt . ..... 

:  .8-Jf!j  I  liNvassee  <  '"jiIegGt. . . 

:.8;i2  ripbartgollege 

:. Sir;! ilr.lv  Cto«.s  College. . 
:  •'  College f....... 

;■:  i  ardCoUege , 

;  .co.-^j  lio»  ard  Paj'n^  Col.  f. 
.867(11  ojvard  F'liv'.t  (c). .. 
.82?«j  II  li  noi.s  CqI  leget. . . . . . . 

.850  111.  We.slev.tJiiiv.  t... 

.902  liidiaiiaCent'llJuiv.t 

.HCoJriHUuiia  Univprfiityf,. 

:;p     '       iClirisliauCpl.tl 

1-  .  C(/|ieget 

"  i\va.SialcColleget(7) 

iVV4  We.sjpv.  Univ.f. 
A.;,/i  iani.es^i;iIlikinTTniv.t 
1887l.Iohn  B. Stetson TTn.t.. 
I'"  ■' '  '  ;.s  IIopkiii.=5  JJ.  i  i}. 
1~  :usjpitvlT|)iy.f. .. 

lb;  .iiix-.M-asWesleyauII.t. 


OxJ'ord,  Ga ■ 

Enaporui,  Kan.,.. 
Dae  vye:JI,«.  C... 

Faireka,  111 .... 

Evviug,  111 

VvlchJtii,  Kan 

i'"argo,  iST.  Diik, . . . 

FJudlay,  D 

Na.shvllle,Teiui. .. 
l<'ordhain,N.  Y.  G. 
KortWorJii,  Tex.. 

.CUil'toii,  Tenu 

Laucasier,  I'a 

Franklin,  Jnd 

iS^cw  Athens,  O  ... 
(jreenville,S.  C  — 
.MauU'nBoro,X.Y. 
lieaver  Falls,  Fa 
Georgetown,  Ky 
Sya.'jhiugton,  D.  C. 
Wa-^hington,  D.C. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
.(.4i-een.sboro,  N.  C . 
Tusculnm,  Tenn. . 

Ifoopeatou,  111 

J  rove  City,  Pa.... 
UuillordC(31.,:s'.  C 
bt.  Peter,  Minn.. 

Clinton,  H.Y 

.^t.Paul,iMinn.  (aO. 
Hamp.-Sidnoy,Va 

Hampton,  Va 

Haiioyer,  lud 

Hartford,  Ct 

C'auibrid*e,  JIass 
Hastings,  Neb... 
liaverl'ord.  Pa... 

Abingdon,  111 

TUlin,0 

Couwaj',   Ark 

Tulsa,  Dkla 

riiU;>()ale,  Mich... 

Hiram,  (J 

i>Ie\v."5weetw'r.T'ii 

Geueya,  N.  Y 

\Vgfcfister.  Mass . . 

ftolland,  Mich 

Birminghara,  ALi. 
lifiQwuwood,  Tex. 
^Viifihjngtftn,  D.C 
.lacksp.nville,  TU. 
B}oomington,  TU. 
rndjapapoiis,  Ind 
Bl(),0)uiiigtQn,Ind 

Oskaloosa,  Ja 

Grinr^ell,  iQvva 

.4)he.s,  Iowa 

Mt.  Pleasant.lows 

fJecatiir,  111 
}e  r.and,Flar. 

{laltinKtj-e,  Jild 

Kansas  City,  Kan. 
i^aHua,  Kan. ....... 


Denominntional 
Control. 


iSTon-.'Sect.. . . 
ChrLstiauCli 
it.  Catholic. 
Pr43sbyter'u 
Meih.  Epis.. 
Non-Sect . . . 
Presbyter'  n 
C^hiriaLiau  . . . 
Non-iject... 

liapti.st 

Methodist . . 

i]i!.pLi.St 

Xou-.Sect 

Congregat'I. 
ludepend'  t. 
Meth.  Epj.s. 
(Joiigrega'l . 

Friends 

Presi.>yter'n 

ChnsLian ■ 

.Meth.  Ep.S.. 
Meth.  Kp.  .S. 
Presbyter' n 
Rsi".  Presb./ 
Chri.^tlan  ... 

Baptist 

Congrega'I,. 
Congrega'  1 , 
ch.  of  .God... 
Undenom'l. 
R,  Catholic. 
Melli.  I'^pi.';. 
Undenom'l. 
Itef.  in  U.  «. 

Daplist 

Xon-Sect. .. 

Bapti.st 

Prou  Epi.s.. 
i;of.  Presb.. 

Baptist 

K.  Catholic. 
Xon-Hect. ... 
Xon-Sect. .. 
Methodist . . 
L'resbyter'n 
Npn-.Seet . . . 
Xon-Sect . . .' 

Friends 

Lutheran  . . . 
Xon-hect . . . 
Mi'th.  ICpis. 
Presbyter' u 
.^on-aect; . . . 
Presbyter'  n 
('ongregat'l. 
Xou-!Se.ct . . . 
Presbyter'  n 

Friends 

Meth.  Epi.s. 
R."f.  in  U.y 
M.L'th.  Ep..S 
Presbyter' n 
Xon-Seet 

IH.sciples 

Xon-.Sect  .. 
Xon-Sect.... 
n.  Catholic. 
Uef.  of  Am. 

Baptist 

!5apti.st 

Undenom'l. 
Presbyter' n 
Xon-Sect... . 
Un.Breth'n 
Xoa-Sect, 
Xon-Sect 
X'on-Sect 
Xon-Sect . . . 
isreth.Epis. . 
Presbyter'  n 
Undenom'l 
Xon-Sect .. 
Mplh.Prot. 
Meth.  Epis. 


J.  G.  Schurman,  LL.D.,D.Sc 

W.  P.  Aylsworth ,  LL.  D 

Fiev.  M.  p.  Dowling,  tt.  J... 

Rev.T.Nicholsoii,D.D.,LL.D 
VVm.  J.  Tucker,  D.D.,  LUD. 

Henry  L.  Smith,  LL.D 

P.  \V.  Mcileyuoids,  A.M.... 
lieo.  A.  Harter,  M.A.,Ph..U. 
Rev.  Emory  W.  Hunt,  D.D. 

Edwin  H.  Hughes,  D.  D 

Loran  D.  Osboru,  Ph.D 

Geo.  E.  Uead,S.T.  D.,LL.D. 
I )avid  B.  Perry,  A.M., D.  D.. 
H.  McC.  Bell,  A.  M 


Presideut  or  Chairman  of  Faculty. 


lioW.  li.  Kelly,  Pli.  M 

Rev.  A.  C.  JMax'Keuzie,  D.D 
EmmettIi.Moffitt,LL.  D... 
R.G.  \Va.terhou.so,M.A.,I).D. 
Rev.  James  E.  Dickey,  D.D. 
Henry  0.  Ciilbertson,  B.D. . . 

J ame.s  S.  Mofl'att,  D.  D 

Robert  E.  Jlierouymus,x\..  M 

J.  A.  Leavitt,  J>.J) 

Henry  E.  M:ayer,D.D.,B.  D. 
Edmund  M.  VitLuuj,  D.D... 
Rev.  <!.  I.  Brown, A. I\f., D.D. 
Rev.  .Ja«.  G.  Merrill,  D.D.. .. 
Rev.  iDavid  J.  Q.uiuxi,S.  J... 

VVni.  Fielder,  D.D 

Rev.  J.T.  Baker,  Ph.  M. . . 
Ri'V.  J.  S.St?Jir,LL.D.,  D.D. 
Elmer  B,  Bryan,  LL.D. .. 


E  M.  Fo teat, D.D., LL.D. 
Rev.  W.  Tj.  Pu>bbins,  Dean. . 
Rev.W.  Heury George,. \.B 
.-Vrthur  Yager  (Chm.  Fac), 
Rev.  David  H.  Bael,  S.  J. . . 
( :has.  W.  Needham,  LL.  D. 
.^.H.FetterolI,  Ph.D.,  LL.D 


L.  C.  Haynas,  A  .B.  (V.  Pres. ) 
F..  L.  liailey,B.  S., M.S., B.C. 
Jtev.  I..C.  Ketler,Ph.  J>.,D.D 
Lewis  L.  Hobbs,  A.  B.,  A-M. 
Peter  A.  Mattson, D.D. , Ph.D 
M.  \V.  Stryker,  D.D.,  LL.D.. 
Rev.  G.  H.  Bridgman,  D.D. . 
Rev.  3.  G.  McAllis.Ler,D.D. 
Rev.  H.  B.  FrJsselL  D.  D.. . . 
fJlenii  Culbert,son(Chm.Fac. 
W.  D.  Mackenzie,  D.  D... 
Charles  Wm.  F:iiot,  LL.J>. . . 

A.  E.Turner,  LL.D 

Isaac  Sharpie.ss,Sc.D..  Lr>.l) 
\ym.PittaiacVey,A.B.,B.D 
Chas.  K.  Miller,  A.M.,D.  D. 

Rev.  A.  Grant  Evans 

.los.  W.  Mauc'k.  A.  M.,  LL.D . 
MinerLec  Bates,  A.M.,Ph.D 

R.GV.J.  E.  Lowry,  A.IM 

L.  C.  Stewardson,  LL.  D 

Rev.  Thos.  E.  Murphy, S..L 
Gerrit  .7.  Kollen,  A.M.,  LL.D 
\.  P.  Montague,  LL.  D 


\Vilbur  P.  Thirkieid,  LL.D 
C.  H.  Rammelkamp,  Ph.  D 
F.  G.  Barnes,  A.  M. ,  D.  D. . 

John  T.  Roberts,  D.D 

Wm.  L.  Bryan,  Ph.i).,LL.  J> 

01iarJes.L  Burton,  D.D 

J.  H.  T.  Main 

A.  B.  Storms,  LL.D.,  D.  D.. 
J.  W.  Hancher,  LL.D.,S.T.D 
A.  B.  Taylor,  Ph.D..  LL.  D. . 
LinroluHuUey,  Ph.D., LL.D 
Ira  Remsen,  LL.D..  Ph.  D.  . 
IS  S.  Stephens,  D.  D.,Chau. 
r.  W,  iloaeh,  M.  A 


••••••• 


Stn- 
deuts*' 


519 

ii^i 

21 
27 
86 
18 
19 
21 
50 
42 
15 
83 

as 

100 


25 
19 

l<j 
10 
14 
22 
11 
li> 
19 
18 
20 
17 
36 
90 
65 
12 
27 
21 

'i4 

13 

23 

1^') 

20.S 

65 


Vol- 
umes in 
Library 

jMi  3427025 

■sM  0,000 

723  19.500 
5lt>  20,000 
64tj'  6,000 
1,217100.000 
3iJ8   16,000 


280 
155 
683 
975 
214 
630 
205 
l,7tj4 


600 

285 

212 

192 

817 

508 

192 

225 

o59 

316 

306 

3iJ9 

550 

56J 

845 

2i6 

43 

300 

"228 
118 
260 
2? 
855 
1.500 
1,736 


5,000 
10,000 
2"i,000 
35,000 

6,000 

36,000 

10,500 

12,276 

100,129 

20,000 
6,8i)0 
3,250 

IS,  000 

30,IK)0 
7,000 

16,000 
8,000 
6,000 

35,000 
5,0.00 
2.000 
8,000 

50,000 
2,800 
1,000 

58,000 

17,000 

8,000 

41.779 

4,0t*0 

11,0'jo 
98,000 
37,00)0 
17^77 


1 

12 
2^5 
12 
S5j 
20 
77 
8 
124 
11 
15 

11 
21 

15 
25 

"is 

20 

22 

7 

18 
SO 
20 
10 

*98 

211 
45 

75 
12 
50 

laol 

201 

o2 

52 1 

176 

66 


la6 
275 
655 
256 
376 
180. 
621 
12^! 

l,295i 

140 

54 

3,958 
175| 
U'i 


8,500 

2,500 

6,51.0 

6,000 

10,000 

47,000 

8,000 

11,000 

22,186 

20,000 

80,000 

778,641 

6,Bl« 

49,700 

2,0!iU 

16,000 


no  3,(i00 

313  15.400 

Jf51  IJ.OOO 

157  4, OHO 

loo  46  600 

493  ,^.;,ooo 

300  I6,i;')0 

205  6,000 


1,0H 

{SOU 
970 

95 

159' 

e:;6i 
j,3;i 

415 
756 
486 
605 
413 
32,  1.246 


46,(H>0 

16,000 

12,000 

800 

58,000 

3.000 

38  373 

21,000 

8,500 

3,500 

15,000 

135,000 

2,500 

5,000 


'  Unioersitles  and  Colleges  of  the   United  States.— CffiiUvsuid.      541 


Clolle^cs — Table  One. 

l""or  e.<pl;liir»lii)ii  of  signs,  see 

paje  654. 


o  1 
A 

o_ 

18o8[K;enliicky  Univ.  t 

IHO;;; Ky.  Wesl^eyanCol.f  . .. 

1824iKenyoii  College 

i«i'2;  !vcnkuColle!^et 

l')JV;ivii()X  (."olle.tret 

187i/|  Ki  Kjx  V  i  1  le  Culleset§... 
\66i\  La  fiiyi'Ue  OuUege  . . . 
ISooJLuke  Krie  Colleget... 
18o7j  Lake  Foi-est  College  t. 
1872  Liiiider  Colleget 


Location. 


18At 

188: 
i»4: 
1856 
1866 

18*5 
1866 
1891 
1869 
1856 
1874 
18«3 
1864 
1897 
1851 
186i) 
1852 
1861 


Litiie  Theul.  Semiuary 

L:i  .Siille  College 

bawi-ence  ITniv.t 

Leaiider  Clark  CoLt. . 

Lebaiiont 

Lel>aiiuii  ValfeyCol'.t. 

Lehigh  (Tiiiversity 

Lelaudstauiordv.lr.t. 
LelanU  Uiiivei-.sitySt, 
Lenox  Colleget. ...... 

Li  bei'ty  (.'ollege-j: 

Lima  Colleget 

Liiicoiu  Colleget. . 
LiiicolaMehi'l  Uii 
Lorn  bard  Colleget- . . 
Louisiana  S^ite  Uiii". 

J  jO  voia  Col  lege 

Liit!herCollege 


t. 


18851  .>f  acalestei*  Co?,  t. 


186P, 
1835 
1881 
1819 
1867 
1862 
1830 
1828 
1857 
18U9 
1857 
1385 
180!) 


.MairluUtan  Coifes**^. . 
.^[arietta  Colleget. .  . 
AEai-quetteUiliV.  (/i). 
.Alaryville  Colleget  C^' 
Mass.  Agri.  Colleget. 
.Ua.ss.  Insr.:T^ch.t.... 
McCoriiiicK  Tb.  Se. . .  ,• 
ilcKendree  Colleget. 
.AIcMiniiville  College+ 
iliami  Uiifvei-sityt . . 
Mich.  Agrr.  Colleget. 
.Mich. Col . of  Miii6s. . . 
Middl-ehLiry  Colleget. 


1887jMi<Haiia  Colleget. 


1><82  .Uillig'au  Colleget. . . . 
1871  Mill?  Col.  &  Seror.t  . . 

18921  .MilKsaps  Collfege 

1867  Milrou  Colleget 

1378  :\Iissis.si ppi  A  .  & IM.  C . 
1826:Mi.ssi.ssippi  College. . 
1889:  Missouri  Val. Col.  t. . . 
1856iMoninou'li  Colleget. 
I854j.vio0i'e's  Hill  Colleget 
1891|M:omingsrdeColleget 
1881! .\f  orris  Bro%va COL  t§.. 
18«7Moiin6  Angfel  College. 
I836hrt.  Holvoke  Colleget. 
1808  Mt.  St. Mafv's College 


ls-16  Mt.  Union  Colleget. . . 
1867  .Muhlenberg  College. . 
1837iMi!.skinguiu  Colleget. 
18921 N.  estate  ]Srorl.&ImJ. 
1888!  Neb.  Wesley  ad  Un.t. 
1856,  Newberry  Colleget.  . . 
1873 New  Orleans  Un.t(Q) 
18'25lNewton Tlieol.  lust... 
1830  New  York  Univ.  (<y)  . 
1856  Niagara  Uiiiversitv. . . 
1889  Nor.C.  A  ir.  &  M.  Arl;s.. 
1870;NonnalColleget....... 

1861!. North  western  Col.t.... 

1851jNorthwe.sterii  Univ.  t 
1865;NOrthwestern  Univ.t 
1819.Norwich  University. 

183,3  Oberlin  College  t 

1887iOccidental  Colleget. 
1870jOhio  Northern  Un.t. 
1870  Ohio  State  Univ.t. . . . 
I804t(jfhio  Universitvt  .... 
1842  Ohio  Weslevan  Univ.t 

1844'oii  vet  Colleget 

1870  Oregon  Agri.  Col.t.. 

18e5!ottawa  Uuiv.t 

lfM7'Ottei-beinUniv.  t  {q) 
18«6lOuachita  Colleget. . . 


Lexington,  KyAy) 
Winchester,  Ky... 

Oanibier,0 

KenkaPai-k.N".  Y. 

iialesburg,  l\\ 

Knoxviile,  Tenti. . 

it^astou ,  Pa 

Painesv'ille, ()..  .. 
Lake  Forest,tll  — 
Greenv/ood*,  S.  C. . 

Cincinnati,  O 

Philadelphia.  Pa'.. 

Appl^fon,  Wis 

'roredo,la 

..ebanon,  O.  ........ 

Annvifh',  Pa .. 

S.  l?ethleh6ui',Pa.. 
Stanford  V^w.,  Cal. 
A'ew  (Jrleans,  La. . 
llopkinton,  Iowa. 
;  i  la.sgo\v,  Ky  ....... 

Liina.O........ 

r.intoiii.  111 

Cn'b'd  Wap.Tenn. 

Galesburg,  111 

lialoii  Koiige.'La. . 

BalLimon'',  Md 

P)ec.oi-ah,  Iowa — 

8£.Panl,Minii 

Manh"nBoVo,N.Y. 

.\*ai*ietta,  O 

'Milwa'ttkee,  Wis. 
.\faryvillo,  Tertu. 
.\  nilVeyst,  ^Malss . . 
Boston,  IMasS 
Chicagov  ril.. 
Leljahoh',  \\\. 
M6Minnyille,Gre 

Oxford,  O 

Bj.  Lansing,  Mich, 
If  oaghton,  Milch . 
Middlebury,  Vt.. 
Atchison,  Kau... 
MiHigan,  Tenn... 
Semi  n'aryPari!:,Caf 

.lacksorr,  Miss. 

Milton,  Wis 

Agrfc'ICoIl.yMiss 

CHntoh,  Mi  vs 

•Mai's hati.  Mo...... 

Monmouth,  111 

Moore's'  Hill,  Ind. 
Sioux  City,  Iowa... 

Atlanta,  Ga; 

Mount  Angel,  Ore. 
!.->.  Hadley,  JMass. . . 
Enamitsbu'rg,  Md 

Alliance,  O 

Alteutowh,  Pa... 
New  Concord,  O. 
Greenboro,  Nt  C 


Denominational 
Coulrol. 


Presideiit  or  Chairman  of  Fiiculty. 


Christian. . 
Meth.  Kp.S 
Prot.  EiDi.s. . . 
No n- Sect.  . . 
Undeuom'l. 
United  Pres. 
Presbyter' n 
Nou-sect . . . 
Undenoni'  1. 
l:^Ieth.  Kp.  S. 
.presbyter'  h 
!a.  Ca;thol'ic. . 
Undftnom'r. 
XJ.  Brethreh. 
Non-Sect . . 
U.  Brethren. 
Non'-Sect . . . 
J^fon'-Sect . . . 

Baptist 

Presbyter' n 

Bauti.st 

Non-Sect... 
Presbvter'n 
Non-Sect... 
Undenoui'I. 
INOD-Sect. .. 

a.  cathorrc. 

Lutheran 

Presbyter' n 
R.  Cat  ho  lie 
:Xon-Sect . 
ifl.  Cath-olite 
;PreSbyter'  n' 
■No  u- sect 
i^oii'-Sect 
.  JPres&ytef'n 
..,..-|!Meth.Eprs.. 

Bajrtist 

Non-Sect . . , 
Non-Sect . . 
UirtJefioni'l. 
Noa-Sect... 
LuUiefau... 
Ch::istiari . . . 
Non-Se6t.  . . 
Meth.  Ep'.  S. 
7  th  Day  Bfip 
Non-Sect. . . 

Bftotist.. 

Pr(isbytef'  n 
United  Pr^. 
Meih.  Epis.. 
Methodist.. 
Methodist . . 
R.  catholic 
Non-Sect . .. 
11.  Cathoifc. 
Meth.  Epis. 
Lnihetah  . . 
U  hi  ted  Pres. 
Non!-Sect 


T.  B.  McCartney ,J  .r.(Ac.Pr.) 
H.  K.  Taylol" 

Rev.W.F.Peii'ce,iMA.,LIID 
Zephaniah'  A .  Space,  M.  A 
Thomas  McClelland.  IJ.  I>. 
Ralph' W.  AfcGranahan.!).  D 
Kev.  E.  1>.  Warfield,  LL.D. . 
Marv  Itvanis,  .\ .M.,  Litt  i).. 
U.S.'Scholie  Nollen,  Ph.  I). 
Bv.  Johil  O  Willson,  U.  I). 
Wm'.  MCRibbin,D'.  D.,LL. D. 


65 


Stn 
Jeuls* 


Uh tve  rsi t y  PI ,  Neb  Met h.  jL\ns. 


Newberry,  S.  C. . 
NewOHeans,.  La 


Newtoha  Cent.  Mas 
New  YorkCitv((/;) 
Niaga;raFaIls,N.Y 
WestKaleis:h,N.C. 
New  York  City.... 

Napefville,  111 

Kvanston,  III.  (h) 
Watertown,  Wis.. 
North  field,  Vt.... 

Oberhn,  O 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

/vud J  yj K ■•■•••■•••■• 

Columbus,  O 

Athens, O 

Delaware,  O 

Olivet,  Mich 

Coi-vallts,  Ore 

Ottawa,  Kdn...... 

Westerville,  O.  ... 

Arkadelphla,Ark, 


Luth6i*an. 
Meth.  Epis. 


Baptist 
Non-Sect  ."^ . 
II.  Catholic:. 
Noti-Sect.   . 
Noti-Sect. 


Sam\ielPlantz,  Ph.IX  .  I).  D. 
C.  J.  Kephart,  A.3L,D.D.. 

Albei^tS.  ilill,  M.  A 

Rev.  Law.  Keisler,,A.  JNI. . . 
I'leupyS.  Drinker,  LL.I)  — 
David"  Si  A'rr  .Jordan,  LL.D. . 

R.  W.  Perkins,  M,A 

Rev.  E.  E.  Reed,  M.  A..  1  >.  D. 
Robert;  £.  Hatton,  A.  M.    . , 

;r.  H.  MCMurray,  'a'U'.'.V.'. 

Wm.  Xj.  Stooksbury 

Lewis  B.  Fisher,D.  D.,LL.D. 
Thos.  D.  Boyd,  A.M.,  LL.D.. 
•Rev.  N. Gt.  Head  Mti'll-au 

t. M.  P^wdgm'an.  A .  B. .  JjL.  D. 

R<  w.  Bro.  Peter,  ?.  S.  C 

Allied  r.  F(?n'y,  A.  M.,D.D. 

.\.  J.  Burrowes,S.  ,f 

Sam uel  'J\  W ilsow.  D.  D. 

Kehyon  L.  Butterfield 

.•VrfhurA.  Noves  (Act.  Pres.) 
Rev.  J.  G.  K.iMcChne,D,D. 
M . fl.  Chaniiyerlih,  LL.D. . . . 

Rev.  L.  W.  ^iley......... 

Guy  P.  Benton, D.l>.,  LL.D. 
,f.  L.  iihy«i}\>.  M.  A. ,  Ph.  D. . 
F.  W.  McNair,  B.  S.,  D.  Sc. . . 
Ezra  Brarnerd,  D'.D.,  LL.  I>. 
:Rev.  M.  F.Troxell,  A.M.  ,D.D 

■••••■■■•-••■•••■•••■••>■•••••      • 

Mrs.CyrhsT.  Mills,  Litt.  D. 
Wm.  li.  Mrtrrah,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
W.  C.  Daland,  A.  1*1. ,  D.  IJ . . . . 

-T.  C.  Hardy,  A.M.,  LL.  D . . . . 

Rv.W.'I'.  Lowrev.D.D.,LL.D 
Wf f  liauT  H.  Black ,  D.  D ..... . 

T.H.  McMicha«l,A.M.,D.D 
Rev.  F.  C.  Erfglish,  D'.D.  . 
W.  S.  Jjfewis,  D.D.,  A.M.    ... 

Rev.  J.  S.  Flipper,  D.  D*.... 

Rev.  F.  Epper....... ........ 

Mary  E.Woolle^''.  M.  A.... . ■ 

Very  Rev.  D.  J.  Flytm,  A.  31 
Albert  B.  Riker,D.p.,A.  M 

John  A-  W.  Haas,  D.  D 

Rev.  J_.  K.  Mohtgoinery.  D.D 

•/ .X.    i?  lltl.*>T.'  ••••■•'  ••••'••■  ■  ■  •'< 

D.  W^.  C.  i  Lnfjftiu-gf Oii,  D'.  D. . . 
J. A.  B.  Schferer,  Ph. D., LL.D 
FredeHc  H.  Kni.ght,Ph.D... 
Rev.  Nathan  E.  Wood,Dfl).. 
H.M.MaCCraCkeh,  Df).,LLf ) 
Very  Rev.  J.  P.Coiifoy,C.  M 
Geo.  T.  Winston,  LL.D 
Joseph  A.  aillet( Act. Prf-s.) 


Evangelical.  TI..T.Ktekhoefef,A.lVI. .Ph.D 
.leih.  Epis  .  Abram  W.  Harris, LL.D  — 

Lutheran.. . .  A.  F.  Ernst,  Ph.D. 

NOli-SeCt . . .  Chas.  H.  SpOoher,  LL.  D 

Non-Sect...  llenr^' C.  King,  D.D 

Presbyter' ft  .John  M.  Jiaer,  LL.  D 

Meth.  Epis.  Rev.  Albert  E.  Smith.  D.D. 
Non-Sect. . .  W.O.Th<)tI(^son,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
Undenoin'  1.  Alston  Ellis,  Ph.  D. ,  LL.D. . 


Meth.  Epis. 
Non-Sect.  .. 
Non-SGct. .. 

Bantist 

U.  Brfethten. 
Baptist 


Rev.  Herbert  Welch,  D,  D 
E.  G.  Lancaster,  A.B.,  A.M. 

Wm^  J.  Kerr,  D.  Sc 

Rev.  H.  E.Price......,,...., 

L.  Boolcwalter,  A.3I.,  JJ.  D. 
Henry  SiihS  HsirtzOg,  LL.  t). 


\  Vot- 

jilint^x  ill 
Liljr.iry 


1.109^  15,000 
17^  3,000 
nil  35,000 
1391  5,000 
700  9,000 
437|  2,800 
30,000 
9,000 
21,150 
4,600 
23,000 


23,312 
4,000 

12,000 
5,000 

88,000 

100,000 

4,000 

5,275 

3,500 

4,000 

6,000 

8,000 

25,-500 

41,000 

8,-500 
11,257 
60.000 
10,500 
12,000 
28,000  ■ 
74,695 
3^1300 
11,050 

4,000 

26.000 
30,000 
21,539 
34,756 
8,000 

8,000' 
6.000 
8,006 
7,414 

15,66o 
8,000 
7,000 
5,200 

20,000 
4,000 

32,500 

10,000 
9,657 

14,000 
4,000 


6,000 

11,000 

5,000 

30,000 

8-l,000 

2«,01H) 

6,024 

9,560 

8,600 

4,<W0 105,000 

2o<»l    7,447 

167   12,500 

1,848177,070 

2,000 

4,000 

73,633 

27,000 

55,000 

22,000 

5,000 

4,400 

11,370 

7.000 


542       tTnive7'sitles  and  Colleges  of  the  United  /States.— Continued. 


i   j.-|        Ci'lleges — 'I'aMe  One. 
2  i  For  f  xpltin.itniii  of  sijjus,  see 
«  -  I  |j:igc  554. 


1849  Pacifio  University  t 

ISTol'ark  C'olleget 

188T  l^iirker  College  t... 
ijiTa  I'iil-SOiisl'olleset  .. 

1875  Heaboily  ("»>!. t  (gj. 

1873  i'ennC(^llesret 

1869  i-Vniisylv;iiiia(  "oliegej 
1332  r'-'nii.sylviiiiiu(  "olleget 
lb6:i  I'eiiiia.  .MilitarjM 'ul.,, 
lah-j  IViiiia.  State  t'oUeget 
18,-7  I'liilauderSiiiiihCul.t 
185-!  l'->lyiecL!iiic  liistitiile. 

18«;  I'oiiioiiu  Culleget 

iHoi  i'otoiuiic  Uiii\er.sit3'  1 

18S7  IMadliistitutel 

IHiV  I're.sbyteriau  C'ol.t 

191I-*  Presbyterian  Col.  t. . . 
1812  Piiiicetoii  Tlieol.  Sera. 
1746;l.*i'iiicelon  University. 

ISo^ji'iileliett  College t 

18711 '-''■"seminar  College  . . 
190(«i!'ro"vkieace  Univ.t... 
18;4  I'lirtlue  Univei-sitj't. . 
18i9  UadclitTe  College  (0  ■  - 
1830  Itundolph- Macon  Col. 
18P3  "  Woman" sCol.... 
182-1  Rensselaer  I'ol  j-.  Inst. 
1832  UichmoudColieget. .. 

1876  Ilio  Grande  Colleget . 

1850  llipon  Colleget 

1853  Hoanoke  Coliego 

1885  Roch.  A. &  .M.Inst  (r). 
185(1  llochpsterTheol.Sem. 

1857  Rock  Hill  Col  lege 

1849  Roi-kfgrd  Colleget 

1885  Rollins  Colleget 

1883  Rose  Poly.  Inst 

176H  Rntgers College 

187o.ScotiaSeminarvt§ 

185tjSetou  Hall  College. . . . 
1865  Shaw  Universit.vt§ 


LoiatiOD. 


1877  Shorter  Colleget 

1827  Shurtleff  Colleget 

1899  Simmons  Colleget 

1867  Simpson  Colleget 

1875  Smith  Colleget 

1859  S'  th'  n  Bap.Th.  Sem.t. 
1856;Soutliern  University K 
1891  Southern  N'  m'  1  Ui  li.t 


1875; 
1887 
1830 
1866 


Sontlnve'nPres.  Liniv. 
Southwest  Kansas  G.t 
Spring  Hill  College 
State  College  of  Ky.t 


1847|State  Tniv.  of  lowat. 


1879 
1903 
1889 
1891 
1858 


StateUn.  ofKy.t§ 
St.  Angela  Colleget. . . 
St.  A nselm'  s  College. . 

St.  Bede  College 

St.  Benedict's  College. 


1848  St. Charles  College . 


Stevens  Inst,  of  Tech. 
St.  Francis  Xavier  C. . 
St.  .Tohn'.s  College  . . . 
St.  .lohn'  s  College 


1871 
1847 
1789 
1866 
1857  St.  John's  Universitj* 


1856  St.  Lawrence  Univ.  t. . 
1828St.  Louis  University.. 
1848St.  Marv's College.. 
1821  St.  Mary's  College. . 

1874  St.  Olaf  Colleget 

1860 St. Stephen's  College. 
1865St.  Vincent's  College. 
1858Su.siiuehaima  X'niv.t. 
1869Swarthniore  Col.  t  {(j  i 
1870|Svracuse  Universityl . 

1866  'I"^abor  Col  leget 

1867  TalladegaCollegetCc). 

18831  rarklo  Colleget 

1846;Tavlor  ITniversitvt.  . 
1888|Teacher.s'  Colleget  (d) 

1884'1'eniule  Col  leget 

1873  Texa.'i  Christian  Un.  t 
ISWiThroop  Puly.  lust.t . . 


Forest  (i  rove.  Ore. 
Park vi lie.  Mo... 
Winnebago,  iVliun. 
Fairtield,Iowa... 
Nashville,  'I'enn. . 
i)skaloosa,  Iowa.. 

I  Pittsburgh,  Pa 

i^ettysburg,    Pa.. 

Chester.  Pa 

State  College,  Pa. . 
Little  Rock,  Ark.. 
Brookljn,  N.  V.. . 

Clareniont,  Cal 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.... 

Clinton,  S.  C 

Enstis,  Fla 

Princeton,  N.  J. . . 
Princeton,  N.  J. . . 

t;iasgow.  Mo 

l-;imhiirst.  111 

>)ak  Hill,  O 

Lal'ayette,  ind 

Cambridge,  Mass. 

Ashland,  Va 

Lynchburg,  Va  — 

Troy,  N.  Y 

Elichiuond,  Va 

Rio  Grande,  O 

Ripon,  Wis 

Salem,  Va 

Rocliester,  N.  Y'. . 
Rochester,  N.  Y.. 
Ellicott  City,  Lid. 

Rockford,  HI 

Winter  Park,  Fla. 
Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
X.  Brunswick,  N.  J 
Concord,  N.  C.  ... 
South  Orange,  N.J. 

Raleigh, N.  C 

Rome,  Ga 

Upper  Alton,  IIL. 

Boston,  Mass 

Indianola,  Iowa  . . 
N'hampton.Mass. 

Louisville,  Ky 

Greensboro' ,  Ala. . 
Hunting  ton.Teun. 
Clarksville,  Tenn. 

Winfield,  Kan 

Mobile,  Ala 

Lexington,  Ky.... 
Iowa  City,  Iowa.. 

Loui-sville,  Ky. 

NewRochelle,X.Y" 
Manchester,  N.  H. 

Peru,  111 

Atchison,  Kan 

Ellicott  Cit.y,Md.. 

Hoboken,  N.  .1 

Mauh'uBoro.N.Y. 

.A.nnapolis,  Md 

Washmgton,I).C.. 
Collegeville,jMinn. 
Y 


Denomin.itional 
Control. 


Canton,  N. 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Mary's,  Kan. . 

St.  Llar.v,  Ky 

Xorthfleld,  "jMinn 
Annandale,  N.  Y. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Selinsgrove,  Pa.  . 
Swart hmore.  Pa. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y... 

Tabor,  Iowa 

Talladega.  Ala. .. 

Tarkif),  Mo 

irulaiid,  Ind 

^[•lnh'nBoro,N.Y 
l^liiludelphia.  Pa. 

Waco,  Te.x 

IPa^adeua,  Cal.... 


Congregat'l. 
Non-Sect . . . 
Free  Baptist 
Presbyter"  11 
2son-Sect . . . 

Friends  

Undenoni'l. 

Lutheran 

Non-Sect . . . 
Non-Sect . . . 
Meth.  Epis.. 
Non-Sect. .. 
Uudeuom'l. 
Undenoin'l. 
Non-Sect.  . . 
Presbyter'  u 
Presbyter'  n 
Presbyter'  n 
Non-Sect. .. 
Non-Sect... 
P^  van  gel  i  cal 
Non-Sect. . . 
Non-Sect . . . 
Non-Sect . . . 
Ind'pd'tBd. 
Ind'pd'tBd. 
Non-Sect . . . 

Baptist 

Free  Bapt . . 
Non-Sect . . . 

Lutheran 

Non-Sect... 

Baptist 

R.  Catholic. 
Non-Sect.  .. 
Non-Sect.... 
Non-Sect.  . . 
Non-Sect... 
Presbyter' n 
R  Catholic. 

Baptist 

Baptist 

Baptist 

Non-Sect. . . 
Meth.  Kpis. 
Undenom'L 

Baptist 

Meth.  Ep.  S. 
Non-Sect. . . 
Presbyter'  n 
Meth.  Epis.. 
R.  Catholic. 
Non-Sect... 
Non-Sect . . . 

Baptist 

B.  Catholic. 
R.  Catholic. 
R.  Catholic. 
R.  Catholic. 
R.  Catholic. 
Non-Sect. .. 
R,  Catholic. 
Non-Sect.  .. 
R.  Catholic. 
R.  Catholic. 
Univorsalist 
R.  Catholic. 
R.  Catholic. 
R.  Catholic. 
Lutheran  ... 
Plot.  Kpis.. 
R.  Catholic. 
Lutheran. . . 

Frieniis 

Non-Sect.  . 
Congregat'l. 
C%)ngregat'l. 
Un.  Presb. . . 
iVreth.  Epis.. 
Noii-Seet . . . 
Un  leuom'l. 

IJisciples 

Nou-Sect. .. 


Prrsiilent  or  Oiairir.an  of  Kai'iillv.     i   i 


I 

Win.  N.  Ferrin.  A.M.,  LL.  U,  21 

Lowell  M.  Mc.Alee,  LL.  D.    .  27. 

E.  W.  Van  Akeii,  A  M 13 


James  J),  i'orter,  LL.J) 

A.  Ko.senbeiger,  A.J>.,LL.B. 


S.  G.  Helelbower,  D.  i).. 
Edwin  Erie  Sparks 


35 
19 


19 

104 


Rev.  James  M.  Co .X.  D.D.. 
Fred' k  W.Atkinson.  Ph.D. 
Geo.  A.  Gates,  IJ.]>.,LL.  D. 
Ernest  W.  Porter,   Ph.D.. 

Charles  M.  Pratt.  A.  M 

Robert  Adams,  IX  D 

F.'  L.'  Patton,"  i3.D.','LL.  1)! ". ". '. 
WoodrowWilson,LL.D,LtD 

U,  S.  Hall,  A.M 

Rev.  1).  Irion,  D.D 

(lieo.  J.  Jones,  Ph.  D.,  D.D 

W.  E.Stone,  LL.D 

Le  Baron  R.  Briggs,  LL.  D. 
R.E.Blackwell,  A.M.,LL.D. 
Wm.  W.  Smith.  A.INL,  LL.D. 
Palmer  C.  Ricketts.  C.  E  . . . . 
FWBoat\vright,M.A.,LL.D. 
Rev.  J.  M.  Davis, D.D., Ph.D. 
R.  C.  Hughes,  A.M.,  D.D... 
J.  A.  Morehead,  A.M.,I).  D. 
L.  P.Ross(Pres.Bd.  Direct.). 
Rev.  A.  H.  Strong,  D.  D.... 
Rev.  Bro.  Abraham.F.  S.  C. 

Julia  H .  Gulliver,  Ph.  D 

W.  F.  Blackman,  Ph.  I) 

C.Leo  Mees.Ph.D 

Rev.W.  U.S.  DemarestD.  D. 
Rev.  D.  J.  Sattertield,  D.  D.. 
Rev.  James  F.Mooney.  D.D. 
Charles F.  Meserve,  LL.  D.. 


J.  D.  S.  Riggs.  Ph.D.,L.H.D, 
H.  Lefavour,  Pli.  D.,LL.  D. . . 
Charles  E.  Shelton,  A.M.... 
L.  Clark  Seelye,D.D.,  LL.D, 
E.Y\Mullins,D.D.,LL.D.... 
Rev.  S.  M.  Hosmer,  D.  I).  . 
W.  R.  Richardson,  A.  M 


F.  E.  Mossman 

F.  X.  Twellmeyer,  S.  J 

James  K.  Patterson,  LL.  D. 
George  E.  MacLean,  LL.D.. 

J.  R  L.  Diggs,  Ph.  D 

Rev.  M.  C.  C  Farrell 


Rt.  Rev.  L.  Schnerr,O.S.  B. 


Rev.  F.X.  McKeniiy,  A.IVI. . . 
A.C.Humphrevs.Sc.  D.LL.D 
Rev.Thos.  J.McClnskev.  S.  J 
Thomas  Fell,  Ph.D., LL.D.. 
Bro.  Germanus,  F.  S.  C 


Rev.  Almon  Gunnison,  D.D. 

Rev.  W.B.Rogers,  S.J 

Rev.  A.  A.  Breen.S.  J 

Rev,  ISr.  .Taglowicz.C.R 

Rev.  JohnN.  Kildahl 

(ieo.  B.  Hopson  ( Act.  W'd'n) 


Rev.  Chas.  T.  Aiken.s.  A.  M . . 
Jo.seph  Swain,  M.S..  LL.  D. . 
Rev.  J.R.  I  )ay,  S.T.  D. ,  LL.  I). 


I  M.  P.Metcalf  (Act.  I'res.). 
Kev.  J.  A.  TJiompson,  D.D. 


21 
84 
34 
15 

146 

8 

'ie 

163 

10 

8 

15 

125 

112 

,16 

33 

40 

18 

12 

24 

16 

61 

12 

16 

25 

20 

21 

35 

19 

18 

28 


14 

61 

22 

102 

9 

13 

20 


Stu 

dents  ' 


18 
28 
52 
150 
60 
25 


18 
30 
33 
13 
14 


34 
164 

86' 

12| 

28 

9 


23 

30 

220 


VoU 
iiines  ia 
Library 


231  14,700 
364'  16.000 
240     ?..bWi 

94J  20,000 


nj 


301 

i,'(49 
661 
770 
463 
160 

3,719 
111 

"m 

1,311 
128 
130 
457 

1,820 
468 
150 
385 
591 
295 
166 
245 
224 

3,190 
144 
175 
192 
200 
242 
260 
282 
201 
526 

"260 
531 
929 

1,477 
294 
176 
300 

"467 
231 
900 

2.072 
350 
205 


16       176 


6.W0 
.30,»iOO 

27,000 
3,500 
9,000 
8,378 
5.000 

89,196 
2,250 

278.000 

20.000 

3,500 

3,000 

4,450 

18,534 

21,900 

15,000 

5,500 

7,741 

15,000 

3,200 

18,00G 

24,(t00 

2,000 

34,770 

10,000 

6,000 

2,000 

12,000 

51,920 

3,000 

25,000 

5,089 

13,660 

7,050 
5,103 
7,000 

23,000 
8,200 

10,000 

5,660 
30,000 

4,500 

65,000 

700 

20,000 

8,660 


2.35  16,000 
4.31  8.500 
575105,970 
200]  8,500 
1451    5,0!:0 


5421 
840 
383 
141 
475 
00. 


35,000 
55,000 
21,400 
4,500 
5.000 
18,860 


3:5 
25 


Ja-s.  E.  Rii.ssell.  Pli.l).(l)eaii)Y7174 
Riis.H.  Com  well.  D.D  ,LL.  I ). '  220 
Clinton[iOckliart,A,M.,PhD|  30 
Arthur H.  Chamberlain.... |    33 


240  12,000 

307!  24,946 

3,200;  90,000 


613 

3:^6, 


1,200 
2,481 


3.992,  Sli.im 

3,440     5,100 

344!    6,000 

3651    6,000 


Universities  and  Colleges  of  the  United  /States.— Continued.      543 


»i 
5- 

i?94 

1823 
189, 
ISoH 
1869 
1852; 
18451 
1881  i 
1858 
1891 
1873 
1836 
1S46 
1831 
1891 
1871 
1868 
1867 
1891 
1870 
1877 
1864 
1905 
1785 
1889 
1867 
1866 
1846 
1865 
1837 
1869 
1839 
1895 
1785 
1869 
1874 
1891 
1789 
1884 
1842 
1892 
1880 
1876 
1851 
1740 
1903 
1850 
1880, 
1805 
1882 
1868 
1794 
1883 
1850 
1791 
1810 
1862 
1S4S 
1866 
1886' 
1857 

1893; 

186;) 
1869 
1802 
1845 
1«88 
187:5 
1872 
18in 
15  (J 
ISC') 
1903 
1«39 
1872 
1S32 
1S'.> 
1SS6 
ISoo 
18')2 
1749 
1782 
1795 


Colleges — Table  One. 

For  explaii.ition  of  signs,  s«« 

page   654. 


iTome  Iiistitutet 

Trinity  College 

'rrinitj-  CoUeget 

Trinity  College  t 

rrinily  I'nivereityl . . . 

Tufts  CoUeget 

I'ulane  Univ.t 

I'liskegee  Institutet§. 
UnionCiiris'  n  Col.t.. 

Union  Colleget 

Union  College 

Union  Tlieol.  Sem.t.. 
Union  Universityt. 
Univ.  of  Alabamat  . 
Univ.  of  .A.rizonat ... 
Univ.  of  Arkansast. . . 
Univ.  ol  Calirorniut. . . 
Univ.of  Cluittanoogat 

Univ.  of  Cliicagot 

Univ.of  Cincinnatit.. 
Univ.  of  Coloradot  . .. 

Univ.  of  JJenvert 

Univ.  of  Florida 

Univ.  of  Georgia  (.n) . . 

Univ.  of  Idahot 

Univ.  of  Illinoist 

Univ.  of  Kansast 

Univ.  of  Louisvillet.. 

Univ.  of  iVfainet 

Univ.  of  Micbigaut. . . 
Univ.  of  Minnesotat. . 

Univ.  of  Missourit 

Univ.of  Montana! 

Univ.  of  Nasliville1"(g') 
Univ.of  Nebraskat... 

Univ.  of  Nevadat 

Univ.of  X.  :Nrexicot". .. 
Univ.  of  X.Carolina. .. 
Univ.  of  N.  Dakotat. 
Univ.  of  Notre  J3anie. 
Univ.  of  Oklabomat. . 

Univ.  of  Oniahat 

Univ.  of  Oregon  f 

Univ.of  tbe  Pacifict. . . 

Univ.  of  Peinia 

f'niv.  of  Porto  Ricof. 
Univ.  of  Kocliestert.. 

Univ  of  S.  Cal.t 

Univ.  of  S.  Carolinat.. 
Univ.  ofS.  JJakotat... 
Univ.  of  tbe  Soutb  ... 
Univ.of  T('nnesseet(f) 

Univ.  of  Texas t 

Univ.of  Utaht 

Univ.  of  Verniontt  . . . 

Univ.  of  Virginia 

Univ.  of  VVasbingtont 
Univ.  of  Wisconsint. . 
Univ.of  Woostert  ... 
Univ.of  AVyoniingt.. 
Upper  Iowa  Univ.  t. . . 

Up.Siila  Colleget 

Urbana  Univer.slti't. . 

Ursiuus  Colleget 

U.S.  Mil.  Academy. 
U.  S.  Naval  Ac.adeniy 
rt.ih  Airri.  Collo-et.. 

ValparaisoUiiiv.  t 

Vamlerbilt  Univ.t.... 

V;!-s:irC.)lleget 

VUanova 

Vi:icf  nues  Univ.  t 

Virginia  Cbris.  Col.t. 

Virginia  Mil.  Iijst 

Virginia  Polv.    Inst.. 

Wabash  College 

NVake  Forest  College. 

NVal.lon  Univ  § 

Washbnrn  Collegft  .. 
Wasli.  &.refTei'sonCol. 
Wa-^l).  &  r>pe   I'niv. .. 

Wasbnigton  Col.  1 

Wa.sbiuglou  CoUejfet. 


Location. 


Denominational 
Control. 


Port  Deposit,  Md..iNon-sect... 

Hartford,  Ct ]Noii-Sect.  .. 

Washington,  D.  C.  R.  Catholic  . 

Dnrhani,  N.   C Meth.  Ep.S. 

Waxabachie,  Tex.  I  Presbyter' n 

Medford,  Mass.  (e^lNon-Sect 

New  Orleans,  La. .  Non-Sect. ... 

Tiiskegee,  Ala. Non-Sect . . . 

Meroni,  lud Christian  . .. 

College Vie\v,Neb.  Adventist... 
Schenectady, N.  Y.  Undenoni'  1. 
ManhiiBoro..N.  Y  Indepeud' t. 

Jackson,  Tenn Baptist 

Tuscaloosa,  .A.la.t4:  Nou-Sect . . . 

Tucson,   Ariz Non-Sect. . . 

Fay'teville,Ark.(£)'  Non-Sect. .. 

Berkelev,  Cal Non-Sect . . . 

Ch't'u'ga,Tenu.tt  Meth.  Epis.. 

Cbicago,    111 Non-Sect.(0 

Cincinnati,  O Non-Sect ... 

Boulder,    Col Non-Sect... 

Univ.  Park,  Col. ..  Meth.  Epis. 

(Gainesville,  Fla. 

Athens,  Ga Non-Sect . . . 

.Moscow,  Idaho Non-Sect . . . 

Urbana,  111.  (r)  ....  Nou-Sect  . . 
r^awrence,  Kan. . .  Non-Sect . . . 

r^ouisville,  Ky Non-Sect. . . 

Orono,  Me Nou-Sect... 

-Vnn  Arbor,  Mich.  Non-Sect  .. 
-Minneapolis,  Minn  Non-Sect ... 
Columbia,  Mo. (kj.  Non-Sect    .. 

Missoula,  Mont Non-Sect... 

Xasbville,    Tenn. .  Non-Sect    .. 

Lincoln,  Neb Non-Sect    .. 

Reno,  Nev Nou-Sect.  .. 

.Albuqnerque,N  M  Xon-Sect  ... 
Cbapel  Hill,  N.  C.  Non-Sect... 
(irand Forks, N.D.  Undenom'l. 
Xotre  Dame,  Ind.  R.  Catholic 

Xorman,    Okla Nou-Sect.  .. 

Omaha,  Neb Presbyter' n 

Kugene,  Ore Non-Sect... 

■^an.Iose,  Cal Meth.  Epis. 

Pbiladelpbia,  Pa. .  Xoji-Sect . . . 
Rio  Piedras,  P.  R.  Xon-.Sect. . . 
Rochester,  N.  Y. .  Xon-Sect... 
Los  Angeles,  Cal..  Meth.  Epis. 

Columbia, S.C Undenom'l. 

Vermillion, S.  Dak.  Non-Sect. .. 
Sewanee,  Teuu...Prot.  Epis.. 
Knoxville,  Tenn. .  Nou-Sect  . . . 
-Vustin,  Tex.  (s). . .  Non-Sect . . . 
Salt  Lake  City,U. .  Non-Sect . . . 

Burlington,  Vt .Xon-Sect... 

(Charlottesville,  Va  -N'ou-Sect . . 

Seattle,    "\Va.sh Xon-Sect  . . . 

Madison,  Wi.s .Xon-Sect . . . 

Wooster,  O Presbyter' n 

Laramie,  Wj'o Xon-Sect.. 

Fayette,  lowju Meth.   Epi.s. 

Ivenilworth,  N.  J..  Lutheran   . . 

Urbana,  O X.  Jerusa'  ni 

Collegeville,  Pa  ..  ReL  in  U.S. 
West  Point,  N.  Y.  Non-Sect. 7. 

.Annapolis,  Md Non-Sect . . . 

Logan,  Utab Xon-Spct  . . . 

Valparaiso,  Ind. . .  Xon-Sect. . . 
Nasbvillp,  Tenn..  Meth.  Kp.  S. 
Pon  ,^bke('i)sie,X.  Y  Non-Sect  ... 

Villano\  a.  Pa R.  Catholic- 

Vincennes.  Ind... .  Non-Sect.  . . 
r^yiicliburg,  Va   ..  Disciples..  .. 

rie.\ington,    Vu Xon-Spct.... 

Blacksbnrg.  Va. . .  Xon-Scct... 
Crawf  rdsville,rnd!Xon-Scct . . . 

Wake  Forf^t,  X.  C.j  Baptist 

Nashville,  Tcuu. .  .p.felb.   Epis. 

Topeka,  Kan \\ ndopend' t . 

Washington,    Pa  .iXon-soct.  . . 

r,'"xington,  Va 'Xon-Scrt.  . 

Cb«'si(''rto\vn,  ^Fd.  [Xon-Sect.  . 
Wash'  u  Cul.,  Teun'Non-Sect. . . 


President  or  Chairman  of  Faculty. 


Francis  Ransom  Lane 

F.  S.  Luther,  LL.  I) 

Sister  Georgiana,  S.  N.  D 

John  C.  Kilgo,  D.  D.,  A.M. 


F.  W.  Hamilton,  D.D.,LL.l) 
Edwin  B.  Craighead, LI.,.  D 
Booker  T.  Washington,  A.M. 

O.  B.  Whitaker 

Chas.  C.  Lewis,  M.S 

Rev.  G.  Alexander,  D.  D. . . 
Rev.  C.  Cutbbert  Hall,D.  D. 
John  W. Conger,  A.M.,LL.D 
John  W.Abercrombie,LL.  D 
K.  C.  Babcock,  Ph.  D.,  A.M. . 

John  X'.  Tillman,  LL.D 

Benj.  Ide Wheeler,  LL.D.... 

Rev.  J.  H.  Race,  D.D 

Harry  P.  Judson 

Chas.  Wm.  Dabney,  LL.D.. 
Jas.  H.  Baker,  M.  A., LL.D.. 
H.  A.  Buchtel,D.  D.  ,LL.  D. 
Andrew  Siedd,  LL.  D, 

D.  C.  Barrow,  A.M 

James  A.  MacLean.  Ph.  D- . 

E.  J.  James,  Ph.  D.  ,LL.  D. . . 
F.Strong,A.B.,A.M..Ph.  D. 
J.  C.  Willis, Phd.,  M.  D... 

G.  E.  Fellows,  Ph.  D.,LL.D 

James  B.  Angell,  LL.D 

Cyrus  Northrop,  LL.D 

Pilchard  Henry  Jes.se,  LL.  D. 
Oscar  J.  Craig,  A.M..  Ph.D.. 

James  D.  Porter,  LL.D 

E.  Benj.  Andrews, LL.D 

J.E.  Stubbs,D.D.  ,LL.D.,M.  A 


Stii- 


Vol- 


denU'VT"" 
Library 


Francis  P.  Venable,Ph.  D.  . . 
Webster  Merrifield,M.A. . . 
Rev.  J.  Cavanaugh,  C. S.C. 
David  R.  Bovd,  A.  M..Ph.  D. 
G.  W.  Wadsworth,  D.  D.... 
Prince  L.  Campbell,  B.  A.  .. 

r^I. S.Cross  (Act.Pres.) 

Chas.  C.  Harrison, LL.D 

E.  G.  Dextpr,  Ph.  D.  (Chan. ) 
liush  Rhees,  D.  D.,  LL.D. . . . 
Geo.  F.  Bovard.  A.  INL,  D.  D. 

Benjamin  Sloan,  LL.D 

Franklin  B.  Gault.Ph.  D.... 
B.  L.  Wiggins,  M.  A., LL.D.. 
Brown  Ayres.  Ph.D.. LL.D.. 

David  F.  Houston 

J.  T.  Kingsl)nry,Ph.D.,D.Sc 

Mat.  H.  Buckham,D.D 

E.A.Aldernian,D.C.L.LL.D 

Thos.  F.  Kane,-  Pb.  D 

Cha.s.  R.  Van  Hise.  Ph.D. .. . 
Rev.  Louis  E.  Holden,  D.D.. 
Fred'k  M.  Tisdel,  Ph.  D... 
W.  A.  Sbanklin,LL.D.,D.D. 

Rev.  L.  H.  Beck.  Ph,D 

Rv.  Fk.  A.  Gustafson(Chr.) 
Rev.  A.  E.  Keigwin,  D.D  . . . 
Col.H.L.Scott,U.S.  A.Supt. 
Capt. C.J.  Badger,!'.  S.N..Spt 
JollnA.Wi(ltsoe,A.:^^.,Ph.D 

Henrv  B.  Brown,  A.M 

J.  H.I^irkland,LL.I).,D.  C.  L. 
Jas.  M.  Tavlor,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

Rev.  L.  A .  I )elurev.  D.  I) 

IForace  Ellis,  A.M.  ,Ph.  D.. 

Jospplins  Hopwood,  A.M  ... 

K.  M'.  Nicbol.s,  (.Act.Supt.) 

!P.  B.Barringer,M.D.,LL.D. 

(i.  \j.  Mackintosh.  D.  D 

Wm.    I,.    Poteat,  Lf,.  D 

'Rev..L.\.Knmler,A.M.,D.  I'. 
Xorman  Pla-^s.M.  A..  J>.  D. 
Rev.  Jas.  D.  :Motrat,  D.  D.. 
;(4eo.  H.  Denny,LL,  D.  ,Ph.D. 

James  W.  <  ain.LL.  D 

iRev.  Jas.  T.  Cooler,  D.  D.. 


54' 

2o 
3<l 
■37 
14 

208 

150 

1171 

13 

301 

28; 

21 
15 
46 
35 
100 
400 
57 


135 
115 

175 
15 

169 

34 

430 

118 

100 

73 

338 

320 

149 

26 

66 

235 

30 


80 
63 
82 
40 
20 
95 
22 

400 
18 
23 

1x9 
25 
50 
4 

115 

140 

6m 
74 
84 
92 

35» 
35 
25 
24 
11 
7 
19 
88 
98 
55 

165 

111 
95 
31 
16 
15 
21 
56| 
20 
31 
70 

106! 

30 

32 

11 

9 


7021 

213 

247 

260 

300 

1,120 

L81(l 

1,64« 

100] 

420' 

256 

182, 

230 

471| 

215; 

1,80(1 

3  122 

726 

5.070 

1,374 

950 

1,300 

100 

2,491 

425 

4,600 

2,000 

800 

725 

4.746 

4,400 

2.221 

392 

1,457 

3,130 

308 

775 

1.000 
8511 
700 
175 
734 
261 

4.384 
419 
370 

1,260 
285 
336 
513 
750 

2,  290 
831 
532 
800 

1.530 

4,0(10 
613 
243 
534 
75 
45 
23.T 
442 
852 
716 

5,141 
8H4 

1,0! '0 
376 
264 
221 
31(i 

5;;(t 

320 
371 
923 
720 
425 
450 
141 
138 


lil,0(M) 

53.(HMJ 

14,000 

35,00<) 

5,000 

.56.15rt 

38,300 

12,600 

4.000 

2,000 

39.(;00 

86.245 

8000 

I  25,(JOO 

11,000 

I  15.(J00 

165,000 

10,(K)0 

461.38.5 

100,000 

40,000 

10,000 

6,000 

50,(J00 

15,000 

101,481 

55,000 

50.000 

34,000 

223,000 

115,000 

1  78,190 

21,000 

20,000 

72,445 

28,135 

50,660 

30,000 

55,ti00 

15,000 

6,000 

20,000 

9,000  ' 

!72.O00 

3,000 

48,000 

10,000 

3><,000 

12,256 

27,705 

26,000 

60.000 

27.725 

74.798 

70,000 

28,904 

122,000 

27.000 

21,000 

14,000 

1,100 

7,000 

14,000 

67,0(K) 

48.326 

16,903 

12.000 

.35,000 

60,0(10 

8.000 

3,000 

I.21O 

l.S.OOO 

10.000 

45,5(10 

18,000 

6,  r.95 

12. .500 

20,000 

50.!I00 

4,0(10 

4,000 


544         UidversUles  and  Colleges  of  the  United  States —Continued. 


i: 

1892 
18u7; 
18-ao: 
1875, 

1868' 
1836 

ia;ii| 

18551 
18t)7 
l*i26, 
18J5 
1787 
18^ 
WWl 
1853 
1853. 
1867, 
1860 
1859! 
18;A0. 
1856, 
187y, 
18-14, 
169;{, 
1819 
1793 
1875 
1869' 
1815 
1854; 
1888 
1865, 
1701 
18S1 
1890i 


Polleges — Table  One. 
Kor  explanation  of  signs,  see- 
page 554. 


\V'ash.  StateX'ol.t 

WasJUiugtQn  Uuiv.  t. . 
Wayuesburg  CoUeget 
Wellesley  C^ollegeJ. . . 

Wells  CoUege4... 

Wesilej'au  i<'euialo  CqI 

Wesleyau  Univ.  t 

West.  Col.  fof  Women 
\\'est.  jJ^Iarylftnd  Ct- . 
West.Ueserve  Uuiv.i^o 
Western  Theol.  yem.. 
West.  Un.of  Peun.t . . 
WestlieW  CoUeget... 
West  Lafayette  CqI.  t 
Westminster  Oalleire 
Westminster  Col.t.  .. 
West  Virginia  Uniy.  \ 
Whefvtou  (Jo^'-^^'^t  — 
Wliitnian  CoUeget.... 
Wliitworch  OoUeget.- 
Wilberlorce  Uii. t5.;.. 
Wiley  I'u'versUi'ti.. 
WiUamette  Univ. t.  •■ 

William  &  Kary  C 

William  .leweU  Cal.. 

W'll'ii'iis  College 

Wilmington  CoUeget. 

Wilson  Oollegej 

Wittenberg  College  t. 
WoOord  t-'oUege..   .... 

W'Qruaa's  Cqlleget 

Worcester  Pol  J'.  Jn§t. 

Yale  Uniyersi  t  y 

Yaniftoij  CoUeget 

Yorlt  CoUeget- ■'■ 


Location. 


I'ullmau,  Wash... 
St.  Loui.s,   Mo  . . . 
Way  uesbu  rg.  Pa . . 
Wellesley,  Mas.s.. 

Aurora,  2f.  Y 

Macon,  Qa ,.. 

Mlddletown;  Ct.  . . 
Qxlord,  a......... 

Westminster,  Md. 

Cleveland,  O 

Allegheny,  Pa.... 
Pittsburgii,  Pa.  (?n) 

Wesifield.  Ill 

WestLafayette,  O. 

Fultou,  Mo. 

X  Wilmington, Pa 
.Morgailt'u,  W.Va 

Wlienton,    111 

Walla  Walla,  Wu. 
racotiia.  Wash.... 
WUberiorce,  O.... 

ilar.sliall,  Tex 

Salem,  Ore 

Williamsburg,  Va 

Liberty,  Mo ... 

Williamst'  u.  Mass 
Wilmington,'  Q". . . . 
Clii^mhersburg,  Pa 
:^l)rniglield,  Q. ..." 
^jpartanburg,  S.  (J. 

Baltimore,  :Sld 

Worcester,  Mass. 
New  Haven,  Ct..  i 
Yankton,  S,  nak..l 
York,   Neh I 


Denominational 
"Control. 


Non-Sect... 
:s'QQ-Sect.  .. 
Presbyter' u 
Non-Sect.  .. 
Non-Sect.  .. 
Meth.  Kp.S. 
Meth.iipis. . 
Non-Sect. .. 
Meth.  Prot. 
Non-Sect.  . . 
Pxesbyter'u 
Non-Sect ... 
U.  Brethren 
Metb.  Prot. 
Presbyter' n 
United  Pres. 
Non-Sect.  . . 
Congregat'  1 
Undenom'l. 
Presbyter'h. 
Meth.  Epis. . 
Meth.  Epis.. 
Meth.  Kpis  . 
Non-Sect... 

Baptist 

Non-Sect.  .. 

Friends 

Presbyter-  n 
Lutheran. .. 
Luth.  Meth. 
IMeth.  Epis. . 
iNon-sect... 
Non-Sect . . . 
Congregat' 1. 
U. Brethren. 


President  or  Ch»imian  o^  Facqlty , 


Enoch  A.  Bryan,  LL.IJ 

MaVsholls.Snowf  Act.Clian. 
.lacobV.  Kucher(Act  Pres.) 
Caroline  Hazard, M.  A., Jvit.  1) 
Uev.G.M.  Ward,D.D. ,  LL.l:). 

f  Ju  Pont  Guerry .......'. 

B.  P,  llaymond,  D.D.  ,LL.  D. 
Mary  A.Sawyer(Act.Pres.) 
Uev.Thomas  H.  Lewis,  J).  I). 
Charles  F.  Thwing,  J).  I). . . . 
kev.'Uavid  Gregg,  DJ),  LL.IJ 
S.  B.McCormick,I).J).,LL.l). 
Rev.  B.  E.  Jjoiigherty,  A.  M. 
.lames  H.  Straiighn,  A.  M.. 
David  R.  Kerr,  PJi.  Jx,  J).  J).. 
Rohert  McW.  Russell,  D.D. 
U  B.Puriuton,  Ph.D.,LL.l) 
Charles  A.  Blauchard,  J).  D. 
Flev.  8.  B.  L.  Penrose,  D.  D. 
Rev.  B.  H.  Kroeze,  A.M... 
.loshua  H.Jones.  A. :\1., D.D. 
llev.  M.  W.  Dogan,  Ph.D.  .. 

.lohn  H.  Coleman, D.D 

Lyoii  G.  Tvler,M.  A.,LL.  D. 
.lohn  P.  Greene,D.  D.  ,LL.  D. 
Henry  Hopkins, D.D„LL.D. 
Albert  J.  Brown,  A.  M... 
M.  H.  Reaser,  Ph.Dl ,  A.  M... 
Chas.  a.  Heclcert,  D.D.  .... 

Henry  N.  Snj'der,  M.  A 

.r.  F.  Goucher.D.D.,  LL.D... 
E.  A.Eiigler.  Ph.D., LL.D. .. . 
Arthur  T.  Hadley,  LL.  D... 
Rev.  Henry  K.  Warren, M.  A . 
VVm.  E.  Scliell,  A.M.,  D  D. 


IT) 

260 
18 
991 
24 
33 
34 
27 
22 

131 
10 

100 

12 

9 

14 

26 
80 
19 
34 
22 
32 
24 
At 
25 
40 
^7 
11 
35 
30 
1 

25 
45 
390 
2^ 
17 


Stu- 
lents ' 


Vol- 
umes in 
Library 


I,10(( 

•  34:i 

1,209 
169 
474 
310 
245 
250 
d{)7 
73 

1,050 

l:il 

66 

180 

262 

1,5;34 
341 
456 
275 
400 
650 
573 
235 
500 
472 
150 
344 
404 
290 
340 
465 

8,300 
299 
505 


lo.OfJO 

60,000 

5,000 

61,761 

15,181 

3,000 

76.000 

13,143 

7.500 

89,900 

32.0(i0 

6,000 

3,000 

2,500 

6,100 

8,000 

25,(100 

3,000 

14,{;00 

3.000 

10,000 

6.200 

7,000 

15,000 

21,000 

59,600 

3,500 

8,000 

16,000 

17.000 

10,388 

11,500 

lOO.OOO 

8,000 

2.500 


TABLE    fWO-COAflMENpEMENT    DAYS,    GRADUATES,    ETC. 


Coi.i.ko:k.s.  I       Com- 

Forexpl;ination  of  signs,  see   ijience'uieiit 
'pa'se  554.  1  Hay,  I3li8, 


Adelpbi  College t.  •  ..i-l^ line  1. .. 
Ag.  &Mech.CoLof  T.  j.iunfe  9. . . 
Alabama  Poly.  liist.t  -'une  3. . . 

Albion  CoUeget Iune24  .. 

Alfred  Univer.sityt..  .June  4... 
Allegheny  CoUeget..  .innelS. .. 
AlmaCoUegpt.  ......  Juiiel8. .. 

American  Int'l  Col.t  .Tune  10... 

AmherstCoUege .lune  24. . . 

AndoverTlieo  Sem.  .Time  1... 

Antioch  College^ .Time  17. . . 

Arkansas  Collegpt...  June  10  .. 
Armour  Inst.  Tech. . .  June  4. . . 
Atlanta  Oniyer.sityt.'Jfay  28... 
Auburn  Thepl.Spm.  .iiltiy  7... 
Augsburg  Seminary.. iMay  5..'. 
"   'May  28... 

Juiie. — 

jNlay  27. . . 

J  tine  25. . 

Ju,i)e24... 

June  17.. 

June   3... 

^Iay  28... 


AugustaUa  (College  t 
Baker  Universityt. .. 
Barnard  College  J.... 

Bate.s  CoUeget 

Baylor  Universityt. . 

BelbitOoUeget... 

Berea  Colieget 

Bethany  Col.  (Kan. )t 
Bethany  C.(W.Va.)tJiine  14. 
Blaclcburn  CoUeget..  June  13. . . 

Boston  College lune  24. . . 

Boston  Universityt..  June  3  .. 

Bowdoin  College" June  25. . . 

Brigham  Young  Col.t  May  29. . . 
Brown  University  ...  Juiiel7. . . 
Bryn  IMawr  CoUeget.  .lune   4... 

Bucbtel  College! IJune  17. . . 

Bucknell  Univ.  t iJune  18. . . 

Butler  CoUoK;et LTuuoIS.  .. 

Can isius  College i June  21. . . 

Carleton  CoUeget June  10. . . 

Carson&N'inanCol.ti-Miiy  29... 
Carthage  CoUeget.. . .  lilay  28. : . 
Case  Sc.  X  p'  1.  Science'  May  28. . . 
Cedarville  CoUeget. .iJinie  5... 
Cemral  Col.  t  CMC.)..  |Juue  11. . . 


•jraciu- 

ates  since 

Org.-ini- 

zali'in.* 


<  J 


500' 
585 
900 

1,200 
863 

1,469 

•foo 

■  8 

4,749 

2,000 

268 

161 

327 

560 

1,646 

■  50.5 

1,701 

600 

606 

1,403 

900 

959 

146 

8T9 

11,000 

297 

586 

6,787 

5,584 

313 

6, .526 

877 

3r)9 

1,185 

673 

160 

613 

*  '230 

672 

92 

292 


Earliest  Graduates  Living. 


. ..    Rudolph  Sold ner. 

552  R.  A.  Rogers 


800 

i'.iia 

27 

i.'ioo 

215 
143 


:\li'8.  M.  G.  StiUman. 
William  Re:^nolds.". 


Samuel  E:  Lord..'.'.... 
James  LI  Bktclielder. , 


■3  " 


Present  Addresses. 


1897  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
1878  Galveston,  'tex. 


1844  PlaiiVfiefd, N.'j.' 
t837  Meadville,  Pa. 


—  1^41  f .awrence,  Mass. 
...  1840  Cljicago,  ni. 


496 
9a8 


570 


John  B.  Weston.. 

Ciafesof  '76,7  graduates  Uvjiig 


[.saac  C.Day;  H.  51.  Lane....  1843  Prov. ;  Jer.seyCjty. 
Ret.C.  J.  Helsen- 1870  Strurn,  Wi^. 


Dr.  A.  W.  Dahlsten 

See  nol.e  ' '  r,' '  on  pqgp  654. 


1857 


Defiance,  0. 
last  rpport. 


.T.  H.  Rand : . ; 

W.  B.  Denson 

S.  D.  Peet;  W.  C.  Hoo,j^er.. 
George  \j.  Piggr. ........."'.;-. 

Erick  Glad ...l....... 


I" 
750 
842' 
1^9 

9,6bo! 

247, 
523 

2.760 

30,^1 

3,o75i  Rev.  W.  L.  Brown. 

860 
328 

'  '496' 
122 
592 


Rev.  Dun^iau  J.  ^fcivrillan 

c;iassof' 72,'6  graduates  living 

Rev.  Joli n  B.  Foote,  D.D 

Rev.  Wm.  W.  Rand 


1861  Wipdom,  Kan. 


1867lLewiston,  i\Ie. 

1856  Gjpnesyille.  'I'ex. 

1851  Cliicago;  Carthage.IU. 

1873  Wichita,  Kan. 

1891 '  Ka  n  sas  C  i  t  y ,  Kau . 


1870  New  York  City, 
by  'last  report. 
1850  Syracuse,  N.Y. 
1837 'New  Y'ork  Citx, 


1836 


(:iass  of ' 78, 3 graduates livi ng 

Rev.  J.  M.  Lyon.s 

iVtrs.  A.M.  Atkinson 

Rev.  r^junis  Rellly 

James.!.    Dow 

W.  A.  G.  Brown 

Rev.  J.  SL  Cromef ,  D.  D 


W  rent  ham,  Mass. 


210 

658| 

91,C.  C.  Mortpn 

250 .....,......:.. 


bv   last  repoi-t. 
1851  I'hiladelphia,  Pa. 
1856|  1  ndianapolis,  lud. 
1878  Bii Halo,  N.  Y. 

1874  Faribault,  Miim. 
1857iHender.sonville,  N. 

1875  Kansas  C'ity,  Mo. 


C 


1897 


Cedarville,  Ohio. 


Universities  and  Colleges  of  the  United  States.— Ck>niimied. 


545 


Colleges — Tabi.k  Two. 

Forexplanation  of  sisas,  see 

page  554. 


Cpip- 

meiH'LMiient 
Day,  ImOs. 


June  10. . . 
J  line  10... 
lone  12.. . 
June  16  .. 


11... 


June 
May  10. 
June  8 
June  24. 


tirauu- 

a}i;ssii>i-'e 

Orcani- 

/.aliiin.* 


June  25. 
June  20. 
J  line  10. 


June  18. . . 
June  18  .. 
Junell. . . 
June  20... 
June  4... 
June  18... 
June  24. .. 
May  27. . . 
June  17.. . 
Junell... 
June  10... 
June  17. . . 
June  24. . , 
June  18.. 


Central  Univ. t  (la.). 
Central  Univ.  (Ky.). 
Cen.  Wesleyan  Col.  t. 
Charleston  College. . . 

Christian  Univ.t 

Claflni  Uuivensityt.. 
Cleinson  Agri.  Col . .. 

Colby  College  t 

Colgate  University. . . 
CoUe.ge  City  of  Is'.  V. 
Col.  of  St.  Elizabeth. 
Colorado  Colleget . . . 
Columbia  University  pi  ay  27. 
Concordia  College —  |Sept.  2. 

Cornell  College  F 

Cornell  Universityt.  • 
Cotner  Universityt-. 

Creighton  Univ 

Cumberland  Univ.t. 
Dakota  VVe.sley.  Un.t 
Dartmouth  College.. 

Davidson  College 

Delaware  College 

Denison  Universityt. 
DePauvv  Universityt 
Dickinson  Colleget . . 

Doane  Colleget 

Drake  Uaiversitvt  . . 
Drew  Theol.  Sem  (g) 
Kariliam  Colleget . . . 

Elmira  Colleget 

Kmory  and  H'  y  Col . 

Kmory  College 

Kmporia  Colleget . . . 

Er-^k:!ie  '  Oilege  t 

Fairmouut College!-  . 

Fargo  Coll eget 

Findlay  College  t 

Fisk  UniverRityt§ 

Fordliain  University 
Franklin  &  3[arshall|Junel2. 
Franklin  Col.t  (lnd.)!June  14 
GeneralTlieol.  Spjti.  . 
Ceorgetown  c  'oUeget 

Georgetown  Univ 

Geo.  Washington Uu. 
G !  ra  rd  Col  I  ege  ........ 

Gr'nev'l&'J'usc.Colt 

Greer  Colleget 

Grove  (Jity  Colleget.. 

v^nilford  Colleget 

Gustaviis  Adolpht . . . 

Hamline  Univt 

Hamilton  College    .. 
Hampton  Instt(c)... 
Hanover  Colleget. . .  iJune  10... 
Hart  for  I  The.  Sem 
Harvard  University 
Haverford  College. 
Hedding  ( 'olleget. . 
Heidelberg  Univ.t. 
Hillsdale  Colleget. 

Hiram  Colleget 

Hiv.'ussee  Colleget 


June  10. . 
June  18. . 
June  7-9.. 
June  10.. 
June  11. . 
JnniB  7.. 
June  3... 
June  10. . 
JTiine  18. . 
June  17.. 
June  17.. 


Mav 
June  12.. 


4.. 
3.. 


June 
June 
Noiie  ... 
Mat  15. . 
July  30.. 
June  17. . 
May  27. . 
May  28  . 
June  10. . 
June  25. , 


.t 


May 
June  24. . 
June  10.. 
June  IS. . 
Junell.. 
June  18.. 
I.Tune25. . 
May  13.. 


Hobart  College iJune  17 


Holy  Cross  College. 

Hope  Col legot 

Howard  I'ayne(.'olt(g 
Howard  Univ.  t  (d) . . 

Illinois  Colleget 

111.  Wesleyan  Un.t.. 
India,na  Univorsity  t 

Iowa  Colleget 

lowi  State  Col  t(7)  . 
Iowa  WesleyUn.  t. . . 
James  Milliken  Un.. 
John  B.  Stetson  U.t.. 
Johns  Hopkins  Un(f;) 
Kansas  Wesi.  Univ.t 

K'y. State  Col.t 

Kentucky  Univ.t  .. . 

Kenynn  Coliece 

Knox  Colleget 

KooxvUle  Cclleget5. 


June  18. 
June  17., 


May  27.. 
June  3.. 
Juiiell. . 
June  24. . 
June  10.. 


June  11. 

June   9. 

June 

June 

June 

June 

Junell. 

June  25. 

Junell. 

JuueiO. 


1.. 

9.. 
4  . 

s 


250 

1.530 

350 

507 

29t> 

741 

4ti2 

1,548 

4,040 

3,0U9 

215 

320 

20,075 

1,500 

1,244 

9,758 

250 

591 

3,519 

503 

9,450 

1,000 

509 

8U0 

2,437 

4,564 

270 

3,010 

2,J2;j 

801 

tiOO 

662 

1,48; 

223 
7^6 

96 
143 

94 

615 

907 

1,426 


760 

3,788 

5.438J 

6,iWJ 

315 

319 

1,I50{ 

1541 

684! 

76U| 

2.800| 

11771 

ai-j! 

4611 
33J500 

951 

266] 
.  607 
1,080 

614| 

1.518 

i,03y 

462 

1651 

3,000 

751 


Earliest  Graduates  {<iy|9g. 


5  -S 


Present  Addresses. 


Cla.<soi  '65,  5  graduates  livii 

Uev.  J.  'i'.  I/.ipsley.'  .\' " 

300  Prof.  J.  H.  Frick,  A.  JNI 

260. (;.  Kirkwopd  King,  M.  D- 

364  A.  H.  ("tienowelh 

....     bv.  NVm.L.  Biilkley 

457  f/.  A.  Sease....r 

1,10«  Albert  W.  Paine !ls32 

1,2401. I 

2,757  ueorge  W.  iiirdsall 

Margaret  Hogau 

312  P.W.ruckerinan,P.  Hallack 

16,303:  Charles  Uhiud  ....'. ". 

SOOillev.  .1.  p;  Miltz.. 

1,167  Matthew  Cavaua.gh 

Clas.S'of'69,  all  living  by  last 


ig  by  Just  report. 
l.^o9  Danville,  Ky. 
1870 W'arrentnn,  Mo. 
18421  Flat  l{ock,  N.(t. 
1858  San  Marcns,Tox-. 
1882,K!dgelield  Park,  N.  jj 
1896  rrosperltj',  S.  C. 
Ban.^or,  Ble. 


.rames  C.  Kinsler,LiL.B. 

Xath.in  Green 

498!  Rev.  O.  PJ.  JMurray...... 

4,7i;!0  Uev.  J.  M.  Rockwood... 
\Vm.  P.  Bynum. 


18S3|^■ew  York  Cit'y.JSf.  Y. 

1865  Newark, N.  J. 

1882  Los  Angelesand  N  Y. 

1827  New  York  City,  N   Y. 

1848;Concordia,  Mo, 

1858, Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

repjort. 


625;  llev.  Wm.  Ashmore,  D.D. 

1.59:1  .M.  J.  Durham... 

2,232  iiev.  J  ohu  11  McKim 

257ijan'l  M  'ri-omble...i 

2,953|janies  K.  Denton 

l,lll!JaihesBoyd  Brady 

J38  l.,uzenaThqrnbu)'g 


Ilobert  W.  liOvett, 


1891  Omaha,  Neb. 
1845; Lebanon,  'J'enn. 
1888  .Murdo.  S.  Dak. 
1837  Bellingbam,  Mass. 
1842!Charlotte,  N.  C. 


18441  Wollaston,  Mass. 
1844 j  Lexington,  Ky. 
1830  Georgetown,  Del. 
l»77!('ollinsville,  Ct. 
188J  Fetaluma,  CaL 


1869 
1862 


2l9j  William  J.  C6ul.spn,  LL. 


B.. 

48'|.r.  F.  Lee., 
961  William  S.  Fleming,  M.  D. 
1431  Donald  G.  Col  p. 


90 
550 


Mrs.  j£.  Van  Kampen, 
James  D.  :^^rrus.; 


•r- 


Uev.  George  I..  Statey 

See  ■iiole  *  Vt , "  on  pofie  55| 


1843 

lS8tt 
184-.! 
1^99 
189(3 
188? 
1875 


Boston,  Mass. 
Carthiige,  Jlid. 


184: 


Houston,  Tex. 
Due  West,  8.  C. 
Arcatta,  Kan. 
Robhinsdnle,  Mill 
Findla.v,Oliio. 
Na-shville,  Tenn. 


Ealtimofe,  Md. 


. .     Ut.  llev.G.DeN. Gillespie, D.D  1840  Grand  Kapids,  ]\ric!i. 
5761  B.  T.  Biewitt.  AndylJaruett|1846  .Ienniugs,Mo.,L'rsv'le 


l,64:2i  Uicha rd  J  | .  Ci  arke '•  1846 

3,900; Dr.  IJufus  I'.aker: ." 11842 

1 1856 
.11847 


200 


Joseph  Bl^'scbeck.. 
llev.  Jhhh  H.Brunner 


3i)0|(  =  .E.  Duty. 


,()v!0|  Itev.  Samuel  Dodds 

148  R.  C.Root 

6;8jH.ev.  L.  P.  Luiidgren 

. ..    Elizabeth  A.Sorin 

,6001 A ugusius  L.  Khodes 

. . .  !(;'lass  of  '  71.  4  graduates  liv 

6l8|(4eorge  F.  Whitworth. 11838 

4iO,R,ev.  S,  V.  P>oe:u 1850 

;,2.iii:  C..A  .Vv'el cl'i. |l833 

>illl  Antlionv  M.  Kim!>er 


1892 
1881 
1889 
1890 
18*9 
1841 
ing 


New  York  Citj', 
Midt'.letown,  Ct. 
New  York  City. 
Iliwassee,  Col, ,  Tenn. 


Charleston,  111. 
(irove  Citv,  Pii. 
Berkeley,  Cal. 
irariock,Miini. 
I'asadena,  ( ':'L 
San  .Jose,  Cal. 
bv  last  report. 
Seattle,  Wash, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
C<3hasset,Mass. 
1849  German  tow  11,  Pa. 


I AL  Josephine  Davis  !)eGroot'l866*Macomh,  HI 


515,  Rev.  (-!eo.  Z.  Mecliling,  A.  M. 

860  Mrs.  Eliza  Scott  Potter 

...  i.Tames  M.  Hurlburt 

160  \V'm.  D.  Eakin. 

SiHiiHeV  Napoleon  Barrows 

Healy;  G.  II.  Lloyd 
A.  Shields 


3,386 

1,244 

1,605 

780 

65 

'i',909 
2,800 
640 
1.517 
1,200 
1,595 
318 


859|  Rev.  P.  F 

427  William 

1611  J.  b.  Kobuett 

2,500'...... 

481IT.  J.C.  Fagg. 


1854!  Hamilton,  Ohio. 
1856!Pasadena,CaL 
1869:Cleveland,  Ohio, 
1850; Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
1844  Short  Hills,  N.J. 
1850  Philadelphia;  Boston. 
1866  Macomb,  111. 
189p  Washington.  D.  CJ. 


\\M. 


2.911  Samuel  C.  Parks 

1.10(11  J.  H.  Windsor;  Wm.Windsoi- 

1,650|E.  W.  Stanton 

Winiield  Sc(Ht  Maynes 


6o 


1.850 

2,770:  Rov.  1 L  M.  Mayo. . . 
620  William  B.  Miiuson 

i.?,m\ , 

i,^0;Sidney(':.  Long 

Ijoseph  E.  Roy. 


I  Mo 


1338 
1354 
1872 
1856 


Louisiana,  Mo. 


Kansas  City,  Mo. 
La  Grange.  HI. 
Ames,  Iowa. 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 


1887:  Denver,  Col. 
18591  Deni.son,  Tex. 


1841!  Baltimore,  Md. 
1848  Oak  Park.  III. 


aSSlW.J.Causler.' 11883;  Kaoxville,Teun. 


546       Universities  and  Colleges  of  the  United  States.— continued. 


Coi.LKOKS— Table  Two.  Com- 

Foreiplnnationof  signs,  see    mencement 
pag«  854.  Day,  1908. 


Lafayette  Col.  (Pa.)..  June  17 
Lake  Forest  Univ.  t..  .1  utie  17. 
Lander  Colleget iJuiie  2. 


Gra.iu- 
ates  since 

Organi- 
zation.* 


Lawrence  Univ.  t 
Lebanon  Vallej'Col.t 
Lehigh  University... 
Lelaud  Stanford, J  r.1 

Lenox  Colleget 

Liberty  CoIIeseJ 

Lincoln  Colleget 

Lombard  Colleget.  . . 
Lou'na  State  Uuiv.t 

Loyola  College 

Manhattan  College. . . 
Marietta  Colleget  — 
Marquette  C<jllege. . . 
Maryville  Col.  t  ((/).. 
Mass.  Agri.  Colleget 
Mass.  Inst.  Tech.t. .. 
McKendree  Colleget. 

^IcMinnville  Col.t 

Miami  Universityt. . 
Mich.  Agri.  Colleget 
IVIiddlebnry  Colleget. 

Midland  Colleget 

Milligan  Colleget  ((/) 

Milton  Colleget 

Miss.  Ag.&Mech.Col. 
Missouri  Valley  Col.t 
Monmouth  Colleget 
Moore's  IlillCoUeget 
Morningside  Colleget 
Morris  Brown  Col.  t 
Mt.  Holyoke  Col.t  . 
Mt.  St.  Mary's  Col. 
Mt.  Union  Colleget. 
Muhlenberg  College 
Muskingum  Colleget 
Neb.  Wesleyan  Univt 
Newberry  Colleget. 
Newton  Theol.  Inst. . 

New  York  Univ 

Niagara  University.. 
N.  Car.  C.A.&M.  Arts 

Normal  College  t 

Northwestern  Col.t. 
Northw'nUn.t  (111.) 
Northw'n  Un.t(Wis> 
Norwich  University. 

(^hc'.liu  ("olleget 

Ohio  Northern  Uni.  t 

OhioState  Uuiv.t 

Ohio  Universityt 

Ohio  AVeslevjiii   Un.  t 

Olivet  (/olleui't 

Oregon  .Agri. Col.t  . .. 
Ottawa  Universityt. . 

Otterbein  Uuiv.t 

Ouachita  Colleget 

Pacitic  ITniversilyt. . 

Park  Colleget 

Parsons  Colles.:et.(</). 

Penn  Colleget 

Pennsylvania  Col.t... 
Penn. (3<)l. for  Wom'n 
Penn.  MilitaryCol.(g) 
Penn.  State  Col.t 
J'hilander  Smith  Colt 
Polytechnic  Inst. 
I'omona  Colleget 
Princet'  n  Theol.  Sem 
Princeton  University 
Proseminar  <  'oUege... 
Purdue  Universitvf. . 
Padcliffe  Colleget.  .. 
Randolph- Macon  (". . 
"      Woman'. sCol 

■Rons' I'rl'oly.  In 

UichmondCol.  ( Va. ). 
Kio  (irande  Colleget. 

Kipon   ("olloget 

Roanoke  <  'ollem' 


June  11 
.Tune  3... 
.Tune  10... 
May  21. . . 
June  11.. . 
June  4. . . 
June  10. . . 
June  4... 
June  3... 
June  18.. . 
June  16. . . 
June  10. . 
June  20... 


June  17. . . 
June  9... 
June  11. . . 
June  13-17 
June  19. . . 
June  24. . . 
June2o.  •  ■ 
June   4  . . 


Juno  18.. 
Mav  3L. 
May  28.. 
June  11.. 
June  18.. 
June  11  . 

June  17. . 
Junel7. . 
June  18. . 
June  25. . 
June  11. . 
June  10.. 
June  10. . 
June  4.. 
June  3  . 
June  16.. 
May  27... 
June  24. . 
June  18... 


June  23... 
.June  25.. 
June  25.. 
July  5... 
Juiie24.. 
Jinie  18  . 
June  11. 
.Iunel8. . 
.lime  17.. 
June  10.. 


June   5.. 
June  17. 
June  25. 


June  10.. 
June  11. . 


June  17. . . 

Ma^•    7... 

June  10... 

June  24. .. 

May    5. . . 

June  10... 

.June  17. . 

June  10.. . 

June  2.1 .. 

June  11. .. 

June    2... 

June  17. . . 

June  11  . . 

June  11... 
June  1(1 
June  10 


Roche.sierA.&M.Iu  tiJuue  11, 


2,294 
402 
16b 
719 
389 
1,711 
2,600 
293 


<'3 


Earliest  Graduates  Living. 


Present  Addres.se8. 


1,860  David  Moore,  A.  M 1836  South  Hanover.  Ind 

381  R.  Fay  Mills ,1879  Los  Angeles, Cal. 

14K  .S'ee  ?i'j/^  '  "e, "  o>t  jjoj/e  554. 

Rev.  Henry  Colmau,  L).  D. . .  1857iMilwankee,  Wis. 

Mrs.  M.  W.  Reitzel !l870  Chicago,  111. 

1,601  Chiis.  K  Ronaldson,  M.  E...  1869  Fliiladelphia.Pa. 


375 

473 

412 

341 

791 

921 

914 

500 

709 

3,846 

745 

187 

1,293 

1,200 

1,687 

250 


312 
465 
571 

1,337 

350 

197 

247 

3,600 

1,500 

2,699 

643 

600 

1,000 

335 

1,500 

18,400 


358 
407 

'"sio 

701 
600 
89'i 

"670 
3,686 


Ralph  H.  Kirk 


663 
950 
649 
225 

274 
439 


.S'ee  note  "i,"  on  page  554. 

Rev.  W.  R.  Cole 

Tilman  L.  0 rimes ^ 

l<:dward  F.  Milholland.  INI.  D. 
Rev.  J.  P.  McClancy,LL.D.. 

George  B.  Bradley 

Cla.ss  of '87, 5 graduates  living 

James  Gillespie 

Gideon  H.Allen 

Robert  H.  Richards 

Frederick  Spier,  A.  M... 


1868 j Cedar  Rapids,  la. 


1856lMt.  Pleasant,  la. 
1869  Poland,  La. 
1856  Hallimore.  IVId. 
1>>66  :Middlelo\\n,  N.  Y. 
1841  New  Concord,  O. 
1  by  Ihi.st  report. 
;1840!Kno.;ville.  Tenn. 
IbTliNew   Bed  lord,  Mass. 
186»lEoston,  Ma.^s. 
184o;st.  Louis,  Mo. 


375 
11,500 

651 
13.000 

315 

671 
4,558 

'  2,i59 
626 

3,572 
661 
584 
306 
7' 

470 
239 
621 
33« 
381 

1.406 
252 
438 

1,043 
191 

"'24M 

5.4»8 

9,98i* 

612 

2.9.14 

878 

700 

180 

1,542 

'""78 

??=; 

oat\ 


1.171 

300 
194 
242 


594 
450 

"316 
1,000 

iJ56o 

366 


606 

lo.ouo 

'301 
324 


3.096 


J.  B.  Combs;  J.  N.  Swan 

A.  F.  Al.en 

Rev.  Thos.  s.  Hubbard 

Le  Roy  H.  Kelsey 

James  H.  Smith 

Albert  Salisbury 

H.  H.Harrington 

May  Caldwell  (Mrs.C.  J.  Orr) 

Mrs.  Margaret  Findley 

Mrs.  Jane  Kahler 

J.  B.  Trimble 

Laura  Chandler  Simmons... 

Mrs.  W.  S.  Curtis 

Thomas  E.  Garvin 

See  note  '  'n,' '  on  pape  554. 

\Villiam  F.  Muhlenberg 

Rev.  George  ]\[.  Miller 

Dr.  ISIay  C.  Bliss 

Ja-s.  E.  Houseal 

Rev.  Wm.  L.Brown 

Henrj'B.  Elliot,  D.  D 

Rev.  E,  McCarty 


1839;Wash.,la.;  E.  I/p'l,0. 
ISHljVineland,  Kan. 
1834  Stockbridge.  Vt, 
1891  St.  Joseph,  31  o. 

1882  Johnson  Cit5',  Tenn. 
1870  Whitewater,  Wis. 

1883  College  Station,  Texas 
1890  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
il858lMonniouth,  111. 

11858  San  Fernando,  Cal. 
11893  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
il890iNew  Y'ork. 
1839lChicago,  111. 
1844  Evan.sville,  Ind. 

18671  Reading.  Pa. 
1850[Bryan,Ohio. 
1890;Saginaw,  Mich. 
1869iCedartown,  (^a. 
18o9i\Vrenthani,  Mass. 
1840  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 
1872  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


B.  Frank  Dreisbach. 

H.M.Kidder 

Hev.  E.  Tankow 

Bernard  Sin]),  A.  M. 


1866  Circleville,  Ohio. 
1859;  Evanston,  111. 
1872;Caledonia,  INlinn. 
1827J Louisville.  Ky. 


Samuel  F.  Porter 1836;OberJin,  Ohio. 


Dr.  Arthur  Tovvnshend. 


William  D.  Godman. 

Mrs.  Griswold 

565  James  K.P.  Currin  . 


1878  New  York  City,  N.Y. 


1846;l'hila(lelpl>)n,  Pii 
1866  Vermontville,  ^:l<h. 
1870  Cottage  (i rove.  die. 


550 
390 
201 
592 
320 
367 
1,100 
226 
398 
992 
157 

'242 

3.1.76 

o5,b75 

2^8,32 
865 
5U0 
179 

ic.n 

'"72 

303 
520 


Kate  Winter  Hanby |1857 

Frank  V.   i'urner,  A.B 1887 

Hiirvev  W\  Scott 1863 

Hev.  W.  T.  Scott [1879 

CI  ssof '80. llgradnates living!  by 

I.inda  Xinde  Dorland ,1875 

Rev.  W.  F.  Eyster,  D.D |l839 

•  lass  of   '73.  5  graduates  liv  ing 

R.  K.  Carter jlSfiS 

John  N.  Ranks il861 

RufusC.  Childre.ss 1^88 

Rossiter  W.  Raymond 11868 

CJa.ssof'94,llgraduates  liviut,'!  b.v 

Rev.  Jolm  V.  Dodge 1838 

James  C.  Hepburn,  M.  i> 1832 

Rev.  J.  H.  Dinkmeier 1872 

John  Bradford  Harper 1875 

Mrs.  Ward  (lark 1^83 

Kdward  S.  Rrown |1843 

Eva  Williams 1896 

David  C.  Smith 1«3:J 

Rev.  P.  S.  llenson 1849 

Rev.  I'honias  I).  Davis,  A.M.  1883 
Miss  J.utlieraHaii  let  Adams  1867 
llionias  E.  Kizer,.\.M 1855 


,|....l 


.Mluunbni.  CjiI. 
Monticello.  Ark. 
Port  hind,  0;e. 
Cleone.  Ore. 
last  rci>orr. 
Long  lieiich,  Cal. 
Crete,  Nib. 
by  last  ninrt. 
Haltimore,  JMd. 
Indiana,  Pa. 
Little  Ro(k.  Ark.  1 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 
last  rejxnt. 
Kvai  sville,  Ind. 
East  Orange,  N.  J. 
Alhanibra.  IlL 
Duranu;o,Col. 
Dover.  N.  H. 
I.yncliburg.  Va. 
Hiroshima,  Japan, 
."^cbenc'/tady.  N.  Y, 
Boston,  Mass. 
'I'erumseh,  Neli, 
Omro,  Wis." 
Roanoke,  Va. 


Universities  and  Colleges  of  the   United  States.— Continued,      547 


Coi.i.KOES— Tabi.k  Two.  |        Com- 
Forexplftuation  of  sigiis.see  meiiceiiifnt 
pag«  554.  Hay.  1'.'08. 


Orjf.iui- 


.1  111  I  i»  18-2(1 
:MilV  28... 
JunVu  .. 
luiiei;  .. 
June  4... 


May 


,1  m  I  p  o. . , 
Jiiiiel". . 
.June  11. . 
Mav  '2'i. . 
June  10. . 
June  A... 
.lunc  17. . 
.(une  11.. 
June  15.. 
J  imp  16. . 
.Imif  17. . 
J  line  10  . 
June  21.. 
June 20. . 
June  It).. 
June   9.. 


TlochesterTheo.  Seui  Mav  13. 
J{ock  Hill  College.... 

KuUlns  I'olleget 

KoseToly.  lusUtute. 

Jlutsrers  College 

Scotia Seniinaiy  t§.. 
Setou  1  lall  College. . . 
Sha\vUniversityt§. . . 
Shorter  CollegeJ(5). . 

ShurtleffColleget 

Simmons'  CoUegeJ.. 
Simpson  Colleget  — 
S'ern  Bap.  Th.  Sem. 

Southern  Univ 

Southwest  Kan.  Col. 
State  Univ.  of  lowat 
Stevens  Inst.  Tech . . 
St.  Francis  Xavier  C. 
St.  John'sCol.  (D.C. ) 
St.  John's  Col.  (Md. ) 
St.  Lawrence  Univ.  t. 
St.  Louis  University. 
St.Mary'sCol.(Kan.) 
St.  Mary's  Col  (Ky.) 
St.  Olaf  Colleget  .... 
St.  Vincent's  College 
Swarthmore  Col.t(g) 
Syracuse  University  ^ 

I'abor  Col  1  eget 

TalladegaColleget . . . 

Tarkio  Colleger 

Teachers'  Collesre..  .. 

Temple  Colleget 

Texas  Christ.  Univ.t 
Throop  Poly.  Inst,  t- 

Tome  Institutet 

Trinity  College 'Ct.  ). 
Trinity  Col.t(N.  C.  ). 
Trinity  Universityt.. 

Tufts  Colleget 

Tulane  University. . . 
Tuskegee  In,stitute§. 
Union  Colleget(  Keb. ) 
Union  College(X.Y.) 

Union  Theol.  Sem 

Univ.  of  Alabamat. . . 

Univ.  of  Arizonat 

Univ.of  Arkansast  .. 
Univ.  of  Californiat . . 
Univ.  of  Chattan'gat 
Univ.  of  Chicagot . . . 
Univ.  of  Cincinnatit. 
Univ.  of  Coloradot. . . 

Univ.  of  Denvert 

Univ.of  Georgia 


June  10. 


.luiie  2... 
June  11. . . 
May  27... 
Juno  6-17 
June  4... 
.Inne  10... 
June  l.i. . . 
.Imie  24  . . 
June  10. .. 
June  3... 
JiinelT. . . 
Mav  20... 
:MaV  28. . . 
May  25. . . 
June  10... 


Univ.of  Idahot 

Univ.  of  Illinoi.st 

Univ.  of  Kansa-st 

Univ.  of  Jjouisvillet. 

Univ.  of  Mainet 

Univ.  of  Michigant. . 
Univ.  of  ^Minnesotat 
Univ.  of  INIissourit .  . 
Univ.of  Montanat... 
Univ.of  Nebraskat.. 
Univ.  of  Nevada  t.  - 
Univ.  of  N.  Carolina. 
Univ.of  North  Dak.t 
Univ.  of  N.  Mexicot.. 
Univ.  of  Notre  Dame. 
Univ.  of  Oklahoma  t 

Univ.  of  Oregont 

Univ.  of  the  Pacifict 

Univ.  of  Penn.  ** 

Univ.  of  Porto  Rico.t 
Univ.  of  Rochester  . . 
Univ.  of  8. Californiat 
Univ.of  S.  Dakotat.. 
Univ.  of  Tennesseet  . 
Univ.  of  the  South  ... 

Univ.  of  Utaht 

Ualv.  of  Vermoutt , . 


May  27... 
June  3... 
JnnelO. .. 
:Nray  13. . . 
June  2  (o) 

CO 
June  I... 
.June  3... 
June  17. .. 
June  18. . 
June  10. . 
Juno  10... 
June  10. .. 
June  11.. . 
JnnelO... 
Jiinel8. .. 
June  11.. . 
June  3... 
June  4... 
June  11. . . 
June  10. .. 
June  2... 
June  18... 


June  18  . . 
June  11.. . 
.June  24.. . 
:May  28... 
June  17.... 
June  1V». .. 
June  17. . . 
June  18. .. 
June  11. . . 
June  2.  . 
June  26. . . 
June  4... 
June  24... 


a   64 


<  - 


1,199 
204 

""491 

2,29a 

693 

453 

6O6 

380 

392 

82 

449 

3  000 

44:{ 

114 

7.t<00 

i.;iOo 

961! 

im 
733 
800 

1,452 
458 

"  206 

200 

800 

4.600 

2;6 

292 
265 
2.011(1 
2,40-1 
35(1 
364 

'  1,403 

800 

273 

2,593 

'i,6.51 

228 

5,27:' 

3,384 

3,000 

55 

ouO 
7,000 

4 ,644 
4,479 
1  017 
1,.523 
3,568 

185 
5,967 
4.3'<7 
7,000 
1.275 
21,972 
5,157 
3,500 

121 
3,:i87 

525 

536 
127 

'200 

1,100 

620 

22,7tW 

4i 

1,570 

758 

350 


1,515 
4.121 


Earliest  firaJnate.s  Living. 


950  Wm.  Wallace  Saw  ver  , . . . 

190   I  le)ma.s  .\.   Whehi'n 

340  Claia  iiouise  fJnild 

A~in  Sef  >tiHf  "  jr."  on  pa{ifbiA. 
1,309  Kev.  John  F.  Mesick 


Present  AddreMet. 


18511 

1872:  Baltimore.  Md. 
1890Sanford,lla. 

1834  York,  Pa. 


Louis  Kilward  Frith. 
Kev.  Ciesar  John.son , 

Mar3' Darling  on 

Hiram  A.Gardiner.  , 


349 
329 

82 

421  Louise  Anderson  Burke. 


1862|New  York  C!tv,N.  Y 
1878  Raleigh,  N.  C. 


391 
113 

1,215 
750 
149 
500 


200 

"760 

225 

278 

262 

1,800 

"sib 

359 


J.  V.  Glass. 


840 

"'2.38 
2,415 


1,004 

223 

5. .347 

2,184 

1,000 

52 

475 


3.800 


1,400 

■'182 
5,500 
4,2: 
5,000 
1,212 
18.563 
5,020 

"i20 

3,306 

514 

"524 
125 


I  )(^xter  K.  Smith 

J.  Augu.stus  Henderson 

John  W.  O"  Brien 

J.  H.   Benson 

Daniel  Murray  Thomas 

A.  B.  Hervey.. , 

Uev.  F.  P.  Gare.sche,  S.  J 

A.  C.  Bukes 

John  G.  Mattingly 

Dr.  A.  O.  Sandbo 

Isidore  B.  Dockweiler,  A.  M. 
See  note  ' '/, ' '  on  page  554, 

Mrs.  M.  E.  Nash  Spence 

James  Morris 

Rev.  J.  R  Sims 

William  R.  Llttell 


Rev.  Frederick  B.  Me\'er 
E.  Milwee 


Dr.  G.  W.  Russell 

J.  A.  Edwards 

Kev.  J.  San  ford  Groves. 
Wm.  N.  P.^ayes 


J.T.  Hollis 

H.  A.  Owen;  R.  H.  Biron.. 

Augustus  A.  Bovce 

Rev.S..L  White,  D.  D 

\V.  C.  Richardson...... 

Mrs.  A.  J.  Gould 

Lucy  Ross. 

He  V.Albert  F.Lyle  

Uev.  J.  J.  Manker 


0-;car  E.  Jackson 

P.  V.  Carlin,  M.  D.... 

.1.  P.  Culberson;  H.  Newton. 

.\rthur  P.  Adair 

James  N.  ^Matthews,  M.  D.  . 
L.  D.  li.  Tosh 


Benj.  Flint  Gould 

Theodore  R.  Palmer 

See  note  *'/, "  on  page  hM. 

(Mon  Gintar. 

Mrs.  BllaR.  Glennv 

Wm.  H.  Snell 

See  note  "A:"  on  page?)oA. 
R.  B.  Creecy ! 


1877 
1842 


1870 


1860 


WashiiiKton,  JXC. 
Eaton, N.  Y. 


Newkirk,  Okla. 


Birmingham,  Ala. 


1858  Santa  Ana,  Cal. 
1873'State  College,  I'a. 

1855  

1872  Washington,  D.C. 
1846  Baltimore,  Md. 

1859  Bath,  Me. 

1843  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1885  Easton.  Mo. 
l842St.  Marv's,  Ky. 
1890iAustin,  Tex. 
188 7 j Los  Angeles, Cal. 

1853'salt  Lake  City,  Ltah. 
1870  Johnstown.  Neb. 
1879] Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1887  Tarkio,  Mo. 


Philadelphin,  Pa. 
1876'Mangum,  Okla. 


1834  Hartford,  Ct. 
1854  Hookerton,  N.  C. 


1871 
1857 


1885 
1894 
1832 
1842 
1843 
1895 
1875 
1864 
1871 


Honey  Grove,  Tex. 


1882 
1882 
1841 
1896 
1872 
1873 


Fort  Davis,  Ala. 
Wichita:  Minneapoli.s. 
Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 
Walton,  N.Y'. 
Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 
Tucson,  Ariz. 
Faj'etteville,  Ark. 
Newark.  N..i. 
Knoxville.  Tenn. 


1872 
1847 

1846 


Denver,  Col. 
Denver,  Col. 
Atlanta;  Athens,  G a. 
Boise,  Idaho. 
Ma.son,  111. 
Kansas  City,  Kan. 


Hollister.  Cal. 
National  City,  Cal. 


Columbia,  ISfo. 
18981  Missoula,  Mont. 
1873  Tacoma,  Wash. 

l&So'Elizabeth  City.  N.  C. 


C.  E.  Hodgin. 


(1894  Albuquerque,  N.>[ex. 


195;C.  R.  Hume;  R.  P. Stoops .1898 

900  '^ee  note  '•'■.r,^''  onpaoe  bM.  I 

540  D.  C.  Vestal ". 1858 

.100  See  note  ^'■t,''  onpafieo'A.  |        I 

42  Francisco  Zuazaga 1903 

.299  A.  A.  Brooks 1851 

740  See  note  ' '  ^  "  on  pope  554.  i 

343  Herbert  Sberniaii  Houston..' 1888 

...     Rev.  James  Park,  I)  D 11840 

686  James  J.  Hanria,  C.  E. il873 

1876 
1&39 


Anadarko  ;N'  man.  Ok. 
.San  Jose,  Cal. 


PR. 

Tex. 


....  iWm.  Bradford. 
2,801,  Wm.  P.  Pier-son. 


Rio  Piedras,  P. 
Corpus  Christi, 

N.  Y.  City. 
Knoxville,  Tenn. 
New  Orleans,  La. 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
.Ouarga,  111. 


5^8      VkUtrsittes  ani^  CoiUffes  qf  the  Ihdtect  States.'^CoiiMi)^^.- 


COLLKOKS— TaBI.K  Two.     j 

for  explaiLiliii'i  <il  si^ii.s,st.v 
iiti:;«'  554. 


Com- 

nieiict:'.:"*"! 
Dav.  I90S. 


Univ.  of  Virginia..  . 
Uuiv. oi  \Vci.sli!ii!j;t'nt 
Uuiv.  of  Wibcuusiut  . 
lip.i.v.  of  Wooslei-t  ... 
I  )iiv.  of  Wyoiuiiigt... 
'  'i>;iei-  fosva  .Uuiv.  t- 

I'  ps.ala  CoHeget ., 

{'•  r.siHiiS  CoUeget 

U.  S.  Mil.  .4cudemy. 
U.  S.  Nsival  Acad.  . 
Utr.h  Asjri,  Oolle{>(^t. 
Valpai-aiso  Univ. +... 
Vanderi)iit  Uuiv.  t... 

Vassal-  C'olleget 

VirginiaMil.  Jnst 

Virginia  Poly.  Inst.. 

Waba-sli  College 

Wake  Forest  College 

Waldeu  Uuiv.f 

Wa.shburn  Colleget. 
Wash.  Col.tC'lVnn. ) 
Wash.  State  Cul.f... 
Washington  Univ.t. 
Wash.  &  .led'.  Col... 
Wash.  &  Ijee  Univ. .. 
Wavnesburg  College 
Wellesley  CollegeJ.. 

Wells  Colleget 

Weslej'an  Univ.t 

WesleyanUniv.(Ct)t 
Western  C.  (Women) 
West.  ReserveUiiiv.f 
Western  Theol .  Seui. 
West.  Univ.  of  Pa.  t. 

West  Va.  Univ.t 

Westfield  Colleget.. 
Westminster  C.(  Mo. ) 
Westmin'r(\)l.  (Pa)t 
Wheaton  Colleget. . . 
Wliitnian  Colleget-. 
Whit. vorth  Colleget. 
Wilberi'orce  Univ.t.. 
Wiley   University  ^. . 

Wilii'amette  Univ 

William  Jewell  Ool.. 

Williams  College 

Wittent)erg  Colleget. 

Woabrd  College 

Woman's  Col. (Bait.) 
Worcester  Poly.  Inst. 
Yale  Universtty'..  . 
Yankton  Colleget... 
York  Colleget 


June  17. . 

June  17. . 
J  line  17. . 
June  Ig. 
June  18.. 
J'lineie.. 
Ajtay  Si). . 
.Ill  new. 
June  15. 
.Iniie  5. 
June  2.. 
Jime  .?,{). 
jTiiuo  X!.. 
June  10. 
irept.  12. . 
fune  .9. . 
June  17.. 
Mav  2a.  . 
May  7. . 
June  3 . 
May  \b. 
Junel|:5.. 
June  Xa  . 
June  17.. 
.Tune  17. . 
June  18.. 
June  215.. 
June  10.. 
June  3.. 
June  24.. 
.Imie  10. . 
J»niell. . 
May  7.. 
June  7.. 
June  18.. 
June  11.. 
.June  11. . 
June  11. . 
June  11.. 
June  11. . 
June  11.. 
June  18. . 
May  15. . 
June  IS. . 
June  3.. 
June  24.. 
June  4.. 
.tune  9.. 
.iuue  9. . 
Jmiell.. 
June  24.. 
.funelO. . 
Jutie  10^ . 


(jraiiu 

Uiyaiii 
^alrcm.* 


c-  S? 


<  '3 


3,954 

851 

6,78B 

i;-84 

15a 

88 

451 

4,6  J  2 

3",13d 

115 

17,000 

4,200 

2,9:59 

1,952 

6?6 

993 

1\07S 

1,448 

642 

""308 
7,912 
4,215 
3,500 

600 
3,li6 

322 
2,300 
2,649 

731 

*2',650 

2,600 

1,062 

176 

321 

1,600 

500 

183 

32 

1,063 

107 

8,24'4 

600 

4,858 

.    960 

69i4 

711 

1,200 

24,400 

108' 

345 


826 

'isi 

"86 


Earliest  Graihiates  l.ivinj. 


I*res«nt  A°d(.lrL'$^'si 


Robert  Patterson...... !l839  Philadelpjjia,  Pai 

Mrs.  Clara McCarty  Will il876 'xacoiiia,'  \.  ash. 

Levi  Booth 11854'  "  ' 

Rev.  JohnO.  Miller ....|l871 

\V.  H.  Bramel ilsal' 

J.  L.  Paine;  J.  K.  Clough. . .   11862 


JJenver,  Col. 
Emporia,  Kan. 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
Fayette,  Iowa;  luc^ia. 


David  Maguussou ls94  San  Fraucisco,  Cul 


111 

3,750 

i',560 
655 

698 

1,232 
620 

"305 

2',2()0 
3.000 

3,oi.> 

307 
l,5t)0 
1,860 

592 


2.500 
920 
161 
268 
950 
425 
181 
31 

'"96 

'  '550 

2,430 

887 

608 

703 

1,125 

ioo 

343 


Wm.  T.  Martin 

John  Wilkes,  Jr 

Robert  Wesley  Irwin. 

Dr.  Carl  Ingerson 

Henry  W.  Morgan.... 


Dr.  O.  M.  Knight 

Rev.  A.  Lloyd,  D.  D 

John  M.  Cowan 

Dr.  David  R.  Wallace 

J.  M.  Jamison,  M.D_ 

J^uliusB.  Billard 

Judge  O.,  P.  Temple 

Class  of  '97,  all  graduates  liv 


1837  Baltiniore,  Jld. 
1847  Charl'jLle,  N.  C. 
1«94  (J rani te  City  ,111. 

1874  St.  Louis,  lifo. 

1875  2sashviile,'reun. 


Addiso-u  May ., 

Mrs. *  J.  M.  Ho  \va  rd 


•'  «'•  •  p  •  •  •'*  •VK  •  •  •  *'•  •••••••••  •  •  • 

Mrs.  Catheriire"  Benson. 
Rev.  B.  Mawley,  D.  I) . . . 
Augusta  M.  Chapi'u 


'riioma-s  Mellon 

M.S.  X)ent ^.. 

See  note  "  m,  "  on  page  554. 
Robert  McPheeters 


C , C  (jtOSG. ••*•••••. .'....    ... 

...•«.•.••.*..••••*    ......... 

Seenotp.  "j,"  on  por/edbi. 

Will  iam  Wesley 

Mrs,  K.  J.  Y.  Moore 

De  WittC.  Allen 

William  Rankin,  LL.  1).. 

\V\  11.  Wynn,  D.  D 

Samuel  Dibble,  LL.  JJ!... 
Class 'of  '92,  all  graduates 

Hen  r v  1*.  A  i-msby .-. . . 

William  D.  Ely 

G.  Q.  VVenzlar.. 

Mr.s.  ]\i!nnie  li.  Spore,... 


livi 


1S42 
1875 
1«41 
1850 
1877 
1870 

ing 

i83i 

1852 


OiiveviU'e,  Va. 
ISew  York  City,  N.  Y. 
Spriugtielc^vMo. 
Waco.  I'exv. 
I'opeka,  Kan. 
Topeka,  Kau. 
Kup.xville.  Teiiu. 
by  last  i-e port. 

West  Chester,  Pa. 

Wayuesburg,  Pa. 


1840 

1838 
1856 


1837 
1^70 

1856 


1886 


iYacon,  Ga. 


.Saratoga  Spa,  H.  Y. 
Upper  Alton,  111. 


Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Gi'aflou,  W.  Va. 


FultOB,  Mo. 


Walla  Walla,  Wash. 


1894  Willis,  Tex. 
185y  Long  Beach,  Wash. 
ls55  Liberty,  Mo.   . 
1831  Newark,  JST.  J. 
1848  Seattle,.  Wash. 
1856  Orangeburg,  S. C. 
ug    by  last  report. 
1871  Stale  College, Pa. 
1826  Providence,  K,  1. 
1888  Yankton,  .s.  Dak. 
18t<4Gresham,  Neb. 


TA3LE    THREE-FINANCIAL    STATISTICS   OF    UNIVERSITIES    AND   COLLEOIES4 

Cost  of  TtrrrroN^  A?rf)  Otrkr  T^iprc^^i'ft.s  6/  EnfrCATfON  iTRurzKn,  and  Incomk  from  FBOmic- 

Tivi;:  Funds  and  Bunkp.vctioN.s  DtsRiSi^  tkk  Ijast  Coli.icgk  Ykar,  Communi- 

CATiSD  TO  "The  World  ALMA>fAC  "  by  this  Cor.LEGE.s. 


COI.I.EGKS 

For  explaii.il' 


io!i  of  Hi>ns,  sec 

page   554. 


Adelplii  College 

Adiian  College 

Agri.  &  Mech.  CoL  (To.v. ) 
Alabama  Poly.  Institute. 
Albion  College . .... . . .'.. . . 

Albright  College 

Alfred  University 

Allegheny  College 

Alma  College 

Am.  Tnteruatfonal  t*!)!... . 
American  Vn.  (Teun.)  q. 

Amherst  ('cllf^ge 

Aiulover  Theol.  S'oi^ 

Antioch  (.'ollpge. 

Armour  Inst.  Technology 

Atlanta  University 

Auburu  Theological  Seiu. 


'I'liiliini — 
Cost  per 
Annniii. 


$180 

None. 
0^')2g 

50 

.^O 
(iO 
80 
40 
50 
110 

Noh6. 

40- 50 

1-25 

1« 

None. 


Hi>!if<J,  etc. 


$280  up. 

153 

155 

loi) 
I26  102 
1G2-1;}6 
loO-'JOO 
IIO-IUO 
125-200 

IGO 

200 

200 

18,S 
80-<K) 

■  k*6 

150 


Other  Kx- 

jitiises-Fees, 

Bo6bs,  efc. 

$200 

50 

27-50 


20-50 

15-35 

20 

20-50 

25 

50 

3-12 

30 
20 

None. 


PftKlllL'tive 

Fun  lis — 
Amount  of. 


S25,O0O 
20;».0{)t) 
251.000 
2HO,  (too 
125. 000 
.348,374 
.5;J5.0{)0 
255.000 

12,(X)0 

None. 

1,750,000 

8.">0,  000 

102,000 

cc  5,000,000 

72,280 
700. 2C1 


Receipts 

Total  fiiooine, 

from 

tm'liKliiijTiiition  or 

Benefai'tions. 

liroiileiifttl  f'har'L'.'s. 

$26,000 

S-fO,0&0' 

240,001 

250, 000 

92,000 

18,000 

54,401 

I'ooi) 

S.S,G4g 

114,083 

(c)  48,100 

55,500 

C«)  27,433 
117,811 

11,180 
6,  §73 

.•33,4S0 
127,000 

72,000 

1,151 

35,000 

— 

8,838 

^,■-7^ 

t>i'Mt 

39,500 

(c)  63,074 

Universities  a?id  Colleges  of  the   United  States. —Oondmiecc       549 


Colleges — Tablk  Thkkr. 

'For  explauatiim  of  si^iis,  see 

p&gii  554, 


Augustana  CoUepfe 

Baker  Uuiversit.v • 

Baldwin   Uiuversity 

Baruard  Colleget 

Bates  College 

Baylor  University 

Beloit  College 

Bellevne  College 

Berea  College 

Bethany  College  (Kan.) . . 
Bethany  College  (VV.  Va.) 

Blackburn  College 

Boston  University 

Bowduin  College 

Brigbuia  Young  College... 

Bro-.vn  University 

Bryn  M;i\vr  College 

Buckuell  University 

Butler  College 

Canisius  College 

Carletou  College 

Carson  and  Newman  Col.. 

Carthage  College 

Ca!?e  School  Appl.  Science 
Catholic  Univ.  of  Amer.  (7 

Cedarville  College 

Ceutral  College  (2iIo. ) 

Central  Univ.  of  Iov,:a. ... 

Central  Univ.  of  Ky 

Central  Wesleyau  Col.  {q) 

Charles  City  College 

Charleston  College 

Christian  Univ.  (Mo.).... 

Claflin  University  («) 

Clark  College  (Mass. ) 

Clark  University  (C^a.).. .. 
Clark  University  fMass,). 
Clarksou School  Tech.... 

Clemson  Agrl.  College 

Coe  College 

Colby  College 

Colgate  University . , 

Collegeof  Cityof  N.  Y. 


Tui  lion- 

Living 

Cost  per 

Exptuses, 

Anniiii). 

BoanI,  etc. 

$36 

^140-175 

39-75 

1(J4-1S0 

.i6 

115 

157 

365-S25 

50 

146-iy6 
1.50-250 

50-60 

50 

lSO-216 

50 

150 

JS'one. 

75-100 

36-120 

95 

36 

114 

50 

110 

125 

1(>5  up 

College  of  St.  Elizabeth . . 

Colorado  College 

Columbia  Univ.  (.b).... 

Concordia  College 

Converse  College^ 

Cooper  College 

Cornell  College  (Iowa) 
Cornell  University(N.  Y. ) 

Cotner  University 

Creighton  University 

Cuniberland  University... 
Dakota  Wesleyan  Univ.. 

Dartmoutli  College 

Davidson  College 

Delaware  College 

Denisoa  University- 

De  Pauw  University. 

Des  Moines  College 

Dickinson  College 

Doane  College. 

Drake  University 

Drew  Theol.  Seminary.... 

Drury  College... 

Earlham  College 

ElmiraCollegel 

Elon  College 

Emorj'-and  Henry  (Jol 

Emory  College.....; '. 

Emporia  College... 

Erksine  College 

Eureka  College , 

Ewiug  College 

Fajrmouut  Odlege 

Fargo  College 

Findlaj'  (Jollege 

Fi^k  University 

Fordhraii  Univei-sUy 

Fort  Worth  Univ.  {o)  .... 
Franklin  College  (Ind. )... 
Franklin  Col.  (Ohio)„.... 
Franklin  &  Marshall  Col.. 


75 

la 

153 

200 
50 
45 
50 
40 
30-40 
40 

100 

75 

23-50 

60 

43-50 

50 

32-36 

38 

40 

38 

14 

GO 

12 

100 

100 
40 
40 
60 
60 
None. 

100 

50 

150-250 

"^40 

60 

36 

48 

(/O 

30 

C) 

75-1  (X) 

36 

125 
60 
60 
40 
50 
45 
(ee) 

■  05 

50-100 

None. 

60 

77 

125 

40-50 
50 
60 
40 
35 
45 
30 
40 
32 

;i8 

12-15 
100 

3C-48 
18 
40 

None. 


156 


160- .;50 
125-175 

200  up 

275-300 

200 

154-236 

220 

150-200 

70-125 

125-150 

171-228 

250 

140 

100-1.45 

100-150 

150-190 

100-130 

150 

110 

120-140 

65 

180-216 

76 

200-250 

ISO 

103 

114-128 

255 

220 

None. 

300 

275-400 

(/)451 

76 

220 

1.5C-200 

15^270 

300-500 

150 

170-190 

90-150 

150 

425-740 

100-160 

200 

145 

325 

144 

226 

123 

150 

96 

200 

163 

275 

80-1'iO 

120-170 

200  up 

125 

76-lbO 

150 

^20 

180 

175- -50 

120-180 

90 

300  . 

102 

300 

100-200 

,130-175 


(.)t)ier  Ex- 
penses-Fees, 
Cooks,  etu. 


S2o 
40-60 

15 

25 
41-54 

20 

70 

1^ 
15-50 

16 
IS 

50up 
25 
30-75 
30 
5-18 
50 

10-25 

6-13 

PL7-25 

85-75 

30 

20 
25-50 

so-fs 

10-20 
20 
10 
20 
6 
10 

Notie. 
40-. 50 

25 

1'2 

25 

50 
Noae. 

i^ 

(/)258 
50 


40-75  ■ 

25 

6  up. 
'      40 


50-100 
2050 
40-50 

15 

25 

35 

IS 
10-50 

50 

15 

40 
30-35 
1 0-25 
None. 

15 

40 
10-20 

20 

50 
10-50 
10-15 

20 

32 

25 
2  up 
5 

95 


P.ioilucLiv* 
Funds — 


R<;ceipt3 

from 

niHiefai't4<»i»8. 


$91,473 

75,«K)0 

100,000 

7J6.41'J 

5^V2,  000 

116.000 

88^.9J51 

3.75V 

65,i,666 

.^S.500 

200,000 

30,000 

1,97a;  586 

1,19^.737 

100.000 

3.'J17,5'21 

1,200.00J. 

710,000 

200,00<3 

35di6oo 

95,000 

.51 ,500 

2,200,000 

2,134,(>1<3 

60,000 

175,000 

100,000 

527,0(»0 

90,000 

58,000 

293,700 

25, 000 

None 

1,300.000 

None. 

390,000 
15^,439 
400,000 
o  •>,  »oy 
1,725,000 

None 

423,896 

20,482,260 

None. 

13,000 

26,000 

316.008 

8,550,916 

40,0(J0 

•673,231 

100.009 

llO.OfiO 

2,7- ;7, 270 

100.000 

83,000 

750.000 

425,000 

101,200 

357,022 

17jj,448 

3  41,854 

537,100 

2!i7,O00 

318.000 

73,000 

31.000 

11966 

222.115 

2,700 

81.000 

50.000 

20.000 

92,<X)0 

180,000 

71, 484 

70,000 


400,000 

None. 

462,000 


$22,229 

65.000 

8.000 

105,000 

108,416 

10, 000 

2,:;50 

11,004 

107,999 

4,484 

20, 000 

1,50; ) 

34,.SIJ7 

95,164 

25,000 

108,  .588 

2b'6oo 


37.500 

12.000 

9,950 


84,236 

5,l.-;0 

49,000 


810 
S5,'600 


250,000 


67.000 
10,000 

142,'826 
1,360,590 

16,000 


593,531 

20.000 
200,  000 


75.000 
15,11'- 

12,000 

None. 

55,000 

5,' 600 
10,215 
22,932 
67,?500 


12,900 
1,000 
1,000 
3,310 


6.000 
75,000 


2,256 

2, 150 

10,000 


40,000 


Total  Income 

IiK'IudingTiiitionor 

IiMiiOtMilal  Charges 


$62,092 

107.000 
19.000 

411.797 

159,579 
68,000 
76,282 
38, 037 

141,997 

30,913 

42,000 

6,800 

194,649 

iO  98,231 

57,141 

262,463 


22,000 

75,000 
36,000 
18,9.30 


419.739 

7.150 

(c)  21, 100 

35,000 

(e)  12,000 

9,000 

19,992 

68,649 
55,000 


20,590 

187,768 

ic)  17,917 

126,150 
455,333 

(c)  77^072 
1,767,374 

64,443 

61,197 
1,270,875 

Ic)  5,297 
(c)  64,000 

(c)  50,  OCX) 
322  685 

(c)  34.050 

50,000 

113,200 

16,000 

65,629 

43.276 

(r)  123, 711 


57,485 

42,387 


10.:^00 
Ki.OOO 
7,000 
17.393 
15.621 
21,512 
21.0(X) 


17,000 
86,000 


550       Universities  and  Colleges  of  the   United  States.— Oontinued. 


COLLKOHS — TaBI.K  ThRKK. 

For  explanation  of  signs,  8«e 
pape   5M. 


Furraan  University 

Geu'l  Theol.  Sem.  ( P.  K  ). 

Geneva  College 

George  Washington  Univ. 

Georeetown  College 

Georgetown  Univ.  (D.  0. ). 

Girard  t'oll<»ge 

(.i  reeii'^horo  Female <.'ol . . 
Gree)ioville  and  Tus.C'ol.. 

(ireer  Collpge 

Crove  City  College 

(i  nil  fold  Collpge 

(nistuvns  A<lorphnsCol.. 

Jlaniilto!)  (  uliege 

T  J  am  line  I'niversity 

Tlampden-sidncy  College 

Tlanover  Collpge 

Hartford  'Dirol.  Spm 

Harvard  Cniversity  ... . 

Tlastinss  College 

Haverlord  (  nliege 

Heddins <  olloge 

Heidelborg  I'liiversity. . 

IJillsdale<v.llege 

Hiram  CuIIokp 

Hi\vass.:>e  College 

Hobart  CoUpsp 

Holy  Cro-^s  Collogp 

Hope  College  (IVIich. ) 

Howard  riiiver.sity(D. C.) 

Howard  College 

Howard  r;iyiie  College- 
Illinois  College 

Illinois  Wcsleyan  Uiiiv... 

Indiana  University 

Indiana  Cf  iitral  Univ 

Iowa  Collpgp 

Iowa  State  College  (7) 

Iowa  Wesleyan  Univ 

James  Millikin  Univ 

John  B.  stPtson  TJniv 

Johns  Hopkins  Univ 

Kansas  City  Univei-sity  .. 
Kansas  Wesleyan  Univ... 

Kentucky  University 

Keiiyon  t'oUege- 

Keuka  College 

Knox  College 

Knoxville  College 

Lafayette  College  (Pa.) 

Uake  Erie  College 

Lake  Forest  Colieere 

I^awrpnce  University 

Tiander  College 

Uane  Theological  Sfm.... 

T^eander  Clark  Collci^e 

Lebanon  Valley  College... 

Lehigh  University 

Leland  Stan  ford,. )r.  Univ. 

Lenox  College 

Libert  y  C  M  le-re 

Lincoln  College 

liOmbard  <"ollege 

Jionisiiiiia  State  Uiyv 

Maealester 

^lanhattaii  College 

marietta  College 

Marquette  College 

Maryville  College  (q) 

Mass.  AgriciiUiiral  Col.. . 
!Ma.ss.  Inst.  Technolog}'. . 
JfcCormick  Theol.  Setii... 

McKendree  College 

McMinnville  Colle.ge 

Miami  ITniversity 

Michigan  Airri.  Col 

Middlelmry  ( 'ollege 

Midland  ( 'o!let;-e 

Milligan  College 

Millsaps  College  

Milton    Colleij-p 

Mississippi  Colleare 

Miss.  .Agri.fc  .Mech.Cnl  ... 
Missouri  Valley  College.. 


Tuition- 
Cost  per 
Annum 


$50 

None. 

45 

150 

45 

100-150 

None. 
70. 

18-^6 
30 
t>0 
«0 
30 
90 
40 
50 

None. 

None. 
{k) 150 
25 
150 
38 
20 
'27 

36-48 

13  3« 
80 
00 
•24 
10-100 
60 
50 
50 
51 

None. 

39 

.5.5 

24 

•J  5 

33 

72 

150-200 

3() 

40 

30 

75 

36 

50 

4. 

100 

100 

50 

36 

38. 


("') 


50 


50 


None 

36 

50 

60-150 

None. 

30- ro 

50 

30 

36 

im)  60 

44 

75-120 

30 

60 

18 

(z)  120 

250 

None. 

45 

51-60 

None. 

ivt)  15 

8(> 

40 

30-36 

30 

32-38 

40 

»/)30-."i0 

36 


Liviiij 
Expenses, 
Board,  tic. 


200- 

125 

135 

N 


l.W 
110 

362- 

175 

108- 
l.-)0- 
l.-)0- 
6( 
150- 
200- 


110 
l.">0 
160 


126 
'.»0 
10 


150- 

200 
144 
170 


$76. 50 

226 

200 

350 

180 

2.50 

one. 

205 

HO 
144 
200 
120 
150 
175 
150 
■180 
150 
175 
'.039 
1:50 
3.50 
118 
144 
2.50 
250 
>  KO 
200 
2J»0 
140 
100 
120 
2(.K) 
200 
300 
250 
117 
loOnp. 
175 
180 
220 
172 
160  up. 
200 
1;  8 
1.50 
120 
120 
350 

63 


Other  I'.x 

pen.se8-Kei'S, 

I'.ook;,  eti  . 


175- 
275- 
125 


110 
LA* 


L50- 


220 


12.')- 
1.50- 

('/) 
l.-)0 
1«H) 

1«K) 
12.> 


•-  t  t 
200 
320 
125 
130 
2(WJ 
120 
144  up 
300 
100 
200 
151.50 
200 
150 
300 
125 
2.50 
2.50 
200 
72 
300 
225  up. 
2  0 
•200 
250 
150 
'Jo  » 
175 
130 
1  17 
1.50 
1  75 

ir>o 

100 
126 


$30 
None. 

25 
25-50 

20 
25-45 
None. 

17 

10 

15 

20 

"50 

25 
40-75 

50 

25 

25  up. 

12 

35 

20 

40 
15-25 
10-25 

40-50 

lOnp. 
40- .50 
5- 50 

;50 
10- J  .5 
10-20 

50 

25 
8-23 

34 
25. 50 
10-12 
10-15 

'30  up. 

15-20 

25 

30 

25 

26 

12 
45-60 

6  up. 
25-50 

15 

25 

20 
15-25 

2.5-50 
2.-)  .->0 
17-35 

25 

25 

30 

75 

8 

10-35 

40-60 

20 

15 

2.5-30 
30-40 
12-20 
15-30 

25 

(") 

.50-75 

1..-30 

5-15 

20 
20-50 
15-30 

50 

30 


Productive 

Funds — 

Amount  of. 


*  $151,400 

1.  .552, 996 

175.000 

258,223 

2(i3,511 

18,000 

22,525,l>0u 

None. 


2,000 
27,000 

178.793 
50,0001 

500.000 

206.000' 
200,000 


L- 


21.011,571: 
i.»r>,!ioo 
.,  4;i,>i 

tiil.O  o 
•JOO,(MIO; 
2:0.  110 
210,000, 

Noli.-. 
918,115 

42.00    I 

30.;.jio 

174.  JH,, 
20,(M)0 

20.5.  i>oo 

110,000 
700,(JOOi 
10l»,000| 

.so7,5rj| 

(i83,70Si 

61, 000 

750,000 

275,000 

4,471,'  OOi 
36,000 

350.000, 

.5.34,360 

201.911 

250.  (X)0 

None. 

641,35.5 

70,000 

(>75,0O(» 

610,000 

.   COO 

3.50, 000 

l.jO,000 

9,. "00 

1.200.000 

18,000,0(30 

41,000 

102,640 

180.693 

96,314 

l:)8,O0O 

.\oiie. 

240,000 

5,800 

307,364 

361,000 

1,S57.448 

1,HOO.OOO 

133,  ISO 

45, 000 J 

973,"  336' 
-lOO.OOOi 
40,000: 
None. 
2(X),0<K) 
11(5,846' 
106,000 
145.195 
176.7611 


Kei'i'ipts 

Total  huoiiie, 

from 

Including  Tuitionor 

FJeni-faitions. 

Incidental  Charges. 

$53,400 

(c)  $15, 600 

6,378 

123.643 

13,687 

27  8:i7 

33,620 

189.042 

13,446 

24,510 

88,  440 

None. 

1,222,003 

3'280 

8,"  479 

18,"6(K) 

51,521 

10.0(JO 

25. 000 

30.0(JO 

8,;,0(X) 

60.000 



22,426 



13.000 

693.065 

2, 129 ,563 

33,894 

(ri  19,760 

79.46S 

(r) 103,719 

l,2(JO 

11.00) 

22.540 

6,028 

20.412 

13,000 

29, 000 

2. -2.50 

47, 386 

34,013 

18.000 

loo.ooo 

l3,:..oo 

39.6:{5 

870 

90,717 

3,t/00 

('•)  15,000 

. , . . 

soiibi 

21.5,4'  3 

7,6()0 

10.000 

H6. 156 

(r^  89.402 

-None. 

577.9,5.3 

None. 

19.800 

27.500 

69,440 

HO, 000 

1 10,  (XJO 

439,  OtK) 

35,000 

55.000 

75,00  » 

§5  30,000 

4.705 

47,305 

11,666 

35.327 

. 

to.  143 

12,000 

20,000 

52,355 

66,-191 

6,963 

45,000 

93,000 

(c)  41,165 

200, 0(J0 

(c) 41,300 

4,  000 

16.6.50 

5,  (00 

14,000 

.... 

IS,  021 



26,  .84 

.  •  •  • 

800 .000 

3. 600 

13.94:5 

20, 000 

40,000 

1.400 

8,  SCO 

50. 000 

{<■)  14  1.50 

113,365 

19,000 

25,000 

None. 

34,(>44 

2'i;600 

(c)  :i.5.'224 

None. 

102.804 

120,227 

590, 493 

64.683 

11.426 

5, 674 

16,210 

40.000 

129.000 

None. 

28.    90 

3,000 

14,0(^0 

None. 

50,0(K) 

(r)  18,000 

14,235 

26.  480 

17,000 

250 

154.513 

87,062 

(c)  23,876 

Uiuoerslties  a)ul  CoUeyes  of  t/ie   United  JStates.—conUmud.        551 


Col.l.Ki'U.-i — TaBI.K  'I'llKlili. 

For  sjiplaii.tlitxi  of  si^fua,  sn?e 
page  iSJ . 

Tuition  - 
Cost   pt-r 
AnniiiM 

]\roamouth  College 

$5i 

■My.  30 
bO 

8.50 

50 

125 

(»•)  300 

45 

75 

45 

30 

40 

None. 

100-125 

75 

45 

54-60 

75 

32-25 

65 

50-75 

45 

(.f) 

None. 

60 

50 

None. 

43 

50 

50 

50 

15-30 

30 

35-41 

*15 

44 

30     • 

125 

550 

(»i)  100 

16 

150-200 

70 

6-75 

40 

^^one. 

150-160 

150 

(»n  25 

200 

75 

75 

200 

70 

24-28 

40 

50 

75 

None. 

60 

34-52 

100 

75 

None. 

(i)  380 

60 

40 

100 

39-48 

100 

None. 

50 

50 

30-50 

20-50 

16-50 

(;>) 

120 

60 
200 

60 
100 
100 

75 

IVfrinrp's  Hill  Colletre 

Mnruiufirside  Colleee 

Morri.s  Browu  College  ((/) 

Mount  Angel  College 

ISIount  llolyoke  College^. 
MountSt.  Maiy's  College 

Mount  Union  College 

Rfiililenberer  Colleere 

TM iiskins'niii   Collesre 

Nebia-ska  W'esleyau  Univ. 
Newberry  College 

Newton  Tlieol    Inst  

New  York  University 

NiH-ffara  TTniversitv 

Nor.  Car.  Ag.&  Mech.Arts. 
Northwestern  Col.  (111.).. 
Northwestern  Univ. (111). 
Northwest'n  Univ. (Wis.) 

Norwich  Uuiveri#ty 

Oberlin  Collefire 

Oliio  Northern  Univ 

Ohio  State  University 

Ohio  Univ.  ( Athens,  O.).. . 
Ohio  Weslevan  Univ 

Olivet  Collese 

Oregou  Agri.  College 

Ottawa  University 

Otterbein  University 

Ouachita  College 

Pacific  Univei-sity  (Ore.). 
Parle  College 

Pai'ker  Collesre 

Parsons  Colleo^e  

Peabodv  Culletie 

Penn  College  (Iowa) 

Pennsylvania  College 

Penua.  College  (Women). 

Penna.  Military  Col 

Penn.sylvania  State  Col.... 
Philander  Smith  College.. 

Pob'technic  Institute 

Pomona  Col  lege 

Vraft  Tnstit\ite         "   

Presbyterian  Col.  ol  S.  C. 

Princeton  Theol.  8em 

Princeton  University 

Proseminar  E:imhurstCol 
Pnrdne  TTniversitv 

RadcliHe  Colleeet 

Rjindolph-lNIacon  College. 

"      •'       (Woman's) 

Rensselaer  Polj-.  Inst 

Richmond  College  (Va.)... 
Rio  (t  nil  id e  ( 'olieere_ 

Rinoi»  ( 'ollesre 

Roanolce  (Nillee'e 

Rochester  A.  &  M.  Inst  .. 
Rochester  Theol.  Sem.  .. 
Rock  Hill  College 

Rollins  Colk'ire  

Rose  Polytechnic  lust 

Ruteers  College 

Scotia  Seminarv 

Seton  TTall  Collefire 

Shorter  College t—- 

ShurtlefT  College 

SiiXimons  College 

S^iiTiiisnii    ( ^()llf*£rp - 

Smith  CJolleere 

Southern  Bapt.Theo.Sem. 

Southern  University 

S.  W.  Presb.  Univ,  (Teun. ) 
State  Col  lege  of  Kentucky 
State  Univ    of  Iowa 

fetate  Univ.  of  Kentuckj-.. 
Stevens  Institute  Tech.. . . 

St.  Angela  College 

St.  Anselm's  College 

St.Bede  College 

St.  Beiiedict's  College 

St.  Francis  XavierCollege 
St. .John's  College  (D.C.  ).. 
St.  .John's  College  (Md. )... 

l.ivilij; 
Eipeii.st->|, 
ttoani,  f'.c 

$160up 
160  250 
150  up. 
55.25 
150-20O 
175-207 
(O 
110-130 
150  up. 

108 
125-15- 

75  up, 

160 
200-400 

175 

120 
175-250 

192 

125 

193 
130-275 

155 

200-350 

180-235 

(/)  125 

(y)  150 

250 

126 

150 

100-150 

170-250 

75-180 

100 
125-225 

250 
150-250 
100-190 

275 

(0 
175  up 

72 

300 

300-375 

225-288 

120 

150 

"0) 

350 

258-500 
200 
200 

220-375 

120-150 
120 
200 
150 

180-216 
200 
200 
138 

165-275 

162-180 

45 

(0 

150 

150-250 

260-300 
130 
300 
125 

115-150 
186 

108-180 

175-250 
85 

240-400 
280 
150 

(n 

140 


oilier  Ex- 

pelises-Kfrs. 

Kooks,  el.-. 

50 

40 

5-7 

15 

5  up. 
20 
15-28 
30 
20 
5-25 
35 

'50 

30 

20 

30-50 


10-20 

31 

20-40 

60-100 
15-20 

(/)65 

12-15 

52 

25 

25-50 

25-43 

3 

12 

25-35 

20 

10-15 

45-90 


75 

8 

20-30 

4 

20 

20 

15 

"o 

50  up. 
35-60 
45-55 
40-55 
43-80 
40-75 
20-40 
10-75 

25 
20-30 

25 
8-55 

25 
35-45 
30-60 

5  up. 

30 

30 

30-50 

10-25 

5-10 

"25 

15-30 

50 

25 

15-50 

14 

60 

20 

25-50 

10 


160-170 


25 

10 

20-30 


l*rodiiclive 

KiiinN- 
Auj"iiui  ut. 

$235,000 

25.000 

219.000 

20. 000 

45.000 

808,500 

None. 

103,984 

211.781 

55.000 

46,000 

110.000 

900.000 

1,082.000 

None. 

125,000 

300,000 

3,96  ,277 

50,000 

10,000 

1,650.668 


Kei  eipts 

from 

Beiiefiii  lions. 

$7'2  851 

20.  OOO 

204. 4  (X) 

1,056 

5,000 

11.059 

I*i«oue. 

19.672 
10.000 
46.171 
53, 268 


807. 730 
1,820,000 
615,000 
200,000 
198,000 
151,294 
108.146 

10.000 
213,000 
345,946 

59,039 
252,000 
tt 

85,000 
200,0<M» 
100, 000 


31. 020 

None. 


268,525 

2,152,783 

10.000 

3,210.918 

3,702,600 

5,897 

340.000 

425, 000 

210,500 

210.500 

1,529.368 

375,446 

76,000 

278,821 

126,000 

362, 292 

1,637,157 

2()4/600 

600,000 

666,000 

10,000 

None. 

45,000 

154,838 

2,138,885 

86,325 

1.300,000 

600,000 

50,000 

285.000 

246;  320 

870,000 
50,000 

None. 


30,000 


318,000 

20,000 

None. 

5,000 

541,486 

15,000 

1,200 

142, 264 

5.000 

32,903 

37^600 
11.600 

None. 

4,016 
70, 791 
25,000 
52,000 
12.822 
717 

3,000 

tt 
21,500 

6,000 

5,000 


'I OIhI   Iii'-oiii>- 
lllrllldiuif 'ruilloll  or 
llli'liiolllul  I'liarj(e9, 

$99,642 

27,  OOO 

228.962 

20.000 

54  16,000 

5«  191.000 

19,724 

(c)  25, 143 

21,000 

86,898 

(0  15.445 

§§  40,000 

65>.000 

75.000 

116.621 

27,000 

(c)  591,671 

16,500 

25,000 

290,539 

47,000 

612,491 

123,200 

113,000 

43.500 

90,012 

20,020 

85.541 

40,000 

(<•)  22.000 

(c)  24,678 

9,269 

15.000 


2,400 

4,100 

20.000 

1.000 

500.  tKK) 

10,000 

10,095 

874.752 

3.877 

None. 

75,500 

57,400 

60,000 

, 076. 981 

12,000 

462 

13,169 

66.000 

18,324 

8,265 


6,779 


10,220 

None. 

100, 0(X) 

8,656 

8.019 
26,000 

None. 

26,' 500 

100.000 

2.200 

5,500 


None. 

None. 

19,365 


24,000 


(c)  25.788 
39,000 
38,500 


272,996 

14,000 

143,586 

54.  700 

234,270 

(r)  5.614 

140,194 

1,316.984 

27,673 

328.592 

{c)  78.939 

(c)  130,000 

130,000 

42,250 

6,500 

34,188 


94, 465 
72.717 
§§25,000 
41,564 
47,000 


19,608 


136,000 
36,528 
127.064 
32,632 
§§144,000 
35.000 
26,906 

92.022 

324,048 

15, 200 

126.827 

§5  35,000 


§§12, OOO 
35,000 


552       Unwersiiies  and  Colleges  of  the    United  States.— Continued. 


Ci>i.LK«Es — Tablk  Thukk. 

For  explanation  of  sijfiis,  see 

p:ii;e  554. 

St.  Lawreuce  University... 

St.  Louis  University...! 

St.  Mary's  College  (Kan.  ) 
St.  Mury'3  College  (K;^. ).. 

St.Ohil  College , 

St.  .'Steplieu'.'?  College 

St.  Vincent's  College 

Sii'^quehauiui  College 

Swiirtliiuore  College 

Syracuse  University' .. 

Tabor  College...T. .'. 

Talludegii  College 

Turkic  College '.; 

Taylor  University 

Teacliers'  Col.  (X.Y.City) 

Temple  College.. 

ThrOou  I'ofy.  lu^t 

Toiile.  J ustitute.. . .','.'.... . . 

Trinity  College. .-.. ..'.... 

Trinity  College  (KC.) 

TriMty  College  (Br.C).)*... 

Trinity  Univ.  (Tex.) 

Tufts  College , 

Tulane  Urliversitj-. 

Tu.skegee  Institute 

Union  College  (Ky,). 

Union Coljege  (N'e'b.) 

Union  Cailege  (N.  Y . ) . . . . 
Union  Ctiristiiui  College... 
Union  Tlieological  Sem. ... 

Univ.  of  .Alabama 

Univ. of  Arizona  

Univ.  of  Arliansa;^ 

Univ. of  California. 

Univ. of  Chattanooga'. 

Univ.  of  Chicago , 

Univ.  of  Cincinnati 

Univ.  of  Colorado 

Univ.of  Denver 

Univ.  of  Georgia 

Uuiv.ojf  Idaho 

Univ.  ot  Illinois 

Univ.  ot  Kansas; 

Univ. of  liOuisville., ;,... . 
Univ.  of  jNFai ne . .^■.. .,:.',.'.'. . 

Univ.  of  Michigail;'..'..,, 

Univ.of  Minnesota... .......... 

Univ.of  Missouri ....;.... 

Univ.of  Montana....... 

Univ.of  NasUville............ 

Univ.  of  Nebraslca!. ..„.■; 

Univ.  of  Nevada.! ,  .  ..',•. . , 

UniV.  of  New  Mexico 

Univ.of  North  Cavolinh... 

Univ.of  North  Dakota 

Univ.of  Notre  Dame 

Univ.  of  Oklahoma..... 

Univ.  of  Oregon ..' 

Univ.  of  the  Pacific 

Univ. of  Peunsyrvania 

Univ.  of  Uochester 

Univ.of  tlie  South 

Univ.  of  South  Carolina. . . 

Univ.of  South  Dakota 

Univ.  of  S.California 

Univ.of  State  of  Florida. 

Univ.  of  Tennessee 

Univ.  of  Texivs 

Univ.of  Utah 

Univ.  of  Vermont 

Univ. of  Virginia. 

Univ.of  Washington 

Univ.  of  Wi.scousin 

Univ.  of  Wooster 

Univ.  Df  Wyoming.... 

Upper  louTi  University... 

Upsala  College . 

Urbana  University -. 

Ursinus  College 

[J.  S.  Military  Acac^emy...., 

U.S.  Naval  Academy 

Utah  .Agri.  College... 

Valparaiso  Univel-sit}'..... 

Vau'derbilt  University 


Tuition  — 
C  ist  per 
Aiiiiiiin. 


*50 

(JC-100 

60 

-40 
20 

250 
GO 
55 

150 

75-126 

^5 

11 

oO 

36 

150 

,60 

100 

(0  700 

100 

100 

50 

GO 

100-155 

S5 

Nona 

4q-50 

75-120 

33 

Kone. 

(o) 
(w  I  ^20 
No  lie. 

50-65 

120-200 

75-125 


Ijivliij; 
E.vpt-iises, 
IJ.x-irii,   etc. 


Olher  E.V- 

peHseS-I"">es 
Booli.s  e  c. 


Pr  id  active 

Fuu.ls  — 
Aui'uut  of. 


-loO 


g 


36 

0»)50 

Noiie. 

50-110 

(,1V). 

100 

ao-40 

44  59 
20-150 

None. 
NoiU'.. 

15  np 
N.OJiett 
None, 
(m)  40 
60 

% 

None. 

Nojio. 

50-7000 

150-200 

96 

100 

40 

12 

0)70 

(/H)  20 

(6^) 

None. 

80 

Ad) 
None. 
iin) 

60 
None. 

47 
36-45 

36 

50 

t 

§ 

50 
100 


S16Q 

125  150 

■   200 

KO 

90 

(/) 

300 

125 

200-350 

152-206 

125-175 

83 

125-1S5 

116 

350  up, 
150 
390-440 

234-330 
300-400 

166 

150 
150-200 

215    . 
76-50 
90 

150 
200-300 
104-122 

140  no. 
12.5-150 
180-200 

210 

75-i76 
305-655 

2-J5 
200-300 
150  up. 
96-225 

150 
180-250 
(i/)166-,260 

250 
182-229 

180 
300-700 
200-350 

22a 

200 
250-30 

163 

200 

131.25 

300 
175-250 
175-450 
200-230 
365-565 
150-250 
1„0  200 
100  up. 

150 
180-200 

140 
119-193 
.  ( I/)  300 
150-300 

225  up. 

162  up. 
200-300 
175-225 

200 

250 

200-250 

92-100 

220 

150 

§ 
130-100 

100  200 


$20 

5-50 

20 

15 

20 

o 

10 

30 

10  30 

15-50 

10-50 

10 

7-16 

3 

20  up. 

10 

6-10 

20 

15  up. 

?^ 
50 

150-200 

35-75 
10^18 

^^ 

40 

50-100 

25 

9-25 
20-60 

..  isj'P- 

50-lOO 
100 
120 

0/), 
125 

45-:55 

15- 

25-50 

.25 

50 

50 

45 

20 

25-50 

30-60 

25-30 

15-55 

40  up. 

5-50 

25-75 

10-30 

53 

10-25 

8-50 

40 

41-87 

(?/) 

7-50 

58 

55-95 

50-100 

15-50 

33 

25 

50 

5-20 

15-50 
70 

25 
50-100 


$300,000 

Nojie. 
None. 

233! 000 

6,000 

,       42,00t) 

1,010,000 

2,045.351 

86,000 

167,511 

160,165 

l,093vi^00 

20,000 

150,612, 

7807600 

6o5',"6oo 

25,',OO0 

1,5!»0.000 

2,204,900 

1,494.021 

278,000 

672',678 

74,802 

2,o6o"ooo 

None. 

8,825,887 

221,000 

r)12, 974,211 

1^50,000 

358]d00 
420.  OOO 
350.000 

638,694 
151.000 
500,000 
218,30o 
806,000 
1,406,796 

in) 

1,000,000 

None. 
200,000 
195,000 

KgiK 
13,000 

116' boo 

4, ». 32, 874 

764,709 

200,000 

None. 


350.000 
158,000 

.000,' 000 
550,000 
563,691 
406,492 
500,000 
591,623 
315, 788 

150,000 


190,000 
+ 

1&3.442 

200,000 

1.600,000 


$21,000 
None 

11, 000 
11,285 


Total  Income, 
iucludii»>^Tuitioii  i>t 
liicde   tal  Ch.irges. 


(r)  $62,000 
91, OOO 


4,000 
150, 000 
399.644 

8,000 
11,880 

5,151 

3,000 

668,671 

.800 

2,941 

15^908 


30. 

8,000 
67,640 


515,673 

Nqhp 
3,100 
1,200 

't^.'soo 

None. 

None. 

208,915 

.5,284 

5,926,989 

10,()00 

250,000 

40,OO.> 

28.745 

None. 

Noue. 


,    None, 
156, 000 


32,500 
26,000 
31,016 

22',  000 
284,500 
82fj,  167 

20, 000 

iU.150 

(<0  19,095 

19,9<X) 
405.  hm 

76,486, 

73,000. 

viiino 

75;0(K) 

'(c)206",V)OO 
269.372 

588,885 

8.1. 782 
130,752 

(oo)  76,'5H4 
100,300 

180,676 
1,08<>.262 

,      56,598 

c)1.222.353 

236.808 

175,000 

93,000 

477,576 

95,000 

1,007,009 

310,000 

100,000 

135,000 

1,078,417 

537, 235 

487,475 

74,555 

550,000 


do!  000 
30.000 

None. 


i7,'50O 
2'2,565 


Nojie. 
46,000 


26,750 

None.. 
66.000 
14,928 
25.000 
-  .480 
125,000 


50,000 

2,764 

15.700 

t 
§ 


Ko;ie. 
150,000 


110.000 
153,136 

8o!obo 

95.000 
(c)  28,813 

02!  262 

61,756 

84.347 

69,000 

32,160 

120,990 

279.387 

132.100 

183,131 

55  78.957 

527,000 

1,  124.731 

(c)  54,307 

91,025 

(r)  27,000 

15.8.S3 

4.450 

50,900 

1 

§^ 
187,S50 
,     295,000 
(c;  169, 000 


Ji-eyhi)un}fs  of  7i\f^ntous    U'nloeysHms. 

^  -—■ -^n — -^^>^a'tv  — 


553 


UNIVERaiTIES  AN'U  C<>LLE(JE;.i  0.F  THlp)  UNITED  STA  TES— Con^i?mccf. 


CoLLSCtES — ¥abi.5  Tmrkk. 

For  exp!i\nation  "f  siftus,  s*8 
VSjtc  554. 


Vassi^i'  CoHejsret 

Yiucflune-'i  Uiiiv€i-slt.v 

Virsiiii.a  Christian  College 

Virginia  Military  Inst 

Virginia  PuijteclniJc  lust 

Wabash  <  ollege 

Wake  Purest  ( 'allege-;...... 

Walden  Uiiiveisitj* 

Washburn  College 

Wa.sliingtoa  t'oJ.  Cl'emi.  ). 

Wash,  .■state  eVjUege 

Wa.sh  ■  a  <.^  JeHerson  Col.. 
Washington  <fe  Lee  Univ. 
Washington    Universitj'.. 

Waynesbiirg  College 

Weileslev    College^. 

^\"ells  Colleget 

\Ve.sleyan    Univei-sify 

West  Lafayette  College. . 
Western  Col.  (Women).. 
Western  Maryhuirl  Col.-- 
Western  Beserve  Univ... 

Western  Theol.  Sem 

Western  Univ.  of  Penaa.. 

Westfiekl  College '.'. 

Westminster  Col.  (Mo.  )... 
Westminster  Col.  (Pa.).. 
West  Virginia  Univ. . ,, . . 
Wheaton  College.... .......... 

Whitman   College ,.. 

Whitworth  College 

Wiley  Univereity 
WJlliam  A  Mary  " 
William  ,Tev\eli  College... 

Willamette  Univ 

Williams  College 

Wilmington  Col.  (Ohio).... 
Wilsor\  College  (^ypmen) 
Witteiiberg''  Ciallege... ........ 

W^otrord  CV>llege.. ..... 

Woman's  College  {Y^a,\t.). 

^Yorcester  Poly,  ^^st 

Yale  University 

Yankton  CoH^ge...... 

YorS  Ccfllege..... .' .'.'.' 


^150 
•22 
45 
75 
17 
24 
60 
12-50 
50 
18 

(TO)  So 

60 

50 

100-150 

45 

175 

150 

85 

36 

(i)  300 

45 

100 
None. 

100 
30 
60 
60 


College.. 


{ni)  34-50 
50 
50 
54 

35 

40 

ill)  45 

140 

40 

60 

60 

40 
150 
150 
155  up. 

36 

31.  pO 


Living; 
Expenses, 
y<i!Vi(l,  etc. 


$350 

•  250 

100-125 

3i^5 

HI  2- 34  4 

IT.')- 200 

85-145 

0.0- 90 

144 

150-300 

1.54 

150  250 

850  500 

15.0-200 

275 

350 

120-300 

100 

(0 
225 
180 
200 


125-1.50 

•200 

ISO- '200 

140-220 

leo 

156-241 

180 

84 

(7/)  145 

100- '200 

126-lsO 

200-415 

120 

290 

22.5 

122rl60 

275 

250 

(J)  245 

1(^-U7 

90-|Q8 


Other  Ex- 
penses-Fees'- 
Books,  etc. 


■  $25 
15,-25 

75-l(W 

50 

3-15 

17 

5-10 

25^75 

"  50 

50-100 

50-150 

25 

25 

3()-'66 
10 
15 
15 

^^ 
25 

25-50 

15-25 

40 

75-100 

(.'/) 

10-30 

10-40 

30 

12-15 

'  25 
2Q-35 
50 
20 
20 
50 
30 

?i 

None. 


Productive 

Funds  — 

Amount  of. 


F^epeip.ta       I     Tot."il  Income,'     " 

from  |I^cluiluigTiiUipii  or 

Benef.-iotionR.   ,  fni^Mnnta^l  ClinraBT. 


.$1,312,60.0 


20,000 

11,165 

50^0,00 

280.  7S2 
42,000 
08, 000 
75,000 

5()8;258 

750.  OUO 

4,947,167 

60,000 

53,312 

243.000 

;, 522, 521 

5,000 

72,332 

None. 

1,308,000 

7.^0.000 

458.709 

2.5.000 

216,958 

l.^>3.000 

116.000. 

8o;ooo 

232.000 
30,000 


154.000 

4QQ,000 

135,000 

1,455,304 

60,000 

355,000 

97.238 
649,000 

8,34.8  ,'8441 
183,537 


None 
$i>00,00j9 
None. 
None. 
32,(]|00 


5  000 

96 '.502 

15,000 

244,811 

4,000 

21,744 

610. 000 

77,891 

5,000 

14,187 

None. 

340,115 

I'sioso 

4,000 

8.243 

106,000 

None 

14.363 

10. 000 

26.844 

16,000 

20.000 

20,0^0 

148, 266 

70,115 


12.700 
217,000 


$483,171 

66.(>"00 
98,000 
'2'21,651 
41.000 
37,266 


(c)  6,  .500 

'jouoao 

(0  50.302 

70.000 

500,940 

9.000 

488, 392 

96,196 

185.  9.60 

(c)4,<  00 

(c)  66.843 


509,038 

56',  774 

7,469 

25, 259 

13S.935 

224.3.53 

30, 737 

70,000 

39,345 

48,000 

87,544 

40,000 

170:600 

170. 555 

9,000 


24,794 
67,4'29 


98-5.229  c)l,08S,9^2/) 

11,459  30,049 

....      '  20.000 


The  University  of  Oxford  has  the  repiitation  of  h^ving^been  foqndedby  King  Alfred  in  873. 

The  first  college  of  the  University  of  Cambridge  was  fbiinded  bv  Hugo,  Bisliop  of  Ely,  ia  1'257 

The  Universitj' of  Paiis  was  founded  hy  King  Philip  If.  about  1200. 

The  first  university  ia  the  German  Empire  was  at  Prague,  Boliemji'.  1348. 

The  Czar  Alexander  I.'  founded  the  Universities  of  St.  Petersburg  and  Moscow  in  1802. 

The  oldest  Spanish  Univisrsity'is  fhatof  Sfilamancfi,  fqimded  in  1*240. 

The  University  of  CV:)penhagen,  Den.pij^r]^.  was  founded  in  1479. 

The  University  of  Upsala,  Sweaeii,  W-as  founded  in  14  <7. 

Tiie  oldest  Italian  universities  are  B6los:pa,  foundea  1*200 :  Pa(]ua,  1222;  Naples,  1234;  GeriQ?i, 
1243;  Per-ugia,  1276;  atacerata.  1290.  There  were  nine  more  fquii'dei]  befween  1300  and  1550.  Italy 
was  the  greatest  resot-l  of  students  for  the  higher  e^ucatlpii  in  ^;he  itiddle  Ages. 

Trinity  C:>llege,  Dublin,  wa'' incorporated  tiyroysl  charter  in  1591. 
•    The  Uuiversity  of  EdiuburghWas  founded  in  4^582  by  a  charter  granted  by  King  James  VI,  of 
Scotland. 

H3,fV9,rd  University  had  its  beginning  at  I^ewtown,  afterward  pkrnbridge,  l^fas-s.,  in  1636. 

Yale  University  had  its  beginning  at  Saybrdok,  Cf.,  in  17CK),  and  was  removed  to  New  Haven 
in  1716.  . 

Columbia  University  was  chartered  as  King's  College  in  1754.  The  name  was  changed  to  Oo- 
iumbia  College  in  1784  and  Columbia  Univer.sity  in  1806. 

Princeton  University,  founded  in  1746,  was  chartered  a3  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  and  did  not 
assumeits  present  name  officially  until  its  one  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  in  1806. 

William  a;ul  IVJary  College  (firsf  steps  ta^en  to v.avd  establishing  it  in  16l7)  erected  at  Williams- 
fcurg,  Va.,  and  charter  gvanted  in  1693.  '  ' 

'ITie  first  common  schools  establisl^ed  by  legi.slatjon  in  America  were  Ul  Massachusetts,  1045;  but 
the  first  town  school  was  oqenecj  at  If  artford,  Ct.,  prior  to  1642. 

The  tlniversitvof  Pennsylvania  had  its  beginning  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1740.  It  was  chartered 
in  1753  as  the  Academy  an4  Chaiipa'de  Schpol  in  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  and  received  a 
furth er  charter  as^  college  inl75p.     Jts  present  title  dates  from  179}. 

Th^  University  of  Jagielle,  of  Cracow,  Poland,  wl'iere  Copernicus  received  his  education,  was 
founded  in  1364  by  the  Folish  King  Kazimiers  the  Great,  and  endowed  by  a  later  PoJishKing, 
Jagielle,  in  140f?. 


554       Reference  Marks   Used  hi  Preceding  College   Tables. 


TABLE 

•  All  departments,  t  Co-education  of  the  sexes, 
t  Education  of  women  on!  v.  s  For  tlie  education  of 
colored  students.  JJ  ]\redical  Department  at  Mo- 
bile,  Ala.      tt  At    Athens,  Teini.,  also. 

(a)  Co-education  excepting  in  Art  Department. 

(6)  Co-education  in  Medicine  and  Law. 

(c)  No  restriction  as  to  color. 

id)  No  co-education  in  undergraduate  courses. 
Number  of  instructors  and  students  given  does 
not  include  the  Horace  Mann  or  Spoyer  schools. 

(e)  -Branches  at  Somervilleand  Boston. 

(O  C;onflnpd  strictly  to  post-graduate  work. 
The  national  university  of  the  cljurch. 

(r/)  Academic  and  Technical  Departments  at 
Fayetteville;  Law  and  Medical  Departments  at 
Little  Rock;  Normal  School  (for  negroes).  Pine 
Bluff,  Ark. 

(A)  and  at  Chicago. 

(i)  Co-education  iu  graduate  and  Medicine  De- 
partments. 

0)  For  Indians  and  colored  youths,  both  sexes. 

(A-)  Separate  Women's  College. 

(0  Kadcliffe  College  is   the  women's   college 

^TABLE 

•  All  departments,  f  Co-education  of  the  sexes. 
X  Education  of  women  only.  §  For  the  education 
of  colored  students.  **  Co-education  in  law, 
graduate  school  and  biology  coursesin  the  College. 

(«)  And  approximately  1,850  e.x-members, 

{b)  Commencement  four  times  a  year,  of  which 
the  largestis  June  9. 

(c)  For  colored  and  Indian  students. 

{d)  No  restriction  as  to  color. 

(e\  ISfrs.  Ella  C.  Turner,  Greenwood,  8.  C. ;  Mrs. 
J.  Z,  Chandler,  P^noree,  S.  C.  :  acLassof '72. 

(/)  Sarah  A.  Hillard,  Salem,  N.  J.  ;  Mrs.  A.  D. 
White,  Ithaca.  N.  V.;  ^^:lizabeth  TIolcomb,Char- 
lestown.  N.  H. ;  Mrs.  W.  H.  Appleton,  Swarth- 
more.  Pa.;  Lowndes  Taylor,  Westchester,  Pa.; 
all  class  of  '73. 

(.0)  Co- education  in  Graduate  and  Medical  School. 

(/()  Timothy  H.  Ball,  Crown  Point,  Ind. ,  and 
Arthur  Brittou,  Wyoming  Valley,  Wis.  ;  both 
cla.ss  of  '50. 

(i)  Warren  C.Eustis,Owatonna,  Minn.,  and  Henry 
M.  Williamson,  Portland,  Ore.;  botli  class  of '73. 

(?)  J.T.Jenifer,  Baltimore, Md.;  T  H.  .Jackson, 
Little  Rock.  Ark.;  I.  W.Welch,  Frankfort,  Ky. ; 
all  class  of  '70. 

(^-)    Frederick  Amos    Bristol,    South    Africa; 


ONE. 

atliliated  with  Harvard  University.  The  number 
of  instructors  and  students  shown  at  Radclitfe 
College  are  not  included  in  the  Harvard  totals. 

(»i)  Located  in  Pittsburgh  and  Allegheny. 

0*)  Hotli  sexes  are  taught  in  separate  colleges. 

(o)  Comprises  Adelbert  College  undergraduate 
for  men  and  women  and  associated  schools. 

(7)  Report  at  close  of  1906. 

(?)  Schools  Pharmacy  and  Medicine  at  Chicago. 

(.?)  Medical  Department  at  Galveston. 

(O  President  and  majority  of  Trustees  are 
Baptist.s. 

(it)  School  of  Mines  at  Rolla,  Mo. 

(»/;)  Co-education  in  law,  pedagogy,  graduate, 
and  commerce.  The  Undergraduate  Schools  are 
at  University  Heights,  Bronx  Borough,  New 
York  City;  Law,  Pedagogy,  Graduate,  and  Com- 
merce at  Washington  Square;  Medicine  at  East 
Twentv-sixth  Street  and  First  Aventie. 

(.r)  C'ollege  of  Liberal  Arts  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.; 
College  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  Minneapolis. 

\y)    Medical  Department  located  iu  Louisville. 


TWO. 

Henry  C  Cutting,  San  Francisco.  Cal.;  and 
Frank  H.  Norcross,  Carson  Git}-,  Nev. ;  all  class 
of ' 91. 

(0  Serena  Clay,  Lincoln,  111. ;  C.  Hatfield,  Ver- 
nonia.  Ore.;  J.  A.  Hudson,  Chicago,  111.  ;  Andrew 
Wallace,  Decatur,  111.;  all  class  of '68. 

(u)  J.  W.  Gillespie.  Washington,  D.  C.  :  Samuel 
F.  De  Ford,  Ottawa,  O. ;  W.  H.  Dressier,  Alli- 
ance O. ;  all  cla.ss  of  '58. 

(o)  Athens  School,  May  13. 

(9)  Report  at  close  of  1906. 

(J)  Mrs.  O.  J.W.  HaU.  Rev.  .1.  Hall,  Lyons,K;an., 
and  J.Cavaness,  Chanute,  Kan.;  all  class  of '66. 

(0  Rev,  John  Crowell.  E.  Orange,  N.J.,  and 
John  White  iviunroe,  Barton-on-Sound,  N.  V. 

(i()  J.  H,  Jones,  and  J.H.  Snyder,  Lecompton, 
Kan. 

(?«>)  S.  S.  Earlv,  N.  Easton,  Mass.;  O.  P.  Hood, 
Houghton,  Micii. ;  Benj.  McKeeu,  St.  Louis;  all 
class  of  '8.5.  ,,  ^ 

(.r)  Robt.  S.  Bean,  Salem ;  Mrs.  Ellen  C.  McCor- 
mack,  and  Matthew  S.  Wallis,  Eugene,  Ore.;  all 
cla.ssof'78. 

(2)  G.  F.  Bovard,  Minnie  C.  Miltimore,  and 
Friend  E.  Lacy,  Saa  Francisco,  Cal. ;  all  class 
of '84. 


TABLE 

*  Free  to  teachers.    *•  Maintained  by  the  city. 

t  At  U.  S.  :\rilitary  Academy  tuition  is  free.  Ca- 
dets are  paid  $609.50  per  year  each  by  the  Govern- 
ment, out  of  which  they  pay  their  own  expenses 
for  board,  clothing,  etc.  ;  living  expenses  average 
about  $230  per  annum.  Total  appropriations  for 
the  support  of  Militarv  Academv  by  Congress  last 
college  year,  $686,678.  tt  Supported  by  Peabody 
Fund. 

5  AtU.  S.  Naval  .Academy  tuition  is  free.  Mid- 
shipmen are  paid  §.500  per  year  each  bv  the  Gov- 
ernment, out  of  which  they  pay  their  own  ex- 
penses for  board,  clothing,  etc.  ;  living  expenses 
average  about  $24  per  month. 

X  Education  of  women  onlv. 

XX  Except  Law,  $45;  Medicine, $45. 

kh  Income  from  tuition,  board,  or  incidental 
charges  only. 

IT  Free  to  those  preparing  for  the  ministry. 

(a)  I'^or  colored  students. 

('»)  [n  making  up  the  figures  for  Columbia  L^ni- 
versity,  Barnard  College,  Teachers'  College,  and 
the  New  Vork  College  of  Pharmacy  are  included, 
because  these  institution:,  although  independent 
corporations  financially,  are  integral  parts  of  the 
educational  system  of  Columbia  University. 

(c)  Exclusive  of  benefactions. 

(d)  -Average— academic,  $75;  engineering,  $75; 
law.  i^lOO;  medicine,  $87.50. 

{f)  Collesre   of  Arts,  free;  other  departments 
average  $80-90. 
C/)  Average. 


THREE. 

(r/)  College  of  Engineering  $12,  law  $40  and 
medicine  $50. 

(h)  Free  to  $150.    Varies  with  course. 

(i)  Living  expenses  included  iu  tuition  charges. 

0)  In  CoJlege  of  Liberal  Arts. 

(A,-)  Medical  School,  $200. 

(I)  Law,  $50;  no  charge  in  other  branches. 

(»i)  Free  to  State  residents. 

in)  46.080  acres  of  land  that  cannot  be  sold  for 
less  than  $10  per  acre. 

(o)  Free  in  Academic  and  Engineering  Depta.; 
$75  in  Law  School ;  $100  iu  Medical  School ;  $60 
in  School  of  Pharmacv. 

(')))S150  for  students  residing  in  New  Jersey; 
$225  for  non-  residents. 

(g)  Report  at  clo.se  of  1906. 

(»•)  Total  value  of  property  held, $17, 892, 136. 

(if)  Excluding  Medical  College  in  N.  \  .  City. 

((/M  $10-$25  for  residents;  $20- $35  for  non- 
residents.  ^^,^ 

( r)  Free  except  in  Law  Dept. ,  $60  a  year. 

f.i/)  Charges  for  books,  fees,  etc.,  included  m  liv- 
ing expenses. 

(z)  Free  to  citizens  of  Uni.ted  States. 

(oa)  Residentsof  State,  $5;  Non- residents,  $25. 

(hh)  Academic,  Engineering,  Agriculture,  liaw 
$60;  Pharmacy,  $30;  Medicine,  $100;  Dentistry. 
$150. 

(Tc)  Total  unclassed  funds. 

(^^)  I'ractically  free.  ♦      ,  ,  .,      ., 

(.oo)  Exclusive  of  Medical  Dept.,  Mobile,  Ala. 


m)t   J^uIjUC   <Sclj00l!3    Oi   KtU)    Xorit   mtSi.  555 

(Coinpilt-d  by  A.  Emerson  Palmer,  Secretary  df  the  IJoanl  itf  Education.) 
Public  education  in  New  York  City  began  with  the  founding  of  the  Free  School  Society 
(aftei  1820  the  I'ublic  School  Societyl  in  Ison.  The  soclt  ty  began  in  a  sinall  way,  depending 
upon  private  subscripiions,  but  soon  rec-ived  aiil  from  the  city.  It  gradually  expanded,  and 
unrt.il  1S42  had  control  of  the  moneys  supplied  for  educational  purposes  by  the  city  and  the 
common  school  fund  of  the  State.  This  condition  oi:  affairs  was  unique.  The  society,  being 
under  the  direction  of  liia'h-niinded  citizens,  en.ioyed  a  lai-gc  decree  of  public  confidence.  So 
anonialouG  a  system  could  not  last,  howe\er,  and  by  an  act  ni  the  Legislature.  i)assed  in 
1^4::,  the  Boaid  of  Education  was  established.  The  Public  School  Socitty  continued  to  con- 
duot  its  schools  until  l.Soo,  wiien,  by  mutual  consent,  they  wcre  al!  taken  over  by  the  Doard. 
'i'he  society  at  that  time  liad  more  than  a  hundred  scnools;  the  value  of  the  property  it 
transferred  to  the  city  was  estimated  at  $4."iU.0U0.  and  during  its  existence  it  educated  some 
l,OU,00t)  children.  -  The'  Board  of  Education  was  an  elective  body  from  1S42  to  isTl,  the  mem- 
bers being  chosen  first  by  wards  and  from  ISGo  by  school  districts:  since  1871  they  have 
been  appointed  by  the  Mayor.  In  Brooklyn  a  Board  of  Education  was  created  in  1n4o;  the 
members  were  chosen  by  the  Common  Council  until  1862,  in  which  year  the  appointing  power 
was  vested  in  the  Mayor.  When  consolidation  took  effect,  in  18!»8,  separate  school  boards 
were  provided  for  the  several  boroughs  (Manhattan  and  the  Bronx  being  united),  with  a 
central  Board  of  Education  (a  delegated  body)  having  charge  of  the  finances,  the  erection 
and  repair  of  buildings,  the  acquiring  of  sites,  the  purchase  and  disti-ibution  of  supplies, 
etc.  This  system  was  dropped  on  the  revision  of  the  Charter  in  1!)U1,  and  since  l!t02  there 
has  been  one  Board  of  Education  for  the  city.  It  consists  of  forty-six  members — twenty-two 
for  Manhattan,  fourteen  for  Brooklyn,  four  each  for  the  Bronx  and  Queens,  and  two  for 
Richmond.     Th»ir  term  of  office  is  five  years. 

The  Board  of  Superintendents,  consisting  of  the  city  superintendent  of  schools  and 
eight  associate  superintendents,  has  large  powers  in  the  nomination,  promotion,  and  trans- 
fer of  teachers,  the  recommendation  of  text-books  ana  scholastic  supplies,  the  determina- 
tion of  courses  of  study,  the  fixing  of  qualifications  for  teachers'  licenses,  etc.  Its 
important  acts  require  the  approval  of  the.  Board  of  Education.  There  are  twenty-six 
district  superintendents,  whose  duties  are  to  visit  schools  and  observe  the  work  of  teachers. 
The  Board  of  Examiners  (consisting  of  the  city  superintendent  and  four  examiners)  con- 
ducts all  examinations  for  would-be  teachers,  and  prepares  eligible  lists.  The  school  super-' 
intendents  and  examiners,  as  well  as  the  supervisor  of  free  lectures,  the  sui>erintendent  of 
school  buildings,  and  the  superintendent  of  school  supplies  (whose  duties  are  indicated  by 
their  titles),  have  terms  of  six  years  eacit.  The  Board  of  Education  appoints  all  these  offi- 
cials, and  also  a  secretary  and  auditor,  having  no  fixed  term.  Principals  and  teachers  are 
appointed  by  the  Board  of  Edtication  on  the  nomination  of  the  Board  of  Superintendents. 
The  merit  system  is  in  full  operation,  and  teachers  are  appointed  in  order  of  standing. 
Beginners  are  on  probation  for  three  years,  their  licenses  being  renewable  from  year  tc 
year;  when  permanently  licensed,  their  tenure  is  assin-ed,  and  they  cannot  be  removed 
except  on  charges.  New  teachers  are  appointed  only  after  pursuing  a  training  school  course. 
The  budget  appropriation  of  the  Department  of' Education  for  11)07  was  $24,'.Jir),!)2S.]6,  of 
which  $19,S4."'),S70.58  constituted  the  general  school  fund  (for  teachers'  salaries).  For  IOCS' 
the  Board  has  asked  $.31. 641. .326. 75.  The  bulk  of  the  large  increase  is  due  to  a  proposed 
increase  in  the  salaries  of  many  teachers.  A  woman  teacher  now  enters  the  system  at  $(;00 
a  year,  fnd  advances,  with  yearly  increments  of  $40,  to  $1,240.  In  the  upper  grades  the 
maximum  salaries  are  $1,320  and  $1,440.  Under  the  proposed  schedule  the  beginning  salary 
will  be  $720.  the  annual  increment  $48.  and  the  maximtmi  $1,440.  This  applies  to  the  great 
majority  of  teachers  in  elementary  schools.  Men  teachers  in  these  schools  now  start  at  $000 
and  go  up  to  .$2,400.  Men  principals  of  elementary  schools  receive  $.3,500,  and  .women  prin- 
cipaJs  $2,500.  In  high  schools  the  salaries  for  women  range  from  $700  to  $2..500,  and  for 
men  from  $000  to  $3,000.  Principals  of  high  schools  are  paid  $5,000,  and  $5.m)0  is  the  salary 
of  district  superintendents  and  examiners.  Associate  superintendents  receive  $6,500.  The 
salary  of  the  city  superintendent  is  $10,000.  The  number  of  elementary  schools  is  400 — 17!> 
in  Manhattan,  1.52  in  Brooklyn,  43  in  the  Bronx,  82  in  Queens,  and  34  in  Richmond.  The 
number  of  high  schools"  is  fourteen,  besides  six  high  school  departments  in  elementary 
.school  buildings  in  Queens.  There  are  also  three  training  schools  for  teachers  and  tvv^o 
truant  schools.  In  the  elementary  schools  there  are  1.243  men  and  12.766  women  teachers;* 
in  high  schools,  .520  men  and  5.56  women.  In  the  evening  schools  (high  and  elementary)' 
there  az'e  1,186  men  and  8.33  women  teachers.  Seventy-seven  attendance  officers  enforce  the 
Compulsory  Education  law.     The  latest  available  figures  show  the  attendance  as  follows: 

Elementary  .Schools.  „■  -^  Elementary  Scdools.  IHirh 

(Kindergarten   I'rimury,  g  j^^,  (Kinaer^arte,s  ITimary,  ^ 


Manhattan    2.38.;'.84  7.014 

Brooklvn     194,003  10.535 

The    Bronx 5i,til7  2,154 

Queens     ,3.s,741  2.122 


Richmond    11,509  ^544 

Total    5.34,254  22.309 


Number  on  part  titne  (three  and  three-fourths  hours  per  day),  elementary  schools: 


Manhattan    10.(^3 

Brooklvn    43.18S 

The    Bronx 2,060 

Queens    9,<H>S 

Number  of  sittings: 


Richmond    92 


Total    70.351 


Elementary  S.hools.  High  Schools.  Elementary  Schools.  High  Schools. 


Manhattan    278..333  11,1-JS 

Brooklvn U»S.'.n3  10,467 

The    Bronx 58.47S  2,.326 

Queen.q    41.103  2.931 


Richmond    14.702  704 


Total    591. .529  27.576 


The  number  of  new  sittings  supplied  since  September,  1006,  has  been  68,035,  and  th© 
reduction  in   tl;<3  number  of  part-time  pupils  has  been   12.o78. 

Teuehers  ircapacitated  after  thirty  year.s'  seivice  are  retired  on  pensions  (half  pay); 
the  number  of  retired  teachers  Is  9.37.  School  building.s  and  sites  are  paid  for  with  the  uroceeds 
of  city  bond.s  (corporate  stock);   the  amount  issued  since  consuliciation  has  been  $7.3,522,070. 


556 


J- residents  of  Universities,  and  Ooitea&s. 


l^xtnitstwxn  ni  mxiiSitvniXitu  anlj  (!roUf|>c.v. 


'lF2i-'23 — Zephanifih    li.    Moore, 
182.i-44 — Ileiuaii   llumphiey. 
lS-ii-54 — ISdwaid   Hitchcock. 


l"tG4-Pl— James   Manning. 
17'.i2-l^:')2— Jonathan  Maxey. 
lS04-2<>— Asa  Mcsser. 
1827'G5— Francis  Way  land. 


1754-63— Samuel    Johnson, 
17<;3-TS  -  Myles   Coopor. 
17D2-1SOO— AVni.    S,    Johnson. 
1801-11— Benjamin    Moore. 


1867-85— Andrew  D.  \Miite. 


177'0-7n~Eleazer  Wheelock. 
1770-1  Sir.— John  Wheelock. 
1815-20— Fi ancis   Brown. 


1640      — Katlianfol    Eaton. 
in40-n4 — IlGhi'V   Dunstcr. 
l(jr)4-72 — Charips    Chauncy. 
lti72-74 — I^eonard   Hoar. 
1675-81 — Uriaii    Oakes. 
1()S2-S4 — John    Rogers. 
lGSn-1701 — Inorease   Mather. 
1701-07 — Samuul    Willard, 


AMHEnS'f  COLLEdfe. 

isii4-7l'> — ^Yillianl  A.   f^\e:irns. 
it>7tJ-yO— Julius  II.   Set'iye. 


BROWN  UNIVER«}tl'T. 

1855-G7 — Barn?..*    Sears. 
18U7-0S— Gecrire    Ide   Chace, 
lS(jf>-72 — Alexis   Cas\<  ell. 

cohtmBta  iTNiVtinf^i'TY. 

iSl  1-2;)— William    Hanis. 
l)*2!»-42— William  A.   Du^-r, 
is  12r4;)— Nathaniel    V.    Mool-ei 
lo4l>-C4 — Charles  Kingr. 

CORNELL,  TJNIVBRSITY. 
I  iS^5-y2><;harles    IC.    Adams. 

DARTMOUtii  COLLEGE. 
1S20-21— Daniel    Dana. 
1S22-28— Bennett   Tyler; 
1828-08— Nathan    J^ord* 

HARVARD  UNIVERSITY. 


s  aSf>0-yD— Meiriil    E.    n-.tc-H. 
iSOi)      — Gi-orge     llariid. 


1872-80- E.    G.    Robinson. 
l'J.Si>-'J8— B!i.«ha     IJ      Andrews. 
lb»9       — Wiix,    H.    P.    Faunce, 


I  IKCA  8^— Fred.  Ai.  P,  Barnard, 

l^i>0-iyyi— SRth  iidw. 

lUOl       —Nicholas  M,   Bullor, 


I  lSt)2 


-Jacob  G,  Sehufittan 


1707-24 
•> 


John   Jjoverett. 
172.~i-:',7— Bonl.    Wadsworth. 
17;57-n!»- -Edward    Holyoke. 
1770-7:^. — Sr-imuol    Lovkf. 
1774-80 — Samuel    LsiicrdoTi. 
i7si-lsOi — Joseph  Willard. 
]S0(i-10— Samuel    Webber. 
1810-28— John   T.   KJrklahd. 


186.3-77 — Asa    Dodg-a    Sm'.th. 
J^77-ti2 — Samuel    C.    Bartlett. 
1893      —William  J.   Tucker. 


,  182!)-4n— Josiah   Qllincy. 
)  ],«i4(;.49_Edward   ENCl-iilt. 
I  LS40-5.-!— Jared    SparUfe. 

185;j-«:;d — James    Walker. 

It;60-fi2— Cornelius    C.    Feltoti. 

lSC2-Uy— Thomas    Hill. 

1SG9      — Charles  W.   Eliot. 


1875-1900— Daniel  C. 


JOHNS  HOPKINS  UNIVERSITY. 
Gilman.  I  1901      —Ira   Remsen.  j 


1746-47 — Jonathan    Dickinson. 
1748  37 — ^Aaron   Burr. 
1758-59 — Jonathan    Edwards. 
1759-01 — Samuel    Davie.?. 
17t31-tJO — Samuel    Finley. 


1858-7.3— John    C. 
1874-75 — IjiMUUel 


Burroughs. 


PRINCETON   UNT-^-ERSlTY. 

17C8-94— John   Witherspoon. 
]7.;4-1812— Samuel    S.    Smith. 
1812-22— A shbel    Green. 
1823-53 — James    Carnahan. 

LTSTRT^RSITY   OF   CHICAGO. 

I  1S78-H5 — Galushfi    AttflPrsorl. 
I  1891-1900 — Wni.   R.   Harper. 


18.3S-68— John   MacLean. 
],';'(58-SR— James    McCosh. 
18SS-1902 — Francis   L.   Patton. 
1902      — Wbodrow    Wilson. 


lOOG      — H.  P.  Judson, 


lS52-0.'5— H.    P.   Taopan. 
1SC3-69— Erastus  6,  Haven. 


ITNIVERSITT    OF    MICHIGAN 
lSt;9-71 — Henry    S.    Friece* 


1871     — James  B.   Angell. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


1754-79- William    Smith. 
1779-1882— John   Ewing. 
180f)-10  -  J.^p.n    MoDuwell, 
1810-1^— John  Andx-ews. 


1825  — Cfor-j'c 
1820  — Ilo^slev 
1827  —J Jill  T 
3S28-  — lJcor.{?e 
lh28-ao— liobley 
lS30-:i2— RoLeri 
38.'i2-:'..i — George 


Tufkfr. 
iJunfflioon, 
.    Lomax. 
Tueker. 
Dunglison. 
M.   Patterson. 
Tucker. 


1833-35 — C.  Bonnycastle. 


1862-04 — jVIilo  P.   Jewett. 
1S05-7S — John    II.    Raymond. 


1813-28— Fredti-ic    Beask-v. 
1.S28-34— AVm.    H.    DeLanoey. 
]8.">4-."i2 — John   Ludlow. 
1854-59 — Henry    Vethake. 

UNIVERSITY    OF    VIRGINIA. 
]s:r.-;;7  — .1  )hn   A.   O.  t>avis. 
18:!7-:j'.) — Gessnor    Harrison. 
]M:9-40  — John  A.  G.   ITnvis. 
iMU-42  -Gessnef   Harris,  in. 
1842-44-.-H.    St.    G.    Tucker. 
1S44-45— W.    B.    Rogers. 
lv4.-.-4't~E*l.    H.    Couitney. 
lS4(;-47— James    L.    Cabell. 

VASSAR    CbLLEGE. 

1878-85— Samuel  L.  Caldwell. 
1885-80 — James   R.    Kcudrick. 


18G0-68— Darilel  R.    Goodwin. 
180S-8O— Cnarles  J.    Stille. 
1881-95 — Williain  Pepper. 
1895      —Charles   C.   Harrison, 


1847-.'"i4  --Gessp'^r    Tuiridson. 
lS-,4-70— S.    MUiidn. 
J 870-73 — Chailert    S.    Venablfe. 
1873-sO— James    F.    Harrisr:'i. 
18S0-SS— Charles  S.   Venable 
1,ss8-9t; — W.    M.    Thornton. 
J';:»0-l904— P.    B.    Barrlngr^r. 
1904       — E,   A.    Alderman. 


188G 


-James  M,   Taylor. 


1775-DS— ■^ViiHam    Grdham. 
179S-99— S.    L.   Canii)beU. 
l79'.)-r-529— Ge...r.ire    k.    Bai 
1830-34— Louis   Marshall. 


WASHINGTON    AND    LEE    UNIVERSITY. 


ter. 


1  S35-.l0~! le n ry  V 3 1 hake. 
1836-4S— Henry  Ruffner. 
i848-r  1  —  (jeorge  .i urikin. 
1805-70 — Robert    E.    Lee. 


1871-97 — Geor!?e  'VN'.  C.   Lee; 
1897-'.!9— -W.   L.   Wilaort. 
].,0u-01— il.   St.   G.   Tucker. 
1902      —George   H.    Denny. 


The  Rhodes  /Scholarship  at  Oocford  University. 


557 


PRESI{)ENTS  OP  UNIVPRSITIEB  AMP  COLLEGES— CbJi^i/iMet?. 


17!W-1815— Ebenezer    Fitch. 
IS  15-21— Zeph   S.    Moore. 
1S21-30— Edward  D.  Griffin. 


1701-07- 
1707-19- 
1719-22- 
1725-.'{0- 
17-10-66- 


-Abraham  i^ierson. 
-Samuel    Andrew. 
-Tim'otliy    Cutlpr. 
-Elisha   Williams. 
■Thoiifias  Clap. 


WILLIAMS   eOLLEGE. 

l.S;i6-72— Mark    Hopkins. 
1S72-S1— P.   A.    Chadbourne. 

YALE   UNIVERSITY. 

17(>6-77— rCaphtali  Daggett. 
1778-95 — Ezra  Stiles. 
1795-1817— Timethy     Dwight. 
1817-46— Jeremiah  Day. 


Isai-lQQl— Franklin  Carter. 
1902      —Henry  Hopkins. 


1846-71— Theo.  D.  Woolsey. 
1871-86— Noah    Porter. 
1886-99- Timothy    Dwight. 
1899      —Arthur   T.   Hadley. 


SUPEPJNTENDENTS    UISTITED    STATES    MILITARY    ACADEMY. 

West    Point,    N.    Y. 


1802-03 

1805-12 
1812-17 
1817-33 
lsa3-3S 
18:'.S-45 
1845  """ 
1852 


52 
55- 


185m-uQ 


l8i5-47- 

1847-qO 

lS5q-5S- 

18.53-37- 

1857-05 

18j;5-6t|- 

1569-7^- 


-J.  Williams. 
-J.    Williams. 
-Joseph   G.    Swift. 
-S.vlvanus   Thayer. 
-Rerje   !E.    Do   Russy. 
-itjchanl    Deiafield. 
-Hpnry  Brewsrton. 
-Uobert   E.    Lee. 
-John  G.   BaVnard. 


1856- 
1S()1 
I8'0t 
ISCl- 
1  sO  t 


81— Richard 


—P.  < 


T- 


T, 


Pelafield. 
I;eauregq.|-d. 
RipHard    Deiafield. 
64 — AIpx.   H.   Bowrpan. 
—  Zealous    JJ.'    Tptt'^er. 
1804-66- Georgfj.  W.    CuUum. 
J 8i;n-71— Thomas   (^    Pij^dher. 
1871-70— Thomas  H.-   Ru^er. 


1876-81- 

-82- 


-John  M.   Schofieia. 
Oliver  O.    Howard. 


!-87— Wesley  '  Merritt. 
1887-80- John   '"    "     " 


1881- 

1882-    .  ... 

G.  Parke. 
188"Ji-93— John  M.   WiJgon. 
189.3-98- Oswald    H.  '  Ernest. 
1898-1906— Albert  'T.   Mills. 
1906'      —Hugh  L.    Scott. 


SUPERINTENDENTS    UNITED    STATES    NAVAL    ACADEMY. 


-F,    Ruchanqn. 

(Jeorge    P'.    tfpshur. 
-a.   If.   StrUiling. 

li.    M.    Gi>|dsh6roug"h. 
-Georpe  S.  Blake, 
-ttavid    D.    t'(iV\oX' 
-John  L.  Wprderi. 


Annapolis,    ^d. 

1874-78- C.    R.    P.    podger."?. 
1878-79— Foxi-jall   A.  Parker. 
1879-81— George    B.    Balch. 
1881      — C   R.   \\   Rodgevs. 
1881-86— F.   il.    Ram;.i:ay. 
1886-90— W.  "i.    Sampspp. 


1890-94— R,    L.    Phythlan. 
:  804-98— P.    H.    Cooper. 

S9g-19P0— F.    V.   McNair. 

900-02— Richard  Wainwright. 

905-05— W.   H.   Brownsbn.'  " 
;  90o      — James  H.  Sahds._ 


Cecil  Rhodks,  statesman,  who  died  at  Cape  Town,  South  Africa,  liaraJi  2«5,  1902,  directed  in 
his  will  dated  July  1,  1899,  that  a  part  of  his  fortune,  estimated  at  $1Q, 0^0,000,  slioiikl  he  applied  to 
the  creation  of  a  fund  for  the  support  of  a  certain  number  of  sclioiarships  covering  a  three- yeitr-s 
course  at  the  University  of  Qjfqrd.  lie  directed  that  tbg  se.lectio.li  p|  the  recipients  of  this  gift  should 
be  made  two  fr  )m  each  Slate  and  Territory  or  tlie  United  'States,  or  one  hundred  iu  all,  fifteen  from 
Germany  and  from  one  iq  nine  froiu  each  of  the  British  Colonies.  The  scholarships  are  awarded  Qn 
marks  only,  three- tenths'  w'iiereof  shall  be  given  to  a  candidate  Idc  his  "Literary  and  Schohustic'' 
altainments,  the  remainder  being  for  his  love  of  outdoor  athletics  and  siiprts,.  foe  strong,  ma'nl.v 
qnalltiessuch  t>.s  courage,  generosity  and  kindness,  and  for  high  mpiial  fch^japteo^  and  especllilly  for 
ambition  to  serve  andlead  in  large  public  afiairs.  ,..,-- 

The  agencies  for  flnal  selection  V;iry  a  good  deal.  Scholars  from  Cape  Colojiy  are  chosen  by  the 
individual  scho;)ls'to  Vvhich  tlie  sclioiarships  are  (^specially  assigned.  'Tp  .several  of  tJie  Canadian 
provinces  and  in  a  lew  States  of  the  Americstn  Unjoiiit  has  been  decidpd'thab  an  appointment  shall 
ne  made  in  rotation  by  the  leading  uiiiver.sities.  under  tin's  system  the  field  of  selection  each  yt-aris 
somewhat  narrowed,  but  it  is  possible  to  carry  out  more  closelythau  otherwise  the  suggestions  made 
by  IVIr.  Rhodes,  who  appears  to  liave  had  iii  ids  mind  selection  by  ^  siifgle.  inslitntibn.  The  five 
German  students  for  wliom  annual  provision  isniade  are  nominated,  acpording  to  the  terms  of  Mio 
will,  by  the  E.m'peror  himself.  In  the  great  majority  of  the  States  of  the  Uniou.  in  outlying'colppieB 
like  Bermuda,  Jamaica  and  Newfoundland,  in  lour  iiroVinces  df  Canada,  \\\  I^ew  Zealfqid  auQ  thfe 
States  of  Aiisti-alia,  the  final  choice  of  the  sCliolar  in  left  in  the  hands  of  a  Conmiittee  of  Selection,. 
Gre^t  care  has  been  taken  ia  the  constitution  of  tlicse  committees,  as  it  has  heen  ielfthao  on  the 
wise  and  impartial  exercise  of  their  judgment  depends  more  titan  upon  anything  else  the  full 
success  of  the  scheme.  '        '  .  •;,  ,. 

In  rnost  of  the  States  thf^  selection  is  made  hy  &  committee  appointed  by  representatiyes  ol  the 
colleges;  in  some  tlie  appointments  a?-e  made  in  rotation  by  tlie  leading  colleges. 

The  conditions  regulating  the  award  of  sch(^larships  in  the  Americau  States  provide  that  the 
candidates' shall"  have  satTsfactbrlly  completed  the  work  of  at  least  two  years  in  somecolleye  of  liberal 


arts  and  sciences.  Kxceut  uqc^ef  e:^trrtpftiii]i)ry  cij-pvimstfvupps  {^he  Vipper  ago  Jiipit  must  be  twenty- four 
years  at  the  time  of  entering  upon  the  scholarship  &t  rixfoid  I    ToBe  eligible  the  candidate  must  be  a 


t|^e  student  hp  should  gp  q-bro^d  W}tli  fiJiSmtwq  lUill 

diL'd  dollars  in  his  possession!       '  '  '  ^ 

At  tbe  begiqning  of  Michaelmas  te^m.  Qctober,  1904,  theve  eptered  Qsfprf|  seven ty- 1 jvp  Khofjes 
§clh)lar.s;  forty-tl^ree  vvpre  Americans,  twenty-fp'.ir  polonials  and  five  Gerjijuns.  Ifi  lUf^Q.  tjjf;  full 
nuniber,  190  in  al],  \yere  in  residp'ice,  s^nd  then-after  this  number  will  be  }|i|^!)iiainpi],  thQ  vaciiucies 
being  filled  as  mpii  comiiltte  their  thro'e-years'  cmirse.'  The  next  examination  iii  tfi6  fnitod  States 
wijl  take  place  in  January,  19Q8.  There  will  be  examinations  also  jn  lyiQ,  If^ll,  1{^1;>,  1014, 
a.ncisoQn,  omitting  every  third  year.  Theexamination-sarePPtcomRetitive,  tVntqualifynifr!  Inqi'nijes 
as  to  particulars  by  intending  candidates  may  be  addressed  tp  any  college.  riifprniatioijaboijtOxfprcl 
its  cqllegefj  ?md  eourse  of  studies,  should  be  addressed  to  F.  J.  Wylie,  the  Oxford  agent  of  the  RliQae: 
trustees,  Oxford,  England. 


es 


558 


American  College  Frateri titles. 


^mcincaii  (tMt^t  iFraterm'tics. 

MEN'S    GENERAL    FRATERNITIES. 


Fraternity. 


AlphaChi  llho 

Alplia  Delta  Plii 

Alpha  Tan  Omega 

l>e:a  'I'heta  Pi 

(hi  Psi 

])elta  Kaopa  Kpsilou.. 

Delta  Phi" 

Delta  Psi 

DeltaSicma  Phi  

DeltaTau  Delta 

Delta  T^psiloii 

Kappa  Alpha  (North). 
Kappa  Alpha  (Soiilh). 

Kappa  Sigma ., 

Omega  Pi  Alpha 

Phi  Delia  Thfla 

Phi  Gamma  Delta 

Phi  Kappa  Psi 

Phi  Kappa  Sigma 

Phi  Sigma  Kappa 

Pi  Kappa  Alpha 

Psi  Upslloti 

Sigma  Alpha  Kpsilon . . 

Sigma  Chi , 

Si2:raa  Xn 

Siirma  Phi 

Sizma  Phi  Epsilon 

ThetaChi 

Theta  Delta  Chi 

TiietaXi(Eng  ,Scien.) 
ZetaPsi 


Total 199,606  1035 


490 

10,863 

7,600 

15,057 

4.394 

4.500 

16,000 

3,600 

2,500 

715 

8.900 

9,700 

1.100 

7,200 

8,755 

312 

16.'548 

10,500 

10,500 

3,700 

2,500 

2,500 

10,86»» 

13,000 

8,075 

6,000 

1,400 

700 

625 

5,000 

1,012 

5.500 


10 
24 
58 
70 
20 
18 
43;  11 
11!      5 


50     28 


7 
49 
76 

6 
71 
56 
43 
26 
23 
29 
22 
70 
56 
58 

8 
19 

3 
25 
10 


1 

5 

23 
26 
11 


N.itioDal  Secretary. 


5 
2 

11 
15 
0 
23 
25 

Si 

s 

i; 

27 

21 

14 
o 

0 
0 
16 
1 
9 


346 


6 
24 
45 

fl 

15 
18 
20 

0 

8: 

4 
12 
34' 

80 
50, 

.4: 

45i 
30 

18 

oo 

2r>: 

20 

49 

44 

42 

8 

9 

3 

19 

10 

15 


.,11KI1. 


Trinitv,  1895  

Hamilton,  1832 

Va.  >nii!;!ryln.st.,1865. 

Miami.  1839 

Princeton,  1824 

rMion,1841 

Vale.  1844 

rnion,1827 

Colniiibia,1847. . . 
Coil.  Citvof  N.  V 

l)ethaiiv,1859 

Williams.  1834 

I'n ion.  1825 .    . 

Wash' ton  and  I,f^e.l«65 
I'niveisit  V  Va. .  I>i69. 
Coll. Ci IV  of  X.  v..  1901 

MlMiui.  1848 

Wash.  &.le(TersiHi,  1848 
Wash.  &  .Ictleison.  1H:V2 
r-niversitv  Penn. ,  1850. 
Mass.  Asi'l  Coll..  1873.. 
ruiversity  Va.,  1868... 

Union.  18.53 

lTniv..Alal)ama,  1856.  .. 

Miam i ,  is.5,5 

Va. Military  Inst. .1869. 

Union,  1827 

Richmond  College,  19<11 
.Xorwich  T'niv. ,  1856.  . . 

Union, 1848 

Rensselaer  P.  Inst. .  1864 
N.  Y. University,  1847.. 


Carlton  H.  Hayes, New  York  City. 

Kolicrt  A.  (Jnnn.  Xew  VorkCitv. 

Ii.W.(;ia7,cl>rook.M.  D.,Wash.",  D.  C. 

Francis  \V.  Si)epardson,Chicago.Ill. 

Then.  B.  Appel.M.  D.. Lancaster! Pa. 
'fJeo.P.  IJicliardsou,  Xe\vark,X"..l. 

Davjil  B. Simpson.  New  York  f 'jtv. 
;,\rllinr(i.  Freeland,Nc\v  Yorkcity. 

(.Vo  Xatioiuil  secretary.  ) 
iMe.\er  Bo>key,  Xew  York  Citv. 

Henry  1'.  Bruck.Mt.  Savage,  M"d. 

11.  S.  smallej-,  .Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Theo.  c;ilman,.Ir. ,  Xew  York  City. 

V.  Otis  Robert.son,  Jackson,  Miss, 
;  Herbert  M.  INlartin,  Danvdie.  Va. 
Clarence  K.  Seipel.X^ew  Y'oik  City. 

Samuel  K    Riiirk.  Tndinnapolis, lud. 

t'iiomas  r..  Poene,  Cihcinnati,  O. 

Henry  JT.  McCovkle.Xew  "S'ork  (""it.v. 

Herbert  Stotesbnry, Philadelphia,  Pa. 
: Henry  H.  Dyrsen,  New  York  City. 
IHnsrh  IS!.  McAllister, Covington, Va, 

Ceorge  S.  Coleman,  Xew  York  City. 
iClar.  W.Stowell,  Providence.  II. 1. 
'Herbert  C.  Arms.Cliicagf),!)!. 
I  Clarence  E.  Woods,  l'ichmond,Ky. 
!  .\lex.  Dnane,  M.  D.,  Xew  York  City. 

Samuel  K.  Phillips,  Kichmond,  Va. 

(^e(nse  H.  Chopin,  Jr.,  Boston, Ma.ss. 

Walter  M.  (iilbert,  WashinKton,r).C. 

Frank  H.  Lanagan.  Albany,  N.  V. 

Robert  B.  Austin,  New  York  City. 


6951 


WOMEN'S    GENERAL    FRATERNITIES. 


Aloha  Chi  Omega 

Alpha  Omicron  Pi 

Alpha  Phi 

Alpha  Xi  Delta 

Beta  Sigma  Omicron . . 

Chi  Omega 

Delta  Delta  Delta 

DeltaGamma 

DeltaSigma 

Gamma  Phi  Beta 

Kappa  Alpha  Theta. . . 

Kappa  Delta 

Kappa  Kappa  Gamma 

Phi  Mu . 

Pi  Beta  Phi , 

Sigma  Kappa 

Sigma  Sigma  Sigma. 
Zeta  Tau  Alpha 


Total. 


1,500 

12 

366 

8 

1,691 

14 

700 

13 

500 

10 

1,200 

21 

1,700 

23 

2,052 

18 

180 

3 

l,3t)0 

12 

3,641 

28 

708 

12 

6,000 

33 

2,000 

8 

4.621 

38 

550 

9 

210 

8 

350 

8 

1 

0 
0 
0 

u 
1 
1 

10 
0 
0 
9 
2 

10 
0 

IS 
2 
0 
4 


29,2691  276'    53   109 


7 
3 
7 
6 
2 

Q 

8 
13 

0 

6 
14 

0 
11 

o 

18 
3 
0 
0 


De  Pauw  Univ. ,1885... 
Barnard  Col  lege,  1897. . 
Syracuse  Univ.,  1872.. 
Lombard  College,  1893. 
Missouri  StateUn. .1888. 
Univ.  Arkansas.  1895. . . 
Boston  Univ.  ,1888.  ... 
Warren  re.  Ins.,  1873-4. 

Brown  L^niv.  .1901 

Syracuse  Univ.,  W4. . . 
De  Pauw  TTniv. ,  1870... 
Va.  State  Normal,  1897 i 
Monmouth  College,1870[ 
Wesleyan  College,  1852. 1 
Monmouth  Collee:e,1867 
Colby  College,  1874.... 
Va.  State  Xormal,  18^8! 
Va.  State  Normal,  1898 


Imo  v..  Baker,  Champaign,  111. 
Elizabeth  Toms, New  York  City. 
Mrs.  Lucy  L.  Roe,  Madison,  Wis. 
Mary  E.  Kay,  Seattle,  Wash. 
Bernice  Stall. Richmond,  Va. 
Jessie  Anna  Parker, Olathe.  Kan. 
Maria-i  E.  P.Bali,  New  Y'ork  City. 
lUith  Rosholt,  Minneapolis,  IMinn. 
AfirnesR.  Burnham,Brain tree, Mass. 
.Airs. Grace  L.  Berry,  Evanston.III. 
L.  Pearle  (ireen,  Ithaca,  New  York. 
MaryS.  Thomas,  Columbia,  S.C. 
(leorgie  Ciialloner,  Oshkosh,  Wis. 
Boiiita  Hinton,  New  Orleans.  La. 
EldaL.  Smith.  Springfield,  111. 
Alice  M.  Purinton,  Waterville,Me. 
Emma  IL  Mo/Tett,  Lebanon,  Ky. 
MayH.  Hopkins,  Galveston,  Tex. 


UNITED  CHAPTERS  OF  PHI  BETA  KAPPA. 

The  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  was  founded  at  William  and  Mary  College,  Williamsburg,  Va. , 
Decembers,  1776.  and  now  consists  of  71  chapters  located  in  as  many  of  the  leading  colleges  and 
universities  in  the  land.  The  total  living  membership  is  nearly  12,000.  Until  1883  the  growth  of 
theSociety  was  comparatively  slow,  but  since  the  organization  of  the  United  Chapters  the  develojv 
ment  has  been  rapid,  47  chapters  having  been  organized.  At  the  ninth  trieimial  council,  held  Sep- 
tember 12, 1907,  at  William  and  Mary  College,  eight  charters  wore  granted,  as  follows:  Virginia, 
Illinois,  Louisiana,  Illinois  and  Oiiio  Wesleyan  Universities,  and  Oberlin,  Iowa  and  Franklin  and 
Marshall  Colleges.  Women  were  first  admitted  in  1875,  and  the  first  cliarter  to  a  woman's  colhge, 
Va.ssar,  was  granted  in  1898.  Since  then  S  irth,  W.'llcsley,  Mt.  llolj'okc  and  the  Woman's  College 
of  Baltimore  have  received  charters.  At  the  recent  Council  President  IMary  I).  Woolle.v.  of  Mt. 
Holvoke,  was  chosen  to  tne  Senate,  the  first  woniiui  to  be  ilms  honored.  The  oflicers  for  the  term, 
1907-19l0are:  Pirsidntf,  Prof.  Edwin  A.  Grosvenoi,  Lf-.D..  Amhei-st,  IMass.  ;  Vie"- Prf fide nt,  Hon. 
John  J.  McCook,  LL.  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. ;  Secrct.arii  amlT renxnrer,  Rev.  Oscar  M.  Voorhees,  A.M., 
High  Bridge^  N.  J.     For  Profe.ssional  Fraternities,  see  page  15. 


American  College  l^'raternltles.  559 

AMERICAN    COLLEGE   FRATEKNITIE.S— ro/i/ma,i/. 

PROMINENT    LIVING    GRADUATE    MEMBERS. 

Alplia  Chi  R ho.— Joseph  F.  Johnson,  Dean  of  Xeu'  York  University;  William  R. 
S^hepherd,   Professor  of  History,  Columbia  University. 

Alpha,  Tan  Omegra .—Robert  Ij.  Owen.  I'nitecl  States  Senator  from  Oklahoma; 
Duncan  C.  Ileywani,  ex-(Jovernor  of  South  Carolina;  Walter  H.  Page,  editor  and  pub- 
lisher; P.  M.  Simmons,  TTi,i,ted  States  Senator  from  North  Carolina;  Clifton  R.  Breckin- 
ridge, ex-Ambassador  to  Russia;  Erakine  M.  Ross,  United  States  Circuit  Court  Judge, 
California;  A.  I.  Bacheller,  author;  Thomas  F.  Gailor,  Episcopal  Bishop  of  Tennessee; 
Theodore  DuB,  Bratton,  Episcopal  Bishop  of  Mississippi;  Joseph  H.  Choate,  and  Edward 
Everett  Hale. 

Beta  Theta  Pi. — John  M.  Harlan.  Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court; 
David  J.  Brewer,  Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court;  James  A.  Beaver,  General, 
ex-Governor  of  Pennsylvania;  Edward  C.  Stokes,  Governor  of  New  Jersey;  P.  S.  Gross- 
cup,  Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court;  Rev.  Frank  W.  Gunsaulus;  Henry  A. 
Euchtel,   Governor  of  Colorado;  Frank  O.   Lowden. 

Chi  Phi.— Lee  S.  Overman,  United  States  Senator  from  North  Carolina;  Franklin 
K.  Lane.  Interstate  Commerce  Commissioner;  John  B.  Deavei',  M.  D. ;  Hugh  H.  Young, 
M.  D. ;  Emory  Speer,  United  States  District  Judge;  Peter  W.  Meldim.  of  Savannah,  Ga. ; 
W.  D.  Jilks.  ex-Goveimor  of  Alabama;  W.  K.  Brooks,  naturalist;  F.  R.  Graves,  Episcopal 
Bishop  of   Shanghai. 

Chi  Psi.  — Elbridge  T.  Gerry;  Melville  W.  Fuller,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States; 
Francis  M.  Scott,  Justice  New  York  Supreme  Court;  Clyde  Fitch,  playwright;  Clinton 
Scollard,  author;   Don  M.  Dickinson,  jurist;  Frederick  W.   Whitridge,  lawyer. 

Delta  Ivappa  Epsilon. — Theodore  Roosevelt,  President  of  the  United  States; 
Whitelaw  Reid,  Ambassador  to  Great  Britain;  Julian  Hawthorne,  author;  Robert  E. 
Peary.  Arctic  explorer;  Charles  Waldstein,  archaeologist;  Arthur  T.  Hadley,  President  of 
Yale   University. 

Delta  Tan  Delta.— Albert  J.  Hopkins,  United  States  Senator  from  Illinois;  Champ 
Clark,  Representative  in  Congress  from  Missouri;  A.  C.  Humphreys,  President  of  Stevens 
Institute  of  Technology:  K.  C.  Babcock,  President  of  University  of  Arizona;  William  Kent, 
M.  E. ;  James  E.  Denton,  M.  E.;  Will  Carleton,  writer;  Frederick  Palmer,  war  corres- 
pondent. 

Delta  T'psilon.— Charles  E.  Hughes,  Governor  of  New  York;  William  T.  Jerome, 
District-Attorney    of   New   York   City. 

Kfippa  Alpha  (Northern).- Laurenus  C.  Seelye.  President  of  Smith  College; 
F.dw^ard  H.  Griffin.  Dean  of  Johns  Hopkins  University;  Francis  E.  Leupp.  Commissioner 
of  Indian  Affaix's;  Frank  H.  Hiscock.  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York;  Hobart 
C.  Chatfield- Taylor,  author;  Silas  B,  Brownell,  Director  of  Princeton  Theological  Sem- 
inary. 

Kappa  Alpha  (Sonthern).— Joseph  W.  Folk,  Governor  of  Missouri;  Richrriond 
P.  Hobson;  Morris  Sheppard,  Representative  in  Congress  from  Texas;  John  Temple 
Graves,    editor;    Thomas   Dixon,   author;   John   S.    Candler,   of   Georgia,   junist. 

Phi  Delta  Theta.— Adlai  E.  Stevenson,  ex- Vice-President  of  the  United  States; 
William  Allen  White,  author;  Ray  Stannard  Baker,  author;  Fred  Funston,  Brigadier- 
General  United  States  Army;  John  W.  Foster,  diplomatist;  Malcolm  R.  Patterson,  Gov- 
ernor  of   Tennessee. 

Phi  Kappa  P.si.— Joseph  B.  Poraker,  United  States  Senator  from  Ohio;  James  E. 
Watson,  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana;  Arthur  L.  Bates,  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania;  H.  L.  Hadley,  Attorney-General  of  Missouri;  P.  H.  Dugro, 
Justice   of   the   Supreme   Court   of   New   York. 

Phi  Kappa  Si$rnia. — Henry  A,  Du  Pont,  United  States  Senator  from  Delaware; 
Samuel  D.  McEnery.  United  States  Senator  from  Louisiana;  Claude  A.  Swanson.  Governor 
of  Virginia;  Horatio  C.  King,  of  New  York;  Charles  I.  Wilson,  Brigadier-General  United 
States  Army;  William  Jay,  of  New  York;  E.  A.  Alderman,  President  of  the  University 
of  Virginia. 

Psi  Upsilon.— William  H.  Taft,  Secretary  of  War;  Andrew  D.  WTiite,  Ambassador 
to  England;  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  United  States  Senator  from  New  York;  John  C.  Spooner. 
United  States  Senator  from  Wisconsin;  Charles  Dudley  Warner,  author;  Edmund  Clarence 
Stedman,  author;  W'lliam  P.  Frye,  United  states  Senator  from  Maine;  Nicholas  Murray 
Butler,   President   Columbia  University. 

Sijsrnia  Alpha  Epsilon.— John  G.  Carlisle,  ex-Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  Jacob 
M.   Dickinson,   of  Chicago,   jurist;   John  C.   W.   Beckham,   Governor  of  Kentucky. 

Sigrnia  Chi.— J.  Taylor  Ellyson,  Lieutenant-Gpvernor  of  Virginia;  J.  M.  Hamilton, 
ex-Governor  of  Illinois;  A.  H.  Lugino,  ex-Governor  of  Mississippi;  Robert  S.  McCormick, 
ex- Ambassador  to  France;  Harry  S.  New,  Chairman  Republican  National  Committee; 
James  Deering,  President  of  the  International  Harvester  Company;   Booth  Tarkington. 

SIgrnia.  Phi.— M.  W.  Stryker.  President  of  Hamilton  College;  Andrew  D.  White.  ex- 
President  of  Cornell  University;  Elihu  Root,  Secretary  of  State;  Gerritt  Smith,  composer; 
Chester  S.  Lord,  managing  editor  of  the  New  York  Sun:  Charles  E.  Cheney,  Bishop  of 
the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church;  Bradley  Martin,  capitalist;  Montgomery  Schuyler,  jour- 
nalist:  John  E.   Parsons,   lawyer;   John  Bigelow,  author,   ex-Minister  to  France. 

Theta  Delta  Chl.-vF.  W.  Hamilton.  President  of  Tufts  College;  Gonzalo  de 
Quesada,  Minister  from  Cuba;  B.  P.  Lamberton,  Rear- Admiral,  United  States  Navy; 
Cameron  Mann.  Episcopal  Bishop  of  North  Dakota;  John  W.  Griggs,  ex- Attorney-General 
of  the  United  States;  John  B.  McPherson,  United  States  District  Judge;  A.  M.  Randolph, 
Episcopal  Bishop  of  Southern  Virginia;  Charles  R.  Miller,  editor  of  the  New  York  Times; 
IWilliam  D.    Bloxham,   ex-Governor  of  Florida. 


560  American  College  CJveers.  \ 

This  collection  of  cheei-s  has  been  made  by  Thb  Wori.d  At.maxac,  by  correspondence  with 
officials  of  the  respBcliveiustitutious,  and  revised  to  1008.  It  is  believed  to  be  the  largest  collectiou 
ever  published. 

Alabama  P<d}/(rchn ic  Inxtitute.  —"  Ki-y'i-yil  Ki-yi-yi!  lloop-la-hi!  Aubum!  AuburnI  A-P-I.  S*' 

ui/Woji.— "A-l'-b-i'-o-n',  Bis  Boom  Bub.  Albion,  Bah!  liah!  Hah!" 

Ahaa.—'-'  Hip,  bi,  boo,  vay,  ALJNIA,  Bah-a-ali !' ' 

A))iheriii.~"  Rah]  KaAi  Bah!  Bah!  Bab!  Bab!  Amherst!" 

Aniwiir  institiiie  Tt'-hiioloi/y.—' ' Aix-h,  Mecb,  Civ.  Klec,  Bah,  Rah,  Armour  Tech!"  , 

AugKSfana.  —  '' 'Ilocky-t'ye,  Bockj--eye,  Zipzumzie,  Shiugerata,  Sbingerata,  Bim  Bum  Bie^  Zipzuta, 

"zipzum,  Bab!  Bab!  Kali!  Karaburra.  Xarabori'a.  Augustana!." 
Baker  Univenl/if—'*  B.  U.  !  Rab,  Bab  !  (I'epeat)  Hoorah !  Hoorah  !  Bilker!  taker  I  Bafil  Bah !  Bah  !'j 
BaLdwin  Universilv.—  "  U  rail  rah,  U  rab  rah,  tJ  i^ah  rah,  tiger!" 

jBaies.  — "B-A-T-E-S— Kab  Bab  Bah!  l?oom-a-laka,  Boom-a-laka,  Boom,  Bates,  Boom!" 
£aiilorUniveriiUy.-''^\  Ji!  B-A-Y!  L!  L!  Lr-O-R!  U!  U!  U-NI-V!  V!  VAB-SI-TY!Baylor! Baylor!!'* 
Beloit.  — "•  Ob-aye,  yob-yob- vob-  Bo-ioit !  B-e-1-o-i-t— Bah-Rah-Bah ! ' ' 
JSo-eot.— "Bab.'Bi^b,  Bali,  .sis  boom  iKih,  Cream  and  Blue,  Be-re-a!" 

Bethany  (Kan. ).  — ''Bockur,Sto<>Uar,Tborocb  hausboctear,Kor  igeiiom,kor  i  genom.tjo.tjo.Betbanial" 
Boston  UnioeisUf/.— ''Boston,  Boston,  B-B-B-Bostoo.  'Varsity,  'Varsity,  Rah!  Rah!  Rah!" 
J?0(t'tioi"/K  — "i5-b-\v-d-o-i-n.  Rah,  Jiab,  Rah !  (three  timesj  Bowdoiil!" 
Brhiham  Young.— '^  \lv\\  BV  B  Y,  RaYi  Ily  B  Y,  Bab  By  Ite.  B.  Y.  C.  !" 
Brown  University.— ''  Btulionia.]  Bruuonial  Bruuouia!  (Siren  -  -  -)  B-R-O-W-N— Brown!  Bl-owulj 

Brown!*'  .  _     .  ,  ,  W 

.Buc/itef.— "Hoo,  Rale.  RaleRoo!  Wahod,  Wahoo!  ITuBaballo,  IVullaballo!  Rah  Rah  Rale,  Buchtel/ 

Bucbtel,  Bncbtel!  ve  bo!  ye  bo!  ye  Jteza.  Hlza,  Ho,  ho!  Baft, 'Rab,  Bah,  BucbteU" 
Bucknell  L'/N?>«f;s/7v.  — ' '  Buckuell-ei-el !  Bucknell-fel-el !  Give-er-el,  Buckuell!  Give-er-el,  BuckueUl 

Rav!Rav!  Ray!" 
Case  School  Applied  Sriencex.  — '  'Hoo !  Rah !  Ki !  Rah !  S-C-I»E-N-C-E !  HOi !  Hoi !  Rah !  Rah !  (Dase ! !' ' 
tkdarville.—''^  Razzle  Dazzle, never  Irazzle.not  a  thread  but  wool!  All  together!  All  together!  That's 

tlie  way  we  pull!  Cedarville!  I!  \ 

Central  Univ.  fjf  Ky.—' '  Bazzle  dazzle,  razzle  dazzle '  Sis,boom !  Ah !  Central  University,  Rah !  Rah  !Rah  I'  * 
aqflin  J7/iit'f rs»7.'/.— "Bab !  Rah !  Rah !  Claf-liu-ia ! " 
Ooloate  f/i/rfj'.rlVy.—"  Colgate,  Colgate,  Jlah  (bine times),  Colgate!" 
ColleffeoftlieCilyof  New  FwA:.  — '"Bab,  'Bab    'kah,  C.  C.  N.  Y. !" 

CbZoj-odo. —"Pike's  Peak  or  Bust!  Pike's  Peak  or  Bust!  Colorado  College !  Yell  wemu8t!'\ 
Columbia  University.—"  ' Bay  ' Ray  ' Bay  C-o-l-«-m-b-i-A !"  , 

Cbrnell  College.  — ''Zipp,  Ziss,  Boom,  Caw-w,  Ca-w-w-nell;  C.  C  TIger-la,  Zipp  Zipp  Huti-ah ! ! !* 'J 
Oornellirniversity.—-'(JorneUl  I  Yell  Yell  Yell!  Cornell!"  -^ 

Coiner  l7nivei'sity.—"CotneT,  Cotner,  tlie  Cotner  University —Don't  you  see!" 
Or€i'j7Wo».  —  ",C.  U.  C.  U.  Bab,  Rah,  Ci-eighton,  Creightou,  Omaha!" 

Cumberland  University.— ''Wans; I  bang!  i<iz!  boom!  bah!  Cumberland, Cumberland!  Rah!  Rah!  Rab!" 
Dakota  Wesleyan  Universiti/.  —  "Ha!  Ho !  Whee !  Ki !  Yi !  Ye !  D.  U.  Varsity  Zip  Boom !  Bah !  Rah !  Rah !'  'j 
Dartmouth.  — ' '  \Vub  boo  wab !  wall  boo  wab !  da-di-di,  Dartmouth  !  wall  boo  wah !"  f 

l>(«i)/rf.*7n,— "Hac-a-lac-aboom-a-lak,Hac-a-lac-a  red  aiid  black,  Hello-bulne-lo-le-la-tUtt,  David- 
son!"   . 
JDeZait'o/r.— "D-E-L-aware,  Siss-Bdom^Tiger-Rah!  Rah!  Rah!" 

Denison  Univerttiti/.-"'  Jleike!  Heike!  Rah,  rah,  rah,  hoOrah,  boorali,  Denison !  tJenisoh ! "  ~^ 
Deraaw  t/nit'ez-s/i:*/.  — "Zip,Rah,Who!  D-P-U!  Rip,  f?aw!Boom!  Baw!  Bullyforold  DePauwI'j 
Dickinaon.  — "  Hip-rah-bus-bis—Dickinsouien—Si«— Tiger ! ' ' 

Drake  f^rirprs//?/.— "Rah!  (ten  times)  TToo  rab!  Hoo   rab!  Drake!  Drake!  Drake!" 
i>/-i(>-y.— "Rab  ItabBahPiuli  I{:ibB;ib!  J»rury!" 
J?a?«/i«m.—"  Bah.  rail,     Quaker!  Quaker!   E!   C!    Quaker!    Quaker!    Quaker!   Hoorah!   Hooraht> 

Quaker!  Rab!  Rub!" 
Fairmount.—  '^  \\.\  \\  vi,  Sis  Boom  Bah,  Fairhwunt,  Fairmonnt!  Bah!  Rah!  Bah!  " 
Fisk  University.  — "-Vixcki'Xy \  Clucketv!  Sis!  Boom!  Bah!  FiskUuiversitr!  Bah!  Rah!  Rah!" 
I\y)-t  Woith  Universiti/.— ''R\\i\  Bah!  Ku!  The  Gold  aurl  the  felue!  Fort  Worth  U. !" 
Franklin  and  Hfarsh<t!l.—''  iiullal)aloo,  bala!  (twice)  Way-up,  Way- lip!  F.  and  M.  !Nevonia!"         -• 
Georgetown  University  (D,  C,).— "  Hoya!  Loya!  Saxa!  Hoya!  Loya!  Georgetown  Hoya,  Loya!  Rah, 

liah.  Rah!"  .         ^     .  _ 

Ororae  Washincttofi  tTiif^^O'SiVy. —"G-K-0-R-G-E— George!  Washington!  Washington!  Washington!" 
Grant  Universi).i/.  —  ''G.  U. ,  Rab.  Ruli,  G.  U. .  Bab,  Rub,  Wboorab,  Whoorah,  Bah,  Rah,  Grant!"  ' 
^•orie  C/7.V.— "  With  a  vivo,  witli  a  vivo,  with  Vum,  vum,  vum!     Vum  get  a  rat  trap  bigger  than  a   . 

cat  trap!  Vum  get  a  cat    trap  bii,'i^eV  than  a  i-at  trap!  canaibal,  cannibal,  siss-s!  boomll  rahUt 

Oi-ove  City  ( 'ollego !  Rab !  Bab  ! !  Rali ! ! !" 
^ntftvns  Adolph  IIS.— "Jlii>,  Hah.  Bip.  RahThe4-Zah!  Z-i-p!  Booin  G.  A.  R. !" 
if.(/«i7^o?i.  — "  Bail!  Bab!    Hamilton  !  Boad  !  Boad!  Boad!'^ 
Hantline  f7/iit.'e/-.vf/(/.— "  Boom  get  a  rattrap!  Bigger  than  a  cat  trap!  Boom  g^t  a  rat  trap !  Bigger  thaa 

acattrap!  Boom!  Cannibal!  Canniliul!  Zip!  Boom!  Bah!  Hamline!  Ilamline!  Rab!  Rah!  Rahl" 
Harvard  Universiti/. *— ' '  Bfib  rub  rib !  rfdi  rail  rub !  r.'ih  rub  rah— Harvard ! ' ' 

Heidelhevi)  C^«fTe?-.*fj7.'/.  — "Kili-kilik  !  Rab,rfih!  Zit,  zit!  Ha!  Ha!  Yai!  Hoo!  Bam!  Zoo!  Heidelberg!" 
Jtillsdale.  — ' '  Rba-hoo-i-Hli  Zi p  boom  bnh  Iliniroo  rhu  zoo  Wah-hoo-  wah  Hillsdale  1 " 
^(Vrtvrt.  —  *•  Brekeke.v!  K(v.t.\!  Koax!  I'.i-ekT'R-pN::  ICoai!  Koax!  Alala!  Alala!  Siss-s!  Boom-Hiram!" 
J/o^/ Oo.^?.  —  "Hoi-Ah!   Lol-ah!   hoi-ah!    c^u,  Cbu,    rah,  rah,  chu,    cbui,  rah,  rah,  Uoi-ahl  Holy 

Cross !  Rah ! ' ' 
Hmcard  C7)iuv-?-.^7>;.— "Rah,  rah,  irtb !  HOWftrtl.  ttowai^!  Rah,  Rah,  Re!" 

Jllinois.—"  Bah  «-Tin  rah  IJoom  a  la  ka,  kfti'k-a-rick-a-roi,  Old  HlluoiS.Boom  zip  boom,  Tiger-zahl" 
Illinois  Wesleyan   University.— "  RaU,  Bali,  Weslevan!" 
Indiana   University.— '-Uahl  Rah!  Itnli !  Rah!  Indiana!" 

ImvaO>lle</e.—''iirinn^\\,  We  yell,  crim.eli  we  yell,  Iowa  College,  Griunell,Grinrrell!^' 
JowafStaie  Oolteae.---  \-l^-K--S\  Rah!  Ra!  Rah!  Ra!  A-M-J£-S1  Rah!  Ra!  Rahl  Raf  Hoo  Rah!  Hoo 

Ray!  State  College  !I-0-A!" 
Iowa  Wesleyan  University.-''  Rah,  rah,  rah!  zip  boom  bah !  Razoo  razoo- Johnny  blow  your  bfizflo- 

Rip  zlddy-i-lfi-uvi-We-e-e-e-es  levan !' ' 
Jacob  Ib)ne Institute.— " Rah  (niuetinies)  Tome,  Tome,  Tomel" 


American  College  Cheers.— OnHnued.  561 


JohnB  .S'^-"f.?on.—**  Boom -a- racket,  cheose-a-racket.  Sis  boom  ah?  Stetson,  Stetson,  Bah  ?  Hah !  Bah  ?' ♦ 
Johns  'Hopkins   f/n/vcrsfV*/.  —  "  Hullabaloo,  cauuck,  cauuolc!  Hullabaloo,  canuclc,  cauuck!  Hoorah! 

HoorahJ.  H.  U.IHiirrahJ.  H.  U. !"  -„.     -r>  ^   ^      t^         xr   ^  tt  .,. 

KnnmsCitv  Univ.  —  "K.  C. 'Varsity,  Hip.  Hah,  Boo.  Hip.  Rah,  Gee  Haw,  K.  C.  U.  !" 
Kansas  M'eslei/an  Univeriitij.  —  "  Hi 'Ki,  Wesli  Hi  Ki  O! ''  ^   i.    t^  ,..., 

Kentucky  f7an'rr.9«y.  —  "Hoo-gah-hah,  Hoo-pah-hah,  K.  U. ,  K.  IT.,  Bah,  Bah,  Bah!" 
Knox  — ^'Ziprah!  Boom  rah!  Knoxia!  Kuoxi!  Knox!  Knox!  KNOX!" 
inr«(/e«e.-"Ra.  Ba,3ia!  Liifayette,  Yette,  Yette,  Yette!"  (three  times. )  - 

Lawrence  University,— ''^Rah  Bah  Rah!  Ir-A-W-B-E-N-C-K!  Bit!  Boom!  Bah!  Uoosh!" 
Lebanon  Vallei/.—'- Chee-he I  Chee-hi !  Chee-ha!  ha!  ha!  Lebanon  Valley,  Rah,  Bah.  Rah!" 
Lehigh  University.— ''lioo-Ti:ah.-ra.y\  Hoo-mh-ray !  Ray,  ray,  ray,  Lehigh,  Lehigh,  Lehigh!" 
Lelanci Stanford,  Jr. ,  lAuueTAi7i/.— "Rah-Rah-Rah-Rahl-Stanlord!"  ^  ,  .,      .  .        .,      .  . 

Louisia7ia  State  University.— " tlohble.  Gobble!  Bazzle,  Dazzle!  Siss,  Boom,  Bah!  Louisiana!  Louisi- 
ana. Rah,  Rah.  Rah!" 
Jfrt?i/i««cm.  — "Rah!  (nine  times)  Manhattan!"  „  ,  .  „  ,  .^  ,..,. 

Marietta.— ''Ji&h\  Rtxh!  Rah!  Rah!  lUih!  Rah!  Mar-i-et-ta,  Bah!  Bah!  Bah!" 
M'trqnette.— ''Che,  Che-haChe.  he-ha-ha!  Marquette,  Marquette,  'rah,  'rah 'rah!" 
il/uryi'/We.  —  "Howee.  how !  Chilhowee !  Mary ville, Mary ville, Tennessee !  Hoo-rah,  Hoo- rah, Mary ville, 

Mary  ville.  Rah  Rah  Rah!"  _,  ,,,   ^„,        ^        ^.r„,., 

^fass.  Inst.  Tech.—"U.  I.T.  rah,  rah,  rah!M.  I.  T.  rah,  rah,  rah!M.  LT.  rah,  rah,  rah!  Technology!" 
Mfrcer  r?uD.— "  Phizz,  Sizz,  boom!  l)ah!  Mercer!  Mercer!  Rah!  Rah! Rah!" 
3[iami  Universiiv.—" Rah— Rah— Rah-:Nt-I-A-M-I— Mi-am-i,  Miami !' ' 
jmchipan  Agricultural.  —"  Rfihl  Rah!  Rah!  Uz!  Uz!  Uz!  M.  A,  C.  Tiger!" 

ilZ-fssmf^P'-^.  <&J/.— "A.  &M.  C.,  A.  &M.  C. ,  Miss. ,  Miss..    A.  &M.  C.!"  ^..  „ 

J/b/iHio»^A.— "HorahHorooDepalaDepalooRahsiki  yi,Hot,  cold,  wet  or  dry,  get  there  Eli,  Mo n- 

ITlOUttl '' ' 

3rt.  Hoiyoke.—  '-  H-o-l-v-o-k-e,  Hoi- yoke.  Hoi- yoke,  are  we !' '     (The  cheer  is  sung  by  the  girls.) 
Mt.  Union.  — ''Karo,  KGro.   Kiro.  KGe !  Rah,  Rah,   Rah,  for  M.  U.   C.  !   Alikezeaion,  Alikezunion! 
Rah,  Rah,  Rah,  for  old  Mt.  Union!  "  ^  ,       .    .^^  ,.       ,        . 

Nebraska  Wesleyan  University.  — '•Boora  rah  boom  rah  an.  We  We  Wesleyan!  NeNeNe  Nebraskan! 

0-o-o-o-h  man!" 
New  York  t7/( a'.— "  Rah !    Bah!  Bah!  N.  Y.  U. ,  Siss,  Siss,  Siss,  Boom,  Boom,  Boom,  ah  ah  ah, 

KewY^ork,  New  Y'ork,  New  York! "  •  „„„,.„  ,^        -„  , 

Nbrthwestem  College  (111.).  — "  Rah!  Rah!  Hoo- Bah!  Bah!  Bah!  Hoo-Bah!   Who  Bah?  You  Rah. 

North- Western,  Rah!  Rah!  Rah!" 
Nwlhwestern  University  (111.).— "Rah!  Bah!  Bah!  U.  Northwestern  (Rah !  four  times). " 
0^;e?ax— "Hi!0!-Hi,  0!-Hi!0!Hi!  HiiOiHi,  0-ber-liu!" 

Ohio  Northern  University.  — '  *Rip,  Zip,  Zoo,  Who  are  you?    We  are  the  boys  of  the  O.  N.  U. " 
Ohio  State  University.— ''  Wahoo.,  Wahoo.  Rip,  Zip,  Bazoo!  I  yell,  I  yell,  for  O.  S.   U!" 
Ohio  University.—''  O.  U.  !  O.  U  !RahBah!  Rah  Rah!  Hoorah!  Hoorah!  Bully  for  old  O.  U.!" 
Ohio  WesleyanUniversity.—'-'0-w(i-\vi-wo\v\A-\&-'k&-7xi-7A-zo\vl  Ra-zee-zi-zu!  Viva!viva!0.  W.U.  !" 
Olivet.— "-O.  C.  Rah,  Rah!  O.  C.  Rah.  Rah!  Hoo- rah!  Hoo-rah!  Olivet!  Olivet!  Rah,  Rah,  Rah!" 
OUerbein  University.  —  "  Whoop,  Hip,  Whoop,  WhoolO.  U.,  O.  U.  IHi-O-miue,  Ot-ter-bein;  Whoop, 

Hip,  Whoo!"  ,  ,     ,         , 

Ouac/i(7o.— "Boom-a-lacka,  boom-a-lacka,  bow,  wow,  wow,  ching-a-lacka,ching-a-lacka,  cliow, 

chow,  chow;  boom-a-lacka,  cliin?-a-lacka,  who  are  we?  Who's  from  Ouachita,  w-e,  we.  we!'.' 
Park  —  "P-A-R-KIRah.  rah,  rah!  SLs,  boom,  ah!  Booma-lacka.  booma-lacka!  Boom!  Bark! Boom!" 
JPenn.-"  Thee]  Thou!  Thy!  Thee!  Thou!  Thy!  Quaker,  Quak,  P.  C.  I.  !" 

I'ennsylvania  State.  —"P.  S.  C.  Yo  He  Hip  Rail  Ra  Boom  Bab  ! "  ,        . . 

Fhiiuhder  Smith.  —  ' '  Rah,  Rah,  Rah,  Rip,  Rip,  Roar,  Philander  Smith,  Philander  Smith,  in  the  fore !' 
Polytechnic  Institute  (Brooklyn).  — ' '  Biiii !  Rah !  Rah !  Poly !' '  (three times. ) 
Pi'inceton  i7nnw.<?/7!/.  —  "  Hurrah!  Hurrah!  Hurrah !  Tiger!  Sis!  Boom!  ah!  Princeton!" 
Pij7-d(fe.  — "Purdue!  Purdue!  Rah-rah!  Rah-rah!  (twice)  Hoo-rah!  Hoo-rah!  Bully  for  old  Purdue!" 
Jiensselaer Poli/tchnic Institute.  — "  Muh,  rah,  rah!  Rah,  rah.  rah !  Rensselaer ! " 
£ose  P.  J.  — "R-P!  R-P!  Rah- Rah!  Rah-Rah!  (repeat)  HOO- rah!  HOO- rah!  Rose  Polj-technic !  Bah! 

Bah!  Rah!" 
Hiitgers.  —  "  Rah !  rah !  rah !  bow-  wow-wow !  Rutgers ! ' ' 

Shaw  University. -''Shaw  University  is  niy  cry,  V-I-C-T-O-R-Y^,  S-H-A-W,  Shaw,  Shaw,  Shaw!" 
Simpson.— '^  IDp]  haec!    tra!  boom!  quae!  bizzum!  yah!  zoom!  HuUa-ba- loo- ba-lonia- Rah!   Zoo! 

Simpsonia!"  ^        ..-,,,. 

Smithivest  Kansas.— '■'■'B.'wl  Hip!  For  our  Coll,  Boomerall!  Hawker  Jay.  S.  W.  K.  Winfield!" 
State  Col.  of  Washf)iaton.—yia.h !  Rah!  Bee !  Rah !  Rah !  Bee !  Washin^'ton.  Washington,  W.  S.  O.  (twice). 
State  University  of  iowa.— "Haw,  Haw,  Hav.-k;  Hi,  Hi,  Hi;H;iwkcye,  Hawke.ve;S.  U.  I.!" 
Stevens  List  it  ate  of  Technology.—"  Boom— rah !  Boom— rah !  Boom— rah-Stevens ! ' ' 
St.  ^/isa^c^/i.  — "'Bip-a-rip-a-reeRJp-a-rip-a-ree,  Hurrah  for  Alma  Mater  S.  E.  C." 
St.  Francis  Xavier.  - ' '  Rah— rah-rah !  X- A- V-I-E-R !' ' 
Si.  John's  University  (.}^nnu.).—"\\azz\e.  dazzle,  siss  bum,  boo-Wallica  sooka,  sooka  soo-Who  !   Whol 

Who!  St.  .Tohn'sU.  !  Razzle,  dazzle,  si.ss-bum,-^boo!  " 
St.  John's  (Md.)— "Hooray!  Hooray!  Hooray!  S.  J.!  S.  J.,  S.  J.  !  St.  John's!  St.  John's!  St. 

John's!" 
St.  John's  (N.  Y. ).  — "Ram!  Ram!  Bam!  "F-0-P.-D-H-A-M!  Fordham!  Fordham!  Fordham!" 
St.  Lawrence  University.- "l<u.)i\  (nine  times)  St.  Lawrence!" 

St.  Ijonis  UaiversUy.—"iit.  Lou-ee!  St.  Lou-ee!  S.  T.L.U.  Rah.  rah,  rah,  Oranere,White and  Blue!' ' 
St.  ,1fa>-?/'s  (Kan. ).-"Hoop-la,  Iloop-la.  Who  can  guess?    S-t.    M-A-R-Y-S!" 
Swarthmo7-e.—"Uay\  Ray!  Bay!  S- W-A-R-T-H-M-O-R-E  Sw^rthmore,  Swathmore!"  (twice.) 
Svrac7(se  University.— "  liip,  Hoo,  Rah!  Hip,  Hoo,   Ptah!  Syracuse !  Syracuse !  Rah- rah- rah!" 
TcUladff/a.  —  "  Hah,  R.ih,  Rah,  Talladega,  Talladega,  Sis-Boom-Ah !" 
Tnrkio.  —  "  Ti\l>.  bang!  hip  ho!  get  there,  rain  or  snow!  Set  fire!  Tarkio!!'" 

Texas  Christian  C/)/i;.— "Booni-a-lacka!  Boom-a-laca,  Boom-a-laa  lioo 'Varsity!  Varsity!  T.C.  U,  !" 
Trinity  (N.  C.).— "Rah,  rah,  rah,  hip-poo-pee-phiz-boom-tiger-hipporah-hipporah  Trinityl" 
^K/rs.- "T-u-f-t-s-Rah  rah  rah!"  (three  times.) 

Tiilane  Universiti/.— "Rah  I  Rah!  Zip!  Boom!  Ah!  Bah!  Rah!  Tulane!!" 

Ti(.';Arr/fe7/is<(7K/.^.— "Tuskegee.Rah,Rah!  Tuske^ee,  Rah,  Rah!  Hurrah,  Yoo,  Bah,  Tuskogee!" 
University  of  Alabama.  — ' '  A  labama-Alabaftia- Alabama— Hot  Stutt'-Hot  Stuff-Hot  Postnla! ' ' 
Uiiiveisity  of  Arkansas.— "liooni-alacka,  Boonvalacka,  wah  who  ray.  Razzle-dazzle,  Hobble-gobble, 
V.  of  A.,  Hi-ip,  Ti-ip,  rah- rah-rah,  Oaark.  Ozark,  Sis,  Boom,  B»,h,  Varsity,  Varsity,  Boom-a-la, 
Ra,  Cardinal,  Cardina,  U.  of  A.  1" 


562  *         '^American  College  Cheers— Continued. 


UniversUv  of  California.  — ''Oski !  Wow !  Wow !  Wiskee !  Wee !  Wee !  Oleo-mucky-ei !  Oley- Berkeley- ei ! 
Gall-^rb-ia!  Wow  I!" 

il^on-n     (^hir-ooT,     Ch-r'aa-n     irrt^  fin  C'h\r>a-Brn.   ChioSl-erQ\" 

Rah!  Rah!" 
U.  1" 


Univerxii'v  of  /^////loiX  — "Hol-a-b'a-loo!  rah!   rah!    Hoi- a- ba- loo!    rah!    rah!    Hoo-rah!  Hoo-rah! 

Illinois!  Wah!  Wah!" 
f7>iiw?-sj7i/o/A>ni«M.— "Rock-Chalk!  Jay-Hawk!  K.  U.  !"  .        ,^  .      .,, 

Univer.u/i/ of  3Iaine.—  '' Jiiih,  rah,  rah;  Rah,  rah,  rah;  Rah,  rah,  rah,  Maiup.  INtaiiie,  Manie! " 
r»»>.f/j//>"/i.  — "U.of  ]Nr.  rahlrah!  (repeat)  Hoo-rah!  Hoo-rah!  :Michis:an!  rah!  rah!  rah!" 
Univ.  or  .irnnifvo^a.—"  Kali,  rail,  rah,  Ski-U-mah— hoorah!  hoorah !  Varsity-Varsity!  Mmne-so-ta! 
(Jniveriiitij  of  Missouri.  —"Hah  Hah  Rah  ]\[i.ssouree  M.  U-ni-ver-si-ty,  Hurrah!  Hirah  yes,  sjree! 
?r;i/('r/-.si7'i/o/3fo;i/a»/.(.— "Molilalia,  Montana  Zip  boom  bah,  Htate  University,  Rah.  Rah,  Rah. 
Univerxituof  Xaxliville.—''  Rickety  ix, Ski  ix.  Ski  ix.  Rah  Rah  Rah!  Rickety  ix,  Ski  ix.Ski  ix,  Rah  Ha 

Rah,  Nashville!" 
num-.9/7v  or  3W>m.-A-T.-"U-U-Uiu  Ver  VerVer-si-tj',  N-E-Bras-KiOh,ohMy!"     . 
(7/iM'pj«*/i/oV^Vo;7/i.(\o-o/i/K(.  —  "Vackety  yack  Hooray  hooray!  (twice)  Carolina  Varsity  Boom  Kah, 

Booai  llah,  Car-o-li-na!  " 
Univ.  of  North  nakotn.  — "Odz-dzo-dzi !  Ri-ri-ri !  Hy-ah !  Hy-ali !  North  Dakota! ' '  (and  Sioux  war  cry.  ) 
Univ.  6/ Notre  Dxinr.—^'U.-^.M.  rah,  rah  rah  rah !  U.  N.  D.  rah  rah  rah  rah !  hoorah,  hoorah,  U.  N.  D. 

rah  rah !  rail  rah  !' ' 
University  of  Oklahoma.  — "  Hi  Rickety  Whoop-te  do  boomer,  sooner,  OkIa.U.  !" 
Universif)/ of  Orraon.  —  "  Rah  Rah  Rah!  Rah  Rah  Rah!  Rah  Rah  Oregon!  " 

r7HiJ»er5i7vor7^r/ui.v»//i'rt/iia.— "  Hoo-rah! Hoo-rah!  Hoo-rah!  Ponn-syl-va-ni-a!  "  ,,..,, 

University  of  Rorhrster.  -"Hoi. Hoi.  I  loi.  Rah,  Rah,  Rah'  (3  times)  Rochester!  Rochester!  Rochester!  ' 
University  of  SoHthf-rn  California.  — ^'\\-AC^(?\y\  Hackety  Wah !  Who!  wah!  (repeat)  zip!    Boom!    Bah! 

(repeat)  U.  !  S.  !  C.  !  Rah!  Rah!  Rah!" 
University  of  Soiif/i  Dakota.— "■J^n-\iO-\ii,  Da-ko-ta,  U-ni-vi  of  "Da-ko-ti'i !" 

Univ.of  ren'n.  — "I'.of  T.!  lUh  !  rah  !  (twice)  Hnr-rah  !  Hur-rah !  Tennessee!  Ten nes.sop!  Rah !  rah !  rah !  ' 
Univ.ofTexnx.  — "llnllabaluo!   Hoorav,  I loorav! (twice) Hooray!  Hooray.'  Varsity!  Varsity!  U.T.  A.!" 
f'>i("iw>t7i/o/</)/' Ay/rfr.—"  Hi!  Ho!  lie!!  Old  U.  P.  F-a-c-i-f-i-c,  University !"    .        .       .       ^       , 
University  of  the  .SVu,/A.  —  "Jtah !  Rah!   Ree!  Var-Si-Tee.  Hey.  up!  Hey,  up!  So-Wa-Nee!  Sew&nee. 

Rah!"Se-AVa-Nee,  Rah!  Sewaiiee,  TKiER,  S-s-s-s,  Boom!  Ah!" 
f,'iui,v'r.s//i/or  r/<(/(.  — "Rah,  Rah.  Rah!    (three  times)  Utah  !  "  ,    ,, 

University  of  Vrrniont.—"  i\n\\.  rah,  rah!  Rah,  rah,  rah!  Vermont,  Vermont!  Rflh,  rah! 
?/»M:iv-rA»7i/6r  ]7/r//;»ia.—"  Wah! hoo!  wah!  Wah!  hon!  wall!  U-n-i-v.  Virsin-i-a!" 
Univ. of  n'u'sh.  — '■•Oskev,Wow,  Wow !  Wiskev,  Wee.  Wee !  Hoi v  Vaiset i !  WashiiiKtonci ! ^V  ashiugtou ! 
University  of  Wisronsin.  — ' '  U-Rah-Rah-Wis-con-siu !' '  (repeated  three  times  with  a  tiger. )  „  ^  .. 

University  of  Wo'>sffr.-''De'kQ\    Deke!  Rah!  Rah!  Deke!  Deke!  Rah!  Rah!  Hoo-Rah!!  Hoo-Rah!! 

Woostei- Varsity!  Rah!  Rah!  Rah!"  ,      .        ,„  ...... 

Univ.of  in/o»ti7'a— "RahRah  Rah!  ZipboomZee!  Let'ergo,  let'er  g:o  Varsitv!  Wy-o-ming!!!" 
U.  >S.  Jliliiary Academy.— '' Kixh\  RahiRav!  Rah!  Rah!  Ray!  West  Point!   West  Point!  Army!" 
U.  S.  Naval  Aradent!i.—  '''RaA\\  Rah!  Rah!  Hi!  Ho!  Hal!  U.  S.  N.  A.  Room!  Sis!  Bah!  Navy!" 
Upper  Iowa  i7/in'frs«7i/.  — "Hawkeve!  Hawkeye!  U.  !  I.  !  U.  !!" 

Utah  AoricnUural.—''  Jlahl  Itiih!  Rah!  Rah!  AC.  A.  C.  (twice),  Utah!"  .  ^   ^  .r.  ^,,, 

VanderbiU  Univ.  — "Vanderbilt,  Rah, Rah  !  (twice)  HooRahHoo  Rah  Varsity  Varsity  Rah, Rah, Rah!" 
Virniiiia  Polyterhnic  Inst.— ''lloki,   Hoki.  Hoki,  Hi!  Tech!  Techs!    V.   P.   I.   Sola- Rex,   Sola  Rah 

Polytech.s.  Vir-gin-i-a!!  Rae!  Ri!  V.  P.  I.!" 
Vake  Forest.  — ' '  Rah  (nine  times)  Wake  Forest. ' '  ^ 

Walden  Cviti'<-/si7(/.  — "  Rav,  Rav.  Waldeu,  Ray.  Ray,  Ray!" 

nvr^/i-ftwr?!.— "(Eight  Rahs)  Washburn!   Wa,shlKiru!  Rah,  Rah,  Rah!"  .,.,,.      .^    , 

Wash.and  JV^e/.vo/i.— "Wich-i-Koax,  Koax,  Koax!  Wich-i-Koax,  Koax,  Koax!  Wich-i,  Koax,  Koax 

Kotix  W.   and  J.  Boom!"  ^    .,«,..  „r    v., 

Washinr/tonaiKlLee  [^/itivr5j7y.— "  Chic-a-go-runk!   Go-nink!  Go- ree!  Heigh,  ho!  Hi,  ho!  Washing- 
ton and  Lee!  Washington  and  Lee!  Washington  and  Lee!  Tiger!"  .  X     .. 
Washin'iton  University.— '' Sizzle. Sazzle,Uazz\e- Dazzle  U-ui-v!  Washington  Washington  Var-si-ty!" 
Wa>/n€sburo.—"W\c,  Haec,  Hoc,  Hie,  Ilia,  Ilium,  Sumnius,  Optime,  Omuium— Waynesburg!" 
Wesleyati  (Female).  — "Boom-a-lacka,     Boom-a-lacka-Bow-wow,    wow,     Chick-a-lacka,    Chlck-a- 

lack.i.  Chow,  Chow,  Chow,  Boom-a-lacka,  Chicka-lacka,  Who  are  we?  Wesleyan!  Wesleyan! 

W!  F!C.!" 
Wesleyan  (//i/m-.^iYi/.  — "  Rah!  Rah!  Rah!  Rah!   Wes-ley-an-a!  Rah!  Rah!  Rah!  Rah!  Rah!" 
IVenternJiesfn'e  University.—"  R-e-s-e-r-v-e,  Rah,  Rah,  Re-serve  !"  (three  times.) 
Western  University  of  I^nnsylvania.-''A\\e-ga,-ue-gii-noc-ga-nocl  (twice)  Hurrah!  Hurrah!  Wiy)!' 
West  Virriinia  Univrrsity.  —  ''  Riih !  Rah!  Rhu!  W.  V.  U. !  Sis  Boo  ah.  Tiger!!  " 
Tr/ii7man.  —  " Breke-Ke-Kex.  Koax, Koax  (bis),  ho-up,  ho-up,  parahaloo.  Whitman!" 
Wilher/orce  University.  — " Rhal  Rha!!  Rha!!!  Wilbertorce!  Wilberforce!  Rha!  Rha!!  Rha!!!  " 
Willamette,  nu»'o-.si7i/.— "  Wah-Hoo!  Wah-Hoo!  Rip!  Zip!  Bazoo!  I  yell  I  yell  for  W.  U.  W^h-Hoo, 

Wah-Hoo,  Wah- boo!"  ,      ,      „,  ,    ^  ... 

William. Tin;  II  0)//^fy^.  —  "  Yah  Yah.  Wow,  Wow.  Wee;  Yaka,  Zu  Zi  Zee;  Vivela,  Vivela,  W.J.  C.  !" 
W'/7//a?rt.s- — "  Williums!  Williams!  Williaii>s!  (Ruh!  nine  times)  Williams!" 
Wittenbera.  -''■  B,ah  (eight  times".  Wittenhorg,  Bang.  Boom,  Bah-h-h!" 
iromofi'.?  ( Rait i more).  — "  H-A- l.-T-I->r-()-R-E.  Baltimore!" 
Worcester  Pm ytechnic  Jnst.ittUe.  —"Rah,  Rah,  Rah!  Worcester  Polytcck!  Polly,  Welly,  Olley,  Molly, 

Worcester  I'ol vteck !' ' 
Yale  Universitv.*—"  Wah,  Rah.  Rah!  Rah.  Rah,  Rah!  Rah.  Rah.  Bah!  Vale!" 
Yankton.— ''n\  Y!  Hah!  Hah!  Hah!  Vanklon!  Yankton!  liah !  Rail!  Rah!  Hah!  Wah!  BLsh!  Boom  I 

Bah!  Yankton!  Yankton!  I- I,ank-ton-w  di !" 
I'o?/,-.-"  Yor,  Yor,  Yell,  Yell,  Yell,Yor!  Ye,  York-l'l,  UUB!  Col-le-ge!" 

*  The  difference  between  the  cheers  of  Harvard  and  Yale  lies  in  the  length  of  time  it  takes  to  give 
tbem.    Harvard' s  cheer  is  ioug  and  deep ;  Yale' s  quick.  auU  sharp. 


(tOlUQt    <2tOlOl*l3, 


563 


(Ccwmmuaieatt'cl  to  Tmk  Worlo  Almavac  »)y  the  Presidents  of  the  respeiHlve  institutions.) 


AdelphI  Collegre Brown  and  Gold. 

^lat)Hiiifi  Polvtechuic  lii^ititdte. .  Uianse  and  Blue. 

Alfred  UnlversUy Royal  Purple  .ind  Oli  Gold. 

A.iilierst  College Purple  and  White. 

Arnmur  Inst,  of  Technology. .  .Vellow  and  Black. 

Atlaiit:*  I  iilver.slty Steel  Gr.'jy  and  Crimson. 

B:iker    University Burnt  Orange. 

Baldwin   University Old  Gold  and  Brown. 

Birnard  College..   Light  Blue  aud  White. 

Bates  Ciilleije Garnet. 

Baylor  University Green  and  Gold. 

Berea  Collnge Cream  and  Blue. 

Biwlon  University Scarlet  and  White. 

Binvdoin  College White. 

Brijcham  Youn^  College Crimson. 

Brown  University Brown  and  White. 

Biyn  Mawr  Cnlleife Yellow  and  White. 

BiiL-knell  University Orange  and  Blue. 

Butler  College Blue  and  White. 

Carleton  College Maize  and  Yale  Blue. 

Case  School  of  Applied  Science.Seal  Brown  and  White. 

Central  University  (Ky.) Cardinal  and  Blue. 

Claflin  University OranM  and  Maroon. 

Cleuison  Agricultural  College. .  .Purple  and  Orange. 

College  Citv  of   New  York Lavender. 

Collesre  of  St,  Elizabeth Blue  and  Gold. 

Colorado  College Black  and  Gold. 

Columbia  University Light  Blue  aud  White. 

Cornell  College  (Iowa) Royal  Purple  and  White. 

Cornell  University Carnelian  and  White. 

Crighton  University Blue  and  White. 

Cumberland  University Maroon. 

Dakota  Universitv Royal  Blue  and  White. 

Dartmouth  College Green. 

Deniso-n   University Denison  Red. 

De  Pauw  University Old  Gold. 

Dickinson  College Red  and  White.  i 

Drake  University Yale  Blue  and  White,  ■ 

I>i-urv   College ScaiUt  and  Gray. 

Earlham  College Yellow  and  Cream. 

Fisk  University Blue  and  Gold. 

Fordham  College Maroon. 

Franklin  and  Marshall  College.. Blue  and  White. 

Franklin  College  (Ind.) Navy  Blue  and  Old  Gold. 

Georgetown  University  (D.  C.).BIue  and  Gray. 
George  Washiugton  UniversityBuflE  and  Blue. 

Girard  College Steel  and  Garnet. 

Hamline  University  of  Minn.  .Red  and  Gray. 

Hampton  Institute Blue  audWhite. 

Harvard  University.. Crimson. 

Heidelberg  University Black,  Orange  and  Red. 

Hillsdale  College Ultra-Marine  (Blue). 

Hiram  College Sky  Blue  and  Cherry  Red. 

Howard    Universitv Dark  Blue  and  White. 

Illinois  Wesleyan  University. . .  .Green  and  White. 

Indiana  University Crimson  and  Cream. 

Iowa  College Scarlet  aud  Black. 

Iowa  State  College Cardinal  and  Gold. 

Iowa  Wesleyan  University White  and  Purple. 

John  B.  Stetson  University Green  aud  White. 

Johns  Hopkins  University Black  and  Old  Gold. 

Kansas  City  University Crimson  and  Orange. 

Kansas  Wesleyan  University. .  .Purple  aud  Old  Gold. 

Kajitucky  University Crimson. 

Liifayette  College  (Pa.) Maroon  and  Wliite. 

Lake  Forest  University Ruby  Red  and  Black. 

Lawrence  University White  aud  Yale  Blue. 

Lebanon  Valley  College Blue  and  White. 

Lehigh   University Seal  Brown  and  White. 

Leiand  University Blue. 

Leiand  Stanford,  Jr.,  Uiiiv Cardinal. 

Louisiana  State  University Old  Gold  and  Royal  Purple. 

Manhattan  College Green  aud  White. 

Marietta  College Navy  Blue  and  White. 

Marquette  University Blue  and  Gold. 

Maryville  College Or.ange  and  Garnet^ 

Mass.  Institute  of  Technology. .  .Cardinal  Red  and  Silver  Gray. 

Miami  University .' Scarlet  and  White. 

Michigan  Agricultural  College. .Olive  Green. 

Miss.  Asrri.  and  Mech.  College.  .Maroon  and  White. 

Morris  Brown  Collesfe Royal  Purple  and  Black. 

Mount  Holyoke  College Light  Blue. 

Mount  Union  College Roval  Purple. 

Nebraska  Wesleyau  University.. Yellow  and  Brown. 

New  York  University ,.,, .Violet. 

Niagara  University Purple  and  White." 

Normal  College Lavender  and  White. 

Northwestern  University  (111.).  .Royal  Purple. 

Oberlln  College Crimson  aud  Gold. 

Oiilo  Northern  University Orange  and  Black. 

Ohio  State  Unlvarsity Scirlet  and  (iray. 

Ohio  University Olive  Green  ami  White. 

Ohlb  Wesleya, .  University Red  and  Black. 


ure>»on  Agricultural  College. .  ..Oiange. 

tjtiiiwa  University Suntlower  Yellow. 

Olterbfciu   University Cardinal  and  Tan. 

Pennsylvania  State  College. . .  .Navy  Blue  and  White. 
Polytechnic  Inst.  (Brooklyn;. ..  Blue  and  Gray. 

Pratt  Institute  (Brooklyn) Cadmium  Yellow. 

Princeton  University Orange  and  Black. 

Purdue  University 01<l  Gold  and  Black. 

Radcliffe  College Crimson  and  White. 

Rensselaer  Poly.  Institute Cherry  and  White. 

Rutgers  College Scarlet. 

Shaw  University   Garnet  ami  White. 

S'mmons  College Blue  and  Gold. 

Smith  College White. 

Southwest  Kansas  College Royal  Purple. 

State  College  of  Ky Blue  and  White. 

State  Universitv  of   Iowa Old  Gold. 

Stevens  Inst.  o£  Technology ...  .Silver  Gray  and  Cardinal. 

St.  Francis  Xavier  College Maroon  and  Blue. 

St.  Lawrence  University Scarlet  and  Brown. 

St.  Louis  University Blue  aud  Wliite. 

Syracuse  University Orange. 

Teachers'  College  (N.  Y.  City).. Blue  and  "White. 

Texas  Christian  College Royal  Puiple  and  White. 

Throop  Polytechnic  Institute.  .Orang..  and  White. 

Trinity  College  (N.  C.) Navy  Blue. 

Tufts  College Brown  and  Blue. 

Tuskegee  Institute Crimson  uud  Old  Gold. 

University  of  Alabama Crim.son  and  White. 

University  of  Arizona Blue  and  Red. 

University  of  Arkansas .Cardinal. 

University  of  California Blue  and  Gold. 

University  of  Chattanooga Old  Gold  and  Blae. 

University  of  Chicago Maroon. 

University  of  Cincinnati Red  aud  Black. 

University  of  Colorado .Silver  and  Gold.     ' 

University  of  Denver Crimson  and  Gold. 

University  of  Georgia Red  aud  Black. 

University  of  Idaho Silver  and  Gold. 

University  of  Illinois Orange  and  Blue. 

University  of  Kansas Crimson  and  Blue. 

University  of  Maine Light  Blue. 

University  of  Michigan Maize  and  Blue. 

University  of  Minnesota Old  Gold  and  Maroon. 

University  of  Missouri Black  and  OUl  Gsld. 

University  of  Montana Copper,  Gold,  andSilver. 

University  of  Nashville Garnet  and  Blue, 

University  of  Nebraska Scarlet  and  Cream. 

University  of  Nevada Royal  Bine  andSilver. 

University  of  North  Carolina.  ..White  and  Blue. 
University  of  North  Dakota..  ..Pink  and  Green. 

University  of  Notre  Dame Old  Gold  and  Marine  Blue. 

University  of  Oklahoma Crimson  and  Cream.   • 

University  of  Oregon Oregon  Grape, Green  andYellow 

University  of  Pennsylvania Red  and  Blue. 

University  of  Porto  Rico White  and  Red. 

University  of  Rochester Yellow. 

University  of  South  Dakota Vermilion. 

University  of  Southern  Cal.... Cardinal  and  Gold. 

University  of  the  South Purple  and  Old  Gold. 

University  of  Tennessee Orange  and  Wiiite. 

University  of  Texas White  aad  Gold. 

University  of  Utah Crimson  and  Silver. 

University  of  Vermont Green  and  Gold. 

University  of  Virginia Orange  and  Dark  Blue. 

University  of  Washington Purple  and  Gold. 

University  of  Wisconsin Cardinal. 

University  of  Wooster Black  and  Old  Gold. 

U.  S.  Military  Academy Bl.ack,  Gold,  and  Gray. 

U.S.  Naval  Academy Navy  Blue  and  Gold. 

Upper  Iowa  University Peacock  Blue  and  White. 

tJtah  Agri.  College. .' White  and  Blue. 

Valparaiso) University ...Old  Gold  and  Bright  Brown. 

Vanderbilt  University Black  and  Gold. 

Vas.sar  College Rose  aud  Gray. 

Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute. Orange  and  Maroon. 

Waldeu  University Black  aud  Red. 

Washburn  College Yale  Blue. 

Wash'n  aud  Jefferson  College... Red  and  Black. 
Washington  and  Lee  University. Blue  and  White. 

Washington  State  College Crimson  and  Gray. 

Washington  University  (Mo.).  .Myrtle  and  Maroon. 

Wellesley  College Deep  Blue. 

Wesleyan  University Cardinal  and  Black . 

Western  Reserve  University  ...Crimson  and  White. 
Western  Univ.  of  Pennsylvania.tiold  and  Blue. 

West  Virginia  University Old  Gold  and  Blue. 

Wilberforoe  University Green  and  Old  Gold. 

Willamette  University Cardinal  awd  Old  Gold. 

Williams  College Roval  Purple. 

Woman's  College  of  Balto Dark  Blue  and  Old  GolJ. 

Worcester  Polytechnic  Inst. . .  .Crimson  aud  .Steel  Grayi 
Vale  University Blue.  ^ 


jFountJations* 

Established  by  consolidation  of  "Tlie  Trusioes  of  the  Astor  Library,"  ''TLe  Trusteefi  of  the 
'Lenox  Library,"  and  "Tlie  Tildeu  Trust,' '  Mi-.j-a^,  1895,  twenty-one  Truhitees  being  chosen  Irom  the 
Trustees  of  these  corporations.  The  agreement  of  consolidation  provided  for  tlie  establishment  and 
maintenance  of  a  free  public  library  and  reading-room  in  the  City  of  JSew  York,  with  such  branches 
as  niierht  be  deemed  advisable  for  the  continued  promotion  oi  the  objects  and  purposes  of  these 
several  corporations. 

The  Trustees  soon  after  the  consolidation  m  1895  determined  to  pnrfnie  a)iberaf  pollcj' and  to 
create  a  ^reat  library  system  not  only  for  the  nse  of  scholars,  but  for  the  people.  The  best  perrnanent 
siteforthefutnreerreat  library  was  considered  to  be  in  Bryant  Park,  on  Fifth  Aveinie.  between  Fortieth 
and  Forti'-second  Htrt'et-s,  on  the  site  of  the  reservoh,  which  had  become  ob.'jolete  and  was  practically 
unused.  On  March  25,  189i),  the  Trn^tees  ma<le  a  formal  address  to  the  INfayor  asKing  aid  from  the 
city  in  securing'  the  site  of  the  reservoir,  and  in  May,  1896,  the  Legislature  passed  a  law  authorising 
the  removal  of  the  reservoir  and  the  lease  of  the  land  to  the  Library.  Oii  May  19.  1897.  another  act 
was  passed  providing  for  the  construction  by  the  city  of  a  library  building  on 'the  reservoir  site,  and 
forits  lease  to  the  Library,  which  act  wa.**  amen<le«l  in  1900,j(n)OTinp  lh«  limit  of  cost.  On  Novembei 
10  the  architects  were  selected  for  the  new  btiildhif?  and  on  Decen)ber  1  the  plans  were  approved 
by  the  city.  The  style  of  architecture  is  Renaissance  and  the  material  ustd  is  white  marble. 
The  building  fronts  on  Fifth  Avemie.  lookinp  east.  'J'he  greatest  projection  of  the  main  facade 
of  the  building  Is  seventy- live  feet  back  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  building  line.  ■  It  is  intended  to  mft"kea 
terrace  out  of  this  seventy-five  feet  of  foreground,  serving  as  a  grand  approach  to  the  main  entrnnce. 
The  terrace  will  be  465  feet  long.  There  will  be  a  hallway  in  the  centre  of  the  building  eighty  feet 
long  and  forty  feet  wide.  The  staircases  which  lead  to  the  second  and  third  tioorswill  be  bl  stone, 
twelve  feet  wide.  The  arches  of  the  vestihule  are  thirty-five  feet  high  and  fifteen  feet  wide.  Tlie  en- 
trance to  the  stairs  ana  the  elevators  will  be  found  on  the  Fortieth  .Street  side.  The  rooms  for  the 
circulation  of  books  and  thechildren's  roinn  will  be  on  the  basement  floor,  Forty-second  Street  side; 
on  this  floor  will  be  also  theroomsfor  newspapers,  the  biudingand  printingdepariments;  the  first  floor 
willcoutain  the  olTices  of  the  business  superintendent.  sni)erinfendent  of  cinulation,  patents,  and 
periodicals  leatling- rooms,  and  exhibition  roon>s;  on  tlie  second  floor  will  be  the  Trustees'  room,  the 
office  of  the  Director,  lecture  and  .issend)ly  rooms,  c«\taloguing  and  accession  departments,  and 
various  special  reading-rooms,  the  third  floor  will  contain  the  large  gelieral  reading-rooms,  the 
public  catalogue,  si>ecial  reading-r^oms  for  mannscripts,  .Americana,  etc.,  the  smart  books  and 
pictures,  the  print  room,  etc.  There  will  be  about  340  feet'ol  ground  between  the  west  elevation  of 
the  building  and  the  present  park.  The  design  of  the  Iniilding  will  he  moinnnental  in  character, 
with  classical  proportions.  After  delajs,  owh'g  to  the  inaVrilitvof  the  citv  tnapprnpnate  funds  for 
the  work,  the  removal  of  the  reservoir  "was  bosun  on  June  6, 1890.  The  entire  buildins  was  under 
roof  at  the  end  of  November,  1906. 

On  March  12,1901,  Mr.  Andrew  Carneg/e  ofTetea  lo  give  $5,200,000  to  the  city  for  the  con- 
struction and  equipment  of  free  circulating  lihrarips  upon  condition  that  tl»e  city  should  provide  the 
land  and  agree  to  maintain  the  libraries  when  built.  This  communication  was  submitted  to  the 
Mayor  on  March  15.  and  on  April  26  an  act  was  passed  authorizing  acceptance  of  the  gift  by  the 
city  upon  the  terms  imposed  by  Mr.  Caniegie.  An  agreement  with  the  city  was  executed  on  July 
17,  the  Library  acting  as  agent  for  Mr.  Carnegie,  under  VNhich  forty-two  buildings  are  lobe  erected 
in  Manhattan,  the  Bronx,  and  llichmond  (later  increased  to  fifty),  on  sites  to  be  selected  and  pur- 
chased by  the  ciiy  with  the  app rural  of  the  J^ibrary.  the  buildings  to  be  leased  to  the  Librae  and 
to  be  under  its  control.  The  city  agrees  to  provide  adequate  yearly  maintenance.  10  per  cent,  or  the 
cost  of  each  building  being  agreed  upon  as  a  minimum. 

On  November  7.  1901,  an  agreement  was  made  with  three  firms  of  architects  .n  iSew  ^ork  to 
prepare  plans  and  specifications  for  these  branch  libraries.  On  June  6,  1902,  an  issue  of  bonds  for 
$250,000  was  authorized  for  purchase  of  sites.  The  first  Carnegie  building,  known  as  the  Yorkville 
branch,  was  opened  December  13,  1902,  at  222  East  Seventy-ninth  Street;  the  s<^coud.  providing  a 
new  home  for  the  Chatham  Square  branch,  was  opened  November  2,1903,  at  31  Fast  Broadway. 
Twenty-nine  other  sites  have  been  acquired  under  the  contract,  and  building  operations  are  under 
way.    The  Trustees  of  the  Library  are . 


William  W.  AppletoUj 
John  Bigelovv, 
John  L.  Cadwalader, 
Andrew  Carnegie, 
Cleveland  II.  Dodge. 
John  Murphy  Farley, 


Samuel  Greenbanm,         J.  Piei*pont  Morgan, 
H.  Van  Ren.  Kennedy,  {Morgan  J.  O'Bnen, 
John  S.  Kennedy, 
Edward  King, 
Le\\'is  Cass  J>edyard, 
Alexander  3\[aitlaud, 


Stephen  H.  Olin, 
Alexander  E.  Orr, 
Henry  C.  Potter, 


George  L.  Rives, 
Chas.  Howland  Russell, 
?;dward  W.  Sheldon, 
George  W.  Smith, 
Frederick  Sturges. 


Mayor  of  City  of  New  York,  sx-ojWcio;  Compt-roller  of  the  City  of  New  York,  ca^-o^cio-,  President 
of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  (zc-officio. 

There  is  an  advisory  committee  on  circnlatlon  consisting  of  F.  W.  Stevens,  K  S.  Whitman,  C, 
Bcribiier,  F.  C.  Huntington,  W.  W-  Appleton,  Chairman'  Mark  Ash,  D.  P.  Ingraham,  J.  H. 
McMahon,  Cleveland  H.  Dodge. 

Bran-ches—Rkfkrexce.— Astor  Building,  42b  Lafayette  Street.    Open  weekdays  9  a.  m.  to 9 
p.  M.    Lenox  Bollding,  800  Fifth  Avenue.     Open  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  week  days. 

I 
llanc 
dorfer). 

23d  St.i. , ,_-_...  -.,     _      -,         ...        -        .. 

St.  (Cathedral),  463  W.  51st  St.,  121  E.  58th  St., 328  E.  67th  St. ,  190  Amsterdam  Ave.  (Riverside 


l45th  St.,  922  St.  NJchola.s  Ave.  (Washinsrton  Heights),  140th  St.  and  Alexander  Ave.  (Mott 
Haven),  17Btli  St.  and  Washington  Ave.  (Tremont),  3041  Kini,"«bridec  Ave.  (Kingsbridge):  Stuyve- 
sant  and  Hyatt»ts.  ,St.  (^eoree;  12  Hennett  St.,  I'ort  Richmond;  Canal  and  Bnwk  Sts.  etaplGtou; 
AmbovRond.  Tottenrille.    Bnvnches  ojiPii  from  9  a.m.  to  9  p.m.  week  daj'.s. 

Statistics  for  year  ended  Jrnie  30,  1907  :  Volumes  called  for  in  reference  hrancues,  SHG.lBi  j 
number  of  readers  using  above  volumes  182. 67S;  visitors  to  refen-nce  buildlnsrs,  art  galleries,  ex- 
hibits, etc., 217. 715;  volumes  given  out  for  home  u.se,  5,090,555;  volumes  in  reiereiice  deparliuen U 
710,239:  pamphlets  in  reference  department,  270,961;  volumes  m  circulation  department,  693,otil 


American  Jfuniane  Associatloi  565 


American  ^wutitxiu  of  .Social  ^ccbicc* 

Orran'IZED  1898  for  social  and  iiKlustrial  ininroveineiit.  witli  thf>  following  offirors:  PiTr,idrnt— 
Josiah  Strong.  r/ce-/^r.s»<te(i«— Warner  Van  Nordeu.  Direc/nr—W.  H.  Tolmau.  Tren.'inrer—W UWam 
B.  Jlowland.  The  Institute  consists  of  forty  men  and  women,  who  are  its  govprninsr  V)od.v.  Kach 
year  one  hundred  distinguished  students  of  Social  subjects  may  he  elected  collaborators  for  one 
vear,  and  one  hundred  men  and  women  who  are  disUnynished  for  their  public  sei-vices,  or  who  are 
known  to  be  deeply  interested  in  social  and  industrial  betterment,  may  be  elected  for  one  year  as 
associates.  The  Institute  i-eceiyed  the  highest  award  (Grand  Prix)  iu  Social  Kcononiy,  at  the 
Paris  Kxposition,  19U0;  the  St.  Louis  Exposition,  1904;  liiege,  1905;  Milan.  1906  aud  Paris, 
1907.    The  headquarters  of  tlie  Institute  are  at  231  West  39th  Street,  New  York. 


ffi^ijc  ^mertcan  i^uscum  of  Safety  mt\>ittu  antr  l^wtiuutvial 

Oeganized  September  1,1907,  as  a  department  of  the  American  Institute  of  Social  Service. 
The  policy  of  the  musetmi  is  shaped  by  a  Committee  of  Direction  of  the  leading  representatives  of 
the  technical  and  etigineeriiisr  profession  in  America.  C/xdrm-nn,  Ch^irles  KirchofT,  Jrmi  Age.  Vice- 
Chairman,  T.  ("ommertord  Martin,  Electriml  World.  Serrelan/,  A.  Spies,  ElrctricM  R'CQrdandSleam. 
Director,  William  H.  Tolmau.  The  museum  occupies  the  entire  fifth  floor  (10,500  square  feet)  of 
the  new  Thirty-ninth  Street  building,  231  West  Thirty-ninth  Street. 

The  object  of  this  museum  is  to  direct  the  attention  of  the  American  public  to  the  necessity  of 
doing  something  to  lessen  the  causes  of  accidents  to  American  life  and  labor,  b.v  means  of  a  per- 
manent exhibit  of  safety  devices,  whereby  all  problems  of  safeguarding  life  and  limb  can  be  studied 
in  their  working  details. 

WA}t  Alliance  jFrancat.^c* 

The  FeSeration  of  French  Alliances  In  the  United  States  and  Canada  number  150  groups.  The 
officers  of  the  Federation  are:  Jionorary  Prrxidevf—.J.  .1.  .Tusserand,  French  Ambassador.  Prenident.— 
J.  LePoy  White,  Baltimore.  Vire-pre^idrnta—VanX  Fuller,  New  York;  F.  (■.  de  Sumichrast,  Boston; 
Alex.  T.  Mason,  New  York;  Samuel  Bovie,  Philadelphia,  fierretary  and.  2Vert.v«rcr.— Henry  Bargy, 
New  York.  Board  of  lHrerfnr.'i—Yvo<\(^v\c  R.  Coudert,  New  York;  .lames  H.  Hyde.  New  York; 
W.  N.  Sloan,  New  York:  T.  Tileston  Wells,  New  York.  Assistant  Secretary ^(JtG0.1ja.iixo\.\VGi.  Office, 
1402  Broadwaj',  New  York  City. 

Actors'  iFttuicr  of  ^mrrica. 

P;T.9irt/;ii/— Daniel  Froliman.  First  Vice-President— .Jo^eiyh  R.  Grismer.  Second  Vice- President-- 
Antonio  Pastor.  'precisarer— Henry  B  Harris.  Secretary~'FT2in'k  McKee.  Assistant  Secretary— 
Theodore  Bromley. 

The  Actors'  Fund  was  established  in  1882  to  provide  assistance  for  disabled  and  needy  members 
of  the  theatrical  profession,  and  burial  for  such  as  leave  no  means  therefor.  The  Actors' Fund  Home, 
West  New  Brighton,  Staten  Island,  under  the  direction  of  the  Actors'  Fund  of  America,  was  opened 
May  10,  1902.  This  is  a  home  for  ac^ed  aud  needy  actors  and  .actresses.  There  are  18  honorary 
members,  including  ex- President  Cleveland.  Chauricey  M.  Depew,  Ignace  Paderewski,  and  220  life 
members.    Office,  112-114  West  Forty-second  Street,  New  York. 


^ctor*!'  Cljttrclj  .Alliance  of  ^nttrfca. 

NATIONAL  COTTNCIIj. 

President— R\^\\i  Rev.  Henry  C.  Potter,  D.  T).  First  JHce- President— Mrs.  Mary  Gibbs  Spooner. 
Second  Vice-President— Miss  Isabelle  Eve.sson.  «S'fccr€to?"(/— Miss  Oliuda  D.  Drescher.  Treasurei'— Miss 
Eliza  B.  Harris. 

Additional  O^oers,  1908— Rev.  T.  H.  Sill,  Rev.  F.  J.  Clay-Moran,  Miss  Ida  I.  Ackerman,  Mrs.  .1. 
Alexander  Brown,  Miss  Florence  Vaiian,  Mr.s.  Ett'ie  Hender.son,  Mrs.  Hudson  Listen,  Mrs.  Maggie 
Breyer,  Mrs.  Edvtli  'I'otten  McGrath,  Mr.  Samuel  Morris,  1909— Rev.  Frank  Goodchild,  Miss 
Esther  A.  Rolph,  Mr.  J.  C.  Pnmpelly,  ]\rrs.  If.  H.  Knowles.  Rev.  S.  S.  Mitchell.  Miss  Rosa  Band, 
Mr.  Damon  Lyon,  jNIr.  G.  F.  Slurgis,  Miss  Kizzie  B.  INfasters.    INfrs.   .1.  S.  Ferguson. 

The  purpose  of  tne  Alliance  is  to  establish  closer  relations  between  church  and  theatre,  and  minis- 
tering to  members  of  the  dnnmatic  profession.  It  is  established  in  400  cities, and  has  on  its  rolls  1,200 
ch.aplains.  The  calendars  of  church  services  of  ali>  deuominatibns  are  posted  In  600  theatres.  The 
office  of  the  General  Secretar}^  and  headquarters  is  133  West  44th  Street. 


^metncan  <^ocicti>  foe  tfje  J^tebrntton  of  (ttxttlt^  to  .^nimalis 

Pj-esiden^— Alfred  WagstafF.  Vice-President— J &mQ5  Grant  Wilson.  /S'er7-e^«7-i'— Richard  Welling. 
Treasurer— 'H.&nry  Bergh.  Board  of  JIa7iagers— Henry  Bergh,  Horace  W.  Carpentier,  Geortce  A. 
Plimpton,  Charles  S.  Roe,  Thomas  Sturgis,  Cortlandt  8.  Vafl  Rensselaer,  Francis  E.  Ward,  Gordon 
Knox  Bell,  Frederic  R.  Coudert,  John  D.  Crimmins,  George  C.Holt,  John  H.  Iselin,  F.  Aug. 
Schermerhorn,  Evert  Jansen  Wendell,  G.  Howard  Davison,  Rush  C.  Hawkins,  Jefferson  Seligman, 
James  Spej'er,  Alfred  WagstafT,  Richard  Welling,  James  Grant  Wilson.  Gen'^ral  3fanager.,WU\\tiTn 
K.  Horton.  Superintendent,  Thomas  F.  Freel.  Headauarters,  Madison  Avenue  and  Twenty-sixth 
Street, New  York. 

^mtcCcan  l^umane  .^ssioctation. 


A  FEDERATION  of  socicties  and  individuals  "for  the  prevention  of  cruelty,  especially  cruelty  to 
children  and  animals."  The  officers  are:  J'resident—T>r.  William  O.  Stillman,  Albany,  N.  Y.  Secre- 
tary—Mrs. MaryF.  LovpU,  Wyncote,  Pa.     Z^eastirer- Alfred  Millard,  Omaha,  Neb. 


566  SnbUJiso)Lla)i  lusiltutlon. 


<Smttf|sonfan  Jt  ustttutioiu 

FOR  i"ttE  INCREASE  AND  l>IFFU.:>ION  OF  KNOWLEDCiE  AMONG  MEN. 

OFFICERS  or  THH  8M1TH80NIAX    INSTITUTJON. 

Ex- Officio  P^residinp  Officer  of  the  InstUuf  ion,  Theodore  Roosevelt,  President  of  the  United  States; 
Chancellor  qf  the  Institution,  Melville  W.  Fuller,  Cnief  Justice  of  the  United  States;  Secretant  or  the 
Jnstitution,  Charles  D.  Walcott;  Assistant  decretory  in  Charye  of  United  Slates  J^atiunal  Museum, 
Richard  Rathbuu;  Assistant  Secretary  in  Charge  of  LiOrari/  and  Krchrtmies,  Cyrus  Adler. 

Jiuurd  Of'  Jirpents,  Melville  W.  Fuller,  Chief  Justice  ot  the  UuiiedState-s,  CUaucellor;  Charles  AV. 
Fairiianks,  Vice- President  of  the  Uuiied  Stales;  fehelhy  IVL  Cullorn,  Member  of  theScuaie;  Heury 
Gauot  l*)(ige.  Member  of  the  Seuate;  A.  O.  Ractm,  Member  of  the  Senate;  Johu  Dalzell,  Member  of 
the  House  of  Kepreseuiatives;  James  K.  Mauu,  Meuiber  of  the  House  Of  Representatives;  Wllljar* 
M.  Howard,  Member  of  the  House  of  Represeutativcs;  James  B.  Angell,  citizen  of  Michigan; 
Aud:e\v  JD.  White,  citizen  of  New  York;  John  B.  Henderson,  citizen  of  Washington,  D."  C.  ; 
AKxaudcr  Graham  Bell,  citizen  of  Washington,  D.  C;  Richard  Oiuey,  citizen  of  Massachusetts; 
George  Gray,  citizen  of  JJelavvare. 

The  Institution  at  Washington,  D.  C,  was  established  by  statute  in  1S46,  under  the 
terms  of  the  will  of  James  Smithson,  who  bequeathed  his  fortune  in  1826  to  the  United 
States  for  the  "increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge  among  men."  From  the  income  of 
the  fund  a  building,  known  as  the  Smithsonian  Building,  was  erected  on  land  given  by 
the  United  States.  The  Institution  is  legally  an  establishment  having  as  its  members  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  the  Vice-President,  the  Chief  Justice,  and  the  President's 
Cabinet.  It  is  governed  by  a  Board  of  Regents  consisting  of  the  Vice-President,  the 
Chief  Justice,  three  members  of  the  United  States  Senate,  three  members  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  and  six  citizens  of  the  United  States  appointed  by  joint  resolution  of 
Congress.  It  is  under  the  immediate  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Siiiithsonian  Institu- 
tion, who  is  the  executive  officer  of  the  Board  and  the  director  of  the  Institution's 
activities. 

For  the  increase  of  knowledge,  the  Insbitutlon  aids  investlgatoi'S  by  making  grant!» 
for  research  and  exploration,  supplying  books,  ai)paratus,  laboratory  accommodations,  etc. 
It  occasionally  provides  for  lectures,  which  are  published.  It  has  initiated  numerous 
soientific  projects  of  national  importance,  some  of  which  have  been  turned  over  to  the 
Government  and  resulted  in  the  creation  of  independent  Government  bureaus.  It  advises 
the  Government  in  many  matters  of  scientific  importance,  eapecially  in  those  that  have  an 
international  aspect.  It  co-operates  with  scientific  bodies  of  national  Importance,  like  the 
National  Academy  of  Sciences,  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
the  American  Historical  Association,  etc.  It  issues  three  regular  series  of  publications: 
Annual  Reports,  containing  papers  of  general  interest  intended  to  keep  the  ordinary  reader 
abreast  of  the  progress  of  science;  Contributions  to  Knowledge,  the  distinct  feature  of 
which  is  that  each  memoir  constitutes  an  original  contribution  to  knowledge;  Miscellaneous 
Collections,  which  contain  bibliographies,  reports  of  expeditions,  standard  tables,  and  a 
scientific  quarterly.  All  these  publications  are  distributed  gratuitously  to  Important 
libraries  throughout  the  world. 

THE   IISrSTITUTION    LIBRARY. 

The  Institution  maintains  a  library  in  co-operation  with  the  Library  of  Congress,  which 
numbers  250,000  volumes,  and  consists  mainly  of  the  transactions  of  learned  societies  and 
soientific  periodicals.  While  the  body  of  the  library  is  deposited  in  the  Library  of  Congress 
and  accessible  to  all  its  readers,  a  working  library  is  maintained  at  the  Institution.  Li^ts, 
bibliographies,  rules  for  cataloguing  and  library  work  have  been  published.  It  supports  a 
table  at  the  Biological  Station  at  Naples.  All  these  and  numerous  other  activities  may  be 
carried  on  solely  from  the  income  of  the  Smithsonian  fund.  The  Regents  are  empowered 
to  accept  gifts  without  action  of  Congress,  in  furtherance  of  the  purposes  of  the  Institution, 
and  to  administer  trusts  in  accord  therewith. 

The  parent  Institution  has  the  administrative  charge  of  several  branches  which  grew 
out  of  its  early  activities  and  which  are  supported  by  Congressional  appropriations.  These 
are  the  National  Museum,  including  the  National  Gallery  of  Art;  the  International  Ev- 
change  Ser\ice,  the  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology,  the  National  Zoological  Park.  th-> 
Astrophysical  Observatory,  and  the  Regional  Bureau  for  the  International  Catalogue  of 
Scientific    Literature. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM  Is  the  depository  of  the  national  col- 
lections. It  is  especially  rich  in  the  natural  history,  geology,  paleontology,  archaeology 
and  ethnology  of  America,  and  has  unique  collections  of  American  history,  as  well  as 
many  series  relating  to  fine  arts  and  the  industrial  arts.  It  is  both  an  educational  and  a 
research  museum,  and  issues  numerous  technical  and  popular  scientific  publications.  The 
National  Gallery  of  Art  consists  largely  of  the  collections  of  etchings  and  engravings  of 
George  P.  Marsh,  the  collections  of  Chartes  L.  Freer,  csntaining  numerous  paintings  and 
etchings  by  Whistler,  and  examples  of  Chinese  and  .Japanese  art;  the  Harriet  Lane  John- 
st(m  collection,  including  a  number  of  the  greatest  English  portrait  painters,  and  the 
collection  of  William  T.  Evans,  of  fifty  paintings,  representing  some  of  the  best  work 
of   American   artists. 

THE  INTERNATIONAL  EXCHANGES,  carried  on  in  accordance  with  the  terms  pf  a 
treaty  entered  into  between  the  United  States  and  various  foreign  nations,  is  for  the  free 
interchange  of  Governmental  and  scientific  publications  between  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  and  foreign  governments  and  institutions,  and  Investigators  in  the  United 
States  and  foreign  lands.  At  present  it  has  .")(".. :!1 4  correspondents,  and  since  Its  establisn- 
ment  over  2.7r.0.00O  packages  have  been   handled   l>y   it. 

The  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology,  a  study  of  the  North  Amerlcaji  Indian,  the 
Astrophysical  Observatory  for  the  investigation  of  solar  phenomena,  the  National 
Zoological  Park  at  WashingtMDn,  and  the  Regional  Bureau  for  the  collection  and  classifica- 
tion of  the  natural  and  physical  sciences,  are  also  departments  of  the  work  of  th« 
Institution. 


Hell  (J  to  us   iStu  1 1  sties. 


5G7 


3Kfliflious  .Statistics. 

JfUMBER.S  IN  THK  WORLD  Af'CORDlNG  TO  CREED. 
Thk  following  estimates, by  M.  Fournier  de  Flaix,  are  the  latest  that  have  been  laade  by  a  compe- 
tent authority:  • 


Crkkds. 


1  Christianity 

2  Worship    of    Ancestors    and 

Conluciauism 

3  ]lindooism 

4  Mohummedauism 


No.  of  Followerfj. 


477,080.158 

250.(XK).«)00 
190.(KM).l)04) 
17(i,8;i4.L;7"J 


Crkku.s. 


No.  of  Followers. 


Buddhism ... 

Taoism  

Shintoisni ... 

Jndaism 

Polvtiieisni.. 


147.900.000 

43,000.000 

14.1)00.000 

7.180.(i00 

117,«S1,669 


CHRLSTIANITV. 


Churchks. 


Catholic  Church 

Protestant  Churches 

Orthodox  Greek  Church.. 

Church  of  Abys.sinia 

Coptic  Church 


iTotal   Followers. 

'        230,866.533 

143.237,625 

98.U16.000 

3.0<X».000 

120.000 


Churches.                . 

Total   Followers. 

Armenian  Church 

1,690.000 
80.000 
70,000 

477.080.158 

Ne.storians -. 

Jacobites 

Total 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  SEMITIC  ARYAN  RACES. 


Geographical 

.DiVI.SXONS. 


Europe.... 
America . 
Oceanica . 
Africa  .... 
Asia  


Total  Followers. 


Christianity. 


Catholic 
Church. 


Protestant 
Churches. 


160,165.000 

58,393.882 

6,574.481 

2,655.920 

3,007,250 


80.812,000 

57,294.014 

2,724,781 

1,744,080 

662,750 


230,866,533     143,237,625 


Orthodox 
Churches. 


Moham- 
medanism. 


Judaism. 


89,196,000  ;       6,629.000 


24.699,787 

I     36.000,000 

8,820,000     109,535.585 


6.456.000 
1.100,000 


98,016.000     176.834,372 


400.000 
200,000 

•8.1.56.000 


RELIGIOUS  DIVISIONS  OF  EUROPE. 


Countries. 


Russia 

Germany 

Austria- Hungary 

France 

United  Kingdom.. 

Italy 

Spain  

Belgium  - 

Roumania 

Ottoman  Empire.. 

Netherlands...., 

Portugal 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Denmark 

Greece 

Servia 

Bulgaria 

Norway  

Roumelia 

Montenegro 

Luxembourg 

Malta 

Gibraltar  


Catholic 
Church. 

9.600.000 

17,100.000 

31.1(X),000 

35.387.000 

6.500.000 

29.850.000 

16,850,000 

5.880.000 

100.000 

320, 000 

1,-545,000 

4,300,000 

1,000 

1.172,000 

3,000 

10.000 

6.000 

29.000 

1,000 

30,000 

5.000 

200,000 

160,000 

16,000 


Protestant 
Churches. 


3,400,000 

29,478,00t) 

3.900.000 

580.000 

30,100.000 

62.000 

29,000 

15.000 

15.000 

11,000 

2,756,000 


4,698.000 
1.710.000 


Orthodox 
Churches 


73,310,000 
3.100,000 


4,800,000 
1,700,000 


2,089,0001 

lO.OOOJ 

1,000 


Jews. 


3.400.000 

590,000 

1,700.  OCX) 

49.000 

100.000 

.     38.  (KX) 

5.000 

3.00O 

400,000 

60,(KX> 

83.000 


1.958.000 


1.930,000 
1,973.000 
1.393,000 


2.000 
8.000 
4.000 
5.000 
5,000 


Moham- 
medan.s. 

3.000,000 


1  Unclassified 

290.  OOO 
32.000 

100. DOO 
84.0<J0 

500.  OiM) 
50,(HMJ 


30.(KMJ 
2,708,(MX» 


700  000 
290.000^ 


4,000 


45,0(K) 

1.5,000 

571.000 


2.000 
55.01HJ 
70.000 
16.<MX) 

i.mx) 

1  000 

10.  OOO 

4,000 


240.000 


l.O(K) 
2.000 
1,000 


TotalFollo\vers.^„^....  160.165,000    80.812.000    89.196.000      6.456,000      6.629.000 

The  distinction  between  followers  and  actual  communicants  should  be  observed. 

ENGLISH-SPEAKING  RELIGilOL^S  COMMUNITIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 

29,200.000  ' 
18,650,000 
15,500.000 
12.250.000 
9,230,000 


1.219.000 


Episcopalians 

ivfethodists  of  all  descriptions 

Roman  Catholics 

Presbyterians  of  all  descriptions 

Baptists  of  all  descriptif/ns 

Congregatlonallsts  of  all  descrip- 
tions  


6.150  000 


Free  Thinkers 

Lutherans,    etc 

Unitarians  

Minor  religious  sects 

Of  no  particular  religion.. 


English-speaking  population.. 


5,250,000 
2.800.000 
2.60<").0<X) 
5,500.000 
17,000,000 

124,130.000 


A  very  large  number— more  than  18,000.000— of  Hindoos,  Mohammedans,  Buddhists,  and  others  In 
the  East  also  speak  and  read  English. 

The  estimates  in  the  la.st  table  were  from  Whitaker's  (London)  Almanack. 

The  "Encyclopetlia  Rritamilca,"  last  edition,  makes  a  rough  estimate  of  numbers  of  Protestants  In 
the  world  speakinsr  all  civili/.ed  languages,  and  places  the  Lutherans  at  the  head,  with  over  42,000,000 
members  imostlv  in  f^ermanv  and  srandinavia).  and  the  .A nsrlifan  church  second,  with  about  20,- 
0(X>,000  membei-s.  *  The  .\mericaii  Jewish  Year  Bonk  lor  1907  f^timated  the  number  of  Jews  in  the 
United  States  at  1,777,185  and  in  the  world  at  11,585,202  in  1907. 


568 


Heliglous  Denortiinations  in  the   United  States. 


5^cliijicius  BcHomfufltlous  i\i  tlje  sauttctr  estates. 

Statisticsof  ^rinistoi's.  Churches, and  Com mnnl runts  cr  Members,  prt^^ared  bj'  Dr.  TI.  K.  Carroll,  late 
Special  Agent  of  tlie  United  .states  Census  Ottioi;,  for  7'he  Chrlslian  Advocate,  and  published  in  1907. 


t)SNOMINATION8. 


Adtbxtists  : 

Evangelical 

Advent  ChtiBtians 

Seventh-Day 

Church  of  God 

Life  and  Advent  Union 

Churches  of  God  iu  Jesus  Christ. 


Total  Adventists 

Baptists  : 

Regular,  North 

Regular,  South 

Ua^olar,  Colored , 

Six  Principle 

Seventh-Day 

Freewill .... 

Original  Freewill . , 

General , 

Separate . 

fciited 

Eaptist  Chsiich  of  Christ, . .   

Piimjtive, , , 

Olil  Two  Seed  in  the  .Spirit  Predes 

linarian , 

Church  of    God    and    Saints    of 

Christ 


Total  Baptists. ...... 

Beetheen  <River): 

Brethren  in  Christ 

OM  Order,  or  Yorker.. 
baited  Ziou'e  Chil4ten. 


Total  Rivet  Brethren. 

By-.nTnr.KN  (I'i.vmolth): 

Brethren  (I.) 

Brethren  (II.) 

Brethren  (III.) 

Brethren  (t\ ".) 


Total  Plymouth  Brethren .... 

Bp,.r»HI-.T  (Cut.VF.Sli) 

IitJM>HlT          AKD         ShINTOIST 
(J  AfAK  ESE) 


Catholics: 

Roiiinn  Catholic... 
Maranite  Catholic  . 
Polish  Catholic  ... 

0!JCatli..lic 

lieforme  1  Catholic. 
ltu-si!»n  Ortliodox.  . 
Gii-ek  Orthodox.... 
SSyrian  Ortiiudoz.  . 
Ariiieniau 


34 
912 
486 
19 
60 
S4 


1,566 

7,947 

13,334 

l&,04a 

8 

116 

1,248 

120 

475 

113 

25 

80 

2,IK0 

:joo 

71 


38,010 

14<) 

20 


i: 


Total  Catholics  (c).. » . . . . 

Catholic  A portolic 

Chink.sh   Tkmpi.es 

Chuistadki.phians 

ChriBtific  Connection 

C;iP.isTiA.N  Catholic  (1)i>wis) 

Cheistian  Missionauv  A.ss'.n....  .. 

Christian  SciKVnsts .' 

ChKISJTI)!. V    U.NIO.V , 

Chukcb  Of  God  (Winnkerknnak- 

1AN) 

Chirch  ch'thk  Nkw  Jerusalem.... 
CoMMt'.vts-TK;  SociKi?rEs: 
•      fth.<i1;c'i3 


Aniana , 

HarnHjiiy , 

A  Itruists 

Church  Triunrph.antO^oreshan  Ec 

ol.-Ma) 

Christian  Commonwealth........ 


Total  OorAinnniata. 

Co.NC KK<;  ATION *  I,IST.S . . 
JDlfiCU-LKd    Og  CiiKlST. 


15,101 

10 

3:; 

3 

6 

75 

2U 

6 

15 


1«,269 
95 

V.34''' 
104 

l',39e 

201: 

499 
1-28 


5,950 
7,143 


.a 
O 


30 

&1II 

1,707 

29 

2^ 
95 


2,499 

9.274 
21.8ii3 

18 

88 

1,409 

535 
iOS 

J204 
15--' 

s,s;;o 

473 
93 


54,506 


€0 


2S 


98 

I 

109 
S8 
86 
31 


314 
47 


10 
43 


4 
10:i 

2.'. 

Sfl 


12,449 

10 

""6 
l,340i 
11(1 

"€•.» 
5«8 

590' 
139 


22 
5,943 

n,iiui 


3   to 

a  = 


1,147 

26.5110 

60,471 

647 

3,v00 

2,^72 


96,437 

l,113.«!t 

!, 939,563 

1,779,091 

ti.iS 

8,493 

82,303 

12,111)0 

29,:;47 

«,4;9 

13,209 

S,'Jd4 

12C,<kO 

12,851 

8.500 


5, 140,770 
S,500 

L'14 


4,239 

2,289 

2,419 

l,'-35 

718 


6,661 


10.879.9.^0 

35,000 

42, -^.^0 

4.5 

1,?.0 

5.-.,ii(i0 

80,000 

40,000 

8,500 


11,143,4:5 
1,491 

V.277 
W1,B97 
4«,V>00 


80,1  ?7 

1.7w50U 

41,4!:  5 
8,084 

1,00!' 

I,7t6 

8 

25 

205 
80 


De.nominations. 


DL'NKakps: 

Conservatives. 

Old  Order 

Progressive 

Seventh-Day  (German). 


Total  Dunkards 

EvANfiti.icAi.  BooiKs  : 

Evangelical  AsBociatiiMi 

United  Evangelical  Church. 


S,084 

f.94  9i'3 
l,264,76d 


Tot,al  Evaugelical 

FRIK.XliS- 

Ortiiodoi 

"  Hiiksite" 

"Wiiinirite" 

Primitive 

Total  Friends 

I'aiKNKS  Ol'THK  TeMPLK 

(iKKMA.N   FVANUCLICAL  PllOTESTANT. 

German  Evanoklicai.  Synod 

■i  Kw* : 

Orthodox.. 

Uefonned 

Total  Jewsf^e  Kote  a) 

I.ATrsK-DAV  Saints  : 

IHah   I'raiich 

Keor^'aiiized  Branch 

Total  Moriuous 

l.LTHKRAXS  : 

((ittueral  Bodies)  : 

General   .Sviiod 

United  Syiiod,  South 

General  Council. 

Svnodical  Conference 

L*iiited  Korwegi.-in. 

([iirtefiMideut  Synods): 

Ohi« 

Buffalo 

llan-e's '.... 

Eielseii's 

TeX:iS .^ 

'   Iowa 4. > 

Nor-.vc^ian 

M^irhit^^-iii,  cU:. 

Danish  In  America 

Icelandic 

Imman'uel 

Snoniai.  Finnic 

Korwe-Liii  Pree 

Dimish  United •• 

SSovakian....... ., 

Finnish  National 

Finnish   Apostolic...    

Chun  h  olf  the  Lutheran 
Hreihren  (Norwegian) 

Independent  Conj^egations 

Total  Lutiierane  (b) 

Swedish     Evaksblicai,  Mission 

CuVE.NANT  (WAi.U£:<SI&OUIANs).. 

Mgnnomtks  : 

Menuonite 

Bniederhoef 

Aiuieh 

Old  Auiish 

.  Apo.4tolic 

Het'omied 

•  General  Conference 

■Ohurohof  God  in  Chrigt 

01d(VVis!er) 

I5u iKles  Conference. ,. 

Deiaucvkaa. 

Brethren  in  Christ 

^tal  Mennonites 

.Mkthooist.-;  : 

Mi-tliodist  Episcopal 

Union  American  Bl.  K 

African  Methodist  ttpiscupal.. .  . 

African  Union  Meth.  Protestant.. 
African  ^letiiodist  Epiiitx>|jal  Zioii.. 
Mctuodi^t  Protealaut. 


2,760 

SIS 

263 

5 


S,-.4I 

995 
513 


1,508 


1,652 


1,361 

226 

453 
547 


1,-J40 

17,614 

6,1^0 

150 

3,871 

1,S51 


3 

o 


855 

164 
6 


1,100 

1,735 
995 


8,730 


1,302 

83tt 

115 

183 

3n 

53 

11 

9 

1, 4m 

l.Otfi 

4 

4 

100 

155 

964 

1,2j7 

135 

340 

166 

'.'30 

301 

670 

752 

775 

HM 

5»3 

1,328 


l,32fi 
448 
2,13<i 
3.932 
1^J5 

705 
4V 

i9i 
60 
2 

S80 

94 
54 

11? 
3<< 
1 

110 

4Uft 

204 
5 

44 
67 

14' 

soil 


13,91y 

351 

289 
5 

12fi 
25 

34 

77 
IS 
15 
17 
It 
82 


70! 

S7,«91 

255 

i,3-l 

96 

3,206 

i,242 


100,000 

4.100 

17,00  > 

1m4 


121,194 

110.S20 
69,019 


179,339 

94,607 

19,545 

4,468 

'.'32 


118,762 
340 

20.0' 0 

2'.'8,4'J0 

62,000 
81.1,00 


143,010- 

Sfio.OOO 
4«|354 


396,354 


262.8-.n 
45.3  3 
414.832 
&24.ie2 
lSr2,S43 

81,181 
1,550 

2,'.i0i.i 
95.S11 
83,1*79 

8.V74 
11,000 

4,:*3 

K.7S5 
33,201 
40,tll>0 

S,2^2 
15,0110 

6,700 

6,-;oo 

1,6:00 
25,IH)0 

"1^57,433 
46,0t>0 

28,319 

3;,2 

13,680 

2,43^ 

e09 

l.sso 

lo,73-.' 

449 

6"3 

3.0:;6 

1,126 

4,066 


61,690 

2,984,261 

\X.:(jO 

842/0-J3 

3,867 

573,107 

183,S94 


Sunday-School  Statistics  of  all  Countries. 


569 


RELIGIOUS  DKNOM [NATIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES— Co»<mKCd, 


Denominations. 


JjETHoni^TS- Continued  ; 

VVosli'vnn  Methodist • 

Melh.  "dist  Eptscopftl,  South 

Congregational   Methodist 

Congie^:afional  Meth.  (Colored).... 
Kew  Congregational   Methodist... 

Zlon  Union  Apostolic 

Colored  Methodist  Episcopal 

Primitive 

Free  Methodist 

Independent  Methodist 

Evuugelist  Missionary 


Tot«J  Methodists  , 


lMOR*VIANS. 


Presbyterians  ; 

Korthern 

GninberUuLd 

Cumberland  (Colored) 

Welsh  Cah'inistic 

United ....,<. , 

Southern , 

Associate 

Associate  Refcrmed,  South 

Reformed  (Synod) 

Reformed  (General  f»ynod) , 

Reformed  (f'nvenanted) , 

Reformed  iu  the  U.  S.  &  Canada. 


Total  Presbyterians 12,705l    15,922     1.771.877 


S2 

cfi 

S 

^ 

(0 

y 

d 

g 

"^ 

J3 

(S 

o 

63  ^ 

609 

6,774 

16.156 

415 

425 

S 

5 

238 

417 

ZQ 

3.' 

2,673 

2,619 

83 

110 

1,032 

1,106 

8 

15 

92 

47 

41.483 

60.352 

180 

119 

7,fil7 

7.917 

1,314 

2,869 

68:i 

658 

17S 

17S 

979 

964 

1,577 

3,136 

12 

3! 

96 

136 

125 

108 

23 

i^^3 

1 

1 

1 

12,705 

15,922 

if 


18,587 

1,631,379 

94,000 

319 

4,022 

2,346 

£19,739 

6,888 

31,376 

:(,569 

6,014 


6,551.891 
16,923 


1,126.469 

185.212 

42.0011 

13.600 

125.126 

26--',88-2 

-     1.053 

12,620 

9,097 

3,498 

40 

380 


DSNOMINATIONS. 

1 

1 

00 

o 

1 

PSOTESTANT  KpI^COHAL: 

Protestant  Episcopal ..,..,.•«..,.. 
Reformed  Episcopal ..,,.,.,.,.,«. 

Total  Protestant  Episcopal 

Rbfoemkd  : 

Reformed  (DutcM 

Reformed  (German )..«..,........ 

Christian  Reformed. .••.•..•«••«•• 

6,176 
82 

7,493 
74 

837,073 
9,419 

5,258 

715 

1,214 

115 

2,»t44 

3,773 

6 

17 

•  •  •  • 

•  ••  • 

•  •  •  • 

1,943 
304 

7,*67 

658 

1,738 

167 

646,493 

119,355 

279,483 

23,52! 

Total  Reformed..., 

2,56:; 

983 

8 

20 

5 

748 

72 

2,811 
540 

422,359 
8S.500 

Salvation   AuMy,,,.,,,,,., 

SCHWENKFeLDIANS.....  ••■«.. 

731 

.Social  BKETHnsN,.., 

913 

SociETV  FOB  Ethical  Cultubb.... 
SplBmjALlSTS , ,. 

1,700 
295,0i-0 

Theosofhical    Socibtv.,,,,,.,,. . 

a,60T 

Unitkd  Brethren  s 
United  Brethren. .,..,,, 

267,921 

United  Brstbren  (Old  Con.stitution) 

Total  United  Brethren 

Unitarians ».... 

1^317 

2,247 

544 

720 

54 

4,351 

4C4 
977 

15.5 

266,238 
71,000 

Universat.ists..  ,..,, 

65,831 

lNDKPBNt>BNT    CONSUKOATIONS 

Grand  Total 

14,126 

]59,S(l3 

207,707 

32,2,S3,6a8 

The  aggregate  of  32,283,658  represents  nctnal  chnrcH  memberahip,  and  includes  all  Catholics,  but  not  all  persons  affiliated 
by  family  ties  to  Protestant  bodies.  The  larger  of  the  Protestant  bo^Ues  may  claim  twice  the  number  of  their  communicants  a» 
nominal  adherents. —-Ennon  op  The  Almanac. 

XoxB. —  (a)  The  American  Jewish  Year  Book  for  1903  estimates  th?.  number  of  t^e  .Tawish  race  in  the  United  States  In  1908 
as  1,777,135.  (b)  The  Lutheran  Church  Almanac  gives  tl;e  number  of  ministers  as  7,4>3,  chircliea  or  eongregations  13,106, 
communicant  members  1,7^5, 7!'9.  (c)  The  official  liireoiory  of  the  Cath-ilic  Church  in  America,  printed  In  Milwaukee,  makes 
the  following  statement;  Ministers  14,484,  churches  11,814,  population  12,651,944.-,*£bitub  op  Thb  Almanac. 


^untraw:=<^cfjool  <^tatt.^ttcis  of  ^11  (Countries. 

The  following  statistics  of  Sunday-schools  were  reported  at  the  Eleventh  International  Sunday-School  Convention,  held  at 
Toronto,  Canada,  June  23-27,  1905. 


Countbies. 


Sunday 

Schools. 


EuRorE! 
Great  Britain  and  Irel.and 

Austria-Hungary , 

Belgium , 

Bulgaria.. .,, 

Den  mark ,......., 

Finland 

France , 

Germany 

Greece 

Holland 

Italy 

Norway 

Portugal 

Russia 

Spain ,,,, 

Sweden ,   

Switzerland 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Aria: 
India,  including  Cej-lon 


53.590 

239 

83 

35 

990 

7,011 

1,475 

7,742 

4 

2,020 

261 

1,000 

18 

83 

90 

6,000 

1.762 

30 

8,719 


Teachers. 


874,183 

643 

403 

140 

4,'-.10 

12,923 

3,87G 

39,872 

7 

5,090 

S?3 

3,6l0| 

70 

785 

181 

20,300 

7,490 

no 

14,952 


Scholars. 


7,300,340 

10,572 

4,616 

1,576 

72,800 

165,140 

61,200 

826,.;41 

180 

206.000 

12,100 

75,0011 

1,419 

15,679 

5,419 

300,000 

122.567 

1,420 

833,776 


Countries. 

Sunday 
Schools. 

Teachers. 

Persia.     ,......•■...... 

107 
16 

105 
1,074 

516 
4,246 

140,619 
10,750 
353 
2,306 
231 
434 
350 

7,458 

1,474 

230 

210 

962,131 

440 
64 
1.053 
7,505 
4,250 
8,455 

1,451,855 

85,6.;2 
2,374 

10,769 

577 

1,266 

3,000 

64,670 

2,700 

1,413 

6U0 

Siam  ,..,,,..,,  «..,, 

China. ,^. ...',....:   

Japan , ., 

Turkey  in  Asia 

Africa    ., , 

North  America; 

United  States 

Canada 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador.. 
West  Indies 

Central  America, 

-V  Mexico 

South  America. 

Oceanica: 
Australasia.,... ,,,, 

Fiji  Islands., .,..,,, 

Hawaiian  Islands ..,,... 

Other  Islands,., .    

Thb  World 

9,426,888 

Scholars. 


4,876 

809 

5,264 

44,035 

2.-,m83 

161,394 

ll,329,2,=i3 

684, OSS 

2-.',766 

111,335 

5,741 

13,797 

150,000 

695,031 
42,909 
15,810 
10,000 


22,739,323 


570 


College  of  Cardinals. 


iioman  (^Tatljoltc  S^ieraccij^  of  t\)z  WiniUti  Sk,Uttn* 

APOSTOLIC    DELEGATION. 
Most  Kev.  Dinmede  Falcoalo,  Archbishop  of  Larissn,  Apostolic  Delegate,  Wafihington,  D,  C 
Very  Kev.  Bonaventiire  Cerretti.  Auditor,  Washington,  D.  C.      |   Secretary,  Rev.  Louis  R.  Stickney. 

ARCHBISHOPS. 


Baltimore,  Slarvland James  Gibbons,  Cardinal.Cons  1S68 

Boston,  Massachus«tts W.  H.  O'Connell. 1901 

Chi.-ago,  Illinois Tames  E.  Quigley 1899 

Cincinnati,  Ohio Henry  Moeller 1904 

Dubuque,  Iowa John  .J.  Keaue 1878 

Milwaukee,  Wisconsin Sebastian  G.  Messmer 189i 

Netv  Orleans,  Louisiana James  Blenk 1899 


New  York,  New  York John  M.  Farley Cons. 

Portland,  Oregon Alex.iiidpr  Christie 

Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  .Patrick  J.  Ryan 

St.  Louis,  Missouri John  Joseph  Glennon 

St.  Paul,  Minnesota .lohn  Ireland 

San  Francisco,  California.  ...Patrick  W.  Riordan 

Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico Peter  Bourgade 


BISHOPS. 


Albany,  New  York Thos.  M.  Burke Cons.  1894 

Alton,  Illinois James  Ryan 188S 

Alto<jna,  Pennsylvania Eugene  A.  Garvey 1901 

Baker  City,  Oregon Charles  O'  Reilly 1903 

Belmont,  North  Carolina Leo  Haid,  V.  A 188fi 

Belleville,  Illinois J.  Janssen 1888 

Boise,  Idaho A.  J.  Glorieux 1885 

Boston.  Massachusetts John  Brady  (Auxiliary) 1891 

Brookivn,  New  York C.  E.  McDonnell lS9i 

Brownsville,  Texas P.  Verdasner,  V.  A 18!i0 

Biiltalo.  New  York  Charles  H.  Colton 1903 

Burlington,  Vermont J.  S.  Mich.iud 189.'? 

Charleston,  South  Carolina.. .  H.  P.  Northrop 188'i 

Cheyenne,  Wyoming John  .T.  Keaiie ...   19^'- 

Chicago,  Illinois. A.  J.  McGavick  (Auxiliary).  1899 

Chicago,  Illinois Peter  J.  Muldoon  (Auxiliary)  1901 

Cleveland,  Ohio I.  V.   llorstmann Iswi 

Columbus,  Ohio J.  J.  Hartley 1904 

Concordia,  Kansas J.  K.  Cunningham 1898 

Covington,  Kentucky C.  I'.   Maes 1885 

Dalla.^,  Texas '. EdwarH  J.  Dunne 1893 

Davenport,  Iowa lames  Davis 1904 

Denver,  Color.ido N.  i".   Matz ]89t> 

Detroit,  Michigan John  S.  Foley 18<.S 

Dnluth,  Minnesot,a James  McGoldrick 1889 

Erie,  Penn.sylv.inia John  F.  Fitzinanrice 1897 

Fall  River,  Massachusetts.. D.tniel  F.  Feehan 1907 

Fargo,  North  Dakota lolin  Sliapli-y issfl 

Fort  Wayne,  Indiana Herman  Alerding     1900 

Galveston,  Texas N.  \.  Gallagher ISS'i 

Grand  Rapids,  Micliigan H.  J.  Ritchter 18S3 

Great  Falls,  Montana M.  Lenihan 1904 

Green  Bay,  Wisconsin Joseph  .1.  Fox 1904 

Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania. ..  .John  W.  Shauahan 1899 

Hartford,  Connecticut M.  Tierney 1894 

Helena,  Montana John  P.  Carroll 1904 

In^lianapolis,  Indiana F.  S.  Chatard 1878 

Indianapolis,  Indiana D.  O'Donaghue  (Auxiliary).  1900 

Kansas  Citv,  Missouri John  J.  Hogan 1868 

La  Crosse,  Wisconsin James  Schwebach 1893 

Lead  City,  South  Dakota..  .J.  N.  Stariha -. 1902 

Leavenworth,  Kansas Thom.is  Lillis 1904 

Lincoln,  Nebraska Thomas  Bon.acum 1887 

Little  Rock,  Arkansas John  B.  Morris 1906 


Los  A  ngeles,  California. . Thomas  Conaty Coas. 

Louisville,  Kentucky William  G.  McCloskey 

Manchester,  New  Hampshire. G.  A.  Guertin 

iNIarquette,  Michigan Frederick  Eis 

Mobile,  Alabama Edward  P.  Allen 

Nashville,  Tennessee Thomas  S.Byrne 

Natchez,  Miosissippi Thomas  Heslin 

Natchitoches,  Louisiana Cornelius  Van-de-Ven 

Newark,  New  Jersey Tohn  J.  O'Connor 

New  York Thomas  F.  Cusack  (Auxil'y  ) 

Ogilensburg,  New  York Henry  Gabriels 

Oklahoma,  Oklahoma Theodore  Meerschaert 

Omaha,  .\ebr.i.ska Richard  Scannell 

Peoria,   Illinois J.  L.  Spalding 

Peoria,  Illinois Peter  J.  O'Reilly  (Anxili.ary) 

Pliil;idel|>hi.i,  Pennsylvania.  .E.  F.  Prendergasl  (Auxiliary) 

Pittsbui^h,  Pennsylvania. . .  .Regis  Canevin 

Portland,   M.iine Louis  S.  Walsh 

Providence,  Rh.irle  Island M.  Harkins 

Richmond,  Virginia A.  \'an  de  Vyver 

Rochester,  New  Vork B.  J.  McQuaid 

"  "        Thos.  F.Hickey( Auxiliary). 

St.  .\ugustine,  Florida William  .1.  Kenny 

St.  Cloud,  Minne.sola James  Trobec 

St.  Joseph,  Missouri M.  F.  Burke 

Sacramento,   California Thomas  Grace 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah Lawrence  Scanlan 

San  Antonio,  Tex.as.. ,T.  A.  Forest 

Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico T.  B.  Pitaval  (Auxiliary). ... 

Savannah,  (^eorgia Benj.  .1.  Keiley 

Seattle,  Wa.-hinirton Edward  J.  O'Dea 

Soranton,  Penn.sylvania M.J.  Hol>an 

Sioux  City,  Iowa Philip  J.  Garrijran 

Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota Thom.is  0'(?orman 

Springfield,  Massachusetts Thomas  D.  Beaven 

Superior,  Wisconsin A.  F.  Schinner 

Syracuse,  New  York P.  A.  Lndden 

Trenton,  New  Jersey James  A.  McFaul 

Tucson,  Arizona Henry  Granjon 

Wheeling,  West  Virginia.. .  .P.  J.  Donahue 

Wichita,  Kansas J.  J.  Hennessy 

Wilmington,  Delaware John  J.  Monaghan 

Winona,  Minnesota Joseph  B.  Cotter 


1S95 
1898 
1872 
1896 

187S 
18^ 
1881 

1901 

ISiiS 
1907 
lh99 
1897 
1894 
]ss9 
1904 
1901 
1004 
1892 
1891 
1887 
1877 
1900 
1897 
1903 
1906 
1887 
1889 
1868 
1905 
1902 
1897 
1893 
1896 
1887 
1896 
1902 
1900 
1896 
1896 
1902 
1896 
1892 
1905 
1887 
1891 
1900 
1894 
1888 
1897 
1889 


Name.  '    OflBce  or  Diipiity.   Nation.    Age.     Cons. 

Agliardi,  Antonio Vice-Chancellor  .  .Italian 76 1896 

Cassetta,  Francesco Italian.,.. 67.  ...1899 

Oreglia,  D.S.  S Dean  Sac.  (3oll.... Italian 80 1873 


QtMt^t  of  ^artrinals. 

CARDINAL  BISHOPS. 


Name.  Office  or  Difnity.        Nation.   Age.    Cons, 

Satolli,  Francesco  ..Pref.  Cong.  Studies  ..Italian.... 69 1895 

Vannutelli,  S Sub-De.an  3.  Coll Italian 74 1 8s7 

Vannutelli,  V Pref.  Cong.  Council.. Italian.... 72 1889 


CARDINAL  PRIESTS. 


Aguirre,  G Ahp,  Burgos Spaniard. 

Bscilieri,  B Bp.  Verona Italian 

Boschi,  Giullo Abp.  Ferrara Italian.... 

Capecelatro,  A Abp.  Capua Itali.an 

Casahdel  Drago,J.  B.Besident  in  Curia.  ..Italian. , ,. 

Casanas,  y  Pages.  S.Bp.  Barcelona Spanish... 

Cavalcanti,  J Abp.  Rio  de  Janeiro.Brazilian.. 

Cavallari,  A Patriarch  Venice.... Italian.... 

Caviccliioni,  B Resident  in  Curia.. Italian 

Couliie,  Pierre Abp.  Lyons French..  .. 

Cretoiii.Serafino Pref.  Cong.  Rites.  .Italian 

Di  Pietro,  A ngelo.,. Pro-Pref.  Datary.  .Italian 

Ferrari,  Andrea Abp.  Milan Italian  ... . 

Ferrate,  D Pref.  Cong. Bishops. Italian  . . . 

Fischer,  Anthony..  .Abp.  Colo^'ne (Jerraan  ... 

Franclca-Nava,  G..  ,Abp.  Catania Italian 

Gennarl,  C Resident  in  Cluria... Italian  ... 

Gibbons,  James Abp.  Baltimore American'. 

Gotti,  Gerolamo Pref.  Propaganda  ..Italian  ..'. 

Gruska,   A.J Abp.  Vienna Austrian. 

Herrera,  Martin  de.Abp.  Comnosfella Spanish. . 

Katsch thaler,  J Abp.  Salzburg Austrian. 

Kopp,  George Alip.   Rreslau German.. 

ljec«i(,  Victor  L AUp.  Bordeaux, French. . . . 


.73. 
.66. 
.70. 
.84. 
.70 
.74. 
.68. 
.59. 
.72. 
.79. 
.75. 
.80. 
.58. 
61. 
.68. 
.62. 
,69. 
.74. 
;74. 
.88. 
.73. 
.76. 
.71. 
.77. 


.1907 
.1901 
.1901 
.1885 
.1S99 
.1895 
.I'.iOo 
.1907 
.1903 
.1897 
.1^96 
.1893 
.1894 
.1896 
.1903 
.1899 
.1901 
.  18S'6 
.1895 
.1891 
.1897 
.1903 
.1^93 
.1893 


.67 
.43. 

.78, 
.69 


Logue,  Michael Ahp.  Armagh Irish 68 

Lorenzelli,  B Abp.  Lucca Italian 55 

Lnaldi,  A Abp.  Palermo Italian 50. 

Maffi,  P Abp.  Pisa Italian 50 

Martin  el  li,  8 Resilient  in  Curia...  Italian 60 

Mathieu,  Francis. . .  .Resident. in  Curia. .  .French  .  . .  .69 

Mercier,  D Abp.  Mechlin Belgian . 

Merry  de  Val,  R Secretary  of  State.. Spanish. 

Moran,  Patrick Abp.  Sydney Irish..  .. 

Neto,  G.  Seb Patriarch  Lisbon..  .Port..., 

Nocella,  Carlo Resident  in  Cnria. ..Italian 82 

Portanova,  (iennaro  .  Abp. RegijioCalabria. Italian 63 

Prisco.Giuseppe  ....Abp.  Naples Italian  ...  .72. 

Puzyna,  K Bp.  Cracow Austrian  ..66 

Rampolla,  M Apr.  Vat.  Basil Sicilian  ..  ..65 

Uespighi,  Pietro  . ..  .Pope's  Vicar-Gen..  .Italian 65, 

Richard,  Fra ncls Abp.  Paris French 89 

Richelmy,  Agostino  .Abp.  Turin Italian 58 

Rinaldini,  A Nnncio  Madrid Italian 64 

Samassa,  J Abp.  Agria  (Eger)..IInng«rian..80 

Sanchn,  C Abp.  Tfdedo... Spanish   . .  .65 


.Saniniuiatelli,  A Resident  in  Curia. .Italian 68 

Skrbensky,  I.eo Abp.  Prague Bohemian.. 45, 

Vaazary,  Claude Abp.  Strigonig Uun){arian76 


...1893 
...1907 
...1907 
.. .19-17 
...1901 
...1899 
...1907 
...1903 
...1^85 
...1884 
...190! 
...1899 
...1896 
...1901 
...ISJ^T 
...1899 
...l^--9 
...1>99 
...191.7 
...1906 
...1894 
. . . 1899 
...1901 
,..1893 


JBishojjs  of  Protestant   Churches  in  the   United  States.       571 

COLLECrK  OF  CARin'S ALS—Continiied. 


CARDIN'AL   DEACONS. 


Catr'ano  de  Azevedo. Papal  Jlajoj-Domo 65   ...1905 

Delia  Vol p6,  K I're*.  Prop.  FlnauM,  llalian 64.  ...1899 


.<5egDa,  F 

Vi.csy  Tuto.G.  C. 


,.Pf.  VaJicaii  Archives.Italian 7-3  ..   1S9-4 

•  luqnisilur {jpanish. . .  .64. .   .1399 


i^isljops  of  }3i*otcstaut  <a:ijurcijcs  in  tijr  ^anitctr  .states. 


BISHOPS  OF  THE  PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  CllCliCII  IN  THE  UNITEU  STATES. 

Difx-ese. 
New  Yurk — Central ; 
"  WeKleril 

"  Albany: 


Diocese.                                                                 Cons. 
Alabailw— Charles  Min:ie?ero<le  Beckwith,  Selma. 1902 


Alaska — Peter  Trimble  Kowe  (iiiis.sioiiary),  Sitka 1895 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico— J.  M.  KeniiricU  (mis-s.),  Phcenix.   1889 

Arkansas— William  M.  Brown,  Little  liock 1897 

California — William  For.l  Nichols,  San  Francisco 1890 

"  Sacramento:  W.  H.  Morflanii(uiissionary).    .    .   18  i9 

"  Los  Angeles:  Joseph  H.  .lohnson,  Pasadena... .   1^96 

Colorado — Charles  Sauf  ord  Olmsted,  Denver 1902 

"  Western— Edward  J.  Knijjht (elect) 

Conneoticiit — Chaunce y  B.  Brewster,  Hartford 1897 

Dakota,  N. — Cameron"  M  ann  (missionary),  Fargo 1901 

•'         S.— Wni.  Hobart  Haro  (missionary),  Sioux  Falls.    .   1873 

"  Frederick  F.  Johnson,  assistant 1905 

Delaware — Leighton  Coleman,  Wilminirton 1883 

District  of  Columbia— W-ashinsTton:   H.  Y.  S.atterlee 1896 

Florida — Edwin  Gardner  Weed,  J.acksonville 1886 

"         Southern:  Wiliiam  Crane  Gray  (iniss.),  Orlando..  1892 

Georgia— C.  Kinloch  Nelson,  Atlanta  18«2 

Idaho — James  B.  Fnnsten  (missionary) 1899 

lUiuois — Chicago:  Charles  Palmerstoix  Anderson   19O0 

"         Quincy:    M.  Edward  Fawcett 190^ 

"         Sprhigtichi:   Edvard  AV.  Osborne 1904 

Indiana — Indianapolis  :  Joseph  M.  Francis 1899 

"         Michigan  City:  John  H.  Wliite 1895 

Iowa— Theodore  N.  SIcHrison,  Davenport 18P9 

Kansas — Frank  K.  Millspaugh,  Topeka 1895 

"       Sulina  :  Sneldon  Munson  Griswold 1903 

Kentucky — Charles  Edward  Woodcock,  Louisville 1905 

"      "      Lexin;rton  :  Lewis  W.  Burton   Is96 

Louisiana — Davis  Sessums,  New  Orleans 1891 

Maine— Robert  Codman,  Portland 1 900 

Maryland — William  Paret,  Baltimore 1885 

"  Eastou:  William  Forbes  Adams .  1875 

Massachusetts — William  Lawrence,  Cambri<lge 1893 

"  Western:   Alex.  H.  Vinton,  Springfield...   1902 

Michigan— Charles  David  Williams,  Detroit 19ii6 

'•  Marquette:  Gershoin  M.  Williams 1896 

"  Western:  Georjje  D.  (iillespie.  Grand  Rapids   ..   1875 

'*  John  N.  McCormick,  Coadjutor,  Grand  Rapids.  liiOS 

Minnesota — Samuel  C.  Edsall,  Minneapolis 1899 

"  Duluth:  James  D.  Morri.son 1897 

jrississippi — Theodore  D.  Bratton,  .Jack.son 1903 

Missouri — Daniel  Svlvester  Tuttle,  St.  Louis 1867 

•'  Kansas  City  :  Edward  Robert  Atwill 1890 

Montana — Leigli  R.  Brewer,  Helena . .  18S0 

Nebraska — George  Worthinston,  Omaha 18^5 

"         A.  L.  Williams,  C<ja.liutor,  Omaha 1899 

"        Anson  R.Graves  (miss.)  Kearney,  Neb 1890 

Nevada — Henry  D.  Robinson  (elect) 

New  Hampshire — William  Woodrut?  Niles,  Conconl 1870 

"  Edward  M.  Parker,  Coadjutor,  Concord.  1906 

New  Jersey — John  Scarborough,  Trenton 1875 

"  Newark:  Edwin  S.  Lines l!t03 

New  York— yenrv  Codman  Potter,  New  York  City 1883 

"        David  H.  Greer,  Coadjutor,  New  York  City.. . .    1904 


Om.f. 

Charles  Tyler  Olmsted,  Utica   190? 

;  William  I).  Walker,  Buffalo 1883 

AVilliam  Croswell  Doane ]m9 

"  "'      Richard  H.Nelson,  Coadjutor l&Ot 

"  Long  Island  :  Fredi-rick  Burgess,  (iarden  City .   1902 

North  Carolina— Joseph  Blounl   Clu-shire,  Kaleigli 1893 

"  E.Carolina:  Robert  .Strange, Wilmington..  19i'4 

"  Aslieville:  J.  M.  Horner  (missionary) 1S98 

Ohio — William  Andrew  Le(niard,  Cleveland ...   1889 

"      Souther).  :  Boyd  Vincent,  Cincinnati. 1889 

OkKahoma  and  ludiau  Ter. — F.  K.  Brooke  (miss.),  Guthrie.   1893 

Oregon— Charles  Scalding,  Portland I906 

•**         Eastern— Robert  L.  Paddock  (elect) 

Penn.sylvania — Ozi  Williiim  Whit;tker,  Philadelphia 1SB9 

"  A.  Mackay-Smith,  Coadjutor,  Philadelphia  1902 

"  PitUburgh:    Cortlandt  Whitehead 1S.'?2 

"  Central:  Ethelbtrt  Talbot,  South  Bethlehem.  1«67 

"  Harrisbnrg  :  James  H.  Darlington 1905 

Rhode  Island — W.  N.  llcVickar,  l'rovi<lence 1897 

South  Carolina— Ellison  Capers,  Columbia   1893 

"  W.  A.  Guerry,  Coailjutor,  Columbia 1907 

Tennessee — Thomas  F.  Gailor,  Memphis 189.? 

Texas — fJeorge  Herbert  Kiusolvmg,  Austin 1892 

Dallas:   Alex.  C.  Garrett 1874 

"         West:   James  S.  Johnston.  Sun  Antonio 1888 

Utah — Franklin  S.  Spalding  (missionary) 1904 

Vermont— Arthur  C.  A.  Hall,  Burlington 1894 

Virginia — Robert  A.tiibson.Ri  ihmoiid 1897 

"        Southern:   Alfred  M.  Randolph,  Norfolk 1883 

"  "        B.  D.  Tuci;er.  Coadjutor,  Lynchburg.  li'OS 

West  Virginia — George  William  IVterkin,  ParUersburg 1878 

*'  W.  L.  Giavalt,  Coadjutor,  Charlestowu 1899 

Wisconsin — Milwaukee:  William  Walter  Webb 19'i6 

"  Fond  dn  L.IC  :  Charles  C.  Grafton    ...l?-89 

"  "         ••      Reg  nald  H.Weller,  C.adjutor 1900 

Washington — Olympia:   l'red.\V.  Kealor,  Tacoma  (miss.)..   1902 

"  Sjiokane:   Lemuel  H.Wells  (missionary) 1892 

Wyoming — Frederick  F.Reese  (elect) 

Africa — Cape  Palmas:  S.D.  Fei;;nson  (miss.). Monrovia.  Lib.  1885 

Brazil — Lucien  L.  L.  Kinsolving    (missionary) 1899 

China — Sliangh.ai ;  Frederirk  R.  Graves  (missionary) 1893 

"        Hankow.  Logan  H.  Roots  (missionary) 1904 

Cuba*  Albion  W.   Knight  (missionary) 1904 

Japan — Tokio:  John  McKim  (missionary)  1893 

"        Kyoto:  S.  C.  Partridge  (missiorinry)  1900 

Hawaiian  Islands — Honolulu.   Henry  B.  Restarick  (miss.)  1902 

Mexi.o  :  Henry  D.  Aves  (missionary).. 1H04 

Philippine  Islands — Charles  H.  Brent,  Manila  (miss.).. . .   1901 

Porto  Rico— James  H.  Van  Buren  (missionary).. .   .      ....   1902 

Channing  Mi>ore  Williams,  late  Bishop  of  Chiua  and  Japan. 

Retired,  Kyoto,  Japan 1866 

Thoin.as   Ausrustus  Jaggar,  late  Bishop  of  Southern  Ohio. 

Retired,  Boston,  Mass 1875 

Charles   C.    Pcnick,    late  Bishop  of  Cape   Palmas,  Africa. 
Retired,  Phoenix,  Arizona 1877 


BISHOPS  OF  THE  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 

Hesiilence.  Elected 


Thomas  Bowman East  Orange,  N.  J 1872 

Edward  G.Andrews.   Brooklyn,  N.  Y 1872 

Henry  W.  Warreu Denver.  Col   1880 

Cvrus  D.  Foss  Philadelnhia,  Pa 1880 

J.'din  M.  Walden Cincinnati,  Ohio 1884 

Wiilaid  F.  Mallalieu \uburndale,  M.ass ...     18»4 

Charles  H.  Fowler.   N^w  York  City 1884 

Jolm  11.  Vincent  Indianapolis,  lad 1888 

l>:4Uiel  A.Goidsell Bo^loii,  .Mass 1888 

Janus  M.  Thoburn Miss.TJis.S. Asia(N. Y.CIty)  18sS 

Earl  Cianston Washington,  1).  C 1896 

Jiise|.ii  C.  Hurl/.ell Miss.  Bis.. Africa  (.Madeira)  1896 

D.ivid   H.  Moore Port  an  I,  f»re 1900 

John  W.  Hamlltou S.m  Francis .o 1900 


Residence.  Elected. 

Frank  W.Warne Miss.Bis.  S.Asia  (Calcutta )  1900 

.Joseph  F.  Berry Buffalo,  N.  Y 1904 

Henry  Spell mever Cincinnati.  0 1904 

William  F.  McDowell Chicago,   111 1904 

.lames  W.  Bash  ford Shanghai,  China 1904 

William  Burt Zurich,  Switzerland 1904 

Luther  B.  Wilson Chatt.auouga,  Tenn 1904 

Thomas  B.  N--eIy Buenos  Ayres,  S.  A 1904 

Isa'ah  I!.  Scott Miss.  Bis.  Afr.  (Monrovia)  1904 

Will, am  F.  t»ldham Missionary    Bishop,  South 

Asia  (Singapore  ) 1904 

John  E.  Robinson Missionary   Bishop,  South 

Asia  (Calcutta) 1904 

Merriman  C.  Harrig Mls.Bi8.JapauKoreR(Tok)  19(M 


BISHOPS  OF  THE  METHODI.ST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH,  SOUTH. 


Alpheus  W.  Wilson. 

W.W.   Human 

C.  B.  G:il|..wav 

E.  It.  H.^ndrii 

J.  S.   Key. 


.Biitimore,  M.l 1882 

.Sjiartfiubiirif.S.  C li>86 

.Jacks'm,    M,ss 1886 

.Kansas  City.  Mo issb 

.Sh.-rman,  T^x 1S86 


O.  P.  Fitzgrralil Naihvillt,  Tenn Ib90 

(Coiiliimed  on  next  page.) 


W.A.Candler Allanfa.   Oa 1898 

H.  C.  Morrison    New  Orlt-ans,  La 1898 

E.  E.  HoK Montea:ile,.!Vnn.    1902 

Seih  Ward N.ishvSlli',  Teun 1916 

James  Atkins \Vayn?6vim,  N.  C........   1906 


572  Reformed  Church  i7i  America. 

BISHOPS  OP  PROTESTANT    CHURCHES  IN  THE  UNITED  ?>T A.IE^— Continued. 

•^•'  ■  ■■    ■  - •■  ■     ' ■■.     — -I  M  .    .  .■■      ■       -  —  -  ■■«         — *  ■  I.--.  .     —I  I.       .  —■  —  ■  ■,  ■         ■•mm-         ■■■...—■-         —   ■- _■-,»,  I—      ,....—        »  —  ■—.■  .    m  -'^ 

BISHOPS  OF    THE  AFUICAN    METHODIST  EPISCOPAL    CHUUCH. 

Moses  B.  Salter,  Charleston,  S.  C 1892 

Wm.B.  iJerricI;,  Flushiu^r,  N.  V.. 1896 

Evans  Tyree,  Nashville,  Teun I'.iOO 

C.  T.  Shaffer,  Chicago,  111 1900 

C.S.Smith,  Cape  Town,  S.  A 1900 

L.  J.  Coppin,  Philadelphia,  Pa 1900 


H,M.  Turner,  Atlanta,  Ga 1S80 

Weslev  J.  Gaines,  AtUtita,  Ga 1888 

.  B.  T.  Tanocr,  Philadelphia,  Pa 1888 

Abraham  (J rant,  Indianapolis,  Ind 18^8 

B.  1'".  Lee,  Wilberforce,  Uhio 189'.' 

Jainett  A.  Handy,  Baltiuiore,  Md 18a2 


BISHOPS  OF  THE  KEFOUMED  EPISCOPAL  CHUUCH. 


Edward  Wilson  Metucheu,  N.  J. 

William  T.  Sabine New  York  City. 

Hermans.  Hoffman Philadelphia,  Pa. 


diaries  Edward  Cheney Chicago,  111. 

Edward  Cridge Victoria,  B.  C. 

Samuel  Fallows Chicago,  111. 

P.  F.  Stevens ._ Orangeburg,  S.  C. 

A.  Kozlowsti,  Chicago,  is  Bishop  of  the  Old  Catholic  Church,  and  S.  Kanilnski,  BuflEalo,  of  the  Polish  Catholic  Church. 

Bishops  Sergius,  of  North  America,  and   Innocent,   of  ^Vlaska,  represent  the  Greek  Orthodox  Church,  and  Archimandrite 
Raphael,  New  York,  the  Syrian  Greek  Orthodox  Church. 

The  next   triennial  general  convention  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  will  be  held  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio   in  1910. 
The  next  quadreunial  general  c.niference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal    Church   will  be  held  May  6,  1908,  the  place  to  be  deter- 
mined by  the  book  comniitlee. 

The  next  general  conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South,  will   be  held  May  5, 1910,  at  a  place  not  yet  determined. 
The  nineteenth  jjeneral  council  of  the  lieformed  Episcopal  Church  will  be  held  at  Toronto,  Canada,  May  19,  1909. 


^mcriCtin  Unitarian  ifssociation. 

This  Association  was  organized  in  Boston,   Mass.,  May  25,  1825,  and  incorporated  in  1847.    Its 
objects,  a.s  defined  in  tlic  report  of  the  Committee  on  Ur<,'-auization,  are  as  lollows: 

1.  To  collect  and  diffbse'infonnation  respectini^  the  slate  of  Uuiiariuu  Christianity  in  our  country. 

2.  To  produce  uniou    sympathy,  and  co-operation  anions:  liberal  Christians. 

3.  To  publish  and  discribute  books  and  tracts.  Inculcating  correct  views  of  religion,  insuch  form  and 
at  such  price  a?  shall  afford  all  an  opportunity  of  being  actiuaizited  with  Christian  truth. 

4.  To  supply  missionaries,  especially  insuch  parts  of  our  country  as  are  destitute  of  a  stated  rainistrj'. 

5.  To  adopt  whatever  otltermeasni^s  innyhereaiter  seem  expedient— such  as  contributions  in  behalf 
of  clergymen  with  insufficient  salaries,  or  in  aid  of  building  churches. 


Pre9?df/i»'— Rev.Sam'l  A.  Eliot, D.T)., Boston, Mass. 
Vice-Presidents— \yi\\\ACQ   Hackett,    Portsmouth, 

N.  ir. ;  Ebeu  S.  JJraper,  Hopedale.  Mass.  ;  Thos. 

M.  Osborne,  Anl)urn,  N.  Y  ;  Bernard  K.  Greene, 

Washington,  JJ.C. :  Frederic  A.  Delano, Chicago; 

Horace  Davis,  L.L.  D. ,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


SecretM-y—R^y.  Lewis  G.  Wilson,  Boston,  Mass. 
Assislaiit  Secretary— iieov^QW .  P^ox,  Boston,  Mas§, 
2^rrtsi(7-e?-— Francis  H.  Lincoln,  Boston,  Mass. 

The  annual  meeting  is  held  in  Boston  on  Tues- 
day and  Wednesday  of  the  third  week  in  May. 


Wi\\i\^tvn^\int  General  (aronbcntion. 

TnKUuiversalist  General  Convention  has  jurisdiction  over  the  ecclesiastical  organizations  of  the 
Universallst  Church  in  tiie  United  .-States  and  Canadian  provinces.  It  meets  biennially,  the  next  meet- 
ing being  ordered  for  October,  1909.  The  Convention  is  composed  of  the  presidents,  vice-presidents, 
and  secretaries  of  the  «tate  conventions,  and  of  clerical  and  lay  delegates  from  the  State  conven- 
tions. All  laws  relating  to  fellowship,  ordination,  and  discipline  originate  in  the  General  Convention, 
and  it  is  the  final  court  of  appeal  in^all  ca-ses  of  dispute  or  ditliculty  between  State  conventions.  It 
has  funds  to  the  amount  of  over  $3oO,000,  the  income  of  which,  with  the  contributions  of  its  con.stit- 
uency,*  is  used  for  missionary  and  educational  objects.  The  officers  of  the  Convention  are;  Prrsiilcnt^ 
C.  L.  Hutchinson,  Chicago;  Vice-President,  George  B.  Wells,  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  Secretaiy,  Rev  I.  M. 
At\vood,D.D.,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  ;  Treasurer,  Eugene  J".  Endicott,   Boston,  Mass. 

The  Young  People's  Christian  Union  of  the  Universalist  Church  was  organized  October  22,  1889, 
"to  foster  the  religious  life  among  the  young  people,  to  stimulate  to  all  worthy  endeavor,  to  train 
the  S'oung  in  the  worlc  of  the  Universalist  Church,  in  the  promulgation  of  its  truth,  and  the  increase  of 
its  power  and  influence."  It  has  about  9,000  members,  and  Its  general  officers  and  e.xecutive 
board  are:  Preside,U,  JIarry  Kussel  Chllds.  New  York  i'ityi Secretary,  A.  Ingham  Bicknell,  30  West 
Street,  Boston,  Mass. ;  Treasurer,  Prof.  Arthur  W.  l^eirce,  Franklin,  Mass  ;  Kev.  Frederic  Williams 
Perkins,  Lynn,  Mass.;  Miss  Qeor-'ia  Burnham,  2729  Calumet  Avenue,  Chicago,  ill.;  Miss  Mary 
Fosdick  Jeunings,Detroit,  Jdich. ;  Frank  M.  Bradley,  Portland,  Me. 

^Ije  Hatfonal  Council  of  (^onQvtQatmxal  (!ti)uvti)tn 

Is  comuased  of  delegates  from  Congregational  conferences  and  associations,  and  was  organized 
Nov«»mf)er  17,  1871.  It  meets  once  in  three  vears.  and  the  next  triennial  meeting  will  be  held  in 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  October,  1910.  The  officers  are:  Moderator,  T.  C.  MacMillan,  Chicago,  111.; 
Seci-elartj,  Rev.  Asher  Andei-son.  D.  D. ,  614  Congregational  House,  Boston  *  Mass. ;  Treasure)' and 
JSegistrar^  Kev.  Joel  S.  Ives,  Hartford,  Ct. 


iieformttr  <2!:ijtirc1j  in  ^mertca.* 

Officers  of  the  General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America;  President,  Rev.  Ame 
Vennenia,  D.  D. ;  Vice-President,  William  Stockton  Citramer,  D.  D.;  Stated  Clerk,  Rev.  William  H. 
De  Hart,  D.  D.  ;  Permanent  Clerk,  Rev.  Henrv  Lock  wood. 

The  Treasurers  are:  Synod's  Board  of  Direction,  F.  R.  Van  Nest;  Foreig-n  Missions,  Rev.  J.  L. 
Amerman,  D.  I). ;  Dome.stlc  Missions,  William  T  Demarest;  Education,  Peter  Quackenbush;  Pub- 
lication, AbraliamC.  Iloldrum.  The  Corre.sponu.ng  Secretaries  of  the  Boards  are:  Foreign  Missions, 
Rev.  Henry  X.  Cobb,  D.  D.  ;  Domestic  Missions,  Rev.  William  H.  Vroom,  D.  D.  :  Education,  Rev. 
John  G.  Ciebhard,  D.  D.  ;  Publication,  Rev.  Isaac  W.  Gowen,  D.  D.  ;  Business  Manager  Board  ol 
Pnblica/Jon,  Louis  E.  Turk.  Deuomiuatioual  headquarters,  25  East  Twenty-second  Street,  Nevi 
York  City. 

*  J£cdwn  formerly  as  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church. 


Alliance  of  the  Hefon/ied  Churches.  573 

OFFICERS  OF  THIS  LAST  GENERAL  ASSEMBr.Y  OP  TirE  PR Fri? YTSRI AN  CHURCH  IH 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  A:\rERICA. 

Moderator— Ber.   William  Heury  Roberts,  D.D. ,  I  Sta'cd  Ctrr/c-Uev.  W.  II.  Rohprts,  D.  D.,  UL.1K, 
LL.  D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  i     laiO  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TRUSTF.KS. 

Pr«icfeni;— John  H.  Converse, LL.D.,Phna(lelpiiia.  I  Tra isurcr  -  Ctxatlf^  H.  Adatnson,  Philadelphia 

AOKNCIKS  (JK  THIS  CHKKOH. 

The  following  may  he  addressed  at  156  Filth  Avenue,  New  York  City,  vl;;.  j  The  Board  of  Horns 
Missions,  the  Board  of  Foreicfn  Missions,  the  Roard  of  Oiiurnh  Erection,  and  tlieCf>iioge  Board, 

The  following  arf  located  at  1319  Walnut  Street,  Philadoit-iiia,  Pa.,  viz.:  The  Tru.stees  of  th© 
General  Assembly,  the  BoarrI  oT  Education,  the  Brj,ra  of  Publication  and  Sabbath-school  Worls,  and 
the  Board  of  Minisleri.U  Relief. 

The  Board  of  Missions  for  Freedmeu  Is  located  at  Bossenaer  Building,  Sixth  btroet,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 

The  Church  magazine.  The  Assemb! >/  Trerald,  has  Its  office  at  1328  Chestnut  Street;  Philadelphia,  Fa> 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  LAST  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY  OF  THE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH  IN 

THE  UNITED  STATES. « 

Moderator —  V.^v.     James   R,    Howerton,    H.i).,  \  Stated    Qrrk—'Rev.    W.    A.    Alexander,     D.   D, , 
Montreat,  N.  C.  I     501  College  St.,  Clarksville,  Tcnru 

Pj'esicJCTii— Dr.  E.  Nye  Hutchison,  Charlotte,  N.  C.  I 'Secr<?^fflrV  i^'"*    TreaMi%'erSohn   R.    Pharr,  Kaq. , 

I     Charlotte,  N,  C. 

STCCRKT  ARIES. 


Foreign  7Ifi.r<!foy>^-Rev.  S,  H,  Chester, D.  D. ,  Nash- 
ville, Tent). 
jFfojne  .Wo.S(0)i.^-Bev.S.L. Morris, D.D.,  A tlanta,na. 
Piibliration—'R.  E.  Ma'-TlU,  Esq.,  Richmond,  Va. 


jriniftlrrfnf.  Education  and     f?rrjcf—Pov.     H.     IJ. 

Sweats.  23',J  Fourth  Avenue,  Louisville,  Ky 
Co/oral  Eranpeli'-rafion-'RcY,  James  G.  Snedecor, 

IjIj.  D.,  Tuscaloosa,  A.la. 


*  Commonly  known  as  the  Southeru  Presbyterian  Church. 


^llimut  of  tfjc  iicfocmclJ  ^Ijurdjcs 

THROUGHOUT  THE  WORLD  HOLDING  THE  PRESBYTERIAN  SYSTEM. 

This  orurauiaatinn  represents  nine  Reformed  and  Presbyterian  Churches  in  the  United  States,  with  a 
constituency  of  6,500,000;  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Canada,  with  a  constituency  of  600,000,  and 
more  than  80  diderent  denominations  on  the  five  continents  other  than  North  America,  with  <»,  con- 
stituency of  at  ieast  25,000,000  persons.  The  American  Secretary  is  tiie  Rev.  W.  H.  Roberts,  D.  D. , 
LL.  D. ,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  The  followiner  are  the  orgauizotions  iu  the  United  States,  Canada,  and 
Mexico  which  are  members  of  the  Alliance: 

PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH    IX     THE    UMITRD     STATES    OF     AKT5RTCA,    COilMONLY    KNOWX     AS    THE 

PRE8BVTKRIAX    CHURCH,    NORTH. 

Stated  Clerk— nev.  Yf.  H.  Roberts,  D.  D.,  Lf^.  D. ,  1819  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Nexcraeetingof  General  Assembly,  itansas City,  Mo. .May  21,1908.  (Communicants,  1,341,492.) 

PRESBYTERIAJT    CHURCH    liT    THE    ITNITED    STATES,   COMMONLY    KNOWN    A3   THE    PRESBYTERIAN 

CHURCH,    SOUTH. 

Stated  Clerk— 'Rev.W.  A.  Alexander,  D.D.,  501  College  Street,  Glarksville,  Tenn. 

Next  meeting  of  General  Assembly,  Greensboro,  N.  C,  May  21,  1908.     (Communicants,  262,390.) 

UNITED   PRESBVTKBIAN  CHURCH  OP   NORTH  AMERICA, 

Stated  Oerk—Tlev.  T>.  F.  McGill,  D.D.,  1508  Cbartiers  Street,  Alleghenv,  Pa. 

Next  meeting  of  General  Assembly,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  May  27,  1908.    (Communicants,  149,764.) 

_^  REFORMED  (DUTCH)  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA. 

Stated  Clerk-Tiev.  W.  H.  De  Hart.  Raritan,  M.  J. 

Next  meeting  of  General  Synod,  Place  to  hs  fixed.     (Commnnicants.  121,210.) 

RRFt)RMKD   (OERMAX)   CHURCH  IN   THE  UNITED  STATE.S. 

Stated  Clej'k—Uey.  .John  T?h.  Stein,  I).  D.,  Readinv?.  Pa. 

Next  meeting  of  the  General  Synod,   Akron,  Oh^io,  May  17, 1908.    (Coramuuicant^,  264,931.) 

REFORMED  PRESBYTERI.A.N  CHURCH.  GENERAL  SYNOD, 

Stated  Clerk— J{.ev.  John  11.  Kendall,  D.  D.,  Tarentum,  Pa. 

Next  meeting  of  the  General  Synod,  Cedarville,  Oliio,  Uny  27, 1908.     (Communicants,  3,500.) 

ASSOCIATE   REFORMED  SYNOD  OF  THE  SOUTH. 

StaiedCterk— Rev.  James  Boy ce.  Due  West,  S.  C. 

Next  meeting  of  tUe  Sj-nod,  November,  1908.     (Communicants,  13,214.) 

BYNOD  OP  THE  REFORMED    PRESBYTERIAN  CHtTRfU   OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Stated  Clerk— Rev.  J.  W.  Sproull,  D.H. ,  122  Ejust  North  Aveinie,  Allephenv,  Pa. 

Next  meeting  of  the  Synod,  Phil.idelphia,  Pa.,  May  27,   1908.     (Communicants,  9,780.) 

WELSH  PRESBYTEUrAN  CHURCH. 

Stated  Clerk— Rev.  William  E.  Evans,  Mankato,  Minn, 

iSi€>xt  meetingof  General  Assemblyi,  Cotter,  la.,  September  18,  1910.  (Communioants,  13,500.) 

THE  PRESBYTICRIAN*  CHURCH    IN'  CANADA. 

Stated  Cierk—Rey.  John  Somervilie,  I>.  ]).,  Toronto,  Canada. 

Next  meeting  of  General  Assembly,  Winnipeg,  J  uno  3,  1908.     (Communicants,  253,392. ) 

PRESBYTERIAN"   CHURCFT  OF   MRXICO,   GENERAL  SYNOD. 

Slated  Clerk— Rev.  William  Wallace,  SaUillo.  Mf-xico. 

Next  meeting  of  the  Synod,  July,  iOOS.     (Communicants.  8,000.) 


574  The    Yonnrj  Peoples    ChrUtlan    Union. 


National   O^i&loman's   C!t:ijrCsttan   ^Tcmprcaucc  2Uition. 

Thk  foUowiufr  statemeut  of  the  purposes  of  the  society  was  prepared  for  The  Wobld  Almanac  by 
au  officer  of  the  Union: 

The  National  W.  C.T.  U.  wasoisani/'.ivl  in  Clovelanrl.  f)!iio.  inl874,and  is  the  sober  secoud  thought 
of  the  great  woman's  enisade.     It  is  now  rctrulaily  uiifaniz^'ii  in  every  State  of  the  Union. 

There  are  about  10. 0(M)  local  unions,  with  a  monihersMip  and  following,  including  the  children's 
societies. of  about  half  a  uiillion.  The  W.  V.  T.  U.  has  forty  distinct  departments  of  work,  presided 
over  by  as  many  women  experts.iu  the  National  Society,  and  in  nearly  every  State.  All  the  States  in 
the  Re"public  have  laws  requiring  the  study  of  scientilic  temperance  in  the  public  schools,  and  all 
these  laws  were  secured  by  the  \V.  C.  T.  U.  ;  also  the  laws  forbidding  the  sale  of  tobacco  to  minors. 
The  first  police  matrons  and  most  industrial  homes  for  girls  were  secured  through  the  efforts  of  this 
society,  as  were  the  refuges  for  erring  women.  Laws  raising  the  age  of  consent  and  providing  for 
better  protection  for  women  and  girls  have  been  enacted  by  mauy  Legislatures  through  the  iu- 
Huence  of  the  Union. 

The  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  was  founded  through  the  influence  of  Frances  R  Willard  in  1883,  and 
already  has  auxiliaries  in  more  than  fifty  cocuitries  and  provinces.  The  white  ribbon  is  the  badge 
ot  all  the  \V.  (".  T.  U.  members,  and  is  now  a  familiar  emblem  in  ever.v  civilized  country. 

The  headquarters  of  the  National  organization  is  The  Willard.  Rest  Cottage,  Evanston,  111.  The 
following  are  the  othcers:  J^resid^nf,  Mrs.  Lillian  M.  N.  Stevens,  Portland,  Me.;  Vice-Pn-rsident-cit- 
jAiraf,  :Miss  Anna  A.  Gordon.  Evanston,  111.  ;  Corresjxn-idimi  SecretarHy  Mrs.  Susanna  M.  D.  Fr.y, 
Evanston,  111  ;  Rccnrdinp  S^o-rfary,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Preston  Anderson,  Valle.v  City,  N.  D. ;  Axsist- 
a>U  Rernrdino  Secretary,  Mrs.  Sara  H.  Hoge,  Lincoln,  Va. ;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Harriett  W.  Brand, 
Evanston,  III. 

(K^ljurclj   temperance  ^ociet^* 

Gy.SKRAh  Ofvwkrh.  — Prrsidrn/.  Rt.  Rev.  Daniel  Sylvester  Tnttlc,  S.  T.  D..  Bishop  of  Missouri ; 
Vire-P)-esidenfs,  sixty  Bishops  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church;  Chnirmrw,  Rt.  Rev.  Frederick 
Courtney  D.D.;  'I'lre-Chctirman.  Rev.  T>.  Parker  Morgan,  D.D. ,  of  New  York;  T^-ensurrr,  [rving 
Grinnell;  General  Serrrtarii,  Robert  (Traham.  The  Society  wasorganized  within  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  in  1881.  Its  a<lnlt  membership  combines  those  who  temperately  use  and  those  who 
totallv  abstain  from  intoxicating  litpiors  as  beverages.  It  works  on  the  lines  of  moral  as  well  as  of 
legal  suasion. and  its  practical  objects  are  :  1.  Training  the  young  in  habits  of  temperance.  2.  Rescue 
of  the  dnmkard.  3.  Restriction  of  the  saloon  by  legislation.  4.  ( "on nleractive  agencies,  such  as  iced 
water  fountains,  Imich  wagons,  coachmen's  and  firemen's  coffee  vans,  coffee-houses,  workingmen's 
clnbs,  reading-rooms,  and  other  attractive  wholesome  resorts.  The  Church  Temperance  Legion 
(comprising  the  Knights  of  Temperance,  Young  Crusaders,  and  Veteran  Knights)  deals  with  bo.vs, 
seeking  to  induce  them  to  keep  soberj  pure,  and  reverent  from  the  earliest  years  of  manhood,  and  it 
endeavoi-sto  perpetuate  those  habits  in  men.    Headquarters,  the  Church  Mission  House,  New  York. 

^octets  of  ^t  Uincent  tre  pauL 


This  great  Roman  Catholic  organization,  founded  in  Paris.  France,  in  which  its  head  office  Is 
located,  has  branches  in  every  part  of  the  civilized  world.  Its  principal  mission  is  the  care  of  the  poor 
in  their  homes  to  the  end  that  the  unity  of  the  family  may  be  preserved,  but  it  conducts  many  other 
works  of  charity,  such  a-s  free  employrdent  bureaus,  Summer  homes,  boys'  clubs,  hospital  and  prison 
visitation  committees,  etc. 

The  local  or  parish  branches  of  the  Society  are  known  as  conferences;  these  conferences  are 
grouped  in  sections  under  tlu'  jurisdiction  of  Particular  and  Central  Councils,  and  the  latter,  in  the 
United  States,  are  under  the  jurisdiction  of  three  Superior  Councils.  The  office  of  the  Superior 
Council  of  New  York  is  located  at  No.  375  Lafayette  Street,  New  York  City.  New  Orleans,  La.,  and 
St.  Louis,  ]Mo.,  also  have  Superior  Councils. 

The  officers  of  the  Superior  Council  are  as  follows:  Sniritnal  Director^  The  Rev.  Denis  J.McMahou, 
D.D.  ;  rresident^  Thomas  M.  Mulry;  Secretary,  Edmond  J.  Butler;  Treasurer,  Michael  J.  Scanlan. 

^ijrtstian   anti  JHissionar^   ^Uiance^ 

OvFSC-ERfi.—Pi-exident  and  Oeverul  Supn-intendenf.  Rev.  A.  B.  Simpson,  692  Eighth  Avenue,  New 
YorkCitv;  Secretary,  A.  E.  Funk;  Treasiirer.  David  Crear. 

The  Christian  Alliajice  was  founded  in  1887.  It  combined  with  the  International  Missionary 
Alliance  in  1897.  and  the  present  title  was  adopted.  Membei-ship  consists  of  all  professing  Christians 
who  shall  subscribe  to  the  principles  of  the  order  and  enroll  their  names.  The  objects  of  the  Alliance 
are  stated  to  be  "  Wide  diffusion  of  the  Gospel  in  its  fulness,  the  promotion  of  a  deeper  and  higher 
Christian  life,  and  the  work  of  evangelization,  especially  among  the  neglected  classes  in  distant  and 
especiallv  in  ln^athen  countries."  Its  income  in  1906-7  was  over  a  quartt-r  of  a  million  dollars. 
State  auxiliarv  and  local  branches  are  being  rapidly  formed.  Connected  with  the  Alliance  are  the 
Missionary  Training  Institute,  Institute  for  the  Training  of  Home  Workers.  Berachah  Home.  The 
headquarters  of  the  Alliance  are  at  690  and  692  Eighth  Avemie,  New  York  City. 

srije  Younjs  J^eople's   (tf^vintian   mnion. 

The  Young  People' sChristian  Union  of  the  Church  of  the  United  Brethren -n  Christ  was  organized 
Junes.  1890.  It  is  a  utiiou  of  all  forms  of  j-oung  people's  societies  within  tlie  Church,  tmiting  them 
for  the  purpose  of  denominational  d  rection.  There  are  now  2.0ti8  societies,  of  which  556  are  junior 
societies.  The  total  membership  is  82.468.  A  mission  church  has  been  built  in  Los  Angeles.  Cat. 
Each  conference  is  called  a  Branch  and  holds  its  annual  conventions,  when  a  review  of  the  years 
work  is  made  and  new  plans  are  lairl.  At  present  there  are  about  forty  Bi'anch(^  or  Districts,  and 
nearlj'  every  one  is  doing  something  special  in  missions,  either  at  home  or  abroad.  The  General 
Union  holds  its  convention  every  two  vears,  the  next  cnn^-entlon  being  at  Indianapolis,  in  June, 
1908.  The  Watrhiuurd  is  the  organ  of  the  Union.  Single  subscription,  $1.00;  club  rates,  75co  its. 
Its  circulation  is  nearly  40,000.  H.  F.  Shupe,  H.  D. ,  DaytoU,  Ohio,  is  editor.  Last  year.  1907.  $1,C00 
were  raised  for  inagnrating  missionary  work  among  the  ali'^ns  in  America.  'J'he  .Innior  work  is  one 
of  the  strong  departments,  superintended  bj'  Mrs.G.  W.  Kitziniller,  Da.yton,  Ohio.  Rev.  E.  S. 
Bowman,  Harrisbure,  I'a.,  is  snperiniend"nt  of  Kihle  stnl  v,  .Mihlon  Miller  and  C.  J.  Roberts  are 
superintendents  of  missions;  Rev.  J.  S.  Kendall,  ("levelami,  dido,  is  superintendent  of  Christian 
Stewardship.  The  principal  othcers  an-:  Prrxidcnt,  Rev.  .1.(4.  lluber.  D.D.,  Da.vton,  Ohio;  Oorre.'i- 
ponding  Secretary,  H.    F.    Shupe,   Dayton,   Ohio  ;    Thensurcr,  E.  Jay  Rogei-s,  Dayton,  Ohio. 


A.7iiericait   lylble   Societi/.  575 


¥oung  i^uVu  ^ijrfstfan  Associations. 

OFFli;ERS  OK  ittK  1  N  rK.a.N  A  J  iii.NAi.  Commi  itkk.  (jlUri\  No.  o  Wesl  J'weiily  umth  Street,  New 
YOlii:.  Chairman.  Lucitu  (.'.  Warner;  y'recunner.  Kretlt'rick  li.  ^>i;beuck  ;  Genoat  .Secrelarij.  Richard  0. 
Moree.  JB'Kird  Of  Tmsrcfi  —  Treamrei .  AolS.  {.i.^ixunott^  N»'U'  Vork  City.  The  International  Commit- 
tee is  the  genaral  executive  ot  the  AssociatiouH  of  Norlli  America.  It  consists  of  55  representative 
Christian  lajMue;!,  and  einph^ys  a  force  of  50  se<  retane.s  in  the  home  and  70  in  the  foreign  fields. 

Offkkks  of  the  World's  (.'ommittkk.— Headqnarters,  No.  3  (leneral  I)ult>ur,  Geneva, 
Switzerland.  (ViainiutJt,  U.  Surasin  Warnery;  Secrflar!/.  Louis  Perrot;  Treasurer.  Paul  Itf.s 
Gouttes;  General  Secretarien.  Charles  Fermaud  ami  Christian  Phildius.  The  committee  is  com- 
posed of  membei-s  represeiuinn  America.  Australasia.  Austria-Hnngar.v,  Belgium,  Denmark. <  ireat 
Britain.  France.  Germany.  Italy,  Netherlands,  Norwaj',  Portugal,  Russia,  Spain,  South  Africa, 
Sv/eden,  Switzerland,  Japan,  and  India. 

OFFICKRS  of  the  ST.A.TE  E.VECfTIVE  COfMITTEE  OF  THE  YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRI.STI.AN  ASSO- 
CIATIONS OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YoRK. —General  oflice,  No.  215  West  23d  Street,  New  York. 
OiuLrman.  Edmund  P.  Piatt;  Treasurer,  Samuel  Woolverton;  State  Secretary,  John  W.Cook. 
This  committee  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  New  York  April  14,  1886,  having  for  its  object 
'  •  the  establishing  and  assisting  Young  Men's  Christian  Associations. and  generally  to  provide  for  the 
spiritual,  intellectual,  phvsical,  and  social  well-being  of  young  men  in  accordance  with  the  aims  and 
methods  of  Young  Men's' Christian  Associations  of  the  State  of  New  York."  The  membership  in 
the  State  is  56,126,  divided  as  follows:  General.  31,161;  Railroad.  11,485;  Student,  3,239;  Boys' 
Departments. 8, 568;  County  and  Small  Town,  720  A  biennial  meeting  of  the  State  A.ssociation, 
comprising  the  187  Associations  in  the  State,  is  held  in  Februar.v,  the  even  years. 

Officers  of  the  Yotng  Men's  Christian  Association  of  the  City  of  New^  York. — 
General  office,  No.  156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.  I^resklenl,W.  Fellowes  Morgan;  Treasurer, Samuel 
Sloan.  Jr.  ;  Oeneral  Secretary,  Henry  M.  Orne.  . 

There  are    7.771  associations  in  the  world,  of  which  1,952  are  in  North  America.      The  total 


They  employ  2,392  general  secretaries  and  other  paid  ofliclals,  and  expended  last   year  for  current 
expenses— local.  State,  and  international— $6.080,729. 

IE:f)c  WBnxWn  ¥ouns^S2iomcn's  (a:!)ristian  Association, 

The  \Vond's  Young  \Vomen's  Christian  Association  was  formed  in  ls94.  Kleveii  National  Asso- 
ciations are  now  affiliated:  Great  Britain,  United  States.  Canada,  Germany,  Italy,  France.  Norway, 
Sweden,  India,  Denmark,  and  Hungarv.  The  headquarters  are  in  London.  Office,  26  George 
Street,  Hanover  Square,  West.  The  Executive  Committee  is  composed  of  a  resident  membership 
in  London  and  two  representatives  from  America  and  other  countries.  Mrs.  (ieorge  W.  Cam))bell 
is  Chairman,  Miss  Clarissa  Spencer,  General  Secretary.  The  second  World's  Conference  was  held  in 
Geneva,  Switzerland.  Julv,  1902.  ^^  ^ 

The  American  Committee  was  formed  in  1886.  General  office.  917  Hartford  Building,  140  Dear- 
born Street,  Chicago.  111.;  E.istern  office,  Room  60,  2^9  Fouilh  Avenue,  New  York  City.  T*'®-*^ 
are  now  associations  affiliated  with  the  American  Committee  in  552  colleges  and  104  cities,  with  24 
State  organizations.  Each  State  holds  an  annual  convention.  The  national  convention  occurs  bi- 
euniailv.  Kach  vear  seven  conferences  areheld  to  train  volunteer  workersin  Bible  study  and  associa- 
tion work.  Tliese  meet  at  Capitola,  Cal. ;  Asheville,  N.C.;  Lake  George,  N.  Y. ;  Luke  Geneva,  Wis.; 
Waterloo,  Iowa;  Lakeside,  Iowa,  and  Seaside,  Oregon.  A  training  institute  is  conducted  to  pre- 
pare voung  women  for  positions  as  .secretaries.  TA^  ^i-o/if/p;,  tlie  official  organ  of  the -As.sociation, 
is  published  monthly  at  Cliicairo.  America  joins  with  tlie  World's  As-^ociation  in  ob.serving  the 
second  week  in  Noveml)er  as  a  week  of  praver  for  .voung  women.  The  student  Department  of  the 
American  CU^mmittee  is  one  of  tlie  membei-s  of  the  World's  Student  Christian  Federation,  and  the 
Student  Volunteer  Movement  for  Foreign  Missions  is  also  connected  din-ctly  with  the  Student 
Department.  Mrs.  J.  S.Griffith  is  Cliairman,  J^Iiss  :Mabel  Cratty  is  General  Secretary  of  the  Ameri- 
can Committee.  Membership  of  local  associations  connected  with  the  American  Committee, 
100.25-2. 

American  ^ract  Societg, 

This  Society  was  founded  in  1825.  For  eighty-two  years  it  has  piiblished  and  circulated,  by  sale 
orgrant,  books,  tracts,  and  periodicals,  representing  the  best  Christian  literature  approved  by  all  Kvaii- 
geUcal  Christians,  and  is  the  almoner  of  their  gifts  to  the  destitute.  Its  total  issues  at  home,  in 
thirtv- four  languages,  number  over  754,957,006  copies.  It  has  helped  Foreisn  Missions,  in  one  liuu- 
dred  an  I  fortv-tourlanguages, dialects  or  cli;iracters,  to  many  inillionsof  copies;  in  value,  S768. 713. 2r>, 
Itscolporteui-sh:ive  visited  overie. 296,233  families,  and  circulated  over  16.723,724  volumes.  Tlie 
Society  isdenendent  unoii  donations  a  id  legacies  for  its  support.  Offices,  150  Nassau  street.  New 
York.  President,  William  Phillips  Hall,  Esq.  ;  Secretaries,  Geoige  L.  Shearer,  D.D.,  John  H.  Kerr, 
D.  D. ,  and  Frederic  H.  A.ndrews.  ^ 

llmcrican    SftJlc   ^ocictg. 

Thk  American  Bible  Society  was  founded  in  1816.  It  is  a  charitable  institution,  whose  sole  object 
is  to  encourage  a  wider  circulation  of  the  Scriptures  witliout  note  or  comment.  It  invites  the  contribu- 
tion and  co-operation  of  "all  who  accept  the  Bible  a.s  their  rule  of  life  and  believe  that  every  human 
beintr  is  entitled  to  know  what  it  te:iches  concerning  truiii  and  dut.v.  "  The  officers  are  a  president, 
Daniel  C,  (Oilman,  Baltimore,  Md. ,  and  twentv-six  vici'-presidents,  headed  by  J.  L.  Chamberlain, 
Maine.     Among  the  others  are  ijen.  O.  O.  Howard,  Vermont;   Frank  E.  Spooner,  Illinois;    Frank 


Beaver,  Pennsvlvania;  Elbert  A.  BrinckerhofT,  New  Jersey,  and  John  L.  Wdliams.  \irgiiila. 
There  are  thirtv-six  managers,  dividpd  into  four  classes  a.s  to  terms  of  olRcf..  The  Secretaries  are: 
Rev.  John  Fox."  D.  H.,  Rev.  W.  I.  Haven,  D.  D. .  and  Ri-v.  If.  O.  Dwight,  Lf..  T).  The  Treasurer  is 
WJUiam  Foulke.  The  issues  for  the  vear  ending  :March  31,  li>07.  were  l,9lO..S53  copies,  anil  lor  th« 
ninetv-one  years  of  tlie  existence  of  the  Society.  80.420.382  copies.  This  includes  Bibles  in  manr 
foreign  tongues,  and  the  languages  of  several  American  Indian  tribes,  n'he  British  and  Foreign  Biblti 
Society,  established  in  1804.  husdi-^tiibuted  t(j  MaiLli  31,  1907,  203,931.768  cemies.  ;  Tiie  ©ffices  ol 
tlie  Society  are  at  the  Bible  House,  i'uuilli  Aveuue,  New  York. 


576  ThQ  JBrotherhood  of  St.  Aihdrew. 


OFyrcERS  OF  thk  Un'itkd  Society  of  Christian  Endkavor.— Office.  Tremont  Temple, 
Boston,  iliiss.  President,  Bev.  Fraacie  E.  Clark,  1).  U.,  LL..D.  ;  Treasui-er,  Hiram  N.  Lathrop; 
Genrral  Secreturi/s  William  Shaw. 

Kach  society  is  in  some  local  church,  and  in  no  sense  outside.  It  exists  simpl.v  to  make  the  young 
people  loyal  aiul  efficient  members  of  the  Church  of  Christ.  It  is  the  Church  training  tlie  youiif?.  Its 
motto  is,  "For  Christ  and  the  Church. "  In  November.  1907.  there  were  09,256  societies, 
with  a  membership  of  3, 4G2,S00,  cliiedy  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  in  Australia.  Great 
Britain,  China,  India.  .Tai>un,  and  in  all  missionar.v  lands.  It  is  found  in  about  tlie  same  proportions 
in  all  the  crroat  evang-elical  denominations  and  in  all  their  subdivisions. 

The  United  Society  is  simply  the  bureau  of  information  for  all  the  societies,  It  prints  the  litera- 
ture, supports  one  general  secretary,  and  is  the  general  headquarters  of  the  work.  It  levies  no  taxes, 
however,  and  assumes  no  aut-liority,  but  every  society  manages  its  own  aftaira  in  its  own  way.  It  is 
supported  b.v  the  sales  of  its  literature,  badges,  etc.  11;  is  man'aged  by  a  board  of  trustees,  representing 
the  great  evangelical  denominations,  the  President  being  Francis  K.  Clark,  D.  D.  ,IiL.D..  the  founder 
of  the  society;  General  Seci'etary,  Williaiu  Shaw;  Treasurer,  Hiram  K.  Laihrop.  The  e.\ecutive 
committee  of  the  board  of  trustees  meets  quarterly  to  consult  conceruiug  the  best  interests  of  the 
society. 


American  iJoactf  Of  i^ommisiiEitourr.s  foe  jForctauSHtsslous. 

The  head  olTiee  of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions  is  at  the  Congrega- 
tional House,  14  Beacon  Street,  Boston.  Jlass.  There  are  three  district  oHice.s:  (1)  at  the  United 
Charities  Building,  Twentv-seeorKl  Street  and  Fourth  Avchue,  Nev.'  Yorft  Citv,  Rev.  C.  (".  Ci'eegan. 
D.D.,  District  Beci-etary;  (2)  153  La  Salle  Street. Chicago,  111.,  Rev.  A.  N.  Hitchcock,  Ph.  U.,  District 
Secretary;  (3)  Berkeley,  Gal i lorn i a.  Barker  Block,  itev.  H.  M.  I'enney,  District  Socrotnry.  Its 
oflicers  are:  Prrs/rtcji/.  Samuel  B.  Capen,  JjL. D.,  Boston,  Mass.;  Vice-lh-eaidnit,  Henry  C.  King, 
D.  D. ,  Oberlin,  O. ;  Voi've-jtonxiinp  Sfciflarlex,  James  L.  Barton.  D.  D.,  Cornelius  H.  Palton,  D.D.; 
Treasurer,  Frank  H.  V\\ii;gu\\  FAitnrial  Secretarifx,K.  F.  Strong,  D.D. ,  Bev.  William  K.  Stn)ng; 
A.ssociaie  Seer e' dry,  Harry  Wade  Hicks:  Recording  S(?Ti^c>ry,  Henry  A.  Siimson,  DM.\  Prudendiil 
Cmnmittee,  Prof.  Edward  O.  Ivloore.  D.  D.,  Hon.  Arthur  H.  Wellnmn,  Francis  O.  Wiu.^low.  Prof. 
Arthur  D.  Gillett,  D.  D.,  Col.  Charles  A.  Ho4)kius.  HeHiert  A.  Wilder.  Rev.  Edward  M.  Noyes, 
Rev.  John  H.  Deni.son,  Rev.  Albert  P.  Fitch,  Heliry  1£.  Proctor,  Rev.  Geo.  A.  iia,ll i  Publiahiiig 
iiad  Purdi'tsiiya  Aqenl.  John  G.  Hosmer. 

The  American  Board,  which  is  the  oldest  foreign  missionary  society  in  the  United  States,  wns 
organized  .June  29,  1810.  During  the  past  ninety-seven  year:-,  of  its  histdr.v  it  has  sent  out  over  2.500 
missionaries,  of  whom  509  are  now  in  service.  Into  tiie  <iOO  cliiirches  which  have  been  organized 
b.v  the.-^e  missionaries  there  have  been  received  froui  the  first  nearly  200,000  members.  The  total 
receipts  from  the  beginning  have  been  over  S:37.000.0>jO. 

The  mi.ssion  fields  now  occupied  by  the  Boaixi  are:    Me.iico;  Micronesian  Islands;  Philippine 
Islands:  ' 
China; 
Southei 


le  mi.ssiuu  neias  now  occupied  o.y  me  i-souixi  are:  i>ie.iiuo;  niicionesiau  l.^slaIlus;  ruii\y}\M\ni 
Is:  Japan;  ISTorth  China;  ^hansi,  in  Northwestern  Ghinu;  FiKichow  and  Hong  Kong,  in  Southern 
.;  Cevlon;  Madura,  in  Southern  India;  the  Marathi  field  ot  Western  India;  East  Central  Africa; 
ern  Africa;  West  Central  Africa;  European  and  Asiatic  Turkey;  Austria,  and  Spain. 


^m'tttr  .^ocieti)  of  jFrct  3Sapti.9t  ¥ouu5  i^coplc^ 

A  GENERAL,  societ.v  representing  the  local  societies  of  j'oung  people  of  the  Free  Baptist  Denomina- 
tion. The  otlicers  areas  follows:  PreaUlenl,  E.  P.  Metcalf,  Providence,  R.  I.  :  Vice-President,  Rev.  J. 
H.  Wolfe,  Tecumseh,  Isi^h.;  llecfrrding  Secretary,  Miss  Agnes  Collins,  South  Danville,  N.  H.  :  Oen- 
eral  Secretary,  Harry  S.  Myers,  Hillsdale.  Mich.;  2'rea:<iirer,  Rev.  Arthur  Given,  D.D.,  Providence, 
R.  I.    There  are  400  societies,  with  a  membership  of  16,000. 


l^apttist  Yoitns  33co|Jlc's  mnion  of  America* 

The  Union  represents  young  people's  societies  connected  with  Baptist  churches  In  all  the  States 
and  Canada.  The  following  are  the  International  oflicers:  President.  John  H.  Chapman,  Chicago,  111.  ; 
Vice-Presidents.  George  Miller,  Baltimore,  Md.;  Principal  A.  L.  McCrimmon,  M.  A..  Woodstock, 
Ont.  ;  (Jeorge  W.  Truett,  D.  D. ,  Dallas, Tex.  ;  Field  Secretary,  George  T.  Webb.  324  Dearborn  Streets 
Chicago,  III. ;  Recordinp  Secretarij.  Rev.  H.  W.  Reed,  Ph.  D. ,  Rock  Island, III. ;  Treasurer.  H.B.  O.sgood, 
Chicago,  111.,  H.  C.  Lyman,  Manager.  The  Union  was  oriranized  July  7  and  8,  1891.  It  holds 
annual  meetings.    Next  meeting  will  be  held  at  Spokane,  Wash. ,  July,  1907. 


^fjc  lirotljnijocty  of  <S^t♦  ^ntrrtta- 

Tre  following  was  prepared  for  The  World  Almanac  by  the  General  Secretary: 

"The  Brotherhood  of  St.  Andrew  is  an  organization  of  men  in  the  Protestant  Epi.scopal  Church.  Its 
sole  object  is  the  spread  of  Chiist's  kingdom  among  men.  It  works  under  two  rules,  known  as  (1)  The 
Rvileof  Praj'er-  To  pravdailv  for  the  spread  of  Christ's  kingdom  among  men,  especially  young  men, 
and  for  God's  blessing  upon  the  labors  of  the  Brotherhood,  and  (2)  The  Rule  of  Sei-vice:  To  make 
at  least  one  earnest  olfort  each  week  to  lead  some  man  nearer  to  Christ  through  His  church. ' '  There 
are  now  l.r>00  active  chapters  with  a  membership  of  about  fifteen  thousand  men. 

The  Brotherhood  idea  has  also  taken  root  in  Canada,  and  the  Brotherhood  of  St.  Andrew  in  the 
Church  of  England  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada  has  been  formed,  with  four  hundred  chaptei-s  and 
tbirtv-eight  hmidred  men.  A  similar  organization  has  Iieen  foi'med  in  the  Scottish  I^piscopal 
Church.  In  the  W<>st  Indies  the-e  is  a  membershlo  of  1,000  men,  and  there  is  also  a  national 
organization  in  Japan.  June  12,1S96,  the  Brotherhood  of  St.  Andrew  in  the  Church  of  England  was 
formed.  .  ,    ,, 

The  Brotherhood  in  the  United  States  includes  a  Junior  Department  to  train  youngr  men  and  «lder 
boys  for  Christian  work.    It  has  eOOcliapterain  the  ITiiited  States,  witli  about  six  thoiisa;id  members. 

Theofficersare:  President,  Robert  H.(}ar(luier;  Editor  ol  St.  Andrew's  e?-f)««  and  (iener(d  SecrHary, 
Hubert  Carleton,  Broad  Exchange  P.nH  liner,  Boston.  Mass.  ;  Associate  Secretury,  (+eon,'e  H.  Randall. 
The  Secretaries  will  furnish  information  and  literature  to  any  one  who  may  be  iulerested  iu  the  work. 


the  Epxrorth  TjeagueX  '  577 


OT)0  3^t*otljciijooTr  of  ^ntrrrto  auTr  Jlljiltp, 

TiTis  organization,  founded  in  188S,  hold  its  first  federal  convention  in  the  City  of  New  York 
In  1893.  It  is  composed  of  membersof  twenty-three  evangelical  denominations— the  Reformed  Church 
in  America,  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States,  the  Congregational,  Presbyterian  (North, 
■South, Canadian,  and  United),  Methodist  Episcopal,  Methodist  Protestant,  Baptist.  United  Brethren, 
Lutheran,  Reformed  Episcopal,  Church  of  Christ,  Progressive  Brethren,  Friends,  United  Evangelical, 
Free  Baptist,  Federal,  African  Methodist  Episcopal,  and  Evangelical  Association.  It  ha.s  chapters 
in  Australia  and  Japan.  Its  objects  are  embodied  in  the  statement  that  "Any  man  can  belong  to 
the  Brotherhood  who  will  promise  to  pray  daily  for  the  spread  of  the  kingdom  of  Christ  among  men, 
and  to  make  an  earnest  effort  each  week  to  bring  at  least  one  man  within  the  hearing  of  the  Gospel. ' ' 
The  number  of  chapters  of  the  Brotherhood  in  the  United  States  is  875,  and  the  membership  25,000 
in  44  States.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Rnfus  W.  Miller,  the  founder,  1308  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  is 
President  of  the  Federal  Council,  and  Rev.  J.  G.  Hamuer,  Jr. ,  189  Garside  Street,  Newark,  N.  J. 
General  Secretary. 

K\)t  Bausijtcrs  of  t!je  Etng, 

The  Order  of  the  Daughters  of  the  King  was  organized  on  Easter  Evening,  1885.  Itisdesiredby  its 
proinotei's  that  a  careful  distinction  shall  be  made  between  the  Daughters  of  the  King  and  The  King's 
Daughters.  This  is  the  older  society,  and  differs  from  The  King's  Daughters  in  many  important 
particulars.  In  the  first  place,  it  is  more  of  an  order  than  a  societ}',  and  is  distinctively  Episcopal.  Its 
work  is  definite,  and  is  for  the  spread  of  Christ's  kingdom  among  young  women,"  and  the  "active 
support  of  the  rector's  plans  in  the  parish  in  which  the  particular  chapter  may  be  located. ' '  Its  badge 
is  a  cross  of  silver,  a  Greek  cross  fleury,  and  its  mottoes  are  "  Magnanimeter  Crucem  Sustine"  and 
'*  For  His  Sake.  "  Its  colors  are  white  and  blue— white,  the  old  royal  color  of  Israel,  and  blue,  the 
color  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  the  "  blessed  daughter  of  Israel's  King,  the  Mother  of  the  Kmgof  Kings.' 
Its  constitution  is  framed,  as  far  as  is  possible,  in  the  terms  of  that  of  the  Brotherhood  of  St.  Andrew, 
the  work  of  the  two  organizations  being  similar.  The  officers  of  the  Council  are:  President,  TsIt^.  E. 
A.  Bradley;  Oeneral  Secretary,  Miss  Elizabeth  L,  Ryerson.  Office  of  the  Council,  Church  Missions 
House,  281  Fourth  AVenue,  New  York, 


Kntttnational  #rtfcr  of  ^\)t  Btufj's  Bautjljtrrs  antr  Sons, 

Headquarters,  156  5th  Ave  ,  New  York  City.  Officers:  President,  Miss  Kate  Bond;  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  Robert  J.  Reed;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Mary  Lowe  Dickinson. 

The  Order  is  an  interdenominational,  religious  and  philanthropic  society,  working  locally  in 
Circles,  County  and  City  Unions,  Chapters,  State  and  National  oii;anizatlous.  Branches  are  estab- 
lished in  thirty-one  States,  and  in  eight  Canadian  provinces. 

The  objects  of  the  Order  are  "the  development  of  spiritnal  life  and  the  stimulation  of 
Christian  activities.  "  Its  membership  is  very  large  and  extends  all  over  the  world.  The  Order  has 
established  or  supported  several  hundred  institutions  of  diiierent  kinds  in  different  localities.  The 
badge  is  a  small  silver  cross,  which  is  also  the  corporate  seal  of  the  society. 


Hutfjer  SLcafiur  of  America. 


'  Pre^fcfen^— 'William  C.  Stoever,  Philadelphia,  Pa.    General  Secretary— LiUther  M.  Kulins,  Omaha, 
Neb.     Chairman  Niiiional  Executive  Committee,  Mr.  E.  F.  Eilert,  New  York. 

The  first  National  Convention  of  the  Luther  League  of  America  was  held  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa., 
October  30  and  31,  1895.  The  League  is  a  Lutheran  organization,  linking  together  the  Lutheran 
young  people  who  are  laboring  for  the  good  of  the  Church  by  means  of  many  individual  societies  of 
various  names  and  styles  of  organization,  each  within  its  own  immediate  church..  The  constitution 
declares  that  its  objects  shall  be  "to  encourage  the  formation  of  the  j'oung  people's  societies  in  all 
Lutheran  congregations  in  America,  to  urge  their  affiliation  with  their  respective  State  or  Territorial 
leagues,  and  with  this  league  to  stimulate  the  various  young  people's  societies  to  greater  Christian 
activity  and  to  foster  the  spirit  of  loyalty  to  the  Church."  The  fundamental  principles  are 
federation  and  co-operation.  The  aggregate  enrolled  membership  of  the  various  local  organizations 
represented  in  the  national  organization  is  over  100, 000.  These  are  comprised  in  twentj'-five  States, 
fourteen  of  which  already  have  permanent  State  organizations.  The  firet  local  organization  adopting 
the  title  of  "The  Luther  League"  was  organized  by  delegates  of  six  Lutheran  Church  societies  in 
the  City  of  New  York,  April  19,  1888. 


^ije  12jpU)ortfj  ILcatiue^. 


Officers  of  the  Epworth  Leagtth  of  the  Methodist  Episcopai,  QTruncTt.— President— 
Bishop  Joseph  F.  Berry,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  General  Seci'etary—'E.d.win  M.  Randall,  D.D.  ,57  Washington 
Street,  Chicago,  111.  Treasurer~R.  S.  Copeland,  M.  D. ,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  The  Central  Office  of 
the  Epworth  League  is  located  at  57  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

The  Epworth  League  was  organized  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Maj-,  1889,  by  the  union  of  five  societies 
then  existing  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  These  several  societies  held  under  their  jurisdic- 
tion 1,500  local  societies,  with  a  membership  of  about  6,000.  It  spread  rapidly  throughout  the 
denomination  until  it  is  now  organized  in  nearly  every  church,  and  has  become  the  largest  denomi- 
natioual  society  of  young  people  in  the  world.  Its  official  organ.  The  Epworth  Herald,  has  a  circula- 
tion of  130,000.  

Officers  op  the  Epworth  League  op  the  Methodist  Episcopai.  Church,  South. —y 
Pi'esident—E\s\io^  W.  A.  Candler,  D  D.  ,  LL.  D.  General  Secretary— B.^^.  H.  I^f.  Du  Bose,  D.D.I 
Assistant  Secretary  and  Treasurer— Hqv.  F.  S.  Parker,  D.D. ,  Nashville,  Tenn.  The  general  organ 
of  the  League  is  the  Epwoi'th  Era,  published  weeklv  by  the  book  agents  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  South,  Nashville,  Tenn..  aiid  Dallas,  Texas;  H.  M.  Du  Bose. Editor;  F.  S.  Parker, 
Assistant  Editor.  The  League  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South,  was  provided  for  by  the 
General  Conference  of  1890,  and  in  January  of  the  following  year  its  organization  was  effected.  It 
came  under  the  supervision  of  the  Sundav- School  Board.  The  General  Conference  of  1894  created  it 
a  separate  connectional  board  and  -elected  a  General  Secretary.  It  has  now  3,569  chapters,  with  « 
total  membership  of  123,326. 


578  National   Purity  federation. 


^Je  jFttrtral  eouncil  of  tijt  (t^yxxt'^tn  of  ejrist 

IN    AMERICA. 

Five  hundred  officially  appointed  delegates  of  thirty  denominations  at  Carnegie  Hall,  New  York 
City    met  in  Nuveiuber.  1905,  iiuU  adopted  the  lollowiug  Plan  of  Federation: 

''I  For  the  prosecution  of  work  which  can  be  belter  done  in  union  than  separately ,  a  Councilis 
hereby  established,  to  be  known  as  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America. 

"II  The  following  Christian  bodies  are  represented  in  this  Federal  Coinic'.l:  Baptist  Churches 
(North)'  Free  Baptist  Cliurches.  Negro  Bapiist  Churches,  Christian  Connection,  Congregational 
Churches,  Uisoiules  of  Christ,  Jivaugelical  Association,  Evangelical  Synod,  Friends,  Evangelical 
Lutheran  ChiircB,  General  Synod,  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  (South), 
Primitive  ivlelhodist  Church,  Colored  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  America,  Methodist  Protestant 
Church,  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Ziou  Church,  Mennouite 
Clin rch,  Moravian  Church,  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.,  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church, 
Welsh  Presbyterian  Church,  Relormed  Presbyterian  Church,  United  Presbyterian  Church,  Protes- 
tant Kuiscopal  Church,  Keformed  Church  in  America,  Reformed  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.,  Keformed 
Episcopal  Church,  Seventh  Day  Baptist  Churches,  United  Brethren  in  Christ,  United  Evangelical 
Church. 

•'III.  The  objectof  this  Federal  Council  is:  (1)  To  express  the  fellowship  and  catholic  unity 
of  the  Christian  Church.  (2)  To  bring  the  Christian  bodies  of  America  into  united  service  for  Christ 
and  the  world  (3;  To  encourage  devotional  fellowship  and  mutual  counsel  concerning  the  spiritual 
life  and  religions  activities  of  the  Churches.  (4)  To  secure  a  larger  combined'  influence  for  the 
Churches  of  Christ  in  all  matters  atfecting  the  moral  and  social  condition  of  the  people,  so  as  to  pro- 
mote the  application  of  the  law  of  Christ  in  every  relation  of  human  life.  (5)  To  assist  in  the  organ- 
ization of  local  branches  of  the  Federal  Council  to  promote  its  aims  in  their  communities. 

"IV.  This  Federal  Council  has  no  authority  over  the  constituent  bodies  adhering  to  it;  butits 
^province  is  limited  to  the  expression  of  its  counsel  and  the  recommending  of  a  course  of  action  m 
matters  of  common  interest  to  the  churches, local  councils  and  individual  Christians.  It  has  uo author- 
ity to  draw  up  a  common  creed,  or  form  of  government  or  of  worship,  or  in  any  way  to  limit  the 
full  autonomy  of  the  Christian  bodies  adhering  to  it. " 

Each  Christiaa  body  adhering  to  this  council  may  appoint  four  members,  and  one  for  each  addi- 
tional 50,000  communicants. 

By  the  official  action  of  denominational  Assemblies  and  Conferences  the  Plan  of  Federation  is  now 
operative,  and  arrangements  are  being  made  for  the  Council  to  be  held  in  December,  190^  The 
omcers  of  the  Executive  Committee  are:  Chairman,  William  H.  Roberts,  D.  D.  Secretary,  E.  B. 
Sanfoid,  D.  D.    Office,  81  Bible  House,  New  York. 


lXtliQi(\un  IStrucation  Association* 

The  Religious  Education  Association  was  organized  on  February  12,  1903,  at  the  close  of  a  three 
days'  conventiouheldiii  Chicago,  called  toconsidertheimprovementof  moraland  religious  education. 

Its  service  is  fourfold:  Arousing  the  public  mind  to  a  sense  of  the  need  of  religious  educatipn, 
and  knowledge  of  the  right  methods  therein;  uniting  the  forces  for  religious  education;  promoting 
investigation  in  religious  education;  providing  a  forum  and  a  clearing-house  for  religious  education. 
It  now  enrolls  over  2,000  members,  includhig  laj'men,  college  presidents  and  professors,  pastors, 
teachers  and  parents,interested  in  the  problem  of  reverent,  scientific,  effective  character  training. 
It  liolds  great  conventions  and  smaller  conferences,  publishes  annual  volumes  and  a  journal,  and 
renders  service  to  thousands  of  churches,  Sunday-schools,  colleges  and  individuals.  It  knows  no 
sectarian  lines.  It  has  no  theological  platform.  It  invites  to  membership  all  who  sympathize  with 
Its  purpose. 

The  officers  are:  President,  Henry  Churchill  King,Oberlin,  Ohio  :  First  Vice-President,  George 
Hodges,  Cambridge,  Mass.;  Chairman  J5xecn?ri'e  J5oa7d,  William  Douglas  Mackenzie,  Hartford,  Ct.  ; 
Vice-Chairman  Executive  Board,  Loring  Wilbur  Messer,  Chicago,  111.;  Treaaurer,  James  Herron 
Eckels,  Chicago.  111.;  Recording  Secretary,  William  Pierson  Merrill,  Chicago,  111. ;  Qeneral  Secretary, 
Henry  Frederick  Cope,  153  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago,  111. 


J^rotljcrljootr  of  tijr  IXtn  Biamontr, 

Brotherhood  of  the  Red  Diamond  (organized  1898).  Organizations  for  boys  in  churches, 
twelve  to  fiiteeu  years;  inter-denominational.  National  headquarters, No.  287  4th  Avenue,  corner 
22d  Street,  New  York  City.    William  Alberti  Whiting,  General  Superintendent. 


jSTational  JIuritg  jFctrrration. 

Thk  following  statement  is  contributed  to  The  World  Almanac  by  B.  S.  Steadwell,  president 
of  the  FeiiiM-ation: 

The  ot)ject  of  this  Federation  is  to  unite  in  national  co-operation  all  those  forces  in  America  that 
are  striving  toproinotepurity  in  the  life  of  the  individual  and  in  .social  relations  through  preventive, 
edncatioiiai.  reiormaiory,  rescue,  law  enforcement,  legi.slative  and  sanitary  lines  of  effort  It  is 
in  every  sense  non-sectarian,  and  is  open  to  all  who  are  sincerely  and  seriously  striving  to  promote  its 
object.  Many  of  the  leaders  in  religious,  philanthiopicand  reform  movements  in  the  United  States 
are  officially  connected  with  this  Federation.  Each  year  a  largely  attended  national  purity  congress 
is  held  uiKJer  the  auspices  of  the  Federation. 

The  officers  are:  President,  B.  S.  Steadwell,  La  Crosse,  Wis.:  First  Vice-President,  Dr.  Howard 
A.  Kelly,  Baltimore,  Md. ;  Second  Vice-President,  Rev.  Sylvanus  Stall,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Recording 
Secretiinj,  Mrs.  Rose  Woodallen  Chapman,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Hattie  Dick- 
son, Marshalltown,  Iowa;  Treasurer,  Dr.  Carolyn  E.  Geisel,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 


The    Universal  Jh-otherhood  and    IVieosophical  Society.      579 

(a^ljrfstian  <Scicnce. 

The  Christian  Science  Publication  Committee,  for  the  State  of  New  York,  contributes  the 
following  statement: 

_  In  June,  1906,  the  §2,000.000  extension  of  the  Mother  Church,  the  First  Church  of  Christ 
Scientist,  in  Boston,  was  dedicated.  At  the  annual  meeting, .Tune,  1907,  an  increase  of  4,000  mem- 
bers over  the  previous  year  was  reported.  The  total  membership,  resident  and  nnn- resident,  was 
given  at  43, 876.  In  the  Christian  Science  Journal  Directory  for  1907,  over  1,000  churches  and 
societies  of  this  denomination  were  listed.  The  estimated  membership  of  these  branch  churches  is 
approximately  40,000.  There  are  many  institutes  for  teaching  Christian  Science.and  upward  of 
4.000  practitioners  of  Christian  Science  mind-healing.  Organizations  can  now  be  found  in  almost 
everj'  city  in  the  United  States, and  there  are  branches  in  Canada,  NovaScotia,  British  Columbia, 
Mexico,  the  Baliamas,  British  West  Indies,  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  Cuba,  Philippine  Islands,  Sand- 
wich Islands,  British  Isles,  France,  Germany,  Norway,  Switzerland,  Italy,  Australia,  New  South 
Wales,  India.  Ciiina,  South  Africa,  and  manj' other  countries. 

Magnificent  new  church  buildmgs  have  recently  been  completed  and  dedicated  in  New  York 
City,  Denver,  Colo.,   and  Concord,  N.  H. 

All  Christian  Science  churches,  other  than  the  Mother  Church  in  Boston,  are  branches  of  that 
church.  In  all  of  the.se  the  Sunday  services  are  uniform,  and  consist  of  correlative  passages  rend 
from  the  Bible  and  the  Christian  Science  text-book,  "Science  and  Health,  with  Key  to  tiie  Scrip- 
tures," by  Mary  Baker  y. Eddy.  The  selections  comprising  the  lesson  sermon  are  compiled  by  a 
central  committee,  and  are  published  by  the  Christian  Science  Publishing  Society  in  Boston,  in  a 
pamphlet  known  as  ' '  The  Christian  Science  Quarterly."  The  church  services  are  conducted  bj'  two 
readers,  generally  a  man  and  a  woman.  On  Wedne.sday  evening  a  meeting  is  held  in  every  church  of 
this  denomination.  Testimonies  of  healing  and  remarks  on  Christian  Science  are  given  by  the  mem- 
bers of  the  congregation  at  these  meetings. 

Mrs.  P^ddy  says  in  her  book."  Retrospection  and  Introspection :  "  "I  claim  for  healing  scien- 
tifically the  following  advantages:  1.  It  does  away  with  all  material  medicines  and  recognizes  the 
antidote  for  all  sickness,  as  well  as  sin,  in  the  immortal  mind;  and  mortal  mind  is  the  source  of  all 
the  ills  which  befall  mortals.  2.  It  is  more  effectual  than  drugs,  and  cures  when  they  fail,  or  onlj' 
relieve,  thus  proving  the  superiority  of  metanhysics  over  physics.  3.  A  person  healed  by  Christian 
Science  is  not  only  healed  of  his  disease,  but  he  is  advanced  morally  and  spiritually.  The  mortal 
bod\^  being  but  the  objective  state  of  the  mortal  mind,  this  mind  must  be  renovated  to  improve  the 
body."  The  absence  of  creed  and  dogma  in  the  Christian  Science  Church,  its  freeaom  from 
materialism,  mysticism,  and  superstition,  also  the  simplicity,  uniformity,  and  impersonality  of  its 
form  of  worship  and  organization,  are  among  the  distinguishing  features  which  characterize  this 
modern  religious  movement.  Hvpnotism,  mesmerism,  spiritualism,  theosophy,  faith-cure,  and 
kindred  systems  are  foreign  to  true  Christian  Science.  Those  practising  these  beliefs  are  denied 
admission  to  the  Christian  Science  Church. 


^Ije  OTjeosopijical  cSociet^, 


Mr.  Weller  Van  Hook,  General  Secretary  of  the  American  section,  contributes  the  following 
statement: 

The  Theosophical  Society  was  founded  in  New  York  City  on  November  17,  1875,  by  Mm.e, 
H.  P.  Blavat.sky  and  Col.  Henry  S.  Olcott,  but  its  headquarters  were  removed  in  1879  to  Adyair, 
Madras, India.  Its  objects  are  three:  (<0  To  form  a  nucleus  of  the  Universal  Brotherhood  of  Humanit  j', 
without  distinction  of  race,  creed,  sex,  caste,  or  color;  (6)  to  encourage  the  study  of  comparative; 
religion,  philosophy,  and  science;  (c)  to  investigate  unexplained  laws  of  nature  and  the  powers  latent 
in  man.  It  has  spread  into  almost  all  countries,  and  has  now  ten  territorial  section.s,  each  presided 
over  by  a  general  secretary:  America,  Great  Britain,  India,  Scandinavia,  Holland.  France,  Italy. 
Germany,  Australia,  and  New  Zealand.  During  the  29  years  of  its  existence  it  has  admitted  about 
28.000  members  and  chartered  over  750  branches.  The  membership  at  present  of  the  Amer- 
ican section  is  about  3, 000;  there  are  77  branches.  The  society  holds  forth  no  doctrines  and  enjoins 
none,  but  Theo.sophy  is  the  natural  study  of  its  members, and  a  large  and  increasing  number  of  tlieo- 
sophical  treatises  is  poured  out  by  students.  Reincarnation  and  Karma  are  the  basic  stones  of  the 
Theosophical  system.  The  president,  Mrs.  Annie  Besant,  resides  at  the  Adyar  headquarters;  the 
general  secretary  of  the  American  section  is  Weller  Van  Hook,  103  State  strpet.  ChicaEro,  111.  Some 
organizations  using  the  name  "Theosophical"  have  been  formed  since  1875,  but  they  are  distinct 
from  and  unaffiliated  with  the  original  Theosophical  Society. 

The  Society  appeals  for  support  and  encouragement  to  all  who  truly  love  their  fellow  men  and 
desire  the  eradication  of  the  evils  caused  by  the  barriei'S  raised  by  race,  creed  or  color,  which  have  so 
long  impeded  human  progress;  to  all  scholars,  to  all  sincere  lovers  of  truth,  ivheresoever  it  may  be 
found,  and  to  all  philosophers,  alike  in  the  East  and  in  the  West;  and  lastly  to  all  who  aspire  to  higher 
and  better  things  than  the  mere  pleasures  and  interests  of  a  worldly  Itfe,  and  are  prepared  to  make 
the  sacrifices  by  which  alone  a  knowledge  of  them  can  be  attained. 


K\)t  Slnitjtrsal  iJroti)cr!)(iotr  antr  S^tjcosopljical  c^ocittg. 

Mr.  .1.  H.  Fas.sET,T.,  Secretary  of  the  Universal  Brotherhood  and  Theosophical  Society,  Point 
Loma.Cal. ,  contributes  the  following  statement : 

The  Universal  Brotherhood  and  Theosophical  Society,  founded  by  Mme.  H.  P.  BlavaUskj^  in  New 
York,  1875,  continued  after  her  death  under  the  leadership  of  the  co-founder,  William  Ci.  Judge,  and 
now  under  theleadeiship  of  their  succes.sor,  Katherine  Tingley,  has  its  International  Headquarters 
at  the  World's  Theosophical  Centre,  Point  Loma,  California. 

This  organization  declares  that  brotherhood  is  a  fact  in  nature.  The  principal  purpose  of  the  or- 
ganization is  to  teach  brotherhood,  demonstrate  that  it  is  a  fact  in  nature,  and  make  it  a  living  power 
in  the  life  of  humanity,  establishing  brotherhood  .schools  throughout  the  world,  and  creating  a  new 
literature.  Its  subsidiary  purpose  is  to  study  ancient  and  modern  religion,  science,  philosophy,  and 
art,  to  investigate  the  laws  of  nature  and  the  latent  divine  powers  in  man.  It  declares  in  its  con- 
stitution that  every  meinber  has  a  right  to  believe  or  disbelieve  in  any  religious  sj'stem  or  philosophy, 
each  being  required  to  show  that  tolerance  for  the  opinions  of  others  which  he  expects  for  his  own. 
The  head  of  this  organization  is  Katherine  Tinglev,  and  the  secretary -general  is  Frank  M,  Pierce. 
The  headquarters  are  at  Point  Loma,  Cal, 


580  The  National  Spiritualists^  Association. 

The  following  statement  is  contributed  to  The  World  Almanac  by  direction  of  the  Commander: 

The  Salvation  A.rmj-  is  a  religious  body  organized  on  xnilitary  principles,  with  a  view  of  reaching 
the  non-churchgoers  of  the  world.  It  was  first  started  in  July,  1865,  in  the  East  End  of  London  as  a 
Christian  mission.  Thirteen  years  later,  on  Christmas,  1878,  it  received  the  name  of  the  Salvation 
Arnij'.    Since  then  its  growth  tliroughout  the  world  lias  been  increasing. 

The  father  and  founder,  Gen.  William  Bootli,  was  born  in  Nottingham,  England,  on  April  10, 
1829.  In  1852  he  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  became  a  powerful  evangelist, 
attracting  immense  crowds  and  witnessing  thousands  of  conversions.  Finding,  however,  that  the 
churchless  masses  could  not  be  reached  by  ordinary  methods,  he  resigned  his  pastorate  and  estab- 
lished the  Arm  j'. 

As  a  temperance  movement  it  is  stated  that  the  Salvation  Army  has  been  the  means  of  convert- 
ing hundreds  of  thousands  of  confirmed  drunlsards.  Total  abstinonce  is  a  condition  of  membersliip. 
The  International  headquarters  are  at  101  Victoria  Street,  London,  England.  Its  world-wide  opera- 
tions are  carried  on  in  .M  countries  and  colonies,  embracing  7,316  po-ts,  iinder  the  cliarge  of 
20,054  officers  and  employes,  wit li  45,339  local  officers,  17,099  brass  bandsmen,  and  about  50.000 
musicians.  63  periodica's  are  publislied  in  24  languages,  with  a  weekly  circulation  of  aboiu 
1,207,223.  There  are  668  Social  Relief  Institutions  in  the  world, under  the  charge  of  nearly  3,000 
officers  aud  employes.  About  7,000  fallen  women  annually  pass  througli  the  116  rescue  liomos,  and 
from  80  to  90  per  cent,  of  these  are  permanently  restored  to  lives  of  virtue.  There  are  132  slum 
settlements  in  tlie  slum  districts  of  great  cities,  tlie  worst  dives,  saloons,  and  tenements  being  regu- 
larly visited.  The  number  of  annual  conversions  in  connection  with  the  spiritual  work  has  averaged 
from  200,000  to  250,000  during  the  past  ten  years,  making  a  total  of  over  2,000,000,  of  whom  not 
less  than  200,000  were  converted  from  lives  of  drunkenness. 

The  real  estate  owned  by  tlie  Army  amounts  to  about  $1,500,000,  its  personal  property  over 
$400, 000,  and  its  annual  trade  turnover  to  more  than  §200,000.  The  Salvation  Army  is  incorporated 
in  the  State  of  New  York.  For  the  developments  of  its  trade  a  specialincorporation  has  been  formed, 
the  Reliance  Trading  Company,  while  the  Salvation  Army  Industrial  Homes  Company  has  been 
incorporated  for  the  extension  of  its  rapidly  growing  industrial  homes  for  the  unemployed.  Training 
colleges  for  cadets  have  been  established  for  the  training  of  officers  in  New  York  and  Chicago,  with 
a  small  branch  in  San  Francisco. 

The  headquarters  of  the  Salvation  Army  in  America  are  at  120  West  Fourteenth  Street,  New 
York  City,  where  information  may  be  obtained. 


K\)t  Uoluntccris  of  America* 


The  following  statement  of  the  purposes  of  the  position  and  this  organization  has  been  prepared 
for  The  World  Almax.\c  in  the  o!Hce  of  Gen.  Ballington  Booth: 

This  organization  is  a  philanthropic,  social,  and  religious  movement.  It  was  inaugurated  by 
Gen  and  Mrs.  Ballins^ton  Bootli,  in  March,  1896,  and  incorporated  :p^ovember  6,  1896,  in  response 
to  a  number  of  requests  on  the  part  of  American  citizens.  It  is  organized  in  military  style,  having  as 
its  model  the  L'nited  States  Army,  hut  in  conjunctien  with  military  discipline  and  methods  of  work 
it  possesses  a  thoroughly  democratic  form  of  government,  having  a  constitution,  and  its  by-laws 
being  framed  by  a  Grand  Field  Council  that  meets  annually  and  is  thorouglily  representative.  Though 
only  eleven  years  old  the  Volunteers  have  representatives  and  branches  of  their  benevolent  work  in 
almost  all  the  principal  cities  of  the  United  States,  Its  field  is  divided  into  regiments  or  sections, 
which  come  under  the  control  and  oversight  of  thirty  principal  staff  officers,  its  chief  centres  being 
New  York,  Philadelphia,  Boston,  Pittsburgh,  Denver,  Chicago,  Indianapolis,  Cleveland,  and  San 
Francisco.  It  ha-s  philanthropic  institutions  in  Chicaeo,  Joliet,  Austin,  Fort  Dodge,  Kansas  City, 
Pueblo,  Boston,  Lynn,  :Malden,  Mintieapolis,  Erie,  Pittsburgh,  Buffalo,  Newcastle,  Philadelphia, 
Newark,  Orangeburg,  NewYorK  City  and  other  centres. 

In  addition  to  the  Volunteer  reading  rooms,  thousands  of  copies  of  Christian  literature  are 
circulated  in  state  prisons,  jails,  hospitals,  soldiers'  homes,  and  children's  homes.  In  connection 
with  the  Volunteers,  there  are  also  sewing  classes;  hospital  nurses;  temporary  financial  relief 
departments;  boys'  fresh-air  camps;  Thanksgiving  and  Christmas  diuners,  and  many  other  worthy 
undertakings. 

EJe  Ideational  ^Spiritualists'  ^.ssoctation 

OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AIMERICA. 

President  Warxe  makes  the  following  statement  regarding  this  Association  r 

Organized  September  28,  1893;  incorporated  November  1,  1893,  at  Washington,  B.C.  Objects: 
The  objects  of  said  Association  shall  be  the  organization  of  the  various  Spiritualist  Societies  of  the 
United  States  into  one  general  association  for  the  purpose  of  mutual  aid  and  co-operation  in  benevo- 
lent, charitable,  educational,  literary,  mu.sical,  scientific,  religious,  and  missionary  purposes  and 
enterprises  germane  to  the  phenomei'ia,  science,  philosopliy,  and  religion  of  spiritual.sm, 

Numbpiof  societies  in  the  United  States,  434;  State  associations, 22;  csftnp  meeting  associations, 
32;  academy  for  liberal  education,  1;  churches  and  temples,  120;  membership  of  avowed 
spiritualises,  75,000;  unidentified  with  organized  societies,  but  believers  in  tiie  philosophy  and 
phenomena,  and  frequent  attendants  upon  public  services,  1,500,000  to  2,000.000.  A  host  of  people 
from  every  walk  in  life,  impossible  of  exact  enimeration,  are  investigating  ps.vchic  truths  through 
mediums.  >;umber  of  public  mediums,  1,500;  private  mediums,  many  thousands;  ordained 
ministers,  370;  total  valuation  of  church,  temple,  and  camp  meeting  property,  $2,000,000. 

Officersfor  the  year  ending  in  October,  190S:  Dr.  George  B.  Warne,  4203  Evans  Ave.,  Chicago, 
President;  Charles  Schirm,  Baltimore,  Vice-President;  George  W.  Kates,  Washington.  D.  C. , 
Secretary;  OivssiusL.  Stevens,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Treasurer;  Illtvd  C.  I.  E%'ans.  Washington,  D.  C.  ; 
Mrs.  Mary  T.  Longley,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  .1.  S.  Maxwell,  iNCinneapolis,  Minn.  ;  Miss  Elizabeth 
Harlow,  Haydenville.  Ma.ss. ;  A.  W.  Belden,  San  Diego.  Cal. ,  Trustees. 

Ilqadquacters  of  National  Spiritualist-?'  Association,  600  Pen nsvlvania  Ave. ,  Washington,  D.  C. 
The  Sixteenth  Annual  Convention  of  the  Natjorjal  Spiritualists'  Associutioa  will  be  held  ig 
Indianapolis,  Jnd. ,  iu  October,  1908, 


American  Sunday- School    Union.  581 


^f)e  Urtranta  .Societp. 


The  following  statement  of  the  purposes  of  tliis  Society  lias  been  prepared  by  the  Secretary,  Mrs. 
E.  P.  Cap  : 

The  Vedanta  Society  of  New  York  was  established  in  1884  by  Swami  Vivekananda  of  Ttidia, 
delegate  to  the  Parliament  of  Religions  at  Chicago,  and  was  reguiiarly  incorporated  in  1898  by  Swami 
Abijedananda,now  at  ils  head.  The  object  of  the  Society  is  not  to  form  a  new  sect  or  creed,  or  to 
make  proselytes,  but  to  explain  througli  logic  and  reason  the  spiritual  laws  that  govern  our  lives;  to 
show  that  the  True  fleligion  of  the  Soul  is  not  antagonistic  to,  but  in  harmony  with,  philosophy  and 
science;  to  establish  that  Universal  Religion  which  underlies  all  the  various  sects  and  creeds  of 
special  religions;  to  propagate  the  principles  taught  by  great  seers  of  Truth  and  religious  leaders  of 
dKTerent  countries  and  illustrated  by  their  lives;  aud  to  help  mankind  in  the  practical  application  of 
those  principles  in  their  spiritual,  moral,  intellectual  and  physical  needs. 

Th<-  present  headquarters  of  the  Society  with  its  Circulating  Librarj',  Reading  Room  and  Chapel, 
are  at  135  West  P^ightieth  Street,  New  York  City.  Here  throughout  the  Winter  season  a  service 
with  lecture  by  Swami  Abhedananda  is  held  every  Sunday  morning  at  11,  and  a  class  lecture 
on  Tuesday  evening  at  8.  There  are  Yogo  classes  for  practical  training  in  the  Science  of  Breath- 
ing, in  Concentration,  Meditation  and  Self-Control  every  Tlnu-sdaj'  evening  at  8,  and  on  Saturday 
morning  at  10.30.  Besides  these  there  is  also  a  correspondence  class  for  non-resident  members 
in  which  the  same  instructions  are  given  in  writing  by  the  Swami.  A  n  associate  membership  exists 
.for  those  who  do  not  wish  regular  instruction  but  who  desire  to  be  affiliated  with  the  Society.  Among 
the  honorary  members  are  Rev.  R.  Heber  Newton,  IX  D.,  Charles  R.  Lanman,  Ph.  D.,  Lf..  D. , 
Professor  of  Sanskrit  at  Harvard  University;  Hiram  Corson,  A.M.,  LL.D.  ,Litt.  D.,  Professor  of 
En-rlish  Literature  Emeritus  at  Cornell  University. 

The  otKcers  of  the  Society  are:  P/r,si<?«»<— Professor  Herschel  C.  Parker.  Ftce-Presideni— Stans- 
bury  Hagar.    Secretary— "MLrii.  Kmily  Palmer  Cape.     fTyeaNUj-fr— E.  Kissam.' 

The  Society  has  a  large  publishing  department  and  issues  a  catalogue  containing  nearly  forty  titles 
of  works  on  the  Philnsophv  and  Religion  of  Vedanta.  Within  the  last  five  years  it  has  sent  out  from 
its  headquarters  39,876  books  and  pamphlets  written  bySwamis  of  India.  It  also  issues  a  monthly 
Bulletin.  The  Vedanta  Society  of  New  York  has  a  Summer  school  called  the"  Vedanta  Ashrama." 
It  issituatedin  West  Cornwall, C't.,  onafarmof  250acres.  There  are  also  centres  in  San  Francisco 
and  Los  Angeles,  besides  a  Peace  Retreat  in  the  mountains  of  Santa  Clara  County,  Cal.  These 
organizations  in  America  are  affiliated  with  hundreds  of  Vedanta  Societies  throughout  India  and 
Ceylon. 


OT}0  ILattrr^IIias  faints. 


The  Mormons,  or  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter- Day  Saints,  were  organized  April  6,  1830, 
with  six  members,  by  Joseph  Smith,  at  Fayette,  Seneca  County,  N.  Y.  After  being  driven  by  mobs 
from  various  places  in  Missouri,  Ohio,  and  Illinois,  they  settled  at  Great  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  under  the 
leadership  of  Hrighara  Young,  in  1847.  The  total  church  membership  is  300,000,  and  the  number 
of  elders,  1,700.    The  present  First  President  of  the  Church  is  Joseph  Fielding  Smith. 

The  following  statement  of  the  doctrines  of  theCliurch  was  Issued  with  the  approval  of  Prophet 
Joseph  Smith: 

1 .  We  believe  in  f!od,  the  Eternal  Father,  and  in  his  Son,  Jeans  Christ,  and  in  the  Holy  Ghost. 

2.  AVe  l)elieve  that  mt-n  will  be  punished  for  th.ir  own  sins,  and  not  for  Adam's  fransiression. 

3.  We  believe  t.'uit  through  the  atonement  of  Christ  nil  mankind  may  be  saved,  by  obedience  to  the  laws  and  ordinances  o'f 
tiie  Gospel. 

4.  We  believe  th'it  these  ordinances  are  :  First,  Faith  in  the  Lord  .Tesus  Christ ;  second.  Repentance;  third,  Baptism  by 
imm-rsion  for  the  remission  of  sins  ;  fourth,  Layi?ig  on  of  hands  for  the  Gift  of  the  HoJy  Ghost. 

5.  We  believe  that  a  man  mnst  be  ealled  of  God,  by  "  Prophecy,  .ind  by  the  laying  on  of  hands,"  by  those  who  are  in 
authority  to  jireach  the  Gospel  and  administer  in  the  ordinances  thereof. 

6.  We  believe  in  the  same  organization  that  existed  in  the  Primitive  Church,  viz. :  Apostles,  prophets,  pastors,  teachers, 
evangelists,  et . 

7.  We  believe  in  the  gift  of  tongues,  prophecy,  revelation,  visions,  healing.  Interpretation  of  tongues,  etc. 

8.  We  helieve  the  Bible  to  be  the  word  or  God,  as  far  as  it  is  translated  correctly  ;  we  also  believe  the  Book  of  Mormon  to 
be  the  word  oK  (iod. 

9.  VVe  believe  ail  that  God  has  revealed,  all  that  He  does  now  reveal,  and  we  believe  that  He  will  yet  reveal  many  great 
and  important  th  ngs  i]ertaining  to  the  Kingdom  of  God. 

lu.  We  believe  in  the  literal  gatliering  of  Israel  and  in  the  restoration  of  the  Ten  Tribes  ;  that  Zion  will  iie  built  upon  this 
continent;  that  C  iris'  will  reign  personally  npon  the  earth,  and  that  the  earth  nill  be  renewed  and  receive  its  paradisic  glory. 

11.  We  claim  the  jirivilege  of  worshiping  Almi'.rhty  God  according  to  the  dictates  of  our  conscience,  and  allow  all  men  the 
same  privilege,  let  th  m  worship  ho-.v,  where  or  what  tliey  may. 

12.  We  lielieve  in  bdnjj  subject  to  kinjs,  presid  nts,  rulers,  and  ma;?istrates,  in  obeying,  honoring,  and  sustainin'.;  the  Jaw. 
1?,.     We  believe  in  being  honest,  true,  chaste,  benevolent,  virtuous,  and  in  d^ing  good  to  all  men  ;  indeed,  we  may  say  that 

Tre  follow  the  admonition  of  Paul.  "  We  believe  all  things,  we  hope  all  things,"  we  liave  endured  many  things,  and  hope  to  be 
able  to  endure  all  things.  If  tnere  is  anything  virtuous,  lovely,  or  of  good  report,  or  praiseworlhv,  we  s«ek  after  thes.-  things. 
The  Reorganized  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter-  Day  Saints  is  a  separate  body,  having  its  head- 
quarters at  Lamoni,  Iowa.  It  was  organized  in  1851.  and  is  presided  over  by  Joseph  Smith.  Inde- 
pendence, Mo.,  son  of  the  Prophet.  Its  enrolled  hiembership  is  52,000,aud  it  has  800  active 
ministers,  and  a  Sunday  School  membership  of  21,000.  The  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ,  braucli  is  at  Prospect 
Place  and  Hopkiuson  Avenue.    George  Potts,  Pastor. 

American  Sttntrag^<Sdjool  Wiwinn. 

The  American  Sunday-School  Union  is  the  olTspring  of  the  old  First  Day  Society,  which  was 
founded  in  Philadelphia  in  1/91.  In  1817  this  organization  became  the  Philadelphia  Sunday  and 
Adult  School  Union,  and  in  1824  it  assumed  its  present  title.  Its  objects  are  to  "concentrate  the 
efforts  of  Sabbath-school  societies  in  different  portions  of  our  country  to  disseminate  useful  informa- 
tion; to  circulate  moral  and  religious  publications  in  every  part  of  the  land,  and  endeavor  to  plant  a 
Sundaj'-School  wherever   there  is  a  population." 

Some  idea  of  the  Society's  work  and  growth  may  be  obtained  from  the  following  facts:  The  Phila- 
delphia Union  began  with  one  juvenile  book  in  1817,  and  with  one  missionary  In  1821.  Now  the 
American  Sunday-School  Union's  publications  are  numbered  by  the  thousands,  and  it  has  distribtiied 
over  $10,000,000  worth  of  religious  literature;  it  maintains  more  than  150  permanent  missionaries 
and  it  has  organized  an  average  of  more  than  1,300  new  Sabliath-schools  a  j'ear— nearly  four  a  day 
lor  every  dav  of  the  last  eighty  y— ir^.  Its  pr'seit  (iffi  jers  are:  i*c^s/de/(/— Morris  K.  Jesup. 
Vice-Prexidents—iohn  H.  Converse,  William  N.  Ashman  and  Isaac  Sharpless.  Recording  Secret, iri/^ 
J.  H-  Audrews,  Th§  l)iead(juarters  of  the  Society  are  at  No.  181«CUestuut  Street,  PUiladelphi^,  I'a, 


582      Tlie  Order  of  the  Founders  and  Patriots  of  America. 

cSocictP  of  l^a^Eotocc  Btsceutrauts, 

The  Society  of  Mayflower  Descendants  was  organized  in  tlie  City  of  New  York  December  22, 
1894,  bv  lineal  descendants  of  the  Maj^flower  pilgrims,  "to  preserve  their  memory,  their  records, 
their  history,  and  all  facts  relating  to  them,  their  ancestors,  and  tlieir  posterity.  "  Ever.y  lineal  de- 
scendant over  eighteen  years  of  age,  male  or  female,  of  any  passenger  of  the  voyage  of  the  May- 
flower, which  terminated  at  Plymouth,  Mass. ,  December,  1620,  including  all  signers  of  "The  Com- 
pact," are  eligible  to  membership.  The  initiation  fee  is  $10  and  the  annual  dues  are  $5.  The  annual 
meeting  is  held  November  21,  the  annivei-sary  of  the  signing  of  "The  Compact.  "  Societies  have 
been  organized  ill  New  York.  Connecticut,  Massachuserts,  Pennsylvania,  Illinois,  District  of  Columbia, 
Oliio,  New  Jersey,  Wisconsin,  Rhode  Island,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  and  Maine.  Tlie  officers  of  the 
Ceneral  Society  are:  Oovernor- General,  Samuel  B.  Capen;  Deputy  Qovernont-Gnirnd^  Ridiard 
Henrv  Greene,  Charles  E.  (xross,  Francis  Olcott  Allen,  James  Nevins  Hyde,  William  Lovvrey  Marsli, 
William  Howard  Doane,  Rev.  Charles  A.  Brewster,  John  W.  P.  Lombard,  George  Corlis  Nightingale, 
Paul  A.  L.  Doty.  William  D.  Washburn,  John  Fremont  Hill;  Secretany- (reneral ,  Ashbel  P.  Fitch,  Jr., 
32  Nassau  street,  New  York;  Ti-ecwinrer-Oejirraly  James  M.  Rhodes;  Hisloricm-Oeueral^KAwavdW. 
Wliorf;  Elder- Gmeral,  B.e\.  .lohn  lje\v\B  Ewell;  0/pM/n-ffe>i€?-o;,  Miles  Staudish;  Suraeoa-Geiwral^ 
Dr.  .Abiel  W.  Nelson;  A'^sisfaafs-Genernl,  Howland  Davis,  S.  R.  Thayer,  Prof.  Wilfred  H.  Munro, 
William  Waldo  Hyde,  Walter  M.  Howland,  Theodore  S.  Lazell,  and  George  C.  Mason. 

^l)t  f^ixQUtnot  .:^ociet^  of  America. 

This  Society  was  organized  April  13,  1883,  and  has  its  office  in  New  York  at  No.  105  East 
Twentv-second'str(!et.  President,  Col.  William  Jay;  Fl'ce-P?•e.<;/(^«°»^<!,  George  S.  Bowdoin,  Theodore 
M.  rianta,  Henry  M.  Lester,  A.  T.  Clearwater, Nathaniel  Thayer,Richard  01nej%  William  Ely,  C'ol.  R. 
L.  M-iury,  Herbert  Du  Piiy,  Prof.  Allan  Marquand,  Col.  Henry  A.  Dupont.  Kev.  Robert  Wilson; 
Treasurer,  T.  J.  Oal^ley  Rhinelander;  Secretary,  Mrs.  James  M.  Lawton;  Executive  Co)u:inillee,  the 
oflicers  of  the  society,  the  chairmen  of  the  committees  on  pedigrees,  publication,  library,  and  finance, 
and  Bayard  Dominick,  William  Mitchell,  Charles  Lanier,  Edward  O.  Flagg,  H.  Rieman  Duval; 
Chaplain— Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  J.  H.Darlington.  Descent  from  Huguenot  ancestors  is  the  qualification 
nece-ssary  for  membership.  ; 

^octets  of  <a:olouial  Wiavu* 

Governni-- General— Arthur  J.  C  Sowdon,  Boston.  Vice- Governor- General— 13.ow]sin6.  Pell,  New 
York.  Deputt/  Goveraors-Genej-al-Yor  New  'iork,  Walter  L.  Suydam ;  Pennsjdvania,  Richard  M. 
Cadwalader;  Maryland,  Gen.  Joseph  L.  Brent;  Massachusetts,  Arthur  J.  C.  Sowdon;  Connecticut, 
Bela  Feck  Learned,  Norwich,  Ct. ;  District  of  Columbia,  Thomas  Hyde,  Washington;  New  Jersey, 
Emory  McCliutock;  New  Hampshire,  Prof.  Charles  L.  Parsons;  Vermont,  Robert  Noble;  Ohio, 
Michiiel  Mvere.  Shoemaker;  California,  Spencer  R.  Thorpe;  Iowa,  Samuel  F.  Smith;  Michigan, 
Theodore  H.  Eaton;  Delaware,  William  A.  La  Motte;  Rhode  Island,  George  C.  Nightingale;  Maine, 
Col.  John  M.  Glidden;  Wasliingron.  J.  Kennedy  Stout;  Virginia,  Hon.  Richard  T.  \\  .  Duke,  Jr. ; 
Colorado,  Frank  Trumbull;  Illinois,  John  S.  Sargent ;  Georgia,  John  A.  G.  Carson;  Missouri,  John 
B.  Wright;  Minnesota,  Gen  James  F.  Wade,  U.S.A.;  Kentucky, D.  Linn  Goocb;  Indiana,  Alexander 
F.  Fleet.  Secretary- General— H&muel  V.  Hoffman.  Deputy  Secretary- Genera  I— Gny  Van  Amriiige, 
45  William  Street,  New  York.  Treasurer- General— W m.  Macpherson  Hornor,  Bryn  Mawr.  Pa. 
Registrar-General— Geor^Q  Norbury  Mackenzie,  Baltimore.  Historian- General— Thomai^  PageGrant, 
Louisville,  Kv. ;  Chaplain- General— Rt.  Rev.  William  Lawrence,  Boston.  Surgeon- General— iaxnQS 
G.Mumlord, "Boston.     Chancellor- General— Prof.  Theodore  S.  Woolsey,  New  Haven. 

The  Society  of  Colonial  Wars  was  instituted  in  1892  to  "perpetuate  the  memory  of  the.se  events 
and  of  the  men  who,  in  military,  naval, and  civil  positions  of  high  trust  and  responsibility,  by  their  acts 
or  counsel  assisted  in  the  establishment,  defence,  and  preservation  of  the  Amei'ican  Colonies,  and  were 
in  truth  the  founders  of  this  nation.  With  this  end  in  view  it  seeks  to  collect  and  preseiwe  manu.scripts. 
rolls,  and  records;  to  provide  suitable  commemorations  or  memorials  relating  to  the  American  Colonial 
period,  and  to  inspire  in  its  members  the  paternal  and  patriotic  spirit  of  their  forefathers,  and  in  the 
comraunitv  respect  and  reverence  for  those  whose  public  services  made  our  freedom  and  unity  possi- 
ble. "  Eligibility  is  confined  to  an  adult  male  descendant  of  an  ancestor  who  fought  in  battle  under 
Colonial  authority,  from  the  settlement  of  Jamestown,  Va. ,  in  1607,  to  the  battle  of  Lexington,  in 
1775,  or  who  served  as  Governor,  Deputy-Governor,  Lieutenant-Governor,  Member  of  the  Council,  or 
as  a  military,  naval,  or  marine  officer  in  the  service  of  the  Colonies,  or  under  the  banner  of  Great  Britain, 
or  wa~>  conspicuous  in  militarj',  ufficial,  or  legislative  life  during  tliat  period. 

^Tfjc  a^vXitv  of  tl)c  iFotintrri*s  antr  patriots  of  .America. 

Gox^ernor- General— \Am\r^\ George  Dewey,  U.  S.  N.  , M'ashiiieton,  D.  C.  Deputy  Governor- General— 
Rev.  John  Gaylord  Davenport,  D.  D..  Waterbury.  Ct.  Chaplain- Ge)ieral—Jose\^h  F.  Falsom, 
D  D. ,  Tro.r,  N.  Y.  Secretaru-General—Co\.  Charles  H.  Sherrill.  No.  30  Broad  Street,  New  York. 
Treasitrer- General— WnWRm  Scott  Wadsworth,  M.  D. ,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Attorney- General-FAwnrn 
Lang  Perkins,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Re(jistrar-Ge7iera!—C\a.rence  E.  Leonard,  No.  44  East  Twenty-third 
Street.  New  York.  Genealogist- General— Kdwin  Louis  Ripley,  Bridgeport,  Ct.  Historian- General- 
Gen.  Samuel  F.  Jones,   Biiigliamton,  N.  Y. 

The  Order  was  founded  in  1896,  its  object  being  "to  bring  together  and  associate  congenial  men 
whose  ancestors  struggled  together  for  life  and  liberty,  home  and  happiness,  in  the  land  when  it  was 
anew  and  unknown  country,  and  whose  line  of  descent  from  them  comes  through  patriots  who  sus- 
tained the  Colonie-;  in  the  struggle  for  independence  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  to  teach  reverent 
regard  for  the  names  and  history,  character  and  perspverance,  deeds  and  heroism  of  the  founders  of 
this  country  and  their  patriot  descendants;  to  teach  that  the  purpose  of  the  founders  could  have  had 
no  lasting  result  but  for  their  patriot  sons;  to  inculcate  patriotism;  to  discover,  collect,  and  preserve 
records,  documents,  manuscripts,  monuments,  and  history  relating  to  the  first  colonists  and  their 
ancestors  and  their  descendants,  and  to  commemorate  and  celebrate  evfnts  in  the  history  of  the 
Colonies  and  the  Republic."  Eligibilitv— Any  man  above  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  of  good 
moral-'haracter  and  reputation, and  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  who  is  lineally  descended,  in  the 
male  line  of  either  parent,  from  an  ancestor  who  settled  in  any  of  the  Colonies  now  included  in  the 
United  States  of  America  prior  to  May  13.1657.  and  whose  intermediate  ancestors  in  the  same  line 
during  the  Revolutionarj'  period  adhered  as  patriots  to  the  cause  of  the  Colonies, shall  be  eligible  for 
memb-^i-ship.  There  are  SfHt^>  Societies  in  Nf>w  York.  Connecticut,  N"W  Jei"sey,and  Pen-isylvania. 
•The  (Governor  of  the  New  York  Society  is  Edward  FTagaman  H;ill.  Tribune  Building,  New  YQrfc. 
The  Secretary  is  William  White  Knapp,  No.  289  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York, 


Wars   of  the    tlnited   States. 


583 


2Saars  of  i\)t  Sam'tctr  .States, 

STATEMENT  OF   THE  NUMBER  OF  UNITED  STATES  TIvOOPS  ENGAGED. 


Waes. 


Wiirof  the  Revolution 

Northwestern  Indian  \Vars 

War  with  France 

War  with  Tripoli 

Creek  Indian  War 

War  of  1812  with  Great  Britain. . . . 

Seminole  Indian  War 

Black  Hawk  Indian  Wai* 

Cherokee  disturbance  or  removal.. 
Creek  Indian  War   or  disturbance. 

Florida  Indian  War     

Aroostook  disturbance 

War  with  Mexico 

Apache, Navajo, and  Utali  War.... 

Seminole  Indian  War 

Civil  Wart 

Spanish- American  War 

Philippine  Insurrection 


From- 


Aprill9,1775 
Sept.  19.1790 
July  9,1798 
June  10.1801 
July  27,1813 
June  18.1812 
Nov.  20,1817 
Apriri  1.1831 

1836 
Mav      5, 1836 
Eec.    23,1835 

1836 
April  24,1846 

1849 

1856 

1S61 
April  21,1898 

1899 


April  11, 1783 


Regulars. 


Au 
IfSept. 
I  June 
!  A  ug. 
I  Feb. 

Oct. 

Sept 


3, 1 795 
30.1800 
4,1805 
9,1814 
17,1815 
21,1818 
.  3(t.lb32 
1837 
Sept.  30,183 
Aug.  14,1843 

1839 
July  4,1848 
1855 
1858 
18r,5 
Aug.  12.1898 
1900 


130,711 


600 

85, 000 

1,000 

1,339 

935 

11, 16.» 

30. 954 
1,500 


Militia  and 
Vuluntecrs. 


164,080 


13,181 

471,622 

6,911 

5,126 

9,494 

12,483 

29, 953 
1,500 

73.776 
1,061 
3,687 


Total* 


309,781 

8,983 

t4,593 

t.i,  330 

13,781 

576.622 

7,911 

6.4()5 

9.494 

13.418 

41,122 

1,501) 

112,230 

2,501 

3.687 

2.772,408 

§274,717 

60. 00  J 


•  Including    all    branches    of    the    service,     t  Naval    forces    engaged.     ±  The    number    of 
troops  on  the  Confederate  side  was  about  750,000.     §  Troops  actually  engaged,  about  60,000. 


THE    GREAT    BATTLES    OF    THE    CIVIL    WAR, 
(From   "Regimental   Losses   in   the  American   Civil  War,"   by  William  F.   Fox,    Lieutenant- 
Colonel,    U.    S.    V.) 
As  to  the  loss  in  the  Union  armies,   the  greatest  battles  in  the  war  were: 


Date. 


Battle. 


July  1-3,. 1863 

May  8-18,1864 

May  5-7, 1864 

September  17,  1862..   . 

May  13,  1863 

September  19-20,1863. 

June  1-4,1864 

December  11-14,1862.. 

Au-ust  28-30. 1862 

April  6-7,  1862 

December  31,  1862 

June  15-1^,1864.    ..... 


Gettysburg...^* 

Spottsylvauia 

Wilderness 

Antietam  t 

Chancellorsville 

Chickamauga  

Cold  Harbor , 

Fredericksburg 

Manassjis  t 

Shiloh  

Stone  River  §  

Petersburg  (assault). 


Killed. 


3.070 
2.  T^5 
2,. '246 
2.108 
1,606 
1,656 
1.844 
1,284 
1,747 
1.754 
1,730 
1,688 


Wounded  * 
14,497 

Missing. 

AK;,reg.te. 

5,43  4 

23,001 

13,413 

2.-58 

18, 396 

12,037 

3,383 

17.666 

;».549 

753 

12,410 

9.762 

5.919 

17.287 

9,74. » 

4,774 

16,179 

9,077 

1.816 

12,737    . 

9.600 

1,769 

12.653 

8, 452 

4.  263 

14,462 

8.408 

2.855 

13.047 

7.802 

3.717 

13,249 

8.513 

1,1   5 

11,386 

*  Wounded  in  these  and   the  following  returns  includes  mortally  wounded. 

t  Not  including  South  Mountain  or  Crampton's  Gap. 

$  Including  Chantilly,   Rappahannock,   Bristol   Station,  and  Bull  Run  Bridge. 

§  Including  Knob  Gap  and  losses  on  January  1  and  2,   1S63. 

The  Union  losses  at  Bull  Run  (first  Manassas)  July  21,  1801,  were:  Killed,  470; 
wounded,   1.071;  captured  and  missing,   1,793;  aggregate,  3,334. 

The  Confederate  losses  in  particular  engagements  were  as  follows:  Bull  Run  (first 
Manassas),  July  21,  18G1.  killed,  3S7;  wounded,  1.582;  captured  and  missing,  13;  aggregate, 
1,982.  Port  Donelson,  Tenn.,  February  14-16,  1862,  killed,  466;  wounded,  1,534;  captured 
and  missing,  13,829;  aggregate,  15,829.  Shiloh,  Tenn.,  April  6-7,  1862,  killed,  1,723; 
wounded.  8,012;  captured  and  missing,  959;  aggregate,  10,094.  Seven  Days'  Battle,  Virginia, 
June  25-July  1,  1862.  killed.  3,478;  wounded,  10,261;  captured  and  missing,  875;  aggregate, 
20.614.  Second  Manassas,  August  21-September  2.  1862,  killed,  1,481;  wounded  and  missin.g, 
7,627;  captured  and  missing,  89;  aggregate,  9.197.  Antietam  campaign,  September  12-20, 
1862,  killed.  1,886;  wounded,  9, .'548;  captured  and  missing,  1,367;  aggregate,  12,601. 
Fredericksburg,  December  13.  18G2,  killed,  596;  wounded,  4,068;  captured  and  missing, 
651;  aggregate,  5,315.  Stone  River,  Tenn.,  December  31,  1SG2,  killed.  1,294;  wounded,  7.945; 
captured  and  missing,  1,027;  aggregate,  10,266.  Chancellorsville.  May  1-4,  1863,  killed. 
1,665;  wounded,  9,081;  captured  and  missing,  2,018;  aggregate,  12,764.  Gettysburg,  July 
1-3,  1863,  killed.  2,592;  wounded,  12,706;  captured  and  missing,  5,150;  aggregate,  20,448. 
Chickamauga.  September  19-20,  1863,  killed,  2,268;  wounded,  13,613;  captured  and  missing. 
1,090;    aggregate,    16,971. 

Gettysburg  was  the  greatest  battle  of  the  war.  Antietam  the  bloodiest.  The  largest 
army  was  assembled  by  the  Confederates  at  the  seven  days'  fight;  by  the  Unionists  at 
the   Wilderness. 


The  number  of  casualties  in  the  volunteer  and  regular  armies  of  the  United  States, 
during  the  war  of  18G1-G5,  according  to  a  statement  prepared  by  the  Adjutant-General's 
office,  was  as  follows:  Killed  in  battle,  67,058;  died  of  wounds,  43,012;  died  of  disease. 
199.720;  other  causes,  such  as  accidents,  murder,  Confedei-ate  pri.sons,  etc.,  40,154;  total 
died.  349,944;  total  deserted,  199,105.  Number  of  soldiers  in  the  Confederate  service  who 
died  of  wounds  or  disease  (partial  statement).  133,821;  deserted  (partial  statement), 
104,428.  Number  of  United  States  troops  captured  during  the  war.  212. GOS;  Confederate 
troops  captured,  476.169.  Number  of  United  States  troops  paroled  on  the  field,  16,431; 
Confederate  troops  paroled  on  the  field,  248,599.  Number  of  United  States  troops  who  died 
While  prisoners,   30,156;   Confederate  troops  who  died  while  prisoners,   30,152. 


BU 


Society/  of  the  Cincinnati, 


ocict^  of  tijc  (Kinciunatu 


For  convenience. 


GENEBAIi  OFFICERS. 

Fh-esident-  General Hon.  Winslow  Warren.  Mass. 

Vice- President- General Hon.  .Tames  Simons,  LL.l). .  S.  C. 

Secretary- General Hon.  Asa  Bird  Gardiner,  LL.  D. ,  Ii.H.Di.,  R.L 

Anxiatant  Sec.rftary-General (Vacant. ) 

Ti-easurer- General Mr.  Francis  Marinus  Caldwell,  Pa. 

AssixtmU  Ib-easnrer- General Mr.  Charle.s  Isbam,  New  York. 

The  historic  and  patriotic  Order  of  the  Cincinnati  \v:is  founded  by  the 
American  and  French  ofticers  at  the  cantonments  of  tlie  Continental  army  on 
the  Hudson  at  the  close  of  hostilities  in  the  Warof  the  Revolution  for  American 
Independence,  May  10.  1783. 

In  forming  the  society  ii  wa.s  declared  that,  "To  perpetuate,  therefore,  as 
well  the  remembrance  of  this  vast  event  as  the  mutual  friendships  which  have 
been  formed  under  the  pressure  of  common  danger,  and,  in  many  instances, 
cemented  by  the  blood  of  the  parties,  the  officers  of  the  American  army  do 
hereljy.  in  the  most  solemn  manner,  associate,  constitute,  and  combine  fheni- 
selves"  into  one  Society  of  Friends,  to  endure  as  long  a.s  they  shall  endure,  or  any 
of  their  eldest  male  "posterity,  and  in  failure  thereof  the  collateral  branches 
who  may  be  jtidged  worthy  of  becoming  its  supporters  and  inembers.  "• 
thirteen  State  societies  were  formed,   and  one  in  France,   under   the   direct 

Eatronageof  Louis  XVf.     Upon  the  roll  of  original  members  appeared  the  names  of  all  the  great 
istoric  military  and  naval  characters  of  the  Revolution,  and  upon  the  roll- of  honorary  members, 
elected  for  their  own  lives  only,  appeared  many  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

THE  RIGHT  TO  MEMBER.SHIP. 

All  Continental  ofUcers  who  had  served  with  honor  and  resigned  after  three  years'  service  as 
officers,  or  who  liad  been  rendered  supernumerary  and  honorably  discharged,  in  one  of  the  several 
reductions  of  the  American  army,  or  who  had  continued  to  the  end'  of  the  war,  and  all  French  olticers 
who  had  served  in  t  lie  co-operating  army  under  Count  d'Estaing,  or  auxiliary  army  under  Count  de 
Rochambeau,  and  held  or  attained  the  rank  of  colonel  for  such  sei-vices.  or  who  had  commanded  a 
French  fleet  or  ship  of  war  on  the  American  coa.st.  were  entitled  to  become  original  members,  and 
upon  doing  so  were  required  to  contribute  a  month's  paj'. 

STATE  SOCIETIE^^ 

The  Cincinnati  is  organically  one  society  in  membership,  but  for  convenience  in  admission  of 
members  and  in  iis  charitable  and  patriotic" objects  is  subdivided  into  state  societies,   there  beiiii^ 
thirteen,  and  the  one  in  France,  which  was    dispersed  at  the  Reign  of  Terror  in  17U3,  but  is  being- 
re-established.  Four  dormant  societies  were  restored  to  membei"ship  at  the  triennial  meeting  of  19f'2. 

Membership  descends  to  the  eldest  lineal  male  descendant,  if  judged  worth}',  and,  in  failure  of 
direct  male  descent,  to  inale  descendants  through  intervening  female  descendants. 

The  general  society  when  legislating  for  the  good  of  the  Order  is  composed  of  the  general  officers 
and  five  delegates  from  each  State  society,  and  meets  triennially.  In  1854  it  ruled  that  proper 
descendants  of  Revolutionarv  officers  who  were  entitled  to  original  membei-ship,  but  who  never  could 
avail  themselves  of  it,  are  qualified  for  hereditary  membership,  if  found  worthy,  on  due  application. 

GENERAL  OFFICERS  SINCE  ORGANIZATION. 

The  following  have  been  the  principal  general  officers: 

PRESIDENTS-  GENERAL. 


1783.. Gen.  George  Washington,  LL.  B. ,  Va. 
1800..Major;Geu.   Alexander  Hamilton,  LiL.D. , 

1805.. Major-Gen.  Charles  Cotesvvorth  Pinckney, 

Lf^.  D. ,  S.  C. 
1825.  .Major- Gen.  Thomas  Pincknev,  A.  M. ,  S.  C. 
1829.. Major-Gen.  Aaron  Ogdeu,  LL.  D. ,  N.  J. 


1839. Major-Gen.  Morgan  Lewis,  A.M.,  N.  Y. 
1844.. Brevet  Major  William  Popham,  N.  Y. 
1848.. Brig. -Gen.     H.  A.     Scammell    Dearborn, 

1854.. Hon.  Hamilton  Fish,  LL.D.,  N.  Y. 
1896.. Hon.  William  Wavne,  A.M.,  Pa 
1902.. Hon.  Winslow  Warren,  A  M. ,  Mass. 


VICE-  PRESIDENTS-  GENERAL,. 


1784.. Major- Gen. 
1787.  .jNfajor-Gen. 
1799 .  .Major-Gen. 

X.   Y. 
lS00..:^raj()r-Gen. 

LL.  D. ,  S. 
1805. Major-Gen 


Horatio  Gates,  LL.  T>. ,  Va. 
Thomas  Milfiin,  A.  ^L  ,  Pa. 
Alexander  Hamilton,  LL.  D. 


1839.  .Major  the  Hon.  William  Shute,  N.  J. 
1844.. Hon.  Horace  Bimiev,  LL.l).,  PiU 
1848.. Hon.  Hamilton  Fi.sh,  LL.  D. ,  N.  Y. 
1854.  .Hon.  Charles  Stewart  Davies,LL.  D. ,  Mass. 
1866. Mr.  James  Warren  Sever,  A.M.,  Mass. 
1872. Hon.  .Tames  Siinons,  A.M.,  S.  C. 
1881.. William  Armstrong  Ii-vine,  M.  D. ,  Pa. 
1887  .Hon.  Robert  Milligan  McLane,  Md. 
1896.. Hon.  Winslow  Warren,  A.M.,  Mass. 
1902.  .Hon.  James  Simons,  Jr. ,  LL.D.,  S.  C. 


Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney, 

C. 

Henrv  Knox,  A.  M. ,  Mass. 
ISll.  Brig. -Gen.  John  Brooks.  M.  I)..  LL.D. , Mass. 
ISJ."}.  .Miijor-Gen.  Aaron  O-rden,  LL.D.,  N.  .T. 
1829.. Major-Gen.  Morgan  Lewis,  A.  M. ,  N.  V. 

SECRETARIES-GENERAL.  -. .    ' 

1783.. Major-Gen.  Henrj*  TCnox,  A.  M  ,  Mass.  1857. Mr.  Thomas  McFwen,  A.M.,  M.  D. ,  Pa. 

1799..  Major  the  Hon.  William  Jackson,  Pa.  1875.. 3Ir.  George  Wa.shiiigton  Harris,  Pa. 

1829.  .Mr.  Alexander  W.  Johnston,  Pa.  1884.  .Hon.  Asa  Bird  Gardiner,  LL  IX.L.H.  D.,R.I. 

The  last  triennial  meeting  of  the  general  society  was  held  at  Richmond,  Va. ,  ih  May,  1905.  The 
next  triennial  nieeting  will  be  held  at  t'harleston,  S.  C.  ,in  April.  1908. 

The  office  of  the  Secretary-General  is  at  24  Stone  Street,  New  York  City.; 

The  nu'nberof  living  members  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  as  reported  at  the  triennial  meet- 
ing .May,  1905,  is  848.  I'he  limited  list  of  honorary  members  of  the  Order  includes  President  Roose- 
velt, ex- ['resident  Cleveland,  Admiral  Dewey,  aiui  Lieut. -General  Miles,  who  were  admitted  by  the 
New  York  state  Societj'.and  ex- President  Ijoubet  of  France,  who  was  admitted  by  the  Rhode  Island 
State  societj-.  The  lato  President  McKinley  and  the  late  ex- President  Harri.son  were  admitted  by 
the  Pennsylvania  State  Society.  President  James  Monroe  was  an  original  member  like  Washington, 
ftud  Presideai  Pierce  was  an  hereditary  memberf 


Aztec  Club  of  1847. 


585 


SOCIETY   OF  THE  CINCINNATI— Con<m?f«Z. 


The  following  are  the  presidents,  vice- presidents,  and  secretaries  of  the  several  State  societies: 


NewHampshire 
Miissachiiselts . 
Rhode  Island.. 

Connecticut 

New  York 

NewJei-sey 

Pennsylvania  .. 

J'elaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

Noith  Carolina. 
South  Carolina. 
Georgia 


I'residpius. 


Vice-Presidents. 


.Jotin  Gardner  Gilnian 

Win.slow  Warren 

Asa  Bird  Gardiner  

George  Bliss  San  ford 

Talbot  (Jlyphaut 

Frank  Lundoa  Humphreys. 

Richard  Dalt -. 

John  Patten  Wales 

Oswald  Tiluhnian 

Windham  R.  Meredith 

Wilson  Gray  Lamb  

.lames  Simons 

Walter  (4ia.sco  Charlton.    . . . 


John  HarveyTreat 

Thornton  K.  Lothrop^ 

Charles  Wurten  Lippilt 

Hen ry  L.  Abbott 

Francis  Key  Pendleton 

Franklin  D.  Howell 

Francis  Marinus  Caldwell. . . 

Leighton  Coleman 

Henry  Randall  Webb 

William  Gordon  IMcCabe... 

John  Collins  Daves.. 

Daniel  E.  Hnger  Smith 

William  Hall  Milton 


Secretiiries. 


Fred'k  Bacon  Philbrook. 

David  Greene  Ha.skius. 

George  W.  Olney. 

Morris  Woodrud  Seymour, 

Francis  Bnrrall  HolFman. 

W.  T.  B.  S.   Imlay. 

W.  Macphersou  Hornor. 

John  O.  Piatt. 

Thomas  E.  Sears. 

Heth  Lorton. 

Charles  Lukens  Davis. 

Henry  M.  Tucker, Jr. 

George  Noble  Jones. 


onu  of  tijc  3^rbolutioiu 


General  I^-esidenf—'Ex-Gov.  John  Lee  Carroll,  Md. 
General  Vice-J^esitleni—Gnrren  D,  \V.  Vroom,  N.J, 
Secoiul  General  Vice-Presideiit—W.  G.  Harvey,  S.  C. 
General  Treasurer— Ji.  M.  Cadwpiader,  Pa, 
Assistant  General  Treasure!-— Henry  Cadle,  Mo 
The  society  of  the 


General  Secretary— 3 .  M.  Montgomery,  N.  Y. 
Assistant  General  Secretary— Wm.  H.  Harris,  Md. 
General  Iiegistra7-—\Va\teT  GUmem  Page,  Mass. 
General  Historian— 'H.O.  Collins.  CaL 
General  Chaplain— Rey.  Thos.E.Green,D.D.,Iowa. 

Sonsof  the  Revolution  "  was  originated  in  New  York  in  1875  by  John  Austin 
Stevens,  in  conjunction  with  other  patriotic  gentlemen  of  Revolutionary  ancestry.  The  New  York 
Society*  was  instituted  February  22,  1876;  reorganized  December  3,  1883,  and  incorporated  May  3, 
1884,  to  "keep  alive  among  ourselves  and  our  descendants  the  patriotic  spirit  of  the  men  who,  in 
military,  naval,  or  civil  service,  by  their  acts  or  counsel,  achieved  American  independence;  to  collect 
and  secure  for  preservation  the  manu.script  rolls,  records,  and  other  documents  relating  to  tlie  War  of 
the  Revolution,  and  to  promote  intercourse  and  good  feeling  among  its  members  now  and  hereafter. ' ' 
Eligibility  to  membership  is  confined  to  male  descendants,  above  the  age  of  twenty-one  jears,  from  an 
auce.stor  who  a.s  either  a'military,  naval,  or  marine  officer,  soldier,  sailor,  or  marine,  or  otlicial  in  tlie 
service  of  any  one  of  the  thirteen  original  Colonies  or  States,  or  of  the  National  Government,  represent- 

ng  American  independence  during  the 

n  hostilities  commenced,  and  thelOtii 
next  triennial  meeting  of  the  genei-al 
society  will  be  held  in  the  City  of  Washington,  April  19.  1908. 

The  officers  of  the  New  York  Society  Sons  of  the  Revolution  are  as  follows  :  Ih-esident— 
Edmund  Wetmore.  Vice-Presidents— JXohert  Olyphaut,  Joseph  Tompkins  Low,  William  (Graves  Bates. 
Secretary— Henry  Russell  Drowiie,  146  Broadway.  Treasurer— Arthur  Melvin  Hatch.  Hegislrar— 
Prof.  Henry  Phelps  Johnston.     C/(«;;/a/n— Rev.  Morgan  Dix. 

There  are  thirty  State  societies  and  a  society  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  aggregate  member- 
sliip  is  7,560,  that  of  the  New  York  Society  being  over  2, 000,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Society  over  l,00O. 


)Ons^of  ti)t  ^mrin'can  Bcbohttion^ 


JPresidenf- General— "Sehon  A.  McClary,  111. 
Vice-Pi'es.-Gen.—Truen\nnii.  Averj^N.  Y. 
yice- I*)-es.- Gen.— 'Pe]hiim  W.  Ames,  Cal. 
Vice-Pres.-Gen.—Julmn  W.  Whiting,  Ala. 
Vice- P)-es.  -  Gen. —Clar^fion  N.Guyer,  Col. 


7^-ea~nirer- General— '\\'Ul]an^  Secor,  Towa. 
Jiefjisfrar-  General  and  Secretary-  General— A.  How- 
ard Clark,  D.  C. 
J{i.stoi-ian-Ge7ieral—W]l\\a.m  F.  Slocum,Col. 
Cfinplain-General—Jiev.J.  Herman  Randall. N.Y. 


The  National  Society  of  '  'Sons  of  the  American  Revolution' '  was  organized  in  New  York  A  pril  30, 
1889,  and  chartered  in  Connecticut  in  1890.  Its  purposes  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  older  organization, 
the  "Sons  of  the  Revolution."  State  societies  exist  in  thirty-eight  States,  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
Hawaii.  A  California  society  of  descendants  of  Revolutionary  patriots,  entitled  "Sons  of  Revolu- 
tionary Sires, "  organized  July  4,  1875,  having  reorganized  and  chansred  its  name  in  1889,  has  been 
admitted  to  membership.  A  formal  movement  bv  this  society  and  the  "Sonsof  the  Revolution" 
toward  a  union  was  attempted  in  1892,  and  again  fn  1897,  but  was  not  successful.  The  total  mem- 
bership of  the  organization  is  about  11 ,000. 

The  New  York  or  Empire  State  Society  was  organized  Februarj'  11,  1890.  The  following  are  the 
oflHcevs:  Pre'Jid^n^— .William  A. Marble.  Serretary-^Minn  Annin  Ames,  239  Broadway,  2sew  Y'ork. 
Registrar— Teums  J).   Huntting.    J£istoria7i—Josisih  C.  Pumpelly. 


^ftCC   OriUt)    of   1847. 

PresiVf6n<— Gen.  Richard  Coulter  Drum,  U.  S.  A.,  Bethe.sda,  Md.  Vice-President— Col.  Augustus 
S.  Nicholson,  U.S.  M.  C,  Hamilton.  Va.  Secrclary-WilUam  M.  Sweenv.  Astoria,  N.  Y.  Treasurer 
—William  Turnbull,  New  York  City.    Vice-Ti-easurer—Kdwiircl  H.  Floyd- Jones,  New  York  City. 

This  society,  originally  composed  of  officers  of  the  United  States  Army  who  served  in  tlie  war  jv-ith 
Mexico,  wa-s  formed  in  the  City  of  Mexico  in  1847,  and  has  been  continued,  ' '  with  a  view  to  cherish 
the  memories  aiid  keep  alive  the  traditions  that  cluster  about  the  names  of  those  officers  who  took 
part  in  the  Mexican  War."  Membership  is  confined  to  officers  of  the  army,  navy,  and  marine  corps 
who  served  in  tlie  war,  or  their  male  blood  relatives.  Each  primary  member  may  nominate  a.s  his 
successor  his  son  or  a  male  blood  relative,  who  during  the  life  of  the  primary  member  is  known  as 
a-ssociate-member,  and  on  the  death  of  the  former  is  entitled,  as  his  representative,  to  full  mem- 
bership.   There  are  200  members.  - 


586  Order  of  Indian    Wars  of  the   United  States. 

<SocictjD  of  ^amman^,  or  ^oliimtJian  <!^ttrcr. 

Grand  <5ac/!€»i— William  Bonrke  Cockran.  Sachems—'Loxxis  F.  Ilaffen,  Daniel  F.  McMahon, 
Daniel  F.  Cohalan,  Joiin  J.  IScannell,  Charles  «F.  Murphy,  Randolph  Guggenheimer,  Maurice 
Featherson,  Asa  Bird  Gardiner,  (leorge  W.  Phinkitt,  Timothy  D.  Sullivan,  John  Fox,  William 
Dal  ton.  >S<fC7'e/a?*2/— Thomas  F.  Smith.  r;easu?-er— Joseph  P.  Day.  Sagamoi-e—'RYya.n  P.  Henry. 
Wiskinkie—^ ohn  A.  Boyle. 

This  organization  was  formed  in  1789,  being  the  effect  of  a  popular  movement  in  New  York, having 
primiirily  in  view  a  counterweight  to  the  so-called  "aristocratic"  Societj'  of  the  Cincinnati.  It  was 
essentially  anti-Federalist  or  democratic  in  its  character,  and  its  chief  founder  was  William  Mooney, 
an  upholsterer  and  a  native-born  American  of  Irish  exti-action.  It  took  its  fii-st  title  from  a  noted, 
ancient,  wise,  and  friendly  chief  of  the  Delaware  tribe  of  Indians,  nained  Tammany,  who  had, for  the 
want  of  a  better  subject,  been  canonized  by  the  soldiers  of  the  Revolution  as  the  American  patron  saint. 
Til e  first  meeting  was  held  May  12,  1789.  The  act  of  incorporation  was  passed  in  1805.  The  Grand 
Sachem  and  thirteen  Sachems  "were  designed  to  typify  the  President  and  the  (Tovernors  of  the  thirteen 
original  States.  William  Mooney  was  the  first  Grand  Sachem.  The  Society  is  nominally  a  charitable 
and  social  organization,  and  is  distjnct  from  the  General  Committee  of  the  Tamman.v  Democracy, 
which  is  a  political  organization,  and  caunot  use  Tammany  Hall  without  the  consent  of  the  Society. 


3fEilitars  ^rtrrr  of  jForcfijn  SSIars* 

THEMilitary  Order  of  Foreign  Wars  of  the  United  States  was  instituted  in  the  Cit3  of  New  York 
December  27,  1894,  by  veterans  and  descendants  of  veterans  of  one  or  more  of  the  five  foreign  wars 
which  the  United  States  had  been  engaged  in,  to  wit:  The  War  of  the  Revolution,  the  War  with 
Tripoli,  the  War  of  1812,  the  Mexican  War,  and  the  War  with  Spain,  "to  perpetuate  tlie  names  and 
memory  of  brave  and  lo.val  men  who  took  part  in  establishing  and  maintaining  the  principles  of  the 
Government"  in  said  wars,  and  "to  preserve  records  and  documents  relating  to  said  wars,  and  to 
celebrate  the  anniversaries  of  historic  events  connected  therewith.  "  Since  the  e.stablishment  of  the 
order  the  United  States  has  fought  its  fifth  foreigir  war.  By  an  amendment  to  the  constitution  all 
.American  o-fficers  who  participated  in  the  W^ar  with  Spain,  or  any  future  foreign  campaign  recognized 
by  the  United  States  government  as  "war,"  are  rendered  eligible  to  membership  as  veteran  com- 
panions. 

Members  are  entitled  "companions."  and  are  either  "veteran  companions"  or  "hereditary  com- 
panions. "  The  former  are  commissioned  officers  of  the  army,  navy,  or  marine  corps, of  the  I'nited 
States  who  participated  in  any  of  the  foreign  wars  of  t lie  United  States.  The  latter  are  direct  lineal 
descendants,  in  the  male  line  only,  of  commissioned  officers  who  served  honorably  in  any  of  the  said 
wars.  Commanderies  may  be  established  in  each  of  the  States,  and  State  commahderies  now  exist  in 
the  States  of  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Connecticut,  Illinois,  California,  Massachusetts,  Mary- 
land, Ohio,  Missouri,  Vermont,  Virginia,  Rhode  tslaiid,  Louisiana,  Indiana,  Wisconsin,  JNIichigah, 
Texas.  Georgia,  Colorado,  New  Jerse.v,  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 

The  National  Commandery  was  instituted  March  11, 1896,  by  the  officers  of  the  New  York,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  Connecticut  commanderies.  The  followingare  the'officers  of  the  National  Commandery: 
Comnimider-General—'Slaiov-Li^in.  Alexander  S.  Webb,  U.  S.  A.  Secrefary-Geneial— .lames  H.  Mor- 
gan, Waldorf-Astoria  Hotel.  New  York.  Treaswer-Getiei-al.—Vo'l.  Oliver  ('.  Boshyshell.  Megi.ifrai-- 
General—liev.  Henry  N.  Wayne.  Judfje-  Advocate-  General— 'FTaxik.  Mf)nlgoniery  Averj'.  Present 
membership,  over  1,700 companions.  There  are  Vice-Uommanders-General  representiug'each  State 
commandery. 

i^egular  ^.  <S.  ^rmg  antr  tlXTabp  Slnion. 

A  Patriotic,  fraternal,  and  beneficial  organization,  chartered  under  act  of  Congress,  for 
soldiers'  and  sailors'  rights  and  benefits. 

National  Otmniander— James  B.  Morton,  Washington,  D.  C.  National  Scnioj-  Mce-Cominonder— 
.Tames  P.  Lockwood,  Chicago,  111.  National  Jmn'o}-  Vire-Commander-^i)r.  .Tobn  H.  Grant,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  Adj\Ltant-General—'S\\chac\  J.  Hackett.  Headquarters, 4  Warder  Street,  N.  W.  .  Washington, 
D.  C.  Membership  is  confined  to  regulars  of  the  United  States  Army,  Navy,  or  Marine  Corps, 
whether  discharged,  retired,  or  in  the  service. 

.Society  oi  Ucttrans  of  KntJian  Solars 

OF   THE  UNITED  STATP^S. 

Commander— 'Bv\^. -Gen.  Judson  D.  Bingham,  U.  S.  A.,  retired,  JT/.sVoriau— Brig. -Gen.  Charles 
King,  U.S.  A.  ^.v.s(\s^o;i/ /iJ<<'ro?-t<e7-— Major  G.  A.  Bingham,  U.S.A.,  PhiLidelpliia,  Pa.  This  .society  was 
instituted  by  officers  of  the  United  .States  Army  at  Philadelphia.  April  23.1896. 

The  objects  are '"  to  perpetuate  the  faithful  services,  heroism,  and  privations  of  the  officers  and 
soldiers  of  tne  Army  of  the  United  States  of  America,  as  well  as  of  the  auxiliarj'  forces  of  the  several 
States  of  the  Union,  in  their  srccessive  campaigns  conducted  against  a  savage  foe  on  our  frontiers,  in 
the  interests  of  civilization  and  for  the  settlement  and  defence  of  our  Territories,  at  different  i>eii(>ds 
in  the  history  of  our  common  country  since  the  close  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution  ;  and  also  to  collect 
and  preserve  for  publication  a  record  of  these  services  and  other  historical  data'relating  thereto,  as 
well  as  to  unite  in  a  fraternal  bond  of  union  all  those  who  are  entitled  to  membership  therein.' ' 

(?^rtrrr  of  Jrittrian  SHars  of  tije  2Initetr  states. 

Oomwirt/idp?-— Major-General  Alfred  E.  Bates,  U.S.  A.,  retired.  Metropolitan  (bib.  Washington, 
D.  C.  Recorder  and  Treasurer— Muior  Lloyd  M.  Brett,  1st  U.  S.  Cavalry,  Washington,  D.  C 
J£istoria7i~'Br\f^.-Geu.  Charles  King,  U.S.A. 

This  order  was  organized  at  Chicago,  111. .  June  10,  1896.  and  received  its  charter  from  the  State 
of  Uliuois.  The  order  consists  of  two  classes  of  companions:  First,  commissioned  officers  of  the 
army,  navy  and  marine  corns,  and  of  State  and  Territorial  organizations,  which  have  been,  or  may 
hereafter  be, engaged  in  connicts.  battles  or  actual  field  service  against  hostile  Indians  in  the  United 
Stales;  Second,  .sonsof  living  membersof  the  firstclass.  The  object  of  the  Association  is  to  perpet- 
uate the  history  of  the  services  rendered  by  the  American  military  forces  in  their  conflicts  and  wars 
within  the  territory  of  the  United  States,  and  to  collect  and  .secure  for  publication  historical  data 
relating  to  the  instances  of  bi'ave  deeds  and  personal  devotion  by  which  Indian  warfare  has  beeu 
illustrated. 


National  Association,  of  N^aval   T^eterans.  587 

J^rtral  of  fj^onov  Hcfliou. 

Thk  Legion  is  composed  of  offi'^prs  and  enlisted  men  of  the  United  States  army  and  navy  who 
have  been  awarded  medals  of  honor  for  most  distingnistu'd  gallantry  in  action  dnring  any  war  in 
which  the  United  States  has  been  engaged.  At  the  present  lime  it  has  458  such  members.  At 
the  last  reunion,  held  at  Winsted,  Ct.,  September  24-25,  1906,  the  following  ofllcers  were 
elected  :  Cb/«man*'r— P.  DeLacy,  Scranton,  Pa.  Senior  Vict- O >mmander—Q.  B.  Hornp,  Winsted. 
Ct.  Junior  Vice- Commander— \^\\\\a,xr\  Search,  Boston,  Mass.  Qunrtermnxter—N.  D.  Preston,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  Chaplai)i—Rev.  Dr.  William  Hubbell,  New  York  City.  Adjutant— J oha  C.  Hunterson, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Jwipe  ^(ii'ocrt/e— Walter  Thorn,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Jrtsvjfc^or— Charles  H.  Houghton, 
Newark,  N.  .T.  .9it/£)r>on-i?i-CAje/— Gabriel  Grant,  M.  D.,  New  York  City.  Mistorian— St.  Clulv  A. 
MulhoUand,  Philadelphia,  Pa.        

tCCabal  (Bttitv  oi  tije  mnitt'ti  <^tates. 

The  Naval  Order  of  the  United  States  is  composed  of  a  General  Commandery  and  commanderies  in 
the  States  of  Massachusetts,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  California,  and  Illinois,  and  in  the  District  of 
Columbia.  Ttje  General  Commandery  meets  triennially  on  October  5,  and  the  State  Commanderies 
meet  annually  in  the  month  of  November.  The  Massachusetts  Commandery  is  the  parent  Com- 
mandery, and  was  organized  at  Boston  on  July  4,  1890.  The  General  Commandery  was  establi-shed 
three  years  later,  on  June  19,  1893.-  The  Companions  of  the  Order  are  officers  and  the  descendants  of 
officers  who  served  in  the  navy  and  marine  corps  in  any  war  or  in  any  battle  in  which  the  said  naval 
forces  of  the  United  States  have  participated.  The  membership  clause,  as  adopted  at  the  triennial 
congress  held  at  Boston,  Octobers,  1895,  provides  for  two  classes  of  members:  First,  veteran  ofhcers 
and  their  male  descendants;  and, second,  enlisted  ineu  who  have  received  the  United  States  naval 
medal  of  honor  for  bravery  in  the  face  of  the  enemy. 

The  officers  of  the  General  Commandery  elected  at  the  triennial  meetmg  October  5,  1907,  are: 
'^enejai  Cb;Hmo?id<er— Admiral  George  Dewey,  U.S.N.,  New  York.  Vice- General  Ojnivianders—Heav- 
Admiral  Joseph  B.  Cnghlan,  U.S.  N.,  New  York;  Rear- Admiral  H.  W.  Lyon,  U.  S.  N.,  Massa- 
chusetts; Rear- Admiral  James  H.  Dayton,  U.S.N. ,  Illinois.  Genei-al  Hecorder— Charles  W.  Uuschen- 
berger  (late  U.  S.  N. ),  Pennsylvania.  Assistaiit  General  Eecoi'der—'WilUam  H.  Stayton  (late  U.  S.  N.), 
New  York.  General  Jiegi.'itrar—H..  M.  M.Richards  (lateU.  S.  N. ),  Pennsylvania.  General  Treasiirer 
—George  De  Forest  Barton  (late  U.  S.  N.),  New  York.  General  Historian  Charles  P.  Welch, 
U.S.  N.,  California.  General  C/iaplaln—QeoTf;e  Williamson  Smith,  D.  D.  (late U.  S.N. ), New  York. 
Orneral  Jud[je  Advocate— M..  B.  Field  (late  U.  S.N.),  New  York. 


^vrnv  antr  Kabg  Winion. 


National  Commander— J.  Edwin  Browne,  Baltimore,  Md.  Senior  Vice- National  Comwandrr— 
Bernard  A.  Flood,  New  York  City.  Junior  Vice-National  Con nn under— J.  E.  B.  Stuart.  Virgin'a. 
Adj  luant- General— TS,.  J.  Bonner,  Baltimore, Md.  Mspectoi-General— S.K.  Adams,  Jersey  City.  N.J. 
I'aymaster- General— J .  R.  McCullough,  New  York.  Judge  Advocate- Ge7}e}al—B..McK\n]ay'Fo\\er, 
New  York.  Surgeon- General— 3 .  E.  Hendricksen,  Virginia.  National  Chaplain— Rev.  John'P.  Chid- 
wick.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

The  Army  and  Navy  Union  was  organized  at  Cincinnati  and  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Ohio 
in  March,  1888.  The  national  organization  (called  the  National  Corps)  was  organized  in  August, 
1890.  '  The  Union  admits  to  its  ranks  any  man  who  possesses  an  honorable  discharge  froin  the  United 
States  service,  either  regular  or  volunteer  army  and  navy  or  marine  corps,  whether  said  service  was 
before,  during,  or  since  any  war  at  home  or  abroad.  There  are  twelve  garrisons  in  Greater  New  York. 


^ije  ISTabs  Heatjue  of  tije  WiniUli  states. 

The  Navy  League  of  the  United  States  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Ne%v  York 
on  January  2,  1903.  Its  declared  object  being  "to  acquire  and  spread  before  the  citizens  of  the 
United  Stiites,  through  branch  organizations  and  otherwise,  information  as  to  the  condition  of  the 
Naval  forces  and  equipment  of  the  United  States,  and  to  awaken  public  interest  and  co-operation  in 
all  matters  tending  to  aid,  improve,  and  develop  their  efficiency.  "  Itisstrictly  non-partisan.  Men. 
women  and  children  are  eligible  to  membership.  The  button  of  the  League  is  of  silver  gilt  and  blue 
enamel,  with  letters  in  whitn,  and  anchor  of  gold,  and  is  worn  by  members.  The  membership  fee  is 
one  dollar  annually.  There  are  eighty-three  sections  in  the  United  States,  and  sections  in  England, 
France,  Canada,  Colombia,  and  two  in  Italj'.  Fiveor  more  citizens  may  sign  an  application  for  a 
charter  to  form  a  section  of  the  League.  The  headquarters  of  the  League  are  at  78  Broad  Street, 
New  York  City. 

The  General  Officers  are:  Pre.iidenf—'novacf^  Porter  ;  Vice- Piesi dent,  William  McAdoo:  Secretary, 
Henry  H.  Ward:  Treasurer, VYmton  E.  Braine;  Rfcorder,  Robert  S.  Sloan;  General  Counsel.  Herbert 
L.  Satterlee;  Assistant  Secretai-y,  George  H.  Owen,  in  charge  of  headquarters.  Honorary  Members— 
President  Theodore  Roosevelt,  and  Secretary  of  the  Navv  Charles  J.  Bonaparte.  Direct(rrs—Ca\)\.a\\\ 
J.  W.Miller,  W.  H.  Stayton,  A.  Noel  Blakeman,  ex-Secretary  of  the  Navy  Benjamin  F.  Tracy, 
Louis  A.  Osborne.  George  C.  Sargent,  Roberts.  Sloan,  Georee  De  Forest  Barton,  W.  De  W.  Dinmck, 
W.  W.  Hollingsworth,  J.  Frederic  Fams,  Aaron  Vanderbilt,  Francis  B.  Allen,  General  Horace 
Porter,  William  McAdoo,  Herbert  L.  Satterlee,  C.  J.  Parsons, 

:isratConal  Association  of  Nabal  Urtcrans* 

Commodore  Coinmanding-YreAerxcls.  M.  Hammer,  cor.  Park  and  Smith  Streets,  New  Bedford 
Mass.  Fleet  Cantain—~Slax¥.  Greene,  Brooklvn,  N.  Y.  Fleet  Cnmmander  and  Cliief  of  Staff— Wm.  A. 
Hollman,  Brocklvn,  N.  Y.  Fleet  Lientenant-iDonimander-Qarrxugion  P.  Slade.  Bristol,  R.  I.  Fleet 
Lieutenant— K\\ai=,Q.  Nickerson,  77  Dver Street.  P'ovidence,  R.  I.  Fleet  Paymaster— Henry  F  Mc- 
Collum,  New  Haven,  Ct.  i^/e^<  .Si(ra>o?i—Henrv  J.  Brewer,  M.  D.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Fleet  Chaplain 
—John  B.  Wirt.  Indianapolis,  Ind.  Fleet  .Tudge  ^di'oca/"— Frederick  E.  Haskins,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
JteetJ/.t^oritm-William  Simmons,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Fleet  Boats^vain-'M.nnw  C.  Ford,  Providence, 
R.  I.  /^/efif.SJecrefarj/— William  W.  Pease,  Edgartown.  Mass.  Organized  1887.  6,000  members.  1,500 
contributing  memberB.  30  associations  in  all  the  principal  cities  of  the  United  States. 


S^8  '         tFome7^'5  Patriotic  ^^ocieii^S^ 

-         ■■  ■      ■  .1  _ . I    I   n     I  .     ^»    iJTTii^ 

.Societies  Of  tlje  smar  of  1812. 

SOCIETY  OF  THE  WAS,  OF    1812    AND   VETERAN  CORPS   OF   ARTILLERY   IN  THE 

STATE  OF  NEW   YORK. 

Instituted  as  a  military  society  by  the  veterans  of  the  War  of  1812  on  Januarys,  1826,  in  the 
City  of  New  York,  and  incorporaterl  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York  by  the  surviving  veteran 
members,  January  8,  1892.  Consolidated  January  8,  1848,  with  the  Veteran  Corps  of  Artillery 
(instituted  \>y  officers  of  the  Revolutionary  War  November  25.  ITOO).  Hiram  Crouk,  last  surviving 
Veteran  member  War  of  1812,  born  April  29,  1800,  died  May  13,  1905. 

The  officers  are:  Pi-esidenl—^ew.  Morgan  Dix,  Jx  D. ,  D.  C.  L.  Vice-Th'esideiit—A^a.  Bird  Oardiner, 
LL.  D.  ,L.  H.  D.  Secretary— YLowhxnA  Pell,  27  William  Street,  New  York.  Assistant  Secretai'y—- 
Charles  Ishain.    T'/Tftsuco-— Charles  Augustus  Schermerhorn. 

The  original  members  comprise  those  who  actually  served  in  the  militarj'  or  naval  forces  of  the 
United  States  during  the  War  of  1812,  or  on  vessels  other  than  merchant  ships  which  sailed  under  com- 
missions of  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal  from  the  United  States  in  that  war. 

Eligibility  to  hereditary  membership  is  confined  to  descendants  of  those  who  actually  served  In 
the  War  of  1812,  and  descendants  of  former  members  of  the  Society  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  of 
other  military  societies  of  1812. 

THE.GENERAL  SOCIETY  OF  THE  WAR  OF  1812. 
Composed  of  federated  State  societies,  in  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut, 
Ohio,Illinois,  District  of  Columbia,NewYork,Ne\v  Jersey, and  Delaware,  the  membersof  each  of  which 
State  Societies  are  borne  upon  the  membership  roll  oi  the  General  Society.  Any  male  person  above  the 
age  of  twenty-one  years  who  participated  in,  or  who  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  one  who  served  during 
the  War  of  1812-14  in  the  army,  navy,  revenue  marine,  or  privateer  service  of  the  United  States, 
offering  satisfactory  proof  to  the  State  Societ.y  to  which  he  makes  application,  and  is  of  good  moral 
character  and  reputation,  maj'  become  a  member.  In  case  of  failure  of  lineal  descendants  of  an 
actual  participant  in  said  war.  one  collateral  representative  who  is  deemed  worthy  may  be  admitted 
to  membership.  I^rea i dent- General— io\\n  Cadwalader,  Pennsylvania.  Secretai'^i- General— 'Kenxy 
Randall  Webb,  727  Nineteenth  Street,  N.  W. ,  Washington,  D.  C.  Assistant  Serretm-y- General— J ohn 
Mason  Dulany,  Baltimore,  Md.  Treasu7-e7--Gene7'al— George  H.  Richards,  Orange,  N.  ,1.  Assistant 
Treasni'er-Genei'al— \ViU.\avii  Porter  Adams,  Illinois.  <9u?'£/''on-G'p?ierrti— George  Horace  Burgin,  M.  D,, 
Pennsj-lvania.  Judge- Advocate- General— Aloysius  Leo  Knott,  Maryland.  Chaplain- General— Ht. 
Rev.  Leighton  Coleman, Delaware. 

Ei}t  American  JFlag  Association. 

PreMdent— Col.  Ralph  E.  Prime,  Yonkers,  N.  Y.  Secretan/— Theodore  Fitch,  120  Broadway, 
New  York  ;  Treasurer^  A.  Noel  Biakeman,  140  Nassau  Street,  New  York.  The  American  Flag  Asso- 
ciation was  organized  February  17,  1898,  its  motto  being,  "One  Flag,  One  Country,  God  over  all." 
Its  object  is  to  secure  National  and  State  legislation  for  the  protection  of  the  flag  from  degrading  and 
deseci-ating  uses,  and  to  secure  a  general  observance  of  June  14  as  "Flag  Dav, "  because  on  that 
day  in  1777  Congress  adopted  the  United  States  flag.  The  Association  is  composed  of  individual 
members  and  also  Hie  membei-s  of  the  Flag  Committeesof  patriotic  societies  for  the  purpose  of  foster- 
ing public  sentiment  in  favor  of  honoring  the  flag  of  our  country  and  preserving  it  from  desecration. 
It  aims  to  co-ordinate  the  efforts  of  all  flag  committees. 

Winmtn'n  J^atriotic  .Societies. 

COLONIAL    DAMES    OF   AMERICA. 

OFFICERS. 

JPresid^nt—'Mr^.  James  W.  Gerard.  Mrst  Vic.e-rresi.dent—'M.rs.  Edward  King.  Second  Vice-PresU 
den^— Miss  J.  J.  Boudiuot.  ST/rffswer— Miss  Helen  Van  C.  De  Peyster.  Secretary— 'Mrs.  Timothy 
Matlack  Cheesman,  109  University  Place,  New  York  City.  J:f/stor(o»i.— Miss  Julia  "Livingston  Dela- 
field.     Advisory  (y)imc it— Henry  E.  Howland,  Franklin  Bartlett,  Louis  V.  Bright. 

The  Society  of  the  Colonial  Dames  of  America  wa.s  organized  in  the  City  of  New  York  May  23, 
1890,  and  was  the  first  society  of  women  for  this  patriotic  purpose  founded  in  this  couutrj'. 
It  was  incorporated  April  23,  1891.  Tlie  Society  is  purely  patriotic  and  educational  in  its  objects, 
which  are  :  (1)  To  collect  and  preserve  relics,  manuscripts,  traditions,  and  mementoes  of  the  found- 
ers and  buildei"S  of  the  thirteen  original  States  of  the  Union,  and  of  the  heroes  of  the  War  of  Independ- 
ence, that  tlie  memory  of  tlieir  deeds  and  achievements  ma.v  be  perpetuated.  (2)  To  promote  cele- 
brations of  great  historic  events  of  National  importance,  to  diffuse  uiforination  on  all  subjects  concern- 
ing American  liistory,  particularly  among  the  young,  and  to  cultivate  the  spirit  of  patriotism  and 
reverence  for  the  founders  of  American  constitutional  history.  This  Society  has  already  a  large  mem- 
bership and  chapters  in  many  States.     It  is  a  distinct  organization  from  that  which  follows. 

COLONIAL    DAMES    OF    AMERICA. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  NATIONAIi  SOCIETY. 

Honorary  President— IsLrs.  Justine  Van  Rensselaer  Townsend.  P/T.f/d^'n/;— Mrs.  Herbert  A.  Clai- 
borne. Vi''r-Presiilr.ats—:slrs.  Samuel  Colt, Connecticut;  Mrs.  Henry  F.  L.  Lvster,  Michigan;  Mrs. 
'William  Ri>ed,  Mar.vland.  Secretary— ^Irs.  Joseph  Lamar,  Georgia.  Ass-Uitant  Secretary— Islrf^.  Rosa 
Wright  Smith,  District  of  Columbia.  Treasiirer-Mr^.  Alexander  J.  Cassatt,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Registrar— 'Mrs.  Einil  Richter,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.     JTistorian—Mis^  Anne  Hollingsworth  Wharton. 

This  society  is  a  distinct  organization  from  the  one  described  in  the  first  paragraph. 

The  National  Society  is  composed  of  delegates  from  the  State  societies.  These  exist  inthethir- 
teen  original  States  and  in  tweuty-one  other  States  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  are  all  incorpo- 
rated. The  aggregate  membership  is  over  5,000.  The  President  of  the  New  York  State  Society  is  Mrs. 
Auson  P.  Atterbury.     It  is  the  sole  custodian  of  the  Colonial  Museum  in  New  York. 

Under  tlie  constitution  of  the  National  Society  it  is  prescribed  that  the  members  shall  be  women 
*'who  are  descended  in  their  own  right  from  some  ancestor  of  worthy  life  who  came  to  reside  in  an 
American  Colony  prior  to  1750,  which  ancestor,  or  some  one  of  his  descendants,  being  a  lineal 
a^scendant  of  the  applicant,  shall  have  rendered   efficient  service  to  his  country  during  the  Colonial 

fieriod. either  in  the  fo>mdingof  acomraonwealth  orof  an  institution  which  has  survived  and  developed 
nto  importance,  or  whoshall  have  held  an  important  position  in  the  Colonial  Government,  and  who, 
by  distinguished  services,  shall  have  contributed  to  the  founding  of  this  great  and  powerful  nation.'' 
Services  rendered  after  177(5  do  not  entitle  to  membership,  but  are  accepted  for  supplemental  applica- 
tions.   There  Is  no  admission  except  through  Colonial  ancestry. 


^Vo)nen'^s  Patriotic  Societies.  589 

fc  —  ■— .  '■  — '    —  ■  - , —  ^ 

DAUGHTERS    OF    THE    AMERI^CAN    REVOLUTION. 

OlFICKHS  OK   THE  XATIOXAL  SOCIKTy. 

I^-esideni- Gf^Tieral— 'Mrs.  Donald  McLean,  186  Lenox  Avenue,  Kew  York  City.  Vice-Fh-esident- 
Oenerat  (of  organization  of  chapters)— Mrs.  Charlotte  Kmerson  ]\rain.  Vice- Pimidenlx- General— 
Mrs.  John  R.  Walker,  Mo.;  Mrs.  Mary  Wood  Swift,  Cal. ;  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Deere,  111.  ;  Mrs.  Orlando 
J.Hodge,  Ohio;  Mrs.  Julius  J.  Estey,  Vt- ;  Mrs.  Robert  Emory  Park,  Ga. :  Mrs.  Richard  Jackson 
Barker.  R.  I.  ;  Mrs.  Thnnan  IT.  Newberry,  Mich.  ;  Mrs.  William  D.  Kearfott,  N,  J.;  Mrs.  Theodore 
C.  Bates,  Mass.  ;  Mrs.  H.  S.  Chamberlain,  Tenn. ;  Mrs.  Lindsay  Patterson,  N.  C.  ;  Mrs.  Jolm  Vwn- 
ningham  Hazen,  N.  Y.  ;  JVIrs.  George  W.  Nicholls  S.  C.  ;  JNfrs.  Franklin  E.  Brooks,  C(jl.  ;  Mrs. 
Clara  I^ee  Bowman,  Ct. ;  Mrs.  Drayton  W.  Bnshuell,  la.  ;  Mrs.  Sallie  Marshall  Hardy,  Kv. ;  Mrs. 
IraH.  Evans,  Tex.  ;  Mrs.  A.  E.  Heneberger,  Va.  C/utpfnin-Genn-cU—'M.rs.  Tennis  S.  Hamrin,  1).  C. 
Recording  Secretary  Geiip-rnl—yUs^  Elisabeth  F.  Pierce,  D.  C.  Ecffistrar- General— 'M.rs.  J.  Stewart 
Jamieson,  D.  C.  Jf/.«/o7/a;i-G^fi>ie?'aZ— Mrs.  Jonathan  P.  Dolliver,  D.C.  Orm-esponding  S'en-efan/- Gen- 
eral—Mi^sVugin'^a  Miller,  D.  C.  Treasurer- General— Mr".  M.  E.  S.  Davis,  I). C.  ylsai.ttant  Hislcyrian- 
General— MtA.  Mary  S.  Lock  wood,  D.  C.    i//;?-a7-ian-G'ew.»rai— Miss  Aline  E.  Solomons.  D.  C. 

The  Society  was  organized  in  the  City  of  Wa.shington,  D.  C. ,  October  II,  1890.  The  headqnarfers 
are  in  Washington.  Its  present  membership  is  reported  by  the  Secretary-(ieneral  to  be  47,111. 
Seven  hundred  and  fifty  State  chapters  exist  in  fortj'-five  States  and  Territories  and  the  District  of 
Columbia,  presided  over  by  regents.  Chapter  regents  have  been  appointed  for  England,  Cuba/  and 
the  Philippines. 

Any  woman  may  be  eligible  for  membership  who  is  of  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  and  who  is 
descended  from  an  ancestor  wlio,  "with  unfailing  loyalty,  rendered  material  aid  tothe  cause  of  inde- 
pendence as  a  recognized  patriot,  as  soldier  or  sailor,  or  as  a  civil  ollicer  in  one  of  the  several  Colonies 
or  States,  or  of  the  LTnited  Colonies  or  States, "  provided  that  the  applicant  shall  be  acceptable  to  the 
Society.  Every  application  for  membership  must  be  indorsed  by  at  least  one  member  of  the  National 
Society,  and  is  then  submitted  to  the  Registrars-General,  who  report  on  the  question  of  eligibility  to 
the  Board  of  Management,  and  upon  its  approval  the  applicant  is  enrolled  as  a  member. 

DAUGHTERS    OF    THE    REVOLUTION. 

OFFICERS  OF   THE  GKXEK.4I.  SOCIETY. 

President- General— "Mrs.  D.  Phcenix  Ingraham,  N.  Y.  Rerordhuj  Secretary- General— 'Mrs.  Henry 
William  Heifer,  N.  Y.  CorrespomUnp  Secre/ary~General— Mrs.  John  A.  Heath,  Mass.  Treasurer- 
General— M\ss  Mary  A.  Kent,  Pa.  Megiffrar-Geiieral— Mr?,. .1.  J.  Casej%  N.  Y.  Historian-  General— Mrs. 
George  F.  Daniels,  Mass.  Z//6;o?-ia/i-frf;i^mi— Miss  Clara  B.  Adams,  Mass.  Board  of  3raimgers— Mrs. 
John  H.  Abeel,  Miss  Josephine  Waudell,  Mr?..  Zeb  Mavhew,  Mrs.  Frank  H.  Vinson, Mrs.  FrankLe  M. 


The  General  Society  was  organized  in  the  City  of  New  York  August  20,  1891.  Eligi- 
bility to  membership  is  restricted  to  "women  who  are  lineal  descendants  of  an  ancestor 
who  was  a  military  or  naval  or  marine  officer,  soldier,  sailor,  or  marine  in  actual  service 
under  the  authority  of  any  of  the  thirteen  Colonies  or  States,  or  of  the  Continental  Congress, 
and  remained  always  loyal  to  such  authority,  or  descendants  of  one  who  signed  the  Dec- 
laration of  Independence,  or  of  one  who  as  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress  or  of  the  Congress 
of  any  of  the  Colonies  or  States,  or  as  an  official  appointed  by  or  under  the  authority  of  any  such 
representative  bodies,  actuallj' assisted  in  the  establishment  of  American  independence  bj' service 
rendered  during  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  becoming  thereby  liabje  to  conviction  of  treason  against 
the  Government  of  Great  Britain,  but  remaining  always  loyal  to  the  authority  of  the  Colonies  or 
States. ' '  State  societies  exist  in  a  large  number  of  States.  The  office  of  the  General  Society  is 
156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 

DAMES    OF    THE    REVOLUTION.  "~ 

The  Society  of  Dames  of  the  Revolution  was  organized  in  1896.  The  regulation  as  to  member- 
ship is  that  the  Society  shall  be  composed  entirely  of  women  above  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  of  good 
mor   ■    ■  ■  '  .  1 -J  -•-  ^»-  -•  -  ,  ..  .  .  .  .... 

nava 
or 

establishing  American  Independence  during  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  April  19,  1775,  when  hos- 
tilities commenced,  and  April  19,  1783,  when  they  were  ordered  to  cease.  Local  chapters  maj'be 
organized  when  authorized  by  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Society.  The  president  is  Mrs.  Mont- 
gomery Schuyler,  1025  Park  Avenue,  New  York  City.  Secretary,  Miss  R.  C.  C.  Carville,  257 
Webster  Avenue,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

UNITED  STATES  DAUCHTERSrOF  1812. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  K'ATIOXAL,  SOCIETY  _ 

President- National— "Mrs.  William  Gerry  Slade,  New  York.  Vice-PresidenfJi-JVaHonat—'M^TS. 
B.  L.  Whitney,  Michigan ;  Mrs.  Robert  Hall  Niles,  Illinois;  Mrs.  George  H.  Wilson,  Kentuck}'. 
Recording  Secretary — Mrs.  S.  P.  S.  Mitchell.  Corresponding  Secretary— Mrs.  Frank  Wheatou.  The 
oltice  of  the  National  Society  is  at  332  West  Eighty-seventh  Street,  New  York. 

Membership  Qualifications— Any  woman  over  eigiiteen  years  of  age  of  good  character  and  a  lineal 
descendant  of  an  ancestor  who  rendered  civil,  military,  or  naval  service  during  the  War  of  1812,  or  the 
period  of  the  causes  which  led  to  that  war  (subsequent  to  the  War  of  the  Revolution),  may  be  eligible 
to  membership,  provided  the  applicant  be  acceptable  to  the  Society.  In  all  the  States  the  initiation 
fee  is  ."51.  The  President  of  the  New  York  State  Society  is  Mrs.  William  Gerry  Slade;  the  Corre- 
ponding  Secretary  is  Mrs.  George  B.  Wallis,  Jr. 

WASHINGTON    HEADQUARTERS    ASSOCIATION. 

President— Mr^.  Samuel  Cramer.  Recording  Secrrtary— Mrs.  Edwin  R.  Faj'.  ^Corresponding Secre^ 
ia7-y—Mrs.  Robert  Dhu  Macdonald,  No.  32  West  70th  Street,  New  York  City.  The  purpo.se  of  the 
Association  is  to  preserve  the  old  mansion  on  160th  street,  near  Amsterdam  Avenue.  New  York  City, 
which  was  at  one  time,  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  the  headqnai-ters  of  Washington.  The  property 
is  owned  by  t!ie  city  and  is  under  the  care  and  direction  of  tlie  Knickerbocker,  Mary  Washington, 
Colonial  and  Maniiattan  Chapters  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolutiou.  It  is  open  daily  to 
the  public. 


590 


(ffirantr  ^tm^  of  tjc  Mcpuiilic. 


Ccrmmander-in- Chief Cljarles  G.  Burton,  Nevada,  ISfo. 

Senior  VXce-Cmrvmamler  L.  F.Griffith, Troy,  N.  Y.  I  Surgeon-General..  .Dr.  G.  L.  Taneyhill,  Balt.,Md. 
Junior  Vice- Commander.. 'W.M.Hcotf^Ailanta.,  Ga.  |  Chaplain-in- Chief Bishop  S.  Fallows,  Chicago. 

OFFICIAL  STAFF. 

^d/■«ton^(?en'^....Jere.  T.  Dew,  Kansas  City,  Mo.  \  /u.v/jf'cto?--Ge/i(='raLColarD. Il.Sto\vits,B'irio,N.  Y. 

Qtia/<e/wiaste/--G'en'/.C.  Burrows,  Rutherford,  N.J.  I  Jadye-Advocale- General.  L.  W.  t;ollins,Muin'lis,M. 

The  National  Council  of  Administration  has  45  members,  each  department  having  one  member. 


DSPABTMBNTS. 

(45.) 


Department  Commanders.* 


Alabama.  ... 
Arizona  ..... 
Arkansas  ... 
Calif.  &  Nevada 
Colo.  &  Wyom. 
Connecticut  — 

Delaware 

Florida 

(Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Ten 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

La.  &Mis8i3sippi 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

N.  Hampshire.. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Dakota. . 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

PeiNisylvania  .. 

Potomac 

Rhode  Island.  . . 
South  Dakota.. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Va.  ife  No.  Caro. 
Wash.  &  Ala.ska 
AVest  Virginia. 
Wisconsin 


W.  M.Campbell.... 

N.  S.  Fulmer 

Cos  Altenberg 

Wm.G.  Waters 

R.  H.Mellette 

Charles  A.  Appel... 

Jesse  Hellings 

Samuel  W.  Fox 

O.  P.  Webster 

A.  M.  Rowe 

A.  C.  Matthews 

Wm.  A.Ketcham... 

A.  G.  Crutchmer... 

David  J.  Palmer 

R.  A.  Campbell 

Le  Vaut  Dodge 

P.  H.Boyle 

Frank  E.  Goss 

Fred  C.  Tarr 

D.  H.L.  Gleason 

William  Jibb 

Geo.  A.  Whitney 

T  D.  Kimball 

B.  N.  Beebe 

Thomas  A.  Creigh. . 
Wm.  S.  Pillsbury... 
Arthur  W.  French.. 
W.  W.  McDonald... 

Harlan  J.  Swift 

S.J.Hill 

W.  S.  Rogers 

Wm.H.  Horndav... 

S.  F.  BIythe 

William  T.  Powell.. 

Newton  Ferree 

Edward  Wilcox 

T.C.  De  Jean 

Wm.  A.  McTeer 

L.  L.Whittaker 

Alfred  Kent 

Andrew  C.  Brown.. 

A .  A .  Hagar 

W.  H.Mock 

I.M.  Adams 

JolinC.  Martin 


Florence  

Tucson 

Little  Rock 

Saa  Francisco.. 
Harris,   Colo..., 

Middleton 

Dover 

Jacksonville 

Fitzgerald 

Payette 

Pittstield , 

Indianapolis.... 

Okmulgee , 

Des  Moines 

Hutchinson  . 

Berea 

Xew  Orleans .. . 

.\uburn 

Baltimore 

Natick 

Adrian 

Wedena 

St.  Louis,  Mo  .. 

Butte 

Omaha 

Londonderry... 

Newark. 

Albuquerque... 

Albany 

Fargo   

Cleveland 

Lawton 

Hood  River 

Pittsburgh 

Washington,  D, 

Providence , 

Plankington 

Marysville , 

San  Antonio 

Salt  Lake  City 

INIontpelier 

Sold'rs  Home,Va 

Bellingham 

Ravens  wood 

Madison 


Assistant  Adjutants-General. 


c 


C.  C.  Chapiu 

W.F.  R.  Schindler.... 

A.  Walrath 

John  H.  Roberts 

W.  W.  Ferguson 

William  K.  Morgan... 

J.S.  Litzenberg 

Chas.  M.  Ellis 

S.  C.Brown 

M.  11.  Barber 

Charles  A.  Partridge.. 

John  R.  Fesler 

Geo.  Kirchbaum 

George  A.  Newman  . . 

J.  M.  Miller 

M.J.  Gabbard 

M.  A.  C.  Hussey 

George  G.  Gifford 

Robt.C.  Sunstrom.... 
Wilford  A.  Wetberbee 

Fayette  Wvckoff 

OrtonS.  Clark 

Thomas  B.  Rodgers. ... 

R.  G.  Kuston 

A.  ]\r.  Trimble 

Frank  Battles 

W.  H.  Van  Iderstine  . 

J.G.  Caldwell 

Wm.  S.BuU 

E,  C.  Gearey 

Charles  Griswold 

M.  M.  Duncan 

C.  A.  Williams 

Chas.  Buydam 

James  A.  Allen 

Philips.  Chase 

W.  G.  Andrews 

Ben.  A.  Hamilton. 
John  H.  Bolton .... 

R.  G.  Sleater 

Edward  Baker 

John  G.  SpraguC;.. 

M.C.  Cole 

A.  J.  Charter 

W.  W.  Williams... 


Florence 

iPhoenix 

Little  Rock.... 
San  Francisco. 
Denver,  Colo. 
New  Haven .. 
Wilmington ... 
jJacksouville  .. 

[Fitzgerald 

JBoi-se 

Chicago 

Indianapolis .. 
Okmulgee .... 
Des  Moines.... 

Topeka 

Berea 

New  Orleans.. 

Auburn 

Baltimore 

Boston 

Lansing 

St.  Paul 

St.  Louis 

Butte 

Lincoln  

Concord 

Newark 

Albuquerque . 

Albany 

Fargo 

Cleveland.     . 

Lawton 

Portland 

Philadelphia.. 
Washington... 
Providence .  . . 
Plankington... 

Knoxville 

San  Antonio.. 
Salt  Lake  City. 

Montpelier 

Sold' r's  Home 
Bellingham  . 
Ravenswood 
Madison 


Mem- 
bers. 


121 
141 

403 

5,576 

2,622 

3,747 

685 

3'27 

399 

509 

18,211 

14,015 

855 

11.231 

10,770 

2,154 

1,080 

5.499 

1,974 

15.348 

11,068 

5,725 

7,459 

395 

4,350 

2.«i89 

4,348 

222 

26,201 

322 

22,394 

1.645 

1,8  5 

28,217 

2,224 

1.398 

1.500 

1,343 

529 

273 

2,787 

676 

2,985 

974 

7,801 


Total,  December  31,  1906 229,932 

*  New  department  officei-s  are  elected  December,  1907,  and  installed  in  January,  1908. 

The  number  of  Grand  Army  Posts  December  31.  1906,  was 6,055.     Losses  by  death  during  the 

preceding  vear,  ending  December.  31,  1906,  was9,052 

The  first  post  of  the  Grand  Army  was  organized  at  Decatur,  111. ,  April  6,  1866.    The  first  National 

Encampment  was  held  at  Indianapolis,    November  20, 1866     The  next  Encampment  will  be  at 

Toledo,  Ohio,  in  1908. 

NATIONAL    ENCAMPMENTS    AND    COMMANDERS-IN-CHIEF. 


1866— Indianapolis Stephen  A.  Hurlbut,  111. 

1868— Philadelphia John  A.  Logan,  111, 

1869— Cincinnati .Tohn  A.  Logan,  111. 

1870— Wasliington .Tohn  A.  Logan,  111. 

1871— Boston A.  E.  Burnside,  Rliodels. 

1872— ( 'leveland A.  E.  Burnside,  Rhode  Is. 

1873— New  Haven Charles  Devens,  Jr.  ,Ma.ss. 

1874— Harrisburg Charles  Devens,  Jr.,  Mass. 

1875— Chicago John  F.  Hartranft,  Pa. 

1876— Philadelphia John  F.  Hartranft,  Pa. 

1877— Providence J.  C.  Robinson,  New  York. 

1878— Springfield J.C.Robinson, New  York. 

1S79— Albany William  Earn.shaw,  Ohio. 

1880— Dayton I^ouis  Wagner,  Pa 


1881— Indianapolis George  S.  Merrill,  Mass 

1882  -Baltimore Paul  Van  Der  Voort,  Ne 


1883— Denver Robert  B.  Beath.  Pa. 

1884— Minneapolis Johns.  Kountz,  Ohio. 

1885-Portland,Me S.  S.  Burdette,  D.  C. 

1886— San  Francisco Lucius  Fairchild    Wis. 

1887— St.  Louis.. John  P.  Rea,  Minn. 

1888-<.'olumbu3 William  Warner,  Mo. 

•Died   while  in  office,     t  After  the  death 
mauder  succeeded  hiui. 


1889— Milwaukee Russell  A.  Alger,  Mich. 

1890-Boston Wheelock  G.  Veazey,  Vt. 

1891— Detroit John  Palmer,  New  York. 

1892— Washington A.  G.  Weissert,  Wis. 

1893— Indianapolis John  G.  B.Adams,  Mass. 

1894— Pittsburgh Tho.s.  G.  Lawler.  ill. 

1895— Louisville Ivan  N.  Walker,  Ind. 

1896— St.  Paul ThaddeusS.Clarkson.Neb. 

1897-Buffalo John  P.  S.  Gobin,  Pa. 

1898— Cincinnati *James  A.  Sexton,  111. 

1898— Cincinnati t  W.  C.  Johnson,  Ohio. 

1899-Philadelphia Albert  D.  Shaw,  N.  Y. 

1900-Chicago Leo  Raesieur,  Mo. 

1901- Cleveland Ell  Torrance,  Minn. 

1902-Washington,D.  C.Thos.  J.Stewart,  Pa. 
1903-San  Francisco  .  ...John  C.  Black,  111. 

1904— Boston ....'W.  W.  Blackmar,Ma.ss. 

1905— Boston tJohnR.  King,  f).  C. 

1905— Denver.  James  Tanner,  N.  Y. 

1906— Minneapolis R.  B.  Brown,  Ohio. 

1907— Saratoga Charles  G.  Burton,  Mo. 

of  the  Commander-in-Chief,  the  Senior  Vice-Corn- 


eb. 


Society  of  the  Arm}/  of  the  J^h'd'qypmes,  591 

AUXILIARY  TO  THE  GRAND  ARMY  OF  THE  REPUBLIC. 

XatiO)ial  President— 'Slrs.'Ka.ie  E.  Jones,  Ilion,  N.  Y.  National  Secretary— 'Mth.  Eliza  Brown 
Daggett,  Ilion,  N.  Y.  This  organization  was  created  by  the  mothers,  wives,  daughters,  and  sisters  of 
Union  soldiers  of  the  Civil  War  of  1861-65,  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  and  assisting  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic,  and  to  "perpetuate  t  le  memory  of  their  heroic  dead,"  to  "extend  needful  aid  to 
the  widows  and  orphans."  to  "cherish  and  emulate  the  deeds  of  our  army  nui-ses, "  and  to  "in- 
culcate lessons  of  patriotism  and  love  of  country  among  our  children  and  in  the  communitiesin  which 
we  live. ' '  The  organization  is  composed  of  35  denartments,  which  are  subdivided  into  corps,  as  well 
as  aetached  corps  in  several  States  where  no  departments  exisU  The  year  ending  June  30,  isk)?, 
there  were  131,023  corps  and  155,536  members. 

<Sonj5  of  VtUx^wUy  M.  ^.  ^. 

Commander-in-Chief— Dr.  Ralph  Sheldon,  Albany,  N.  Y.  Senior  Vice-'Uomniander-i.n-Cfiief-'FTed. 
W.  ^^pear.  Bennington,  Yt.  Junior  l^ice-Oommander- in- Chief— Williaiu  S.  Reeder,  Dayton,  6.  Chief 
of  Staff— n.  M.  J.  Reed,  2510  West  Lehigh  Avenue,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  National  Secrefan/— Horace 
H.  Hammer,  Reading,  Pa.  National  Treasura — James  Lewis  Rake,  Reading,  Pa.  National  Inspector- 
's.. E.  Schoening,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Camp  No.  1,  Sons  of  Yeteraas,  U.  S.  A. ,  was  organized  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  September  29, 
1879.  The  organization  is  composed  of  lineal  descendants,  over  eighteen  years  of  age,  of  honorably  dis- 
charged soldiers,  sailors,  or  marines  who  served  in  the  late  Civil  War.  There  are  now  about  one  thou- 
sand Camps,  with  a  membership  of  fifty  thousand,  distributed  among  twenty-five  Divisions, corre- 
sponding to  States,  the  general  society  or  national  body  constituting  the  Commander3"-in-Chief.  Each 
Camp  has  its  own  officers,  the  head  officer  being  the  Commander.  The  principal  officer  of  the  DivisioQ 
is  the  Division  Commander. 

The  Sons  of  Yeterans  Auxiliary  is  an  association  of  women  auxiliary  to  the  above  organization. 
Miss  Mamie  E.  Herbst,  Canton,  O. ,  is  National  President,  and  Miss  Lillie  E.  Herbsi,  Canton,  O., 
National  Secretary.  

^octetirs  of  Spanisft  212aar  Vtttxann. 

Astor  Battery  Association.— Pre-s/denC— Otto  Koenig,  New  York  City.  Vice- President— ChSiXleu 
E.  Callan.  New  York  City.  Treasurer— J ohn  N.  Ostrander,  New  York  City.  Secretary— iieorge  i^,. 
Geis,  449  South  Spring  Street,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  Organized  December,  1904.  Composed  of  original 
members  of  the  Astor  Battery,  which  served  in  the  Philippines  campaign  of  1898.  Meets  annually, 
August  13,  anniversary  of  the  capture  of  Manila,  at  Reunion- Army  of  the  Philippines,  and  at  the 
annual  national  encampment  of  the  United  Spanish  War  Veterans. 

Naval  and  Military  Order  of  tlie  Spanish-American  War.  —Instituted  February  2.1899, 
Officers  of  the  National  Coinmandery.  —  Cb/;i//i«/id<";-i/i-C/t(<'/— Major  Harry  Alvan  Hall,  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.  Senior  Vice  Commaiuler- in- Chief— ^la,]ov  \^^\\\\a,\\\  B.  Dwight,  Connecticut.  Junior  Vice-Corn.. 
mander-in-Chief— Ca.pt.  Taylor  E.  Brown,  Illinois.  Jiecorder- in- Chief— Capt.  John  T.  Hilton,  170 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.  Registrar-ui- Chief— 'Sla.^or  Felix  Rosenberg,  Ohio.  Deputy  Registrar-in- 
C/it€/— Major  Samuel  T.  Armstrong,  New  York.  2'recmr?er-m-C/ite/'— Major  George  F.  Shiels,  Cali- 
fornia. Chanlain- in- Chief— Rev.  Henrj' H.  Kelsey,  Connecticut.  The  Commander  of  the  New  York 
Commander'y  is  Brig. -Gen.  John  W.  Clous.  :irembership  is  composed  of  persons  who  .served  on  the 
active  list  or  performed  active  duty  as  commissioned  officers,  regular  or  volunteer,  during  the  war 
with  Spain,  or  who  participated  in  the  war  as  naval  or  military  cadets.  Membership  descends  to  the 
eldest  male  descendant  in  the  order  of  primogeniture. 

Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Pb'tlipitines.— Commander-in-Chief— Captain  H.  A. Crow,  Con- 
nellsville.  Pa.  Vice-Oimmancler-ia- C^iief—^^lajor  B.  J.  H.  Farrell,  Chicago,  111.  Junior  Ornimander- 
iH-C7iie/— Major-General  J.  Franklin  Bell,  U.  S.  A.  Paymaster- General— lAein.jCharXes  B.  Lewis, 
Denver,  Colo.  Judge  Advocate  General— J.  H.  Fraine,  Grafton,  N.  Dak.  The  next  annual  meeting 
will  be  held  at  Qalesburg,  111.,  in   August, 1908. 

.Society  of  the  Army  of  Santiago  de  Cuba.— Organized  in  the  Governor's  Palace  at  San- 
tiago de  Cuba  .Fuly  31,  1898.  President— ^la]or-Gen.  J.  Ford  Kent.  First  Vice-President— ':s'La]or~ 
Gen. H.S.Hawkins.  Second  Mre-Presi<lent-JAe\it.-Co\.Char\e9,'D\c:^.  Third  Vice-President— ^l&ior- 
Gen.  S.  S.  Sumner.  Fourth,  \lce- Presi dent— Br\s.- Gen.  Chambers  McKibbin.  Se/iretari/ and  Tieas- 
nr^/-— Lieut. -Col.  Alfred  C.  Sharpe.  Historian— yiaior  G.  Creighton  Webb.  Registrar-General— Co\. 
Philip  Reade.  .Annual  dues  .$1,  life  membership  $25.  No  initiation  fee.  There  are  branch  societies 
in  M;vssachusetts,  New  York,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Illinois,  California,  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 

United  Spanish  War  Veterans.— National  Encampment  United  Spanish  War  Veterans— Or- 
ganized April  18, 1904,  by  the  consolidation  of  the  National  Army  and  Navy  .Spanish  War  Veterans, 
National  Association  of  Spanish- American  War  Veterans,  and  the  Society  of  the  Service  Men  of  the 
Spanish  War.  Oommander-in-  C/i^-'-/'— Hamilton  Ward,-- Buffalo.  N.  Y.  Adjut'int-Ge7ieral  -Wwut.  Har- 
man  L.  Hutson,  Indianaoolis,  Ind.  Quarfei-master-General-'Lient.  QeorE^e  W.  Powell,  Indianapolis, 
Ind.  Senior  Vice- OommAiinder —Kenrv  W.Busch,  Detroit,  Mich.  Junior  Mre- Commander— Charles  W. 
Newton,  Hartford,  Ct.  Judge- Advocate  (?enem;— John  Lewis  Smith,  Washington,  D.  C.  Snroron- 
(j'<^/i€m«— J.O'Donoghue,  Roxbnry,  Mass.  Chanlain-in-Chiff—Itev.  W.  H.I.  Reany.  Brooklvn,  S".  Y. 
Commissary- General- A.  M.  Bnmswick,  San  Francisco, Cal.  Paumasfer- General— Frank  F.  Jones, 
Scranton,  Pa.  Chief  of  Engineers— W .'K.  MacKay,  Rutherford,  N.  J.  Oiief  Sional  Officer— Char) en  W. 
Parker.  Elberton,  Ga.  Chief  of  Ordnance— Y..!^.  Evans.  Racine,  Wis.  C^»vro/^r^7/f?-i/— J.  A.  Welch, 
Taunton,  Mass.  Ch.ief  Mustering  OfWcei-— Charles  F.  Stroud.  Sandusky,  Oliio.  National  Historian— 
J.Walter  Mitchell,  Washington,  D.C.  Soldiers  and  sailorsof  the  regular  and  volunteer  armv,  navv, 
and  marine  corps  who  served  honorably  during  the  war  with  Spain  or  the  insurrection  in  the  Philip- 
pines are  elisibleto  membership. 

United  Volnnteer  Association.— All  white  soldiers  and  sailors  who  served  honorablvin  the 
military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States  during  the  war  with  Spain  or  the  incident  insurrection 
in  the  Philippines  are  eligible  to  membership.  This  society  was  organized  at  Chattanooga.  Tenn., 
August  17,  1899,  and  has  a  membership  of  nearlv  38,000.  It  is  national  in  scope  and  character. 
Officers:  President-Co\  William  J.  Fife,  California.  First  Vice- Pesidenf— Capt.  G.  A.  Wheatley, 
Texas.  Second  Vice-President— Major 'E.'R.  DuMont,  Mississippi.  Third  Vice-President— Major  Clay 
C.  MacDonald.  Secretary/ -Col  William  C.  Liller.  23  Irving  Place,  New  York  City.  Treasurer-' 
Joseph  H.  Stiner,  New  York  City. 


592 


Societies  of  the    Union  Ariiiy  of  1861-65. 


Commander-in-Chief— yi&ior-iiQn.  Grenville  M.  Dodge.  Smiov  Vice- Cbnimandei'-in- Chief —Hear- 
Admiral  John  C.  Waison.  Junior  Vice-Coinuimuler-in-Chief—IAeut.-Gen.  John  C.  Bates.  Eecorder- 
in- C/Uef— Brevet  Lieut. -(."ol.  John  P.  Nicholso!!.  Iiepisl7ar-in-Chief—Mii,ior  William  P.  Huxford. 
T)-easurer-in-Chief— Vixvmasxer  George  Tie  F.  Barton.  CIiancellor-i7i-  Chief— Brevet  Capt.  J .  O.  Foering. 
Chaplain- in- Chief— Brevet  Major  Henry  S.  Burrage,  I).  D.  Council- i)i,- Chief— Brevet  Major  Henry 
L.  Swords,  Brevet  Major  A.  M.  Van  Uyke,  Captain  John  C.  Currier,  First  Lieut,  and  Adjt.  Lewis 
H.  Chamberlain,  Brevet  Major  Charles  B.  Amory. 

The  Military  Order  of  the  Loval  Legion  of  the  United  States  was  organized  by  officers  and  ex- 
ofTicers  of  the  army,  navy,  ana  marine  corps  of  the  United  States  who  look  part  in  tlie  War  of 
1861-65.  Membership  descends  to  the  eldest  direct  male  lineal  descendant,  according  to  the  rules  of 
primogeniture.  There  are  21  commanderies,  each  representing  a  State,  and  one  conimaudery  repre- 
senting the  District  of  Columbia.    The  total  membership  of  the  Loyal  Legion  is  10,507. 

ROLL  OF  COMMANDERIES. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

6 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 


ComniHiiiieiy 
of  the— 


State  of 
State  of 
state  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
District 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 
State  of 


Pa 

N.   Y.. 

Maine. 
Mass  . . 
Cal  .... 
Wis.  . 
Illinois 
of  Col.. 
Ohio... 
Mich  . . 
Minn.. 
Oregon 
Mo  ... . 
Neb  . . . 
Kansas 
Iowa  . . 
Col.... 
Ind.... 
Wash  . 

Vt 

Md.... 


Ile.Kl'iuarters. 


Philadelphia. 
N.  Y.  City.... 

Portland 

Boston 

San  Francisco 
Milwaukee  . . 
Chicago  — .. 
Washnigton  . 
Cincinnati  . . . 

Detroit 

St.  Paul 

Portland 

St.  Louis 

Omaha 

Leavenworth 
Des  Moines  . . 

Denver  

Indianapolis . 

Tacoma 

Burlington. .. 
Baltimore 


Instituted. 


Recorders. 


Apr.  15,18*)5 
Jan.  17,1866 
Apr.  25,1866 
Mar.  4,1868 
Apr.  12,1871 
Ma  v  15,1874; 
Mav  8.1879; 
1,1882; 
3,1882 
4,1885 
6,1885 
6,1885 
21, 1885 


Feb. 
May 
Feb. 
May 
May 
Oct. 


Oct.  21,1885i 
Apr.  22,18861 
Oct.  20,1886; 
June  1,1887 
Oct.  17,1888 
Jan.  14,1891 
Oct.  14,1891 
Dec.  8,1904 


Brev.  Lieut. -Col.  J.  P.Nicholson. 
Asst.  Paymaster  A.  N.  Blakeman 
Brevet  Major  Henry  S.  Burrage. 
First  Lieut.  Charles  H.  Porter. . . 

Lieut.-Col.  W.  R.  Smedburg 

First  Lieut.  A.R.Houston 

Capt.   Ros well  H.  Mason 

Major  \Vm.  P.  Huxford 

Major  W.  R.  Thrall 

Brevet  Brig.  -Gen.  F.  W.  Swift . ... 

Lieut.  David  L.  Kingsbury 

Capt.  Gavin  E.  Caukin 

Capt.  VV' illiam  R.  Hodges 

First  Lieut.  F.  B.  Bryant 

Lieut.-Col.  EzraB.  Fuller 

First  Lieut,  and  Adj.  J.  W.  Muflfly 

Capt.  Robert  H.  Buck     

Major  W.  W.  Dauglierty 

:\Ir.  Waiter  R.  Beals 

Brevet  Capt.  H.  O.  Wheeler 

Lieut.  Joseph  J.  Janney 


Address. 


1535  Chestnut  St.,  Pljila. 

140  Nassau  St.,New  York 

Togus,  Me. 

17  Central  St., Boston, 

San  Franci-ico,  Cal. 

Milwaukee. 

320  Ashland  B.,  Chicago. 

Kellogg  Bldg.,  Wash. 

Cinciimati. 

Detroit. 

St.  Paul. 

Portland,  Ore. 

Laclede  Bldg.,  St.  Louis. 

Omaha. 

Fort  Leavenworth. 

Des  Moines. 

Denver. 

Indianapolis. 

Seattle. 

Burlington. 

Baltimore,  Md. 


Brevet  Lieut.-Col.  John  P.  Nicholson,  1535  Chestnut  Street,  Phila- 


Instituted  October  21,  1885. 
delpbia,  Mecorder-in- Chief. 

Societies  of  t!)e  mwim  ^xwx^  of  186U65. 

SOCIETY  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  TENNESSEE. 

President— Gen.  Grenville  M.  Dodge,  Iowa.  Vice-Presidents— M&}or  C.  S.  Stanton,  Vicksbnrg, 
Miss.;  Capt.  John  B.  Colton,  Missouri;  Capt.  John  Crane,  New  York;  TNlrs.  Louisa  A.  Kemper, 
Ohio;  Col.  Chas.  A.  Morton,  North  Dakota;  Major  J.  A.  Pickler,  South  Dakota;  Capt.  Joseph  P. 
Reed,  Iowa;  Gen.  Lewis  R.  Par.sons,  Illinois;  Gen.  T.  J.  Kinney,  Illinois:  den.  D.  J.  Craigie, 
U.  S.  A.;  Capt.  John  C.  Nelson,  Indiana;  Capt.  T.  N.  Stevens,  Michigan;  Col.  William  B.  Keeler, 
Illinois;  Capt.  C.  W.  Fracker,  Iowa.  Correspnuding  Seci-etai-p-'Maior  W.H.  Chaniberlin, Cincinnati, O. 
Treasurer-^iaior  Augustus  M.  Van  Dvke,  Cincinnati,  O.  Recordinfi  Secreiari/— Col.  Cornelius  Cadle, 
Cincinnati,  O.  The  Society  was  organized  at  Raleigh,  N.  C,  April  14,1865.  The  headquarters 
are  at  Cincinnati. 

ARMY    OF    THE    TENNESSEE    ASSOCIATION. 

P-esideTit-'H..  L.  Deam.  Secretary— Byron  W.  Bonney,  624  C:  Street,  N.  E.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
7V("rt.sM»-e7-— James  S.  Roy.  Organized  at  Washington,  D.  C,  August,  1902.  All  who  served  in  that 
army  eligible  to  membership. 

SOCIETY  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND. 

P-eMdent—Oen.  Gates  P.  Thruston,  Nashville,  Tenn.  Coi'reniHindinu  Secrelarjj—Vr'wate  O.  A. 
Somers,  Kokomo,  Ind.  Treasurer— Qen.  E.  A.  Carman.  Recording  Secretary- L,\eiiL  John  E.  Stivers, 
Jfislai-ian—Col.  G.  C.  Knittin.  Executive  Committee— Gen.  James  Barnett,  Chairman;  Gen.  C  H. 
Grosvenor,  Gen.  Frank  G.  Smith,  Capt.  H.  S.  Chamberlain,  Capt.  J.  W.  Foley.  Sergt.  D.  M.  Steward, 
Gen.  Smith  D.  Atkins,  Major  W.  J.  Colburn,  officers  of  the  Society,  ex-officio.  The  Society  was 
organized  in  February,    1868,  and  its  present  membership  is  350. 

SOCIETY    OF    THE    ARMY    OF    THE    POTOMAC. 

P-emdent—Qen.  Henry  C.  Dwight.  Vice- p-esidents—Co\.  Albert  Chirk,  ■Major  Charles  Lyman, 
Serereant- Major  Wm.  H.  Cloutman,  Geii.  Henrv  E.  Tremain,  Lieut.  John  Tregaskis,  Gen.  Newton 
M.  Curtis,  Gen.  Vanhartuess  Bukey,  Sergeant- Major  George  W.  States,  CoL  George  H.  Patrick,  Capt. 
George  B.  Fox,  Capt.  W.  A.  Howe,  Gen.  Howard  L.  Porter,  Gen.  NichoiiisW.  Day,  Major  James  H. 
Reeve,  Gen.  William  Birney,  Gen.  Horatio  C.  Gibson,  Col.  .lohu  J.  McCook,  Gen.  George  L.  (Gillespie, 
Sergeant  Charles  D.  Marcv.  7^efm<rf7-— Lieut.  Frank  S.  Halliday.  Errordiug S^crelai-ii—iien.  Horatio 
C.  King.  Correspondinci  Secretary— Col.  Will  iam  F.  Fox,  Albany,  N.  Y.  The  Society  was  organized  in 
1868.    The  present  membership  is  over  2,000. 

THE    ELEVENTH    ARMY    CORPS    ASSOCIATION. 

President— Vacant.  Vice- President -l^aior  Hartwell  Osborn.  Dirision  Presidenfs—Tltsi,  Col. 
French  Place;  Second,  Capt.  George  B.  Richardson;  Third,  vacant.  Ifistorian—Co\.  A.  C.  Hamlin. 
Treasure!— (^pt.  Jastow  Alexander.    The  Association  was  organized  at  Portland, Me. ,  July  5,  1890. 

ASSOCIATION    OF    THE    THIRTEENTH    ARMY    CORPS. 

Pesideni— Gen.  K.  A.  Carr,  U.  S.  A.,  retired.  Treasurer— Cayyt.  E.  C.  Dougherty.  Secretary— 
Fletcher  White,  425  Fotirth  Street,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.C.  The  Association  was  organized  at 
Milwaukee,  August,  1889, 


Interstate  National  Guard  Association.  593 

SSnion  TJttrran  Hcfiion* 

Niiiional  Cbmrnanrf/^r— William  H.Knauss.  S'nior  Vice- Xulional  Cb»imanrfer—\V.  B.Tracy,  Brad- 
ford, Pa.  Junior  Vice- Nationnl  0;?Ji;«a)i'/ft»— Jacob  B.  8niith,  Wiliuiiigtoii,  Del.  Quarteriaa-iter- Gen- 
eral—J.  M.  Key  ser,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Jndpe-Adi'ocafr-(re)ie7-iil—ljeviB\ix\lHitt\V'\UfiUurg]),P&.  Inspec- 
tor-General—Hham  McCalmsat,  Mniisfield,  O.  €hie/-oj-Sf((ff—W.  P.  Maddeu,  Xenia,  O.  AcJJulant- 
Ge^icy-ai— William  Botinier,  Koom  82,  Wheeler  Building,  Columbus,  O. 

The  Union  Veteran  Legion  was  organized  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  March,  1S84,  and  the 
National  Organization  was  perfected  November  17,  1.S8G.  Encampments  are  now  organized 
in  21  States  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  numbering  152  encampments.  The  membership 
is  over  20,000.  To  become  a  member,  the  applicant  must  have  been  an  officer,  soldier, 
sailor,  or  marine  of  the  Union  army,  navy,  or  marine  corps  during  the  late  Civil  War,  who 
volunteered  prior  to  July  1,  1863,  for  a  term  of  three  years,  and  was  honorably  discharged 
for  any  cause,  after  a  service  of  at  least  two  continuous  years;  or  was,  at  any  time,  dis- 
charged by  reason  of  wounds  received  in  the  line  of  duty;  also  those  who  volunteered  for 
a  term  of  two  years  prior  to  July  22,  1861,  and  served  their  full  term  of  enlistment,  unless 
discharged  for  wounds  received  in  the  line  of  duty;  but  no  drafted  person,  nor  substitute, 
nor  any  one  who  has  at  any  time  borne  arms  against  the  United  States,  is  eligible.  A 
statement  by  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Legion  says:  "Ft  is  believed  that  those  who 
entered  the  se(r\'ice  prior  to  July,  1863,  had  but  one  object  in  view,  and  that  was  the 
preservation  of  the  Union.  There  were  no  bounties  prior  to  that  date,  nor  were  there  any 
fears  of  a  draft;  consequently,  those  who  sihouldered  a  musket  or  wielded  a  sabre  felt  that 
it  was  a  sacred  duty  to  offer  thedr  lives  in  defence  of  their  country's  honor." 


^Jr  ^mtrican  Qtontintntaln, 

(hmjnandaiit— Co] .  Henry  D.Tyler.  CAt>/-o/-.Si!r(/"— Major- General  O.  O.  Howard, U.  S.  A.  EnaU 
n€€r— Col.  W.DeH.  Washington.  Jiispector-Oene7-al—Co\.Ph\]\p'Reiu\e,  U.S.A.  Judge  Advocate— Go\. 
Homer  Lee.  J£iistorian—Ma]or  L.  G.  Tyler.  Quarte,7naster— Ciiy)t.  Grunt 'Wa.yne.  I^ayniaster— Ca.pt. 
Albert  J.  Squier.    Commissary— Ca.pt.  G.H.  Warren.    ^cO'w<f'"^—Capt.  Louis  H.Cornish. 

The  American  Continentals  is  a  uniformed  patriotic  corps  composed  of  descendants  of 
officers  and  soldiers  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution.  The  staff  headquarters  and  office  of 
th«  Adjutant  are  Hokwix  61,  Drexel   Building,   Wall   and   Broad   Streets,   New  York. 


(tolonial  ^otittsi  of  America* 

P?-es/'(fen/— Stephen  M.  Newman,  A.M.,DD.  Honwary  7*/-enden«— Gen.  Henry  E.  Tremain.  Vice-' 
Pre.sjdfn<s— Herman  W.  Booth  and  Charles  Goodrich.  Treasurer— B9n]a.m'\n  F.  Buck.  Secretary^ 
Theodore  W.Compton,  No.  160  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.  Advisory  Cojnmittee—lLdwaTii  Everett 
Hale,  Levi  P.  Morton,  Benjamin  F.  Tracy,  George  G.  DeWitt,  Charles  W.  Draytou,  Henry  E. 
Tremain. 

The  object  of  this  Society  is  to  advance  historic  research,  and  particularly  to  arouse 
and  sustain  widespread  interest  in  the  perpetuation  of  the  memory  of  the  chief  historic 
events,   places  and  scenes  in  the  colonial  and  revolutionary  periods  of  our  country. 

The  Society  consists  of  members,  patrons  and  fellows.  They  are  persons  interested  in 
American  history  and  the  preservation  of  the  memory  of  historic  scenes  and  places  in  the 
colonial  and  revolutionary  periods. 

The  Society  prepares  each  year  etchings  of  historic  scenes,  buildings  and  places  of 
America,  and  India  proofs  printed  from  the  etching  plates,  signed  by  the  artist,  are  sent 
to  all  members,  patrons  and  fellows  of  the  Society,  together  with  the  Memorial  Book 
at  tihe  Society,  which  contains  a  complete  history  of  the  subjects  represented  in  the 
etchings.  It  also  issues  reproductions  of  rare  documents,  relics,  etc.,  of  historic  value 
pertaining  to  the  period. 

Kf^t  American  Qttonu  ot  J^onor* 

This  life-saving  ordtr  was  organized  A.  D.  1S9S,  and  is  composed  of  persons  upon 
■whom  the  United  States  Governimenjt  has  conferred  the  life-saving  medal  of  honor.  May  1, 
1906,  Congress  incorporated  the  order,  and  the  following  officers  were  elected:  Thomas 
H.  Herndon,  President;  John  J.  Delaney,  Vice-President;  Harry  A.  George,  Secretary,  and 
Richard  Stockton,  Treasurer.  All  persons  who  have  received  the  life-saving  medal  of  honor 
under  any  act  of  Congress  are  eligible  to  membership  in  the  order.  No  membership  fees 
or  annual  dues  are  collected  from  any  member  of  this  order,  only  voluntary  contributions 
being  received  to  assist   in   paying  the   current   expenses. 

The  cross  of  the  order  will  be  conferred  annually  upon  the  person  who  has  rendered 
the  most  heroic  services  in  saving  life  and  who,  also,  has  received  the  medal  of  honor 
of  the  United  States  Government. 


Kntrtstate  TSfatioual  ^uartr  Association* 

This  association  is  composed  of  representatives  of  the  Organized  Militia  of  the  States 
of  the  Union,  and  its  purpose  is  to  conserve  the  interests  of  that  body  of  troops.  The 
last  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Columbia,  S.  C.  The  next  will  be  held  at  Boston,  Mass., 
in  March,    1908.     The   following  are   the   officers: 

I'resident  -Major-General  Charles  Dick,  of  Ohio.  F(ce-Prc.?id€?i/.9— Major- General  George  A.  Moul- 
ton,  of  Illinois;  Brigadier-General  F.  B.  Wood,  of  Minnesota;  Brigadier-General  N.  H.  Henry,  of 
New  York;  Major-General  William  Stopford.  of  Missachusetts;  Brigadier-(^eneral  J.  B  Lauck,  of 
California;  Major-GeneralJamesW.  F.Huglies.ofKar.sas;  Brigadier-General Lawrason  Riggs.of  Mary- 
land; Brijfadier-General  J.  F.  Armfield,  of  North  Carolina;  Brigadier-General  (!.  M.Cole,  of  Connec- 
ticut; Brigadier-General  Roger  D.  Williams,  of  Kentucky.  Secret  a  ry—CiAoual  Can'oll  D.  Evans,  of 
Nebraska.    2'yeasiwev-— Brigadier- General  John  D.  Frost,  of  South  Carolina, 


,  594  American  National  Ked  Cross. 

Commaniier—dien.  Steplien  D.  Lee,  Columbus,  Miss.  Adjuta)U- General  and  Chief  of  Staff— M&jor' 
Gen.  William  E.  Mickle,  New  Orleans,  La. 

Army  of  Northern  Virginia  l)eDartmeut—Co»i»ia/ici<?r— Lieut. -Gen.  C.  Irvine  Walker,  Charleston, 
S. C.     AdJiUnnt-General—Bng.-Gei\.  Richard  B.  Davis,  Petersburg,  Va. 

Army  of  Tennessee  Departm'Ut—Cb/u»irtn(J<'»— Lieut. -Gen.  Clement  A.  Evans,  Atlanta,  Qa, 
AdjiUatit-Oeiiera!— Brig. -Gen.  E.  T.  Sykes,  Columbus,  Miss. 

Trans- Mississippi  Department— O/z/t/jtrtud*?— Lieut. -Gen.  W.  L.  Cabell,  Dallas,  Tex.  Adjutant- 
Oeneral—Bt'ig.-Qien.  A.  T.  Watts,  Beaumont,  Tex. 

The  Confederate  Veteran,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  established  by  S.  A.  Cunningham,  is  the  official  organ. 

This  Association  was  organized  at  New  Orleans,  June  10, 1889.  Its  avowed  purpose  is  strictly  social, 
literary,  historical,  and  benevolent.  Its  constitution  says  that  it  "will  endeavor  to  unite  in  a  general 
federation  all  associations  of  Confederate  veterans,  soldiers,  and  sailors  now  in  existence  or  hereafter 
to  be  formed;  to  gather  authentic  data  for  an  impartial  history  of  the  war  between  the  States;  to  pre- 
serve relics  or  mementoes  of  the  same;  to  cherish  the  ties  of  friendship  that  should  exist  among  men 
who  have  shared  common  dangers,  common  sufferings,  and  privations;  to  care  for  the  disabled  and 
extend  a  helping  hand  to  the  needj';  to  protect  the  widows  and  the  orphans,  and  to  make  and  preserve 
a  record  of  the  resources  of  every  member,  and,  as  far  as  possible,  of  those  of  our  comrades  who  have 
preceded  us  in  eternity. ' '  State  organizations  are  authorized,  and  are  called  Divisions.  The  permanent 
headquarters  of  the  Association  are  at  New  Orleans,  La.  Number  of  Camps,  1,660.  Number  of  mem- 
bers, according  to  last  report,  about  75,000.  The  la-st  reunion  of  the  veterans  was  at  Richmond,  Va., 
May  30— Junes.  1907;  and  the  next  will  be  held  at  Birmingham,  Ala.,  at  a  date  not  yet  named. 


WLxiittn  .Sons  of  (Sroufetrerate  Ueterans. 

The  general  society  of  this  organization,  which  is  composed  of  representatives  of  local  camps 
throughout  the  Uniied  States,  held  its  last  reunion  May  30— June  3, 1907,  at  Richmond,  Va.  The 
following  is  the  official  roster  : 

Commander-ia- Chief— .^o\\l\  W.  Apperson,  Memphis,  Tenn.  Adjutant- General  and  Cliief  of  Staff— 
Nathan  Bedford  Forest,  Memphis, Tenn.  Ju.vpecfor-G'fueray— E.  N.  Scudder.Vicksburg,  Miss.  Quarter- 
master-General—Liouis  M.  De  Saussure,  IMemphis,  Tenn.  Commissary- General— Fontaine  W.  Mahood, 
Washington,  D.  C.  Jndae-Admcate-Genfral— Thomas  B.  Collier,  Memphis, Tenn.  Snrpenn-Gefleral- 
Dr.  Byron  Dozier,  Birniingham,  Ala.     Cliaplain-General—B,ev.  J.  W.  Caldwell,  New  Orleans,  La, 


Winitt^  IBaxiQf^Uvu  of  tijc  C^onfctrcrac^. 

P)-esident—'M.rs,  Lizzie  George  Henderson,  Greenwood,  Miss.  Fii'St  Vice-President— "Mrs.  Alfred 
Hunter  Vorhees,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Second  Vice- President— 'Mr^.  D.  A.  S.  Vaught,  New  Orleans, 
La.  Eecordinp Secretary— 'Mis.  L.  E.  Williams,  Anchorage,  Ky  Corresponding  Secretary-Mrs.  Annie 
"W.  Raplev,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Treasurer— Mrs.  Andrew  L.  Dowdeli,  Opelika.  Ala.  Mrs.  Stonewall 
Jackson,  of  Charlotte,  N.  C.  ;  Mrs.  M.  C.  Goodlett,  of  Nashville,  Tenn.  ;  Mrs.  Clement  C.  Clopton, 
Alabama;  Mrs.  Albert  Sidney  Johnston  Pritchard,  of  California;  Mrs.  Braxton  Bragg,  New  Orleans, 
La.  ;  Mrs.  L.  H.  Raines,  Savannah,  Ga. ;  Mrs.  Jolm  H.  Reasan,  Texas:  Mrs.  John  S.  Williams,  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  ;  Mrs.  Magnus  Thompson,  Washington,  D.  C.are  honorary  presidents  for  life. 

The  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  was  organieed  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  September  10, 
1894.  It  is  composed  of  the  widows,  wives,  mothers,  sisters,  and  lineal  female  descendants  of  men 
who  served  honorably  in  the  army  and  navy  of  the  Confederate  States,  or  who  served  in  the  civil 
service  of  the  Confederate  States  or  one  of  the  Southern  States,  or  who  gave  personal  services  to  the 
Confederate  cause.  There  are  local  federations,  governed  by  suite  divisions,  which  in  turn  are  sub- 
ordinate to  the  general  organization.  The  objects  of  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  as 
stated  in  the  constitution  of  the  society,  are  "social,  literary,  historical,  monumental,  benevolent, 
and  honorable  in  every  degree,  without  any  political  signification  whatever.' '  It  will  endeavor:  (1)  To 
unite  in  the  federation  all  bodies  of  Southern  women  now  organized  or  that  may  hereafter  be 
formed.  (2)  To  cultivate  ties  of  friendship  among  our  women  whose  fathers,  brothers,  sons,  and, 
in  numberless  cases,  mothers,  shared  common  dangers,  sufferings,  and  privations;  and  to  perpetuate 
honor,  integrit.v,  valor,  and  other  noble  attributes  of  true  Southern  character.  (3)  To  instruct  and 
instill  into  the  descendants  of  the  r>eople  of  the  South  a  proper  respect  for  and  pride  in  the  glorious  war 
history,  with  a  veneration  and  love  for  the  deeds  of  their  forefathei-s  which  have  created  such  a 
monument  of  military  renown,  and  to  perpetuate  a  truthful  record  of  the  noble  and  chivalric 
achievements  of  their  ancestors.  All  with  the  view  of  furnishing  authenti*  information  from  which  a 
conscientious  historian  will  be  enabled  to  write  a  correct  and  impartial  history  of  the  Confederate 
side  during  the  struggle -for  Southern  independence.  The  organization  now  has  900  chapters  in 
tHe  United  States,  North  and  South,  with  40,000  members. 


^Societg  of  tije  ^nni)  autr  ISTabs  of  tijc  (Koufetrcrate  <Statrfi 

IN  THK  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 
President— C&V>i.  George   W.   Booth.      Vice-President— Mo-iov  W.  Sttiart  Symington.     Sen-etary— 
Capt.    William    Jj.    Ritter,    541    Carrollton     Avenue,  Baltimore,    Md.       Tieasurer-Cuxn.     F.     M^ 
Colston. 
Socit 
1871 

Confederate  States  and  the  United  States  of  America;  to  honor  the  memory  of  our  comrades  who 
have  fallen ;  to  cherish  the  ties  of  friendship  among  those  who  survive,  and  to  fulfil  the  duties  of  sacred 
charity  toward  those  who  may  stand  in  need  of  them."     The  membership  is  925. 

American  National  Bctr  (ttt^nn. 

TsrcoRPORATED  bj'  Conirress,  1905.  National  Headquarters.  Room  341,  War  Depa  rtment,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  JV&s/V/.^?i/— William  H.  Taft.  Treasurer— \^ee')s.^na.n  Wintlirop.  Counsellor— Allor A  W. 
Cooley.  Serrelani — Charles  L.  Magee.  Chairman  of  Centred  Cb//i"»///^fi—Maj. -General  Geo.  W.  Davis, 
U.  S.  A.,  Ret.  R'lard  of  (^nfuUation—Brig.-GenerXl  Robert  :M.  O'Reilly,  Surgeon-General,  V.  S.  A. ; 
Rear-Admiral  Presley  M.  Rixey,  Surgeon-General,  U,  S,  N.  :  Surgeon-General  Walter  Wvman. 
U.  S.  Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital  Service. 


Principal  Battleships  of  JSTaval  Powers. 


mi 


principal  iJ attics 5 ips  of  Nabal  }3otocrs. 

(Compiled  tioiu  the  latest  authentic  suuices  ol  official  information.    Only  the  principal  and  more 
modern  battleships  are  given.     Most  of  the  powers  have  others  that  are  smaller  and  of  older  types.) 

GREAT    BRITAIN. 


Name. 


Bel lerophon  ( 1 ) 18, 600 

Temeraire(l) 18,600 

Superb(l) 1S,600 

Dreadnought 117,900 

Lord  Nelson 116,000 


-a  . 

hi)  -^ 

3  J. 

r  « 


Agamemnon. 
Edvvara  VII. 


29 

29 
29 
31 

27 


—    1-    ^ 
O    O    > 


(4 


16,600  27 
16,850  27 


23,0001906 
23,000  1907 
23,000  1907 
•J3. 000  1905 
20,000  1904 


20.000  1904 
18,000  1902 


o  .  a 
'-  B.2 

■<^  o  «^ 


1909 
1909 
909 
1906 
1907 


1907 
1905 


Commonwealth 16,350  27  18,538  1902  1905 


Dominion 16, 350!  27 


Hindustan. 
New  Zealand. 
A  f  rica 


16,3501  27 
1 6, 350,  27 


Hibernia. 
Queen .... 


16, 350 

Britannia 1 16. 350 

16,350 
15,000 

15,000 
14. 150 


Prince  of  Wales....... t 

Hood 


Formidable .15,000 

Irreslstable 15, 000 

Implacable il5,000 

Loudon :15,000 


27 
27 
27 
29 


18.438 
18.521 
18.440 
18,698 
18,698 
18,»98 
15,000, 


1902 
1902 
1903 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 


1905 
1905 
1905 
1906 
1906 
1906 
1904 


29   15,000  19011904 
28  13,000,    ..      1893 


27 


15.000  1898  1901 


27  15,000  189811902 
27  15.000  1898  1902 
29  15,345  1896  1902 


Venerable ,15,000'  29  1 15. 345  1899 i  1902 


Bulwark 15,800 

Magnificent 14,900 

Majestic \1A,  900 

Prince  C^eorge 114, 900 

Victorious 14.900 

Csesa  r 14, 900 


Hannibal 

Illustrious 

Jupiter 

Mars 

Royal  hjovereigu. 


14,900 
4.900 
14,900 
14,900 
14,150 


Hamillies 14.150 

Empress  of  India 14.150 

Resolution 14,150 

Royal  Oak 14.150 

Repulse 14.150 

Revenge 14, 150 

Albemarle 14,000 

Cornvvallis 'l4,000 

Duncan 14.000 

Exmouth 14,000 

Rus.seli 14,000 

Cano  pus 1 1 2, 950 

Ocean 12.  950 

Goliath 12,950 

Olory 12,950 

Albion 12,950 

Vengeance 12. 950 

Swiftsure 11, 800 


29 
28 

28 

28 
28 
28 
28 
28 
28 
28 
28 

28 
•.  8 
28 
28 
28 
28 
27 


15,345  1899 
112.000  1893 


1902 
1895 


j  12,  COO  1894 '189 
12,000  1894  1896 
1 12, 000  1894  1897 


12.000  1895 
12,000  1894 
12,000  1895 
12,000  1<S94 
12.000  1894 


1898 
1897 
1898 
1897 
1897 


13,312  1899,1902 


13,312  1889 
13.312  1890 
13,312  1891 
13,312  1890 
13,312  1889 
13. 312  1889 
18, 296  1900 


1893 
1893 
1893 
1904 
1904 
1895 
1903 


27  18,296  1899  1904 


•-7 
27 
27 
26 


18,296  1899  1903 
18.296  1899  1903 
18,296  lfS99  1903 
13,500  189711900 


26  13,500  1897  1900 
26  13.5<iO  1S97  1900 
26  13,500  1896  1901 
26  13.500  18^^6  1902 
26  13.500  18971901 
25   12,500  1902  1904 


Triumph ill. 800  25 

Barfleur(2) '10.500  20 


Centurion  (2) 10,500  26  13,163  18911893 


12,  .500  1902  1904 
13,163  1890  1894 


Cost. 


Akmament. 


Guns. 


10 12- in 


•liu. 


$9,065,500  1012-in.,27  12-pdr. 
8,040,410  4  12-in.,  10  9-in.,  15 
12-pdr.,  16  3-pdr., 
6  Pompons,  2  M. 


8,025,325 
7,366,225 


6,962,055 


6,828,950 
7,272,<>o0 
7,121,875 
7,307,145 
7,253.785 
7.224,140 
5,274,995 

5,570,395 
5,162,045 

5,113,525 

5,240,680 
4,945.580 
5,189,975 


4  12-in.,  4  9-in.,  10 
6-in.,  12  12-pdr., 14 
3-pdr.,  2  Max 

4  12-in..4  9-in.,10  6 
in.,  14  12-pdr.,  16 
3-pdr 


>  ( 
t  < 


4  12-in.,  12  6-in.,  18 
12-pdr.,  8 3-pdr.. 

4  13-in.,  10  6-in.,  10 
6-pdr.,  12  3-pdr. 

4  12-in.,  12  6-in.,  18 
12pdr.,  8 3-pdr.. 


4 12-in.,  12  6-in.,   16 
r2-pdr.j8  3-pdr.. 


o    . 

'O    GO 

5 
5 
5 
5 


5,463.765 
4,889.230 
4,543,94514 12-in.,  12  6-in.,  18 
12-pdr.,  12  3-pdr.. 
4,581,910 
4,477.520 
4,426.060 
3,540,848 
4.533,995 
4,472,925 
4.510.055 
4,512.010 
4,195.680 


<  t 


<< 

i  < 


4,513.000 
4.231.605 
4,377.610 
4.496.360 
3.405.896 
4.-  80.505 
5.049,175 

,5.115.735 
5.115.735 
5.162.045 
5.189.975 
3,466,064 

3,635,102 
3.364.054 
3,364.056 
3.434.980 
3.345.668 
4,225,180 


4,227.395 
2,913,025 


2,965,220 


4  13-in.,  10  6-in.,  16 
6-pdr.,  12  3-pdr.. 


t  < 

1 1 


4 12-in.,  12  6-in., 
6-pdr.,  8  3-pdr. 


12 


4 12-in.,  6  12-in.,  12 
12-pdr.,  8  3-pdr.... 


1 1 

1 1 


410-in.,  14  7-in.,  14 
14-pdr  ,12  12-pdr., 
12  6-pdr 


410-in.,10("-in.,2  9- 
pdr.,  8  6-pdr.,  9  3- 
pdr..  12  6- pdr 


UNITED    STATES. 

A  full  statement  of  the  Battleships  of  the  United  states  Navy  will  be  found  ou  page  660. 


•Q   CO 

El 


4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 

4 
4 


4 
4 
4 

4 
4 
4 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

4 
4 

4 
4 
4 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 


3 
3 


"S. 


21  8«MJ 
21  8«.0 
21  |8(iO 
21  1800 


18  865 
18  865 


18 


777 


18 
18 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 

18 
18 

17 

18 
18 
18 

18 
18 
18 

17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 

17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 

18 
18 

18 

18  1750 

18  1750 

18  '7OQ 
18  700 


777 

777 
777 
777 
777 
777 
777 

900 
900 

730 

750 
750 
750 

755 

755 

757 
757 

757 

757 
757 
757 
757 
757 
757 

730 
730 
730 
730 
730 
730 
730 

750 
750 
750 


18 
18 
18 
18 


19 


700 
700 
700 
700 


700 


19  700 


18 
18 


625 
625 


m 


Principal  J^atdeships  of  j^avcit  Powe7*S. 


FRANCE. 


Namb. 


Baiiton  (1) 


Mirabenu  (1).. 
Diderot  (1).... 
Comlorcet  il) . 
Verguiaml  (1). 
Voltaire  (1)... 
Bemocratie,... 


Justice 

IJberte 

Verite  (D... 
Kepublique. 


Patiie.. 
Suliren. 


Charlemagne. 


St.  Louis. 
Gaulois .. 
Bouvet... 


Massena 

C'Jiarles  Martel. 

Caruot 

Jaureguiberry.. 
Breuuus 


17,710 

17,710 
17,Tlo 
17,710 
17,710 
17.710 
14,635 

14,6.35 
14,635 
14,(;35 
14,t35 


27 

27 
27 
27 
27 
27 
28 


^  ^  it 


t4 


N 


22,500  1906:1910 

I 
22,500  inOG  1010 

22.5»MJ  1907  1911 

22.500  1907  1911 

22.500  1907  1912 

22,500  1907  1912 

18,000  1903,1907 


Cost. 


Akma.mknt. 


Guns. 


28  118.000  1903  1907 
28  18,000  1903  1907 
28  18,000  1903  1908 
28  19,626  1901,1900 


14,635  28 
12,527;  28 

11,105  28 

11,105  28 
11,1051  28 
12,007  28 


Henri  IV.. ..I., 
Bouvines  ...... 

Trehouart 

Jemmappes.. 

Valmy 

Furieux  (2)... 


.-^^v. 


Indomptable  (2). 


Caiman  (2). 
Kequin  (2)., 


11.735 
11,693 
11,954 
11,637 
11,190 

8,807 
6.6.-'l 
6,691 
6,474 
6,474 
5,925 

7,105 

7,050 

7.078 


19,626  1902  1906 
16,500  1899,1903 

14,500  1894  1899 

14,500  18951900 
14,500  1896  1899 
14,000,1893  1898 


27  13, 500 ;  1892  1898 

28  14. 996i  1891  1896 

27  16.300  1891  1896 

28  15. 800  1891  1896 
26  14, 000  1889  1895 


23 
23 

23 
22 
23 
22 

23 

25 

25 


11,. '00  1897  1903 
8,400  1890  189 
8,400  1890  1896 
9.2.50  1889  i  1895 
8.9.">4  1889!l895 
5,033,188311905 

6, 605  1883  1903 

6,000'l8a5  1903 
7, 000  1885  1903 


$8,006,120 

9.016,120 
10,004,120 
10,004,120 
10.^)04,120 
10.004  120 

4,892,720 

8.351,925 
8.262, 180 
8,307,055 
7,61o.6b0 

8,374,350 
5,977,820 

5,482,160 

5,404,985 
5,46^),625 
5,503,850 

.5,502,000 
5.464,150 
5.3.50,440 
5,347,680 
4,958,835 


4  12-in.,  12  9-iii. ,  16 
12-pdr. ,  8  3-pdr.... 


412-in..  10  7-in. .  26 
J^-in. ,  214-in.. .. 


412-in.,  18  6-in,,  26 
J^-iu. .  214-iu.... 


4  l2-in.,  10  6-in.,  8 
3-iu.,   20  i^-in... 

4  12-iu.,  10  5-in. ,  8 
3-iu 


2  12- in.,  2  10-in,, 
5-in.... 


8 


313-in. ,  10  6-in., 
9-pdr. ,  14  3pdr. 
2  10-in.,  7  5-iM.... 
2  12-in. ,  8  3-iu.... 


4,006,240 

2,973,200 

2,965.500 

2,625,000  2  13-in. ,  4  3-in... 

2, 894, 785 1 

1,323,200  2  9-in.,   4  9-pdr., 

3-pdr 

2  13-in.  ,  4  3-in., 

3-pdr. 


o    . 

0}  <v 

>-    3 


8 
10 


2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 
2 

2 
2 


2 
2 
2 

2 

2 
2 
2 
2 

6 
2 
2 

C 

^. 

2 
2 


2 

2 
2 


GERMANY. 


Ereatz-^achsen  (1) 

Ersatz-Baiern.  (1) 

Ersatz- Baden  (1) 

Ersatz-W  urttemb'  g(  1) 
Deutschlaud 

Hannover 

^5chle9^vig-Hol stein  (1) 

Ponimern 

.Scblesien  (1) 

Braunschweig 


Hessen 

Elsa,ss. 

Preussen 

IjOtfiringen., 
Wittelsbach, 


Wettin 

ZahriuKea 

Schwaben 

^Mecklenburg 

Kaiser  Fredericl?  III.. 
K.  WilhelniderGrosse 

K.  Wiilielni  IT 

K.  Karl  derGrosse. ... 

K.  Barbaiossa 

Brandeuburg 


Weis.senburg 

Worth 

Kurfnrst    Fried  rich 
Wilhelm 

COAST    RKRVICK 
BATTI.KSHIPS. 

Siegfried 


BUdebraud 4,iaol  18 


17.710 
17,710 
17,710 

17.710 
13,200 

13.200 
13,200 
13.2^1) 
13,200 
13,200 

13,200 
13,200 
13,200 
13.200 
11,830 


19 
19 
19 

19 
25 

25 
25 
25 
25 
26 

26 

Lje 

26 
26 
28 


11,830 

11.830 

11,8.30 

11,830 

11.150 

11,1.50 

11,1.50 

11.1.50  28 

11.1.50|  28 

10,060  26 


28 
28 
28 
28 
28 
28 
28 


10,060  26 
10,060,26 


24.0001906 
24,000  1907 
24,000  19  '7 
24.000  1907 
16,000,1903 

16.000']904 
16,000  19(14 
16,0001904 
16,000  1904 
16,0001901 

16  000  1902 
16,000  1901 
16,0t;0  1902 
16,000  il9(  2 
15, 000  1898 

15.000  1809 
15,000  1899 
15,000  1900 
15,000  1900 
14.000  1895 
14,000  1898 
14.000  1896 
14,000  18981 
14,000  1898 
10,000  1890: 
I  I 
10,000  1890 
10,000  1890, 


19(J9 
1909 
1910 
1910 
1906 

1907 
1908 
1907 
1908 
1904 

1905 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1902 

1902 
1902 
1903 
1903 
1898 
1901 
1900 
1901 
1901 
1894 

1894 
1894 


10,060  26 


4.1.50  18 


10,000  1890x894 


5,100  (8) 


100 


(8) 


(9) 
(9) 


6, 070,000 

6.070,000 
6.070,000 
6,070.000 
6,070.000 

5,787,500 

5,787,500 
5,787,50<J 
5,787,500 
5  787., 500 
5,500,000 

5.500,000 
5,500.CKX) 
5. 500, 000 
5,500.010 
4,812,-500 
4. 812,-500 
4,812,-500 
4,812.500 
4.812,-500 
3,720,000 

3,720,{XX) 
3,720,000 

3,720,000 


(10) 
(10) 


1611-in.^^22  24-pdr. 


411-Jn.,  14  6-in. 
24-pdr 


20 


1  > 


4-11  in. ,  14  6-in. 
24-pdrs 


12 


4  9-in. ,  18  6-ln. 
15-pdr 


,  12 


6 

19 

6 

19 

6 

19 

6 

19 

6 

18 

6 

18 

6 

18 

6 

18 

6 

18 

6 

18 

6 

18 

6 

18 

6 

18 

6 

18 

•  < 


6  11-in., 
15-pdr. 


8  4-ln.,  8 


3  9-in.,  10  15-pdr., 
6  1-pdr 


Principal  J3atttes/nps  of  l^avat  Powerfi. 


m 


GER  MAy.X—Continurfl. 


Namk. 


Beowulf .. 

Hageii 

Friihjof .. 

Odin 

Heinidall. 
Aesii". . 


lai-e- 
iil. 

ns. 

hi 

2 

*  3  H 
hi 

1=^ 

a'"  "5. 

4,1'50 

18 

5.100 

(8) 

(9) 

.  4,150 

18 

5,100 

(8) 

(9) 

4,150 

18 

5.100 

(8) 

(9) 

4,150 

18 

5,100 

(8) 

(9) 

4. 150 

18 

5.100 

(8) 

(9) 

4.150 

18 

5,100 

(8) 

(9) 

Cost. 


(10) 
(10)' 
(10) 
(10) 
(10) 
(10) 


Armament. 


Guiis. 


3  9-in  ,   10  15-pdr, 
61-pdr 


•o  «■ 

rs  ^1 

aJ  O 

o  ^ 

r-t  ~ 

4 

15 

4 

15 

4 

15 

4 

15 

4 

15 

4 

15 

297 
'297 
•297 
297 
297 
297 


JAPAN. 


Satsurua{l). 


Oki(l)..., 
Kasliima. 


Katori ,«*f.. 

Iviikasa  ....;.. ... 


Sbikishima. 


Asahi ...... 

Ivvami  (3). 


Hizen  (4). 
Suv\-o  (5). 


Sagami  (6).... 
Fuji 


Tango  (7). 


18.800,29 

18.800'  29 
16, 400 1  27 

16,4nol  27 
15,200i  28 

15,000  28 

15,000  28 
13,560.-26 


27,000  1906  1909 

27.000  1905  1908 
17.000  1904,1906 

17,000  I904'l906 
15,000  1899  1^02 

I 
14,500  1897  1900 

14..")00  1897  1901 
116,500  1900  1904 


12, 700 

12,674 

12.674 
12,300]  29 

11.000  28 


25  16,000  13981902 

I      I    I 
27  14,500  1898  1902 


27 


14.500  18f.5  1901 
13,090  18t  4  1S97 

I  I  I 

9,000  18&2  1898 


$5,000,000 


412-iu.,  r210-in.,r2 
4-in 


4  12-in.,  4  10-in.,  12 
6-iu„  12  12-pdr.... 

4  12-in.,  14  6-in.  20 
12-pdr.,  8  3-pdr.... 

412-iii.,  14  6-in.,  20 
12-pdr.,  8  3-pdr.. . . 

4 12-in.,  12  6-in.,  20 

3-iii.,  20  3-ixir 

4r2-in.,r2  6-in.,  20 
12-pdr..  20  3-pdr.. 
5,000.000  4  iO-in.,11  6-in.,  20 

I    r2-pdr 

5,  OfiO.  000 

5,500,000  4  12-in.,  10  6-in.,  16 

I    12-ptlr 

5,500,0004  12-in..  12  6  in.,  16 
I    3  i>dr.- 


5 
5 

5 
5 


20 
20 

18  980 
18  980 

18  935 

18  '741 
18  1 741 

18   750 

18  750 

19  732 
19  732 

18  600 

16  1750 


F?USSiA. 


Tmperator  Pavel  (1)... 

AndreiPervo.swanni(l 
Slava  

'Tsessarevitch 


Pantelimon. 
levstafi  (1).- 


Zlatoust  (1). 
Trisvititelia. 


Rostislav 

Georgi  Pobiedonegetz. 


17,400,  27  ,17,600  1903:1909 


17.400 
13.566, 

13,380 

12,480 

12,733 

12,733 
13,318 

8,880 
10,280 


27 
2(3 

I 

28 

27 

27 

27 
27 

24 
26 


17.600 
16,500 

16,300 

10,600 

10,600 

10,600 
10,600 

8,500 
10,600 


1903  1909 
1902  1905 

1899  1904 

I 
1898^1902 

1905   .... 

I 

1905!  .... 

1893  1896 

1896  1899 
1892  1896 


$6,000,000i4  12-in.,  12  8-in.,  20, 

4-in 

6,000.000' 

7.500,000  4 12-in.,  12  6-in.,  20 

I    3-in 

6.000,000  412-in..  12  •  -in. .  20 

I    r2pdr..  2  9-pdr....l 

5,000,000  412-in.,  16  6-in.,  14! 

3-in i 

412-in.,  166-in.,  14i 

3-in 

6,CK)d,000  4  12-in.,    8  6-in.,    4 

I    4-in 

4,250.(X)0  4  10-in.,  8  5-iM 

2.155.000  6  12- in.,  7  6-in 


6 
6 

4 

4 

5 

5 
5 

6 
6 

7 


18 
18 

18 


750 


18  732 

17  j636 

16  731 

16  ,731 

18  582 
16  624 
16  500 


ITALY. 


Vittorio  Emanuele.. 


Regina  Elena. 

INapoli  (1) 

Boma  (1 ) 

Benedetto 


Regina  INrargherita 

Ammiraglio  dist.  Bon. 

Emanuele  Filibertc. . . 


10,625  26 


10,625 
10.625 
10,625 
13,427 


13.427 

9,800 

9,800 


26 
26 
26 

27 


27 
26 

26 


20,000, 1901il907|  $5,600,000 


20.000  1901 '1907 
2«3.(X)0  1003  1908 
20,000  1903,1908 
14,000,1898  1904 


14,000  1898  1904 
9,000  1897  1901 

9,000  189711902 


5.600.000 
5,600,000 
5.600,(X)0 
5.750,000 


2  12-in.,  12  8-iii.,  12 
12-pdr 


...I 

4  12-in.    4  8-in. ,  12 

6-in,.  16  12-pdr.,  8 

6-pdr 

5.750,000  " 

3,500, 000  4 10-in.,   86-in.,  84- 

I     in.,  6  6-pdr 

3,500,000'4 10-in.,  8  6-in.,  8  4- 
I  in..  6  12-pdr.,  6  3- 
I    pdr 


4 
4 
4 

4 


22 

22 
22 
22 


18  720 

18  ,720 

16  542 


16  1542 


Ersatz  Teggethofl  (1). 

Stefanie  (1) 

Rudolf  (1) 

Erzberzog  Karl 


"          Fried  rich. 
Max  


Habsburg. 


Arpad 

Babenburg. 


14.500 
14,500 
14.. ",00 
10,000 

10, 000 ' 

10.000 

8,340j 

8.340 
8.3,0 


25 


25 
25 

25 
25 


AUSTl^O-HUNCARY. 

....  1907  1910 
....  1907  1911 
1907  1912 


14,000  1901  1905 

I      I     I 
14.0O0  1002  1906 
14.000  lOC:?  1907 
11,900  18£'9  1903 

I      I     I 
11,900  ISC  9  1903 
11.900  19<.0  1904 


412-iu.,  8 9-in... 


$3,6.50,000  4  9-in..  12  7-in.,  14 
I  12-pdr 

3,  ('50  000 

3.6.50  < too! 

2,504. 0(XH2  6-in.,  3  9-in..  10 
I  12-pdr 

2.640.000,   . 

2,640.000'  '' 


2 
2 

2 

2 

2 
2 


20 
LO 
20 


19  700 
19  700 
19  700 

18  638 
18  i638 
18  1638 


S'A^EDENa 
Osoar  II I    4,2751  16T8. 600,19C«|  ....  I 


2 8-in..  8«-ln.,  106- 
pdr 


2  I  18  1326 


598 


Principal  Battleshi^yB  of  Kaval  PoioerS. 


NORWAY. 

Displace- 
ment. 
Tons. 

Q 

To 

16 

Cost. 

AUMAMBNT. 

11 

17 
17 

•*£ 

Naub. 

Guns. 

u   - 

2 
2 

•  a 

Norg'e 

3,800 
3,800 

4,850 
4.850 

1898 
1898 

1901 
1901 

$1,750,000 
1,750,000 

2  8-in. 
pdr.. 

,  66-in.,812- 

V50 

Eidsvold 

(i 

250 

DENMARK. 

ileiJuf  Trolle. 


Olfert  Fi.scher, ... 
PederSkiain  (1). 


4,200  1896  1901 

I  I 

4,200  1896  1901 
4,200     ..    I     .. 


2  9-in. 
pdr. 


16-in.,10  6- 


3 

16 

3 

16 

3 

16 

2.50 
•250 
250 


THE 

NETHERLANDS. 

Troiiip 

5,300  18 

4,950  18 

4,950  18 
4.950  18 

6,000  1«04  !«()«,      1    7S7  .«^fm  "2   P.iii        4   fi-in        1(1 

3 

3 
3 
3 

5,300 

5,300 
5,3o0 

1898  1902 

1900  1904 

1899  1903 

1,737,500 

1,737,500 
1,737,500 

12-pdr 

16  344 

Koningin  Regentes 

29-iii..  46-in.,  8  12- 
pdr 

1 
16  320 

I)e  Ruvter 

16  320 

llertog  Heiidrik 

10  320 

SPAIN. 


Pelayo 

Emperador  Carlos  V. . . 
Prince.sa  de  Asturias. . 


Cataluna 

Keiua  Kegeute. 


9,950  28 8,000 
9,200  29  15,000 

7,000  25  10,000 

7.000  25  10.0<X) 
5,372   19  15,0.0 


1887(1890 
1893  1898 

1896 

1900 
1899 


2  12-iu.,  2  11-iii.,  9 
5- in. ,  12  2- pdr.,  9 
1-pdr.,  1  M 

2  9-in.  8  5-in. ,  4  4- 
in.,  2  12-pdr.,  8  6- 
pdr 

2  9-in.,  8  6-in. ,  2  12- 
pdr.  ,  8  6-pdr 

10  6-in..  12  6-pdr!,* 
2  1-pdr. 


16 


1^ 

18 
18 

21 


621 


600 

497 
497 

497 


PORTUGAL. 


Vasco  da  Hama. 


3,100  20 


6,000  1875  1902, 


660,000,2  8- in.,  1 6-in..  112- 
I    pdr.,  63-})dr 


2  I  15  1218 


TURKEY. 


Mes.soudieh 

10,000 

27 

11,000  1874 11876 i          ....          ,2  9-in.,  12  6-in. .  14 

12-pdr.  ,  10 6-pdr., 

2  3-pdr. ,  2  field.... 

16  600 

Assar-I-Tewfik 

5,000 

25 

3,560 

1903  1907 

•  •  •  t 

3  6-in.  .  7  4-iu.,6  6- 
pdr 

, , 

13  320 

GREECE. 


Hydri 


Spetsal.. 
Psara 

Pisa  (1;. 


Alnaefi  (1). 


5,000  24     6,700  188911891 


5,000  24 
5,(X)0  24 
9,  830,  23 

9.830' 23 


6.700  1889 '1891 

<i,700  1890 1 1892 

18,000  1906  19091 

18,OOo'i90g'1909I 


3  10-in. ,  5  6-in.,  1 
4- in.  ,  8  9- pdr.,  4 
3- pdr.,  12  1-pdr... 


4  10-in..  8  8-in. 
12-pdr.... 


16 


3 
3 
3 

3 
3 


17  440 
17  !440 
17  440 

22  550 
22  1550 


ARGENTINE    REPUBLIC. 


I  ndependencia. 
Libertad^ 


2,336,  13 
2,336  13 


2, 780  1891  1893 

I 
2,780  1890  1892 


880,000  2  9-in,,  4  4-in. ,  4  3- 

I    pdr.,  21-pdr 

880,000  2  9-in. .  4  4-in. ,  4  3- 
I    pdr.,  21-pdr 


2 
2 


14  225 
14  225 


BRAZIL. 

Riarhnelo 

5,700 
3.162 
3.162 

22 
15 
15 

7,000  1883,1895     1,826,000 
3,400  1896  1901 
3.400  1896  1901 

4  9-in. ,  H  4-in.,  6  3- 
mlr  .  15  M 

5 

2 
2 

16 

390 

D^odoro 

2  9-in.,  4  4-in.,  2  12- 
pdr.,  4  6-pdr 

Floriano 

14 
14 

2(X) 
200 

CHILE. 


(apitan  Prat. 


6,901,26  12,000  1888,1893      1,955,000  4  9-in. ,  8  4-in. ,  6  6- 

jdr. ,   4  3-pdr.,  10 
l-pdr.  .  5  Max 


i  r. 


4   1 18  480 


NoTKs— 1.  Huiiiling.  2.  Reconstructed.  3.  Formerly  the  Ru.ssiiin  Oriel,  caplured  1905.  4. 
Formerly  the  Rnssiun  Retvizan,  scuttled  at  Port  .Artnur  and  raised  September,  1905.  6.  Formerly 
tlie  Russian  Pobieda,  scuttled  during  war  and  salved  liK)5.  6.  Formeilv  the  Russian  Peresviet, 
scuttled  during  war  and  salved  190.5.  7.  Formerlv  the  Russian  Poltava,  sunk  during  war  and  .salved 
1905.  8.  Keels  laid  from  1888  to  1892.  9.  Completed  from  1899  to  1903.  10.  Cost  from  $850,000 
to  $1,167,600. 


Civil  Lists  of  Earopean  Sovereigns, 


599 


.Statistics  of  tfte  (Countries  of  ttjc  5l2aoiitr, 


Countries. 


Population. 


China 

British  Empire* ,  . 

KuftsiHii  Empire 

United  Sutesf 

United  States  and  Islands^ 

Philippines 

Porto   Rico 

Hawaii 

Tntulla,  Samoa 

Guam 

France  and  Colonies 

Franc? 

Colonies 

Algeria 

Senegal,  etc 

Tunis 

Cayenne 

Cambodia 

Cochin-Chlna 

Tonquin 

New   Caledonia 

Tahiti 

Sahara 

Madagascar 

German  Empire,  in  Europe 

Prussia 

Bavaria 

Saxony 

Wiirttemberg 

Baden . 

Alsace-Lorraine 

Hesse 

Mecklenburg-Si-h  werin. . 

Hamburg 

Brunswick 

Oldenburg 

Saie-Weimar 

Auhalt 

Saxe-Meiniugen 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 

Bremen 

Saxe-Altenburg 

Lippe 

Reiisa  (younger  line) 

Meckleuburg-Strelitz 

Schwaraburg-ItMdolstadI 

Schwarzburg-!?'>nderh'n. 

Lubeck 

Waldeck 

Renss  (elder  line) 

Schaumburg-Lippe 

German  Africa 

Austro-Hungarian  Empire. 
Japan  (with  Formosa).. 
Netherlands 

Netherlands  and  Colotiies 

Borneo 

Celebes 

Java 

Moluccas 

New  Guinea 

Sumatra. 

Surinam 


^.3-',000.000 

;{92,846,8o5 

14  ■.,796,6011 

86,499,0  0 

95.500.000 

7,635,426 

953,24:( 

154.001 

5,800 

8,661 

92  531,325 

38.961.945 

S.i,  J  12.340 

4.^::9,.^6•; 

4.. 23. 000 

1,900.000 

X2.90S 

1..^00.000 

2.9  '.s.ssa 

7,000,000 

51. .M4 

10,300 

2.550.000 

2.."  05.000 

60.641.27h 

37,293, "21 

6.524,3  •! 

4.5iiS,601 

2.  ;0-M79 

2.010.728 

1.814,564 

1.209,175 

625,015 

874,87»< 

485,95>< 

4:8.856 

38-i,095 

328,029 

26-<,'.lln 

242,432 

2K3,440 

206,508 

145,577 

144,.'.>'4 

103,451 

96,8:  ;5 

85.152 

105,857 

59,127 

70,f.O-. 

44,9  2 

12,210.000 

4h,973.359 

49.732.9.2 

5,5;'1,701 

41,.S47,182 

1.129.889 

1.878,47:< 

28.746,6,s8 

410.190 

200,000 

3,1'.8.::12 

70.007 


Sq.  Miles. 


1, 


4.277.170 

1 1 .435,283 

8,'ib0,.S'.i.". 

3,602,990 

3.7.^6.8'*4 

122.000 

3.60'. 

6,449 

54 

20H 

4,'.'96.13« 

207,0.1-; 

4,08.1,076 

ls4.4:4 

806,000 

;.  1,000 

30,.>00 
37,400 
22,000 
46,400 
7,650 
6l>0 
.'i44,000 
227.000 

208,8  ;o 

1.54, 6  OS 
29,28-.' 
5,787 
7,.VJ8 
5,821 
.=i,600 
2,965 
5,13.T 

1.^8 

1,424 

2,479 

1,:!86 

906 

953 

755 

9" 

511 

4rt'.i 

319 
l,l:'.l 

36:-! 

333 
11.5 

iX>. 
122 

l.;i 

9ni,460 

2i-.l,03.S 

147,665 

12,648 

79.1,(^48 

212,737 

71.470 

50,554 

4::,864 

1.51.789 

lf.1.612 

46,060 


Capitals. 

Peking. 

London. 

St.  Petersbur; 

Wa.<ihinpton. 

Washington. 

Manilji. 

San  Juan, 

tlunolulu. 


Paris. 
Paris. 


Algiers. 
St.  Louis. 
Tunis. 
Cayenne, 
Saigon. 


Hapoi. 
Noumea. 


.Antananarivo 

Berlin. 

Berlin. 

.Munich. 

Dresiien. 

Stuttgart. 

Karlsruhe. 

Stra.sburg. 

Dannstadt. 

Scliwerin. 


COUNTKIES. 


Turkish  Empire.... 
European  Turkey. 
Asiatic  Turkey..'. 


Brunswick. 

Oldenburg. 

Weimar. 

Dessau. 

Meiningeu. 

(lOtlia. 


Altenburg. 

Uetmold. 

Gera. 

Neu  Strelitz. 

llmloM.adt. 

S'ndersliausen 


Arnlseu. 

(ireiz. 

Buckebnrg. 


Vienna. 
Tokio. 

Ams'er.lam  , 
Anisterd.im. 


Batavia. 
Ambovna. 


Paramaribo. 


Tripoli 

Bulgaria 

Egypt 

Italy  

Italy  ami  Colonies 

Abyssinia 

Eritrea 

Somal  Coast 

S]>ain 

Spanish  Africa 

Spanish  Islands 

Brazil 

Mexico 

JKorea 

j  Congo  State 

!  Persia 

I  Portugal 

Portugal  and  Colonies. . 

Portuguese  Africa 

Portuguese  Asia 

ISweden 

i  Norway 

Morocco 

Belgium 

Siain 

Koumania 

Argentine  Uepnblic 

Colombia 

Afghanistan 

Chile 

Peru . . 

Switzerland 

Bolivia 

(rreece 

Denmark 

Denmark  an. I  Colonies. 

Iceland . . 

Greenl.and 

West  Indies  

Venezuela 

Servia 

Liberia 

Nepaul 

Cuba 

Oman 

Gu.atemala 

Ecuador 

Hayti 

Salv.ador 

Uruguay 

Khiva.". 

Paraguay 

Honduras: 

Nicaragua 

Dominican  Ke|>ublic 

Costa  Rica 

Panama 

Monteuegro 


Population 


Sij.  Miles.        Capitals. 


39.787,640 

6.130,200 

16,.v98,70o 

1,000.000 

3.744,:.00 

9.821,100 

32,475,253 

36,.825,2 

3,  .500,000 

4.50.000 

400.000 

18.891,574 

2:3,700 

127,172 

19,910.646 

13,607,2..'. 

10,519,000 

30.000,000 

7,6.5.1,000 

5.423,132 

14.582.084 

8,24-<,527 

910.42.5 

5, 294,88  .^ 

2.240.0  2 

5,000.000 

7.074.9 :0 

5.OO0.OOO 

5.912,520 

5,974,771 

4.500,000 

4,000,000 

5.000.000 

2,9-1,814 

3, .SI  5,443 

2,2h7,935 

2,433,806 

2,606.26S 

2,58.5,660 

78,470 

11,893 

30,52 

2,323,52 

2,493,770 

2,060.000 

4,000.000 

1,722.953 

1 ,500.000 

1,842, l:'4 

1.. 500,000 

1,41H),000 

1,006,>4 

1,10;,040 

800.000 

6:;5,571 

.500,  U  4 

428.191 

610,000 

341.590 

361,000 

228,000 


1,622.080 

65,3.50 
693,610 
398,000 

37,200 
400,000 
110,;.60 
449,0-.0 
1.50,000 

88.. 500 

100,000 

l-.'4,78:'. 

253,580 

1.957 

3,218,130 


Coustantin'pla 


Tripoli. 

Soha. 

Cairo. 

Home. 

Rome. 


Madrid. 


Rio  Janeiro. 
767,005 [City  of  Mexico 
82,000  Seoul. 

900,000        

62S,000|  Teheran. 

Lisbon. 

Lisbon. 


:;5,490 
8:;8,442 
793,980 
8,972 
172,876 
124,129 
219,000 

11,373 
220,000 

50,720 
1.1.35.840 
4:;8,436 
215,400 
291,. 544 
697,640 

15,976 
709,000 

25,014 

1.5,388 


Stockholm. 

Kristiania. 

Fez. 

Brussels. 

Bangkok. 

Bucharest. 

Buenos  Ayres. 

Bogota. 

Cabul. 

Santiago. 

Lima. 

Berne. 

La  Paz. 

.Athens. 

Copenhagen. 
1 02,022 1  Copenhageu. 
39,756  Rejkiavik. 
46,740  (Jodthaab. 

138 
593,943 
18,630 
35,00( 
54.000 
45,883 
82,000 
48,290 
429,000  Quito. 
10,204  Port  an  Prince 
7,22.5  San  Salvador. 
72.2101  Montevideo. 
22,320  Khiva. 
196,349  Asuncion. 
4 li, 250 1  Tegucigalpa. 
49,200  Managua. 
18,045  San  Domingo. 
18.400  San  Jose. 
32.380,' Panama. 
3,630;Cettiuje. 


Caracas. 

Belgrade. 

Monrovia. 

Kliatmandu. 

Havana. 

Muscat. 

N.Gu.atemala. 


mt^iX  aists  oC  I5ur 


♦The.se  estimates  of  the  population  and  area  of  the  British  Empire  in.Iu.ie  the  re.-ently  acquireil  posse-ssions  in  Africa.  I'or 
sf.aiistics  in  lietail  see  tabular  page  entitle.)  "The  British  Empire."  t  Estimated  for  1907  by  tlie  United  States  Comptroller  of  the 
Currency,  t  Estimated  for  .January  1.  1908.  The  population  and  area  of  the  Latin  American  nations  are  those  reported  by 
the  Bureau  of  Am.-ricau  Republics  for  1907-8. 

opcan  .Sobrreiflus, 

Prussia,  King  of,  $3,846,121;  also  a  va.st  amoiiiit  of 
private  property, castles,  forests, and  f>states,ont 
of  which  the  court  expenditure  and  royal  family 
are  paid. 

Roiimania,  Kins:  of,  $201,482. 

Rus.sia,  ("zar  of,  had  private  estates  of  more  than 
1,000,1)00  square  miles  of  cultivated  land  and 
forests,  besides  gold  and  other  mines  in  Siberia. 
The  annual  income  was  estimated  at  about  $12,- 
000,000.  In  conseqiienceof  tlie  unsettled conditiou 
of  the  empire  this  is  much  reduced  at  present. 

Saxonv,  King  of,  $735,000. 

Servia,  King  of,  $204,000. 

Spain, Kingof. $1,765,000, besides $600,000  for  family. 

Turkey— The  Sultans  income  is  derived  from  the 
reveiuie  of  the  Crown  doinaius,  estimated  at 
about  $7,500,000. 

Wurttemberg,  King  of,  $400,000. 


Austria-Hungarv,  Kmperor  of,  $3,875,000. 

Bavaria,  King  of,  $1,623,000 

Belgium,  King  of,  $660,000. 

Denmark,  King  of,  $227,775;  and  Crown  Prince, 
$28,800. 

Greece,  Ring  of.  $260,000. 

Great  Britain  and  Iivland,  theKiiigand  Queen  re- 
ceive S2,350,000  and  the  remainder  of  the  Royal 
famil.v  are  allowed  $560,000.  The  King  also  re- 
ceives the  revenues  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster, 
$600,000  peraniiuni,and  the  Prince  of  Wales  those 
of  the  DnchvofCf.rnwall,  about  .$300,000. 

Italy.  King  of,  $2,858,000,  of  which  $180,000  for 
famil.v. 

Netherlands.  Queen  of,  $2.50,000;  also  a  large  rev- 
eiuie from  domains,  and  $62,500  for  roj'al  family, 
courts,  and  palaces. 

Portugal,  King  of,  $567,000. 


600 


Sovereigjis  of  Europe. 


cSobetcigns   of  IBucope. 


ARRANGEn   ACCOROING  TO  THE  T>ATK«  OF  THEIR    ACCESSION. 


Sovereigns. 


Francis  Joseph    Kinperor  of  Austria 

Ernest,  Duke  of  .saX"e-Altenhurg 

John  II.,  Prince  of  Liclitenstein 

Nicholas,  Princeof  Montenegro 

Georee  I.,  King  of  the  Hellenes 

Leopold  II.,  King  of  the  Belgians 

Charles,  King  of  Konniania 

George  II.,  Duke  of  Sa.xe-Meiningen 

Henrj'XIV.,  Prince  of  Reuss  (younger 

line) 

Oscar  II.,  King  of  Sweden 

Abdul  Hamid,  Sultan  of  Turkey 

Charles,Princeof  Schwarzburg-iSonders- 

hausen  

Alphonso  XIII.,  King  of  Spain 

Otto  I., King  of  Bavaria 

Ferdinand, Prince  of  Bulgaria 

William  II.,  tjernian  Kmperor. 

Albert,  Prince  of  Monaco 

Charles  I.,  King  of  Portugal 

Gunther,  Pr.  of  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 

Wilhelmina, Queen  of  Netherlands 

William,  King  of  Wiirttemberg 

Ernest  Louis, '^rand  Duke  of  Hesse 

Frederick,  Prince  of  Waldeck 

George,  Prince  or  Schaumburg-Lippe.... 

Nicholas  II.,  Emperor  of  Russia 

Frederick  IV.,  Grand  Duke  ol  Mecklen- 

burg-Schwerin 

Fred'kAugustus,(Trand  Diike,01denburg 
Victor  Emmanuel  III.,  King  of  Italy  .. . 
Charles  Edward,  Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg- 

Gotha 

William  Ernest, (4'd  DukeSaxe- Weimar 
Edward  Vff., King  of  Great  Britain, etc. 
Henry  XXIV., Pr.  of  Reuss  (elder  line).. 

Peter,  King  of  Servia 

Pius  X.  .  Pope 

Frederick,  Duke  of  Anhalt 

Adolphus  Frederick,  Duke  of  Mecklen- 

burg-Strelitz  

Augustus  III.,  King  of  So,.xonj' 

William,  Grand  Duke  of  Luxembourg. . 

Haakon  VII.,  King  of  Norway 

Frederick  VIII.,  King  of  Denmark 

Frederick  II. ,  Grand  Duke  of  Baden. ... . 


1848 
185.3 
1858 
18«0 
1863 
1865 
1866 
1866 

1867 
1872 
1876 

1880 
1886 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1889 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1892 


19 
27 
19 
20 
18 
31 
27 
41 

36 
44 
34 

50 

39 
27 
30 
42 
27 
39 
11 
44 
24 


1893'  29 

1893  46 

1894  27 


1897 
1900 
1900 


1901 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1903 
1904 

1904 
1904 
1905 
1905 
1906 
1907 


16 
48 
31 


1900  17 


60 
23 
59 
69 

48 

56 
39 
53 
33 
63 
50 


ARRANGED  ACCORDING   TO  THEIK   RHSPEl-TIVE    ACES. 


Sovereigns. 


George  II.,  Duke  of  Saxe-Meiningen . . 

Ernest,  Duke  of  Saxe-Altenburg 

Oscar  1 1.,  King  of  Sweden 

Charles,  Prince  of   Schwarzburg-Son- 

dershausen 

Francis  Joseph,  Emperor  of  Austria.. . 
Henry  XIV.,  Pr.  of  Reuss  (y'ngerline) 

Leopold  1 1.,  King  of  the  Belgians 

Pius  X., Pope 

Charles,  King  of  Roumania 

John  II.,  Prince  of  Lichtenstein 

Xicholas,  Prince  of  Montenegro 

Edward  VII.,  King  of  G'  t  Britain,  etc. 

Abdul  Hamid.  Sultan 

Frederick  VIII. ,  King  of  Denmark. . . 

Peter,  King  of  Servia 

(George  I.,  King  of  the  Hellenes 

George,  Pr.  of  Schaumburg-Lippe  .. . . 

William,  King  of  Wiirttemberg 

Otto.  King  of  Bavaria 

Adolphus  Frederick,    Grand  Duke  .of 

Mecklenburg-Strelitz 

.Albert,  Prince  of  Monaco 

WTlliam.  (irand  Duke  of  Luxembourg. 
(iuiither,Pr.ofSchwarzb'  g-Rudolstadl 
F'kAugustns.GrandDuke  of  Oldenburg 

Frederick,  Duke  of  Anhalt 

Frederick  II.,  Grand  Duke  of  Baden.. 

William  II.,  German    Emperor 

Ferdinand,  Prince  of  Bulgaria 

Charles  T.,King  of  Portugal 

Frederick,  Prince  of  Waldeck 

-Augustus  III.,  King  of  Saxony 

Xicholas  II.,  Emperor  of  Russia 

Ernest  Louis,  Grand  Duke  of  Hesse 

Victor  Emmanuel  III.,  King  of  Italy. 

Haakon  VII.,  King  of  Norway 

William  Ernest, G'd  D'k  Saxe- Weimar 
Henry  XXIV.,  Pr.  of  Reuss  (eld.  line). 

Wilhelmina,  Queen  of  Netl)erlands 

Frederick  IV.,  Grand  Duke  of  Meck- 

lenburg-Schwerin 

Charles     Edward,    Duke     of     Saxe- 

Coburg-Gotha 

Alphonso  XIII.,  King  of  Spain 


O  J3 

1826 
1826 
1829 

1830 

1830 

183: 

1835 

1835 

1839 

1840 

1841 

1841 

1842 

1843 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1848 

1848 


r-^ 

<  S2 


y.  m.  d. 

81    8  28 

81    3  14 

8  1110 


1848  .59 
1848  59 

1852,55 

1852 

1852 

1856 

1857 

1859 

1861 

186;^ 

1865 

1865 

1868 

1868 

1869 

1872135 

18761.31 

1878  29 

1880 1 27 


424 

4  13 

7  3 

8  21 
6  30 
8  19 
2  26 

2  23 
123 

3  8 
628 

6  7 

7  24 
lU   3 

8  4 

5  9 
119 

8  10 

4  9 

6  28 

4  13 

5  23 
11  4 
10   6 

3  4 

nil 

7  7 

7  14 
1    6 

8  19 

8  29 

6  22 

9  12 

4  1 


188225    0    I 


1884  23 

1886  21 


Oil 
7  14 


COST  OP   THE   BRITISH   ROYAL   FAMILY. 

The  annuities  paid  by  the  British  people  to  the  royal  family  for  its  support  are  as  follows:  The 
King  and  Queen,  $2,350,000;  Prince  of  Wales,  .$100,000;  Princess  of  Wales,  $50,000;  Princess  Christian, 
$30,000;  Princess  Louise  ( IJuchess  of  Argyll)  §30,000;  Duke  of  Connaught.  $125,000;  Princess  Beatrice, 
830,000;  Duchess  of  .Albany,  $30,000;  Duchess  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz, §15, 000;  Trustees  for  the  King's 
Daughters. $90,000;  Total,  $2,910,000.  The  King  also  receives  the  revenues  of  the  Duchy  of  Lanc;ister. 
During  recent  vears  these  have  amounted  to  about  $500,000  per  annum.  The  Prince  of  Wales  has  an 
income  also  from  the  revenues  of  the  Duchessof  Coinwall  amounting  to  about  $300,000  per  annum. 
When  the  royal  children  marry  dowries  are  usually  provided  for  them.  The  last  of  the  children  of' 
the  late  Queen  Victoria  to  marry.  Princess  Beatrice,  received  $150,000  as  dowry  from  the  British' 
people  by  Parliamentary  grant. 

THE  RULERS  OF  FRANCE  FROM  THE  REVOLUTION  OF  1792. 

(Whitaker's  Almanack. ) 


..Sept.  21, 1792 
...Nov.    1,1795 


The  First  Republic. 
The  National  Convention  first  sat 
The  Directory  nominated 

The.  Coiuulate. 
Bonaparte, Cambacore, and  Lebrun..Dec. 

Bonaparte.  Consul  for  10  years May 

Bonaparte, Consul  for  life Aug. 

The  Empire. 

Napoleon  I.  decreed  Emperor May 

Napoleon  II.  (never  reigned) died  July 

The  Rextornfinn. 

Louis  XVIII.  re-entered  Paris May 

Charles X.  (dep.  July 30, 1830, d.  .Xov.  6.  1836) 

The  H'nisr  of  Or  lean:}. 

Louis  Philippe,  King  of  the  French — 1830 

(Abdicated  Feb.24, 1848, died  Aug.  26, 1850). 


24,1799 
6,1802 
2,1802 

18, 1804 
22,1832 

3,1814 
1824 


The  Seco7id  Republic. 

Provisional  Government  formed. Feb. 

Louis  Napoleon  elected  President — Dec. 

The  Second  Eini^ire. 

Napoleon  III. elected  Emperor Nov. 

(Deposed  Sept.  4,1870,  died  Jan.  9,  1873, 

The  Third  Republic. 

Committee  of  Public  Defence Sept. 

L.  .A.  Thiers  elected  President. Aug. 

Marshal  MacMahon  elected  President.]May 

Jules  Grevj'  elected   President Jan. 

Marie  F.  S.Carnot  elected  President  ..Deo. 

(A.ssassinaled  at  Lyons,  June  24, 1894 

Jean CasimirPerier elected  President.Juue 

Feli.x  Fran?  lis  Faure  elected  Pies't..Jaii. 

Emile  liOubet  elected  President Feb. 

Armaud  Fallieres  elected  President.  .Jan. 


22.1848 
19, 1848 

22,1852 
.) 

4.1870 
31, 1871 
24.1873 
30, 1879 

3,1887 
) 

27.1894 
17.1895 
18,1899 
17,1906 


Heads  of  the  Q-overnnients  of  the   World. 


601 


J^ratrs  of  tlje  (Sfobecnmcnts  of  tijc  SMorlTr* 

Dkckmbkr  1,  li)07. 


COUNTHV. 


A  h  yssi  iiiii 

Afghanistan 

Annani 

Argentine  Uepnblic 

A  usiriii-  Hungary 

Baluchistan ... 

Belgium 

i  J(.)ii  1  )al'<:l.    .•■....•■■.■  t  ••••  • 

Bulivia 

Brazil 

B'  I  Igaria 

Chile 

China 

Colombia 

Congo  Free  State 

Costa  Rica 

Cuba 

Denmark  

Dominican  Republic 

Ecuador 

Egypt 

France 

Germany 

Prussia 

Bavaria 

Saxonj'. 

Wiirttemberg 

Baden 

Hesse 

Liippe-Detmold 

Anhalt 

Mecklenbiirg-Schwerin. 

IMecklenburg-Strelitz. . . 

Oldenburg 

Saxe- Altenl)urg 

Saxe-Coburg  andC-iotha 

Saxe-Meiningen 

Saxe-Weimar 

Waldeck- Pjrmont 

Brunswick 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

G  reece 

Guatemala 

llayti 

Honduras 

India,  Empire  of 

Italy 

Japan 

Khiva 

Konja 

liiberia 

Luxembourg 

Me.xico 

ZMonaco 

Montenegro 

Morocco 

Nepal 

Nelherlauds 

Nicaragua 

Norway 

Oman 

1  unama.  •••••.....•.•••••. 

Pa  raguaj' 

Persia ;.......: 

Peru  .......i 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia 

Salvador 

Servia 

Siam 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Tunis .-, 

Turkey  

United Statesof  America. 

Uruguay.. 

"Venezuela 

Zanzibar 


Official  Head. 


Meuelik  II 

llabibulla  Khan 

imy  Ian 

.Jose  Figueroa  Alcorta 

Francis  Joseph 

Mir  Mahiuud 

Leopold  \\. 

Seid  Abdul  Ahad 

Ismael  Montes 

Alphonso  Penna 

Ferdinand 

Pedro  Montt 

KuauHgsiUQu'n.hi.saunt.rules) 

General  Ralael  Re^'es 

Leopold  ( King  of  the  Belgians)  . 

(^.  Gonzalez  Viquez 

Temporary(io\erumeutby  U.S. 

Frederick  VI 11 

Ramon  Caceres 

Eloy  Alfaro 

Abbas  I'acha 


Armaud  Fallieres. 
William  II 


William  II 

Otto 

Frederick  Augustus  III 

William  II 

Frederick  II 

Ernst  Louis  V 

Count  Lec^pold  (Regent) 

Frederick 

Frederick  Frauds  IV 

Adolph us  Frederick 

Frederick  Augustus 

Ernest. 

Charles  l^'dwartl 

George  II 

William  Ernest -. . 

Frederick 

Johann  A  Ibrecht 

Edward  VII 

G  eorge  

Manuel  Estrada  Cabrera 

Geneial  Nord  Alexis 

Miguel  R.  Davila 

Edward 

Victor  Emmanuel  III 

Mutsuhito 

Seid  INlahomed  Rahi  m 

Yi-Syck 

.Arthur  Barclay 

William 

General  Porfirio  Diaz 

Albert 

Nicholas 

Muley  Abdul  Azziz 

SurendraBikramShamsherJang 

Wilhelmina 

General  JoseS.Zelaya ^  . 

Haakon  VII 

Seyyid  Fej^sal  bin  Tu-kee 

Manuel  Amador  Guerrero 

Berrigno  Ferreira 

Mohammed  All  Mirza 

Jose  Pardo 

Carlos 

Charles 


Nicholas  II 

Fernando  Figueroa.. 

Peter  (Karageorgevitoh). , 

Khoulalonkorn 

Alphonso  XIII 

Oscar  II • 

M.  Brenner 

ElHadi  Pa.sha 

Abdul  Hamid  II 

Theodore  Roosevelt 

Claudio  Willimaa , 

Cipriano  Castro 

Seyyid  Ali ......... 


Title. 


Emperor  . 

Ameer 

King 

President. 
Emperor. . 

Khan 

King 

Ameer 

President. 
President. 
Prince.  . .. 
President. 
Emperor.. 
President. 
Sovereign  , 
President. 


Born 


Acceded. 


'.::::} 


King 

President. 

President. 

Khedive.  . 

President. 

Emperor 

King. 

Kuig 

King 

King 

Grand  Duke. . 
Grand  Duke. . 

Prince 

Duke   

Grand  Duke. . 
Grand  Duke, 
(irand  Duke. 
Duke  ......  ... 

Duke  ...'.'  wji.'. 
Duke  ......  ... 

Grand  Duke. 

Prince 

Regent 

King •.. 

King. 

President 

President 

President 

Emperor 

King 

Mikado 

Kahn 

Emperor 

President 

Grand  Duke 

President 

Prince 

Prince 

Sultan 

Maharaja 

Queen  . .  

IMesident 

King 

Sultan 

President 

President 

Shah. 

President 

King 

King 

Emperor 

President 

King 

King 

King 

King 

President 

Bey 

Sultan 

President 

President 

President 

igultan... 


March 
(Jcl. 
Oct. , 
:Mar. 
Aug.  18,l«30,Dec. 
Aug 
Dec. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Aug. 


1843 
1872 

I8yy 


April     9,18:55 
1864 


Feb.  26,1861 
A  up  '"2,1872 
Apr       9,1835 

June'  "3,1843 

July  "14,1874 


Jan. 
April 


12, 1889 
3, 1901 

li<07 

12, 1•.^0G 

2, 1848 

1893 
10, 1866 
12, 1885 
24,1904 
15.1906 
11, 1«87 

19U6 
12, 1375 

1904 
30,l»8d 

1906 


Jan.     29, 1906 

Jan.  1906 

1906 

Jan.        7,1892 

1841  Jan.      17,1906 

Jan.      27,1859  June    15,1888 


April 

May 

Feb. 

.1  uly 

Nov. 

Jan. 

Aug. 

April 

July 

Nov. 

Sept. 

July 

April 

June 

Jan. 

Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 


Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 


April 
Sept. 
Nov. 
Oct 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 


June 

Sept, 
April 
May 


27, 1848 
25,1865; 
25, 1848 

9, 1857 
25,1868 
16,  1831 
19, 1856 

9, 1882 
22,1848 
16,1852 
16,1826 
19,  1884 

2,1826 
10,1876 
20, 1865 

'"9,1841 

24,1845 

24. 1856 

1811 

"9,1841 

11, 1869 

3, 1852 

1845 

1854 

22.  18.52 

80.18;-;0| 

13. 1848 1 

7, 1841 

1878 

8, 1875 

31 , 1880 

1852 

3,  1872 

1833 

21,1872 

1864 
28,1863; 
20, 1839 
18, 1868 


Sept. 
May 
Jan. 


Sept. 
Oct. 


Oct. 


1844 

21,185.'} 

17,1886 

21, 1829 

1848 

'  22,  1842 
27,1858 

'i%,  I960 


June 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

ISlarch 

Sept. 

Jan. 

April 

]May 

.lune 

Aug. 

July 

Sept. 

Jan. 

May 

May 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

May 

April 

Jan. 

July 

Feb. 

July 

May, 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

June 

May 

Sept. 

Nov. 
June 

Nov. 

.Ian. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

March 

Nov. 

Jan. , 

June 

Oct. 

May 

Sept. 

July, 

Aug. 

Sept. 

March 

Oct., 


13, 1886 
15.  1904 
6, 1891 
28,1907 
13,  1892 

27,  1904 

24. 1904 
10, 1897 
30,1904 
13,1900 

3,1853 

30. 1900 
20, 1866 

5,1901- 
12,1893 

28.  1907 
22,1901 
31,1863 
25,1898 
15,  1902 
18,1907 

22. 1901 
29,1900 
13,1867 

1865 

19, 1907 

1907 

19. 1905 
1,  lh84 

10, 1889 

14,1860 

11,1894 

17, 1881 

5, 1898 

1893 

18, 1905 

4,1888 

1904 

2.'5,  1906 

9, 1907 

23,  1904 

19,1889 

26,1881 

2, 1894 

1907 

15, 1903 

1,1868 

17,1886 

18,1872 

1907 

1902 

31,1876 

14,1901 

1,1907 

1899 

I9g3 


602    ^fnistrfcis  of  J^rincfpal  ISuropcan  (Countries. 

Decembkr  1,  1907 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 

EMPIRE. 

/brei^/i  yljf'lir*  — Baron  A. L. von Aehrenthal  I  Minixler  War—Y.  Z.  M.  von  Schonaich. 
Finance — Herr  von  Burian.  I   Minister  iVacy— Adm,  Count  R.  Montecuccoli. 

AUSTRIA. 


Minister 
Minister 

Premier- 
Minister 
Minister 
Minister 
Minister 
Minister 
Mininter 


—Baron  Dr.  Max  von  Beck. 
Interior — Baron  Richard  Bienerth. 
pe/ences~F.  Z.  M.  Julius  von  Latscher. 
Railways — Dr,  Julius  von  Derschatta. 
Pnhtic  Instrnrtioii — Dr.  Gustav  Marchet. 
Finance — Dr.  Korytowski. 
^us/jVe— Baron  Dr.  F.  Klein. 


Minister  Agriculture — Dr.  Alfred  Ebenhoch. 
Minister  Commerce — Professor  Fran/.  Fiadler. 
Minister  German  A'ational — Franz  Peschka. 
Minister  Czech  National — Karl  Praschek. 
Minister  Polish  National — David  R.  v. Abrahainovicz 
Minister  Future  Labor  J)*partin«nl— Dr.  Albert  Gess- 
mann. 


HUNGARY. 


Premier  and  Finances— "Dr.  Alexander  Wekerle. 
Minister  Defences — F.  Z.  M.  von  Yekelfalussy, 
Minister  Commerce — Franz  Kossuth. 
Minister  Education  <t  iVorshijf. — Count  Alb.  Appomji 


Minister  Interior— Gonnt  Julius  Andrassy. 
Minister  Agriculture — Baron  Artur  Feilitsch. 
Minister  Justice — Doctor  Guentiier. 
Minister  for  Croatia— Conat  Theo.  Pejacsevich. 

BELGIUM. 

J.    de      Minister  of  Industry  and  Lahor— Mr.  Armand'H.uhert 
Minister  of  PiMie  Works — Mr.  Auguste  Delbeke. 
Minister   of   Railways,   Posts    and     Teleyrajths — Mr 

Georges  Helleputte. 
Minister  of  War — Mr.  le  Lieut. -General 
Minister   qf    Agriculture — Mr.    Georges 
(provisionally). 


Premier  and  Minister    of   the  Interior — Mr 

Crooz. 
3finister  of  Justice — Mr.  Jules  Reukin. 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs — Mr.  Juiien  Davignon. 
Minister  cf  Finance — Mr.  Juiien  Liebaert. 
Minister    of  Science*  and  Arts — Mr.  )e  Baron  Des 

camps. 

FRANCE. 

President  of  the    Council   and  Minister  of  the    In-     Minister  Agriculture— ■fA.JRuRU.. 

terio/— M.  Clemenceau.  -      - 

Minister  Foreign  Affairs— M.  Pichon. 
Minister  War — General  Picquart, 
Minister  Marine — M.  G.  Thomson. 
Minister  Justice — M.  Guyot-Dessaigne. 
Minister  Finance — M.  Caillaux. 

GERMANY. 


Hellebaut. 
Hollaputte 


Minister  Commerce — M.  Doumergue. 

Minister  Public  Instruction  and  Fine  Arts — M.Briand. 

Minister  Colonies — M.  Millies-Lacroix, 

Minister  Public  Works — M.  Barthou. 

Minister  of  Labor  and  Public  Health — AI.  Viviani, 


Chancellor    qf    the    Empire — Prince    Bernard  von 

Bfilow. 
3finisler  Foreign  Affairs — Herr  von  Schoen. 
Minister  Interior — Herr  von  Betmann-Holweg. 
Minister  Marine — Admiral  von  Tirpitz. 


Minister  Justice — Dr.  Nieberding. 

Minister  Finance — Baron  von  Stengel. 

Minister  Post.Office — Herr  Kraetke. 

Minister  Railroads — General  von  Breitenbaoh. 


ITALY. 


President  and  Minister  Jn'erior — Signor  Giolitti. 

Minister  Foreign  Affair s.^^'\gnor  Tittoni. 

Minister  Justice— Sigvor  Orlando. 

Minister  War — General  Vigano. 

Minister  Marine — Rear- Admiral  Mirabello. 

Minister  Instruction — Signor  Rava. 

NETHERLANDS. 


Minister  Finance — Signor  Lacava. 
Minister  Treasury — Signor  Carcano. 
Minister  Agriculture — Signor  Cocco-Orto. 
Minister  Public  Works — Signor  Berlolini. 
Minister  Posts  andTelegraphs — Signor  Schanzer. 


Minister  Finance — M.  de  Meester. 

Minister  Foreign  Aff'nirs—J.  van  T.  van  Goudriaan. 

Minister  Colonies — M.  Fock. 

Minister  Justice— M.  van  Raalte. 

Minister  H'ar— Jonkheer  van  Rappard. 


President  Council — J.  Lovland. 
Minister  Defence — Dawes. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs — J.  Lovland. 
Mininter  Justice  and  Police — Bredal. 
Minister  Piblic  Works— K.  D.  Lehmkuhl. 


President  qf  the    Council  and   Minister  Interior— M.. 

Stolypin. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs^yi.  Tswolsky. 
Minister  Finance — M.  Kokowzew. 
Minister  Instruction  and  Religion  —  .M.  Kaufmann. 
Minister  Imperial  Household — Baron  Fredericks. 

SPAIN. 

President  qf  Council — Senor  Maura.  Minister  Jusfice^M&rqaes  de  Figueroa 

Mittister  War — Marshal- Pri mo  de  Rivera. 
Minister  Marine — Admiral  Ferrandis. 


}finister  Interior — M.  Rink, 
Minister  Marine — M.  Cohen  Stuart. 
Minister  PuhHc  Works — Professor  Kraus. 
Minister    Agriculture,    Industry    and  Coinmeree — M. 
Veegens. 

NORWAY. 

Minister  Religion  and  Instruction — Berge. 

Minister  of  Agriculture — Aarrestad. 

Minister  Commerce,  Navigation,  and  Industry — S.  A. 

B.  Arctander. 
Minister  Finance  and  Customs — Halvorsen. 

RUSSIA. 

Mi  u.Im.  Domains  and  Agriculture — M.WassiltSChikow 
Minister  War — General  Rodigor. 
Minister  Marine — Vice-Admiral  Diekow. 
Minister  Juslice—M.  Schtscheglowitseh. 
Minister    Public     Works     and    Communications — M. 
Schaufuss. 


Minister  Interior- 
Minister  Finance- 


-Senor  Lacierva. 
-Senor  Osma. 


Minister  Foreign  Affairs— finnor  Allendesalaznr. 
Minister  Instruction— Senor  Rodriguez  San  Pedro. 
Minister  Public  Works — Senor  Besada. 


Premiers.  A.  A.  Lindman. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs— K.  Trolle. 
Minister  Justice— G.  A.  Petersson. 
Minister  War — Gen.  \,,  H.  Tingsten. 
Minister  Marine — Adm.  VV.  Dyrssen, 
Minister  Interior— -d.  Juhlia. 


SWEDEN. 

Minister  Finance— C.  J.  G.  Swartz. 
Minister  Instruction — A.  H.  Hammarskjold. 
Minister  Agriculture — A. Petersson. 
.Ministers  iriihnui  por{folio»—G.  F.  W.  Hederstiema, 
G.  W.  A.  Roos. 


Reigning  Fwnilles.  603 


i^rifluinfl  iFanulies 


OF    THE    PRINCIPAL     EUROPEAN    COUNTRIES. 

AUSTKIA-HUNGARY. 
F'^rancis  Joseph  I.,  the  Emperor  of  Austria  and  King  of  Hungary,  was  born  August  18,  1830, 
and  was  proclaimed  Emperor  of  Austria  after  the  ai)dication  of  his  uncle,  Ferdinand  I. ,  on  December 
2,  i«48.  He  was  crowned  King  of  Hungary  June  8,  18tJ7.  He  married,  in  1854,  Elizabeth,  a  daughter 
of  1  >uke  Maxiiuilian  of  liavaria.  .She  died  by  the  hand  of  an  Anarchist  iu  Cjeneva,  September  10, 1898. 
They  liad  issue: 

1.  Archduchess  Gisela,  born  1856;  married  to  Leopold,  son  of  the  Regent  Luitpold  of  Bavaria. 
Issue,  two  daughters  and  two  sons. 

2.  Archduke  Rudolph,  late  lieir  apparent,  born  1858;  died  by  suicide,  1889.  He  married,  1881, 
.Stephanie,  daughter  of  the  present  King  of  the  Belgians,  and  had  issue  one  daughter,  the  Archduchess 
Elizabeth,  born  1883;  married,  1902,  Prince  Otto  Windischgriitz.  The  widowed  Crown  Princess 
!?tephauie  married,  March.  1900.  Count  Elemer  Lonvay. 

3.  Archduchess  Marie  Valerie,  born  1868;  married,  1890,  Archduke  Francis-Salvator  of  Tuscany. 
On  the  death  of  the  Crown  Prince,  in  1889,  the  right  of  succession  to  the  throne  passed  to  the 

Emperor's  eldest  brother,  the  Archduke  Charles  Louis,  who  was  born  1833.  and  died  1896;  he 
marrie<l,1862  isecond  marriage), the  Princess  Annunciata,  daughter  of  King  Ferdinand  II.  of  Naples, 
and  had  i.ssue  the  Archduke  Francis  Ferdinand,  born  1863,  who  is  the  heir  presumptive  to  the  throne 
(married, morganaticallv,  1900, Countess  Sopiiie  Chotek.and  renounced  the  claim  of  his  issue  by  her  to 
the  throne);  the  Archduke  Otto,  born  1865,  died  1906,  married  to  the  Princess  Marie  Josefa  of 
Saxony,  had  two  sons  (Archdukes  Charles,  horn  1887. and  Maximilian,  born  1895) ;  the  Archduke  Fer- 
dinand, born  1868,  and  unmarried,  and  the  Archduchess  Margaret  .Sophia,  born  1870,  died  1902; 
she  married  in  1893  Albert,  Duke  of  Wiirttemberg.  By  a  third  marriage,  the  Archduke  Charles  Louis 
had  two  daughters. 

The  Emperor  has  a  second  brother,  the  Archduke  Louis  Victor,  born  1842,  who  is  unmarried,  and 
a  sister-in-law.  Empress  Carlotta  of  Mexico,  the  widow  of  his  brother  Maximilian,  executed  at 
Queretaro  in  1867.     She  is  insane,  au'i  lives  in  Belgium  with  the  Khas:,  her  brother. 

There  are  over  seventy  other  archdukes  and  archduchesses  of  Austria,  cousins  of  the  Emperor, 
collateral  relatives  of  the  reigning  house  and  members  of  the  formerly  reigning  branches  of  Tuscany 
and  Modena.  The  family  is  descended  from  Count  Rudolph  of  Hapsburg,  who  was  elected  Emperor 
of  (jermauy  in  1273.  / 

BAVARIA. 

Otto,  King  of  Bavaria,  was  born  April  27,  1848,  and  succeeded  his  brother,  Ludwig  II. ,  June  13, 
1886,  when  that  mad  monarch  committed  suicide  by  drowning  himself  in  the  Staruberg  Lake.  Otto  is 
also  crazy,  is  shut  up  in  one  of  his  chateau.x,  and  the  kingdom  is  governed  by  Prince  Luitpold,  his 
uncle,  as  "regent.  The  latter  is  also  the  heir  apparent  to  tlie  throne;  was  born  in  1821;  married,  1844, 
the  Austrian  Archduchess  Augusta  of  Tuscany,  who  is  dead,  and  has  four  children: 

1.  Prince  Louis,  born  1845;  married  the  Austrian  Archduchess  Maria  Theresa,  and  has  six 
daughters  and  foursotis,  the  eldest  of  the  latter  being  Prince  Rupert,  born  1869,  and  married,  1900, 
his  cousin.  Duchess  Marie  Gabrielle  of  Bavaria. 

2.  Prince  Leopold,  born  1846;  married  to  the  Austrian  Archduchess  Gisela,  daughter  of  the  Em- 
peror Francis  Joseph  I.    There  are  two  daughters  and  two  sons. 

3.  Princess  Theresa,  born  1850;  Prioress  of  a  Convent  in  Munich. 

4.  Prince  Arnulf,  1852, married  the  Princess Theresia  of  Lichteustein,  and  died  1907,  leaving  a- 
son.  Prince  Henry. 

King  Otto  has  five  cousins  who  bear  princely  titles,  children  of  his  dead  uncle,  Adalbert. 

The  royal  house  of  Bavaria  comes  from  the  Counts  of  Wittelsbach  .of  the  twelfth  century,  one  of 
whose  descendants  was  elevated  to  the  rank  of  Elector,  and  a  later  one  made  King  by  Napoleon  I. 

BELGIUM 

Leopold  II.,  King  of  the  Belgians,  was  born  April  9,  1835,  and  was  a  son  of  Leopold  I. ,  Prince  of 
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha  (uncle  of  Queen  Victoria),  who  was  elected  King  of  the  Belgians  in  1831,  and 
Princess  Louise,  daughter  of  King  I^onis  Philippe  of  France.  The  present  King,  who  ascended  the 
throne  in  1865,  was  married,  in  1853,  to  the  Austrian  Archduchess  Marie  Heuriette  (died  1902), 
and  ha-s  the  following  children: 

1.  Princess  Louise,  born  1858;  married  to  Prince  Philippe  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 

2.  Princess  Stephanie,  born  1864;  married,  1881,  to  the  late  Crown  Prince  Rudolph  of  Atistria,  and 
has  one  daughter.  Princess  Stephanie  married,  1900,  Elemer.  Count  Lonj'ay  of  Nagy-Lonyay  and 
Vasoras-Nameny.  Chamberlain  to  the  Emperor  of  Austria. 

3.  Princess  Clementine,  born  1872. 

The  King's  brother  was  Prince  Pliilippe,  Count  of  Flanders,  born  in  1837;  married  to  the  Hohen- ' 
zollern  Princess  Marie,  a:.;d  died  in  1900.  His  son.  I'rince  Albert,  is  the  present  heir  apparent,  born 
in  1875. and  married, in  1900.  the  Princess  Elizabeth  (daughter  of  Duke  Charles  Theodore  of  Bavaria). 
They  have  two  sons.  Prince  Leopold,  born  in  1901,  and  Charles  Theodore,  born  in  1903,  and  a 
daughter.  Princess  Marie  Jose,  born  1906.  Prince  Philippe  had  also  two  daughters,  Heuriette,  horn 
1870.  married,1896,  tlie  Duke  of  Vendome;  and  Josephine, born  1872;  married,  1894,  Prince  Charles 
of  Hohenzollern-sigmaringen. 

The  sister  of  the  King  is  the  hapless  ex-Empress  Carlotta  of  Mexico,  widow  of  Maximilian,  She 
was  born  in  1840,  widowed  in  1867,  has  no  children,  and  is  now  insane. 

DENMARK. 

Frederick  VIII.,  King  of  Denmark,  succeeded  to  the  throne  of  Denmark  by  virtue  of  the  law  of 
the  Danish  succession  on  the  death  of  his  father,  King  Christian  IX.,  in  1906.  He  was  born  1843; 
married  the  Princess  Louise  of  Sweden  iu  1869.  and  has  three  daughters  and  four  sous,  the  eldest  of 
the  latter  being  Crown  Prince  Christian,  born  in  1870,  and  married,  1898,  Princess  Alexandrina  of 
Mecklenhurg-Sohwerin.  and  has  two  sons;  and  the  second.  Prince  Charles,  born  1872,  and  mar- 
ried. 1896,  Princess  Maud,  third  daughter  of  King  Edward  VII. ,  and  elected  King  of  Norway  in 
1905,  as  Haakon  VII.      The  eldest  daughter  is  married  to  Prince  Charles  of  Sweden. 

The  King' s  brothers  and  sisters  are  : 

1.  The  Queen  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  (Alexandra),  born  1844;  married  1863,  and  has  four 
living  children.  ,  _     ,         ^,        ,  .„ 

2.  The  King  of  the  Helienes  (George  I.>,born  1845;  married  to  the  Grand  Duchess  Olgaof  Russia, 
and  has  one  daughter  and  five  sons    the  eldest  of  the  latter  being  Prince  Coustantine. 

3.  The  Dowager  Empress  of  Russia  (Dagmar),  born  1847;  married  the  late  Czar  Alexander  III. 
in  1866,  and  has  four  children,  one  being  the  present  Czar. 

4.  The  Duchess  of  Cumberland  (Thvra),  born  1853;  married  the  present  Duke  of  Cumberland 
(English  title),  SOQ  of  the  ex- King  of  Hanover,  in  1878,  and  has  two  sons  and  three  daughters, 


604  Heigning  JPaniilies. 


REIGNING   FAMIIJES— Con/mtwd. 


5.  Prince  Waldemar,  born  1858;  married,  1885.  the  Princess  Marie  of  Orleans,  daughter  of  the 
Duke  of  Chartres,  and  has  four  sons  and  a  daughter.  He  was  offered  the  crown  of  Bulgaria  iu 
1886,  but  declined. 

GERMANY. 

William  II.,  German  Emperor  and  King  of  Prussia,  was  born  January27,  1859;  succeeded  his 
father,  the  Emperor  Frederick  III. ,  June  15,  1888.  He  married  the  Princess  Victoria  of  Schleswig- 
Holstein-Sonderburg-Augusteuburg  (born  1858),  and  has  had  issue: 

1.  Frederick  William,  Crown  Prince,  born  1882,  married,  June  6,  1905,  to  Duchess  Cecilie  of 
Meeklenburg-Schwerin,  and  has  two  sons,  William  Frederick,  born  Julj-  4,  1906;  and  a  son  boni 
ISTovember  9,1907;  2.  William  Eitel-Frederick,  born  1883.  married,  February  27,  1906,  Princf-ss 
Sophie  Charlotte  of  Oldeuliurg;  3.  Adalbert',  born  1884;  4.  August,  born  1887;  5.  Oscar,  boru  l.}^8; 
6.  Joachim,  bora  1890;  7.  Victoria  Louise,  born  1892.  :;   .,,^- 

The  Emperor's  brother  is  Prince  Henrj',  born  1862,  and  married,  1888,  to  his  cousin.  Princes^ 
Irene  of  Hesse,  daughter  of  the  late  Princess  Alice  of  England,  and  has  two  sons;  and  the  Emperor  Ik. 
four  sisters,  all  the  children  of  the  late  Emperor  Frederick  and  the  Princess  Victoria  of  Englanti 
(ilie  Dowager  Empress  Frederick,  who  died  in  1901).     The  sisters  are: 

1.  Princess  Charlotte,  born  1860;  married,  1878,' to  George,  hereditary  Prince  of  8axe-Meiningen, 
and  lias  one  daughter. 

2.  Princess  Victoria,  born  1866;  married,  1800,  lo  Prince  Adolph  of  Schaumburg-Ijippe. 

3.  Princess  Sophia,  born  1870;  married,  1889,  to  Consiantiue,  Crown  Prince  of  Greece,  and  lias 
three  sons  and  a  daughter. 

4.  Princess  Mai^aret,  born  1872;  married,  1893,  to  Prince  Frederick  Charles  of  Hesse,  and  has 
five  sons. 

The  Emperor  has  an  aunt,  the  Princess  Louise,  born  1838,  widow  of  the  late  Grand  Duke  of 
Baden;  and  he  has  a  number  of  cousins,  descendants  of  the  brothers  and  sisters  of  the  Emperor  Will- 
iam I.  ©ne  of  these  is  Princess  Margaret,  daughter  of  the  late  Prince  Frederick  Charles  and  wife  of 
the  British  Duke  of  Connaught,son  of  Queen  Victoria.  The  reigning  family  is  desceiided  from  Frederick 
of  HohenzoUern,  a  German  count  in  980,  aud  Frederick  William,  the  Elector  of  Brandenburg,  1640- 
88,  whose  son  became  King  of  Prussia. 

GREECE. 

Cieorge  I.»  King  of  the  Hellenes,  born  December  24, 1845,  elected  King  in  1863.  He  is  the  brother 
of  the  present  King  of  Denmark,  Frederick  VI  f  I.,  and  brother  of  the  Queen  of  (xreat  Britain  and  the 
Dowager  p::mpress  of  Russia.  He  married,  1867,  the  Grand  Duchess  C)lga,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
Grand  Duke  Constantine  of  Russia,  grand  uncle  to  the  present  Emperor.  They  have  had  six  living 
children,  five  sous  and  one  daughter.     The  eldest  .son  is: 

Prince  Constantine,  born  1868;  married,  1889,  the  Princess  Sophia,  sister  of  the  present  German 
Emperor,  and  has  three  .sons.  Prince  George,  born  1890;  Priuce  Alexander,  born  1893,  and  Prince 
Paul,  born  1901,  and  a  daughter.  Princess  Helen,  born  1896. 

The  King's  eldest  daugliter,  Alexandra,  married,  in  1889,  the  Grand  Duke  Paul,  uncle  of  the 
present  Emperor  of  Russia,  and  died  September  24,  1891,  leaving  a  daughter  aud  a  sou. 

ITALY, 

Victor  Eminaniiel  1II.«  King  of  Italj',  was  born  November  11, 1869,  and  is  the  only  son  of 
Humbert  I.,  second  King  of  United  Italj',  murdered  by  the  Anarchist  Bresci  at  Monza,  July  29.  1900. 
He  married,  in  1896,  Prince.ss  Helene,  daughter  of  Nicholas,  Prince  of  Montenegro,  aud  has  four 
children,  Pnncess  lolande,  born  June  1,  1901.  Princess  Matalda,  born  November  10.  1902;  Prince 
Humbert  (lieir  apparent),  born  September  15,  1904, and  Princess Giovanna,  born  November  13,1907. 

Emmanuel,  T)nke  of  Aosta,  born  1869;  is  eldest  son  of  the  late  Prince  Amadeus,  uncle  of  present 
King  (and  ex-King  of  Spkin);  married,  1895,  Princess  Helene  of  Orleans,  daughter  of  the  late  Count 
of  Paris,  and  they  have  had  issue  two  children,  Amadeus,  born  1898,  and  Aimon,  born  HKX).  The 
three  remaining  sons  of  tlie  late  Prince  Amadeus  are  Victor,  Count  f)f  Turin,  born  1870;  I>ouis.  Duke 
of  Abruzzi,  born  1873,  and  Humbert,  Count  of  Salemi,  V)orn  in  1889  of  liis  second  marriage  with  his 
niece.  Princess  Letitia,   daughter  of  Prince  Napoleon  Bonaparte  and  the  Princess  Clotilde. 

The  mother  of  the  King  is  Queen  Margherita.  daughter  of  the  late  Priuce  Ferdinand  of  Savoy. 
She  was  born  1851,  and  married  the  late  King  1868. 

The  following  are  the  aunts  of  the  King: 

1 .  Princess  Clotilde,  born  1843 ;  married,  1859,  to  Prince  Napoleon  .Terome  Bonaparte,  the  late  head 
of  the  Bonaparte  family,  and  has  issue  two  sons  and  a  daughwr,  I^etiiia.     (See  "'Bonapartists.  "  ) 

2.  Dowager  Queen  ]\Iaria  Pia  of  Portugal,  born  1847,  aud  married,  1862,  to  the  late  King  Louis  of 
Portugal,  and  lias  two  son.s. 

The  King's  great  aunt  by  marriage,  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  widow  of  the  Duke  of  Genoa, has  a  son 
(Prince  Tliomas.  Duke  of  Genoa,  married,  1883,  Pi'incess  Isabella,  daughter  of  Prince  Adelbert  of 
Bavaria,  and  lias  three  sons  and  two  daughters)  and  a  daughter,  the  latter  hf^iug  tlif^.  late  King  Hum- 
bert's wife.  Tbe  family  is  descended  from  the  Counts  of  Savoy,  who  flourished  in  the  Jileventli 
Century. 

NETHERLANDS. 

Wilhelmina,  Queen  of  the  Netherlands  and  Princess  of  Orangip- Nassau,  born  August  31,  1880, 
daughterof  the  late  King  Williain  HI.  and  Emma,  daughter  of  Prince  (ieorge  Victor  of  Waldeck- 
Pyrmout.     She  married,  February  7,  1901.  Duke  Henry  "of  Meckleuburg-Scliweriu. 

The  Queen's  mother  is  the  late  Regent  Queen  Emma,  whose  regency  lasted  from  the  death  of  the 
late  King,  lier  husband,  November  23,  1890,  until  the  end  of  the  rainoritV  of  her  daugliter,  August  31, 
1898.  The  Queen's  aunt  is  tlie  PrincessSopliia,  married  to  the  Grand  Duke  of  Saxo- Wei  mar.  She  has  a 
son.  Prince  Charles,  born  1844,  and  two  dau'-xhters.  This  family,  known  as  the  House  of  Orange,  is 
descended  from  the  Princes  of  Orange,  stadtholders  curing  the  Dutch  Republic. 

,        ■':  NORWAY. 

Haakon  VII.,  King  of  Norway,  was  before  his  election  to  the  crown  bv  the  Norwegian  people  in 
1905,  Priuce  Charles  of  Denmark.  He  is  the  second  sun  of  King  Frederick  VIII.  of  Denmark;  was  born 
1872;  married,  1896,  Princess  Maud,  third  dausrhter  of  King  Edward  VII.  of  Great  Iidtain,aad  h£LS 
ene  son,  QltiC  Ales&n.aer  Ii:d\var4  Qljristian  Ff^ti.erict^.  boru  July  2, 1903, 


Reigning  'Families.  605 


REIGNING    Y kM\\AYA—ContinMr(]. 


PORTUGAL. 

Charles  I.,  King  of  Portugal,  bora  September  28, 1863,  son  of  the  late  King  Louis  and  his  spouse, 
the  Princess  Pia,  daughter  of  King  Victor  Kmmanuel  of  Ital  j'.  He  succeeded  to  the  throne  October  19, 
1889.  He  married,  1886,  the  Princess  Amelie  of  Orleans,  daughter  of  the  Counrt  of  Paris,  and  has  two 
sous.  Prince  Louis  Philippe,  Duke  of  Bragauza,  born  1887,and  Prince  Mainiel,Dukeof  Beja,  born  1889. 

The  King  has  a  brother.  Prince  Alphonse,  Duke  of  Oporto,  born  1865,  and  unmarried ;  and  an  aunt 
married  to  the  Prince  of  Hohenzollem-Sigmaringen,  and  has  three  sons. 

'Pile  reigning  family  belongs  to  the  House  of  Braganza,  whose  founder  was  an  illegitimate  son  of 
King  John  I.  (a.  d.  1400)  of  the  old  line  of  Portuguese  kings.        ,  ., 

RUSSIA. 

Nicholas  II. »  Emperor  of  Russia,  was  born  May  IS,  1868.  and  succeeded  his  father,  the  late 
Emperor  Alexander  III. ,  November  1,  1894.  He  is  married  to  the  Princess  Alice  (Alix)  of  Hesse- 
Darmstadt,  daughter  of  the.  Princess  Alice  of  Great  Britain,  and  has  four  daughters  and  one  son  — 
Olga,  born  in  1895;  Tatjana,  born  in  1897;  Marie,  born  in  1899;  Anas'tasia,  borii  in  1901,  and  Alexis 
(the  Czarevitch),  born  August  12,  1904. 

rhe  late  Emperor  Ale.vander  III. ,  born  in  1845,  married,  in  1866,  the  Princess  Dagmar,  daughter 


her  cousin,  the  Grand  Duke  Alexander,  has  four  sons  and  two  daughters. and  2.    Grand  I>uchess  Olga, 
born  June  13,  1882,  married  to  Prince  Peter  of  Oldenburg.    The  uncle?;  and  aunts  of  the  Emperor  are: 

1.  Grand  Duke  Vladimir,  born  1847;  married,  1874,  the  Princess  Marie  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  and  has  three  sons  and  one  daughter;  Grand  Duke  Cyril,  born  in  1876;  married,  1905, 
Melita,  second  daughter  of  the  late  Duke  of  Coburg  and  divorced  wife  of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Hesse. 
Grand  Duke  Boris,  who  was  in  America  in  1902,  is  the  second  son  and  was  born  in  1877. 

2.  Grand  Duke  Alexis,  High  Admiral,  born  1850.     He  is  unmarried. 

3.  Grand  Duchess  Marie,  bom  1853;  married  the  late  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  and  has  had  one  son 
(deceased)  and  four  daughters. 

4.  Grand  DukeSergius,  born  1857;  married,  1884,  Princess  Elizabeth  of  Hesse- Darmstadt,  daugh- 
ter of  Princess  Alice  of  England.     Assassinated  in  1905.  he  lett  no  issue.  < 

5.  Grand  Duke  Paul,  born  1860;  married,  1889,  Princess  Alexandra,  daughter  of  the  King  of  the 
Hellenes.  She  died  September  24,  1891,  leaving  a  .son,  the  Grand  Duke  Demetrius,  and  a  daughter. 
In  1902  he  contracted  a  morganatic  marriage  with  Olga  I'istolkohrs,  now  Countess  Hohenfelsen. 

Tlie  Emperor  has  one  grand  uncle  (son  of  the  Emperor  Nicholas  I.),  Grand  Duke  Michael,  born 
1832,  Held  marshal  in  the  Russian  Army;  married,  1857,  Princess  Cecelia  of  Baden,  and  has  issue 
six  living  children,  the  eldest  daughter,  Anastasia,  born  1860,  being  the  widow  of  the  Grand 
Duke  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 

A  grand  uncle,  the  Grand  Duke  Constantine,  born  1827;  died  .Tanuary  12,  1892;  married, 
1848,  Princess  Alexandra  of  Saxe-Altenburg,  and  had  issue  live  children,  the  Grand  Duke  Nicholas, 
born  1850,  being  the  eldest,  and  the  Gi'and  Duchess  Olga,  born  1851,  the  eldest  daughter,  being  juar- 
ried  to  the  King  of  the  Hellenes.  ' 

A  third  grand  uncle,  the  Grand  Duke  Nicholas,  born  1831,  field  marshal  in  the  Russian  Army, 
died  in  1891;  married,  in  1856,  the  Princess  Alexandra  of  Oldenburg,  and  had  issue  two  sons. 
Grand  Duke  Nicholas, born  1856,  married,1907.  Anastasia. daughter  of  the  present  Prince  of  Monte- 
negro, and  sister  of  Queen  Helene,  of  Italy,  and  Grand  Duke  Peter,  married,  inl889,Militsa,  sister  of 
the  preceding. 

The  Russian  reigning  family  is  descended  from  Michael  Romanoff,  elected  Czar  in  1613.  The 
members  of  the  family  for  over  two  centuries,  however,  have  married  so  generally  into  the  German 
royal  houses  that  the"  present  Romanoffs  are  practically,  by  blood,  Germans;  as  much  so  as  their  kins- 
man, the  head  of  the  German  Empire. 

SAXONY. 

Frederick  August.  King  of  Saxony,  born  May  25.  1865,  succeeded  his  father.  King  George, 
October  15,  1904  He  married  in  1891  Archduchess  Louise  of  Austria  (from  whom  he  was  separated 
in  1903.     Tlie  King  has  three  daughters  and  three  sons,  the  Crown  Prince  being  George,  born  1893. 

The  King  has  two  sisters,  Mathilde,  born  1863,  unmarried,  and  Maria  Josepha,  born  1867.  mar- 
ried to  the  late  Archduke  Otto  of  Austria,  and  two  brothers.  .lohaun  Georg,  born  1869,  married 
first  to  Duchess  Isabella  of  WQrttemberg  Cdiedl904),  and  in  1906  to  Princess  Maria  Immaculata  of 
Bourbon,  and  Max,  born  1870,  a  priest  in  Holv  Orders. 

A  great  aunt  of  the  King,  Princess  Elizabeth,  born  1830,  married  Prince  Ferdinand  of  Sardinia, 
and  after  his  death  in  1856  Marchese  Rapallo,  who  died  in  1882.  The  widow  of  King  Albert,  Queen 
Carola,  is  also  living. 

The  royal  house  of  Saxony  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  Europe,  having  given  an  emperor  to  Germany  as 
early  as  the  beginning  of  the  Tenth  Century.  The  Elector  of  Saxonj^  assumed  the  title  of  King  in 
1806,  and  was  confirmed  therein  in  1815. 

SPAIN.     .. 

Alphonso  XIII.,  King  of  Spain,  born  May  17,  1886,  nearly  six  month-s  after  the  death  of  bis 
father,  Alphonso  XII.  His  mother  is  Maria  Christina,  an  Austrian  princes.s.  He  married  in  1906 
the  English  Princess  Victoria  Ena,  daughter  of  Princess  Beatrice,  by  whom  he  has  a  son  and  heir, 
Alphonso,  Prince  of  the  A sturias, born  May  10.1907,  The  King  has  one  living  sister,  the  Infanta 
Maria  Theresa,  born  1882,  his  eldest  sister,  the  Princess  of  Asturias,  Maria-de-las-Mercpdes,  horn 
1880,  wedded  in  1901  to  Prince  Charles  of  Bourbon-Caserta,  having  died  on  October  17,  1904,  after 
giving  birth  to  a  daughter,  since  christened  as  Infanta  Isabel. 

The  King's  aunts  are  the  Infantas  Isabella,  ^Mdow  of  the  Count  de  Girgenti ;  Maria,  wife  of  Prince 
Louis  of  Bavaria,  and  Eulalie,  wife  of  Prince  Antonio  of  Orleans  (separated  from  him  by  deed  of 
separation)'  who  visited  the  United  States  and  the  World's  Fair  in  1893. 

The  King's  grandmother,  ex-Queen  Isabella^  born  in  1830,  crowned  1833,  abdicated  1870,  died 
April  9,  19U4.     Her  husband,  the  Infant  Francis  d' A.ssisi,  Vwru  1822,  died  in  1902. 

The  King'sgrand  aunt,  the  Infanta  Louisa,  widow  of  tlie  Duke  of  Montpensier  (son  of  King  Louis 
Philipneof  France),  now  dead,  was  the  mother  of  a  son  and  three  daughters:  1.  The  wife  of  the  late 
Count  of  Paris,  and  mother  of  the  French  pretender,  the  Duke  of  Orleans;  2.  The  late  Queen  Mercedes, 
wife  of  Alphonso  Xir. ,  deceased;  3.  The  Infanta  Christina,  also  deceased. 

A  second  cousin  of  the  King  is  Don  Carlos,  born  in  1848,  and  a  pretender  to  the  Spanish  throne, 
who  is  married,  and  has  four  daughters  and  u  son.  Prince  .Taimp,  born  in  1870. 
^  >^TUe  Spanisli  reigning  faiaUy  p-fe  .Pouvijous,  descQndaiiti$olJi4U^ljoujsj$iV.  of  FyaHce, 


606  TJie    French   Fretender!^. 

REIGNING    FAMILIES— 0.»»/m<ttd. 

SERVTA. 

Peter  I.,  King  of  Servia,  born  in  Belgrade,  1846,  son  of  Alexander  Karasreorgevic,  Prince  of 
Servia  from  184Vi  to  1858.  Was  proclaimed  King  on  the  night  of  June  10-11,  lUOo,  by  tlie  otlicers  of 
the  Servian  Army  after  ihej'  had  mur'lered  King  Alexander  and  Qneen  Draga,  and  was  crowned  in 
October,  1904.  King  Peter  I.  was  married  in  1883  to  Princess  Zorka  of  Montenegro,  who  died  In  1890. 
He  has  two  sons  and  a  daughter,  George,  Alexander  and  Helen. 

King  Peter  is  descended  from  Karageorge,  a  peasant,  who  was  the  leader  of  the  insurrection 
against  Turkey  in  180  \.  He  reigned  as  Prince  of  Servia  from  1804  to  1813,  when  he  vvas  supplanted 
by  the  Obreuovic  during  a  second  iusurrection. 

SWEDEN. 

Oscar  II.,  King  of  Sweden,  born  January  21,  18'29;  son  of  Oscar!.,  and  grandson  of  Marshal 
Bernadotte.  He  married,  1857,  the  Princess  Sophia  of  Nassau,  and  has  had  four  sons,  tlie  eldest 
of  whom  is  the  Crown  Prince  Gustavus,  born  1858;  married,  1881,  to  the  Princess  Victoria  of 
Baden,  and  has  three  sons,  born  in  1882.  1884,  and  1889,  respectively.  The  eldest  son  of  Prince 
Gustavus  is  Prince  Gustavus  Adolphus,  who  married  in  1905  Princess  Margaret  of  Connaught,  and 
has  two  sons,  horn  1906  and  1907.  Tlie  King's  other  sons  are:  Prince  Oscar,  horn  1859,  married 
to  Lady  EbbaMunck,  one  of  his  mother's  maids  of  honor,  and  relinquished  his  rights  to  the  throne; 
Prince' Carl,  born  1861,  and  married,  1897,  Princess  Ingeborg,  second  daughter  or  the  King  of  Don- 
mark,  and  Prince  Eugene,  born  1865.  The  King  has  a  niece,  Louise,  married  to  the  King  of 
Denmark.  The  royal  family  comes  from  Napoleon's  Marshal  Bernadotte,  a  Frenchman,  who  was 
elected  heir-apparent  to  the  crown  of  Sweden  in  1810,  and  became  King  in  1818. 

WtTRTTEMBEKG. 

William  II.,  King  of  Wiirttemberg,  born  February  25,1848,  succeeded  his  uncle.  King  Charles 
I.,  October 6,  1891.  He  married,  1877,  Princess  Marie  of  Waldeck,  who  died,  leaving  a  daughter, 
Pauline,  boru  1877,  and  married,  1898,  Prince  Frederick  of  Wied.  The  King  married,  second. 
Princess  Charlotte  of  Schaumburg-Lippe,  by  whom  he  has  no  children.  As  the  King  has  no  male 
descendants,  the  heir  presumptive  is  his  distant  kinsman,  Duke  Albert,  born  1865,  married  to  the 
Archduchess  Margareta.  niece  of  the  Emperor  of  Austria,  and  has  three  sons  and  three  daughters. 

The  King's  mother.  Princess  Catherine,  is  living,  and  he  has  an  aunt.  Princess  Augusta,  married 
to  Prince  Herman  of  Saxe- Weimar,  with  issue  of  four  .sons  and  two  daughters.  He  has  a  number  of 
cousins,  one  of  them  being  the  late  Duke  of  Teck,  who  was  married  to  the  English  Princess  Mary  of 
Cambridge,  who  died  in  1897. 

BONAPABTIST. 
Of  the  Emperor  Napoleon  I.   and  his  brothers  Joseph  and  Louis,  male  issue  is  now  extinct.     The 
Emperor's  brothers  Lucien  and  Jerome  are  represented  by  the  following  living  descendants,  and  they 
constitute  the  present  Imperialist  house  of  France: 

Prince  Victor  Napoleon  (of  the  house  of  Jerome),  born  July  18,  1862,  is  the  son  of  the  late  Prince 
Napoleon  (who  died  March  18,  1891)  and  the  Princess  Clotilde,  sister  of  the  late  King  Humbert  of 
Ital.v.  The  Prince  has  been  recognized  by  his  party  as  the  undisputed  head  of  tlie  Bonaparte  family. 
He  "lives  in  Brussels  and  is  morganatically  married,  and  has  had  three  children.  His  onl.v  brother. 
Prince  Louis  Napoleon,  born  1864,  is  a  general  in  the  Russian  Army,  and  is  unmarried.  His  sister. 
Princess  Letitia,  born  1866,  is  the  widow  of  Prince  Amadeus  of  Italy,  her  own  uncle,  by  whom  she 
had  a  son.  Prince  Humbert,  born  1889. 

The  late  aunt  of  Prince  Victor  Napoleon,  the  Princess  Mathilde,  horn  1820;  married,  1840,  Prince 
Demidoff  of  Russia;  died  in  1904  without  children. 

Prince  Charles  Napoleon,  brother  of  the  late  Cardinal  Bonaparte,  who  died  February  12,  1899, 
was  the  last  representative  of  the  eldest  son  of  Napoleon's  brother  Lucien,  in  the  male  line.  He  was 
born  1839;  was  married  and  had  two  daughters— Marie,  wife  of  Lieutenant  Gotti,  of  the  Italian 
Army,  and  Eusreiiie,  unrnarried.  He  had  three  sisters,  marri«d  respectively  to  the  Marquis  of 
Roccagivoine,  Count  Primoli,  and  Prince  Gabrelli,  who  have  descendants. 

Prince  Roland  Bonaparte  is  the  only  living  male  cousin  of  Prince  Charles  Napoleon.  He  is  a  son 
of  the  late  Prince  Pierre  Napoleon  Bonaparte;  was  born  1858 ;  married,1880.  the  daughter  of  Blanc,  one 
of  the  proprietors  of  the  Monte  Carlo  gambling-hell.  His  wife  died  in  1882,  leaving  him  a  daughter 
and  a  fortune.     He  has  one  sister,  Jeanne,  born  1861,  and  married  to  the  Marquis  de  Villeneuve. 

Ex- Empress  Eugenie,  widow  of  Emperor  Napoleon  III.,  was  a  daughter  of  Count  Cyprlen  de 
Montijo,  a  Spanish  grandee,  and  was  born  May  5,  1826.  She  married  1853.  Became  a  widow, 
1873.     Her  only  son.  Prince  Louis  Napoleon,  was  killed  in  Zululand  in  1879. 

BOURBON— ORLEANIST. 
Philippe,  Duke  of  Orleans,  born  1869,  succeeded  his  father,  the  late  Count  of  Paris,  in  1894,  d„s  the 
head  of  the  ro.val  family  of  France.  He  married,  in  1896.  the  .\rchduchess  Marie- Dorothea, daughter 
of  the  Archduke  Joseph,  cousin  of  the  Emperor  of  Austria.  His  mother  (still  living)  was  the  Spani.sh 
Infanta  Louise  of  Montpensier,  and  he  has  one  brother,  the  Duke  of  Montpensier,  and  four  sisters. 
Princess  Amelie,  married  to  the  King  of  Portugal;  Helena,  married  to  the  Duke  of  Aosta,  nephew  of 
the  late  King  Humbert  of  Italy,  Isabel,  married  to  the  Duke  of  Guisis  son  of  the  Duke  of  Chartres; 
and  Louise,  married  to  Prince  Charles  of  Bourbon,  grandson  of  King  Ferdinand  1 1 . ,  of  Naples, 

The  only  uncle  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans  is  the  Duke  of  Chartres,  born  1840,  and  married  to  a  daughter 
of  the  Prince  of  Joinville.  The  issue  are  two  daughters  and  two  sons,  the  eldest  son  being  Prince 
Henrj',  born  1867  (died  at  Saigon,  Cochin-China,  in  1901);  the  second,  the  Duke  of  Gui.se ;  the  eldest 
daughter.  Princess  Marie,  being  married  to  Prince  Waldemar  of  Denmark,  and  the  second  daughter. 
Princess  Marguerite,  being  married  (in  1896)  to  Patrice  MacMahon.  Duke  of  Magenta. 

The  grand  uncles  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans  (who  were  the  sons  of  King  Tenuis  Philippe)  are  all  dead. 
Thej' were  the  Prince  of  Joinville,  born  1818,  died  1900.  married  to  a  dausrhter  of  Pedro  I.  of  Brazil, 
and  had  one  daughter  and  one  .son,  the  Duke  of  Penthievre,  horn  184.5;  Henrv,  Duke  of  Aumale, 
born  18*22,  died  ^childless)  1897;  Anthonv,  Duke  of  Montpensier,  born  1824,  died  1890  (married, 
1852,  a  sister  of  Queen  Isabella  of  Spain,  and  had  a  daughter,  the  wife  of  the  Count  of  Paris,  and  a 
son.  Prince  Anthony,  born  1866,  who  married,  1888,  his  cousin,  the  Infanta  Eulalie  of  Spain),  and 
Louis,  Duke  of  Nemours,  born  1814,  died  189(i.  He  was  the  father  of  two  daughters,  the  Princess 
Crartorj-ska,  deceased,  and  Princess  Blanche  of  Orleans,  and  two  sons,  the  eldest  being  the  Count  of 
Eu,  born  1842,  married  to  a  daughter  of  Pedro  II.  of  Brazil,  and  having  three  children,  and  the 
second  the  Duke  of  .\len90n,  born  1844,  and  married  to  a  Bavarian  princess  (who  was  burned  In  the 
Paris  bazaar  fire  in  1897),  and  having  two  children. 

By  the  death  of  the  Count  of  Chambord,  in  1883,  the  elder  line  of  the  Bourbons  of  France  became 
extinct,  and  the  right  of  succession  merged  in  the  (Jouut  of  Paris,  graudSQO  of  King  Louis  Philippe, 
representative  of  the  younger,  or  Orleans  line. 


The  Uritish  Empire. 


607 


THE  UNITED  KlN'(jJDOM, 


Countries. 


England  \ 
Wales.../. 
Scotland  .. 
Ireland  ... 
Lslands 


Total 


Area  in  Square 
Miles. 


58,324 

30,405 

3'2,3«0 

302 


Hov7  Acquired  by  England. 


Conquest 

Union 

Conquest 


121,391      41,976,82 


Date. 


12S2  ) 

1003 

1172 


Population, 


32,527,843 

4,472,103 

4, 458. 77.  > 

150, 370 


COLONIES  AND  DEPENDENCIES. 


Et^ROPK: 
Gibraltar . . 
Malta,  etc. 


Asi.a: 
India  (including  Burmah). 

Ceylon 

Ci'prus 

Aden  and  Socotra 

Straits  Settlements 

Hong  Kong 

Labuan 

British  North  Borneo  ...... 


Afkjca: 

Cape  Colony 

Natal  and  Zululand 

St.  Helena 

Ascension 

Sierra  Leone 

British  Guinea,  Gold  Coast,  etc 

Mauri tiu.s,  etc 

British  South  and  East  Africa, 

Transvaal 

Orange  River  Colony 


America: 
Ontario  and  Quebec... 

New  Brunswick 

Nova  Scotia...;; 

Manitoba 

-  British  Columbia,  etc  . 
Northwest  Territories. 
Prince  Edward  Island 

Newfoundland 

British  Guiana 

British  Honduras 

Jamaica , 

Trinidad  and  Tobago.., 

Barbados , 

Bahamas 

Bermuda , 

Other  Islands , 


Altstralasia: 

New  South  Wales 

Victoria 

South  Australia 

Queensland 

Western  Australia  .... 

Tasmania 

New  Zealapd 

Fiji 

New  Guinea  (British). 


2 
122 


1,800,258 

25,365 

3,584 

3,070 

1,500 

30^ 

31 

31,000 


276,800 
29, 200 

4r 

38 

4,000 

339,900 

1,063 

1,989,247 

119, 139 

48,326 


612, 735 

27,985 

21,428 

73,732 

372,630 

2,634,880 

2,184 

42,200 

104,000 

7,562 

4,193 

1,754 

166 

5,794 

19 

8,742 


310,700 

87,884 

903,690 

668,497 

975,876 

26, 215 

104,032 

7,423 

88,460 


Conquest 

Treaty  cession. 


/Conquest 

(.Transfer  from  E.  India  Co. 

Treaty  cession 

Convention  with  Turkej' 

(Aden)  conquest 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Cession  to  Company 


Treaty  cession 

Annexation 

Conquest 

An  nexation 

Settlement 

Treaty  cession 

Conquest  and  cession. 
Conquest  and  cession. 

Conquest 

Conquest /.... .. 


Conquest 

Tieat J'  cession 

Conquest 

Settlement 

Transfer  to  Crown  . ... 
Charter  to  Company. . 

Conquest 

Treaty  cession 

Conquest  and  cession. 

Conquest 

Conquest 

Conquest 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Settlement 


Settlement 

Settleineut 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Purcha.se 

Cession  frdm  the  natives 
Annexation 


1704 
1814 


Begun  1<57  I 
1858   / 
1801 
18,8 
1839 
1785-1824 
1841 
1846 
1877 


27,460 
188,141 

294,360,356 

3,578,333 
237,0.2 
44,000 
272,249 
386, 159 
8,411 
175,000 


1588,  1814 

1843 

1673 

1815 

1787 

1872 
1810,  1814 
18.0-1890 

1900 

1900 


1759-601 
1763  1 
1627  1 
1813  \ 
1858  I 
1670  1 
1745  J 
1713 

1803-1814 
1798 
1655 
1797 
1605 
1629 
1612 


1788 

1832 

1836 

,1824 

;  1828 

<1803 

1845 

1874 

1884 


2,433,000 

925,118 

3,342 

380 

76,655 

23,455,000 

392,500 

14,911,000 

1,091,156 

207.503 


5,371,315 


217,037 

294,000 

37,479 

771,900 

279,700 

195,600 

54,358 

17,5;36 

255,000 


1,379,700 
1,208,710 
364,800 
510. 520 
194,800 
174,230 
787,660 
120,950 
350,000 


Estimates  of  area  and  present  population  are  by  Whitaker,  and  in  someca.ses  bj'  the  "Statesman's 
Year- Book, "  except  for  British  Africa  and  the  late  accessions  there,  which  are  corrected  by  Raven- 
steiu's  figures.  Theentire  population  of  the  empire,  according  to  the  estimates  of  the  "Statesman's 
Year- Book,"  is  392,846,835,  and  the  total  area,  11,433,283.  The  East  Indian  possessions  extend 
overaterritorj' larger  than  the  continent  of  Europe  without  Russia;  but  the  North  American  posses- 
sions are  greater  still,  and,  inclusive  of  Hud.son's  Bay  and  the  great  lakes,  have  a  larger  area  than 
the  whole  of  Europe.     British  Africa  and  Australasia  are  the  next  po.ssessions  in  size. 

POPULATION  OF  THE   UNITED  KIXUDOM   BY  SUCCESSIVE  CENSUSES. 


1831. 

13,090,523 

806.274 

2,364,386 

7.767,401 

24,028,584 

1841. 

15,002,443 

911,705 

2,620,184 

8,196.597 

26.730,929 

1851. 

- 

16,921,888 
1,005.721 
2,888,742 
6,574,278 

27,390,629 

1861. 

18,954.444 
1,111,780 
3.062,294 

5,798,967 

28.927,485 

1871. 

"21,495,131 
1,217,135 
3,.360,018 
5,412,377 

.31,484.661 

1881. 

24,613,926 
1.360,513 
3,735,573 
5,174,836 

34.884.848 

1891.               1901. 

England... 

Wales 

Scotland. . . 
Ireland  ... 

Total  .... 

27,499,984  )  .,o  507  84^ 
1,501,034'/^-'^^''*'*^ 
4,033,103       4,472.10.", 
4,706,448       4,458,775 

•37,888.4.39!  t41.976,827 

Including  147.870  inliabitants  of  islands  in  the  United  Kingdom, 
but  not  including  367,736  army,  navy  and  merchant  seamen  abroad. 


t Including   150,370  in  islands, 


60g 


The  British  Royal  Family. 


^TJje  JSritislj  Urinal  JFamils. 

'  Dkcembkr  1,  1907. 

Edward  VIT. ,  "by  the  grace  of  God  of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  and 
of  the  British  Dominions  Beyond  the  Seas,  King,  Defender  of  the  Faith,   Emperor  of  India, "  was 
born   November  9,   1841,   and  succeeded  his  mother  .Taauary  22.    1901.     He  was  married  to  the 
Princess  .\lexaiidra of  Denmark  (born  December  1,  1844),  March  10,  1863.    In  the  following  table  » 
their  cliildren  and  graudcliildren  are  enumerated  :  [Children  in  small  caps.    Theirchildren  follow.] 


Name. 

Born 

Died. 
1892 

187i 

^farried. 

Date." 

1.  A  LBKKT  ViCTOK,  DL'KE  OF  CLARENCE. 

2.  Geohge     Frederick,     Prixce     ok 

Wale.s • 

1864 

1865 
1894 
1895 
1897 
1900 
1902 
1905 
1867 
1891 
1893 
1868 
1869 
1903 
1871 

Princess  Victoria  Mary  of  Teck 

Duke  of  Fife 

1893 

Edward  \lbert .••• 

Alhprt  Frederick 

"V^iotoria  Alpxaiidra .    ......«••••. 

Henrv  William 

G  eorare  Kd  ward 

.Tnhii  Cliarles 

S  TjOclse  Victoria    Duchess  of  Fife. 

1889 

Ale.xandra  Victoria 

Kiner  Haakon  VII.  of  Norway 

Maud  Ale.vandra 

4.  Victoria  Alexaxdr.\ 

ft    AfAr'n     Or' I'K'v  f>F 'N'nR  \VA  V 

1896 

Olaf  Alexander  Edward 

6.  Ale-xander 

OTHER  DESCENDANTS  OF  THE  LATE  QUEEN  VICTORIA.* 


1.  Victoria  Adelaide,  Princess 
Royal. 

Frederick  William  (succ.  as  German 
Emperor,  June,  1888).  {Issue,  6 
sons,  1  daughter) ....'. 

Cliarlotte.     (Issue,  1  daughter) 

Henry.    (Z^site,  2sons) 

Siglsn"i  u  nd 

Victoria 

Joachim 

Sophia  Dorothea.  (Issuers  sons, 2  dan. ) 

Margaret.     (Lssii*',  6  sons) 

3.  Alice  Mai'dMaky,  GrandDuchess 

of    HE.SSE. 

Victoria  Alberta.  (Issue,  2  sons,  1 
daughter) 

Elizabeth 

Irene  Marie.     (Issue,  2  sons) 

Ernest  Louis,  Grand  Duke  of  Hesse. 
(Issue,  1  S(/U,  1  daughter) 

Frederick  William 

Alice  Victoria.      (Issue,  1  sou  4  dau.) 

Marv  Victoria 

4.  Alfred,    duke    of    Saxe-Coburg- 

GoTHA,  Duke  of  Edinburgh. 

Alfred  Alexander 

Marie  Alexandra  Victoria.      (Jssur, 

2  sons,  2  daughters) 

Victoria Melita.    (JvsK€,lson,l  dau.) 
Alexandra   Jx>uise.     (Issue,    1    son, 

3  daughters). 
Beatrice 

Helena,  Princess  Christian... 

Christian  Victor ., .. — 

Albert  John... 

Victoria  Louise 

Louise  Augusta 

Harold 

Louise,  Duchess  of  Argylu 

Arthur,  Duke  of  Connaught 

Margaret.    (Issue,  1  sou) 

Arthur  Patrick 

Victoria  Patricia 

Leopold,  Duke  of  Albanv 

Alice  Mary.    (Isnie,  1  daughter) . 

Leopold,  2d  Duke  of  Albany,  Dnkeof 

Saxe-Coburg-(iOtha  (Issue.  1  son)   . 

Beatrice  Mary  Victoria  Feodohe. 

Alexander  Albert 

Victoria  Eu°:enie  Julia  Ena 

Leopold  Arthur  Louis 

Maurice  Victor  Donald 


5. 


6. 


8. 


9. 


1840 


1859 
1860 
1862 
1864 
1866 
1868 
1870 
1872 

1843 

1863 
1864 
1866 

1868 
1870 
1872 
1874 

1844 
1874 

1875 
1876 

1878 
1884 
1846 
1867 
1869 
1870 
1872 
1876 
1848 
1850 
1882 
1883 
1886 
1853 
1883 

1884 
1857 
1886 
1887 
1889 
1891' 


1901 


1866 


1879 


1878 


1873 


1878 

1900 
1899 


1900 


Crown  Prince  of  Prussia  (succ.  as  German 
Emperor,  March,  1888.  Died  June,  1888) 


Princess  Augusta  of  Schleswig-Holstein. 

Prince  of  Saxe-Meiningeu 

Princess  Irene  of  Hesse., 


Prince  Adolphus  of  Schaumburg-Lippe  . . 

Duke  of  Sparta,  son  of  King  of  the  Greeks. 

Prince  Frederick  Charles  of  Hesse 

Louis  IV.,  (irand  Duke  of  Hesse  (died 
March  13.  1892> 


Prince  I^uis  of  Battenberg  .... 
(irand  Duke  Sergius  of  Russia 
Prince  Henry  of  Prussia 


Princess  Victoria  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 
Emperor  Nicholas  II.  of  Russia 


Grand  Duchess  Marie,  daughter  of  Alex- 
ander II.  ,  Emperor  of  Russia 


Ferdinand,  Crown  Prince  of  Roumanla. . 

(t)  Grand  Duke  Cyril  of  Russia 

Hereditary   Prince   of    Hohenlohe-Lau- 
genberg.... 


Pr.  Fred.  Chris,  of  Schleswig-Holstein. 


1876 


t  Prince  Aribertof  Anbalt-D6ssau. 


Duke  of  Argyll 

Prince.ss  Louise  of  Prussia 

Prince  Gustavus  Adolphus  of  Sweden. .. 


1884  Princess  Helena  of  Waldeck-Pj'rmont... 

Prince  Alexander  of  Teck 

Princess  Victoria  of  Schleswig-Holstein- 

Glficksburg , 

Prince  Henry  ol  Battenberg  (died  1896) 


jKing  Alphouso  XIII.  of  Spain. 


1858 


1881 
1878 
1888 

1890 

1889 
1893 

1862 

1884 

1884 
1888 

1894 

1894 


1874 

1893 
1906 

1896 

1866 

1891 

1871 
1879 
1905 


1882 
1904 

1905 

1885 

1906 


First  cousins  of  the  late  Queen  Victoria  in  the  paternal  line  were  the  Dnkeof  Cambridge,  born 
1819,  died  1904;  .\ugusta,  Duchessof  Meeklenburg-Strelitz,  born  1822,  and  Mary  Adelaide,  Duchess 
of  Teck,  born  1822.  died  1897.  The  Queen  also  had  a  large  number  of  cousins  through  her  mother, 
the  Duchess  of  Kent.  Whitaker's  Peerage  has  a  list  of  over  240  living  blood  relatives  of  the  late 
Queen.  '[Children  in  small  caps.  Theirchildren  follow.]  t  Second  marriage,  her  first  husband 
was  Ernest  Louis,  (jrand  Duke  of  Hesse,  married  1894,  from  whom  she  was  divorced.  The  children 
are  by  first  husband,    t  Marriage  dissolved  in  1900. 


Order  of  Succession  to  the  Jh-itlsh   Throne, 


GOO 


(©rTrtr  of  .Succcsiston  to  tl)c  iJritiBf)  K\)\:ts\\t. 


Thb  following  is  the  ordir  of  suocessioa  to  the  IJrjtish  throne 
III.  Falling  all  the-^e  the  succe-;.'iion  would  fall  to  ih-  other  ciesi 
ular  order.  Every  future  new  birth  among  the  descendauts  of 
place  therein. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  KING  EDWARD  VII. 

1  Prince  of  Wales,  son. 

2  Prince  Edward  of  Wiiles,  granil.son. 

3  Prince  Albert  of  Wales,  grandson. 

4  Prince  Henry  of  Wales,  grandson. 

5  Prince  Ueorge  E  Iward  of  Wales,  grandson. 

6  Prince  John  of  Wales,  grandson. 

7  Princess  Victoria  of  Wales,  grand^Iaughter. 

8  The  Princess  lioyal.  Duchess  of  Fife,  liaughter, 

9  Princess  Alexandra  (Duff)  granddaughter. 
10  Princess  Maud  (Duff)  gi  amidauyhter. 
U  Princess  Victoria  ot  United  Kingd'in,  daughter. 

12  Quesn  of  Norw.ay,  daughter. 

13  Crowu  Priilce  of  Nor.vay,  grandson. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  QUEEN  VICTORIA. 

14  Grand  DucheKS  Cyril  of  Kussia,  granddaughter. 

15  Hereditary     Princess    of   Hoheulohe-Langenburg,     grand- 

daughter. 

16  Prime  Gottfried  of  Hohenlohe-Langenbnrg,  gr.  atgranilson. 

17  Princess   Maria    of    Hohenlohe-L;ingenburg,  great-gran!- 

daughter. 

18  Princess  Alexandra  of  Hohenlohe-Langenbnrg,  great-grand- 

daui^hter. 

19  Princess     Irma    of     Hohenlohe-Langenburg,   great-granil- 

daughter. 

20  Princess  Beatrice  of  Saxe-Col)urg,  granddaughter. 

21  The  Duke  of  Connaught,  son. 
^'2   Prince  Arthur  of  Connaught,  grandson. 

23  Princess  Gnstavus  of  Sweden,  granddaughter. 

24  Prince  Gustavus  Adolphus  of  Sweden,  great-grandson. 

25  Princess  Patricia  of  Connaught,  gramldaiighter. 

26  The  Dulie  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  grand-on. 
2;   Prince    Johann    Leopold    of    Saxe  Coburg- Gotha,    great- 
grandson. 

28  Princess  Alice  of  Teck,  granddaughter. 

29  Princess  May  Helen  of  Teck,  great-granddnughter. 

30  The  German  Emperor,  grandson. 

31  The  Crown  Prince  of  Germany,  greaf-grands^n. 

32  Prince  Wilhelm  of  Germany,  great-great-g,  andson. 

33  Prince  Wilhelm  Filedrich,  great-gr.nidsoo. 

34  Prince  Eitel-Frelerick  of  Prussia,  great  grandson. 

35  Prince  Adalbert  of   Prussia,  great-grandson. 

36  Prince  Augustus  of  Prussia,  great-g  andson. 

37  Prince  Oscar  of  Prussia,  great-grandson. 

38  Prince  Joachim  of  Prussia,  great-g -andson. 

39  Princess  Victoria  ^if  Prussi.a,  great-granddaughter. 

40  Prince  Henry  of  Prussia,  grandson. 

41  Prince  VValdemar  of  Prussia,  great-grandson. 

42  Frince  .Sigismnnd  of  Prussia,  great-grandson. 

43  Hereditary  Princess  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  granddaughter. 

44  Princess  Heinrich  of  Reuss.  great-granddaughter. 

45  Princess  Adolphus  of  Schomburg-Lippe,  granddaughter. 

46  Crown  Princess  of  Greece,  granddaughier. 

47  Prince  George  of  Greece,  great-gramlson. 

48  Prince  Alexander  of  Greece,  great  grandson. 

49  Prince  Paul  of  Greece,  great-grandsnn. 

60  I'rincess  Helena  of  Greece,  great-gran  Idanghter. 

61  Princess  Eirene  of  Greece,  greal-granddaugi'ter. 
52  Princess  Freds-rick  Charles  of  Hesse,  granddaughter. 

63  Prince  Frederick  Wilhelm  of  Hesse,  great-;;randson. 

64  Prince  Maximilian  of  Hesse,  great-grandson. 
•  65  Prince  Philip  of  Hesse,  great-grandson. 

Ob'  Prince  Wolfgang  of  Hesse,  great  grandson. 

PRECEDING    SUCCESSION    TO    THE    THRONE. 

In  the  year  1066,  Harold,  the  last  of  tlie  Saxon  kings,  being  slain  in  battle,  William  the  Conqueror, 
as  he  was  afterward  called,  seized  the  throne  by  right  of  conquest,  and  the  succession  passed  from 
him  to  his  second  son,  William,  and  then  to  his  tliird  son,  Henry  I.  On  the  death  of  the  latter  a  war 
ensued  between  his  granddaughter  Matilda  and  his  nephew  Stephen,  which  resulted  In  favor  of  the 
latter.  On  Stephen's  death  the  crown  reverted  to  Matilda's  son,  Henry  II. ,  who  was  succeeded  by 
his  second  son,  Ricliard  I.  He  dying  without  children,  Henry's  fourth  son,  John,  succeeded,  who 
was  followed  by  his  son,  Henry  III.  He  in  turn  was  followed  by  his  eldest  son,  Edward  I. ,  who  was 
in  succession  followed  by  his  son  and  grandson, Edward  II. and  Edward  III.  The  son  of  Edward  II  [. 
dying  in  his  father's  lifetime,  a  grandson,  Richard  II. ,  succeeded,  and  in  his  reign  were  sown  the  seeds 
of  the  Wavsof  the  Roses,  which  were  afterward  to  bear  such  ill  fruit. 

Richard  11.  wasdeposed  by  Henry  IV.,  who  was  the  eldest  son  of  a  younger  brother  of  his  father. 
Henry  IV.  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Henry  V. ,  and  he  by  his  son,  Henry  VI.,  who  was  deposed  by 
Edward  IV.,  who  claimed  the  throne  by  right  of  descent  from  Lionel,  third  sonof  PMward  III.,  and 
who  was  an  elder  brother  of  John  of  Gnunt,  the  father  of  Henry  IV.  Edward  IV.  was  succeeded  by 
his  son,  Edward  V.,  who  died  an  infant,  and  then  by  his  brother,  Richard  Itl. ,  who  wa.s  slain  in  tlie 
battle  of  Bosworth  Field,  fought  between  him  and  Henry  'I'ndor,  great-great-grandson  of  John  of 
Gaunt  by  his  third  wife,  Katheriiie  Swynford.  Henry  ascended  the  throne  under  the  title  of  Henry 
Vir. ,  and  married  Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of  Edward  IV.,  and  thus  united  the  two  houses  of  York 
and  Lancaster  and  put  an  end  to  tlie  Wars  of  the  Hoses. 

Henry  VII.  was  followed  by  his  son,  Henry  VIII. ,  who  was  succeeded  in  turn  by  his  three  child- 


(Jauuary,  1908)  to  the  last  of  the  living  descendants  of  George 
enilants  of  the  preceding  British  kings  going  baciiward  in  reg- 
Victoria  and  George  III.  in  the    line  below  takes    its  relative 

57  Prince  Richard  of  Hesse,  great-grandson. 

68  Prince  Chiistoph  of  Hesse,  great-grandson. 

69  Grand  Duke  of  Hesse,  grandson. 

60  Prince  (Son  of  Is'o.  59),  great-grandson. 

61  Princess  Louise  of  Battenberg,  granddaughter. 

62  I'rince  George  of  B.ittenberg,  great-grandson. 

63  Prince  Louis  of  Battenberg.  grandsr.n. 

6t  Princess  Andrew  of  Greece,  great-granddaughter, 

65  Princess  Margaret  of  Gre-ce,  great-great-granddaughter, 

66  Princess  Lonisa  of  Battenberg,  srieat-granddaughter. 

67  Grand  Duchess  Sergius  of  Prussia,  gran  Idaughter. 

68  Princess  llenryof  Prussia  (Wife  of  No.  40J,  granddaughier. 

69  The  Empress  of  Russia,  granditanghter. 

70  The  Tsarevitch,  great-grandson. 

71  The  Grand  Duchess  Olga  of  Rmsia,  great-granddaughter. 

72  The  Grand  Duchess  Tatianaol  Russia, treai-gr^indd  .ughtev. 

73  The  Grand  Duchess  Marie  of  Russia,  greal-grand<langhter. 

74  The    Grand   Duchess  Anastasia  of    Russia,   great-grand 

daughter. 

75  Princess  Christian  of  Schleswig-Tfolstein,  dinghter. 

76  Prince  Albert  of  Schleswig-H..lstein,  grandson . 

77  Princess  Victoria  of  Schleswig-Ilolstein,  granddaughter. 

78  Princess  Louise  of  Si  hieewig-llolstein,  granddaugiiter. 

79  Princess  Louise,  Duche>s  of  Argyll,  daughter. 

80  Princess  Henry  of  Battenberg,  daughter. 

81  Prince  Alexander  of  Battenberg,  grandson. 

82  Prince  Leopold  of  Battenberg,  grandson. 

83  Prince  Maurice  of  Battenberg,  grandson. 

84  The  Queen  of  .'spain,  gramldaugnter. 

85  The  Prince  of  the  Asturias,  Alphonao,  great-grandson. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  KING  GEORGE   III. 

86  The  Duke  of  Cumberland,  great-grandson. 

87  Prince  George  of  Cumberland,  greaf-grtat-grandson. 

88  Prince  Ernest  of  Cumlierland,  great-great-grandson. 

89  Princess  Maxiniilinn  ot  Baden,  great-great-granddanghter. 

90  Princess  Marie  of  Baden,  gieat-gieat-great-grandilaughter. 

91  Grand   Duchess   of   ilecklcnUurg-Schweriu,  great -great- 

granddaughter. 

92  Princess  Olga  of  Cumberland,  great-great-eranddau?hter. 

93  Baroness  von  Pawel  Rainingen,  great-granddaughter. 

94  Dowager  Grand  Duchess  of  Jlecklenburg-iStrelit)'.,  grand- 

daughter. 

95  The  Grand  Duke  of  Jlecklenburg-Streliti,  great-grandson. 

96  Hereditary   Grand   Duke   of  Meeklenburg-Strelilx,  great- 

great-grandson. 

97  Duke  Charles  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  great-great-graud- 

son. 

98  Duchess  Marie  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz  (Countess  Jametel), 

great-great-granddaui;hter. 

99  Son  of  No.  ?8,  great-great-great-grandson. 

100  Duchess  August  (Princess  Militza  of  Motitenegro),   great- 

great-granddaughter. 

101  The  Duke  of  Teck,  great-grandson. 

102  Prince  George  of  Teck,  great-great-gratidson. 

103  Princess  Victoria  of  Teck,  great-great-granddaughter. 

104  Princess  Helena  of  Teck,  great-great-grandd.iughler. 

105  Prince  Francis  of  Teck,  great-grandson. 

106  Prince   Alexander   of  Teck  (Husband   of  No.  28),   great- 

grandson. 

107  Prince  Rupert  of  Teck,  great-great-grandson. 

lOS  Princess  May  of  Teck,  great-great-granddaughter. 
109  Princess  of  Wales. 


610 


Order  of  Succession  to  the  British   Throne. 


ren,  Edward  VI., Mary  I.,  and  Elizabeth,  at  whose  death  the  crown  fell  to  James  VI.  of  Scotland, 
great-grandson  of  Margaret  eldest  daughter  of  Henry  VII.  of  Kugland,  who  ascended  the  throne 
of  England  under  the  title  of  James  I.  On  his  death  his  tliird  son  ascended  as  Charles  I.,  but  he 
was  beheaded  in  1G49  by  Cromwell,  who  was  made  Protector  until  his  death  in  1660,  when  the  eldest 
son  of  Charles  came  to  the  throne  as  Charles  IT.  and  he  was  followed  by  his  brother,  James  II.  The 
latter  abdicated  in  1688,  and  was  succeeded  by  a  nephew,  who  had  married  the  eldest  daughter 
of  James,  and  the  two  reigned  under  their  joint  names  as  William  III.  andMarv  II. 

On  their  death  James  II. 's  second  daughter,  Anne,  ascended,  and  she  dvihg  childless  the  crown 
fell  to  the  Elector  of  Hanover,  who  was  grandson  of  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  James  I.  of  England. 
This  Prince,  George  I. ,  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  George  II.,  who  was  succeeded  by  his  grandson, 
George  III.  After  a  longer  reign  than  any  previous  English  monarch,  this  king  was  succeeded  by 
his  eldest  son,  George  IV.,  and  by  his  third  son,  William  IV.,  both  of  whom  dving  childless,  the 
crown  fell  to  Victoria,  only  child  of  Edward,  fourth  son  of  (ieoree  III.,who  ascended  the  throne 
in  1837,  and  she  was  succeeded  on  her  death  by  her  eldest  son,  the  present  sovereign. 


TITLE    AND    OATH    OF    THE    KING. 

The  Royal  Titles  Act,  which  received  the  Royal  Assent  on  August  17,  1901,  enacted  that— 

"It  shall  be  lawful  for  His  Most  Gracious  Majesty,  with  a  view  to  the  recognition  of  His 
Majestj''s  Dominions  beyond  the  seas,  by  His  Koyal  Proclamation  under  the  C^reat  Seal  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  issued  within  six  months  after  the  passing  of  this  act,  tomakesuch  addition  to  the  stvie 
and  titles  at  present  appertaining  to  the  Imperial  Crown  of  the  United  Kingdom  and  its  dependencies 
as  to  His  Majesty  may  seem  fit.  " 

Mr.  Chamberlain,  the  Secretary  for  the  Colonies,  sent  the  following  telegram  to  Colonial 
Governors,  asking  them  which  title  for  the  King  they  preferred.     No.  3  was  generally  approved. 

"  King  Edward's  accession  offers  an  opportunity  of  considering  the  titles  of  the  5lonarch,  and  I 
am  desirous  that  the  separate  and  greatly  increased  importance  of  the  Colonies  should  be  recognized, 
if  possible.  > 

' '  The  following  suggestions  have  been  made:— 

"First. — 'King  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Emperorof  India,  and  King  (or  Sovereign)  of 
Canada,  Australasia,  and  all  British  Dominions  beyond  the  Seas. ' 

' '  Second.  —Addition  to  present  title  of  the  woi-ds,  '  Sovereign  Lord  or  King  of  the  British  Realms 
beyond  the  Seas. ' 

"Third.— Addition  to  present  title  of  the  words,  '  King  of  all  the  British  Dominions  beyond  the 
Sea' ;  without  specifying  any  particular  Colony. 

"  On  the  whole,  I  prefer  the  third  suggestion." 

On  November  4.  1901.  the  title  assumed  by  His  Majesty  was  ** Edward  VII.,  by  the  Grace  of  Ood 
of  the  United  Kinpdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  of  the  British  Dominions  beyond  the  Seas,  King, 
Defender  of  the  Faith,  Emperor  of  India. ' ' 

THE  KING'S  ACCESSION  OATH. 

The  Accession  Oath  taken  by  King  Edward,  to  which  so  much  exception  was  taken,  is  as 
follows:  — 

"I,  Edward,  do  solemnly  and  sincerely,  in  the  presence  of  God,  profess,  testify,  and  declare, 
that  I  do  believe  that  in  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  there  is  not  any  transubstaiitiation  of 
the  elements  of  bread  and  wine  into  the  body  and  blood  of  Christator  after  the  consecration  there- 
of by  any  person  whatsoever;  and  that  the  invocation  or  adoration  of  the  Virgin  Mary  or  any  other 
Saint,  and  the  sacrifice  of  the  Mass. ,  as  they  are  now  used  in  the  Church  of  Rome,  are  superstitious 
and  idolatrous,  and  I  do  solemnly,  in  the  presence  of  God,  profess,  testify  and  declare,  that  I  do 
make  this  declaration,  and  every  part  thereof  in  the  plain  and  ordinary  sense  of  the  words  read  unto 
me  as  they  are  commonly  understood  by  English  Protestants  without  any  evasion,  equivocation,  or 
mental  reservation  whatsoever,  and  withoutanydispensation  already  granted  me  for  this  purpose  by 
the  Pope  or  any  other  authoritj'.  or  person  whatsoever,  or  without  any  hope  of  any  such  dispensation 
fromany  person  or  authority  whatsoever,  or  without  thinking  that  I  am  or  can  be  acquitted  before 
God  or  man,  or  absolved  of  this  declaration  or  any  part  thereof,  although  the  Pope  or  any  other 
person  or  persons  or  power  whatsoever  should  dispense  with  or  annul  the  same,  or  declare  that  it  was 
null  and  void  from  the  beginning. ' ' 

The  revised  form  of  oath  which  the  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Lords  suggested  for  the 
King's  Accession  Oath  ran  thus:  — 

"T,  A.  B.,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  (or  Queen)  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the 
Faith,  do  solemnly  and  sincerely,  in  the  presence  of  God,  profess  and  testify,  and  declare  that  I  do 
believe,  that  in  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  there  is  not  any  transubstantiation  of  the 
elementsof  bread  and  wine  into  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ,  at  or  after  the  consecration  thereof  by 
any  person  whatsoever.  And  I  do  believe  that  the  invocation  or  adoration  of  the  Virgin  Mary  or  any 
other  Saint,  and  the  sacrifice  of  the  Mass  as  they  are  now  used  in  the  Church  of  Rome,  are  contrary 
to  the  Protestant  Religion.  And  I  do  solemnlj',  in  the  presence  of  God,  profess,  testify  and  declare 
that  I  do  make  this  declaration  and  every  part  thereof  unreservedly." 

But  this  amendment  was  so  much  criticised  that  it  was  withdrawn. 


BRITISH    PREMIERS    SINCE    THE    ACCESSION    OF    GEORGE    III. 


1760— Duke  of  Newca-stle. 
1762— Earl  of  Bute. 
1763— Georgs  Greiiviile. 
176,5— Marquis  of  lt(»<'kingham.. 
1766— Earl  of  Chatham. 
1767— Duke  of  Grafton. 
1770— Lord  North. 
1782— Marquis  of  Rockingham. 
1782--.Earl  of  Shelbourue. 
178;i-William  Pitt. 
1801— Henrv  Addiiigton. 
1804-WiIliam  Pitt. 
18<)6— Lr)rd  f;renville. 
1H07— Duke  of  Port  land. 
1809— Spencer  Percival. 


1812 -Earl  of  Liverpool. 
1827— George  Canning. 
1827— Viscount  Goderich. 
1828-Dnke  of  Wellington. 
lS30-Earl  Grev. 
1834— Viscount  Melbourne. 
1834 -sir  Robert  Peel. 
1835 -Viscount  Melbourne. 
1841-Sir  Robert  Peel. 
1846-r.ord  John  Russell. 
1H51-F:arl  of  Derby. 
18.52-Earl  of  Aberdeen. 
1855— T<ord  Palinerstou. 
18.58-Karl  of  Derby. 
1859— Lord  Palmerston. 


1865— Lord  John  Russell. 
1866-Earl  of  Derby, 
1868— Benjamin  Disraeli. 
1868-William  E.Gladstone. 
1874— Benjamin  Disraeli. 
1880— William  E.Gladstone. 
1885-Marquisof  Salisbury. 
1886 -William  E.  (Jiadstone. 
1886— Marquis  of  Salisbury. 
1892— William  E.  fJladstone. 
1894-Earl  of  R<jseliery. 
1895— Marquis  of  Salisbury. 
19()2— Arthur  J.  Balfour. 
1905— H.Campbell- Ban  Herman. 


The  British  Government. 


611 


^!)C  Uritfsf)  CJoUrvnmrnt. 


KC. 


The  Present  Liberal  Ministry. 

Sir  Henry  C.  Bannerman | 

Marquis  of  Ripon 

fcjir  Edward  (^rey,  Bart 

Lord  Loreburu 

Earl  of  Crevve 

Herbert  Henry  Asquitli, 
Herbert  Jolm  Gladstone. 

Earl  of  Elgin 

Richard  Burdon  Haldane. 

John  .Morley 

John  Sinclair 

Lord  Tweedniouiii 

David  Lloyd  Cieorge 

John  Bnrils 

R.  McKenna.K.  (; 

Sir  Henrj'  Hartlej'  Fowler 

Sydney  C  Buxton 

Augustine  Birrell.K. C 

Sir  Samuel  Walker,  Bart. . 

EarlCarrington 

Lewis  Vernon  Harcourt.. 


JosephAlbertPea.se 

John  Herbert  Lewes 

Cecil  William  IS'orton 

Walter  Runciman 

George  Whiteley 

Richard  Knight  L'auston  

Herbert  Louii  Samuel 

Lord  Fitzniaurice 

Winston  L.  S.  Churchill 

John  E.Ellis 

Earl  of  Portsmouth 

Sir  John  Lawson  Walton,  K.L". 
Sir  W.  S.  Robson,  K.C 


Earl  Beauchamp.. 
Viscount  Althorp. 
Earl  of  Grauard.. 


John  Sinclair  

Lord  Dunedin 

Thomas  Shaw,  K.C. 


Lord  Kingsburgh. 


Alexander  LTre,  K.  C. 


Earl  of  Aberdeen 

Augustine  IMrrfll.  K.  C 

Sir  Antoiiv  Patrick  JNtacDonnell. 

Sir  S.iMuiei  Walker, Bart 

Richard  Robert  Cherry,  K.  C 


THE     MINISTRY. 

iiEL'E.MUEu  i.iao;. 

Pvinie  Minister. 

First  Lord  of  tlie  Treasury, 

Lord  Privy  Seal. 

I\>rei{ja  Secretary. 

Lord  Hi{ih  Clianceltor. 

President  of  t/ie  (Jbuncil. 

Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer. 

Home  Secretary. 

Colonial  Secretary. 

Secretary  for  War. 

Secretary  for  India. 

Secretary  for  Scotland. 

First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty. 

President  Board  of  Trade. 

Pres.  Local  Governmeat  Boaid. 

President  Board  of  Education. 

Chancellor  Duchy  Lancaste?: 

Postmaster-  General. 

Chief  Secretary  for  Ireland. 

Lord  Chancellor  for  Ireland. 

President  Board  of  Affricultuie. 

First  Commissioner  of  Works. 

Presidemt  of  Board  of  Education. 

Lords  Commissioners  of  t/iC 
Treasury. 

Joint  Sees.  Treasuri/. 

Paymcusler-  General. 

Political  Secretai-y  Home  Office. 

Political  Secretary  Foreign  Office. 

Political  Secretary  Ojlonial  Office. 

Political  Secretary   India    ofice. 

Political  Secretary  War  Office. 

Attorney-  General. 

Solicitor-  General. 

HOUSEHOLD    OFFICIALS. 

Lord  Stewai-d. 

Lord  Chamberlain. 

blaster  of  the  Horse. 

Master  of  the  Buckhounds. 

SCOTLAND. 

Secretary  a)id  Keeper  of  Great  Seal. 

Lord  Justice-  General. 

Lord  Advocate. 

Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal. 

Lord  Justice  Clerk. 

Lord  Clerk  Repister. 

Solicitor-  Getieral. 

IRELAND. 

Lord-  Lieutenant. 

Chief  Secretary. 

Uiuler-  Secretary. 

Lcjrd  Chancellor. 

Attorney-  General. 


/ 


The  Late  Unionist  Ministby. 
\  -\rthur  J.  Balfour. 

Marquis  of  Salisbury. 
Marquis  of  Lansdow  ue. 
Earl  of  Halsbury. 
Marquis  of  Londonderry. 
Austen  Chamberlain. 
Areta.s  Akers  Douglas. 
Hon.  Alfied  Lyttelton. 
Hugh  O.  Arnold  Forster. 
Hon.  St.  John  Brodrick. 
Marquis  of  Linlithgow. 
Earl  Cawdor. 
Marquis  of  .Salisbury. 
Gerald  William  Ballour. 
Marquis  of  Londonderry 
Sir  W.   H.  Walroud. 
Lord  Stanley. 
Walter  Hume  Long. 
Lord  Ashbourne. 
Hon.  Ailwyn  Fellowes. 

Marquis  of  Londonderry. 

Hon.  Edmund  Talbot. 
H.  W.   Forster. 

I  Lord  Balcarres. 

^Sir  A.  Acland  Hood. 

/Victor  Cavendish. 
SirSavile  Crossley,  Bart. 
Hon.  Thomas  Cochrane. 
Earl  Percy. 
Duke  of  Marlborough. 
Marquis  of  Bath. 
Earl  of  Donoughmore. 
Sir  Robert  B.  Finlay,  K.  C. 
Sir  Edward  Carson,  K.  C. 


Earl  of  Pembroke. 
Earl  of  Clarendon. 
Uuke  of  Portland. 
Lord  Chesham. 

Marquis  ot  Linlithgow. 

Lord  Kinross. 

Charles  Scott  Dickson,  K.  C. 

Earl  of  Leven  aM<l  Melville. 

Lord  Kingsburgh  (Macdonuld). 

Duke  of  Montrose. 

James  Avon  Clyde,  K.  C. 

Earl  Dudley  (not  in  the  Cabinet) 
W.  H.Long'  (intheCabinei). 
Sir  Antony  Patrick  MucDonnell. 
Lord  Ashbourne. 
John  Atkinson,  K.  C. 


COURTS    OF    LAW. 

HousK  OF  Lords— ZorcZ  High  Chancellor.,  Lord  Loreburu,  and  such  peers  of  Parliament  as  are  holding 
or  have  held  high  judicial  oilice. 

LoRosoF  Appkal  IN'  ()Rui N'A R V— Lords  Macnaghten^. Robertson,  Atkinson,  and  Collins. 

Coi'RT  OF  Appkals— ii'x-  Officio  Jndfjes,  The  Lord  High  Chancellor, the  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England, 
the  Master  of  the  Rolls,  and  the  President  of  the  Probate,  Divorce,  and  Admiralty  Division.  Master 
or  tfie  Rolls,  Sir  Herbert  Hardy  Cozens- Hardy.  Lords  Justices,  Sir  Roland  Vaughan  Williams, 
Sir  John  Fletcher  Moulton,  Sir  George  Farwell,  Sir  H.  Burton  Buckley,  Sir  Wm.  Ruun  Kennedy, 

High  Court  of  Justick,  Chaxckry  Divisios—President,  The  Lord  High  Chancellor.  Justices^ 
Sir  Arthur  Kekewich.  Sir  Matthew  Ingle  Joyce,  Sir  C.  Swiufen  Eady,  Sir  T.  Rolls  Warrington, 
Sir  Ralph  Neville,  Sir  Robert  John  Parker. 

HighCourt  of  Justick,  Kino's  Bench  Divisiox— Zoj-d  Chief  J^istice  of  England,  Lord  Alverstone. 
Justices,  Sir  William  Grantham,  .Sir  John  Compton  Lawrance.  Sir  Edward  Ridley,  sir  John  C. 
Bigham,  Sir  Charles  John  Darling,  Sir  Arthur  M.  Channel,  .Sir  Walter  Phiilimore,  Bart.,  Sir 
Thomas  T.  Bucknill,  Sir  Joseph  Walton,  Sir  Arthur  Richard  Jelf,  Sir  Reginald  More  Bray, Sir 
Alfred  T.  Lawrence,  Sir  Henry  Sutton,  Sir  William  Pickford,  Lord  Coleridge. 

High  Court  of  justice.  Probate,  Divorce,  and  Admiralty  Division— President,  Sir  Joha 
Gorell  Barnes.     Justice,  Sir  Henry  Bargrave  Deane. 

Court  of  Arches— J'ltdr/^,  Sir  Lewis  Tonna  Dibdin. 

Bankruptcy  Gou^T—Jmlge.  Sir  J.  C.  Bigham.    Registrars,  3 .  R.  Brougham,  H,  S.  GifTard,  John  E. 

'     Linklater,  Herbert  J.  Hope,  Henry  J.  Hood. 


This  and  the  following  pages  of  information  about  the  British  Empire  have  been  revised  for  Thb 
WoBLD  ALiiAJs^AC  for  1908  by  the  Editor  of  Whitaker's  Almanack,  Loudon. 


612 


The  British  Government, 


THE  BRITISH  (tOVERNMENT— C'o»//HHr'^. 


ARMY. 

COUNCIL. 
Secretary  of  State  for  War ^ Rt.  TTon.  R:B.Haldane.K.C.,M.  P. 


Chifr  of  the  Genn-al  Stqff'—tieu.  Hon.  Sir  N.  G. 
Lyttelton,  G.  C.  B. 

Adjutant- Geiieral-JAeut.-Qen.  SIrC.W.  H.  Doug- 
las;, K.  C.  B. 

Quartermaster- General— Geu.  SirW.G. Nicholson, 
K.  C.  B, 

FIELD  MARSHALS, 


Master- Gn^rra I  of  the  Ordnance— Ma\ 

Haddeii.  C.  B. 
Civil  Mf'in.bfr—VjUTl  of  Portsmouth. 
Finance  Mnnher—T .  R.  Hiiclianan. 
Secretary— (JoL  Sir  E.  W.  D.  Ward,  K.  C.  B. 


c;eu.  C.  F. 


Sir  Frederick  Paul  Haines,  Royal  Scots  Fusiliers. 
Viscount  Wolseley,  Colonel  Royal  Horse  Uuards 
Earl  Roberts.  V.  C. ,  Colonel  Irish  Ouanls. 
H.  M.  German  Emperor,  Col.  1st  (Royal)  Dragr. 

H. 


H.  R  H.  Prince  Christian  of 
Schleswis-Holstein. 

H.  R.  H.  Duke  of  Cumberland. 

Viscouut  Kitchener  of  Khar- 
toum, G.  C.  B.  , 

H.  R.  H.  Prince  of  Walfs.K.  G. 

Sir  F.  \V.  Forestier-Walker. 

C.  H.  Scafe. 


H.  R.  H.  Duke  of  Connaught,  Inspector-General 

Qf  the  Forces. 
Sir  Evelyn  Wood,  V.  C. 

Sir  Georpre  White,  V.Cv ,  Col. Gordon  Highlanders. 
I.  M.  Emperor  of  Austria- Hungary. 

GENERALS— ACTIVE  list. 
Lord  Grenfell,G.C.B. 
Sir  Edward  Stedman,  K.  C.  B. 


Jjord  Mothuen,  G.  C.B. 
H.  M.  King  of  Spain, 
(i.  F.  Pen  gel  ley. 
Sir  Archibald  Hunter,  K.  C.  B. 
Hon      Sir    Neville    Lyttelton, 
G.  C.  B. 


Sir  Alfred  Ga.selee.G. CLE. 
Cliristopher  S.  S.  Sagan,  R.  M. 

SirW'.  G.  Nicholson,  K.  C.  B. 
Sir  J.  D.  P.  Frencli. 
Sir  I.  S.  iL  Hamilton. 


NAVY. 

Lords  Commissioners  of  the  Admiral,ty.— i^iVsi  Lord,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Tweedmouth ;  Senior 
2^aval  Lord,  Admiral  of  the  Fleet,  Sir  .lohii  Fisher:  Second  Kaval  ioj-d.  Vice- Admiral  Sir  Wm. 
Henry  May.  K.  C.  B.  ;  T/iird  Naval  Lord  and  Cmitroher,  Rear- Admiral  Sir  H.  B.  Jackson,  K.  C. 
V.  O. ;    Junior  Naval  Lord.,  Rear-Admiral  A.  S.  Winstol ;  Cix'il  Lord,  George  Lambert. 

ADMIRALS  OK  THE  Fleist.  —Sir  James  Elphinstone  Erskine.Sir  Cl)aries  F.  Hot  ham,  Lord  Walter 
Talbot  Kerr,  Sir  Edward  Hobart  Seymour,  Sir  John  Fisher,  Sir  Arthur  K.  Wilson,  V.  C.  Honorary 
Admiral  of  the  Fleet.— 11.  I.  M.  William  II.,  German  Emperor. 

Admirals. —Sir  Harry  Rawson,  Sir  Robert  Hastings  Harris.  Hugo  Le-s^'is  Pearson,  Sir  Gerard 
Henry  Uctred  Noel,  Sir  Arthur  Dulrymple  Fanshawe,  SirD.  H.Bosanquet,  Sir  Lewis  A.  Beaumont, 
Lord  Charles  Beresford,  Sir  James  A.  T.Bruce,  H.  II.  H.,  The  Prince  of  W'ales,  Pelham  Aldrich, 
8winton  C.  Holland,  Sir  Arthur  W.Moore.  ILonorarii  Admirals— H..  IVf.  the  King  of  Portugal,  H. 
R.  H.  Prince  Henry  of  Prussia,  H.  M.  King  of  the  Hellenes,  H.  M.  King  of  Sweden,  H.  M.  King 
of  Norway. 

Vick-Admirat,s.  —  A.  K.  Bickford,  SirW.  A.  Dyke  Acland,  SirC.  C.  Drury,  E.  F.  JefTreys,  Sir 
R.  N.  Custance,  W.  H.  Henderson,  R.  W.  Craigie,  SirW.  H.  Fawkes,  SirO.L.  Atkinson- Wilh^s, 
Sir  W.H.May,  R.  F.  H.  Henderson,  Hon.  Sir  A.  G.  Curzon-Howe,  Angus  Maclieod.  sir  Edmund 
Samuel   Poe,  Art])ur  Charles  B.  Bromley,  John  Durnford.  Charles  J.  Barlow,  Hor..  Sir  Hedworth 


liambion.  Sir 
Robinson 


Francis  C.  B.  Bridgeman,  Sir  Richard  Poore,  B.  T.,  George  A.  Gillard,  Charles  CJ. 


Nore,  ..4(?;«,  Sir  Gerard  H.  U. 
Portsmouth,  Adm.  Sir  Day  H 


Noel,  K.  C.B. 
Bosanquet. 
G.  C.  V.O.,  K.  C.B. 
Plymouth,  Adm.  Sir  Lewis  A.  Beaumont, 

K.C.  B..  K.  CM.  G. 
Queenstown,  Ireland,  Rear- Adm.  George  F.  K  i  ng- 

Hall. 
Channel  Fleet,  ^dm.  Lord  Charles  Beresford. 

G.C.  V.  0.,K.C.B. 
BattleSquadron,  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Reginald  N.  Cus- 
tance, K.  C.  M.  G.  (Second  in  Command). 


flag-officers  IX  commission. 

First  Cruiser  Squadron,  i2ear-yl(Z/».  Sir  Percy  M. 

Scott,  K.C.  \' .(). 
Atlantic  Fleet,  Vice-Adm.  Hon.  Sir  Asseton   G. 

Cur/.on-Howe,  K.C.  B. 
Mediterranean,  Adm.  SirCharlesC.  Driouz. 

G.CV.O. 
N.  Am.  and  W.  Indies  and  Particular  Service 

Squadron,   Vice-Adm.  Frederick  S.  Inglelield. 
Eastern  Fleet,  Adm.  Hit  Arthur  W.  Moore, 

K.  C.B.,  K.  (;.  V.  O. 
iTud  S.  Poo, 


Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Edmc 


K.C.  V.O. 


THE  ESTABLISHED  CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND. 


EXGLISH  ARCHHISHOPS. 

T*)'ans.  I  Trans. 

1U03.  Ca/itej-biirj/,  Randall  T.  Davidson,  ?>.  1848.   11891.   To? ^-, William  Dalrj'mpleMaclagan, 6. 1826. 

ENGLISH  BISHOPS. 


App. 

IHOl.   ZoHfJon,  Arthur  Foley  W.  Ingram,  b.  1858. 
lyoi.   />a>7iu/;i,  Haudley  Carr  Glyn  Moule,  D.  D., 
I>.  1841. 

1903.  Winchester,  Herbert  Edward  Ryle,  b.  1856. 
18!)8.  Bannor,  W.  II.  Williams,  D.  D. .  ^.   184  >. 

1894.  Bath  and  WeUs,  G.  W.  Keimion,  b.  1846. 

1904.  Jiinningham,  Charles  Gore,  D.  D. ,  /*.  1853. 
1897.   Bristol,  George  Forrest  Browne,  6.  183:3. 

1904.  Oarli.Ue,  J.  W.  Diggle,  b.  1847. 
1888.   Chester,  Francis  John  Jayiie,  b.  1845. 
Cliicliester, 

1895.  FJ\i,   Frederick  Henry  Chase. 

1903.    Eretrr,  Archibald  Robertson,  b.  1853. 

1905.  Gloucester,  E.  C.  Sumner  Gibson,  b.  1848. 
1895.   Hereford,  John  Percival,  b.  1835. 

1891.   Lichfield,  Hon.  Ansrnstus  Legge,  b.  1839. 

lbS5.   LhicQln,  Edward  King,  b.  18'29. 

1900.  Liverpool^  Francis  James  Chavasse,*.  1846. 


App. 

1883.  LInndaff,  J.  P.  Hughes. 

1903.   Mancliesier,  Edward  A.  Knox,  b.  1854. 
1907.   Ncwmstle,  Norman  D.  J.  Stratou.  b.  1840. 
1893.   N<n-ivich,  John  Sheepshanks,  b.  1834. 
1901.   Oxford,  Francis  Paget,  b.  1851. 

1896.  Peterborounli ,  lloii.  Edwd.  CarrGlyn,').lS43. 

1884.  Ripon,  William  Boyd  Carpenter,  b.  1841. 
1905.   Ror/iester,  John  R.  Harmer,  b.  1857. 

1903.  St.  Albans,  Edgar  Jacob,  b.  1844. 

1889.  .SV.  A.taph,  Alfretl  George  Edwards, 6.  1848. 

1897.  SI..   David'.^,  John  Owen,  b.  1853. 

1885.  Salisburi/,  John  Wordsworth,  /'.  1843. 
1907.  S(Hlorand  Jl/aa, Tbos.  Wo rtley  Drury,  b.  1848 
1905.  Southwark,  E.  S.  Talbot,  b.  1844. 

1904.  SonthiveU,  Edward  Hoskvns,^>.  1861. 
1891.    Truro,  Charles  Wm.  Stubbs,  ^.  1845. 
1897.    Wakefield,  George  Rodney  Eden,  b.  1853. 
1901.    Worcester,^..  W.Yeatmau-Biggs.  b.  1845. 


The  British  Government. 


613 


THE  BRITISH  GOVP^HNMENT— Ow^nn^r*/. 
DIPUOMATIC    INTERCOURSE. 


CoL'NTKlES 


Arjjenline  lU'piiblic  . 
A  Asiiiii-  Hungary  — 

lit'lKiiiin   

Hiazil 

C'liile 

C'liiua 

Deumurk 

Kcuacidr   

Egypt 

France 

German  Empire 

G  reece 

GHatemala 

Italy  

Japan 

jNIexico 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Persia 

Peru 

Portugal 

Russia 

Servia 

8iam  

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Ir.rkey 

United  States 

Uruguay 


British   Rejiivseutatives  Abioail. 


Walter  B.   Townley Don  F.  L.  J)ominguez, 

r  W.  K.  (ioschen,  K.  C.  V.  O Count  Dietrii-hsteln. 


Ut.  Hon.  Sir 

Sir  A.   H.   Hardinge,K.  C.  B 

William  H.  J).  Haggard,  C.  B , 

Sir  Brooke  Bootliby 

SirJ.  N.  Jordan,  K.  C.  M.  G 

Hon.  Sir  Alan  Johnstone.  K.C.  V.O  .., 

William  Nelthorpe  Beauelerk 

SirEldon  Gorst,  K.C.B 

Rt.  Hon.  Sir  F.   L.  Bertie,  G.  C.  M.Q 

Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Frank  G.  Lascelles,  G.  C,  B... 

SirF.  E.  H.  Elliott,  G.  C.  V.  O 

L.  E.Gresley  Garden 

Rt.  Hon.  Sir  E.  H.  Egerton,  G.  C.  M.  G 

Sir  Claude  ^f.  Macdonald.  G.  C.  M.  G 

Reginald  Thomas  Tower 

Sir  Gerald  Augustus  Lowther,  K.C.M.G... 

Sir  Henrj' Howard,  K.  C.  M.  G. ,  C.  B 

Arthur  James  Herbert.  C.  V.  O 

Cecil  Arthur  Spring-Rice 

William  Nelthorpe  Beauclerk 

Hon.  Sir  Francis  Hyde  Villiers,  K.C.M.G.. 

Sir  Arthur  Nicholson,  Bart. ,  G.  C.  B 

James  B.  Whitehead 

Ralph  Paget,  C.  M.  G 

sirM.  W.  E.  de  Bunsen,  G.C.  V.  O 

Sir  Renuell  Rodd,  G.  C.  V.  O 

Sir  Geo.  F.  Bonham,  Bart . 

ra.  Hon.  Sir  Nicolas  R.  O'  Conor,G.  C.  B 

Rt.  Hon.  James  Bryce 

Robert  J.  Kennedy,  CM.  G , , 


Fiireitrn   Representatives  in   Kii(jlaiiil. 


Comte  de  halaing. 

Joaquin  A.  Nabuco  de  Aranjo 

Domingo  Garia. 

Wang  Ta-sieh. 

M.  F.  E.  de  Bille. 

Don  Celso  Nevares 

(None.) 

M.  Paul  Cambon. 

Count  P.  Wolti-Metteruich. 

M.  Metaxas. 

Senor  Machado. 

Marq.  di  San  Giuliano. 

Baron  Komara. 

General  Gallardo. 

(None.) 

Baron  Gericke  van  Herwijnen. 

Fridtjof  Nauseu. 

Don  Carlos  G.  Candamo. 

INIarquis  de  Soveral.  G.  C.  M.  G. 

Count  Benckendorti'. 

M.  Militcheviich. 

Phva  Paja  Nuprapraudh. 

Serior  Villa  Unutia. 

Count  H.  Wraugel. 

Gaston  Carlin.  *■ 

Mnsurus  Pacha. 

Whitelaw  Raid. 


COLONIAL    GOVERNORS. 


Commonwealth  of  Australia. —Lord  Northcote. 

G.  C.  I.  E. 
New  South  Wales. —Admiral  SirH.  H.  Raw.son, 

K.  C.  B. 
Victoria. -Gen.  Hon.  Sir  R.  A.  J.  Talbot. 
South  Australia.— Sir  George  R.  LeHunie. 
Queensland. —Lord  Chelmsford. 
West  Australia.— Admiral  SirF.  G.  D.  Bedford. 
Tasmania.— Sir  Gerald  Strickland. 
New  Zealand.  —Lord  Plunket. 
South  Africa. — Earl  of  Selborne,  Hhih  Corner. 
Cape  Colony.— Hon.  Sir  Walt.  F.  Helv-Hutchinson. 
Natal. -Lt. -Col.  Sir  Matthew  Nathan, K.C.M.G. 
Orange  Ri ver  Colony. —Sir  H.  J.  Goold- Adams, 

K  C  AI  C 
Malta".— Lt. '-Gen.  H.  F.  Grant,  C.  B. 
.  Canada.  —Earl  Gre^-. 
Newfoundland.— Sir  William  MacGregor. 
Jamaica.— Sir  Sydney  H.  Olivier,  K,  C.  M.G. 
Barbados. —Sir  G.  T.  Carter. 
Bahama,s.  —Sir  W.  Grey  WilsoB. 


Bermudas.— Lt.-Gen.JoscelineH.Wodehouse,C.B. 

Trinidad.— SirH.  M.  Jackson. 

British  Guiana. -Sir  F.  M.  Hodgson. 

Hong  Kong.  -Col.  Sir.  F.  J.  D.  Lugard,  K.  C.  M.  G. 

Ceylon.— Col.  Sir  Henry  E.McCallum,G.  C.  M.  G. 

Fiji.— Sir  Everard  F.  im  Thuru. 

Sierra  Leone.— Leslie  Prob.vn. 

Straits  Settlements. —Sir  J.  Andersen. 

Windward  Island.s.— R.  C.  Williams. 

Leeward  Islands.— Sir  E.  B.  Sweet- Escott. 

Falkland  Islands.  -William  L.  Allardyce. 

Mauritius.— Sir  C.  Bovle. 

Gold  Coast  Colony.— Sir  J.  P.  Rodger. 

British  Honduras.— Br.  -Gen.  E.  J.  E.  Swayne,  C  B. 

Lagos   and  Nigeria,  Southern.— Sir  Waller  Egei^ 

ton,  K.  C.  M.  G. 
Gambia(WestAfrica)-Sir  G.C. Denton, K.C.M.G. 

Nigeria,  Northern.- Lt.-CoLSir  Percy  Girowerd, 

British'East  Africa. -Lt.-Col.  J.  H.  Sadler,  C.  B. 
Uganda.— H.  H.  J.  Bell,  C.  M.  G. 


GOVERNMENT    OF    INDIA. 

Viceroy  and  Qwemor-Oenet'al The  Rt.  Hon.  Earl  of  Minto,  G.  M.  S.  L,  G.  M. 

Governor  of  Madrcu% Sir  .\rthur  T,awley,  (i.  C.  I. 

Governor  of  Bombay Col.  Sir  George  S  Clarke,  G.  C.  jM. 

Lieutenant-Governor  of  Bengal , , Hon.  Sir  A.  H.  L.  Fra.ser,  K.  C.  S. 

Givalior,  H.  V.  Cobb;  Lnfore.O.  V.  Bosanquet; 
Jaipur,  Lieut.-Col.  C.Herbert;  Uclaipur.L.ll.  A. 
Hill,  CLE. 


I.  R 
E. 
G. 
I. 


Rfx'retaries  to  the  Government  of  India. 

Legislative. —J.  M.  Macpherson,  C.  S.  I. 

Hume.— H.  H.  Risley,  C.  S.  I. 

Revenue  AND  Aorichlture.— J.  Wilson,  C.S.  I. 

Finance. —J.  S.  Meston. 

Foreign.— Sir  L.  W.  Dane,  K.  C.  I.  E. 

Army  Department.— Major-Gen.  A.W.  L.  Bayly, 
C.  B. 

Military  Supply.— Col.  E.  W.  IVfaconohy.D.S.  O. 

Commkrcean'dIxdustry.— W.  L.  Harvey ,C.i.K 

Public  Works.  — L.  M.  Jacob,  C.  S.  I. 

Agents  to  Governor- General :  Central  India.,  Maj. 
H.  Daly,  C.  S.  I. ;  Bajputann,  K.  G.  Colvin ;  Balu- 
chistan, Col.  Sir  A.  H.  McMahou,  K.  C.  S.  I.; 
Khorassan.  Major  P.  M.  Svkes. 

Residents:  Jfi/derabcul,  C.  C.  Bavley.C.S.T.;  3^«oj-e, 
S.  M.  Fraser,  C  I.  E.  ;  Cashmere,  Maj.Sir  F.  E. 
Youughusband,  K.  C.  I.  E.  ;  Baroda,  Lieut.  -Col. 
M.J.Meade;  iVeuai,  Major  J.  Mauners  Smith, 
CLE.,  V.C. 


Military  Establishment. 


Gen. 


Commander-tn-Chtep   in  India.- H    E. 

Visc(*int  Kitchener  of  Khartoum,  G.  C.  B. 
Chief  of  Staff,  Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  Beauchamp  DulT, 

Tv     C    B 
Adiufant-General,  ZSfajor-Gen.  A. R. Martin, C.B. 
Quarl^er master- General,  Mxijor-Gen.  A.  C.  Sclaier, 

C.B. 

GENERALS    Officers    Commanding    the 
Forces. 

Northern  Army.  —Gen.  Sir  A.Gaselee.G.C.I.E. 
SOLTWERV  Abmy.  — Gen.Sir  Archibald  Hunter, 
K.C.B. 


614 


The  Uritish  Parliament. 


STIjc  iJritis!)  iJaiiiamrnt, 


The  supreme  legislative  power  of  the  British  Empire  is,  by  its  coustitution,  vested  iu  Parliament. 
This  body  cousists  of  two  houses,  the  Lords  and  the  Commous. 

THE    HOUSE    OF    LORDS. 

The  House  of  Lords  is  composed  of  the  whole  Peerage  of  England  and  of  the  United  Kingdom,  And 
of  certain  representatives  of  tJie  peerages  of  Scotland  and  Ireland,  but  many  members  of  these  latter 
have  also  English  titles  which  give  tliem  seats  in  the  House.  The  Duke  of  Buccleuch  sits  as  Earl  of 
Donca-ster,  and  the  Duke  of  Leinster  as  Viscount  Leinster.  The  House  at  present  consists  of  3 
Princes  of  the  Blood,  2  Archbishops,  22  Dukes,  23  Marquises,  124  Earls,  40  Viscounts,  24  Bishops, 
335  Barons,  16  Scottish  Jlepreseniative  Peers  elected  for  each  Parliament,  and  28  Irish  Kepre- 
seutative  Peei-s  elected  for  life— in  all,  617  members. 

The  Liord  Chancellor  of  England  is  always  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Lords. 

A  TABLE  OF  BRITISH  DUKES. 


9 

o 

u 
G 


Title. 


18(i8|  Abercorn* 


1881  Albauyt. 


1701  Argj'll 


I703|Athont 

1682  Beaufort 

1694  Bedford 

1673,  Buccleuch&(  1684) 
QueeusberryJ.  .. 


1874 
l;i37 

1799 
1694 

18891 
1675! 
1643 

1694 
1766 
1719 
17021 
17071 
1766 

1438 
1766 
1716 
1675 


1707! 
17031 
1684 

15471 
1833 
1814 
1874' 


'Counaughtt 

Cornwall  k  (1892) 

Yorkt 

Cumberlandt 

Devonshire 

Fife 

Grafton 

Hamilton  i      and 

Brandon 

Leeds 

fjeinster* 

Manchester 

Marlborough 

Montroset 

Newcastle 


Norfolk 

Nortliumberland 

Portland 

Richmond&(1876) 
Gordon  &  (1675) 
Lennoxt  

Roxburghet  — 

Rutland 

St.    Albans 

Somerset 

Sutherland 

Wellington 

Westminster  . .. 


Name. 


James  Hamilton, 2nd  Duke. 


H.R.H.  Leopold,  2ud  Duke  (0 

Sutherland   Campbell,  9th 


John    Douglas 

Duke  (A-  i 

John  J.  H.  II.  Stewart-Murrav,  7th  Duke 
ri.  A.  W.Fitzroy  Somerset,  9th  Duke... 
Herbrand  Arthur  Russell,  11th  Duke 


a 

u 
o 


1838 


■a 

a; 
a> 
o 
o 

3 

1885 


1884  1884 


18451900 
1840  1864 
1847  1899 
1858,1893 


Wm.    H.    W.   Montagu-Douglas-Scott,  6th 

Duke  (o) il831 

H.  R.  H.  Arthur  William  Patrick,  1st  Duke  1850 


1884 


H.  R.  H.  George.  Prince  of  Wales 1865 

H.  R.  H.  Ernest  Augustus,  3rd  Duke  (^)... .  1845  1878 

SpencerC.  Cavendish,  8th  Duke 18331891 

Alex.  William  George  Dutf,  1st  Duke  (r).. .  .|1849 
Aug.  Charles  Lennox  Fitzroy,  7th  Duke  (t/j|1821|l882 

Alfred  D.  Douglas-Hamilton,  13th  Duke. . . . 

George  Godolphin  Osborne,  10th  Duke 

Maurice  Fitzgerald,  6th  Duke  (minor) 

William  Augustus  Drogo  Montagu  {e)  

Chas.  R.  J.  Spencer-Churchill,  9th  Duke  (/) 

Douglas  B.  M.  R.  Graham,  5th   Duke 

Henry  P.  A.  Pelham-CIiuton,  7th  Duke... 


Henry  Fitzalan  Howard,  15th  Duke  (//).. . 

Henry  George  Percy,  7th  Duke 

W.  J.  A.  Cavendish-Beutiuck,  6lh  Duke  . 


Charles  H.  Gordon- Lennox,  7th  Duke(7i).. 

Henr3'  John  Inne.s-Ker,  8th  iHike  (m) 

Henry  John  Brinsley  Manners,  8th  Duke.. 
CharlesV.de  Vere  Beauclerk,  11th  Duke  (i)- 

Algernon  St.  Maur,  15th   Duke 

Crom.  Sutherland- L-eveson-Gower, 4th  Duke 
Arthur  Charles  Wellesley,  4th  Duke  O) 


18621895 
1862  1895 
188711893 
187711892 
1871:1892 
185211874 
1864J1879 

184711860 
1846  1899 
1857il879 


184.5'1903 
1876:1892 
1852  1906 
18701898 
184611894 
18511892 
1849[l900 
Hugh  Richard  Arthur  (irosvenor,  2nd  Duke  1879  1899 


Heir  to  Title. 


Marq.     of    Hamilton 

M.  P.,  s. 
II.  R.  H. Prince  Johanu 

of  Saxe-Coburg,  s. 

Lord  A.  Campbell,  b. 
^farq.   Tullibardine,  s. 
Marq.  of  Worcester,  s. 
Marq.  of  Tavistock,  s. 


Earl  of  Dalkeith,  s. 
Prince  Arthui",  s. 

Prince  Edward,  s. 
Earl  of  A  rmagh,  s. 
Victor  Cavendish,  n. 
Lady  Alex.  DuH',  d. 
Earl  of  Eustou,  s. 

Percy  D.  Hamilton,  c. 
Marq.ofCarmarthen.s. 
Lord  1).  Fitzgerald,  b. 
Viscount  Mandeville,s. 
Marq.  of  Blandford,  s. 
Marq.  ofGraliani,  s. 
Lord  H.  Pelham-Clin- 

ton-Hope,  b. 
Earl  Arundel  &  S. ,  s. 
Earl  Pero}'.  M.  P. .  s. 
Marq.  of  Titch field,  s. 


Earl  of  March,  s. 
Lord  A.  R.  Innes- Ker,b. 
Marq.  of  Granby,  s. 
LdOsborneBeauclerk,b 
Lord  Ernest  St.Maur.b. 
Marq.  of  Stattbrd,  .s. 
Murq.  of  Douro,  s. 
Lord  A.  Grosvenor,  u. 


s,  son;  b,  brother;  c,  cousin;  n,  nephew;  u,  uncle, 

*  Irish  Dukes,  t  Royal  Dukes,  t  Scottish  Dukes,  (a)  Eighth  Duke  of  Queensberry,  descendant  of 
the  Duke  of  Monmoutli,  son  of  King  Charles  If.  (h)  Son  of  KingCieorge  V. ,  of  Hanover,  (r)  Husband 
of  the  Princess  Louise,  eldest  daugluer  of  the  Prince  of  Wales.  (</)  De;scendant  of  Henry  Fitzroy,  first 
Dnke,  son  of  King  Charles  II.  and  Barbara  Villiers.  (e)  His  mother  was  Miss  Yznaga,  of  New  York. 
His  wife  (whom  lie  married  November  14,  1900)  was  IMiss  Helena  Zimmerman,  of  Cincinnati,  (Jliio. 
(/)  His  wife  was  Miss  Consuelo  Vanderbilt,  daughter  of  William  K.  Vauderbilt,  of  New  York,  (p) 
Premier  Duke.  (A)  Descendant  of  Charles  Lennox,  first  Duke,  son  of  King  Charles  II.  and  I>ouise- 
Renee  de  Queronaille.s.  (t)  Descendant  of  Charles  BeauclerK,  first  Duke,  son  of  King  Charles 
11.  and  Nell(Twynne.  (.7)  Grandson  of  the  great  Duke  of  Wellington,  the  victor  of  Waterloo.  (A:) 
Husband  of  Princess  Louise,  si.xth  child  of  Queen  Victoria,  (0  Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.  (m)  His 
wife  (1903)  was  Miss  Goelet,  of  New  York. 


THE    HOUSE    OF    COMMONS. 

The  present  House  of  Commons  consists  of  670  members —465  for  England,  30  for  Wales,  72  for 
Scotland,  and  103  for  Ireland. 

The  division  of  parties  in  the  House  of  Commons,  returned  in  the  general  elections  of  January  and 
February,  1906,  was  as  follows:  Conservatives  and  Liberal-Uiiionists,158;  Liberals,  387;  Nationalists, 
84,  and  41  Independent  Labor  members;  tlie  ministerial  majority  being 354. 

The  Speaker  of  the  House  is  the  Rt.  HoSl  James  William  Lowther,  M.  P.  for  Penrith. 


Population  of  London. 


615 


J^opulation  of  (JSreat  JJritain  antr  Krelantr, 

Cknsus  of  19C1 
ENGLAND. 


Counties. 

Population. 

Counties. 

ropnlation. 

Counties. 

Population. 

Counties. 

Population. 

Bedford 

171,249 
254,931 
195,5:34 
190,687 
814,555 
322,957 
266,921 
620,196 
660 ,444 1 
202,962 
1,187,324 

Kssex         

1,085,576 
6:34,666 
798,756 
114,401 
250,530 
57,773 

1,351,849 

4,406,787 
4:33,994 
498,781 

3,585,1:39 

Monmouth  — 

Norfolk 

Northampton . 
Northumber- 
land  

Nottingham. . . 
Oxford. 

292,327 
460,040 
338,064 

602,859 
514,537 
182,768 
19,708 
2:39,;321 
508,104 
1,234,382 

SufTolk 

384,198 

Berks 

Bucks 

Gloucester 

Hampshire 

Hereford 

Hertford 

i  Huntingdon. .. 
Kent 

Surrey 

Sussex 

Warwick 

Westmoreland 

Wiltshire 

Worcester.  

York 

2,008,923 
605,052 

Cambridge  — 

Chester 

Cornwall 

Ciunberlaiid. . . 

897,678 
64,:30o 

273,845 
488,401 

Derby 

Devon  

Lancaster 

lipicester 

Lincoln  

Middle.sex 

Rutland 

Shropshire 

Somerset 

Stafford 

3,685,122 

Total 

Dorset 

30,805,466 

Durham 

SCOTLAND. 


Aberdeen 

Argyll 

Ayr  

Banff 

Berwick 

Bute 

Caithness 

Clackmannan. 

Dumbarton 

Dumfries 


303,889' 
73.166, 

254,133 
61,4;i9 
30,785 
18,659 
33,619 
31,991 

113,660 
72,562 


Edinburgh 

Elgin 

Fife 

Forfar 

Haddington . . . 

Inverness 

Kincardine  .  . . 

Kinross 

Kirkcudbright 
r^anark 


437,5531 

44,7571 

218,350' 

283,729! 

38,653  { 

89,901 ! 

40 ,891 1 

6,980j 

39,359! 

1,337,8481 


Linlithgow 

Nairn 

Orkney 

Peebles  

Perth 

Renfrew 

Ross  and  Cro- 
marty  

Roxburgh 


64,787 

9,291 

27,723 

15,066 

123,255 

268,418 

76,149 
48,793^ 


Selkirk 

Shetland 

Stirling 

Sutherland 

Wigtown. k 

Shipping  popu- 
lation  


Total . 


23,339 
27,755 
141,894 
21,:{89 
32,591 

9,583 


4,471,957 


WALES. 

Anglesey 

50,590   Carnai-von 

59,906    Denbigh 

60,2371  Flint 

"126,385  llVrprinnpth 

49,130 

Radnor 

. . .  i        23.263 

129,935 

81,727 

860,022 

Montgomery . . 
Pembroke 

54,892 

88,749 

Total 

Cardigan 

. . .     1,720,609 

Carmarthen.  . . 

13i,325l  Glamorgan 

1 

Lkinster. 

Carlow 

Dublin 

Kildare 

Kilkeimy.... 

King's 

Longford  .... 

Louth 

]\[eath 

Queen's 


37.723 
447,266 
63,469 
78,821 
60,129 
46,581 
65,741 
67,463 
57,226 


Westmeath.. 

W^exford 

Wicklow 

MUNSTER. 

Clare 

Cork 

Kerry 

Limerick  .... 
Tipperary  . . . 
Waterf ord . . . 


IRELAND. 

61,527 

103,860 

60,679 


112,129 

404,813 
165.3.31 
146,018 
159,754 
87,0.30 


Ulster. 

Antrim 

Armagh 

Cavan. 

Donegal 

Down 

Fermanagh.. . 
I  Londonderry. 
Monaghan. ... 
Tyrone 


461,240 
125,238 

97,368 
173,625 
289,335 

65,243 
144.329 

74,-505 
150,468 


CONNAUGHT. 

(^ahvay 

Leitrim 

iNIayo 

Roscommon.  . 
Sligo 


Total. 


192.146 

69,201 
202.627 
101,639 

84,022 

4,456,546 


1901 


The  population  returns  are  from  the  official  census  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  taken  in  INfarch. 
>1.     The  total  population,  excluding  army,  navy,  and  merchant  seamen  abroad,  is  41,454,578. 


Ws^z  iKitg  of  ILoutron* 


Kt. 


Aid.  Shff.MoAjor 
1894    1901      1907 


Lm'd  Mayorr. 
Sir  John  Charles  Bell. 

Sir  .John  Whittaker  Ellis,  Bart 1872  1874 

Sir  Henry  Edmund  Knight,  Kt. . .  1874  1875 

Sir  Joseph  Savory,  Bart 1883  1882 

SirWalter  Henry  Wilkin,K.C.M.G.  1888  1894 
Sir  George  Faudel  Faudel-Phillips, 

Bart.,G.C.LE 1888  1884     1896 


1881 
1882 
1890 
1895 


A  idermen. 

Col.  Sir  H.  D.  Davies,  K.C.M.G.. . 
Sir  Alfred  James  Newton,  Bart.. 

Sir  Marcus  Samuel,  Bart 

Sir  James  Thomson  Ritchie, Bart. 

Sir  John  Pound,  Bart 

SirWalter  Vaughan  Morgan, Bart 
Sir  William  Purdie  Treloar,  Bart. 


AM. 

1889 
1890 
18S1 
1891 
1892 
1892 
1892 


S/ijr.  Mayor 

1887  185^7 

1888  1899 
1894      1902 


1896 
1895 
1900 
1899 


191)3 
1904 
1905 
1906 


All  the  above  have  passed  the  Civic  Chair. 


Sir  George  Wyatt  Truscott,  Kt.,..  1895 

Frederick  Prat  Alliston 1895 

Sir  .lohn  C,  Knill,  Bart 1897 

Sir  Thomas  Vesey  Strong,  Kt 1897 

Sir  Henrv  George  Smallman,  Kt. .  1898 
Sir  Thomas  Boor  Crosby.  Kt.,M.D.  1898 


1902  ....  f  David  Burnett 

1898      ....     W.C.Simmons 

1903      AV^  Murray  Guthrie 

1904      Francis  Stanhope  Hanson 

1905      FrancisHowse 

1906  ....     Sir  T.  Vansittart  Bowater,  Kt. 
( V"acaiicy) 

The  Lord  Mayor  has  an  annual  salary  of  £10.000,  or  S50.000. 


1902  1907 

1903  .... 
1903  .... 

1905  .  .. 

1906  .... 

1907  1906 
1907 


i^offulatiou  of  ILontrou^ 


London  Within  Various  Boundaries. 


Within  the  Registrar-General" s  Tables  of  Mortality 

Within  the  Limits  of  the  County  of  London 

London  School  Board   District 

City  of  r..ondon  within  Municipal  and  Parliamentary  Limits. 
Metropolitan  Parliamentary  Boroughs  (including  the  City).. 
Metropolitan  and  City  Police  Districts 


Area  in 

Statute 

Acres. 


74.672.; 
( 
671 
75,442 
443,421 


Population. 


1881. 


3.815,544 
3,8:54,194 
3,834,194 
50,658 
3,834,194 
4,766,661 


1891. 


■  4,228,317 

37,705 
4,232,118 
5,633,806 


1901. 


4,536,063 

26,897 
4,542,725 
6,580,616 


616 


The  French   Gcwernnient. 


(For  the  Ministr}%  see  page  602) 
POLITICAL  DIVISIONS  IN  THE  KEICHSTAG. 


Partibs. 


Germau  Couseivatives 44... 

Centre  (Clericals) 

Poles 

National  Liberals.., 

Social  Democrats 

Alsatian  (meaning'  Antl-Oerman) 
Independent  (unclassified) 


Number  of 
Members. 


54 
102 
18 
51 
79 
9 
13 


Partiks. 


Free  Conservai  i ves 

Radicals 

South  German  Radicals 

Anti-.Seinites 

Agrarians 

Total 


Number  of 
Members. 


18 

30 

6 

10 

7 


397 


The  largest  group,  the  Clericals  or  Centre,  represents  mainly  the  Rhine  districts  and  South  Ger- 
many. The  Conservatives,  though  sometimes  in  opposition,  especially  on  agrarian  questions,  are 
regarded  as  the  ministerial  party,  and  with  them  are  allied  the  National  Liberals  and  some  smaller 
groups,  insuring  the  Government  a  majority. 

THE  ARMY. 

The  Commander-in-Chief  is  the  Emperor. 

Field- Mar^fial-Oeiierals—'Q&von  vou  Loe,  von  Hahnke,  Prince  Leopold  of  Bavaria,  Coutit  von 
Haeseler. 

General  Staf,  Chief— Qeneral  von  Moltke. 

Corps  Commanders— First  Corps,,  Eastern  Prussia,  Konigsberg,  General  Baron  von  der  Goltz; 
Second  Corps.  Pomerania,  Stettin,  Lieutenant- General  von  Heeringen;  Tfiird  Corj^s,  Berlin, 
vacant;  Foiirlh  Corps,  Magdebursr,  General  von  Beneckendorlf  u.  vou  Hindenburg;i^/TWi  Chrps,  Posen, 
General  Kluck;  Sixth  Onrps,  Breslau,  General  von  Woyrsch  ;  Seventh  Cori^s,  Minister,  General 
Baron  vou  Bissing;  Eighth  Corps,  Coblenz,  General  von  Ploetz;  Ninth  Corps,  Altona,  Lieutenant- 
General  von  Bock  nnd  Polach;  2^nfh  Corps,  Hanover,  General  von  Stuuzner;  Eleventh  Corps, 
Cassel,  General  Duke  Albert  von  Wurttemberg;  Twelfth  Ooi-jis,  Dresden,  General  von  Broizeni; 
Thirteenth  Corps,  Stuttgart,  General  von  Hugo;  Fourteenth  CbJ7>«,  Carlsruhe,  G^ieral  von  Bock  uiid 
Polach;  Fifteenth  Corps,  Strassburg,  General  Ritter  Hentschel  von  Gilgenheimb;  Sixteenth  Corps, 
Metz,  General  von  Prittevitz  und  Gaffron;  Seventeenth  fti/7).'!,  Dantzic,  General  vou  Braunschweig; 
Eighteenth  Corps,  Frankfort-on-Main,  General  vou  Eichhorn;  Nineteenth  Corps,  Leipsic,  General 
Count  Bitzthumvon  Kokstadt  ;  First  Bamrian  Army  Corps,  Munich,  General  Prince  Rupprecht  of 
Bavaria;  Second  Bavarian  Army  Corps,  Wiirzburg,  General  Reiclilin  von  Meldegg;  Third  Bavarian, 
General  Baron  vou  Tanu-Rathsamhausen.     Chmmander  of  the  (?i«trd«— General  von  SesseL 


^8^  iFrencfj  <25robcrnnient 

(For  the  Ministry,  see  page  602. ) 
President Armand  Pallieres. 

The  annual  allowance  to  the  President  of  the  Republic  is  600,000  francs,  with  a  further  allowance 
of  600,000  francs  for  his  expenses. 

NATIONAL  ASSEMBLY. 

Senate. —P?'esitZe?i<,  Antonin  Dubost;  Vice-Presidents,  MM.  Guerin,  Leydet,  Monis,  Lourties; 
Secretary- General,  M.  Dupre. 

Chamber  op  Deputies. —i^'es/deji/,  M.  Henri  Brisson;  Vice-Presidents,  Ml^l.  Etienue  Berteau.x, 
Rabier,  Cruppi;  Secretary- General,  M.  Launoy. 

The  number  of  Senators  is  300,  and  they  are  at  present  politically  divided  into  about  270  Republi- 
cans and  30  representatives  of  the  various  shades  of  the  opposition. 

The  Deputies  number  591,  and  are  divided  Into  the  following  groups:  246  Radicals,  allied  to  the 
"Socialist- Radical"  group;  79  Advanced  Republicans,  8  Dissident  Radicals,  23  Independent 
Socialists,  53  United  Socialists,  64  Progressists  (Moderate  Republicans),  118  Members  of  Composite 
Opposition  ("Right";  they  include  Royalists,  Bonapartists,  members  of  the  "Liberal  Action 
Party  ' '  and  23  ' '  Nationalists. ' ' ) 

THE  ARMY. 

Supreme  Commander— Genersl  deLacroix.  Conseil  Superieur  de  la  Guerre,  Generals  Duchesne, 
Voyron,  Dodds,  Miclial,  Burnez,  Ceigne,  Desbordes,  de  Lacroix,  Davignon. 

Military  Governor  of  Pa?-is— General  Dalsteiu. 

Commanders  of  Corps  d'  Armee— First  On-jis,  Lille,  General  Davignon ; -SlPco?id  0>rps,  Amiens,  Gen- 
eral Debatisse;  f7iird  Coi-ps,  Rouen,  General  de  Torcy;  Fourth  Corjjs,  LeMans,  General  Oiidri;  Fifth 
Onps,  Orleans,  General  Millet;  Sixth  Corps,  Chalons-sur-Marne,  General  Duraiid;  Seventh  Corps, 
Besan^on,  General  Robert;  Eighth  Corps,  Bourges,  General  Plagnol;  Ninth  Corps,  Tours,  General 
Tremeau;  Tenth  Corps,  Rennes,  General  Passe rie u ;  ^tei;e?i//i  Corps,  Nantes,  General  Peloux;  Twelfth 
Corps,  Limoges,  General  Tournier;  Ttiirteenth  Corps,  Clermont-Ferrand,  General  Duraiid;  Four- 
teenth Corps,  Lyons,  General  Gallieni;  Fifteenth  Corps,  Marseilles,  General  Mathis;  Sixteenth  Corps, 
Montpellier,  General  Marion;  Seventeenth  Corps,  Toulouse,  General  Rouvray;  Eighteenth  Corps,  Bord- 
eaux, (ieneral  Oudard;  Nineteenth  Cn-ps,  Algiers,  General  Bailloud;  Twentieth  Cf>rps,  Nancy,  Gen- 
eral Pau;  Commander- Geiverai  of  Colonial  Corps  d'Armee,  General  Archinard  (Paris). 

THE  NAVY. 

Oommnnders  of  Squadrons  and  Divisions  of  S(/Hndrons.—&qua.dTonH  of  the  Western  ;^^editerranean 
and  Lf'vant,  Vice-Admiral  Germinet  (flagship  Suffren),  Commander-in-Chief ;  Northern  Squadron, 
"Vice- Admiral  Jaiireguiberry  (flagship  Massena),  Commander-in-Chief;  Squadron  of  Extreme  <  )rient, 
Vice-Admiral  Boisse  (flagship  Montcalm).  Commander-in-Chief;  Naval  Division  of  the  Atlantic, 
Rear- Admiral  Thierry  (flagship  Kleber) ;  Naval  Division  of  the  Pacific,  Captain  Buchurd;  Naval 
Division  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  Commander  Ldrmler. 


The  Austrian-Hungarian  Government.^  617 


K\)t  Russian  (K^obtnimcut* 

(For  the  Ministry,  see  page  602. ) 
COUNCIL     OP     THE    EMPIRE. 

President. , His  Imperial  Highness  the  Grand  Duke  Michael  NicolaSvitch. 

THE  ARMY. 
The  Commander-in-Chief  Is  the  Emperor.  -^     ,      ^        . 

V  Commanders  of  Military  Coiiscriptiom— First  Conscription,  St.  Petersburg,  H.  I.  H.  the  Grand 
Duke  Nicholas  Ale.xandrovitch.  Second  Conscription,  Finland,  Adjutant- General  GouLscliarow. 
Third  Ojiiscripfion,  Vilua,  General  Schteritsch.  Hmrth  Conscription,  Poland,  General  SkiOou.  Fi.rth 
Conscription,  Kiew,  General  Suchomlinow.  Sixth  Co)iscr ipt ion,  OdesHa.,  General  Kaulbars.  Seventh 
Omscription.  Moscow, G.  M.  Horschelmann.  Eighth  Conscription^ Ka.za.n,(ieneni\  of  Infantry-  Kossitsch. 
Kinth  Conscripti07i,  Caucasus,  General  of  Infantry  Prince  Woronzow-Daschkow.  Tenth  Cunscription, 
Turkestan,  Lieutenant-General  Tewjaschow.  Eleventh  Conscription,  Western  Siberia,  General  of 
Cavalry,  Lieutenant-General  Kutaissovv.  Tivelfth  Conscription,  Amoor,  General  Lomstschewsky. 
The  Cossacks  are  not  here  included;  they  have  a  separate  military  organization. 

The  above  were  the  army  corps  commanders  prior  to  the  present  (January,  1907)  msurrectiouary 
movement.    Nothing  definite  relative  to  changes  is  known  at  this  time. 

THE  NAVY. 
Co minaiider- in-Chief,  Vice- Admiral  Birilew. 


K\)t  Ktalfan  ^obtrnmrnt* 

(For  the  Ministry,  see  page  602. ) 

PARLIAMENT. 

President  of  the  (Seriate— Signer  Canouico.    President  of  the  Cha7nber  of  DeputiesSignoi  BlancherL 

•  THE  ARMY. 

Chief  of  Staff— General  Saletta. 
0)7'ps  Cojnmanaers— Turin,  Lieutenant-General  Pedotti;  Alessandria,  Lieutenant-General  Riva 
Palazzi;  Milan,  Lieutenant-General  ]Mainonl;  Genoa,  Lieutenant-General  Del  Mayno;  Verona, 
Lieutenant-General  Gobbo;  Bologna,  Lieutenant-General  Ponza  di  S.  Martino;  Ancona,  Lieutenant- 
General  Pistoia;  Florence,  Lieutenant-General  Baldissera;  Rome,  Lieutenant-General  Fecia  di 
Cossato;  Naples,  Lieutenant-General  Dukeof  Aosta;  Bari,  Lieutenant-General  Lamberti;  Palermo, 
Lieutenant-General  Mazza. 

COMMANDERS  OF  MILITARY  DIVISIONS. 
1.  Turin,  Lieutenant-General  Ponzadi  San  Martino;  2.  Novara, Lieutenant-General  Valcamonica; 
3.  Alessandria,  Lieutenant-General  Glrola;  4.  Cuneo,  Lieutenant-General  Radicati;  5.  Milan,  Lieu- 
tenant-General Avogadro;  6.  Brescia,  Lieutenant-General  Constantini;  7.  Piacenza,  Lieutenant- 
General  Lazari;  8.  Genoa,  Lieutenant-General  Vigano;  9.  Verona,  Lieutenant-General  Bisesti;  10. 
Padua,  Lieutenant-General  Incisa;  11.  Bologna,  Lieutenant-General  Asinari ;  12.  Ravenna,  Lieu- 
tenant-General Brusati;  13.  Ancona,  Lieutenant-General  Cadorna;  14.  Chieti,  Lieutenant-General 
SapellidiCapriglio;  15.  Florence,  Lieutenant-General  Delia  Noce;  16.  Livoruo,  Lieutenant-General 
Goiran;  17.  Rome.Lieutenant-General  Mazzitelli;  18.  Perugia,  Lieutenant-General  Moni;  19.  Naples, 
Lieutenant-General  Tarditi;  20.  Salerno,  Lieutenant-General  Oanera;  21.  Bari,  Lieutenant-General 
Vacquer-Paderi ;  22.  Catanzaro,  Lieutenant-General  Gastinelli;  23.  Palermo,  Lieutenant-General  di 
Boccard;  24.  Messina,  Lieutenant-General  Vicino-Pallavicino;  25.  Caglairi,  Lieutenant-General 
Bertoldo. 

THE  NAVY. 

Admiral—'K.  B,  H.  Prince  Thomas,  Duke  of  Genoa.     Oomnmnders  of  Squadrons— Active^  Vice- 
Admiral  Morin;  Instruction,  Rear- Admiral  Grenet. 

^Ije  .^tt!3trian^|]^un0arian  <25rObctnmntt. 

(For  the  Ministry,  see  page  602. ) 
THE  AUSTRIAN  REICHSRATH. 

President  or  the  Hoxoie  of   Zartfx— Prince  Alfred  Windisehgrfitz.      Vice- P-esidmts—Vr'mcQ   Karl 
Auensperg  and  Prince  Schoenburg.    President  of  the  House  of  Deputies— Jiv.  Richard  Weiskirchner. 

THE  HUNGARIAN  REICHSTAG. 

P-esident  of  the  House  of  MagncUes—Connt  Albin  Csaky.      P-esident  of  the  House  of  Bepresentatives— 
Dr.  Julius  V.  Justh. 

THE  ARMY. 
The  Commander-in-Chief  is  the  Emperor. 
Corps  Commanders— First  Corps,  Cracow,  F.  Z.  M. ,  Moritz  von  Stelnsberg;  fecond  Cfoj-ps,  Vienna, 

F.  Z.  M,  Ferd.   Fiedler;   Third  Corps,  Graz,  F.  M.  L. ,  Oskar  Potiorek;  Fourth  Corps,  Buda-Pesth, 

G.  d.  C,  Count  UxkCill-Gylleuband;  Fifth  Corps,  Presburg,  F.  Z.  M. ,  Baron  von  Steininger;  Sixth 
Corps,  Kaschau,  F.  Z.  M„  Johann  Mork  von  Morkenstein;  Seventh  Corps,  Temesvar,  F,  M.  L. , 
Schwitzer  von  Bayersheim;  Eighth  0>/7J,<t,  Prague,  F.  M.  L. ,  Hubert  Baron  Czibulka;  Xinth  Corps, 
Josefstadt,  F.  Z.  M.,  Albert  von'Koller;  Tenth  Corps,  Przemysl,  F.  Z.  M. ,  Arthur  von  Pino;  Eleventh 
Crjrps,  Lemberg,  F.  M.  L.,  Count  Karl  Auersperg;  Tivelfth  Corps,  Hermannstadt,  G.  d.  C,  Josef 
von  Gauderuak ;  Thirteenth  Corps,  Agram,  F.  M.  L. ,  Raimund  Gerber ;  Fourteenth  Om-ps,  Innsbruck, 
G.  d.  C,  Archduke  Eugene;  Fifteenth  Cfjrps,  Sarajewo,  F.  M.  L. ,  Anton  Edlerv.  Winzor.  Dalmatia, 
Zara,  F.  M.  L. ,  Marian  Vareschanin  von  Vares.  Jnspectcrr- General  of  Cavalry— G.  d.  C. ,  von  Bruder- 
niaun.  Inspector  of  Artillery— Y.  Z.  M. ,  Archduke  Leopold  Salvator.  Inspector  of  Engineering — 
F.  Z.  M.,  Count  Geldern-Egmont.  Inspector  of  Military  Instruction— ¥ .  M.  L.  Siesrler  von  Ebers- 
wald.  Inspectors- General  of  Trocjps—l,  F.  Z.  M. ,  JEugen  Baron  Albori ;  (II. ) Count  Uxkiill-Gylleuband ; 
(III.)  F.  Z.  M. ,  Anton  Galgotzy. 

Note— G.  d.  C,  General  of  Cavalry;  F.  M.  L.,  Field  Marshal  Lieutenant;  F.  Z.  M..   Feldzeug- 
meister. 


618 


Dominion  of  Canada. 


13ominion  of  i^anatra* 

Governor- (?e«€raZ  (Salary,  $50,0O0) Earl  Grey. 

Ministry. 
The  salary  of  each  member  of  the  Dominion  Cabinet  holding  a  portfolio  is  $7, 000  per  annum, 
except  the  Premier,  who  receives  SI"2,()00.     The  leader  of  tlie  Opposition,  Mr.  R.  L.  Borden, 
receives  §7, 000.     Tlie  present  ministry  was  sworn  into  office  July  11, 1896.     It  is  liberal  in 
politics. 


\Poslmaster- Oeneral—'H.on.  Rodolphe  Lemieiix. 
\ Minister  of  Agriculture— YLon.  Sydney  A.  Fisher. 
\Minisier  of  Public  Works— Yion.  William  Puursley 
\  Minister  of  Finance— lion.  Williuiu  s.  Fielding. 

Minister  of  Hallways  and  Ca/uUs— Hon.  George  P. 
(Traham. 

Jfinister  of  the  Iyite7'ior— Hon.  Frank  Oliver. 

Minister  of  Customs— Hon.  William  Paterson. 

Minister  of  Inland  Hevenue— Hon.  W.  Templeman. 


Pi-emier  and  Pi-esident  of  the   Privy   Council— "Rl. 
Hon.  Sir  Wilfred  Laurier,  G.  C.  M.  Q. 

Secretary  of  State— Hon.  Richard  W.  Scott  (Sen- 
ator). 

Minister  of  Trade    and    Commerce— Ri.   Hon.  Sir 
Richard  Cartwrigrht,  G.  C.  M.  G. 

Minister  of  Justice— Hon.  A.  B.  Aylesworth.  K.  C. 

Minister  of  Marine  and  Fisfieries — Hon.    Louis   P. 
Brodeur. 

Minister   of  Militia  and  Defence— Hon.  Sir  Fred. 
W.  Borden,  K.  C.  M.  G. 

The  Senate  (Dominion  Parliament)  is  composed  of  87  members,  Hon.  Raoul  Dandurand, 
Speaker,  whose  salary  is  $i  1,000.  Each  Senator  receives  a  sessional  indemnity  of  §2,500  and 
mileage.  The  Houseof  Commons  is  composed  of  214  members,  Hon.  Robert  Franklin  Suther- 
land, Speaker,  whose  salary  is  $1,000.  Each  member  of  tiie  House  receives  a  sessional  in- 
demnity of  $!2,500.  The  members  of  the  Houseof  Commons  are  elected  under  the  several 
Provincial  Franchises,  in  accordance  with  a  Federal  act  passed  in  1898.  Tlie  Senators  are 
appointed  for  life  by  the  Crown  on  the  nomination  of  tlie  Governor- in- Council. 

Area,  Population,  and  Seats  of  Government,  akd  Lieutenant-Governors  of 

THE  Provinces. 


Provinces. 


Albertat 

British  Columbia. 
Manitoba 


New  Brunswick 

Nova  Scotia 

Ontario 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Quebec 

>askatchewan  t 

Mackenzie,    Unsrava, 

&  Franklin, N.W.T. 

Keesvatin,  N.W.  Ter. 

Yukon  lerritory 


Area, 
Square 
aiiles.  * 


Popula- 
tion, 
1901. 


253.540        72,841 

357,000,     178.657 

73,732     255,211 


Seats  of 
Goverument. 


27,985 

21,428 

260,862 

2,184 

351,873 

250, 650 

1,922,735 
516,571 
196,976 


Kdmonton. . 

Victoria 

Winnipeg  ... 


331,120' 
459.574, 

2,182.947! 
103,259 

1,648,898 
91, 460| 

18,875 

27.219 


Fredericton  . . . 

Halifax 

Toronto 

Charlottetown , 

Quebec 

Regiua 


Total 3, 729, 665 1 5, 371, 315 


Regina 

Winnipeg 
Dawson.... 


Lieutenant-Governors. 


Hon.  G.HV.Bulyea 

Hon.  James  Dunsmuir 

Hon.  Sir  D.  H.  McMillan,  K.  C 

M.  G 

Hon.  L.  J.  Tweeilie 

Hon.  Duncan  C.  Fras^r 

Hon.  W.  Mortimer  Clai'k 

Hon.  D.  A.  INIackinuou,  K.  C 

Hon.  L.  A.  Jette 

Hon.  A.  E.  Forget 


Alexander  Henderson, Co ni'r. 
Frederick  White,  Com'  r 


Ap- 
pouit- 
ed. 

1905 
1906 

1907 
1902 
1906 
1903 
1904 
1898 
1905 


1907 
1905 


*  Land  and  water  included  in  area,  t  Albertaand  Saskatchewan  were  erected  into  provinces  in 
1905.  Mackenzie,  Ungava,  Franklin,  Keewatin,  and  Northwest  Territories  are  territorial  districts, 
t  Included  in  Mackenzie,  Ungava,  and  Franklin. 

High  Commissioner  in  London,  England,  Lord  Strathcona  and  Mount  Royal,  G.  C.  M.  G. 
Salarv,  $10,0(J0. 

The  Dominion  of  Canada  has  an  area  of  3.  729, 665  (excluding  the  Hudson  Bay,  tlie  Gnlf  of 
St.  Lawrence  and  all  tidai  waters)  so uare  miles,  and  comprises  one- sixteenth  of  the  land  surface 
of  the  globe.  It  is  the  largest  of  all  the  British  possessions,  Australia,  the  next  in  size,  con- 
taining 2,943.691  square  mil3s.  The  Government  of  Canada  is  Federal,  centred  at  Ottawa, 
which  city  is  the  capital  of  the  Dominion,  while  the  provinces  have  their  respective  local  Legis- 
latures. The  head  of  the  Federal  Government  is  the  Grovernor-General,  appointed  by  the  King 
of  Great  Britain,  and  holding  office  for  five  years,  his  salary  being  paid  by  the  Dominion  Govern- 
ment. 

The  Lieutenant-  Governors  of  the  several  provinces  are  appointed  by  the  Federal  Government 
for  a  term  of  five  years.  The  Legislatures  are  elected  by  the  people  of  each  province.  Tlie 
highest  Court  in  the  Dominion  is  the  Supreme  Court,  composed  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  five  Judges, 
each  of  whom  receivers  a  salary  of  89, 000  per  annum,  except  the  Chief  Justice,  Avho  is  paid  an 
additional  81,  0(X3.  From  the"  decisions  of  this  Court  the  only  tribunal  to  which  appeal  can  be 
made  is  to  the  Judicial  Committee  of  the  Imperial  Privy  Council  of  Great  Britain.  The  only 
other  Federal  Court  is  the  E.xchequer  Court,  presided  over  by  a  single  Judge,  for  trying  cases 
connected  with  the  revenue.  Salary  §8, 000.  All  others  are  of  a  provincial  character,  limited 
to  j urisdiction  in  their  respective  provinces  only. 

Finances. 

Revenue  (financial  vear  ending  June  .30,  1906),  $80,1.39.360,  of  which  >S46.064,  597  was 
from  customs ;  814, 010, 220  from  excise ;  85,  933, 342  from  post-office ;  $8, 202, 229  from  public 
works,  including  government  railwavs;  miscellaneous.  85,928,972.       The  revenue  in  1905 
amounted  to  $71, 182,  773,  and  in  1907  for  9  mouths  the  revenue  was  $67,969,328. 
*Change  in  fiscal  year. 


Dotninlon  of  Canada.  619 


DOMINION  OF  CANADA— Owi/mMfrf. 


The  expenditure  on  account  of  consolidated  fund  was  $67, 240. 641,  of  which  §10, 814,697 
was  for  interest;  $1,911,611  for  civil  government;  .$1,711,359  for  administration  of  justice; 
$1,351, 91 6 for  legislation;  $'2,5.30,308  for  light-house  and  coa.«t si-rvice ;  $1,2'27,5(>0  for  mail 
subsidies  and  steamship  subventions ;  $1. 1 98, 350  for  Indians ;  $9(>m.  70'2  for  fisheries ;  $1 08. 114 
for  geological  survevand  observatories ;  $603, 590  for  arts,  a<jrriculture,  quarantine,  and  statis- 
tics ;  $4, 294, 125  for  militia  and  defence :  $7, 484. 916  for  puljlic  works ;  $(>,  726. 373  for  subsi- 
dies to  provinces ;  $4, 921, 577 for  post-office;  $8,779,677  for  railways  and  ranals;  $1.548. .384 
for  collecting  customs  revenue;  .$1,013,683  for  ocean  and  river  service ;  §842,  668  for  immigra- 
tion ;  $1, 004, 079  for  mounted  police. 

National  Debt. 

The  gross  public  debt  of  Canada  on  June  30,  1906,  amounted  to  $392,269,680.  The 
total  assets  counted  against  gross  public  debt  amounted  to  $125, 226, 703. 

Militia. 

Under  the  new  establishments  the  total  strength  of  the  Canadian  active  militia,  June  30, 
190(>,  was  as  follows: 

Cavalry,  18  regiments  and  10  independent  companies;  field  artillery,  10  brigades  and  3 
independent  batteries ;  garrison  artillery,  7  regiments  and  1  independent  company  ;  engineers, 
4  companies  and  1  telegraiih  section  ;  infantry,  91  regiments  (of  various  strength)  and  1 0  inde- 
pendent companies ;  army  service  corps ,  12  companies  ;  medicnl  corps,  1 8  field  ambulances. 

Total  of  all  ranks,  approximately,  .51,280.  There  are  475  rifle  clubs;  135  cadet  cori)S, 
Attached  to  the  military  schools  and  colleges  there  are  1,075  men. 

Exports  (domestic  and  foreign)  for  9 months*  (1906- 1907) :  To  British  Empire,  $11 3,750, 491 ; 
United  States,  $65,838,636;  Germanv,  $1,066,605:  France  and  possessions,  $1,414,636; 
Belgium,  $1,858,957;  China,  $351, 1.57;  Japan,  $538,548;  Holland,  $814,977.  Total  ex- 
ports, $192,087,233,  of  which  goods  not  the  produce  of  Canada,  $24,731,891. 

Imports  for  9  months  ( 1906-1907) :  From  British  Empire,  $75. 046, 707 ;  United  States.  $1,58,  - 
603,631;  Germany,  $5. 483, 207;  France  and  possession.s,  $6,  703,  .588;  Belgium,  $1,702,669; 
Japan,  $1,658,414;  China,  $469,361;  Ciiba,  $475,319;  South  America,  $2,280,190;  Italy, 
$404,589;  Switzeriand,  $1,594.2.32;  Holland,  $984,411.  Total  imports,  $259,786,007. 
Of  the  merchandise  imported,  $1 54, 8.56, 659  was  dutiable,  and  $104, 929. 348  free. 

ImY)orts  of  coin  and  bullion,  $7, 517, 008,  and  the  exports,  $13, 189, 964. 
*  Change  in  fiscal  year. 

Banks. 

Chartered  banks  (December  31,  1906) :  Capital  paid  up,  $91, 035, 604 ;  reserve  fund,  $64,  - 
002,266;  making  total  banking  capital,  $155,037,870;  circulation  redemption  fund, 
$3,923,531.  Total  assets,  $878,512,076;  total  lialnlities,  $713,790,553;  notes  in  circula- 
tion, $70. 638, 870 ;  deposits.  $605, 968. 513 ;  loans  and  discounts,  .$655, 869, 879. 

Deposits  in  savings  banks  (1906):  Government,  $61,911,182;  special,  $27,399,194, 
Total,  $89, 310, 376. 

Railways. 

Canada  has  a  network  of  steam  railways,  the  total  mileage  of  which  at  the  end  of  June,  1906, 
was  21, 518  miles. 
•  Fisheries. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  money  value  of  the  fisheries  within  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  1873- 1905  inclusive ; 


1873 $10, 547, 402. 44 

1874 11. 681, 886. 20 

1875 10,3.50,385.29 

1876 11,117,000.00 

1877 12.005,9.34.00 

1878 13. 215, 686. 00 

1879 13.529,1.53.00 

1880 14,499,980.00 

1881 15, 817, 163. 00 


1895 $20, 185. 298. 00 

1896 20, 407, 424. 00 

1897 22,78.3,546.00 

1898 19,667,127.00 

1899 21,891,706.00 

1900 21.557,6,39.00 

1901 25,737,154.00 

1902 21,9.59,4.3.3.00 

1903 23,101,878.00 

1904 23. 516, 439,  (X) 


1884 $17,776,404.24 

1885 17,722,97.3.18 

1886 18,  672, 288.  (M) 

1887 18, 386, 10;^.  00 

1888 17,418.510.00 

1889 17,6.55.2.56.00 

1890 17, 725, 0(HJ.  00 

1891 18, 979, 0(X).  OO 

1892 18,942,000.00 

1882 16,824,092.001 1893 20,686.661.00 

1883 16  958, 192. 00   1894 20, 719,  .573. 00  '  1905 26,279,485.00 

General  Statistics. 
Post-offices  (year  ended  June  30,  liH)6),  11,141;  number  of  letters  and  post- cards  mailed, 
357,318,000.  In  19(J6  tonnage  of  sea- going  vessels  entered  and  cleared,  16.843,429  tons 
register ;  tonnage  of  shipping  engaged  in  the  coasting  trade,  46, 324. 062  tons ;  tonnage  of  shipping 
engaged  in  the  Great  Lakes  cam-ing  between  Canada  and  the  United  States,  17,888,743  tons 
registered;  vessels  built  and  registered,  420;  tonnage,  37,639;  light- houses,  838. 

Population  of  Cities,  Census  of  1901. 

Montreal,  267,730;  Toronto.  208.040;  Quebec,  68,840;  Ottawa,  59,928;  Hamilton, 
52,634;  Winnipeg,  90,204;  Halifax,  40, 8.32;  St.  John,  40,711 ;  Ix)ndon,  37,981 ;  Vancouver, 
26, 133 ;  Victoria,  20, 816 :  Kingston,  17, 961 ;  Brantford,  16, 619 ;  Hull,  13, 993 ;  Charlottetown, 
12,080;  Vallevfield.  11,0.55;  Sherbrooke.  11.765;  Sydney,  9,909;  Moncton,  9,026.  In  1906 
Brandon,  10,411;  Calgarry,  11,967;  Edmonton,  11,163;  Winnipeg,  90,204;  Regina,  6,169; 
Moosejaw,  6,2.51.  ,      -.r,^-  .     .,. 

These  pages  of  Canadian  statistics  were  revised  for  The  World  Almanac  for  1907  in  tne 
oflBce  of  Census  and  Statistics  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Dominion  of  Canada. 


620 


Mexico. 


Stti 


President  (Salary,  $50,000) General  Porfirio  DiAg. 

Vice-President -. SeSor  Don  Eamon  Corral. 

Ministry. 
The  salary  of  each  member  of  the  Cabinet  is  $15, 0(X). 


Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs— S^iTiov  Don  Ignacio 
Mafiscal. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior— Setior  Don  Ramon  Cot- 
ral. 

Secretary  of  Justice — Sefior  Don  Justino  Fernan- 
dez. 

Secre  a)ff  of  Improvements — .Sefiof  Don  Olegafio 
Molina. 


Secretary  qf  Finances — Sefior  Don  Jose  Ives  Lim- 
ailtour. 

Secretary  of  ]Vdr  and  Navy — Sefior  General  Man- 
uel Gonzalez  Cosio. 

Secretary  of  Communications  and  Public  Works — 
Sefior  Don  Leandro  Fernandez. 

Secretary  of  Public  Instruction — Senor  Don  Justo 
Sierra. 


Area,  Population,  Constitution,  and  Government. 


States 

AND- 

TBRniroRiKS. 


Asu^us  Calientes. 

Campeche 

Chiapas 

Cliihuahua 

C'oahuila 

Colima .-.. 

Duraiigo 

(lUauajuato 

Guerrero 

Ifidalgo 

Jalisco 

^[exico 

Michoacaii 

Morelos 

Niievo  Leon 

Oaxaca 

Pnel)ia 


Area 
Silimrc 
Miles. 

3,981 
1S,U91 
27,280 
87,828 
62,375 

2,2-7.3 
38,020 
11,374 
26,003 

8.920 
31,855 

9,250 
22,881 

2,774 
24,324 
35,392 
12,207 


Popula- 
tion, 
1900. 


101,910 
84,281 
3t}3,607 
327,004 
280,899 
65,026 
371,274 

1,065,317 
474,594 
603,074 

1,137,311 
924,457 
935.849 
161,697 
326,940 
947.910 

1,024,446 


C.tpitala. 


Aguas  Oalieutes. 
CampecJie. 
Sau  ('ristobal. 
Chihuahua. 
Saltillo. 
Colima. 
jDuraugo. 
Guanajuato. 
Chilpauciugo. 
jPachuca. 
Guadalajara, 
iToluca. 
MoreUa. 
Cuernavaca. 
Monterey. 
(JaxacQ. 
PUebla. 


States 

AND 

Tep.kitoriKs. 


Quefetaro..!.:... 
.San  Luis  Potosi . . 

8inaloa 

Sonora  

Tabasco 

Tamaulipa.s...k.. 

Tepic  (Ter. ) 

Tlaxcala 

Veracruz 

Yucatan 

Zacatecas  

L.California(Ter) 
Federal  District. 

Islands 

Quiutaua  Koo  *. 


Total 767.2.59  13,607,259 


Area 
Square 
Miles. 


3,558 
26,328 
33,681 
76,922 
10,075 
82,585 
11,279 

1,595 
29,210 
35,214 
24.764 
58,.345 
463 

1,561 


Popula- 
tion, 
1900. 


238,489 
582,486 
296,109 
220,553 
1.58,107 
218,948 
149,677 
172,217 
960,570 
312,264 
462,886 
48,624 
541,516 


Capit.ils. 


Queretaro. 

San  IiUlB  Potosi. 

Culiacan. 

Hermosillo. 

S.  Juan  P>aiUista. 

Ciuaad  Victoria. 

Tepic. 

Tlaxcala. 

Jalapa. 

■Merida. 

Zacatecas. 

La  Paz. 

City  of  Mexico. 


*The  area  and  population  of  the  newly  created  Territory  of  Quiutaua  Koo  is  included  in 
Yucatan  in  the  table. 

The  present  Constitution  of  Mexico  bears  date  February  5,  1857,  with  subsequent  amend- 
ments. By  its  terms  Mexico  is  considered  a  Federative  Republic,  divided  into  States,  nineteen  at 
the  outset,  but  at  present  twenty- seven  in  number,  with  three  Territories  and  one  Federal  District, 
each  having  a  right  to  manage  its  own  local  atiairs,  while  the  whole  are  bound  together  in  one 
body  politic  by  fundamental  and  constitutional  laws.  The  powers  of  the  Federal  Governtoeilt 
are  divided  into  three  branches— the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial.  The  legislative  power 
is  vested  in  a  Congress,  consisting  of  a  House  of  Representatives  and  a  Senate;  the  exectitive 
in  a  President,  and  the  judicial  in  Federal  Courts.  Representatives  elected  by  the  sutitage  of  all 
male  adults,  at  the  rate  of  one  member  for  40, 000  inhabitants,  hold  their  places  for  two  year* 
The  qualitications  requisite  are  to  be  twenty- five  years  of  age  and  a  resident  in  the  State.  The 
Senate  consists  of  two  memVjers  from  each  State,  of  at  lea.^t  thirty  years  of  age,  wiio  hold  their 
places  for  four  years.  Senators  are  elected  indirectly,  lialf  of  tliem  being  renewed  every  two 
years.    The  mernbers  of  both  Houses  receive  salaries  of  §3,000  each  a  year. 

The  President  is  elected  by  electors  popularly  chosen  in  a  general  election  and  holds  office 
fof  six  years.  According  to  the  last  Amendment  of  the  Constitution,  it  does  not  pmhibit  his 
re-  election.  In  case  of  his  sudden  disability,  the  Vice-  President,  who  is  also  permanent  President 
of  the  Senate,  officiates  in  his  place.  Congress  has  to  meet  annually,  from  September  10  to 
December  15,  and  from  April  J.  to  May  31,  and  a  permanent  committee  of  both  Houses  sits 
during  the  recesses.  **"  —  '  — ^i"-^- 

^*  ...^         Finance  and  Commerce. 

The  Federal  revenues  collected  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  .Tune  30,  1906,  were 
$101,972,624;  disbursements  were  §79,466,912;  value  of  imports  year  ended  June  30,  1905 
(gold  valuation),  $86, 122, 293 ;    value  of  exports,  §208, 520, 451  (In  silver). 

2r^     Army  and  Navy. 

The  army  consists  of  infantry,  26,000;  engineers,  766;  artillery,  2,804;  cavalry,  8,454; 
rural  guards  of  police,  2, 365 ;  gendarmerie,  250 ;  total,  37, 103.     There  are  over  3, 00(J  officers. 

There  are  six  gun  Ijoats  with  from  1,000  to  1,300  tons,  armed  with  rapid-firing  four- inch 
guns  and  with  rapid-firing  six  pounders;  a  transport  of  1,600  tons,  armed  with  67  mm.  guns; 
another  transport  of  900  tons  ;  two  training  ships,  one  of  steam,  1, 300  tons,  armed  with  12  cm. 
and  57  mm. ,  and  the  other,  a  sailing  ship  of  700  tons.  There  are,  also,  several  small  revenue 
cutters  v/atching  the  coast  on  both  oceans;  a  naval  school,  a  navy- yard,  and  a  floating  dock  at 
Vera  Cruz,  and  a  ship  yard  at  Guaymas. 

National  Debt. 

The  national  debt  is  $138, 838, 900  gold,  and  §142, 116, 950  payable  in  silver. 

Internal  Improvements. 

Miles  of  railway  in  operation,  19,  (XK);  miles  of  telegraph  line,  45,000;  post-offices,  2, 207. 

Tliis  iiiformatiou  alx)ut  Mexico  was  compiled  mainly  from  the  bulletins  of  the  Bureau  of 
American  Republics,  Washington,  D.  C. ,  was  corrected  to  date  for  the  WoP.ld  Almanac  at  the 
Office  of  the  Mexican  Embassy  at  Washington^. 


Dichion  of  Africa. 


621 


Central  antr  <Sout!)  American  STiatre. 

IMPORTS    AND    EXPORTS. 


Countries. 


Argeutuie  Kepublic 

Bolivia .. 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia 

Costa  Kica 

Cuba 

Dominican  Republic. 

Ecuador 

Guatemala 


Imports.     Exports. 


$269,970,521 

17,54.^.662 

165.000,000 

79,(li;0,000 

14,453,000 

7,278,464 

98,.530,622 

4,065,437 

7,657,000 

7,220,759 


!t>292,253,829 

27,827,258 

265,000.000 

97,000,000 

12.658,(100 

8,802.000 

106.258,618 

6,536,378 

9,035,000 

7,136,271 


Countries. 


Hayti 

!  Honduras . 

iMe.\ico 

I  Nicaragua . 

I  Panama 

I  Paraguay.. 

Peru 

Salvador. .. 

Uruguay... 

Venezuela. 


Year  I 

1905 
1906 
lP(i6-7 
1904 
1906 
19(i5 
19(i6 
19t)5 
1905 
1906 


Imports. 

"$3.87^069 
2.511,610 

116,631,694 
3,202,000 
1,448,686 
4.678,574 

24,953,602 
4,346,000 

30,778.000 
8,676,000l 


Export.S. 


$8,967,862 

2,877,743 
124,009,005 

3,926,000 
14,239,471 

5,2:J2,770 
28.479.404 

5,647,000 
30  865,000 
15.630,000 


For  trade  with  the  United  States  see  page  348.  For  population  of  Latiu-Americau  Republics, 
see  page  599. 

The  above  returns  were  compiled  from  the  reports  of  the  International  Bureau  of  American 
Republics. 

The  Bureau  was  established  at  Washington  under  tlie  recommendation  of  the  Pan- American 
Conference  of  1890,  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  clo.ser  relations  of  commerce  and  frif-ndship 
between  the  American  Republics.  At  the  Pan- American  Conference  at  Mexico  in  1901,  its  scope 
was  enlarged,  while  at  the  Third  Pan- American  Conference  held  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  in  1906  a  re.solu- 
tion  was  passed  for  its  reorganization  upon  broader  lines,  so  that  it  should  become  a  world  recognized 
and  practical  institution  for  the  development  of  Pan-American  commerce  and  comity. 

The  list  of  Directors  who  have  administered  the  affairs  of  the  Bureau  since  it  was  organized  is  a,s 
follows:  William  E.  Curtis,  1890-3893;  Clinton  Furbish,  1893-1897:  Joseph  P.  Smiih.  1897-3898; 
Frederic  Emory,  1898-1899;  W.  W.  Rockhill,  1899-1905;  William  C.  Fox,  1905-1907;  John 
Barrett,  1907. 

The  general  object  of  the  International  Bureau  is,  first,  to  develop  commerce  and  trade  and, 
second,  to  promote  better  relations,  clo.ser  acquaintance,  and  more  intimate  association  along  intel- 
lectual, educational,  aud  social  as  well  as  material  lines  among  the  American  Republics. 

The  Bureau  for  commercial  purposes  is  in  touch,  in  both  North  and  South  America,  on  the  one 
hand,  with  manufacturers,  merchants,  exporters  and  importers,  doing  all  it  can  to  facilitate  the 
exchange  and  building  up  of  trade  among  the  American  Nations,  and  on  the  other  hand,  with  luiiver- 
sity  and  college  presidents,  professors  and  students,  with  w-riters,  newspaper  men,  scientists  and 
travellers,  providing  them  with  a  large  variety  of  information  that  will  increase  their  interest  iu  the 
different  American  Nations. 

It  publishes  numerous  hand  books,  pamphlets  aud  maps,  a  list  of  which  will  be  forwarded  upon 
application. 

The  Bureau  is  also  the  office  or  agency,  and  custodian  of  archives  of  the  International  American 
Conferences.  It  has  charge  of  the  correspondence  relating  thereto,  the  ratification  of  their  resolutions 
aud  the  issuance  of  calls  for  new  conferences. 

Work  will  soon  be  begun  on  the  new  building  of  the  Bureau,  to  be  located  on  the  Van  Np^^s  Park 
site,  Seventeenth  and  B  Streets.  Washington,  for  which  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie  has  given  $750,000 
and  the  ditterent  republics  $250. 000,  making  a  total  of  $1,000,000  available  for  the  new  home  aud 
grounds  of  the  Bureau. 


33ii)i.aion  of  Africa 

AMONG    THE    EUROPEAN    POWERS. 


• 

Area. 

Population. 

^ 

Area. 

Popiil.-»tion. 

British  Africa:  Basu- 
toland,     Bechuanaland 
Protectorate.  Cape  Col- 
ony,    Central    Africa, 

2,807.760 
3,232,454 

43,495,754 
18.073,890 

Gkrman Africa:  Togo- 
land,  Cameroons,  South 
West     Africa,      East 
Africa 

920,920 
278.500 

735,304 

243,877 
798,738 

900. 000 

10,200,000 

East  Africa    Protecto- 
rate, Uganda  Protecto- 
rate, Zanzibar  Protecto- 
rate, Mauritius,  Natal, 
Niger  Coast  Protecto- 
rate, Territory  of  the 

Italian  Africa:     Eri- 
trea, Somaliland 

Portuguese     Africa: 
Angola,    the    Congo, 
Guinea,     East     Africa 
-and  Islands  

850,000 
4,431,970 

Royal  Niger  Co.,  South 
Africa,     West    Africa. 
Zululand   and  Islands, 
and  the  Boer  colonies*. 

French  Africa:    Alge- 
ria,    Senegal.     French 
Soudan  and  the  Niger, 
Gaboon      and      Guinea 
Coast,    Congo    Region. 
Somali  Coast.  Madaga.s- 
carand  Islands 

Spanish    Africa:     Rio 
de    Oro,     Adrar,    Fer- 
nando Po and  Islands. . 

Turkish  Africa:     Tri- 
poli and   the   Mediter- 
ranean Coast,  Egypt*.. 

Congo    Independent 
State.       (Under      the 
sovereignty  of  the  King 
of  the  Belgians) 

136,000 
8,117,265 

30.000.000 

Total 

8.087.o5;J 

Ti7,104,87l 

*  Egypt  and  the  Egyptian  Soudan,  although  nominally  under  the  suzerainty  of  Turkey,  are  really 
controlled  by  tireat  Britain,  and  it  is  only  a  matter  of  time  as  to  when  they  will  be  incorporated  into 
the  British  Empire.  Adding  Egypt  and  the  Soudan  to  the  Empire  would  increase  the  figures  above 
?iven  to  3.207,700  square  miles  and  50.316,019  population. 

The  remaining  territory  of  Africa  unoccupied  is  a  part  of  the  great  Desert  of  Sahara  and  the  Inde- 
pendent States  of  Abyssinia  aud  Liberia.  I'.ven  this  territory,  except  the  la.st,  is  destined  to  pass 
under  the  power  of  the  Europeans.    The  tabular  figures  are  from  ' '  The  Statesman' s  Year- Book.  '^' 


622 


Largest  Cities  of  the  Earth. 


Harflcst  (tititn  of  ti)r  ISatti). 

POPULATION  ACCORDING  TO  THE  LATEST  OFFICIAL  CENSUSES. 


CrriKS. 


London* 

New  York , 

Paris 

Berlin 

Tokio,  Japan , 

rliioaco , 

Vienna , 

Canton 

Peking , 

St.  Petersburg 

Philadelphia 

Constantinople 

Calruttaf 

Moscow 

Bnenos  Ayres 

«isaka 

l{io  de  Janeiro 

Hamburg 

Boinbay 

Warsaw 

Glasgow 

Biida-I'esth 

Liverpool  

Brussel!)  f- 

Bangkok 

Manchester,  England.. 

Boston 

St.  Louis 

Cairo,  Egypt 

Naples 

Amsterdam ,.. 

Madrid 

Munich 

Barcelona 

Birmingham,  England. 

l)res<len 

Madras 

Baltimore 

Leip7,ig 

Melbourne  f 

Milan 

Marseilles 

Sydney t 

Copenhagen  f 

Breslau 

Borne 

Lyons 

Odessa 

Haidarabad  t 

Leeds  

Cologne 

ShetJield 

Cleveland 

Kioto 

Shanghai 

Buffalo 

Botterdam 

Lisbon 

Lodx 

Belfast 

Mexico  City 

San  P'rancisco 

Bristol,  England 

Turin 

Krankfort-on-Main .. . . 

Santiago,  Chile 

Vokohaina 

Cincinnati    

Pit  sburgh 

Alexandria,  Egypt.... 

K  ev 

Stockholm 

Edinburgh 

Palermo 

Montevideo 

Nuremberg 

Antwerp 

L)ublin 

Nagoya  

New  I  >rleans 

Detroit 

Milwaukee 

Kobe.  .Japan 


Cen- 
sus 
Year, 

1901 
1905 
1901 
1906 
1903 
1900 
1901 

est. 

est. 
1905 
I911O 

est. 
1901 
1902 
1905 
190 : 
1906 

igo-i 

I'.'Ol 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
19-5 
est. 
1901 
1905 
1900 
1^97 
1901 
1905 
1900 
1905 
1900 
1901 
1905 
1901 
1900 
1915 
19'>1 
1901 
l«ol 
1901 
1901 
1905 
1901 
1901 
19  0 

l;>oi 

1901 
1905 
1901 
1900 
1903 
est. 
1905 
1905 
19nO 
1897 
1901 
1900 
1900 
1901 
1901 
1905 
1904 
1903 
1900 
1900 
1S97 
1X97 
1905 
1901 
1901 
19i>l 
1905 

1901 
1903 
1900 
1900 
19fv0 
1903 


Popula- 
tion. 


4,.=.3i;,541 
4.014,304 
2,714,068 
2,040,148 
1,818,655 
1.69S,6:5 
1,674,957 
1,600,000 
1,600,000 
1,429,000 
1,293,697 
1,125,000 
1,026,987 
1,092.360 
1,0»>0,2.=;0 
995,945 
811,265 
802,793 
776,006 
756,426 
735.906 
732.322 
702,247 
612,401 
600,00 
606,751 
595,083 
575,23- 
570,062 
663,541 
557,61) 
539.835 
538,9K3 
533,090 
622,182 
516,996 
509,34ii 
608,96" 
503,67 
496.079 
491.460 
491.161 
481 ,830 
476, ^0H 
470,904 
462,783 
4,i9,i'99 
449,67  ; 
44o,466 
428,953 
428,722 
409.070 
3»1,76» 
380,56» 
380,000 
376,61'- 
371,390 
356,009 
351,570 
349,180 
344,721 
342,782 
339,042 
335,656 
334,978 
334,538 
32i,035 
325,902 
321,616 
•  319,7(-iK 
319,0110 
317,964 
316,479 
309.694 
298,127 
294,426 
291,949 
2V'0,'.38 
288,639 
287,104 
285,704 
285,31. i 
•-•85.002 


Cities. 


Hong  Kong   

Newark 

Teheran  

Bradford 

Washington 

Bucharest .. 

Havana 

Montreal 

West  Ham,  England.. 

Lucknow 

Bordeaux 

HiRa 

Dusseldorf  .   • 

Hanover,  Germany... 

Tunis 

Stuttgart 

Newcastle 

Chemnitz 

The  Hague 

Magdeburg 

Hull 

Nottingham 

Charh  >i  ti-nbiirg,  Prus.si  a 

Unngoon 

Genoa 

.lersey  Citv 

Essen,  (i>  rmany 

I  hristiania , 

Damascus , 

Stfttiu 

Konigsberg , 

.lalford , 

.Manila , 

Bri-men , 

Valencia , 

Leicester 

I.ille  

Benares 

Delhi 

Toronto 

Florence  

Louisville 

Lahore 

Jlinneapolis 

Prague 

Smj'rna 

Providi  iiie 

Cawnpore 

Seoul,  Korea 

Portsmouth,  England 

Agra 

Ahmad" bad  

Jtandelay 

Uoclii-strr 

Tabriz 

Trieste 

Dortmund  ....    

Zurich 

Bahia 

Kharkov.. .    

Allahabad 

llalle-on-."ialle 

Indianap'dis 

Altoii:i,  Germany 

Bolton 

I  >poi  to 

Slra- burg 

Cardiff 

Kiel,  (Jrrmany 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Manheim 

rVdelai  let 

St.  Piul 

Eib,Tf.l>i 

Vilna '. . . . 

Ghent 

Amritsar 

Dundee 

.Jaipur 

I><?mb'  rg 

I>antzig 

Bangalore 

Johannf shurg 


Cen- 
sus 
Year, 

1901 
1905 
est, 
1901 
1900 
1900 
1902 
l-'Ol 
1901 
1901 
I9II1 
1897 
U'05 
1905 
est. 
1905 
IflOl 
1905 
1905 
l;»06 
1901 
1901 
1905 
I'.tOl 
1901 
1905 
1905 
1900 

•-St. 

I'.tO.i 
1905 
P.  01 
1904 
1905 
1900 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1900 
1901 
1900 
1901 
est. 
1905 
1901 
1902 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1905 
1881 
1901 
19  i5 
1904 
1890 
1897 
1901 
1905 
1900 
1905 
1901 
1900 
1905 
1901 
1905 
1900 
1905 
IS'il 
1900 
1905 
1897 
1905 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1905 
1901 
1904 


I'opula- 
tion. 


283,905 

283,289 

280,000 

279,809 

278,718 

276,178 

275,000 

267,730 

267,308 

264,049 

257,638 

256,197 

253,274 

250,024 

250,000 

249.286 

247,025 

244,927 

242,0;,4 

240.633 

240,61 ^ 

239.7.53 

239.559 

234,8M 

234,710 

232,699 

231,360 

227,626 

225.000 

224,119 

223,770 

220,956 

219,928 

214,861 

V  13,530 

211,574 

210,696 

209,:;31 

208.5:5 

208.040 

205,589 

'4il.7.s1 

202,964 

202,718 

201  ,.089 

201 ,000 

198,6.35 

197,170 

196,646 

189,160 

188,022 

185,889 

183,816 

181,6:2 

180,000 

l:8,.559 

175,577 

175,033 

174,412 

1'(3,H89 

172,032 

169,916 

D9,lt;4 

168,3-JO 

108,205 

167, H55 

167,678 

164,420 

163,7:2 

1 --.3,752 

163,693 

163,430 

163,065 

162,853 

162,633 

162,482 

162,429 

160,871 

160,167 

159,877 

159,64s 

159,046 

158,580 


Cities. 


Colombo,  Ceylon 

llowr;ih 

Barmen 

Poona  

.\:i!r:is:(ki 

Bologna 

Venice 

'Toulouse 

Messina 

Catauia 

Seville 

Sf'erabava,  Java 

Suniit-rland 

.St.  Eliinne 

Bagdail 

Aachen 

Va'paraiso 

Aberdt-en 

K.izan 

Koubaix 

Fi'Z,  Slorocco 

Algiers  f 

Gratz 

Oldham,  England 

S.r:,tvo   ; 

Posen 

Uiunswick,  {Jcrmauy.. 

Vekaterinoslav 

Patna 

Croydon,  England 

Denver 

Gotebi'rg 

Nantes 

I'oledo,  Ohio 

Bar.illy 

Lima 

Havre 

Ma'aga 

Allc  gheny 

Blackburn 

Wmcester,  Mass 

N  igl'ur 

.\l.  T)p0 

Kisiilni  V 

Columbus 

Basle 

Brighton,  England. . . . 

Srina;;ar 

Liege 

lio-arin.  Argeutina. . . . 

Astrakhai 

Ileroshima 

Kassel.  Germany 

Bo_ol,-i 

l!ostov-on-Don 

Suaf 

Bi-irut 

Meerut 

Syracuse 

Itou'n 

Kiirichi 

i;at.i\  i:i 

De  by 

Utrecht 

Preslon 

Cieneva 

Norwich,  England.... 

Helsingto  s 

Pi  rnambuco 

Mur.ia,  >pain 

P.I  rson,  N.J 

Athns 

Birkeuhea.l 

Krefld   

(iatesh.  ad 

Tula 

Brunn 

Iteims 

New  Haven 

Plym..uth,  EngLnd... 

M.a.lu-a 

Fall  K  ver,    Ma.s8 

Nice,  France 


Cen- 
sus 
Year, 

1901 
1901 
1905 
1901 
1903 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1900 
1900 
1901 
1901 
est, 
1905 
1904 
1901 
1900 
1901 
est. 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1897 
1905 
1905 
1897 
1901 
1901 
1900 
1902 
1901 
1900 
1901 
19l>3 
19i'l 
1900 
1900 
1901 
1905 
1901 
est. 
)H97 
1900 
1904 
1901 
1901 
19C5 
1903 
1897 
P.  03 
1905 
1886 
1897 
1901 
est. 
1901 
19  5 
1901 
1901 
1900 
1901 
1905 
1901 
1904 
191.1 
1904 
1890 
1900 
1905 
1896 
19"1 
1905 
P.  01 
1897 
1901 
P.Ol 
1900 
1901 
1901 
1905 
1901 


Popula- 
tion. 


l.=.8,228 
157.594 
156,080 
1,-3,320 
153,2'.3 
152,009 
151.840 
149,.><41 
149.778 
149,2  5 
148,315 
146,544 
I46,.565 
146.5,59 
145,000 
144.095 
143,769 
143,722 
143.707 
149,.3r,5 
140.000 
138,709 
138,080 
137.238 
l:;7,147 
I36.f-0S 
136,397 
135,5."2 
134, 7»5 
133,hh5 
133,8  9 
133,625 
132,9;  0 
13I,K-.2 
131,208 
1.30,2  3 

i:;iM-96 
130.109 
129,896 
li9,Vl6 
iv8,i:i5 

127,734 
127,150 

I2.v:87 

12.=.,5t.0 
124. .392 
123,478 
122.618 
122,207 
122,156 
121,580 
121.196 
120,267 
1 20,000 
119,889 
119.306 
118,800 
118,129 
117.4.8 
116,316 
116,163 
115,887 
114,8-J8 
114,321 
112,982 
112,736 
111,728 
111,654 
111,:  56 
111,539 
111,529 
111,486 
110,915 
110,3:4 
109,887 
109,352 
109,346 
lc8,3,"*5 
108.027 
107.609 
105,984 
105,:  ■-' 
105,109 


'  I  opui.ii.on  ot  Greater  London  (mecnpolitaii  and  c.ty  |)oli.  e  districts  1,  6,581,372.         f  ^^'th  suburbs. 

Note. — The  population  of  Cliinese  1  ilirs  utlier  than  Canton,  Peking,  and  .Shanghai  is  oinitteil,  becau.se  reports  respecting  it  are 
utterly  untrustworthy.  There  are  f.  rtv  or  more  Chinese  cities  whose  inhabitants  are  numbered  by  rumor  at  from  200,000  to 
1,000,000  each,  but  no  official  censuses  have  ever  been  taken;  and  setting  aside  consi<leration  of  the  Oriental  tendency  to  exagger.i- 
tiun,  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  estimates  of  population  in  many  instances  covered  districts  of  country  bearing  the  sume 
names  as  th«  cities,  instead  of  detinile  municipalities. 


Population  of  the  United  States. 


623 


fH    IJopulatiou  of  tl)c  iJIlm'trTr  .states, 

AT  EACH  CENSUS  FROM  1790  TO  1900. 


Statks  and 
Territoriks. 


Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Dakota 

Delaware 

D. of  Columbia.. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Hawaii 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana  

Indian  Territor3' 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts  . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota. . . 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania ... 
Rhode  Island. . . 
South  Carolina. . 
South  Dakota  . . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 


Washington  ... 
West  Virginia. 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total 


1820. 


127,901 
i4,256 

275,i48 

72,749 
32,039 

340,985 


55,162 
147,178 


564,135 
152,923 
298,269 
407,35(1 
523,159 
8,765 

75.448 
66,557 


244,022 
277,426 

l,3'72,ill 

638,829 

581 ',295 


1,047,507 

83,015 

502,741 

422,771 


235,966 
1,065,116 


1830. 


309,527 
30,388 

297,675 

76,748 

39,834 

34,730 

616,823 


157.445 
343.031 


687,917 
215,739 
399,455 
447,040 
610.408 
31,639 

136',621 
140,455 


269,328 
320,823 

1,918,608 
737,987 

937',903 


1,348,233 

97,199 

581,185 

681,904 


280,652 
1,211,405 


9,633,822.  12.866,020 


1840. 


590,756 


97,574 


309,978 

78,085 

43,712 

54,477 

691,392 


476,183 

685,866 

43,il2 

779,828 
352,411 
501,793 
470,019 
737,699 
212,267 

375.651 
..383,702 


284,574 
373,306 

2,428',921 
753,419 

1,519,467 


1,724,033 

108,830 
594,398 

829,210 


291,948 
1,239,797 


30,945 


1850. 


17.069.453 


771,623 


209.897 
92,597 

3'70,792 

91.532 

51.687 

87.445 

906,185 


851,470 
988,416 

192,214 

982,405 
517,762 
583,169 
583,034 
994,514 
397,654 
6,077 
606,526 
682,044 


317,976 

489,555 

61,547 

3,097,394 

869,039 

1,980,329 

13,294 

2,311,786 

147,545 

668,507 

1,002,717 

212,592 

11,380 

314,120 

1,421,661 


305,391 


1860. 


964,201 


435,450 

379,994 

34,277 

460,147 

4,837 

113,216 

75,080 

140,424 

1,057,286 


1,711,951 

1,350,428 

674,913 
107,206 

1,155,684 
708,002 
628,279 
687, '149 

1,231  ,(H)6 
749,113 
172,023 
791,305 

1,182,012 

28,841 

6,857 

326,073 

672,035 

93,516 

3,880,735 

992,622 

2,3'39',511 

52,465 

2,906,215 

174,620 

703,708 

1,109,801 

604,215 

40,273 

315,098 

1,596,318 

11,594 

775,881 


1870. 


996,992 


9 

484 
560 

39 
537 

14 

125 

131 

187 

1,184 


,658 
.471 
,247 
,864 
,454 
,181 
,015 
,700 
.748 
,109 


14,999 

2,539.891 
1,680,637 

1,194,020 
364,399 

1,321,011 
726,915 
626,915 
780,894 

1,457,351 

1,184,059 
439,706 
827,922 

1,721,295 

20,595 

122,993 

42,491 

318,300 

906,096 

91,874 

4,382,759 

1,071,361 

2,665,260 

90,923 

3,521,951 

217,353 

705,606 

1,258,520 

818,579 

86,786 

330,551 

1,225  163 

23,955 

442,014 

1,054,670 

9,118 


1880. 


1900. 

63.592 

122,931 

1,311,564 

1,485,053 

539.700 

908,420 

184,735 

278,718 

528,542 
2,216,331 

154,001 

161,772 
4,821,550 
2,516,462 

392,060 
2,231,853 
1,470,495 
2,147,174 
1,381,625 

694,466 
1,188,044 
2,805,346 
2,420,982 
1,751,394 
1.551,270 
3,106,665 

243,329 

1,066,300 

42,335 

411,588 
1,883,669 

195.310 
7,268,894 
1,893,810 

319,146 
4,157.545 

398,331 

413,536 
6,302,115 

428,556 
1,340,316 

401,570 
2,020,616 
3.048,710 

276.749 

343,641 
1,854,184 

518,103 

958,800 

2,069,042 

92,531 

23.191,876'  31,443,321'  38,558,371:  50,155.783  62,622,250  t76.303.387 


1,262,595 

« 

40,440 
802,525 
864,694 
194,327 
622,700 
135,177 
146,608 
177,624 
269,493 
1,542,180 

32,610 
3,077,871 

1,978,301 

1,624,615 

996,096 

1,648.690 

939,946 

648,936 

934.943 

1,783,085 

1,636,937 

780,773 

1,131,597 

2,168,380 

39,159 

452,402 

'^  62.266 

346,991 

1,131,116 

119.565 

5,082.871 

1,399,750 

3,198,062 

174,768 

4,282,891 

276,531 

995,577 

1,542,359 

1,591,749 

143,963 

332,286 

1,512,565 

75,116 

618,457 

1,315.497 

20.789 


1890. 


1,513,017 

59,620 

1,128,179 

1.208,1.^0 

419,198 

746,258 

168,493 

230,392 

391,422 

1,837,353 

84,385 
3.826,351 

2,192,404 

« 

1,911,896 
1,427,096 
1,858,635 
1,118,587 

661.086 
1,042,390 
2.238,943 
2,093,889 
1,301,826 
1.289,600 
2,679,184 

132,159 

1,058,910 

45,761 

376,530 
1,444,933 

153.593 
5.997,853 
1,617,947 

182,719 

3,672,316 

61,834 

313,767 
5,258,014 

345,506 
1,151,149 

328,808 
1,767,518 
2,235,523 

207,905 

332,422 
1,655,980 

349,390 

762,704 

1,686,880 

60,705 


Population  Continental  United  States  (including  Alaska),  76,149,386  (1900);  Philippines  (1903), 
7,635,426;  Porto  Rico, 953,243;  Hawaii,  154,001;  Guam,  8,661;  American  Samoa.  5,800.  Total  population, 
85.271,093.  Population  1908,  estimating  ContinentalUnited  States,  about  95,500,000.  For  population  of 
States  by  State  C2ususes  of  1905,  consult  index. 

*The  inhabitants  ot  Alaska  and  the  Indian  Territory  are  not  included  in  the  enumeration  of  1890.  The 
population  of  Alaska  in  1890  was  30,329;  of  the  Indian -Territory,  179,321.  Total  population  of  the  f.'nited 
States  in  1890,  62,831,900.  The  inhabitants  of  Ala.ska  were  not  included  in  the  enumeration  of  1880. 
The  population  was  33,426.     Total  population  of  the  United  States  in  1880,  50,189,209. 

t  Includes  91.219  persons  in  the  military  and  naval  service  of  the  United  States. 

Population*:  Census  OF  1790.— Connecticut,  237,946;  Delaware,  59,096;  Georgia,  82,548;  Kentucky, 
73,677;  Maine,t  96,540;  Maryland,  319,728;  Massachusetts,  378,787;  New  Hampshire,  141,885;  New  .Feisev, 
184,139;  New  Vork,  340,120;  North  Carolina,  393,751;  Pennsylvania,  434,373;  Rhode  Island. 68,825;  South 
Carolina,  249,073;  Tennessee,  35,691 ;  Vermont,  85,425;  Virginia,  747.610.     Total  U.  S. ,  3,929,214. 

Population:  Census  ok  1800.— Connecticut.  261,002;  Delaware,  64,273;  District  of  Columbia,  14,093; 
Georgia,  162,686;  Indiana,  5,641;  Kentucky,  220,955:  Maine,*  151,719;  Maryland,  341,548;  Massachusetts, 
422,845;  Mississippi,  8,850;  New  Hampshire,  183,858:  New  Jersey,  211,149:  New  York,  689,051;  North 
Carolina,  478,103;  Ohio,  45,365:  Pennsylvania,  602.365;  Rhode  Island,  69.122;  South  Carolina,  345.591; 
Tennessee,  105,602;  Vermont,  154.465;  Virginia,  880,200.     Total  U.  S. ,  5,308,483. 

Population-:  Census  of  1810. —Connecticut,  261.942:  Delaware,  72.674:  Districtof  Columbia,  24,- 
023;  Georgia.  252.433;  Illinois.  12,282;  Indiana.  24,520:  Kentucky.  406.511;  Louisiana,  76.556;  Maine. J 
228,705:  Maryland.  380,546;  Massachusetts,  472,040;  Michigan,  4,762:  Mis.sissippi,  40,352:  Missouri.  20,845; 
New  Hampshire,  214,460:  New  Jersey,  245,562:  New  York,  959.049:  North  Carolina.  555.500;  Ohio.  230.760; 
Pennsylvania,  810,091;  Rhode  Lsland.  76.931;  South  Carolina,  415.115;  Tennessee,  261,727;  Vermont.  217,- 
895;  Virginia,  974,60t).     Total  U.  S..  7.239,881.     t  Maine  a  part  of  Massachusetts  until  admitted  in  1820. 

Population  Prior  to  1790  (according  to  Bancroft):  1688,  l'00,000:  1714,434,60t);  1727,  580,000;  1750, 
1,260,000;  1754,  1,425,000; 4760,  1,695,000;  1770,  2,312,000;  1780,  2,945,000  (2,383,000  white.  562,000  colored). 


624 


Population  of  the    United  States. 


J^opulatiou  of  tijc  sanitctr  <States» 

^  BY    STATE    CENSUSES    TAKEN    IN    1905. 

Ten  States  took  euumeratioiis  of  their  population  in  the  year  1905,    Tlie  following  were  the  totals 
of  each.     (For  details  of  seveml  States  see  Almanac  of  1906,  pages  404  and  405). 


States. 

■ 

Total 
Populaliuii,  1905. 

States. 

Total 

Population,    1906. 

States. 

Total 
Population,   1805. 

Florida 

625,200 
2,216,068 
3,003  636 
2,655,463 

New  Jei-sey 

New  York 

2,144,134 

8,066,672 
480.082 

•South  Dakota 

Wisconsin 

464  288 

Iowa. 

2,22tj,949 

3Ias.saehubetts 
JMichigan 

lihode  Island 

Wyoming 

101,816 

PROPORTION 

OF    SEXES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(Extracts    from    Census   Bulletin   No.   14.) 
MORE    MALES    THAN    FEMALES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

The  whole  population  of  continental  United  States  was  first  counted  with  distinction  of 
sex  in  lt>2U.  During  the  seventy  years  from  1830  to  ItKX)  the  absolute  excess  of  males  was 
gireater  at  each  census  than  at  any  preceding  census  with  one  exception — that  of  ISTU — 
when  the  excess  of  males  was  less  than  m  IS'50  and  IStiO. 

This  reduction  of  the  excess  of  males  between  18ti0  and  1870,  by  albout  ;iOO,(M)0,  was 
dO'U.btlesis  due  lo  the  deaths  in  the  Civil  War  and  the  ddminished  ImmiigTation  during  the 
decade. 

The  greatest  relative  excess  of  males  wais  in  1890,  when  in  each  10,000  people  there 
were   242  moj-e  males  than  females. 

By  1900  this  excess  had  decreased  to  216  in  10,000,  less  than,  the  relative  excess  in 
1890  and  1860,  but  greater  than  that  at  each  other  cenisus. 

In  continental  United  States  there  are  1,638,321  more  males  than  femiales,  or  about  two 
in  each  100  people. 

Probably  in  the  population  of  the  world,  as  a  whole,  and  certainly  in  that  half  of  it 
which  has  been  counted  with  distinction  of  sex,  there  ao-e  several  millions  moqre  males 
than  females. 

In  continental  United  States,  howeveo-,  the  relative  excess  of  males  is  greater  than  the 
average  for  all  countries. 

Europe  has  an  excess  of  females;  every,  other  continent,  so  far  as  known,  has  an  ex- 
ceiss  of  males. 

The  divisions  of  continental  United  States  with  the  smalleet  proportion  of  males  afe  ihe 
Disti-ict  of  Columbia  (47.4  per  cent.),  Massachusetts  (48.7  per  cent.),  and  Rhode  Island 
(49.1  pei-  cent.);  those  with  the  largest  are  Wyoming  (62.9  per  cent.),  and  Montana  (61,6 
per  cent.  •';.  ■ 

As  a  rule  sparsely  settled  regions  have  an  excess  of  males  and  densely  settled  regions 
an  excess  of  females. 

CITIES    HAVE    MORE    FEMALES    THAN   MALES. 

American  cities  as  a  rule  have  more  females  than  males.  In  the  1.8G1  cities,  each 
having  m  1900  at  least  2,500  Inhabutants,  there  were  201,959  more  females  than  males,  and 
this  notiwithstanding  the  many  western  cities  which  contained  more  males  than  females, 
and  the  enoj-mous  numiber  of  ifor&ign-born  in  the  country,  five-ninths  of  them  male,  and  a 
large  proportion  of  them  living  in  the  cities. 

This  tendency  of  Amer.can  cities  to  develop  a  population  having  a  majority  of  females 
had  increased  since  1890,  when,  in  the  1,490  cities,  each  having  at  least  2,500  inhiab'itants, 
Ithere  were  6,929  more  males  than  females. 

While  the  excess  of  6,929  males  in  American  cities  in  1890  became  an  excess  of  210,959 
females  in  American  cities  in  1900,  the  excess  of  1,519,559  males  in  country  districts  in 
1890  becaane  an  excess  of  1,840,280  males  In  1900. 

Or,  ^xfvressing  the  fiacts  -in  ratios,  of  each  1,000  inhabitants  of  such  cities  in  1890,  500 
were  males  and  in  1900,  497  were  males;  of  each  1,000  inhabitants  living  out.si.Je  the.=e 
cities  in  1890,  519  were  males,  and  in  1900  520  were  males.  The  difference  thus  in  the 
number  of  males  or  of  females  between  an  average  thousand  of  city  and  of  country  popu- 
lation in  1890  was  19,  and  in  1900,  23.  .^ 

WOMEN    LIVE    LONGER    THAN    MEN. 

Notwithstanding  the  great  excess  of  males  in  the  total  population  of  the  United 
States,  theae  are  two  periods  Oif  li?e  at  which  the  reported  number  of  females  Is  greater. 
Onie,  extending  from  about  eigtity-three  years  of  age  to  the  end  of  life,  is  probably  due 
mainly  to  the  longer  average  life  of  woman;  the  other,  from  s-ixteen  to  twenty-five,  is 
probably  apparent  rather  than  real,  and  due  mainly  to  the  greater  number  of  women  who 
claim,  erroneously,  to  belong  to  this  age  period. 

In  1900,  among  the  13,307,147  persons  attending  school,  499  in  'each  1.000  were  male 
and  501  female;  in  1S90,  in  the  same  class,  510  per  1,000  were  male  and  490  female. 

INCREASING  PROPORTION  OF  GIRLS  AMONG  SCHOOL  CHILDREN. 
In  all  races  and  in  all  parts  of  the  country  there  has  been  a  decided  increa.se  since  1890 
in  the  proportion  of  females  among  persons  att«nding  school.  This  increase  is  due  mainly 
to  the  increase  in  the  proportion  of  young  women  among  persons  at  leaist  fifteen  years  <it 
a^ge  attending  school,  the  increase  at  this  age  period  being  nearly  five  times  as  great  as  at 
any  other,  and  more  than  thi-ee  times  as  great  as  the  average  increaise  for  all  ages. 
DD.^TH    RATE    HIGHER    FOR    MALES    THAN    FEMALE.^. 

The  death  rate  of  maleis  in  the  registration  area  of  the  United  Statf-s  in  1900  was  19.0 
per  1,000,  and  that  of  females,  16.6  per  l,0<.tO,  tbe  former  having  a  death  nate  higther  by 
about  one-«eventh  than  the  latter.  In  the  346  registration  citie.s  the  death  rate  of  males 
was  20.0,  and  that  of  females  17.2  per  l.tKK),  the  male  'rate  exceedin,g  the  female  by  one- 
sixth.  In  the  rest  of  the  registration  area  the  male  death  rate  was  15.8  and  that  of  females 
15.0  per  1,000,  the  mate  rate  exceeding  the  female  by  ooe-nineteenth. 


Population  of  the   tlnited  States, 


625 


33opulatiou  Of  t!)c  sanitctr  ^tatr^, 

ACCORDING  TO  SEX.  NATIVITY.  AND  COLOR. 
(Compiled  from  the  Reports  of  the  Census  of  1900.) 


States  and 
Territobies. 


Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Hawaii ,...    

I daho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Territory 

i  k}  >V  at    >  ■■«••«•■■•••  •••■• 

Kansas. 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

ISIa.s.sachusetts 

Michi.gaa 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

INIissouri 

Montana .. 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

.Vew  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania  

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia ., 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total 


Males. 


Feuiales. 


N.itlve 
Born. 


91ti,764 

45,87 

71.795 

67  .312 

8-2(l.531 

29."),  332 

454,294 

94.158 

132,004 

275,246 

1,103,201 

106..3t)9 

93,.367 

2.472,782 

1,285,404 
208,952 

1,156,849 
768,716 

1,090,227 
694,733 
350.996 
589,275 

1,367,474 

1,248,905 
932,490 
781,451 

1,595,710 
149,842 
564,592 
25,603 
205,379 
941,760 
104,228 

3.614,780 
938,677 
177,493 

2,102,655 
214  359 
232,985 

3,204,541 

.  210..516 
664,895 
216  164 

1,021.224 

1,578,900 
141.687 
175.1.38 
925.8971 
304,178 
499,2421 

l,067,562i 
58,184] 

.39,059.242 


'ill, 933 

17,720 

51,136 

636,252 

664.522; 

244,368 

454,126 

90,577 

146,714 

253,296 

1,113,130 
47,632 
68,405 

2,348,7681 

1,231,058' 
183,108  j 

1,075.004 
701,779! 

1,056,9471 
686,8921 
343,471! 
598,769, 

1,437,872 

1,172,077 
818,9041 
769,819] 

1,.510,955 

93,4871 

501,7081 

16,732 

206.209' 

941,9091 

91,082' 

3,654,114 
955,1.33. 
141,853 

2,054,890; 
183,972; 
180,551! 

3,097,574 
218,040| 
675,421! 
185,4061 
999,392 

1.469,8101 
135,062 
lfr5,503 
928,287 
213,925 
459,558 

1,001,480 
34..347 


1,814,105 
50,931 
98.698 

1.297,275 

1,117,813 
448,545 
670,210 
170,925 
258,599 
5t)4,7lO 

2,203,928 


Foreign 
Born. 


137,168 
3,864,803 
2,374,341 

387,202 
1,925,933 
1,343,810 
2,096,925 
1,328,722 

601,136 
1,094,110 
1,959,(  2=? 
1.879,323 
1,246,076 
1,543,289 
2,890,286 

176,262 

88X,593 
32,242 

323,481 
1,451,785 

181  685 
5,368,469 
1,889.318 

206,055 
3,698,811 

382,651 

347,788 
5,316,865 

294,037 
1,334,788 

313,062 
2.002,870 
2,869,353 

222,972 

298,894 
1,834,723 

406,739 

936,349 

1,553,071 

75,116 


14,592 
12,661 

24.233 
14,289 

367,240 
91,155 

238,210 
13,810 
20,119 
23,832 
12.403 
90,780 
24,604 

966,747 

142,121 
4,8581 

305,9201 

126,685 
50,249 
52,903 
93,330 
93,934 

846,324 

541,653 

505,318 
7.981 

216.379 
67,067 

177,347 
10,093 
88,107 

431,884 

13,625 

1,900,425 

4,492 

113,091 

468,734 
15,680 
65,748 

985,250 

134.519 

5,528 

''8.508 

17,746 

179,357 
53,777 
44.747 
19,461 

111.364 
22.451 

515,971 
17.415 


37,244,145  65,843,302)10,460,085 


Whites. 

1,001,152 

30,507 

92,903 

944,580 

1.402.727 
529,046 
892,424 
1.53,977 
191,532 
297,3;« 

1,181,294 

66,890 

154,495 

4,734,873 

2,458,502 
302.680 

2,218,667 

1.416,.S19 

1,862,309 
729.612 
692.226 
952,424 

2,769,764 

2,398,563 

1,737,036 
641,200 

2.944,843 
226,283 

1,056,526 

35,405 

410,791 

1,812,317 
180,207 

7,156  881 

1,263,603 
311.712 

4,060.204 
367,524 
394.582 

6,141.664 
419.050 
557.807 
380.714 

1,540,186 

2,426,669 
272.465 
342.771 

1.192,855 
496,304 
915,233 

2,057.911 
89.051 


Negroes.* 


66  990,802 


827,307 

168 

1,848 

366  866 

11.045 

8,570 

15,226 

30,69 

86,702 

230.730 

1,034,813 

233 

293 

85,078 

57 .505 

36,853 

12.693 

52,003 

284,706 

650,804 

1.319 

235,064 

31,974 

15  816 

4,959 

907,630 

161,234 

1,523 

6,269 

134 

662 

69,844 

1,610 

99.232 

624,469 

286 

96.901 

18,831 

1.105 

1,56,845 

,  9.092 

782,321 

465 

480,243 

620,722 

672 

826 

660.722 

2,514 

43.499 

?,542 

940 


Chinese. 

Japanese. 

58 

3 

3,116 

265 

1,419 

281 

62 

45,753 

10,151 

599 

48 

599 

18 

51 

1 

455 

7 

120 

1 

204 

1 

25,767 

61111 

1,467 

1,291 

1,503 

80 

207 

5 

07 

•  •  •  a 

104 

7J 

39 

57 

599 

119 

544 

2,968 

240 

166 

237 

449 

1.739 

180 

1..352 

112 

1,393 

341 

7,170 

51 

32 
3 

31 
,397 
,927 
366 

67 
165 

75 
836 
572 

39 

243 

3,629 

56 
212 
461 


10 
1 


17 
4 
9 

53 
9 

51 
....  ^ 

2.441 
3 

228 

1 

52 

8 

354 

*"i48 
27 

*  2,501 
40 
13 

....  ^ 

4 

13 
417 

""lO 
5.617 

■*■■  5 

393 


Indiana.f 

177 

29,536 

26.480 

66 

15,377 

1,437 

153 

9 

22 

358 

19 

'4,226 

16 

243 

62,500 

382 

2,130 

102 

593 

798 

3 

587 

6.3.54 

9,182 

2,203 

130 

11,343 

3,322 

5,216 

22 

63 

13.144 

5.257 

5.687 

6,968 

42 

11.945- 

4.951 

1,639 

35 

121 

20,225 

108 

470 

2,623 

5 

354 

10,039 

12 

8,372 

l,6>i6 


8,840,789:  119,050i   85,986;  266,760 


Including  all  persons  of  negro  descent,    t  Including  Indians  taxed  and  not  taxed. 


TABLE  SHOWING    INCREASE   IN  REX.  NATIVITY     AND  COLOR  1890  TO  1900. 

Aggkkgates, 

Pkb< 

"EMT. 

1.VCHKA3K. 

1900. 

1890. 

1900. 

1890. 

Number. 

Per  Cent. 

Total  population 

76,303,387 

"39TT'59~i42" 
37,244.145 
65.843,302 
10.460.085 
66.1:90.802 
9,312.585 
56,740.739 

41.0537417 
15,687.322 

10,2.^0.063 

8,840,789 

119,050 

8").  986 

266, 760 

63,069,756 

'32T^315.7r63~ 
30.754.693 
53,761.665 
9.308.091 
55,166.184 
7.903,572 
46.030,105 

34,514,450 
11.515,655 

9.136.079 

7.488,788 

126. 778 

14.399 

273,607 

100,0 

100.0 

13,233,631 

21.0 

Males 

Females 

51  2 
48.8 
86  3 
13.7 
87.8 
12.2 
74.4 

51,2 

48,8 
85,2 
14  8 
87.5 
12.5 
73.0 

6.744,179 

6.489.452 
12,081,(37 

1,1-/1. 994 
11,824.618 

1,409.013 
10.710.634 

'^6.538,967 
4,171.667 

1.113,984 
1.352.001 

57,728 
71.587 
§6,847 

20,9 
21  1 

Native  born 

Foreign  born 

22.5 
12,4 

White 

Colored 

21,4 
17  8 

Native  whi  te 

23,3 

Native  parents. 

53.8 
20.6 

13.4 

11.6 

0  2 

0  1 

0.3 

54,7 

18.3 

14,5 
11,9 

0,2 

(II) 
0.4 

18  9 

Foreign  parents 

Foreign  white 

36,2 
12,2 

Negro 

18,1 

Chinese 

§6,1 

Japanese 

497.2 

Indian 

§2.5 

§  Decrease,    fl  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


626 


Population  of  the   United  States. 


J^opulatfon  of  tljc  ^auCtctr  .States^, 

DWELLINGS,  FAMILIES,  HOMES,   AND  DENSITY. 
(Compiled  from  the  Reports  of  the  Census  of  1900.) 


Total 
Dwellings. 

Total 
Families.* 

Homes. 

Dbnst 
Populj 

rY   OF 

States  and 

UlESBITOBIBS.                  , 

Owned  .f 

Hired. 

Unknown. 

ITION. 

Free.       ] 

Mortgaged. 

Unknown. 

1890. 
29.4 

'■■6.8 

21.3 

7.8 

4.0 

154.0 

86.0 

3,839.9 

;  7.2 

31.2 

■■■i.i 

68.3 
61.1 

5.8 
34.5 
17.5 
46.5 
24.6 
22.1 
105.7 
278.5 
36.5 
16.5 
27.8 
39.0 

1.0 
13.8 

0.4 

41.8 

193.8 

1.3 

126.1 

33.3 

2.7 
90.1 

2.0 

3.4 

116.9 

318.4 

38.2 

4.5 
42.3 

8.5 

2.6 
36.4 
41.3 

5.3 
31.0 
31.1 

0.6 

1900. 

362,295 

10.565 

28.763 

259.004 

313,217 

120,364 

159,677 

38,191 

49.385 

113,594 

436,153 

32,366 

36.487 

845,836 

552.495 

75.539 

468,682 

314,375 

413,974 

269,395 

148,507 

221.706 

451.362 

521,648 

317.037 

310,963 

593,528 

53,779 

213  972 

10.960 

86.635 

321.032 

44.903 

1,035,180 

360,491 

63,319 

857,636 

85,309 

87,52o 

1,236,23*^ 

67,81b 

259 .30i 

81,86? 

385,58^ 

575.734 

53.490 

75,021 

347.159 

106 .62i 

180.715 

398.017 

19,664 

374,766 
13,459 
29.875 
265,238 
341.781 
127,459 
203,424 
39,446 
66,678 
117.001 
455,557 
36,922 
37,491 
1,036,158 
671,513 
76,701 
480.878 
321.947 
437,054 
284,875 
163,344 
242,331 
613,659 
548,094 
342,658 
318.948 
654,333 
65,889 
220,947 
11,190 
97,902 
415,222 
46,355 
1,634,523 
370,072 
64,690 
944,433 
86,908 
91,214 
1,320,025 
94.179 
269.864 
83,536 
402.536 
589.291 
56,196 
81.462 
364,517 
113,08t 
186,291 
426,063 
20,116 

94.692 

7,190 

13.259 

95.510 

100,228 

39.000 

37,930 

7.759 

8,441 

40,810 

101,114 

6,172 

20,163 

273,594 

200,036 

17,809 

163,640 

116,784 

172,042 

64,861 

76,262 

58.577 

108,766 

191.863 

126,181 

73,159 

193,229 

23,656 

71.133 

5.636 

35,839 

61,755 

26,652 

277,767 

,  130,650 

33,409 

317,012 

50,246 

37,284 

326,687 

14.506 

57,138 

37,153 

146.763 

196,165 

31,344 

26.712 

133,836 

44,681 

77,972 

161,059 

7,779 

20,549 

22 

1,009 

16,469 

40,216 

12,923 

37,496 

8,115 

4,261 

5,469 

17,603 

438 

3,215 

161,616 

103,643 
463 

112,877 
61,504 
35,034 
12,204 
24.296 
27,108 
93,502 

128,939 
74,654 
23,517 

118,742 

3,398 

44,242 

543 

12,989 

69,804 

1  632 

230,870 
24,735 
13,710 

149,876 

6,532 

10.771 

174,920 
10,780 
13,994 
17,115 
20,995 
50,160 
4J92 
19,662 
26,530 
10.421 
14.831 

104,966 
1,078 

7,208 

'■i'049 

7,848 

6,550 
3,042 
1.429 
767 
296 
4,651 

10,950 
711 
992 

16,388 
8,605 
6,259 
6,243 
4,998 

11,066 
0,510 
2,979 
5,017 
3,859 
9,474 
7,354 
5,969 

10,273 
1,509 
5,330 
332 
1.765 
4.496 
1,939 

12,900 
9,837 
2.044 

15,204 
2,984 
2,119 

22,236 

723 

5,922 

2,51/ 

11.417 

15,608 
1.0»8 
1,377 

10,208 

2,102 

5,666 

7,985 

817 

231,180 
1,644 
10,545 
130.411 
162,275 
61,386 
119,094 
23,835 
40,753 
55,920 
291,447 
21,086 
9,218 
547.369 
242,588 
47,746 
183,053 
126,240 
204,009 
181,577 
55,028 
135,353 
379,696 
198,078 
118,034 
194,637 
307,492 
20.556 
90,711 
3,134 
42,840 
259,848 
13,118 
1,043  800 
188,162 
11,863 
431,301 
23,167 
33,745 
742,385 
64,362 
174.448 
22  610 
206,077 
299,312 
17,012 
31.014 
177,087 
45.113 
80,759 
137,009 
7,388 

17,;«l 
3,327 
1,955 
12,183 
15,421 
5,998 
4,691 
1,531 
1,714 
6,779 
29,598 
2,356 
2.231 
25,223 
12,201 
3,740 
10.897 
9,896 
12.077 
16.297 
4,023 
13,782 
19,050 
14.004 
11,061 
18.832 
17.136 
3,006 
6,574 
827 
3.101 
13,090 
3,169 
42,833 
•     14,181 
2,334 
21,781 
3,010 
3,626 
36,946 
2,364 
16.357 
2,896 
13.765 
20,810 
1,472 
1,794 
13,088 
4,854 
4,552 
9.308 
1,570 

35.5 

A  IflSlra                    .......a..** 

0.1 

Arizona ••••■>- 

1.1 

Arkansas 

(^  California ......••• 

24.7 
9.5 

On  1  f » rad  o        .•••■- 

5.2 

f 'nniipptirut     .   ....... 

187  5 

Delaware 

94  3 

District  of  Columbia. 
Florida 

4,645  3 
9.7 

Oeorefia 

37.6 

Hawaii   ■ 

23. d 

Idaho 

1.9 

Illinois     

86.1 

Indiana 

70.1 

Indian  Territory 

Iowa  ...•..••••••.•••.. 

12.6 
40.2 

Kansas 

KentMckv 

18.0 

63.7 

TiOni.siaua ..•.•••• 

80.4 

^liiiup         ••••••.•••••• 

23.2 

ISfarvland 

120.5 

Massachusetts 

Michigan  

348.9 
42.2 
22.1 

Mississiooi 

33.5 

INfissouri 

45.2 

Montana 

1.7 

Nphraska 

13.9 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

0.4 

45.7 

250.3 

Npw  "Mexico       

1.6 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

152.6 

39.0 

4.5 

102.0 

Oklahoma 

10.3 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

4.4 
140.1 
407.0 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

44.4 
5.2 

48.4 

Tsxa.s 

11.6 

Utah        

3.4 

Virginia 

37.6 
46.2 

Washington 

7.7 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin  

38.9 
38.0 

Wyoming 

0.9 

Total 

14,474,777 

1 16,239,797 

4.739,914 

2,180,229 

298,612 

8,246,747 

540,935 

21.2 

25.6 

*  The  average  size  of  families  was  4.7  persons  in  190O.against  5  in  1880  and  5.6  in  1850.  Of  the  15,963,965 
private  families  in  1900.  14,042,546  had  male  heads  and  1,921.419  female  h^ads. 

t<  »f  7.218,755  persons  owning  their  homes  in  1900,  6,064,848  were  native  whites,  1,730,970  were  foreign 
whites,  372,444  were  negroes,  48,219  were  Indians,  and  2,274  Chinese  and  Japanese. 

The  density  of  population  is  obtained  by  dividing  the  population  of  each  State  and  Territory  and 
of  the  United  "states  by  its  total  land  area  in  .square  miles  at  each  census.  In  computing  density  of 
population  lor  the  United  States,  the  areas  and  population  of  Alaska  and  Hawaii  in  1900.  of  Alaska 
m  1890,  and  of  Indian  Terrritorv  in  1860,  1870.  and  1880  are  not  considered.  The  area  of  Indian  reser- 
vations, outside  of  Indian  Territory,  is  included  in  the  area  of  the  states  and  Tfrritories  in  wbich  they 
are.severally  situated,  and  in  that  of  the  United  States,  prior  to  1890,  although  the  population  of  these 
Indian  reservations  was  not  ascertained, and,  for  this  reason, cannot  be  considered  in  figuring  density 
of  population  at  the  censuses  prior  to  1890. 

The  density  of  population  of  the  United  States,  exclusive  of  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  accordmg  to  the 
Censusof  1900,"is25.6— that  is,  there  were  in  the  United  States  in  1900,  on  the  average,  25.6  inhabitants  to 
the  .square  mile,  using  land  surface  only.  At  the  Census  of  1790  there  were  less  than  5  inhabitants  to 
the  square  mile,  so  that  the  density  of  the  population  of  the  country  has  increased  in  110  years  more 
than  fivefold,  although  the  land  area  of  the  country  in  1900,  exclusive  of  Alaska  aud  Hawaii,  was  more 
tba"  three  and  one-half  times  what  it  was  in  1790. 


JPopiilatioji  of  the   United  States. 


627 


J^opulatfon  of  tlje  SSniteTr  states* 

(Compiled  from  the  Reports  of  the  Census  of  1900.) 
POPULATION  ACCORDING  TO  AGE. 


Months. 


Under  I. 
I  to  2. . . 

3  to  5 

6  lo  8  ... 

9  to  11.    , 

Ybabs. 

I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6  

7 

8 

9 

10   

11 

12 

13 

14 


Number. 


Years. 


153.474^  15. 
332,330  i 16. 
496,121,117. 
476,031! 118. 
458,936   19. 

20. 

21. 


1,768,078  23. 
1,830,;«2  24. 
1,824,3121,25. 
1,831,014' |26. 
1.808,5691 127. 
1,832,613  i  28. 
1,782.918!  29. 
1,780.445' '30. 
1,669,578:  31. 
1,740,628' !32. 
1,583,131!  33. 
1,637..509  34. 
1,5.50,402  35. 
1,568,564' '36. 


umber. 

Years. 

1,53:^,018 

37 

1,561,503 

38 

1,489,146 

39 

1,534,070 

40 

1,438,352 

41 

1,531,494 

42 

1,426,849 

43 

1,485,923 

44 

1,436,297 

45 

1,454,453 

46 

1,476,860 

!47 

1,312,957 

148 

1,282.976 

49 

1,.3H,166 

'50 

1,145,482 

51 

1,46.5,256 

52 

9.56,575 

53 

1,102,117 

54 

1,030,812 

ao 

1  001.279 

56 

1,136,406 

57 

932  162 

»• 

Number. 

Ybara. 

Number. 

Yeabs. 

Number, 

899,682! 
1,037,433 

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69 

70 

71 

!72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

380,233 
648,144 
287,645: 
331  ,.577 1 
323.026 
300,971 
354,279 
265,241 

81 

82 

49,725 

44,826 

959,098 

83 

35,944 

1,196,762 

84 

32,133 

733,459; 

85 

29,022 

844,453 

86 

19,695 

738,418 

87 

16,741 

734,074' 

88 

13,189 

880,796 

249,924 
225,985 
207,497 

89 

9,9.">3 

651 ,391  j 
632,-388  i 

90 

91 

11,401 
4,382 

663,877 

273,449 
152  639! 
171  447! 

92 

3,627 

626.160 

93 

2,592 

862,051 

94 

1,990 

510,652' 

148,699 
137,607 
155,236 
110,605 

95 

2,293 

572,186, 

96 

1,291 

495,521 

.97 

895 

502,419 

'98 

1,021 

569,826 

93,510 

86,687! 
73,819 

88,884' 

99..  .      ...... 

76(5 

464,794 
399,636 
396,683 

100 and  over... 

All  Jiges 

Age  unknown 

3,504 
75,994,575 

200,584 

POPULATION  ACCORDING  TO  CONJUGAL  CONDITION. 


Sex  ANn  Conjugal 
Condition. 

Number. 

Per 
Cent. 

100.0 

57.9 

36.5 

5.1 

0.3 

0.2 

Skx  and  Conjugal 
Condition. 

Number. 

Per 

Cent. 

100.0 

60.6 

35  9 

3.0 

0.2 

0.3 

Skx  and  Conjugal 
Condition. 

Number. 

Per 

Cent. 

Botli  .sexes 

76,303,387 

44,187  1.55 

27,849,761 

3,903,857 

199,868 

162,746 

Males 

39,0.59,242 

23,666.836 

14,003.798 

1,182,293 

84,903 

121.412 

Females 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced..... . 

Unknown 

37,244,145 

20,520,319 

13,845,963 

2,721,564 

114,965 

41,334 

100.0 

Sinerle 

Single 

~55Ti 

MarrieJ. 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Unknown 

Married 

"Widowed 

Divorced  

Unknown 

87.2 
7.3 
0.3 
0.1 

NoTK. —The  figures  relating  to  conjugal  condition  are  not  absolute,  as  the  statementsastotho.se 
married  and  unmarried  are  apt  to  be  incorrectly  reported,  par»lj'  through  unintentional  misstatement 
and  partly  through  a  desire  to  conceal  the  facts.  For  mstauce,  an  incorrect  return  may  be  made 
through  lack  of  knowledge,  in  the  case  of  boarders  and  lodgers  (particularly  men)  who  are  reported 
as  single  when  in  fact  they  are  or  have  been  married;  or  from  motives  of  concealment,  in  the  case  of 
divorced  persons  who  report  themselves  as  single,  of  couples  who  have  separated  but  are  not  legally 
divorced,  or  of  persons  who  are  not  lawfully  married. 


POPULATION  ACCORDING  TO  ILLITERACY. 


Gbnebal  NATivrrY 

AND  COLOB. 

Aggre- 
gate. 

Can  Read 
BUT  Can- 
not Write. 

Can  Nefthbr 

Kkao  Nor 
Writk. 

Oenebal  Nativity 

AND  CoLOB. 

Aggre- 
gate. 

Can  Read 

but  Can- 
not Write. 

Can  Neitheb 

Read  Nob 

Wbitb. 

Number. 

Per 
C't 

15.6 
20.2 
23.3 
'^3  6 

Number. 

Per 

C't 

84.5 
79.8 
76.7 
76.4 
80.3 
84.4 

Numbi^r. 

Per 

C't 

10.4 

10.7 
4.0 
3.1 
2.5 

Number. 

Per 

C't 

Aggregate 

White  (total).... 
Native  white... 
Native  parents 
For'gn  parents 
Foreign  white. 

6,180,069 
3  200,746 
1,913,611 
1,7.34,764 
178,847 
1,287,135 

955  843 
645,959 
445,263 
410,013 
35,250 
200,696 

5,224,226 
2,554,787 
1.468.348 
1.324,751 
143,597 
1,086,439 

Colored  (total)... 
Persons  of 

negro  descent 
Chinese 

2,979,323 

2,853,194 

25.396 

4.386 

96,347 

309,884 

306,303 

1,024 

137 

2,420 

2.669,439 

2,546.891 

24  372 

4,249 

93,927 

89.6 

89.3 
96  0 

19.7 
15.6 

Japanese 

Indian  . , 

96.9 
97.5 

These  returns  do  not  apply  to  the  literacy  of  persons  of  less  than  ten  years  of  age. 
For  enumeration  of  Illiterates  by  States,  see  table  of  "  Population  According  to  School  Age  and 
Voting  Age. ' '  

POPULATION  WHICH  CANNOT  SPEAK  ENGLISH. 


General  NATrviTY 

Both  Srxks. 

Males. 

Femalks. 

Genebal  Nativity 
AND  Color. 

Both  Sexes. 

Males. 

Females. 

and  Colob. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

C't 

4.6 

86.7 

3  4 

Num 
ber. 

28,164 

f,3,982 

rfl,191 

Per 
C't 

4.2 
4.6 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
C't 

5  II 

89.1 

0.3 

Num- 
ber, 

14,843 
72,.583 

Per 
Cent 

1.1 
5.2 

100.0 

Num- 
b.r. 

14,448 
32,:;09 

Per 
Cent 

2.2 
4.8 

100.0 

Num- 
ber. 

395 
40,274 

73.''.,118 

Per 
Cent 

Native  white— for- 
eign parents 

Foreign  white 

Chinese 

65,008 

1,217,280 

33,498 

36,844 

6,^3,298 

2,307 

'Japanese 

;  Indian 

1     Aggregate 

0.1 
5.6 

1,403,212 

670,094 

100.0 

These  returns  embrace  only  pei-sons  of  ten  years  of  age  and  over. 


628 


Population  of  the   United  States. 


jpopulatfon  of  t!)e  5anitetr  states, 

ACXJORDING  TO  SCHOOL  AGE  AND  VOTING  AGE. 
(Compiled  from  the  Reports  of  the  Census  of  1900.) 


States  and 
TbkbitoriOs. 


Alabaoia 

Alaska  ...• • 

Arizona. 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

ConuecticiU 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Hawaii 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Territory 

Iowa 

Kansas .. 

Kentucky .. 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

^lassachusetts .. 

Michigan.. ., 

Minnesota  

Mississippi 

Missouri 

^Montana 

Nebra.ska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota  ....... 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon.... 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

X  (7 Aclo •  •••••••  ••••■•  .  .. 

Utah. 

Vermont 

Virginia  

Wasliington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming. 


schooi,  a<3k, 
Five  to  TwiiNtv  Vkars. 


Total. 


Whites.    Negroes,  t 


73;i.22'2 

11,408 

38,868 

529,375 

420.081 

160,531 

257.101 

59,635 

77,291 

197,600 

885,726 

33,774 

M,964 

1,589,915 
843,885 
159,126 
767,870 
527,560 
798,027 
538,267 
199,153 
403,026 
778,110 
790,275 
612,990 
633.026 

1,105,258 

65,871 

386,384 

11,399 

110,895 

572,923 

69,712 

2,146,764 
753,826 
112,789 

1,338,345 
147,656 
1.32,887 

2,031,171 
124,646 
560,773 
147,165 
780,421 

1,215,634 
106,513 
98.614 
704,771 
1.t8,245 
356,471 
730,685 
27.500 


394,152 

1,718 

28,371 

380,815 

405,868 

157.752 

252,760 

48,782 

.51.212 

110. .=537 

457, 958 I 

23,827 

53,261 1 

1,565,606' 
825  ,.394 
121,420 
76.3,785 
507,611 
693,455 
276, .563 
198,519 
318,052 
769,710 
783.220 
608,547 
253  153 

1,049.414 

61,032 

383,229 

9,703 

110,708 

553,230 

64,1.37 

2,119,156 
490,782 
110,193 

l,,308,510 
135,960 
1^9,875 

1.986,430 
122,223 
218,323 
140,461 
589,451 
955,906 
1(15,378 
98,357 
4.35,612 
153.180 
341.637 
726,950 
26.607 


VoTlNti  Age, 


338,980 

10 

365 

148,534 

3,225 

2,043 

4.272 

10,849 

26,l>46 

86,908 

4^7,741 

79 

69 

24,238 

18,389 

14,88.. 

3,912 

18.878 

104,512 

261,453 

369 

84,946 

7,996 

4,814 

1,063 

378,923 

55,767 

289 

1,781 

18 

17: 

19,585 

401 

25,476 

260,755 

97 

2^,804 

7,106 

201 

43,394 

2,403 

342,401 

134 

190.925 

259,491 

136 

255 

268,962 

528 

14,823 

661 

215 


N.-ifive 
Born. 


413,862 
37,956 

44,081 
313,836 
544,08 
185,708 
280,340 

54,018 

83,823 
139,601 
500,752, 

79,607 

53,932 

1,401,456 

720,206 

97  ,.361 
635,298 
413,786 
543.996 
325  943 
217,663 
321.903 
843,465 
719,478 
506,794 
349,177 
856,681 
101,9.31 
301.091 

17,710 
130.987 
655,608 

55,067 

2.184,965 

417,578 

95,217 
1,212,223 
109,191 
144,446 
1,817,239 
127,144 
283,,325 
112,681 
487,380 
737.768 

67.1721 
108,3.56 
447,815 
195.572 
247,970 
570.715 

37,898 


405.598 
26,489 

30  ,.306 
305,464 
318,817 
1.3;i,935 
173,248 

47,202 

73,722 
127,865 
493,740 

13,064 

38,185 
932,574 
646.889 

94,;^61 
477,273 
»  346,761 
•518,772 
299,772 
178,931 
279J216. 
49.5.734 
457,3531 
245,768 
344,151 
743,659 

58,237 
209,961 

10.523 

96,099 
357,447 

47,482! 

1,346,829 

415,048 

39,344 

985,969 

100  ..528 

101.923 

1,330,099 

72,820 
280,221 

67,079 
477.739 
650,.599' 

41,939| 

87.465 
436.3891 
12fi.l90 
235.036 
313  188 

26.563 


Whitea.   NejToes.  +  Illiteratea 


Total* 26,110,788  22,490,211  3,500,194  21,329  819  16,227,285  5,102.534  19,036,143  2,065,989  2,326,295 


8,264 

11,467 

13.775 

8,,372 

225,270 
51,773 

107,092 
6,816 
10.101 
11.736 
7,012 
66,543 
15,747 

468,882 

73,317 

3,000 

158.025 
67,025 
25.224 
26.171 
38,7.32 
42.687 

347.731 

262.125 

261,026 
5,026 

113,025 

43.694 

91.130 

7,187 

34.888 

198,161 
7,585 

838.136 

2,530 

55.873 

226,254 

8,663 

42,.523 

487,140 
54.324 
3,104 
45,602 
9,641 
87,169 
25,233 
20.891 
11,426 
69,382 
12,934 

257,527 
11,-335 


232,294 
25,953 
34,911 

226  ,.597 
489,545 
181,616 
275,126 

45  ,.592 

60,318 

77,962 
277.496 

19,576 

50,328 

1,370,209 

701,761 

77,865 
630.665 
398.-552 
469,206 
177,8 
216,856 
260,979 
830,049 
712,245 
502,-384 
150,530 
809,797 

94,873 
297,817 

14,652 
130,648 
532.750 

50.804 

2,145.057 

289,263 

9i-  237 
1,180,599 
101,543 
131,261 
1,763,482 
124  001 
130,375 
107,353 
375,046 
599,961 

65,205 
108,027 
301,379 
183.999 
233.129 
567.213 

36.262 


181,471 
141 

1.084 

87,157 

3,711 

3,215 

4.576 

8,374 

2.3,072 

61,417 

223,073 

93 

130 

29,762 

18,186 

9,146 

4,441 

14,695 

74,728 

147,348 

445 

60,406 

10,-156 

5.193 

2.168 

197,936 

46,418 

711 

2,298 

70 

230 

21.474 

775 

31,425 

127,114 

115 

31,235 

4,827 

560 

81,668 

2,765 

152,860 

184 

112.236 

136,875 

.358 

289 

146.122 

1.230 

14.786 

1,006 

48;. 


139.649 

10,735 

10,533 

62,615 

33,508 

7,689 

-8,984 

7,538 

7,053 

30,849 

158,247 

27,363 

2,936 

67,481 

40,016 

15,482 

17,061 

14,214 

102,528 

122,638 

13,952 

40.352 

53,694 

39,230 

20,785 

118,057 

60,327 

5,900 

7.388 

2,271 

10.295 

38,305 

15,583 

1.30,004 

122,658 

5.158 

58,698 

6,479 

6,978 

139,982 

11,675 

99,516 

5,442 

105,851 

113,783 

2,470 

8,544 

113,-353 

6,635 

32.(t66 

31,136 

1,636 


*  Including  all  persons  in  the  military  and  naval  service  of  the  United  States,  t  Including  all  per- 
sons of  negro  descent. 

The  whole  number  of  persons  of  school  age— that  is,  from  5  to  20  years  of  age,  inclusive— in  1900  is 
26.110,788,  of  whom  21,573,492  are  from  5  to  17  years  of  age  and  4,537,296  from  18  to  'iO  years  of 
age.  These  figures  include,  however,  217.523  persons  of  school  age  reported  in  Ala.ska,  Hawaii, 
Indian  Territory,  and  on  Indian  reservations.  Eliminating  the  latter  from  the  account  there  are 
nati%'eborn.  24.i689,118,  foreign  born,  1.204,147;  native  white  (native  parents).  14,775.476;  native 
white  (foreign  parents).  6  371.221;  foreign  white.  1.193,443;  colored,  3,553,126;  persons  of  negro 
descent,  3. 4.S5. 188;  males,  12.972,994;  females,  12.920.271. 

The  number  of  males  of  voting  age  is  21,329.819,  of  which  there  are  nativ-e  born,  16,227,285; 
foreign  born,  5. 102.534;  native  white  (native  parents),  10,6;i6.898  ;  native  white  (foreign  parents), 
3,466,721  ;  foreign  while,  4,932,524  ;  colored.  2,293,676  ;  persons  of  negro  descent,  2,065.589. 

The  ratio  of  population  to  males  of  voting  age  in  the  entire  countr.v  is3. 6.  This  ratio  varies, 
however,  for  the  several  elements  of  the  popuTatioa,the  ratio  of  negro  population  to  negro  males 
of  voting  age  being  4.  3. 

Are.4.— According  to  the  (Census  of  1900,  the  largest  countv  in  the  United  States  is  Custer  Ck)unty, 
Montana,  which  has  20, 490  square  miles,  fhe  smallest  is  Bxistol  (Jounty,  Rhode  Island,  which  has 
25  square  miles. 


Population  of  the   Uinted  States. 


629 


population  of  tt)e  SJnitctr  .States. 

(Compiled  from  the  Reports  of  the  Census  of  1900.) 
FOREIGN    POPULATION    ACCORDING    TO    COUNTRY    OF    BIRTH. 


Africa 

Asia* 

Atlantic  islands 

Australia 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bohemia 

Canada  (English)t. 
Canada  ( French)!  . 
Central  America.... 

China 

Cuba.... 

Denmark 

England 

EuropeJ 

Finland  .. 


2,577 

11,927 

10,955 

7,041 

276. 702 

29.848 

156.999 

787.798 

395, 427 

3,911 

106. 659 

11,159 

154,616 

843, 491 

2,  272 

63,440 


France 

Germany 

Greece 

Holland 

Hungary 

India 

Ireland 

Italy 

Japan  

Luxembourg 

Mexico 

Norway 

Pacific  islands? 

Poland  (  Austrian). 
Poland  ((German).. 
Poland  (Russian).. 


104.534 

2,669.164 

8.655 

105,098 

145. 815 

2,069 

1,619.469 

484,703 

81, 590 

3,042 

103,445 

338,426 

2,659 

58,503 

150. 232 

154.424 


Poland  (unknown). 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia 

Scotland 

South  America  . . . . 

Hpain 

Sweden..* 

Switzerland 

Turkey  

Wales 

West  Indiesll 

Other  countries.... 
Bora  at  sea 


20,436 
37,144 

15,043 

424.372 

234.699 

4,814 

7,284 

574.625 

115.959 

9, 949 

93.744 

14,468 

2,587 

8.310 


Total  foreign  born.  10,460,0^5 


"Except  China,  Japin,  and  India. 
JE-xcept  Cnbaauil  Porto  Hico. 


fincludes  Newfoundland.        JNot  otherwise  specified.        JExcept  Philipidne  Islands. 


POPULATION    OF    FOREIGN    PARENTAGE. 


SPKcrFIKD 

CorrnTuiKS. 

Total. 

Having  Both 

I'ar.-nts 

Born  as 

Specified. 

Having  One 
Parent  Born 
a-s  Sfieclfied 

and  One 
Parent 

Native, 

Specifiko 
coustkies. 

Total. 

Having  Both 

Part-nts 

Born  as 

S)<ecified. 

Having  One 

Parent  B^iu 

as  Specifird 

and  One 

Parent 

Native. 

Austria 

434,728 
356,865 

1.319,141 
812,621 
308,488 

2,146,271 
267.257 

7.832,681 
216,402 

A  QSl  047 

408,195 
325,400 
683,440 
635,972 
266,752 

1,364,159 
171,347 

6,244,799 

210,307 
A  (^t\^  AiKi 

26,533 

31,465 
635,701 
176,649 

41,736 
782,112 

95.910 

1,587  882 

6,095 

979,586 

25,823 
103,736 

Poland 

Russia 

Scotland 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Wales 

Other  countries. 

687,711 
685,360 
623,350 

1,084,842 
2.56,278 
246,596 

1,079,366 

668,536 
669,810 
421,192 
998,538 
187,924 
173,416 
912,055 

1  340,678 

21,074,679 

19.175 

Bohemia 

Canada,  English 
Canada,  French. 

Denmark 

England 

France 

15,550 
202,1.58 
86,304 
67,354 
73,180 
167,311 

Oermanj' 

Hungary 

|Of     mixed    for- 
eign parentage 

All  classes 

1,340,678 

J  reianu 

Italv ; 

732,421i       706..598 

26,198,939 

5,124,260 

Norway 

787.836 

684,100 

1 

These  returns  embrace  persons  born  in  foreign  countries  as  well  as  native  born  persons  having 
one  or  both  parents  born  in  foreign  countries. 


NUMBER    OF    INHABITANTS    JUNE    1,    1900,    TO    EACH    VOTE    CASt 

NOVEMBER    6,    1900. 


Salt  Lake  City ,Utah.2. 73 

Davton,  Ohio 3.79 

Albany,  N.Y 3.82 

Columbus,  Ohio..   .  3.89 
Grand  Raplds.Mich  4.03 


Rochester.  N.Y....  4.60 

St.  Louis,   Mo 4.60 

Toledo,  Ohio 4.64 


Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Syracuse,  N.Y 

Camden,  N.J 

Kansas  (^ity,  Mo. . 
Des  Moines,  Iowa., 
Utica.  N.  Y. 


New  Haven,  C't. 

Kansas  City,  Kan. 

4.221  Elizabeth,  N.J... . 

4.29  Milwaukee.  Wis.. 

4.30  Omalia,  Neb 

4.33  Cleveland,  Ohio... 

4.35  Louisville,  Ky 

4.36  NewarK,  N.J. 


Buffsilo,  N.  Y 

Minneapolis^Minn. 

Hartford,  Ct 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Philadelphia.  Pa... 

New  York,  NY... 

Manchester,  N.  H.. 

4.94jHoboken,N.J 

4.95  Springfield.  Mass., 


4.72 
4.75 
4.00 
4.90 


4.95 
4.97 
4.99 
5.06 
5.11 


Trenton,  N.J 4.37|  Paterson,  N.J 

Baltimore,  Md 4.50!  Jersey  City.  N.J... 

Wilmington,  Del..  4.571  Bridgeport, Ct 

Chicago,  111 4. 58i  Detroit,  Mich 5.16 

This  table  shows  how  very  wide  of  the  mark  in  nearly  all  of  these  ci 
population  made  by  multipl.ving  the  Vote  cast  by  any  single  ratio,  and 
a  city's  population  is  without  foundation. 


Duluth.Minn. 

Lj'un,  ilass 

Portland,  Me 

Seattle,  Wash 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

Worcester,  Ma.ss. . 


5.17 
5.24 
5.27 
5.42 
5.51 
6.66 
5.84 
5.92 
6.14 
6  15 
6  22 
6.30 
6.30 
6.40 
6. 50 


Boston,  Mass 6.70 

Lawrence,  Mass...  6.75 

Portland,  Ore 7. 11 

Lowell,  Mass 7.14 

St.  Joseph.  Mo 7.71 

Somerville.Miiss. . .  7.88 
Providence.  R.I....  7.99 
Cambridge,  Mass.. .  8.09 

Richmond.  Va 8.57 

New  Bedford, Mass  8  92 
Fall  River.  Mass...  9.27 
New  OHeans,  La. .  .12.64 

Savannah,  Ga 16.18 

Atlanta,  Ga 17.61 


ties  would  be  an  estimate  of  the 
that  this  method  of  estimating 


DISTRIBUTION    OF    POPULATION    BY    TOPOGRAPHIC    DIVISIONS. 


Appalachian  valley.....   4,499,072 
Coastal    plain    (west   of 
Mississippi  River) 1.974.877 


Great  plains 1,().=)2,719 

Paci flc  val  1  ey 99.j,:",6.3 

Rocky  Mountain 592,972 


Prairie  region 1:^,-300,970 

New  England  hills 10,260,153 

Lake  region 9.571,215  _  . 

Interior  timbered  region   8,129,760  Co:ist  lowlands 1,865,952  (4 reat  basin 37o,345 

Piedmont  region 6,809,103!  Mississippi   alluvial    re-  |  Columbian  mesas 356,7.58 

Coastal    plain    (east    of  gion 1,237,094  Plateau  region 201,669 

Mississippi  River) 6,427.«v55'Ozark  bills 1,20.3.8801  '^ — ■ 

Allegheny  plateau 6,070,246  Coa.st  ranges 1,079,992'     Continental  U.  S 75,994,575 

This  table  shows  that  the  Prairie  region  and  the  New  England  hills  include  over  three-tenths 
(31  per  cent), and  with  the  Lake  region  and  the  Interior  timbered  region  over  one- half  (54.3  per  cent.) 
of  the  population  of  the  country. 


630 


Negro  Population  of  the   United  States. 


TSTcijro  i^opulatiou  of  tlje  SInttctr  <Statc«5* 

COMPILED  FRO^E   BULLETIN  NO.  8  OF  THE    BUREAU  OF    THE  CENSUS. 
(For  uegro  population  of  the  United  States  by  States  in  1900,  see  i>«ge  397.) 


£fl    -^.S 

1    t 

•^    3 

Sd 

«.2 

i  ° 

^  3 

i-i 

n  9 

£.2    ?- 

•^3     "t:!  "  "S 

i;  a. 
~  p    . 

^  ~*  ^ 

-  o. 
~  —  :5 

t^=«  2 

£2 
bet; 

5a. 

—  ..^  ^ 

2  0, 

°<1 

s>i<*j  2 

.^  <=  =^ 

o  ^ 

<-i  m  -r 

k;  3 

—  ts  s 

OOJ 

C  "» 

States  and 

=5  5  = 

*  S'  . 

o  m'"- 

O  £  6t 

States  a^d 

^  a. 

o  —  5 

°5« 

^  ii" 

^^-^ 

Tkkritoriks. 

a  I- '2 

Uerritories. 

5  ^ 
^  P 

■in 

^=^.5 

025 

i.~*      I.  M 

>•   V    - 

I-  **  — 

■-r^ 

k.   be 

■-so 

1.2S 

■Zs   ^2 

£o^ 

»  CO 

^3 

^2^ 

S>  o 

*  *  i, 

£:^ 

(£2'^ 

Alal'Ama 

4.1.2,     09.4 
01.5       t 

11.4 
31.3 

57.4 
12.7 

69.1 
19.2 

41.4 

Xebr;i.ska 

Nev:id:i 

(iO.6 
00.3 

00.1 

% 

31.7 

11.8 

19.1 

85.5 

Arizona., 

Arkansas..       

28.0       04.2 
no."!       00.1 

01.6  00.1 

01.7  (1(1.2 

12.8 
42.2 
34.7 
25.0 

43.0 
13.4 
13.0 
11.5 

53.6 
26.5 
17.fi 
15.3 

54.4 

S6.2 
86.5 

New  H:  mpsliire 

New  .Terspy.   

00.2 
i:3.7 
00.8 
01.4 

t 

00.8 

% 
01.1 

V5.I 

50.4 
21.7 

11.9 

17.2 
19.1 
10.8 

22.5 
28.1 
45. s 
17.1 

Calif'>rn:a 

76.7 

C  lorado   

78.4 

Conn^ctiiUt 

86.6 

N.w  Y..rk 

82.5 

Delaware.. 

16. ti         A0.8 

12.5 

26.2 

38.1 
24.3 

4H.5 
35.0 

62.4 
80.5 

North  Carolina 

North   Dakota 

33.0 
00.1 

o:.i 

-t 

13.S 

47.6 

60.1 

55.1 

Pi:<t.  of  Culumbia. . . 

:{l.l 

01.0 

FlorMa 

43.7 

46.7 

02.6 
11.7 

11.9 
09.'.* 

38.4 
52.4 

.=.0.5 
67.3 

62.4 
45.6 

Ohio 

02..-: 
04.7 

01.1 
00. '.i 

4V.5 
27.5 

17.8 
26.0 

25.4 
39.0 

88.5 

Georgia 

Oklahom.i 

76.8 

Idalio 

0(1.2 

t 

Oregon 

00.:; 

t 

5:;.0 

08.8 

17.1 

01.8 
02.3 
09.4 

01.0 
00.6 
00.4 

29.3 
30.2 

18.1 
22.6 

42.8 

26.8 
32.3 

79.4 

88.4 
35.7 

Peiinsylvan  a 

Uho,le    Islaiiil 

South  Carol in.i 

02.-, 
02.1 

5H.4 

01.8 
00.1 

08.9 

23.9 
27.0 
09.7 

l.s.l 
14.1 
62.8 

23.2 
ix.l 
64.1 

80.S 

Indiana.          

90.5 

Indian  Territory 

44.7 

low.i 

00.6 
03.5 
13.3 
47.1 
00.2 
19.8 
01.1 
00.7 

00.1 
00.6 
03.2 
07.4 

t 

02.7 
00.4 
00.2 

29.8 
26.5 
1!1.4 
16.3 
57.4 
15.9 
36.3 
53.8 

18.5 
22.3 
40.1 
61.1 
14.2 
3.=..! 
10.7 
10.9 

26.1 
32.8 
55.9 
72.1 
15.9 
50.1 
14.3 
18.9 

80.4 
86.5 
68.1 
34.7 
77.9 
63..=. 
89.3 
89..=. 

Soutli    Dakota 

Tennessee 

00.1 
23.8 
20. 1 
(  0.2 
0O.2 
.35.6 
00.. S 
04.5 

t 

05.4 
07.0 

X 
t 
07..=. 

X 
00.5 

17.3 
13.5 

19.3 
.34.8 
2S.6 

41.6 

.'i8.2 
06.3 
14.6 
44.6 
11.6 
32.3 

54.2 
52.5 
26. H 
20.4 
67.2 
17.7 
44.5 

Kansas         

'5'6.5 

Kentuck  v 

Texas  

Utah 

67.6 

MarvlHnil. 

Virgiui.i 

57.2 

84.4 

Michigan 

West  Virginia 

67.6 

00.3 
58..S 
05.2 

00  r. 

00.1 
10.3 
01.8 

t    ■ 

46.2 
11.5 
23.6 

'.'7  1 

07.9 
49.1 
28.1 
11.4 

12.1 

60.8 
41.7 

11  (1 

83.7 
52.5 
73.3 

00.1 
01.0 

\ 

58.8 

11.4 
17.2 

20.(1 
17.8 

81.3 

Mississinni. 

Wvoinin"'   

1 

!     Total  V.  S 

11.'; 

10(1.0 

15.2 

44.5 

57..=. 

63.8 

*  No  enuinoration  of  miilattoes  was  taken  in  1900.  The  returns  of  1890  include  qnarlronns  and 
octoroons,  t  The  whole  United  States  being  100  per  cent.,  the  ratios  show  what  proportion  of  the 
whole  resides  in  each  specified  State,    t  Le.ss  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  cent. 

The  ten  counties  in  the  United  States  having  tiie  largest  negr<i  pojinlation  are,  in  percentages, 
Isaquena,  Miss.,  94.0;  Tensas,  La.,  93.5;  Madison,  La.,  9'2.7:  East  Carroll,  La.,  91 .0;  Beaufort,  s.  C, 
90.5;  Tunica,  Miss.,  90.5;  Washington,  Miss.,  89.7;  Coahoma,  Miss.,  88.2;  Leflore,  Mi.ss.,  88.2; 
Bolivar,  Miss.,  88.1. 

The  negro  population  of  cities  having  the  largest  number  of  negroes  in  1900  was  :  "Washington, 
D.C.,  86,702;  Baltimore,  Md.,  79,258;  New  Orleans,  La.,  77,714:  Philadelphia,  Ta.,  62,613;  New 
York Citv, 60,666;  Mempiiis,  Tenn.,  49,910;  LouisviUe,  Kv.,  39,139;  Atlanta,  Ga.,  35,727;  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  35,516;  Richmond,  Va.,  32,230;  Charleston,  S.  C,  31,522;  Chicago,  111.,  30,150;  Na.shville,  Tenn., 
30,044;  Savannah,  Ga.,  28,090. 

More  than  three-fourths  (77.3  per  cent.)  of  the  negroes  live  in  the  country  districts. 

Illiteracy  among  negroes  is  about  seven  times  as  common  as  among  whites. 

There  are  3,992,337  negroes  in  Continental  United  States  engaged  in  gainful  occupations. 

The  death  rate  of  negroes  in  the  registration  area  in  1900  was  30.2  per  cent. ;  that  of  whites  in  the 
same  area  was  17.3  per  cent, 

Tiie  proportion  of  negro  children  to  negro  women  15  to  49  years  of  age  was  largest  in  18P0  and 
smallest  in  1900.  There  has  been  uniformly  a  larger  proportion  of  negro  children  than  of  white 
children.  That  difference  more  than  doubled  between  1860  and  1880,  but  in  1900  it  was  le.ss  than 
half  what  it  was  in  1880  and  less  than  at  any  other  census  except  1860. 

Tliough  the  negroes  have  a  larger  proportion  of  children  than  the  whites,  it  has  been  noticed  that 
the  whites  of  the  South  have  a  larger  proportion  than  the  whites  in  other  sections  of  the  country. 

At  the  two  censuses  preceding  the  Civil  War,  the  proportion  of  children  for  the  two  races  at 
the  South  was  substantially  the  same.  The  immediate  effect  of  the  Civil  War  and  Reconstruction,  if 
the  figures  of  1870  mav  be  trusted  to  that  extent,  was  to  reduce  the  proportion  of. children  among 
.Southern  whites  by  about  one-eighth,  and  among  negroes  by  about  one  twenty-fifth.  The  following 
decade  saw  an  increase  in  the  proportion  for  each  race,  but  as  the  decrease  among  the  negroes  1860  to 
18.0,  has  been  less,  so  was  the  increase,  1870  to  1880,  greater.  But  between  1880  and  1900  there 
was  a  decrease  of  160  in  the  number  of  negro  children  at  the  South  to  1,000  negro  women,  and  a 
decreaseof  only  75  white  children  to  1,000  white  women.  As  a  result,  in  1900  there  were  for  the 
first  time  more  white  children  than  negro  children  at  the  South  to  1,000  women. 


NEGRO  SLAVES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1790. 


New  Hampshire,  158;  Vermont,  17;  Rhode  Island,  952; 
New  Jersev,  11,423;  IViinsvlvania,  3,737;  Delaware,  8,887; 
North  Carolina,  100,572;  South  Carolina,  107,097;  Georgia, 
11,830.   Total  slaves,  697,897.    Total  population,  3,929,214. 


Connecticut,  2,759;  New  York,  21,324; 
Marvland,  103,036;  Virginia,  293,427; 
29,264;    Tennessee,  3,417;    Kentucky, 


Voting  Population  of  the   United  States. 


681 


J3rescnt  population  of  tf)c  ^Unftcti  <Statrs* 

(Januakv  1,  190S.  ) 

ACCORDING    TO    ESTIMATES    MADE    FOR     THE    WORLD     ALMANAC     BY    THE 
GOVERNORS    OF    THE    STATES    AND    TERRITORIES. 

The  Governors  were  requested  to  make  estimates  of  the  present  population  of  their  respective 
States  aud  Territories  for  the  Thk  World  Almanac  for  1908.  Wliere  the  executives  failed  to  re- 
spond in  time  the  estimates  were  made  by  other  State  officials,  as  indicated  in  the  table. 


States  andTkrritobies. 


Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizuiia 

Arkauisas 

Caliloi-iiia 

Colorado 

(joiiiu-elicut  

Delaware 

District  ot'C'oiiiinbia. . 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

llliiioi.s 

Indiana 

Iowa 

K.an»«as 

Kentnclty 

I>OIli^)iana 

Maine 

Maryland 

l>laN!^acliusett.s 

l>Iieliig!in 

Minnesota 

L>Iississippl 

Ulssonri 


Estimated 
Population. 


2,250,000 

1 25,000 

185,000 

1,750,000 

2,000,000 

800,000 

1,010,000 

J90,000 

(ft)  330,000 

650,000 

2,600,000 

('0  3(M),000 

5,590,000 

2,67  8,492 

2,216,068 

1,680,000 

2,435,000 

1,700,000 

731,760 

1,441,602 

((0  3,173,487 

2,655,463 

2,200,000 

1,750,000 

3,885,989i 


States  and  Territories. 


3Iontana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

Ne\»'  Hampshire. 

Ne^v  Jersey 

Ne^v  .>lexieo 

New  York 

North  Ca  olina.. 
Nortii  Dakota — 

Ohio 

Oklahoma..'. 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania — 

Rhode  Island 

fSonth  Carolina.. 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia  

AVashington 

West  Virginia.   .. 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Grand  Total,  Jannary  1,  1908.. 


Estimated 
Population, 


275,000 
1,225,000 

65,OOU 

443,700 
2,294,413 

302,000 
8,476,427 
2,100,000 

475, (JOO 
4,557,000 
1,408,732 

550,000 
6,900,000 

502,302 
1,474,7  35 

490,000 
2,220.000 

3,(;oo;ooo 

350,000 

340,000 

2,042,3S8 

OOO.OOO 

1,200,000 

2,275,000 

117,500 


88,912,058 


(a)  Based  unon  School  Census. 
id)  By  Labo/  Bureau  of  Statistics. 


(ft)  By  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  District  Commissioners. 


Uottuix  yopuiation  of  tijc  2iJnitetJ  <StatC!3» 


(CENSUS  REPORT  OF  1900.) 


General  Nativity  anb  Coiok. 


Aggregate. 


native  parents. . 
foreign  parents. 


Native  born... 
Foreign  bom. . 
Native  white- 
Native  white- 
Foreign  white 

Colored 

Persons  of  negro  descent 

C*hinese 

Japanese 

Indian 


Males  op  Voting  Age. 

Literate. 

iLMTEaATK. 

Numtier. 

Per  Ceut. 

Xumber. 

Percent. 

•21,329,819 

19,002,279 

89. 1 

2.327.540 
1,707.538 

10.9 

1(5,277.285 

14.519,747 

8y.5 

lO  .> 

5.102.5:U 

4.482,.'i32 

87.8 

620.002 

12.  2 

10,63«,898  ; 

10,017.232 

94.2 

619.666 

5.8 

3,466,721  : 

3.397,637 

98.0 

69,084 

2.0 

4,932,524 

4,366.987 

88.5 

565, 537 

11  5 

2,293,676 

1.220.423 

53.2 

1,07  :,253 

46.8 

2,065.989 

1,088,940 

52.7 

977,049 

47.3 

10:5.0!)6 

70.804 

68.7 

32.202 

31.3 

59.0.54 

39, 031 

66.1 

20,023 

33.9 

65.627 

21.648 

33.0 

43.979 

67.0 

The  abpve  summary  shows  that  of  the  21,329,819  males  of  voting  age  in  1900,19,002,279,  or 
89.1  per  cent,  were  literate, and  2,327,540,  or  10.9  percent,  .were  illiterate.  By  "illiterate  "  is  meant 
all  persons  who  can  neither  read  nor  write,  or  who  can  read  but  not  write.  There  is  a  very  large  per- 
centage of  illiterates  among  each  of  the  several  classes  of  colored  males  of  voting  age,  and  a  consider- 
able proportion  also  among  foreign  white  males  of  voting  age.  Of  the  two  classes  of  native  white 
males  of  voting  age  much  the  larger  proportion  of  ill  iterates  is  found  am^ng  those  of  native  parentage, 
5. 8  per  cent. of  this  class  of  voters  being  illiterate  as  compared  with  2  per  cent,  for  native  white  males 
of  voting  age  who  are  of  foreign  parentage. 


63^ 


Occupations  i7i  the   United  States, 


(Occupations  in  tljr  SJnitetJ  states. 

NUMBER  OF   PEasUNS   ENGAGED    IN    PRIXCIPAL    SPECIFIED    OCCUPATIONS, 

(Census  of  1900.) 


All  occupations 29,285,9-22 


Agricultural  pursuits. 


,'.'19 


Agricultural  laborers 4,459,1146 

Dairymen  and  d.iirvwomen 10,9:;i 

Farmers,  planters,  and  overseers ....    5,681,25T 


62,418 
72,190 
85,469 
24,737 
36,2h5 
5,606 

Professional   service 1,264,737 


Gurdeuers,  florists,  nurserymen,  etc. 

Lumbermen  and  raftsmen 

Stock  raisers,  herders,  and  ilrovers. 
Turpentine  farmers  and  l:iborers.    . 

Wood  choppers 

Other  agricultural  pursuits 


Actors,  professional  showmen,  etc  ..    .. 
Architects,  designers,  ilruughtsmen,  etc. 

Artists  and  teachers  of  art 

Authors  and  scientists 

Chemists,  assayers,  .ind  metallurgists.. . 

Clergymen 

Dentists 

Electricians 

Engineers  (civil) 

Engineers  (mechanical  and  electrical). . . 

Engineers  (mining) 

Journalists ■ 

Lav 


etc. 


34,923 

29,o60 

24,902 

6,058 

8,887 

111,942 

29,683 

50,782 

20,153 

14,4411 

2,908 

30,098 

114,703 

92,264 

40,585 

4,345 

45.350 

140,415 

6,0:14 

446,797 

6,714 

5,691,746 


Musicians  and  teachers  of  music. . . 

Officials,  National*. ...» 

Officials,  State 

Officials,  county  and  city 

Physicians  and  surgeons 

Surveyors 

Teachers  ,ind  professors  in  colleges 
Not  specified 

Domestic  and  personal  service 

Barbers  and  hairdressers 131,383 

Bartenders 88,937 

Boar.ling  and  lodging  house  keepersj. 71,371 

Bootblacks 8,243 

Firemen  (Fire  Department) 14,516 

Hotel-keepers 54,931 

Housekeepers  and  stewards 155.524 

Hunters,  trappers,  guides,  and  scouts 11,340 

Janitors 51,226 

Laborers  (not  specified) 2,619,486 

Longshoremen 20,«34 

Latmderers  and  laundresses 3S7,013 

Nurses  and  midwives 121,269 

Policemen,  w.atchmen,  and  detectives ]1»',615 

Restaurant-keepers 34,0-'3 

Saloon-keepers 83,875 

Servants  and  waiters 1,565,440 

Sextons 5,714 

Soldiers  (  U.  S. ) 1 03,902 

Sailors  and  n\ariues  (U.  S.) 22,842 

Not  specified 23,422 

Trade  and  transportation 4,778,033 

Agents,  insurance,  real  estate,  etc 241,3:53 

Auctioneers 

Bankers  and  brokers 

Bookkeepers  and  accountants. 


2,813 

73,3-^4 

255,526 

Clerks  and  copyists 603,721 


Commercial  travellers. 

Decorators,  drapers,  and  window  dressers... 

Foremen  and  overseers,  stable,  railroad,  etc. 

Hostlers 

Hucksters  and  peddlers 

Livery-stable  keepers 

Mail  letter  carriers. 


92,936 
3,053 
65,503 
65,:i81 
76,872 
33,680 
28,378 

Merchants  and  dealers  (retail). 7:^2,887 

57,346 
45,840 
1.5)>,->57 
13.119 
15.2:',9 
15,367 
18,0'.17 
20,866 
33,031 
16.774 


Drugs  and  medicines. 

Dry  goods,  fancy  goods,  and  notions. 

Groceries 

Liquors  and  wines 

Boots  and  .shoes 

Cl(;ars  and  tobacco 

Clothing  and  men's  furnishings 

Coal  and  wood ,,. 

General  store 

Lumber 


Proilucc  and  provisions 34,194 

Not  specified 366,457 

Merchants  and  dealers  (wholesale) 42,310 

Messenjievs  and  errand  and  office  boys 71,695 

New.spaper  carriers  and  newsboys 6,'.t04 

Offi.ials  of  lianks  and  companies 74,246 

Packers  and  shippers 59,769 

Porters  and  helpers  ( in  stores,  etc.) 54,274 

Salesmen  and  saleswomen 611,787 

Sailors,  boatmen,  pilots 80,024 

Steam  railroad  employes 582,471 

Stenographers  and  typewriters 112,464 

Street  railway  emjiloyes 68,936 

Telegraph  and  telephone  linemen 14,765 

Tele;j:raph  and  telephone  operators 75,080 

Undertakers  16,200 

Weighers,  gangers,  and  measurers 6,670 

Not  specified 34,056 

Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits 7,112,937 

Building  Trades. 

Carpenters  and  joiners  (incluiling  ship  carpeaters)..  602,741 

Masons  (brick  and  stone) 161, (i4S 

Painters,  gl.aziers,  and  varuishers 277,990 


Paper-hangers. 

Plasterers 

Plumbers  and  gas  and  steam  fitters 

Roofers  and  slaters  

Mechanics  (not  otherwise  specified) 

Chemicals  and  Allied  Products. 

Oil  well  and  oil  works  employes 

Other  chemical  workers 

Clay,  Glass,  and  Stonk  Products. 

Brick  and  tile  makers,  etc 

Glass  workers , 

Marble  and  stone  cutters 

Potters 

Fishing  and  Mining. 

Fishermen  and  oyslermen 

Miners  (coal) 

Miners  (gol<l  anil  silver). 


22,0i>4 

35,706 

97,884 

9,068 

9,437 

24,626 
14,814 

49,934 
49,999 
64,525 
16,140 

73,810 
344,2'.i2 

59,095 

Miners  (not  otherwise  specified) 133,010 

Quarrymen 34,593 

Food  and  Kindred  Products. 

Bakers 79,407 

Butchers 1 14,212 

Butter  and  ch.se  makers 19,261 

Confectioners 31,242 

Meat  packers,  curers,  and  picklers 18,776 

Millers 40,576 

Other  food  preparers 13,666 

Iron  and  Steel  and  Their  Products. 

Blacksmiths 227,076 

Iron  anil  steel  workers 290,797 

Machinists 283,432 

Steam  boilermakers 33,087 

Stove,  furnace,  an.-t  grate  makefS. ', 12,473 

Tool  and  cutlery  m.akers 28,122 

Wheelwrights 13,539 

Wireworkers 18,487 

Leather  awd  its  Finished  Products, 

Boot  and  shoe  m  akers  and  repairers 209,0.16 

Harness  and  saddle  makers  and  repairers 40,193 

Leather  curriers  and  tanners 42,684 

Trunk  and  leather-case  makers,  etc 7,051 

Liquors  and  Bkverages. 

Bottlers  and  soda-water  makers,  etc 10,546 

Brewers  and  maltsters 20,984 

Distillers  and  rectifiers 3,145 

Lumber  and  its  Manufactures. 
Cabinet  makers  and   furniture   manufacturing    em« 

ployes , 

Coopers 

Piano  and  orcran  makers 

Saw  and  plaiiing  mill  employes 

Other  woodworkers 


58,719 

37,226 

6,220 

161,687 

82,390 

Metals  and  Metal  Products  other  than  Iron  awd  Steel. 


Brass  workers. 

Clock  and  watch  makers  aoii  repairers.., 

Copper  workers 

Gold  and  silver  workers 

Gunsmiths,  locksmiths,  and  bellhangers. 

Tinplate  and  tinware  makers.,.,^ 

Other  metal  workers 


26,760 
24,188 

8,188 
26,146 

7,452 
70,613 
40,988 


'Including  army  and  navy  officers. 


(Continued  on  next  page.) 


Occupaiioiis  in  the   United  States, 


G33 


OCCUPATIONS  IN   THE   UNITKD   STv^TES— Cbn/imfcd. 


Paper  and  Peintino. 

Bookbinders 30,2K6 

CViuipositofs 3fi,.s49 

Engravers 11,150 

I'apt- r  and  pulp  mill  operatives 36,329 

Priuters,  lithographers,  and  pressmen 116,4^4 

Textiles. 

Artificial-flower  makers 2,775 

Bleachery  and  dye  works  operatives 22,289 

Carpel  factory  operatives 19,388 

Cotton  ginners.   1,395 

Cotton  mill  opi>rative.s 246,004 

Hosiery  an.l  knitting  mill  operatives ^1,Vi(i 

Silk  mill  opt-ratives 54,460 

Woollen  mill  operatives 73,196 

Otiier  textile  mill  operatives 104,61<f 

Dresgiiiakers 347,iin> 

Hat  and  cap  makers 2i',733 

Millintrs 87,881 


Seamstresses 

Stiirl,  collar,  and  rutT  makers 

Tailors  and  tailoreases 

Other  textile   workers 

MiECBLi.ANKons  Indcstbibs. 

Broom  and  brush  makers 

Builders  and  contractors , 

Candle,  .soap,  and  tallow  makers. 


151,379 

39,4;fv! 

..        230,277 

30,046 

10,22'i 

56,'.i:i5 

4,022 

Ensfineers  and  firemen  (not  locomotive) 224,546 

Gas  works  employes 6,955 

Glove  makers 12,'.'76 

Manufacturers  and  ofiScials,  etc 153,12:: 

(Jfficials  of  mining  and  quarrying  companies 17,935 

I'ho  tof^-aphers " 27,029 

Publishers  of  books,  maps,  and  newspapers 10,".'70 

Uubber  f.actory  operatives 21,86'^ 

Tobacco  and  cigar  factory  operatives l:fl,464 

Upholsterers " :i0,^39 

Other  miscellaneous  industries 507,521 


URBAN  POPULATION. 

Geosraphical  Divisions. 

Total  Population, 

Ubban  Population. 

Incrkass  n*  Total 
Population. 

Incp.kase  in  Ub- 
ban  Population. 

1900. 

1890. 

1900. 

1890. 

- 

Number.       J^^^^ 

Number. 

Per 

Cent. 

North  Atlantic  division 

South  Atlantic  division 

North  Central  division 

South  Central  division 

Western  division 

21,046,695 
10,443  480 
26,333,004 
14.080,047 
4,091,349 
154,001 

17.406.969 

8,557,922 

22,410,417 

11.170,137 

3,102,269 

89,990 

13,613,736     10  071.957 
2.049,530       1,554,190 
9,343,213       6,744,936 
1.896,655       1,339,232 
1.469  268       1  -n35.fi,'i9 

3,639,726    20.9 
1,585.558    17  9 
3.922.587    17.5 
2.909,910    26.1 
989,080    31.9 
64.011    71.1 

3,541.779 
496,330 

2,598,277 

557,423 

433  6U9 

16,399 

35.2 
31.9 

38.5 
41.6 
41  9 

Hawaii 

39.306 

22,907 
20.768,881 

71.6 

Total 

76,148,576 

63,037,704i    28.411,698 

13.110,872    20.8 

7.642,817 

36.8 

Ratio  of  Urban  to  Total  Population:   1900-31.1  percent.  ;  1890— 29.1  per  cent.  ; 
cent.  ;  1850—12.  5  per  cent.  •,  1820—4.9  per  cent.  ;  1790—3. 4  per  cent. 

CENTRE   OF   POPULATION   IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


1860-16. 1  per 


Date 


Position  of  Centre  of  Population. 


N. Latitude  W.  Loneitud- 


1790 
1800 
1810 
1820 
1830 
1840 
1650 
1860 
1870 
1880 
1890 
1900 


39 
39 
39 
39 
38 
39 
38 
39 
39 
39 
39 
39 


t 
16.5 
16.1 
11.5 

5.7 
57.9 

2.0 
59.0 

0.4 
12  0 

4.1 
11.9 

9.5 


o 
76 
76 
77 

78 
79 
80 

81 
82 
83 
84 
85 
85 


Approximate  Location  by  Important  Towns. 


11.2 
56.5 
37.2 
33.0 
16.9 
18.0 
19.0 
48.8 
35.7 
39.7 
32  9 
48.9 


23  miles  east  of  Baltimore,  Md 

18  miles  west  of  Baltimore,  JMd 

40  miles  northwest  by  west  of  Wa.shington,  D.  C 

16  miles  north  of  Woodstock,  Va 

19  miles  W.S.  W.  of  Moorefield.in  the  present  State  of  W.  Va 
16  miles  south  of  Clarksburg,  in  the  present  State  of  W.Va. 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Parkersburg,  In  the  present  State  of  W.  Va. 

20milessouth  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio 

48  miles  east  bj' north  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

8  miles  west  by  south  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

20  miles  east  of  Columbus,  Ind 

6  miles  southeast  of  Columbus,  Ind 


Total . 


Westward  Movement 

During  Preceding 

D-'cade. 


Miles. 

*"4i"* 

36 
50 
39 
55 
55 
81 
42 
58 
48 
14 


519 


This  table  was  prepared  by  the  Census  Office.  The  centre  of  the  negro  population  in  1890  was  near 
Rome,  (ia. ,  and  was  travelling  Gulfward. 

The  centre  of  area  of  the  United  States,  excluding  Alaska  and  Hawaii  and  other  recent  accessions, 
is  in  Northern  Kansas,  in  approximate  latitude  39°  55',  and  approxinuite  longitude  98°  50'.  The 
centre  of  population  is  therefore  about  three-fourths  of  a  degree  south  and  more  than  thirteen  degrees 
east  of  the  centre  of  area.  

RANK    OF    STATES    ACCORDING    TO    POPULATION. 


Rank. 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 


States  and 
Territories. 


New  York 

Pennsylvania. . 

Illinois 

Ohio 

Mis.souri 

Texas >. 

Massachusetts  . 

Indiana 

Michigan 

Iowa 

Georgia 

Kentucky 

Wisconsin 

Tennessee 

North  Carolina. 

New  Jersey 

Virginia   

Alabama 


Popula- 
tion. 

77268,894! 
6,302,115! 
4,821,550} 
4,157.545 
3,106,665i 
3,048  7101 
2,805,346 
2,516,4621 
2,420,982! 
2,2.31,8.53, 
2.216,331, 
2,147,174| 
2,069.0421 
2,020,6161 
1,893,810 
1,883,669, 
1,854 ,184 1 
1,828,697) 


19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
33 
33 
34 
85 


States  and 
Territories. 


Minnesota    

Mississippi 

California 

Kansas 

Louisiana 

South  Carolina 

Arkansas 

Ma-ryland 

Nebraska  

West  Virginia 

Connecticut 

Maine 

Colorado 

Florida 

Washington 

Rhode  Island 

Oregon 


1,751,394 

1,551,270 

1,485,053 

1,470,495 

1,-381,625 

1,340,316 

1,311,564 

1,188,044 

1,066,300 

958,800 

9(18,420 

694,466 

539,700 

628,-542 

518,103 

428.-556 

413,536 


36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 


States  and 
Territories. 


New  Hampshire. 

Sou  til  Dakota 

Oklahoma 

Indian  Territory 

Vermont 

North  Dakota 

Dist.  of  Columbia. 

Utah 

Montana 

New  INfexico 

Delaware 

Idaho 

Hawaii 

Arizona 

Wyoming 

A  Ikska 

Nevada 


Popula- 
tion. 


411,588 
401,570 
398,331 
392,060 
343,641 
319,146 
278.718 
276,749 
243.329 

195,:-;10 

184,735 

161,772 

154.001 

122,931 

92,-531 

6H.592 

42,335 


634  Wome7i  at   Work  in  the   United   States. 


sraomcn  at  2imorfe  in  tije  sauitftr  <Statts» 

(The  Census  Bureau   issued   in   1907  a  report  presenting  statistics   of  Women  at  Work.) 

In  the  United  States  the  number  of  women  at  work  as  returned  by  the  census  of  1900 
was  almost  five  million.  In  continental  United  States— by  which  is  meant  the  United 
States  exclusive  of  Alaska,  Hawaii  and  all  other  outlying  territories  or  possessions— the 
exact   number   was   4,838,030. 

RACE     AND     NATIVITY. 

The  total  number  includes  1,771,966  native  white  women  whose  parents  also  were 
natives;  1,090,744  native  white  women  one  or  both  of  whose  parents  were  immigrants; 
840,011  white  women  who  were  themselves  immigrants;  1,119.621  negro  women,  and  11,288 
Indian  and  Mongolian  women.  Thus  the  native  white  women  of  native  parentage  consti- 
tuted 36.7  per  cent.,  or  more  than  one-third,  of  the  total  number  of  women  who  were 
breadwinners,  the  other  classes  being  represented  by  the  following  percentages:  Native 
white  of  foreign  parentage,  22.6;  foreign  born  wihite,  17.4;  negro,  23.2;  Indian  and  Mon- 
golian 2-10  of  1  per  cent. 

AGE. 

Most  of  the  women  at  work  were  young  women;  68.4  per  cent,  of  them  were  under 
35  years  of  age,  44.2  per  cent,  were  under  25,  and  25.6  per  cent,  had  not  reached  the  age 
of  21.  These  figures  are  in  marked  contrast  with  those  for  the  male  sex.  Of  the  men  16 
years"  of  age  and  over  reported  as  workers  or  breadwinners,  only  24.7  per  cent,  were  under 
the  age  of  25,  and  only  12.7  per  cent,  were  under  21.  This  contrast  is  indicative  of  the 
fact  that  large  numbers  of  women  who  support  themselves  and  others  in  early  life  cease 
to  be  breadwinners  upon  assuming  the  responsibilities  of  marriage  and  childbearing. 

MARITAL    CONDITION. 

This  conclusion  is  substantiated  by  the  statistics  of  marital  or  conjugal  condition. 
Almost  two-thirds,  or  65  per  cent.,  of  the  total  number  of  women  at  work  were  single, 
while    15.9   per    cent,    were    married,    17.7    per    cent,    were   widows    and    1.3    per    cent,    were 

divorced. 

PROPORTION  OF  WOMEN  AT  WORK. 
The  total  number  of  women  16  years  of  age  and  over  in  con-tinental  United  States 
in  1900  was  23,485,559.  The  number  at  work  constituted  20.6  per  cent,  of  this  total.  In 
other  words,  one  woman  in  every  five  was  a  breadwinner,  that  term  being  used  to 
designate  persons  reported  by  the  Census  as  following  a  gainful  occupation.  Of  the  total 
male  population  of  the  same  age — that  is,  16  years  and  over — 90.5  per  cent,  were  bread- 
winners. This  difference  between  the  sexes  as  regards  the  percentage  of  breadwinoers  is 
probablv  not  greater  than  would  be  anticipated.  Men  take  up  some  occupation  almost  as 
a  matter  of  course,  and  usually  follow  it  the  greater  part  of  their  lives.  With  women 
the  adoption  of  an  occupation,  although  by  no  means  unusual,  is  far  from  being  cus- 
tomary, and  in  the  well-to-do  classes  of  society  is  exceptional.  Moreover,  the  pursuit  of 
an  occupation  by  women  is  probably  more  often  temporary  than  permanent. 

OCCUPATIONS     OP     WOMEN. 

In  the  reports  of  the  Twelfth  Census  (:'9001,  the  deit'ailed  classification  of  bread- 
winners with  respect  to  the  kind  of  work  in  which  they  were  engaged  distinguishes  303 
occupations.  i 

Notwithstanding  the  increasing  diversity  of  emplovments  for  wnrmen.  domestic  service 
still  remains  the  most  important  by  far  of  the  occupations  in  which  they  are  engaged. 
Of  the  4,833,630  women  in  continental  United  States  reported  as  engaged  in  gainful  occu- 
pations at  the  time  of  the  Twelfth  Cerisus,  1.124.383.  or  almost  one-fourth  of  the  total 
number,  were  returned  as  servants.  It  may  seem  surorising  thait  the  next  most  importTnt 
occupation  for  women  is  that  of  farm  laborer,  and  that  the  number  of  women  reported 
as  following  this  occupation  was  4.'»6,405,  or  almost  half  a  million.  The  significance  of  the 
figures  will  be  better  understood  if  it  is  pointed  out  that  442.006,  or  96.8  per  cent,  of  thp=:e 
female  farm  laborers  were  reported  from  the  Southern  States,  and  that  361.804.  or  7'1.3 
per  cent,  of  the  total  number,  were  of  the  negro  race.  Moreover,  it  appears  that  277.727. 
or  60.9  per  cent,  of  the  total  num-ber.  were  members  of  the  farmers'  families,  representing 
the  wives  and  grown-up  daughters,  assisting  in  the  work  on  the  home  farms.  Next  to 
these  two  leading  occupations  come  four  occupations  not  far  apart  in  numerical  importance, 
though  widely  different  in  character.  They  are  the  occupations  of  dressmaker,  laundress, 
teacher  and  farmer.  The  large.';*  of  these  occupations — that  of  dressmaker — employed 
338.144  wom.en.  and  the  smallest— that  of  farmer— employed  307,706.  Of  teachers,  there 
were  827.206:    of   laundresses.    328,935. 

Three-fifths  of  the  total  number  of  women  reported  as  bre^Jdwinners  were  found  In 
the  six  occupations  employing  more  than  300,000  women  each,  the  aggregate  number  !n 
these  occupations  being  2,882.779.  The  total  number  of  women  reported  as  textile  mill 
operatives — 231,458 — makes  this  the  seventh  occunation  group  in  numerical  importance. 
The  occupation  next  in  rank  is  that  of  housekeepers  and  stewardesp^s.  This  comprised 
146.929  women.  The  housekeepers  here  referred  to  are  those  working  for  wages,  the 
housekeeping  or  housework  done  by  women  in  their  own  homes  not  being  treated  by  the 
Census  as  a  gainful  occupation,  although  it  has.  of  course,  a  great  economic  importance, 
not  to  be  overlooked  in  any  attempt  to  estimate  the  social  value  of  woman's  work.  If 
there  are  added  to  the  occupation  groups  alreadv  mentioned  the  group  of  saleswomen, 
comprising  142.265  women,  and  that  of  seamstresses.  comnrisin<r  138  7''4.  the  list  inclndps 
the  ten  leading  occupations  for  women,  and  accounts  for  3. .542,1.55,  or  73.3  per  cent,  of  the 
total  number  of  women  who  are  breadwinners. 

Teaching  is  also  an  occupation  in  which  women  predominate.  The  occupation  is  one 
In  which  both  sexes  have  long  been  competing  on  terms  of  approximate  equality,  and  it  is 
significant  that  it  is  also  one  in  which  the  predominance  of  women  is  increasing.  In  1880. 
the  percentage  of  female  teachers  was  67.8;  it  advanced  to  70.8  in  1890.  and  to  73.4  in 
1900.  In  the  group  of  textile  mill  operatives  the  two  sexes  were  represented  in  about 
equal  numbers.  Put  in  the  remaining  three  of  the  ten  leading  occupations  mentioned 
above,  women,  thouprh  numerous,  were  in  the  minority,  constituting  24.1  per  cent,  of  the 
total  number  of  salesmen  ancj  saleswomen,  13.6  per  cent,  of  the  farm  laborers  and  only 
5.4  per  cent,   of  the  farmers. 


Population  of  Incorporated  Places  in  the   United  States.    635 

J^opulation  of  Kncorporatctr  piaccis;  (Srntsus  oC  1900/ 

ONE    HUNDRED    LARGEST    CITIES. 


CrriKs. 


New  York,  N.  V.... 
Chicago,  111 

P'rtiladelphia,  Pa  ... 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

B  iston.  Mass 

Baltimore,  Md 

Clevolan.i,  Ohio 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

San  Francisno,  Cal.. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio  ... 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

New  Orleans,  La 

Detroit,  Mich 

Milwaukee,  Wis.... 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Newark,  N.  J 

Jersey  City,  N,  J... 

Louisville,  Ky 

Minneapolis,  Minn.. 

Providence,  K.  I 

Indianapolis,  Ind... 
Kansas  City,  Mo... . 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

Rochester,  N.Y 

Denver,  Col 


Popula- 
tion. 

3,437,202 
1,698,575 
1,293,697 
575,238 
560,S9'i 
508,957 
381,768 
352,8!<7 
342,782 
325,902 
321,616 
287,104 
285,704 
285,315 
278,718 
246,070 
2116,433 
204,731 
202,718 
175,597 
169,164 
163,752 
163,065 
16-',608 
133,859 


Cities. 


Toledo,  Ohio 

Allegheny,  Pa 

Cohiinbus,  Ohio  . ... 
Worcester,  Mass.. . . 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

New  Haven,  Ct 

Paterson,  N..7 

Fall  liiver.  Mass  . . . 

St.  Joseph,  Mo 

Om:iha,  Neb 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. . . 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Scranton.   Pa 

Lowell,  Mass 

Albany,  N.Y 

Cambridge,  Mass... 

Portland,  Ore 

Atlanta,  Git 

Grand  Hapids,  Mich, 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Kichuiond,  Va 

Nashvilli'.  Tenn 

Seattle,  Wash    

Hartford,  Ct 

Keadin^c,  Pa 


Poimla- 
tion. 


Cities. 


131,822 

1 29,896 j 

125,560 

118,421 

108,374 

108,027 

105,171 

104,863 

102,979 

10-.>,555 

102,479 

102,320 

102,026 

94,969 

94,151 

91,886 

90,426 

89,872 

87,565 

b5,333 

85,050 

80,865 

80,671 

79,850 

78,961 


Wilmington,  Del. . . . 

I  Camden,  N.  J 

iTrenton,  N.  J 

iTroy,  N.  Y 

j  Bridgeport,  Ct 

[Lynn,  Mass 

[Oakland,  Cal 

I  Lawrence,  Mass 

New  Bedford,  Mass. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. . . 

Springfield,  Mass... 

Somerville,  Mass. . . 

Hohoken,  N.  J 

Evansville,  Ind 

Manchester,  N.  H... 

Utica,  N.  Y 

Peoria,  111 

Charleston,  S.  C. .. . 

Savannah,  Ga 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 

San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Duluth,  Minn 

Erie,  Pa 

Elizabeth,  N.J... 

Wilkes-Barre,  Pa. 


Popula- 
tion. 


76,50.s 
75,93-. 
73,307 
75,057 
70,996 
68,513 
66,960 
62,559 
62,442 
62,139 
62,059 
61,643 
59,364 
59,007 
56,987 
56,383 
56,100 
55,807 
54,244 
5:1,531 
53,321 
52,969 
52,733 
62,130 
51,721 


Cities. 


Kansas  City,  Kan.. 
Ilarrisburg,  Pa. . .. 

Portland,  Me 

Yonkers,  N.  Y 

Norfolk,  Va 

Waterbury,  Ct 

llolyoke.  Mass .... 
Fort  Wayne,  Ind  .. 
Y'onngstown,  Ohio. 

Houston,  Tex 

Covington,  Ky 

Akron,  Ohio 

Dallas,  Tex 

Saginaw,  Mich 

Lancaster,  I'a 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Broikton,  Mass.. .. 
Bingh.'mton,  N.  Y. 

Augusta,  Ga 

Honolulu,  Hawaii  . 
Pawtucket,  R.  I... 

Altooua,  Pa 

Wheeling,  W.  Va.. 

Mobile,  Ala 

Birmingham,  Ala.. 


Pojiula- 
tion. 

~~51,418 
60,167 
50,145 
47,931 
46,624 
45,b59 
45,712 
45,115 
44,885 
44,633 
42,938 
42,728 
4'J,638 
42,345 
41,459 
40,169 
40,063 
39,647 
39,441 
39,306 
39,231 
38,973 
38,878 
38,469 
38,415 


INCORPORATED    PLACES    HAVING    5,000    INHABITANTS    OR    MORE. 


Adrian,  Mich 

Akron,  Ohio 

Alameda,  Cal 

Albany,  N.Y 

Albuq.ierque,  N.M.. 
Alexandria,  Ind.... 

Ali'xandria,  La 

Alexandria,  Va 

Allegheny,  Pa 

Allentown,  Pa 

Alliance,  Ohio 

Alp3na,  Mich 

Alton,  HI 

Altoona,  Pa 

Americus,  Ga 

Amsterdam,  N.  Y... 
Anaconda,  Mont  ... 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  S.  C 

Annapolis,  Md 

Ann  Arbor,  Mich... 

Anniston,  Ala 

Ansonia,  Ct 

Antigo,  Wis 

Appleton,  Wis 

Archbild,  Pa 

Ardmore,  I.  T 

Argentine,  Kan 

Arkansas  City,  Kau. 

Asheville,  N.  C 

Ashland,  Ky 

Ashland,  Pa 

Ashland,  Wis 

Ashtabula,  Ohio  ... 

Astoria,  Ore 

Atchison,  Kan 

Athens,  Ga 

Atl.anta,  Ga 

Atlantic  City,  Iowa 

Atlantic  City,  N.J. 

Auburn,  Me 

Auburn,  N.  Y 

Augusta,  Ga 

Augusta,  Me 

Aurora,  111 

Aurora,  Mo 

Austin,  Minn 

Austin,  Tex  

Baker  City,  Ore 

Baltimore,  Md 

Bangor,  Me 

Baraboo,  Wis 

Barre,  Vt 

Batavia,  N.Y 

Bath,  Me 

Baton  Rouge,  La  . . . 

Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Bay  City,  Mich 


9,654 
42,728' 
16,464, 
94,151! 
6,238: 
7,-221 
5,648 1 
14,5281 
129,896 
35,416l 
8,9741 
11,802 
14,210 
38,973 
7,674 
20,929 
9,453 
20,178 
5,498 
8,525 
14,509 
9,695 
12,681 
5,145 
15,085 
6,396, 
5,681 
5,878 
6,14lM 
14,694! 
6,800 
6,438! 
13,074 
12,949 
8,381 
15,722 
10,24i| 
89,872 
5,046' 
27,838 : 
12,951 
30,345 
39,441 
11,683 
24,147 
6,191 
6,474 
22,25s 
6,663 
50&,9.i7; 
'Jl,850| 
5,751 
8,44s 
9,180 
10,477 
11,269 
18,563 
27,628 


Bayonne,  N.  J 

Beatrice,  Neb 

Beaumont,  Tex 

Bea\  erdam,  Wis. . . . 

Beaver  Falls,  Pa 

Bedford,  Ind 

Bellaire,  Ohio 

Bellefontaine,  Ohio. 

Belleville,  111 

Bellevue,  Ky 

Beloit,  Wis 

Belvidere,  N.  J 

Bennington,  Vt 

Benton  Harbor,M'h. 

Berkeley,  Cal 

Berlin,  N.  II 

Bessemer,  Ala 

Bethlehem,  I'a 

Beverly,  Mass 

Biddeford,  Me 

Biloxi,  Miss 

Binghaniton,  N.  Y.. 
Birmingham,  Ala. . . 

Bioomfield,  N.J 

Bioomington,  111 

151oomin;j;ton,  Ind  .. 

Bloomsburg,  Pa.  ... 

Blue  Island,  III 

Boise,  Idaho 

Bonham,  Tex 

Boone,  Iowa 

Hoston,  Mass 

Boulder,  Col 

Bowling  (ireen,  Ky, 

Howling  Green,  O.  . 

Braddock,  Pa 

Bradford,  Pa 

Brainerd,  Minn. . .  , 

Brattleboro,  Vt..  .. 

Brazil,  Ind 

Bienham,  Tex 

Bridgeport,  Ct 

Bridgeton,  N.  J 

Bristol,  Ct 

Bristol,  Pa 

Bristol,  Tenn 

Brockton,  Mass. . .. 

Brookfield,  Mo 

Bownsville,  Tex.., 

Brunswick,  fia. ... 

Brunswick,  Me.  .  . 

Bncyrns,  O 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Burlington,  Iowa. 

Burlington,  N.  J  .  . 

Burlington,  Vt.  ... 

Butler,  Pa 

Butte,  Mont 


32,72-J 
7,875 
9,427 
5,128 

10,054] 
6,115 
9,912 
6,649 

17,484 
6,332 

10,436 
6,937 
6,656 
6,562 

13,2141 
8,886! 
6,358 
7,293 

13,884 

16,145 
5,467 

39,647 

38,415 
9,668 

23,286 
6,460 
6,170 
6,114 
5,957| 
5,042 
8,880 ! 
560,892 
6,1.^0! 
8.226 
5,067 

15,654 

15,029' 
7,524! 
5.297 
7,7861 
5,968 

70,996' 

13,913! 
6,268 
7,104 
5,271 

40,063! 
6,4841 
6,305 
9,081 
5,210! 
6,560; 
352,3h7 

2:',,201 ! 
7,392 

18,640 

1(1,853 

30,470: 


Cadillac,  Mich 

Cairo,  111 

Calais,  Me 

Cambridge,  Md 

Cambridge,  Mass.  . 
Cambridge,  Ohio... 

Camden,  N.  .J 

Canal  Dover,  Ohio.. 
Canandaigua, N.  Y. 

Canton,  III 

Canton,  Ohio 

Carbondale,  Pa 

Carlisle,  Pa 

Carnegie,  Pa 

Carthage,  JNlo 

Catskill,  N.  Y 

Cedar  Falls,  Iowa. . 
Cedar  Hapids,  Iowa 
Centreville,  Iowa.  . 
Central  Falls,  R.  I.. 

Centralia,  111 

Chanibersburg,  Pa.. 

Champaign,  III 

Charleroi,  Pa 

Charleston,  111 

Charleston,  S.  C.  . . 
Charleston,  W.  Va.. 

Charlotte,  N.  C 

Charlottesville,  Va. 
Chattanooga.  Tenn. 
Cheboygan,  Mich... 

Chelsea,  Mass 

Chester,  Pa 

Ch'^yenne,  Wyo.... 

Chicopee,  Mass 

Chiiago,  111 

Chicago  Heights,  111 

Chilliiothe,  Mo 

Chillioothe,  Ohio... 
Chippewa  Falls, Wis 
Ciniinnnti,  Ohio.. . . 
Circleville,  Ohio.. . . 
Clarksville,  Tenn.  . 

Clearfield,  Pa 

Cleburne,  Tex 

Cleveland,  Ohio. . . . 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Mo 

Coatesville,  Pa 

Cohoes,  N.  Y 

Co'dwater,  Mich... 
Colo.  Springs,  Col. . 

Columbia,  Mo 

Columbia,   I'a 

Columbia,  S    C 

Columbia,  Tenn 

Colnmbus,  (ia.  .  . . 
Cnlunibns,  Ind 


5,997 

12,566 

7,655 

6,747 

91,886 

8,241 

76,935 

5,422 

6,151 

6,564 

30,667 

13,.=i3tj 

9,6'.'6 

7,:i30 

9,416 

6,484 

5,319 

25,656 

5,256 

18,167 

6,721 

8,864 

9,098 

5,930 

5,488 

55,807 

11,099 

18,091 

6,449 

30,154 

6,4S9 

34,072 

33.988 

14,087 

19,167 

1,698,57-. 

5,100 

6,905 

12,976 

8,094 

325,902 

6,991 

9,431 

5,081 

7,49:'. 

381,768 

22,698 

5,061 

6,721 

23,910 

6,216 

21,085 

.'i,651 

12,316 

21,108 

6,052 

17,614 

8,130 


Columbus,  Miss 

Columbus,  Ohio.... 

Concord,  N.  H 

Concord,  N.  C. . . . .. 

Conneaut,  Ohio 

Connellsville,  Pa... 
Connersville,  Ind. . . 
Conshohocken,  Pa.. 

Corning,  N.Y 

Corry,  Pa 

Corsicana,  Tex 

Cortland,  N.Y 

Coshocton,  Ohio 

Council  Bluffs,  Iowa 

Covington,  Ky 

Crawfurdsville,  Ind. 

Creston,  Iowa 

Cripple  Creek,  Col.. 

Crooks  ton,  Mich 

Cumberland,  Md.... 

Dallas,  Tex 

Danbury,  Ct 

Danville,  111 

Danville,  Pa 

Danville,  Va 

Davenport,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Ky 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Decatur,  111 

Defiance,  Ohio 

De  Kalb,  III 

Delaware,  Ohio 

Denison,  Tex 

Denver,  Col 

Derby,  Ct 

Des  Moines,  Iowa.. . 

De  Soto,  Mo 

Detroit,  Mich 

Dixon,  111 

Dover,  N.  H 

Dover,  N.  J 

Duhois,  Pa 

Dubutjue,  Iowa 

Duluth,  Jlinn 

Dunkirk,  N.Y 

Dunmore,  Pa 

Duquesne,  Pa 

Durham,  N.  C 

East  Liveri)Ool,  Ohio 

Easton,  I'a 

East  Orange,  N.  J.. 

Eastport,  Me 

East  St.  Loui.s,  111.. 

Eau  Claire,  Wis 

Eilwardsville,  Pa... 

Elgin,  111   

Elizabeth,  N.J 

Elizabeth,  N.  C 


6,484 

125,560 

19,632 

7,910 

7,133 

7,160 

6,836 

5,762 

11,061 

6,369 

9,313 

9,014 

6,473 

26,802 

42,938 

6,640 

7,752 

10,147 

5,359 

17,128 

42,638 

16,,=.37 

16,354 

8,042 

16,520 

35,254 

6,104 

8.\333 

20,754 

7,579 

5,904 

7,940 

11,81)7 

133,859 

7,930 

62,139 

5,611 

285,704 

7,917 

13,' 07 

5,938 

9,375 

36.297 

62,969 

11,616 

12,583 

9,036 

6,679 

16,485 

25,238 

21,506 

5,311 

29,655 

17,517 

5,165 

22,433 

52,130 

6.348 


*As  reported  by  the  U.  S.  Census  OflSce.    Unincorporated  towns  and  townships  were  not  considered.    For  population  of 
some  of  the  cities  in  this  list,  by  later  State  ceususeB,  see  pages  622,  642  and  643. 


Q'SS     PopulatioJi  of  Incorporated  Places  in  the   United  States. 


INCORPORATED  PLACES  HAVING-  5,0<X>  INHABITANTS  OR  UO^Y.— Continued. 


CiTISS. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Elkhart,  Iiid 

15,184 

F.Imira,  X.Y 

35,67i 

El  PaM.,  Tex 

15,906 

Elwiiod,  Ind... 

12,950 

l':lyria,  Ohio 

8,791 

Emporia,  Kan 

8,i23 

Eiiglewiiod,  N.  J... 

6,253 

Eiie,  P;i 

52,733 

Escannba,  Mich.... 

9,549 

Etna,  Pa 

5,384] 

Eureka,  Cal 

7,3271 

EvanslO'i,  111..    .... 

19,2591 

Evansville,  Inl 

59,007 

Ever.tt,  Ma^^B 

24,336 

Everett,  Wash 

7,838 

Fairmont,  W.  Va. .. 

5,6551 

Fall  Kiver.  Mass.  .. 

104,863 

Fars:o,  X.  Dak 

9,589 

F.iribault,  Minn  ... 

7,868 

Fergus  Falls,  Minu. 

6,072 

Findl:»y,  Ohio    

17,613 

Pitchbiirs,  Mass. ... 

31,531 

Flint  City,  Mich 

13,103 

Florence,  Ala 

6,478 

Fonil  du  Lac,  Wis.. 

15,110 

Fort  Doilse,  Iowa... 

12,162 

F»rt  Madison,  Iowa. 

9,278 

Fort  Scott,  Kan 

10,3221 

Fort  Smith,  Ark 

11,5871 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind... 

45,115 

Fort  Worth,  Tex.  .. 

26,688 1 

Fostoria,  Ohio 

7,730^ 

Frankfort,  Ind 

7,100 

Frankfort,  Ky 

9,487, 

Franklin,  X.  H 

5,846! 

Franklin  City,  Pa.. 

7,317 

Frederick,  Md 

9,296 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 

5,068 1 

Fr«eland,  Pa 

5,254 

Freeport,  111 

13,2.58 

Fremont,  Neb 

7,241 

Fremont,  Ohio 

8,439 

Fresno,  Cx\ 

12,470 

Frostburg,  Md 

5,274 

Fulton,  X.  Y 

5.281 

Gainesville,  Tex.... 

7,874 

Galena,  III 

5,005 
10,1.55 

Galena,  Kan 

Galesbnrir,  111 

18,607 

Gallon,  Ohio 

7,28i 

Gallipo!is,  Ohio.... 

5,432 

Galveston,  Tex.  ... 

37,789 

Gardiner,  Me 

5,501 

Geneva,  X.  Y    

10,433 

Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.  . 

12,613 

Glenville,  Ohio 

5,588 

Gloucester,  Mass.  . 

26,121 

Gloucester,  X.  .T.  .. 

6,840 

Gloversville,  X.  Y.. 

18,349 

Goldsboro,  X.  C 

5,877 

Goshen,  Ind 

7,810 

Grafton,  W.  Va.... 

5,650 

Grand  Forks,  N.D.. 

7,652 

Grand  Island,  Xeb. 

7,554 

G'd  liapids,  Mich.. 

87,565 

Great  Falls,  Mont.. 

14,930 

Green  Bav,  Wis. ... 

18,684 

Greensboro,  X.  C... 
Greensbiirjr,  rnd 

10,035 

5,034 

Greensb  ir-,-,  I'a.  ... 

6,508 

GrccnT;:ie,  Miss.  .. 

7,642 

Greenville,  Ohio.  .. 

5,501 

Greonvilie,  S.  C. ... 

11,860' 

Greenville,  Tex.  ... 

6,860 

Griffin,  Ga  ..   

6,857 

Guthrie,  Okli 

10,006 

llaokensack,  X.  .J. . 

9,443 

Hagerstown,  Md... 

13,591 

Hamilton,  Ohio  .... 

23,914' 

Hammond.  Ind 

12,376 

Hannibal,  Mo 

12,780 

Hanover,  Pa 

5,302 

Harrisburg,  Pa.  ... 

50,167 

Harrison,  N.  J 

10.596 

Hartford,  Ct 

79,850 

Hartford,  Ind 

5,912 

Harvey.  Ill 

5,395 

Hastings,  Neb 

7,188 

Haverhill,  Mass. ... 

37,175 

Cities. 


Haverstraw,  N,  V..  5.935 

Ilazelton,   Pa 14,230 

Helena,  .-Vrk 5,550 

Helena,  Mont 10,770 

Henderson,  Ky 10,272 

Herkimer,  N.  Y.  ...  5,.-.55 

Hillsboro,  Tex 5.346 

Hoboken,  X.  J 59,364 

Holland,  Mich 7,790 

Holyoke,  Mas3 45,712 

Hooiestead,  Pa 12,154 

Honolulu,  Hawaii..  39,306 

Hoosick  Falls,  N.Y  5,671 

Hopkinsville,  Ky..  7.280 

Hornellsville,  X.  Y.  11,916 

Hot  Springs,  Ark.  .  9,973 

HoustO!!,  Tex 44,633 

Hudson,  N.  Y 9,528 

Huntingdon,  Pa 6,053 

Huntington,  Ind...  9,491 

Huntington,  W.  Va.  11,923 

Hiintsville,  Ala 8,068 

Hutchinson,  Kan.  .  *•  9,379 

Ilion,  N.  Y 6,138 

Independence,  Mo. .  6,974 

Indianapolis,  Ind..  169,164 

lola,  Kan 5,791 

Ionia  City,  Mich 5.209 

Iowa  City,  Iowa 7,987 

Iron  Mountain,  M'h.  9,242 

Ir  inton,  f)hio 11,868 

Ironwood,  M-ch.,..  9,705 

Irvington,  X.  .1 5,i'55 

Ishpeming,  Mich...  13,255 

Ithxa,  X.  Y 13,136 

J.ickson,  Mich 25,180 

Jackso:i,  Jliss 7,816 

.I.tckson,  Teun 14,511 

J.icksonville,  Fli...  28,429 

J.ieksonville,  M....  15,078 

J.nme6town,  X.  \'..  .  22,892 

.lanesville,  Wis 13,18.5 

Jeannefte,  Pa    5,865 

Jefferson,  Mo 9,664 

Jeffersonvlle,  I:id. .  10,774 

Jersey  City,  X.J...  206,433 

Johnstown,  X.  Y....  10,130 

Johnstown,  Pa 35,936 

Joliet,  111 29,353 

Joplin,   Mo 26,023 

Kalamazoo,  Mich...  24,404 

K.ine,  Pa 5,296 

Kankakee,  111 13,596 

Kans.HS  City,  Kan  ..  51,418 

Kansas  City,  Mo...  163,752 

Kankauna,  Wis 5,115 

Kearney,  Xeb 5,6.34 

Kearny,  X.  J 10,896 

Keene,  X.  H 9,165 

Kenosha,  Wis 11,606 

Kenton,  Oh'o 6,852 

Keokuk,  Iowa 14,641 

Kewanee,  III S,3rf2 

Key  West,  Fla 17,114 

Kingston,  X.  Y 24,535 

Kirkg'.  ille.  Mo 5,966 

Kuoxville,  Tenn 32,637 

Kokomo,  Ind 10,609 

Laronia,  X.  II 8,042 

Laero.sse,  W^s 28,895 

Lafayette,  Ind 18,lli 

Lake  Charles,  La  ...  6,680 

Lancaster,  Ohio >^,991 

Lancaster,  I'a 41,459 

Lansing,  Mch 16,485 

Lansingbura:,  X.  \'. .  12,595 

Laporte,  Ind 7,113 

Laramie,  Wyo 8,207 

Laredo,  Tex 13,429 

La  .Salle,  111 10,446 

Lanrium,  Mich 5,'<43 

Lawrence,  Kan   ....  10,8'.W 

Lawrence,  Miss 62,559 

Lead,  S.  Dak 6,'.>10 

Leadville,  Col 12,44.5 

Leavenworth,  Kan..  20, '35 

Lebanon,  I'a 17,628 

LewistoD,  Me 23,761 

Lexington ,  Ky 26,369 


Popula- 
tion. 


Lima,  Ohio 

Lincoln,  III 

1  l.inroln,  Xeb 

Litrhfield,  111 , 

Little  Falls,  Minn.., 

Little  Falls,  N.  Y... 

Little  Kock,  Ark..., 
'Lock  Haven,   Pa... 

Lockport,  X.  Y ..... 

Logan,  Utah , 

Logansport.   Ind... 
]  [.on;.'  Branih,  X.  J. , 

Lorain,  Ohio 

'Los  Angelea,  Cal. . , 
;  Louisi  ma  C  ty.  Mo 

j  Louisville,  Ky 

|Lowelli  Slass , 

iLudinfrton,  Alich  .. , 
I  Lynchburg,  Va...., 

!  Lynn,  Mass , 

'  Mc  Keesp'  >rt,  Pa 

jMcKee's  Uoeks,  Pa. 
j  Macomb,  111 , 

Macon,  Ga , 

[Madison,  Ind.     ..., 
IMa'lison,  Wis 

Mahanoy,  Pa 

Maiden,  Mass 

Malone,  X.Y , 

Manchester,  N.  H... 

Manchester,  Va. .... 
1  Manistee,  Mich 

Manitowoc,  Wis 

Mankato,  Jlinn.  . . . , 

Mansfield,  Ohio  .... 

Marietta,  Oho 

.Ma:  inette,  Wis. , . . , 

Marion,  Ind , 

Marion,  Ohio 

Marlboro,  Mass 

I  Marquette,  Mich 

I  Marshall,  Mo , 

Mar.-,liall,  Tex....    , 

Mar^iialltown,  Iowa 

MarshtteM,  Wis.. 

Martinsburg,  W.Va. 

Martin's  Feny,  ( )hio 

Mason  City,  Imva  .. 

M  iSbill'ni,  Ohio 

Matawan,  X.Y^ 

Mattoon,  111 

iMaysville,  Ky 

.Meidville,  Pa 

Medford,  Miss 

.Melrose,  Mass 

.Memphi.s,  Tenn.   ... 

Menasha,  Wis, 
,  Menominee,  Mich.. . 

Meni'minee,  Wis.   ., 

Meriden,  Ct 

Meriilian,  Mi>s.    

Merrill,  Wis 

Mexico,  Mo.. 

Michigan  City,  In.l. 

Middletown,  Ct 

l.Mi,l.lletown,  X.\'.  .. 
!  Middletown,  Ohi.i.. 

'. Middletown,  Pa 

'.Millvale,  Pa 

i-MiUville,  N.J 

! Milton,  Pa 

jMilwankee,  W.s 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Mishauaka,  Ind.   ., 

.Moberly,  Mo 

Mobile,  Ala 

Mohne,  III 

.Monmouth,  111 

Monongiliela,  Pa. . . 

.Mum  oe,  La 

Monroe,   Mich     .... 

Montclair,  X.  .1.    ... 

Montgomery,  Ala  . . 

Montpelier,  Vi 

Morristown,  N.  .1 

.Mounilsville,  W.Va. 

Mt.  Carinel,  I'a 

Mt.  Clemens,  Mich.. 

Mt.  Vernon,  ill 


Popula- 
tion. 


21,723 
8,962 

40,169 
5,918 
5,774 

10,381 

38,307 
7,210 

16,581 ; 

5,451 

16,204 

8,872 

16,028 

1(12,479 

5,131 

204,731 

94,969 

7,166 

18,891 

68,513 

34,227 

6,352 

5,375 

23,272 

7,835 

19,184 

13,504 

33,664 

5,935 

56,9S7 

9,715 

14,260 

11,786' 

10,599 

17,640 

13,348 

16,195! 

17,337 

11,862 

13,609; 

10,058 

5,086! 

7,855: 

11,544 

5,240 

7,564 

7,760 

6,746' 

11,944 

5,807 

9,622 

6,423 

10,291 

18,244 

12,'.t62 

102,320 

5,589 

12,818, 

5,655 1 

24,296 

14,o5o[ 

8,537 

5,099' 

14,!550 

9,589 

14,522 

9,215' 

5,6081 

6,736; 

10,583 

6,175 

285,315 

202,718 

5,560 

8,012; 

38,469! 

17,24S! 

7,460' 

5,173; 

5,428 

5,043 

13,962 

30,346' 

6,266 

11,267! 

5,362 

13,179 

6,576 

5,2161 


CrriKS. 


Popula- 
tion. 


Mt.  Vernon,  Ind. . .. 
Mt.  Vernoi),  N.Y.,.. 
JI'.  Vernon,  Ohio. . . 

Muncie,  Ind 

Murphysboro,  111 . . . 
Muscatine,  Iowa. . . , 
Muskegon,  Mich., . . 

Xantic  ke.  Pa 

X:ishua,  N.  H 

Nashville,  Tenn..,. 

Natchez,  Miss 

N  ir.gaturk,  Ct 

Nebraska  City,  Xeb. 

-Neeiiah,  Wis 

Xesraunee,  Mich 

Nelsonville,  Ohio.. . 

Nevada,  JIo 

New  Albany,  ind... 

Newark,  N.  J 

Newark,  Ohio 

New  Bedford,  Mass. 

Newborn,  X.  C 

New  Brighton,  Pa.. 
New  Britain,  Ct.... 
N.  Brunswick,  N.  J. 
Newburgh,  N.  Y  ... 
Newbnrgh,  Ohio. .. . 
Newburyport,  Mass. 

Newcastle,  Pa 

New  Haven,  Ct 

New  Iberia,  La 

New  London,  Ct.... 
New  Orleans,  La... 
N.  Philadelphia,  O.. 

Newport,  Ky 

Newport,  U.  I 

Newport  X'ews,  Va. 
New  ligcielle,  X.  Y. 

Newton, Tvan 

Newton,  Mass 

New  L'lm,  Minn.. 
N.  Whateom,  Wash. 
New  Y'ork,  X'.  Y .. . 
Niagara  Falls,  N.Y. 

Niles,  C)hio 

Nome,  Alaska  *  . . . . 

Norfolk,  Va 

Norristown.  Pa.  .  . 
North  Adams.ilass 
Northaiiiptr^n,  Mass. 
N.  rthBraddock,Pa. 
N'hPlalnfield,  N.  J 
N.  Tonawaada,  N.Y'. 

Norwalk,  Ct 

Norwalk,  Ohio.  .. 

Norwich,  Ct 

Norwich,  N.  Y'.  . . 
Norwood,  Ohio. . . 

Oakland,  Cal 

Oconto,  Wis 

Oelwein,  Iowa.  .. 

Ogden,  Utah 

O^densbiirg,  N.  Y 

Oil  City,  Pa 

Oklahoma  CI ty,OkIa 

Old  ForKC,  Pa 

Oldtown,  Me 

Olean,  N.  Y 

Olyphant,  Pa 

Omaha,  Nib 

Oneida,  N.  i' 

Oneonta,  >#.  Y 

Orange  City,  N.  J.  . 

Oshko.sh,  Wis 

Oskaloosa,  Iowa.... 

Ossining,  N.  Y 

O.swego,  N.Y' 

Ottawa,  1:1 

Ottawa,  Kan 

OttUTowa,  Iowa.... 
Owatonna,  Minn. .  . 

Owego,  N.Y" 

Owensboro,  Ky 

Owosso,  Mich 

Padncah,  Ky 

Painesville,  Ohio... 

Palestine,  Tex 

Pana,  111 

ParU,m 


5,132 

21,228 

6,633 

20,942 

6,463 

14,073 

20,818 

12,116 

23,898 

80,865 

12,216 

10,541 

7,380 

5,954 

6,935 

5,4'Jl 

7,461 

20,628 

246,070 

18,157 

62,442 

9,090 

6,^20 

25,998 

20,006 

24,943 

5,909 

14,478 

28,339 

108,027 

6,8:5 

17,548 

287,104 

6,213 

28,301 

C2,034 

19,635 

14,720 

6,208 

33,587 

5,403 

6,834 

3,437,202 

19,457 

7,463 

12,488 

46,624 

22,265 

24,200 

18,643 

6,535 

5,009 

9,069 

6,125 

7,074 

17,251 

5,766 

6,480 

66,960 

5,646 

5,142 

16,313 

12,633 

13,264 

10,037 

5,630 

6,763 

9,462 

6,180 

102,555 

6,364 

7,147 

24,141 

28,284 

9,212 

7,939 

22,199 

10,588 

6,934 

18,197 

5,561 

6,039 

13,189 

8,696 

19,446 

5,024 

8,297 

5,530 

6,105 


Population  of  Incorporated  Places  in  the  United  States.     637 

INCORPORATED  PLACES  HAVING  5,000  INHABITANTS  OR  UORF.— Continued. 


CrriKs. 


.Va. 


Popula- 
tion. 


Paris,  Tex 

Parkersburtj,  \V 

ParS'His,  Kin 

Pasadena,  Cal 

Passaic,  N.  .1 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Pawtucket,  U.  I 

Peekskill,  N.  Y 

Pekin,  111 

Peu8;icola,  Fla , 

Peoria,  111 , 

Perth  Amboy,  N.  J, 

Peru,  111 

Pt-ru,  Ind 

Petersburg,  Va. ... 
Petoskey,  Mich. . .. 
Philadelphia,  Pa... 
Phillipsburg,  N.  J. 

Phoeni.x,  Ariz 

Phoenixville,  Pa. .. 
Pine  Bluff,  Ark.... 

Piqua,  Ohio 

Pittsburgh,  Kan.  . 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.  ... 
Pittsfield,  Mass... 

Pittston,  Pa 

Plaiufield,  X  J.... 
Plattsburg,  N.  Y. . 

Plym.mth,  Pa 

Pomono,  Cal 

Pontiac,  Mich 

Portage,  Wis 

Port  Chester,  N.  Y 
Port  Huron,  Mich. 
Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.. 

Portland,  Me 

Portland,  Ore 

Portsmouth,  N.  II. 
Portsmouth,  Ohio  . 
Portsmouth,  Va. . . 
Pottstown,  Pa.  ... 

Pottsville,  Pa 

Poughkeepsie,  N.Y 
Princeton,  Ind.... 
Providence,  11.  I.  . 

Provo,  Utah 

Pueblo,  Col 

Putnam,  Ct 

Quincy,  III 

Quiiicy,  Mass 

llacine.  Wis 

Kahway,  N.  J 

Raleigh,  N.  C 

Heading,  Pa 

Red  Bank,  N.  J... 
Red  Wing,  Minn.  . 
Rensselaer,  N.Y... 
Richmond,  Ind.. 
Richmond,  Va.  . 
Riverside,  Cal. .. 
Roanoke,  Va  .... 
Rochester,  Minn 
Rochester,  N.  H, 


9,358 
11,703 

■7,682 

9,117 

27,-77 

105,171 

39,231 

10,358 

8,420 
17,747 
56,100 
17,699 

6,863 

8,463 
21,310 

5,285 

1,293,697 

10,062 

6,544 

9,196 
11,496 
12,172 
10,112 
321,616 
21,766 
12,556 
15,369 

8,434 
13,649 

5,526 

9,7iV> 

5,459 

7,440 
18,168 

9,385 
50,145 
90,426 
10,637 
17,870 
17,427 
13,696 
15,710 
24,029 

6,041 
175,597 

6,185 
28,157 

6,667 
36,252 
23,899 
29,102 

7,935 
13,643 
78,961 

5,428 

7,525 
7,466 

18,226 

85,050 

7,973 

21,495 
6,843 
8,466 


Cities. 


Popula- 
tion. 


Rochester,  N .  Y . . 

Kockford,  111.  ... 

Rock  Hill,  S.  C... 
jRock  Island,  111.. 

(Rockland,  Me 

jRockville,  Ct 

I  Rome,  Oa 

Rome,  N.  Y 

!  Rutland,  Vt 

jSaco,  Me 

I  Sacramento,  Cal. 

Saginiw,  Mich. . . 

St.  Albans,  Vt.  .. 

St.  Charles,  Mo.  . 

St.  Cloud,  Minn. . 

St.  .Johnsbury,  Vt 

St.  .Joseph,  Mich. 

St.  Joseph,  Mo 

jSt.  Louis,  ilo 

St.  Mary's,  Ohio — 

I  St.  Paul,  Minn 

ISalem,  Mass 

jSalem,  N.  .1 

Salem,  Ohio 

Salina,  Kan 

[Salisbury,  N.  C 

Salt  Lake,  Utah 

San  Antonio,  Tex... 

San  Bernardino, Cal. 

vSau  Diego,  Cal 

Sandusky,  •  >hio 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

San  Jose,  Cal 

S.ant  I  Barbara,  Cal. 

Santa  Crnz,  Cal.. .. 

Santa  Fe,  N.  M 

Santa  Rosa,  Cal .... 

Saratoga  Sp's,  N.Y, 

Sault  Ste. Marie, Mh. 

Savannah,  Ga 

3ayre,  Pa 

Schenectady,  N.  Y.. 

Scranton,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Sedalia,  Mo 

Seima,  Ala 

Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y... 

Seymour,  Ind 

Shamokin,  Pa 

Sharon,  Pa 

Sharpsburg,  Pa 

Sheboygan,  Wis.... 

[Shelbyville,  Ind 

IShenaiidoah,  Pa 

; Sherman,  Tex 

Shreveport,  La 

Sidney,  Ohio 

Sioux  City,  Iowa... 
Sioux  Falls,  S.  Dak. 
Somer.sworth,  X.  H. 
Somerville,  Mass... 
South  Amboy,  N.  J. 
South  Bend,  Ind 


162,608 
31,061 
5,485 
19,493 
8,160 
7,287 
7,291 
15,348 
11,499 
6,122 
29,282 
42,345 
6,239 
7,982 
S,663 
5,666 
5,155 
102,979 
575,'J38 
5,359 
163,065 
35,966 
5,811 
7,582 
6,074 
6,277 
53,531 
53,:^21 
6,150 
17,700 
l'S664 
342,782 
21,500 
6,587 
5,659 
5,603 
6,673 
12,409 
Ki,5:;8 
54,244 
5,243 
31,682 
102,026 
80,671 
16,2.n 
8,713 
6,519 
6,445 
18,202 
8,916 
6,842 
22,962 
7,169 
30,321 
10,243 
16,013 
5,688 
33,111 
10,266 
7,023 
61,643 
6,349 
35,999 


CiTIKS. 


SouthHethlebem,Pa. 
South  Xorwalk,  Ct.. 
South  Dniaha,  Ke!i.. 
South  Portland,  Me. 
Spartanburg,   S.  C. 

Spokane,  Wash 

Springfield,   111 

Springfield,  Miss. . . 

Springfield,  Mo 

Springfield,  Ohio... 
Sprint;  Valley,  111... 

Stamford,  Ct 

Staunton,  Va 

Steelton,  Pa 

Sterling,  111    

Steubenville,  Ohio.. 
Stevens  Point,  Wis. 
Stillwater,  Minn. . . 

.Stockton,  Cal 

Streator,  III 

Summit,  N.  J 

Sumter,  S.  C 

Sunbury,  Pa 

Superior,  Wis 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Tacoma,  Wash 

Talladega,  Ala 

Tamaqua,  Pa 

Tampa,  Fla 

Tarentum,  Pa 

Taunton,  Mass 

Temple,  Tex 

Terre  llaute,  Ind. .. 

Terrell,  Tex 

Texirkana,  Tex.f.. 
Thomasville,  Ga. .. . 

Tiffin,  Ohio 

Titusville,  Pa 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Tonawanda,  X.  Y.. . 

Topeka,  Kan 

Torrington,  Ct 

Traverse  City,  Mich, 

Trenton,  Mo 

Trenton,  N.  J 

Trinidad,  Col 

Troy,  N.Y 

Troy,  Ohio , 

Tucson,  Ariz 

Tuscaloosa,  Ala..., 

Tyler,  Tex 

Tyrone,  Pa 

Union,  N.  J 

Union,  S.  C 

Uniontown,  Pa.  . .. 

Urbana,  III 

Urbana,  Ohio , 

Utica,  N.  Y.  .. 

Valdosta,  Ga 

Vallejo,  Cal 

Valparaiso,  Ind.  ... 

Van  Wert,  Ohio 


Popula- 
tion. 


13,241 
6,591 
26,001 
6,287 
11,395 
36,84s 
34,159 
62,059 
23,267 
38,253 
6,214 
15,997 
7,269 
12,086 
6,309 
14,349 
9,524 
12,318 
17,506 
14,079 
5,302 
5,673 
9,810 
31,091 
108,374 
37,714 
5,056 
7,267 
15,839 
5,472 
31,036 
7,065 
36,673 
6,330 
5,256 
5,322 
10,989 
8,244 
131, s22 
7,421 
33,608 
8,360 
9,407 
6,396 
73,307 
5,345 
60,651 
5,881 
■  7,531 
5,094 
8,069 
5,847 
15,187 
5,400 
7,:i44 
5,728 
6,808 
56,383 
5,613 
7,965 
6,280 
6,422 


CiTIKS. 


Popula- 
tion. 


Vicksburg,  Miss.  .. 

Viniennes,  Ind 

Wabash,  Ind 

Waco,   Tex 

Walla  Walla.Wash. 
Wallingford,  Ct.... 
Waltham,  Mass.  ... 

Warren,  Ohio 

Warren,  Pa 

Washington,  D.C... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Pa. . . . 
Washinaton  C.H.,0, 

Waterbury,  Ct 

Waterloo,  Iowa 

Watertown,  N.Y  . . 
Watertown,  Wis.. . . 

W.aterville,  Me 

Watervlict,  N.  Y.... 

Waukegan,  111 

Waukesha,  Wis 

Wausan,  Wis.  .'. 

Waycross,  Ga 

Waynesboro,  Pa.... 

Webb  City,  Mo 

Wellston,  Ohio 

Wellsville,  Ohio.... 

W.  Bay  City,  Mich. 

Westbrook,  Me 

Westchester,  Pa... 

West  Ha\-^n,  Ct 

West  Hoboken,  N.J. 
West  Xevv  York, N.J. 
West  Orange,  N.  J. . 

West  Pittston,  Pa.. 

Whee    ng,  W.  Va.  . 

White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

Wiek'ta,  Kan 

Wilkes-Barre,  Pa  . . 

Wilkinsburg,  Pa... 

Williamsport,  Pa.  . 

Willimantic,  Ct 

Wilmington,  Del... 

Wilmington,  X.  C 

Winchester,  Ky 

Winchester,  Va.  ... 

Winfield,  Kan 

Winona,  Minn 

Winsted,  Ct 

Winstou-S.i'in,N.C.t 

Woburn,  Mass 

Woon socket,  R.  I. . . 

Wooster,  Ohio 

Worcester,  Mass.... 

Wyandotte,  Kan,... 

Xenia,  Ohio 

Yonkers,  X.Y 

York,  Neb 

York,  Pa 

Youngstown,  Ohio.. 

Ypsilanti,  Mich 

Zanesville,  Ohio. .. . 


14,834 
10,249 
8,t.l8 
20,i'86 
10,049 
6,737 
23,481 
8,529 
8,043 
278,718 
8,551 
7,670 
6,751 
45,859 
12,580 
21,696 
8,437 
9,477 
14,321 
9,426 
7,419 
12,354 
6,fa9 
6,396 
9,201 
8,045 
6,146 
13,119 
7,283 
9,524 
5.247 
23,094 
5, '.'67 
6,^89 
5,846 
38,878 
7,899 
24,671 
51.721 
11,886 
28,757 
8,937 
76,503 
20,^76 
5,964  • 
5,161 
6,554 
19,714 
6,804 
13.650 
14,254 
28,204 
6,0ri3 
118,421 
6,183 
8,696 
47,931 
5,132 
33,708 
44.885 
7,378 
23,538 


*Xot  incorporated,      f  Texarkana,  Tex.,  has  5,256;   Texarhana,  Ark.,  a  separate  incorporation,  4,914.      J  Winston,  10,008; 
Salem,  3,642 — separate  places,  but  practically  one  town,  having  only  one  post-otlice,  Winston-S.alem.  , 

POPULATION  OP  NEW  ENGLAND  TOWNS  NOT  IXCLUDED  IN  THE  ABOVE  TABULATION. 


Towns. 


Popula- 
tion. 


CONNECTICUT. 


Towns. 


Popula- 
tion. 


'Towns, 


Popula- 
tion.' 


Towns. 


Popula- 
tion. 


Branfnrd 

East  Hartford. 

Greenwich 

Groton 

Killingly 

Manchester. ... 

Orange 

Soiithington. . . 
Stonington .... 


MASSACHUSETTS, 

Adams 

Amesbury 

Amherst  4 . . 

Andover 

Arlington 

Athol 

Attleboro 

Blackstone 

Braiutree 


5,706 
6,406 

12,172 
5,962 
6,835 

10,601 
6,9;i5 
5,890 
8,540 

11,134 
9,473 
5,028 
6,813 
8,603 
7,061 

11,3M,^ 
6,721 
5,981 


Brookline 19,935  Montague 6,150 

Bridgewater 5,806Natick 9,488 

Clinton 13,667  North  Attleboro 7,253 

Concord 6,662  Northbridgd 7,036 

Danvers 8,542  Norwood 5,480 

Dedham 7,457jOrange 6,520 

Easthampton 6,603|Palmer 7,801 

Framingham ll,302JPeabody 11,523 

Franklin 5,017, Plymouth 9,59V 

Gardner 10,813  Revere 10,395 

Great  Barrington 6,854  Rockland 6,327 

Greenfield 7,927'Saugus 5,084 

Hingham 5,059  Sonthbridge 10,ii25 

Hudson 6,454  Spencer 7,6-.'7 

Hyde  Park 13,244  Stoneham 6,197 

Leomister 12,392iStoughton 5,442 


Wellesley 

Westboro 

Westfield 

West  Springfield. 

Weymouth 

Whitman 

Williamstown.. . . 

Winchendon 

Winchester 

Wintlirop 


Marblehead 7,582 

Methuen 7,512 

Middleboro 6,885 

Milford 11,376 

Milton 6,678, 


W.akefield 9,290 

Ware 8,263 

W.atertown 9,706 

Webster 8,8041 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

Bristol 

Burrillville 

Coventry 

East  Providence 

Lincoln y 

Warren 

Warwick. 

Westerly 


6,072 
5,400 

13,310 
7,105 

11,324 
6,165 
6,013 
5,001 
7,248 
6,058 


6,901 
6,317 
5,279 

12,138 
8.937 
5,108 

21,31« 
7,541 


6H8 


F'oreign-Tiorn  Population  of  Ziargest  Cities. 


JForcffln^iUoru  J^opulation  of  ILarucst  Qtititu 

OF  THE  UNITED    STATES-CENSUS  OF  1900. 


Principai.  Counteiks 
OF  Birth. 


Total 

Austria 

Bohemia 

Canada  ( Kiiglish)t 
Canada  ( French)t. 

Denmark 

England 

France 

Gei-manj' 

Holland 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italj' 

IMexico 

Norway 

Poland  (Austrian) 
Poland  (German). 
Poland  (Russian). 
Poland  (unknown) 

Russia 

Scotland 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Wales 

Other  countries 


Baltimore. 


Num- 
ber. 

"^.600 


1,356 

2,321 

629 

51 

107 

2,841 

369 

33,208 

98 

155 

9.690 

2, 042 

12 

188 

139 

733 

1.694 

245 


Per 
Ct. 


100 


2.0 
3.4 
0.9 
0.1 
0.2 
4.1 
0.5 

48.4 
0.1 
0.2 

14.1 

3.0 

< 

0.3 
0.2 
1.1 
2.5 
0.4 


10, 493  15.  3 


594 

236 

186 

92 

1,121 


0.9 
0.3 
0.3 
0.1 
1.6 


Boston. 


Num- 
ber. 


197,129 


Per 
Ct. 


1,115 

93 

47, 374 

2,908 

675 

13.174 

1.003 

10, 523 

391 

330 

70,147  35.6 


100 

0.6 

■K 

24.0 
1.5 
0.3 
6.7 
0.5 
5.3 
0.2 
0.2 


13, 738 

13 

1,145 

61 

216 

3,375 

180 

14,995 

4,473 

5,541 

400 

308 

4,951 


7.0 

•» 

0.6 

* 

0.1 
1.7 
0.1 
7.6 
2.3 
2.8 
0.2 
0.2 
2.5 


Buffalo. 


Num- 
ber. 


104,  252 


776 

39 

16,509 

733 

148 

6,908 

791 

36,720 

311 

215 

11, 292 

5,669 

8 

185 

2,643 

13,092 

2,811 

284: 

1,199 
1,868 
743 
590 
153 
565 


Per 
Ct. 


100 


Chicago. 


Cincinnati. 


0.8 

* 

15.8 
0.7 
0.1 
6.6 
0.8 

35.2 
0, 
0, 

10. 
5 

0.2 
2.5 
12.6 
2.7 
0.3 
1.2 
1.8 
0.7 
0  6 
0.2 
0.5 


Num-       Per      Num-       Per      Num-     i  Per 
ber.        Ct.        ber.        Ct.        ber.     ]  Ct. 

587,112  loo     57 , 961 1 loO ' l24 .ll31  "lOO 


Cleveland. 


Dtl  Ri>lT. 


2.0 
6.2 
5.0 
0.9 
1.7 
5.0 
0.5 


11,815 
36,362 
29, 472 

5,307 
10, 166 
29,. 308 

2,989 

170,738  29.1 

18,555'  3.2 

4.946    0.8 

73,912  12.6 

16,008    2.7 

102 1     * 

22,011: 

9.499' 
32,995' 
15,026 

2.193 
24,178: 
10, 347  i 
48,8361 

3,251 

1,818 

7,2781 


3.8 
1.6 
5.6 
2.6 
0.4 
4.1 
1.8 
8.3 
0.6 
0.3 
1.2 


1.1 

0.2 


654 

94 

928 

103 

49 

2,201 

748 

38,219  65l  9 

369  i  0.6 

208!  0.4 

9,114 

917 

18 

12 

4 

89 
344 
34 
1,976 
461 
111 
657 
240 
411 


i5.  7 
1.6 


0.2 
0.6 
0.1 
3.4 
0.8 
0.2 
1.1 
0.4 
0.7 


4.630    3.7 

13,  599  10.  9 

7,839    6.3 

772 

373 

10,621 

485 

40,648 

804 

9.558 

13, 120 

3, 065 

9 

249 

752 

3,577 

4,119 

144 

3.607 

2,179 

1,000 

1,288 

1,490 

703 


0.6 
0.3 
8.5 
a4 

32.6 
0.6 
7.7 

10.5 

2.5 

« 

0.2 
0.6 
2.9 
3.3 
0.1 
2.9 
1.8 
0.8 
1.0 
L2 
0.6 


Num- 
ber. 

"96.503 

471 
612 


Per 
Ct. 

100 

0.5 
0.6 


25,403  26. 


3,541 

231 

6,347 

589 

32,027 

397 

91 

6,412 

905 

8 

75 

1.074 


3 
0, 
6. 
0. 
33.2 

a4 

0.1 

6.7 
0.9 


10,703:11 


1,738 

1161 

1,332! 

2,496i 

267 

491 

101 

1,076' 


0.1 
1.1 


PkINCIPAL  CODNTRIES 

OF  Birth. 


Total 

Austria 

Bohemia 

Canada,  (Eng.)1 
Canada(French)t 

Denmark 

England 

Fra>ice 

Germany 

Holland 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italy 

Mexico 

Norway 

Polarid'(.\u.strian) 
Poland  ((German) 
Poland  (Russian) 
Poland,  (unkn'n) 

Ru.ssift 

Scotland 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Wales 

Other  countries. 


Milwaukee. 


Num- 
ber. 


88,919 


1.616 

1.719 

1,687 
217 
514 

2,134 

263 

53,854 

606 

381 

2,663 

726 

6 

1,702 

627 

15,115 

1,245 
46 

1,135 
667 
659 
a53 
307 1 
459I 


Per 

Ct, 


100 


1.8 
1.9 
1.9 
0.2 
0.6 
2.4 
0.3 
60.5 
0.7 
0.4 
3.0 

0.8 

* 

1.9 
0.7 
17.0 
1.4 
0.1 
1.3 
0.8 
0.7 
0.7 
0.4 
0.5 


New  Orleans 


Num- 
ber. 


30,325 


Per. 
Ct. 


100 


391 

1  1.3 

17    0.1 

310    1.0 

85    0.3 

92    0.3 

1,262    4.2 

4,428  14.6 

8. 733  28.  8 

47    0.2 

68    0.2 

5,398  17.8 

5,866  19.3 

299 

1.0 

95 

0.3 

1 

•K 

10 

* 

29 

0.1 

15;  0  1 

439    1.4 

218    0.7 

170:  0.6 

314    1.0 

35    0.1 

2,003 

6.6 

New  York. 


Num- 
ber. 

1^270,080 

71,427 

15, 055 

19,399 

2. 527 

5.621 

68,836 

14,755 

322,343 

2,608 

31.516 

275, 102 

145.433 

282 

11,387 

3,995 

1,881 

25,231 

1,766 

155,201 

19.836 

28,320 

8.371 

1,686 

37,502 


Per 
Ct. 


100 


5.6 

1.2 

1.5 

0.2 

0.4 

5.4 

1.2 

25.4 

0.2 

2.5 

21.7 

11.5 

* 

0.9 
0.3 
0.1 
2.0 
0.1 
12.2 
1.6 
2.2 
0.7 
0.1 
3.0 


Philadel- 
phia. 


Num- 
ber. 


295,340 


5,154 

270 

2,989 

294 

934 

36,752 

2,521 

71,319 

258 

2,785 

98.42 

17, 830 

63 

692 

970 

1,728 

4,163 

693 

28.951 

8,479 

2,143 

1,707 

1.033 

5,185 


Per 
Ct. 


100 


1.8 
0.1 
1.0 
C.l 
0.3 

12.4 
0.9 

24.2 
0.1 
0.9 

33.3 

6  0 

• 

0.2 
0.3 
0.6 
1.4 
0.2 
9.8 
2.9 
0.7 
0.6 
0.4 
1.8 


Pittsburgh. 

St.  Louis. 

Num- 

Per 

Num- 

Per 

ber. 

ct. 

100 
4.2 

ber. 
111,356 

Ct. 
100 

2.3 

84,878 

3,653 

2,563 

75 

0.1 

2,590 

2.3 

994 

1.2 

2,1511  1.9 

79 

0.1 

3391  0.3 

38 

* 

390i  0.4 

8,902 

10.5 

5.800 

5.2 

573 

0.7 

1,462 

1.3 

21,222 

25.0 

58,781 

52.8 

62 

0.1 

368 

0.3 

2.124 

2.5 

561 

0.5 

18,620 

21.9 

19.421 

17.4 

5,709 

6.7 

2,227 

2.0 

0 

» 

76 

0.1 

63 

0.1 

172 

0.2 

1,023 

1.2 

322 

0.3 

3,515 

4.1 

1.192 

1.1 

6,243 

7.4 

1,248 

1.1 

403 

0.5 

95 

0.1 

4,107 

4.8 

4,785 

4.3 

2.264 

2.7 

1,264 

1.1 

1.072 

1.3 

1,116 

l.Oi 

544 

0.6 

2,752 

2.5 

2,539 

3.0 

238 

0.2' 

1,149 

1.3 

1,443 

0.3' 

San 
Francisco. 


Num- 
ber. 


116,885    100 


*  Le8.s  thin  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent,    t  Includes  Newfoundland. 

Total  foreign-born  population  of  Allegheny,  Pa.,  30.216;  Atlanta, Ga.,  2.531;  Charleston,  S.  C, 
2.n9'l:    Columbus,    0.,_12,328;_  Denver,    Col.,  25^301;   Fall  River,   Mass.,  50, 042 j    Hartford,  Ct., 


Ninety-four  per  cent,  of  the  foreign-born  population  Is  resident  in  the  Northern  and  6  per  cent, 
in  thp  Southern  States.  .     .  .  ,  ,       . 

Of  the  population  in  the  United  State.s  in  1900.  34.3  per  cent,  was  of  wholly  or  partial  foreign 
parentage.    This  includes  13. 7  per  cent,  of  foreign  born. 


Finances  of  Largest  Cities,  639 

jFinanccs  of  fLargest  (tiiitn 

The  C?nsus  Office  under  date  of  October  4,  1907,  issued  a  Bulletin  presenting  official 
statistics  relating  to  the  finances  of  cities  having  a  population  of  over  :iU,(X)0.  This  Bulletin 
summarized  the  contents  of  the  annual  report  of  the  Census  Office  and  covered  the 
year   iy05. 

POPULATION   AND    AREA. 

The  number  of  cities  included  in  this  report  is  154,  of  which  15  had  over  300,000 
inhabitants,  25  between  100,000  and  300,000,  47  between  50,000  and  100,000.  and  67  under 
50,000.  »  Of  the  154  cities.  New  York  had  the  largest  land  area— 200,218  acres;  New 
Orleans  stood  second,  with  125,000;  Chicago  third,  with  117,447;  Philadelphia  fourth,  with 
81,828,  and  Duluth  fifth,  with  40,550.  The  five  cities  named  were  the  only  ones  with 
over  40,000  acres  of  land  surface.  Six  cities  had  over  30,000  acres  and  less  than  40,000. 
They  are  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Denver,  Colo.;  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  St.  Paul 
and  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  with  areas  in  the  order  named.  The  other  cities  covering  over 
20,000  acres  were,  in  the  order  of  decreasing  areas:  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah;  Taunton,  Mass.;  Sioux  City,  Iowa;  Los  Angeles,  Cal.;  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. ;  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Boston,  Mass.;  Springfield,  Mass.;  Portland,  Ore.;  Worcester,  Mass.; 
Superior  Wis.;  Detroit,  Mich.;  San  Antonio,  Texas;  Fall  River,  Mass.;  Wichita,  Kans.; 
Manchester,   N.   H.;   Seattle,   Wash.,   and  Haverhill,   Mass. 

The  city  having  the  smallest  land  area  was  Hoboken  N.  J.,  with  825  acres.  There 
is  often  great  disproportion  between  the  area  covered  by  a  city  and  Che  number  o-f  its 
inhabitants.  Duluth,  Minn.,  with  64.042  inhabitants,  takes  in  more  territory  than  Sit. 
Louis,  with  its  636.073;  Salt  Lake  City,  with  a  population  of  6,554  less  than  Hoboken, 
includes  an  area  thirty-five  times  as  great.  Of  the  cities  containing  over  100,000  popula- 
tion, Allegheny,  Pa.,  had  the  smallest  land  area— 4,726  acres.  Paterson,  N.  J.,  had  the 
next  smallest — 5.157  acres;  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  the  next— 6,240  acres;  Atlanta,  Ga.,  the 
next— 7,680;  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  the  next— 8,320,  and  Memphis,  Tenn.,  the  next— 
9,772    acres. 

COSTS     OF     GOVERNMENT. 

The  costs  of  government  to  the  taxpayer  were  represented  approximately  for  the 
several  cities  by  what  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  calls  "corporate  payments."  These 
payments  exclude  all  temporary  transactions  and  payments  of  one  department  or  fund 
of  the  city  to  another.  For  the  1.54  cities  they  aggregated,  in  the  fiscal  year  1905,  $572,- 
960,11.3,    of  w-hich   those  of  New  Y^ork  City   constituted  $164,493,177,    or  28.7   per  cent. 

Of  the  154  cities  whose  statistics  were  presented  in  this  special  report,  the  Census 
had  secured  and  presented  in  previous  reports  and  bulletins  of  1902.  1903  and  1904,  the 
statistics  of  148.  The  corporate  pavments  for  these  cities  for  the  four  years,  1902  to  1905. 
were  as  follows:  $468,747,556,  $522,699,016,  $553,229,200  and  $.569,. 503, 687.  The  corporate 
pavments  or  costs  of  government  for  these  148  cities  for  1903.  1904  and  1905  were  11.5, 
18  and  21.5  per  cent  greater,  respectively,  than  for  1902.  The  corresponding  payments  for 
New  York  Citv  in  the  four  years  mentioned  were  $129,095,546,  $156,886,282,  $167,060,171 
and  $164,493,177. 

Of  the  total  corporate  payments  of  these  154  cities,  66.6  per  cent,  were  for  the  cnrro)>t 
expenses  of  operation  and  maintenance,  including  the  support  of  the  departments  and 
industries;  32.1  per  cent,  were  for  outlays,  or  improvements  of  a  more  or  less  permanent 
character;  and  1.3  per  cent,  were  for  reduction  of  indebtedness.  The  corresponding  per- 
centages for  the  cities  investigated  in  1902  were  71.2  for  expenses.  27.3  for  outlays  and 
1.5  for  reduction  of  debt.  .The  relative  increase  of  payments  in  the  four  years  was,  there- 
fore, somewhat  greater  for  permanent  improvements  than  for  mere  expenses  of  operation 
and  maintenance. 

Of  cities  with  an  estimated  population  of  over  300,000,  the  per  capita  corporate 
payments  were  largest  in  Boston  and  smallest  in  Milwaukee.  Next  in  order,  after  Boston, 
were  New  York  and  Washington;  and  of  the  cities  with  small  relative  cost  of  govern- 
ment.  New  Orleans,   Detroit  and   Chicago  are  close  rivals  with  Milwaukee. 

Of  the  payments  for  general  expenses,  61.8  per  cent,  were  for  salaries  and  wages,  and 
3S.2  per  cent,  were  for  other  purposes.  In  1904  the  corresponding  percentages  were  61.7 
and  38.3,  respectively.  The  per  cents,  of  the  total  expenses  formed  by  those  of  tha 
principal  departments  or  branches  of  service  were  as  follows:  Schools.  25.9;  Police  Depart- 
ment, 12.7;  highways,  10.8;  interest  on  public  debt.  10.1;  Fire  Department,  9.5;  general 
government,  9;  sanitation,  including  costs  of  Health  Department,  sewers,  etc.,  8.8; 
<-liaritie3,  5.7;  recreation,  including  parks,  3;  miscellaneous  protection  of  life  and  property, 
1.7;   libraries,   1.2,   and  other  unclassified,    1.6. 

RECEIPTS. 

During  the  fiscal  year  1905  the  corporate  receipts  for  the  154  cities  were  $575,814,774. 
The  corresponding  receipts  for  the  148  cities  for  w^hich  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  secured 
reports  for  the  years  1902  to  1905  were  as  follows:  $476,668,975.  $528,586,954,  $588,611,566 
and  $.572,404,512.  It  is  to  be  noted  that  these  receipts  were  largest  in  1904,  and  smallest 
in  1902.  As  compared  with  1902,  the  receipts  were  greater  by  10.9  per  cent,  in  1903,  by 
23.5  per  cent,   in  1904  and  20.1  per  cent,   in  1905. 

Of  the  corporate  receipts  of  the  154  cities  in  1905,  66.5  per  cent,  were  derived  from 
general  revenues,  including  taxes,  licenses  and  kindred  sources;  20.7  per  cent,  from  com- 
mercial revenues,  including  those  from  quasi  private  industries,  and  receipts  in  fees, 
cliarges,  etc.,  for  services  performed,  and  12.8  per  cent,  from  loans  which  increased  city 
indebtedness.  The  corresponding  percentages  for  1902  were  68.3,  19.3  and  12.4.  These 
percentages  indicate  a  slight  tendency  for  the  receipts  from  commercial  revenues  and 
from  loans  to  increase  faster  than  those  from  general  revenues,  or  from  taxation. 

Of  the  commercial  revenues,  the  most  important  were  those  derived  from  quasi  private 
industries  operated  by  cities.  Of  these  industries,  city  water-works  take  the  fir.st  place, 
nnd  docks  and  wharves  the  second.  The  total  municipal  income  from  water- works  in 
1905  was  $47,657,957,   of  which  amount  New  York  City  received  $9,748,870,      The  aggregate 


640  Finances  of  Largest    Cities. 

FINANCES  OF  LARGEST  CVTl^'^— Continued, 

receipts  from  docks  and  wharves  were  $3,438,658,  of  which  amount  New  York  City  received 
13,097,050. 

Of  the  general  revenue  receipts,  $309,441,271  were  derived  from  general  property 
taxes  and  from  penalties  for  delayed  payment  thereof;  $9,85fi,5S2  were  from  special  prop- 
erty and  business  taxes;  $1,063,922  from  poll  taxes,  and  $37,032,593  from  licenses  and 
l)ermits,  of  which  amount  $29,616,245  were  derived  from  liquor  licenses  and  taxes.  The 
amount  of  $2,875,882  was  received  from  fines  and  forfeits;  $24,029,267  from  subventions 
and  grants  from  other  civil  divisions  and  from  private  donations  and  gifts,  and  $194,018 
was  obtained  from  miscellaneous  sources. 

MUNICIPAL     QUASI     PRIVATE     INDUSTRIES. 

The  report  presented  a  number  of  tables  relating  to  the  operation  of  quasi  private 
industries  by  the  154  cities.  Among  those  tables  was  one  giving  detailed  data  relating 
to  the  value,  indebtedness,  earnings,  costs  of  operation  and  earning  capacity  of  the  water- 
v/orks  of  the  several  cities.  The  table  showed  the  earning  capacity  of  these  water-works 
on  three  different  bases:  (1)  Excess  of  actual  receipts  from  the  public  over  the  actual 
payments  for  operating  expenses;  (2)  excess  of  the  actual  receipts  from  the  public,  pins 
an  estimated  charge  for  the  value  of  water  used  by  the  city  for  public  purposes,  over  the 
ii^ctual  payments  for  operating  expenses,  plus  an  allowance  of  3  per  cent,  of  the  value 
of  the  plant — this  allowance  being  for  depreciation  and  Sinking  Fund  provisions,  and 
(3)  excess  of  the  receipts,  etc.,  as  in  (2),  over  the  costs  and  allowance  given  in  (2),  plus 
an  estimate  of  the  taxes  which  the  city  would  have  received  had  tjhe  industry  been  oper- 
ated as  a  private  enterprise.  On  the  three  bases,  as  above  described,  there  was  computed 
the  principal  which  would  produce  the  resulting  excess  of  receipts  if  that  principal  earned 
the  rate  per  cent,   which   the   individual   city  pays  on  its   outstanding  indebtedness. 

The  total  reported  present  value  of  water-works  in  these  154  cities  was  $535,957,239; 
the  outstanding  indebtedness  incurred  by  reason  of  water-works  was  $270,733,611.  The 
earning  capacity  on  the  basis  first  described  was  $593,858,778;  on  the  basis  described 
imder  (2)  it  was  $354,170,467;  while  on  the  basis  last  described  it  was  only  $199,263,378.  A 
few  cities  showed  no  earning  capacity  on  any  of  these  bases,  and  only  a  very  few  showed 
Kuch  capacity,  on  the  third  basis,  equal  to  the  cost,  or  even  to  the  reported  valuation  of 
the  plant.  Among  the  cities  last  referred  to  was  New  York,  with  water-works  which 
were  reported  to  have  cost  $139,085,000,  and  whose  present  value  was  returned  as  $74,672.- 
0S7;  these  water-works  had  an  earning  capacity  on  basis  (1)  of  $195,592,617,  on  basis  (2) 
of  $151,876,794,  and  on  basis  (3)  of  $119,043,029.  Another  such  city  was  Chicago,  with 
water-works  whose  cost  and  present  value  were  both  reported  as  $39,099,256;  these  water- 
works had  an  earning  capacity  on  basis  (1)  of  $62,569,250,  on  basis  (2)  of  $46,267,925,  and 
on  basis    (3)    of  $42,172,250. 

The  reports  stated  that  a  grea';  difficulty  was  expei'ienced  in  obtaining  comparative 
statistics  of  the  cost  of  quasi  private  industries,  principally  because  of  the  lack  of 
uniformity  in  the  methods  of  public  accounting.  Scarcely  any  two  industries  are  operated 
with  the  same  concept  of  the  end  to  be  obtained  or  the  results  to  be  secured  In  order  that 
the  management  may  be  called  a  success. 

The  value  of  all  properties  of  quasi  private  industries  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year 
1905  was  $831,368,707.  The  outstanding  indebtedness  on  their  account  was  reported  as 
$445,572,406,  showing  that,  taken  as  a  whole,  the  154  cities  had  earned  from  revenues 
nearly  one-half  of  the  costs  of  these  industrial  plants.  This  large  relative  payment  for 
the  plants  of  quasi  private  industries,  and  the  small  relative  amount  of  bonded  indebted- 
ness by  reason  of  their  establishment,  is  in  marked  contrast  to  the  condition  of  affairs 
among  the  larger  cities  of  Great  Britain. 

CITY    DEBT. 

The  total  indebtedness  of  the  154  cities  in  1905  was  $1,618,414,005,  of  which  $1,444,- 
725.797  was  classed  as  "funded"  and  the  remainder  as  "floating."  Of  that  remainder, 
$75,494,792  was  classed  as  "revenue  or  tax  loans";  $77,982,998  as  "special  assessment 
loans";  $18,950,122  as  "outstanding  warrants,"  and  $1,260,296  as  "miscellaneous  obliga- 
tions." Of  the  aggregate  indebtedness  thus  reported  by  the  154  cities,  $1,521,630,914  was 
incurred  by  the  city  government.  $36,822,609  by  independent  school  districts  for  the  same 
territory  as  the  city,  and  $59,960,482  by  civil  divisions  having  such  similar  territory  and 
also  authorized   to   incur  debt. 

The  total  indebtedness  of  the  148  cities  for  which  reports  were  received  for  the  years 
1902  to  1905  was  $1,207,735,510  in  1902;  $1,396,421,820  in  1903;  $1,528,724,360  In  1904,  and 
$1,610,074,280   in   1905. 

The  indebtedness,  less  Sinking  Fund  assets,  for  these  148  cities  for  the  years 
mentioned  was  $1,026,228,373,  $1,106,327,124,  $1,225,851,090  and  $1,290,678,632.  In  four 
years  the  population  of  these  cities  increased  7.9  per  cent.,  while  the  indebtedness,  less 
Sinking  Fund  assets,  increased  25.8  per  cent.,  or  more  than  three  times  the  per  cent,  of 
increase  of  population.  As  a  result,  the  per  capita  net  indebtedness,  which  was  $51.14  in 
1902,   had  risen   to  $58.48   in   1905. 

COSTS  OF  MAINTAINING  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 
The  report  presents  a  table  showing  the  costs  of  maintaining  free  public  schools  for 
the  several  cities,  including  in  such  costs  the  Interest  on  investments  in  school  buildings 
and  grounds.  The  relative  investments  of  the  cities  in  school  property  may  be  noted  by 
the  varying  amounts  allowed  for  interest  on  such  investments.  These  varied  from  7  cents 
per  capita  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  and  22  cents  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  to  $1.33  in  J^enver,  Colo., 
$1.35  in  Pueblo,  Colo.;  $1.43  in  Newton,  Mass.,  and  $1..53  in  Spokane,  Wash.  In  like 
manner  the  aggregate  per  capita  costs  of  maintaining  schools,  including  the  foregoing 
allowance  for  interest,  varied  from  $1.57  in  Charleston,  S.  C. ;  $1.96  in  Knoxville,  Tenn., 
and  $1.98  m  Montgomery,  Ala.,  to  $7.22  in  Boston,  Mass.;  $7.90  in  Newton.  Mass.;  $8.40  in 
Spokane,  Wash.,  and  $8.67  in  Pueblo,  Colo.  A  part  of  the  great  variation  is  due  to  In- 
correct estimates  of  the  value  of  school  propertv  and.  in  the  case  of  the  two  cities  last 
mentioned,   to  a  probable  low  estimate  of  city  population. 


National  Municipal  and  Civic  Orqanizatioiu.  6ll 

Kational  i^unicipal  ants  (tW\t  €^rflaui?ations» 

NATIONAL  MUNICIPAL  LEAGUE. 

P;esid^n<— Charles  J.  Bonaparte,  Baltimore,  Md.  Fir&t  T7ce-P/eAitk/i/—Cliarles Richardson,  Phila- 
delphia. >iK-o)id  Vire-Pr  Sdf/'/ii— Thomas  N.  .Strong,  rorilaud,  Ure.  Third  Vice- J^re.sidrn/ —Hod.  ileni  y 
L.  McCnue. Kansas  C.iy.  Missonri;  Fourth  ri(>'--P;<?.'>"u/<^/i^— Walter  L.  Fisher, Chicasu,  111.  Fifth  Vict^- 
J^re.iid-^nt—Hou.  James  Thinney  Baxter,  Portland,  Me.  .S'coT^O't/— Clinton  Rogers  Wuoiliuff.  121 
South  Broad  .Street,  Philadelphia.  ?';ri(.s«/'^/— (lieorge  Burnham,  Jr. .  Philadelphia.  KxfctUire.  Coni- 
//i/7/'e— Chairman,  Horace  K.  Dimming.  Nsny  York;  Albert  Bushni-!l  Hart.  Camnriilge,^lass.  ;  Robert 
Treat  Paine,  Jr.,  IJoston;  Charles  SflJe  Forest,  iS'ew  Haven,  Ct.  ;  Hudley  Tibbets,  Tr^v;  oeortrH 
Haven  Putnam,  New  York;  Charles  W.  Met  andless.  New  York;  Charles  il.  IngersoU,  New  York; 
William  (i.  i-ow.  New  York;  Frederick  Almy,  iiuft'alo  ;  Hon.  Thomas  M.  Osborne.  Auburn; 
Clarence  1..  Hari)er,  Piiilaiielphia;  Tiiomas  Raeburn  White,  Philadelphia;  J.  Jlorace  Mcl'arlaml. 
Harrisburg,  Pa. ;  Hon.  Ceorge  W.  Huthrie,  Pittsburgh;  Oliver  McClintock,  Pittsburgh;  Pro;.  Harry  A. 
(iarfleld.  Princeton,  N.  J.  ;  W.  P.  Bancroft,  Wilmington,  Del. ;  Charles  Morris  Howard,  Kidtimore; 
H.  B.  J'\  Macfarland,  Washington;  FUiott  Hunt  Pendleton,  Cincinnati;  Hon.  I,.  K.  Holden, 
Cleveland;  Mortmi  D.  llnll,  Chicago;  J.  L.  Hudson,  Detroit;  John  A.  Bntler,  Milwaukee;  David  P. 
Jones,  Mmneapolis:  Jtwiirlit  F.  Davis,  St.  Louis;  Frank  N.Hartwell,  Louisville;  Percy  N.  Booth, 
Jjouisville;  K.  C.  Kont/,  Atlanta;  James  H.  Cansey,  Denver;  Frank  J.  Symmes,  Berkeley  Charles 
D.  Willard,  Los  Angeles;  Krastiis  Brainer.1,  Seattle;  Harvej'  S.  Chase,  Boston,  and  the  officers. 
The  League  is  compo"<(id  of  associations  formed  in  cities  of  the  United  .States,  and  having  as  an 
object  the  improvement  of  municipal  government.  It  has  no  connection  with  state  or  national 
parties  or  issues,  and  confines  iiseTf  strictly  to  municipal  affairs.  Any  a,ssociatioa  belonging  to  the 
League  may  withdraw  at  any  time. 

LEAGUE  OF  AMERICAN   f^UNICIPALITIES. 

P/-e.s-»'(f^u/— J.Barry  Mahool.  Baltimore.  Md.  ;  First  Vice-President— ^\\s.fiGook,  East  St.  Louis,  III.  ; 
Second  Vicf- President  Horace  Wilson,  Wilmington.  Del, ;  Third  Vice-jPre^idrnt—Kmerson  Coatsworth, 
Toronto,  Ont. ;  Fnirth  Vice-Fresident—li^nvy  1^1.  Beard  sley,  Kansas  City,  Mo.  Secretary- Treasurer ~ 
John  MacVicar.  Des  ^foines.  Tmstees-Wm.  J.  Hosey,  Ft.Waj'ue,  Ind.;  W.  H.  Arnett,  Kokomo. 
Ind.;  E.  F.  Brush,  :Mt.  Vernon,  X.  Y.,  Hugo  Grosser,  Chicago;  George  T.  Gaston,  Detroit;  W.H. 
Joyner,  Atlanta;  Henrv  Hudson,  Hudson. N.  Y. 

The  objects  of  the  League  of  American  Municipalities  are  as  follows  — The  general  improvement 
and  facilitation  of  every  branch  of  municipal  administration  by  the  following  means:  First— The 
perpetuation  of  the  organization  as  an  agency  for  the  co-operation  of  American  cities  in  the  practical 
study  of  all  questions  pertainnig  to  municipal  administration.  Second— The  holding  of  annual  con- 
ventions for  the  discussion  of  contemporaneous  municipal  affairs.  Third— The  establishment  and 
maintenanceof  a  central  bureau  of  information  for  the  collection,  compilation,  and  dissemination  of 
statistics,  reports,  and  all  kinds  of  information  relative  to  municipal  governixient.  The  membership 
of  the  League  includes  nearlj'  all  of  the  important  cities  in  this  country  and  Canada. 


NATIONAL  GOOD  ROADS  ASSOCIATION. 

President— ^^.  H.  Moore,  St.   Louis,  Mo.    t^ec/eto/,?/— Arthur  K.  Jackson,  Damari.scotta.  Me.  .with 
vice-presidents  representing  each  State  and  Territory.     This  Association  was  organized  by  delegates 
from  thirt.v -eight  States  in  national  convention  at  Chicago,  ISTovember  21,  1900,  and  an  extensive  • 
campaign  lorgood  roads  all  over  the  Union  is  in  progress. 

AMERICAN  CIVIC  ASSOCIATION. 

Pr^.<!iV^;)i/—.T.  Horace  McFarlaud.  Harrisburg,  Pa.  Fir?,t  Vice-President  and  Sfc.re.tnry—ChVLrY^^ 
Clinton  Rogers.  North  American  Building,  Philadelphia.  Vice- Pi-esidents—(^ieor^e  B.  Leighton, 
Moiuidnock,  N.  TI. ;  Robert  Watchor;i,  New  York;  L.  E.  Holden,  Cleveland;  Fielding  J.  Stilton.  Los 
Angeles.  JJejMtrtnient  Vice- Presidents— Xrifi  and  Crafts,  Mrs.  M.  F.  .lohnston,  Richmond,  Ind.; 
Children's  Gardens.  Miss  :>rary  M.  Butler,  Yonkers.N.  Y.;  Citv  Makiiisr,  Frederick  L.  Ford,  Hart.- 
lord.Ct. ;  Factory  Betterment,  Mrs.  George  F.  French,  Portland,  Me.;  Libraries,  Miss  Mary  E. 
.-Vheru,  Chicago;  Outdoor  Art,  Warren  H.  Maiming,  Boston;  Public  Ilecreation,  Charles  W.  Gar- 
tielil.  (Traud  Rapids. Mich.;  Press,  R.  B.  Watrons,  Milwaukee;  Parks  and  Public  Reservations, 
Henry  A.  Barker,  Providence;  Public  Nuisances,  Harlan  P.  Kelsey,  Saiem,  ISIass.  ;  P.ailroad  Im- 
provement, Mrs.  A.  Vj.  McCrea,  Chicago;  Rural  Improvements,  D.  Ward  Ivhi'j,  Maitland,  Mo.; 
School  Extension,  O.  J .  Kern,  Rockford,  I II.  ;  Social  Settlements,  Graban.i  Romeyn  Taylor,  Chicago; 
Woman's  Outdoor  Art  League,  Mrs.  Agnes  McGiffert  Pound,  A.shtabula,  Ohio.  Ji-awiorr— W  illiani 
B.  Howland,  New  York. 

The  American  Civic  Association  was  formedbvmergerof  the  American  League  for  Civic  Improve- 
ment and  the  American  Park  and  Outdoor  Art  .Association,  June  10, 1904.  The  Association  seeks  to 
combine  and  make  eificieut  tiie  country-wide  eifort  for  civic  betterment.  Ithasled  in  the  elfort  to 
prevent  the  destruction  of  Niagara  Falls  for  power  purposes;  it  advocates  rational  forest  treatment ; 
It  is  inaugurating  a  campaign  for  the  restraint  and  reduction  of  objectionable  outdoor  advertising 
as  a  defacement  of  nature,  and  it  urges  community  beauty.  It  fosters  parks,  playgrounds,  and  out- 
door recreation ;  it  arouses  communities,  and  leads  tliem  toward  betterment.  A  lantern-slide 
service  is  maintained,  and  many  bulletins  are  issued. 

SOCIETY    OF    BUILDING    COMMISSIONERS    AND    INSPECTORS. 

President— O.  U.  Heimburger,  Commissioner  of  Buildings,  St.  Louis.  Secretary— F.  W.  Fitz- 
patrick,  4200  Fourteenth  Street  Roail.  Washington,  D.  C.  The  International  Society  of  Stale  and 
Municipal  Building  Commissioners  and  Inspectors  is  organized  by  the  building  inspectors  of  the 
cities  of  the  United  States  and  Canada  to  promote  "the  improvement  of  building  methods;  the 
revision  and  perfecting  of  building  ordinances  and  securing  their  more  thorough  enforcement ;  the 
lessening  of  our  appalling  fire  losses;  mutual  assistance,  the  interchange  of  ideas,  and  the  binding 
in  closer  union  of  the  building  bureaus  of  the  several  cities  with  the  view  of  ultimate  uniformity  ot 
building  laws."  

INTERNATIONAL  REFORM   BUREAU. 

International  Reform  Bureau,  206  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  s.  K.,  Washington,  D.  C.  President-^ 
Rev.  J.  G.  Butler,  I).  D.  Superintemienl  and  rmtsurej— Dr.  Wilbur  F. Crafts.  Devoted  to  the  repression 
of  intemperance,  Impurity,  Sabbath- breaking,  gambling,  and  kindred  evils,  by  lectures,  letters, 
legislation, and  literature.   The  Bureau  has  drawu  twelve  laws  that  have  passed  Congress, 


642       statistics  of  (Titles  III  U)t  OuitctJ  ^tate^; 


ClTlIS. 


Albiiiiy,N.  Y . 

Atlantiv,  (ia 

-  Hullinioie,  Md 

I{iii!jhaiuton,2s.  V 

■  iiustuM,  Mil-SS 

Uridiff port,  Ct 

JJroolilvii  IJoio. ,N.V. 

IJiilliilo,  X.  V 

(.'amhridge,  INJass 

CJimdeii,  N.  J 

L"liiniesioii,S.  (.; 

c'lialtauoogH,  Teiin. . . 

rliicafjo,  ill 

CiMciniinti  O 

Cleveland,  0.,(y) 

Colioes,  N.  V 

Coliiinbus,  0.,(y) 

("oiiiicil  Bill  lis,  lowu.. 

CoviiiKton,  Kj' 

Dallas, 'I'ex 

Davenport,  Iowa 

]}ayton,  0.,((7) 

Denver,  Col 

]Jes  Rloines,  Iowa .... 

JJetroit,  ]Micb 

District  ol"  (Columbia. . 

JJiibiique,  Iowa 

Dnlutli,  ]Miuii 

JOlizabetb,  N.J 

Klniira,  N.   Y 

Krie,   I'a 

3''all  I  liver,  INIass 

Fort  \Va%'iie,  Iiid 

(irand  Rapids,  Midi.. 

]Iarrisl)iirg,  Pa 

llaitford,  Ct 

31averbill,  IMass  (g)... 

Hoboken,  N.  J 

Holyoke,  Mass.,  (q).. 

Houston,  Tex 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

.lacksonville,  Fla 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

liawrence,  i\Iass 

J.ittle  Rock,  Ark 

Los  A nseles,  Cal 

JiOnisville,  Ky 

TiOwell,  Mass 

liVnn,   Mass 

Manibester,  N.  H... 

Memphis,  Teiin 

IMihvaiikee,  Wis.,  (rj). 
Minneapolis,  INlinn.... 

Mobile,  Ala 

Nashville,  Teuii 

Newark,  N.  J 

New  Redlord,  jMass.. 
N.nv  Brunswick,  N.  .1. 

New  Haven,  Ct 

New  Orleans,  J^a 


Aiu.T  ill 
S'|ii.iii' 
Miles. 


u 

■61  h 

10 

4m 
13.4 
77% 
42 
»)'>. 
1') 

6 

190^ 
4-2Wj 
45 
8 

1614 

21 

su 

15 

8 

11 

b9H 
64 
8t) 
Sec 
11 
67 

SH 

7 
41 

i7;t. 

7 
18 

•J-T 

1,4 

16 
30 

7.6 
14 
29 

7 
11^ 
61 
21 
14 

•sm 

16 
22  .Vj 
.53 
13 

23 
li»}<i 
4Va 


-a, 


1(10,000 
IfiO.OOO 


Net 

I'Mlllic 

Debt. 


S2,628,l()l 
2,«91.364 


r>67,0(KK17,626,320 

4.5.000  769,500 

607.340  ^7,0»4,795 

100,000  1,463,799 

1,448,095  ('M 

40t),00(i  20,042,216 

100,000  7,980,9(11 

100,000  3,661,459 

6(1,0(10  3.788.200 

83,100  1,281,000 

2,483,641  /*25.a:J5,000 

425,000  16,000,000 

525,00(1  18,041.695 

25,0011  855,823 

179,370  9,39u.795 

32,00(1  265,000 

.55,000  2,017,232 

8.1, (HKi  2,308,5!i0 

42,00(1  13-J.OOO 

115,000  2,(16J,000 

200.00.)  679,000 

85.00(1  673,000 

4(»,0(Mi  6,4,50,686 

below  ami  at  W 

45,000  835,194 

75,OUO  2,381,00*1 

70,000  2  926.508 

45,000  1,164,000 

67,0(10  466.717 

115,0(0  6  4.145.969 

64,318  59.^,800 

117,000  2,322,600 

8(».00(i  1,172,291 

106,((K1  4,344,714 

42,0(10  1,246,886 

75,00(1  1,689,786 

52,0(10  2,191,000 

80,000  3,919,000 

236,000  2,895  000 

65,(100  r  1.768,322 

245.000  16,199,202 

2.50,0(1(1  4,273,708 

85,000  1,414.816 

65,(10(1  108,000 

28  ,000  6,8-»2.437 

2i5o,v)00  7,893,900 

100,000  2,851.814 

81,500  3,101.486 

70,000  1,61.5,000 

175.000  6,144,000 

3.55.000  8,130,250 

300,000  10,334,000 

65,000  3,700,000 

125.000  C  4,089.600 

300,00o|  1(),000,000 

100,000'  1,470.738 

24,500|  744,^63 

22  ~|  150,000  3,404,605 

192  I  350,000  2.5,989.144 


As.sei!seii 
V:ilii.TlioM  of 
all  ra-xahle 

Troperty. 


.$76,337,665 

90,783,850 

621,482,590 

23,2-}4,6t)0 

1,313,470,.556 

70,359,712 

1,274,088  45(1 

289.410.570 

107.009,290 

49.915,669 

18.637,243 

19,933.880 

426,263,296 

245,000,000 

:il5,000,000 

11,401,541 

82,500.000 

4,20ii,O0O 

24,831.875 

49,592,234 

21,500,000 

51.010.380 

117,408,040 

73,865,125 

305.656,90(1 

asiiiiifjiiiii, 

21,376,4.50 

34,055.6891 

49,988.620 

19,388.458 

21,321,143 

84,730.844 

30,547,640 

78.834,500 

4((,000,000 

98,508,389 

26,588,913 

62,525,019 

43,000,000 

50.875,442 

174,337,500 

22,723,720 

267,039.754 

131,140,260 

54,246,294 

18,260,660 

264,778,172 

159.610,244 

75,445,738 

62,874.402 

36,963,394 

73,000.000 

201  585.12' 

168.038,000 

^5,000,000 

62,057,770 

295,787,923 

71 ,279,611 

13,241,079 

112.2.56,96(1 

217,366,205 


100 
60 

loo 

80 
100 
100 
I00.r/ 
100 
100 
100 

50 

60 

20 

60 

35 
100 

66% 

25 

80 

60 

50 

60 

65 
loo 
loO 
D.C. 

80 

40 
100 

60 

40 
l(iO 

60 
100 

60 

75 
100 
100 
100 

40 

50 

75 
100 

40 

85 

40 

50 

80 
100 

80 

70 

60 

60 

60 

30 

80 

85 

80 

66% 
100  I 
100 


$1 

1 

2 
hi 

I 
1 
1 
1 
1 


94  Charles  H.  Gaus 

.20  IV.  K.  Juyne.r 

13./.  Barry  MaliooL..., 
.76  Clarence  M-  Slausoi 

Qeorge  A.  llibbard. 

Kenry  Lee 

rncor))'(l   in  City  oj 

■Jit Dies  N.  Adam 

Ohas.  If.  IVnii  ston. . 

Cha.s.  H.  Kills 

R.    <^.   lihett 


1 

6 

■) 

^. 

3 
1 
3 
8 
1 
1, 
1. 

O 

;i 
8. 
1 

ai 
1. 

3. 
1 

1 

.) 

1 

1. 
1 
1. 

2 

r 
1 

1. 

1 

•) 

I. 
\ 

hi. 
1. 
2. 
1, 
1. 
1. 
I. 
1. 
1 
2 

2. 
2. 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2. 


\V.  JLXrab/ree. 
^W^  A.  Husse. 


Leopold  Markbreit.. 

7hnl  Ij.  Jolnixon 

Merritt  D.  Hanson.. 

D.  Wilt  C.  Badger.  . . 

Diiuihl  MacraCy  Jr.. 

John  J.  Craig 

S.  ./.Hay 

W<dilo  Becktr 

Calvin  D.Writtht.... 

Roller t  ]  V.  S))eer 

Heorge  \V.   INfattern. 

Win.' B.  Thoini)s<m. . . 
foot-note  ne.xt 

H.  A.  Schiink 

.yfarciis  li.  Cullum . . . 

Path.  J.  Ryan 

Daniel  Sheehan 

^f.  Liebel,  Jr 

.rnhn  T.   Coaghlin.... 

I  Vin.  J.   Mosey 

69|(ieorse  E.  Ellis 

9)j  Ed  ward  Z.  G  ross 

20j\Villian)  F.  Henney. 

76  lloswell  fj.  Wood 

4i\Gr.or(ie  H.  Sleil 

70  Nathan  P.  Avery... 

.m  IT.  li.  Rice 

19Ciias.  .A  Rookwalter. 

6l|  Win.  H.  SehrliiQ 

62  II.  Otto  Witti)enn  .. 
25  Henry  M.  IJeardsley 

^OJohn  P.  Kane ". 

80  ir.    K.  Lenon 

25  A.  C.  Harper 

80  lames  K.  (-Jrinistead. 
94  Fred  W.  Paridiam.. 

80|Tlios.  V.  Porter 

85  Kiif/eiu'  E.  Rred   

'if  .Tames  H.  Malone 

4?iSherburn  M.Becker. 
firt\Jajnf.s  C.  Haynes.  . . . 


Pal.  .T.  Ijjions. 
J(  I  mes  S.  lirown .... 
Jacob  Ha iissl  ing.  . . 
Win.  J.  Bullock... 
IJrury  \V.  Cooper. 
James  B.  Martin.. . . 
I^fartin  Bc/irman. . . 


rerms   Expire. 


Dec 
Jan 


May 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Nov 


31,1909 
4,1909 

21,1911 
1,1910 
1,1910 
.    2,1909 
S'eiu  YorJ.-. 
Dec.  31,1909 
2.190<» 
1.1911 

10,1909 
1,1909 
4,1911 

31,1909 
1.1910 
1,1910 

.31,1909 

31,1909 
1,1912 
3,1909 

16,1908 
1,1910 
1.1908 


Jan 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Apr. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

.Ian. 

Dec. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Apr. 

Apr. 

Jan. 

June 

Apr.  1,1908.  < 

Jan.     8,1909 

page. 

2.1908 

1,1908 

31,1908 

1,1909 


Apr. 

.Mar 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Apr, 

.Ian. 

Jan. 

INI  ay 

Apr. 

Apr. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Apr. 

Jan 


6,1908 
4,1909 
1,1910 
1,1908 
1.1908 
6.1908 
1,1909 
1.1909 
7,1909 
-,1909 
.  1,1910 
Dine  22,1909 
Jan.  1,1910 
Apr.  15,1908 
Jan.  4.1909 
Apr.  11.1909 
Jan.  1,1910 
Nov.  16,1909 
Jan.  4.1909 
4.19(i9 
1,1909 
—,1910 
17,1908 
1,1909 
Mar.  15,1909 
Oct.  15,1909 
Dec.  31.1908 
Jan.  4,1909 
Jan.  1.1910 
Jan.  1,1910 
Dec.    6,1908 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Apr. 
Jan. 


CiTIKS.  UliAl.TV.  I'KIiSON  Al.TV. 

Albany $71,09;,:!1.5  ij!6,246,350 

Baltimore :<?.5,723,(<18  -298,756, 772 

Boston l,O7O,8ti:i.7O0  242,60''',856 

Buffalo} 2fi-l.!l5,(j20  7,15f<,0u0 

« "liicago 303,03,S,i'v;8  12X,230,()68 

Cincinnati l'.=.,000.' 00  tiO.'-OO.Oi'iO 

Cleveland  (q) 155.0000OO  60,0(iO,000 

l>eiiver 9i',2.J0,3-J5  2o,177,-I5 

Detroit 21v>,31  ■,4C>0  93,341,44i 

DiRtrict  of  Columbia 247,.3(W,4:i4  30,00'i,(X)ii 

liidiauapolis.. 129,370.725  44,«66,775 

J-08  Angeles 241.iiS4,985 22,823,187 


(■|TIE.«;.                                                Ubai.tv.  I'l  uko.vai.tv. 

r,oiii.svilIe $99,467,512  $60,142,732 

Jlilwaiiltte   (q) )57.fill,.=i60  4.3,973.667 

Newark.  N.. I 246,614,181  49,17:,7)2 

NewOrleaus 143,234,146  74,132,059 

New  Vorl;  t'ity,  see  next  page. 

I'liiladelpliia 1,2 1 8, 894  .-."OO  (/)  1.793,886 

I'iltsbinxii E8:',U.I,462  2,387,575 

I'rovidence 17  •,.=>43.140  68.138,620 

San  Krancisco 327,504,907  102,361,702 

St.  I.ouis 42i',7.2,680  87.-j53,160 

.Seattle 126,299,262  29,466,824 


Democrat-s   in    italics:    Republicans  in    Roman;   others  in  small  caps. 

*  I'ercentageof  a-ssessment  upon  actual  valuation,  t  Tax  on  each  $100  of  assessed  valuation  for  all 
purposes.  $  .special  Franchise  ^l 7. 827, 550.  §  He:Uty.  (a)  See  "New  York  City,"  next  page. 
(/j)City  lax.  (c)  Bonded  debt,  (d)  After  Ai)ril  1,  1908.  five  Commissioners  will  assume  executive 
control  of  city  atlTairs.  (e)  Funded  debt.  (/)  Assessed  valuation  of  horses  and  cattle  only,  (r/)  Realty, 
ahout78  per  cent.  (/O  Does  not  include  bonded  debt  of  various  park  boards  amounting  to  .?l6,(i3.')  ,000, 
uor  of  sanitary  district  amounting  to  !817.030.000.    (q)  Bepo't  oi  December  1, 1906 


Statistics  of  Cities  In  the    United  States. — Continued. 


013 


Cities. 


Newport,  R.  I  — 
Newton,  Mass. . 
New  York  CityJ. 

Omaha,  Neb 

Patersoii,  N.  J... 
Peoria,  111  {q) .... 
Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Piltsljurgh,  Pa. .. 

Portland,   Me 

Portland, Ore  (y). 
Pon.i?likeepsie,N. 
Providence,  II.  I. 

Qiiincy,  III 

Readin;^,  Pa 

Richmond,  Va. .. 
Roche.ster,  N.  Y  . 


Y. 


h^i'cranientOj  Cal 


Haginaw,  Mich 

San  Antonio.  Tex 

San  Diego,  Cal 

San  Franci.sco,  Cal 

Savannah,' Oa 

Schenectady.  N.  Y, . . 

.Scranton,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Sionx  (!ity,  Iowa 

Sonierville,  INIass 

Springlield,  III 

Springfield,  iMass 

Springfield,  () 

St.  Joseph,  Mo 

St.  Lonis,   Mo 

St.  Panl,  Miini 

Syracn.se,  N.  Y 

'I'aconia,    Wash 

Tannton,  iMass 

Toledo,0 

Topelra,  Kan 

Trenton,  N.  J 

Troy,  N.  Y 

Utica,  N.  Y 

Wasliington,  D.  C 

Willianisport,  Pa 

Wilmington,  Del 

Wort.vster,  Alass 

Yonkers,  X.  Y 


Area 

in 

S>|iiare 

Miles. 

18 


S.2  3> 


2.5,000 
38,500 
4,285,485 


Nrt 
Public 
Debt. 


Assess.' il 
V.sluatiou  of 
all  Taxable 

Property. 


J  a 


O   rt 


80 


24 

142,560 

m 

130.000 

8X^ 

85.000 

129  l<i 

1,491,161 

28^ 

400,000 

20 

60.000 

41 

161.205 

H 

25,900 

18J^ 

208,000 

6 

42,000 

t)i4 

110,000 

9 

112,500 

18 

195.000 

9 

35,000 

UH 

65,000 

36 

90,000 

76 

45,000 

44 

475,000 

6% 

75.000 

8 

80,000 

19 

130,0(H) 

55 

250.000 

49 

62,962 

AH 

73,000 

1^. 

68,0i)U 

■im 

80,329 

10 

49,000 

9H 

120,000 

^m 

750,000 

55>^ 

225,000 

15 

125,000 

32  Va 

101,500 

60 

30,967 

28^ 

189,000 

7 

47,500 

9 

92,000 

«^ 

76,910 

9 

70,000 

69V4 

332,000 

7.2 

38,000 

10^4 

90,000 

36 

138,000 

21 

72,600 

$1,031,000       $49,080,020 

3,703,546         67.52;5,685  100 

iieenote/i  t6,795,341,915  100  i 

6,291.0001    23,4.56,731 1  20 

4,932.305    90,704,011  100 

510,0001    12,.500,000|  20 

^1 .695,320^1 .683,852,278 '  100 

15,862,622  («)d84.4ti9,037  66% 

64,184,011  100 

l.S5,000.000  80 

13,.556,130  65 

(6)230,683,760  100 

5,389,560  20 

51,000,000  66 

103,782,210  75 


1,220,000 

6,505.871 

1,610,000 

13, 653,919 

822.000 

1,120,000 

6,784,116 

11,669,316 

960,000 

1,635,212 

2,456,500 

1,179,1-50 

c)3,788  724 
2,899,3.50 
2,636,138 
1,993,-512 
7.570.380 
1,207,672 
1,464,500 
862.000 
2,232  -360 
1,1.50,000 
1,146,0-50 

»18,828,178 
7,509,671 
7,925,525 

c)  3.823,000 
1,534.671 
7,196,665 
1,676,427 
3,419,591 
3,4.55,899 
1,187,021 
14,;J47,54-, 
525,000 
2,217,850 
6,010,883 
5,188,316 


144.130.820  100 


29,000,000 
24,6'58,557 
38,307,875 
26.000,000 
(6)429,866,609 
48,000,000 
43,090.153 


50 

65 

70 

60 

60 

668^ 

76 


$1.20 
1.64 
§ 

6.48 
1.76 
7.00 


Wni.T.  Clark 

lOdgar  W.   Warren.. 
'/f'o.  B.  ]\frL'lcaan.  . . 
James  C  DalUmmi. 
Andrev)  F.  Mcliride. 
A.  B.  Tolaoii 


1.50! John  K.  Reyburn... 


66.757,430;  100 

(<?)1.55,765,086    50 

30,998,768    25 

61,6.57,200  100 

8,616,572    20 

92,378.624    90 

21,240,000    6i3i 

34.000,000    60 

(6)509,975,840    70 

98,559.831  (.«) 

94,602,329  100 

42,940.9761  60 

21,842,-382  100 

78,000,000    60 

12,478,110    25 

70,064,408  100 

54,2.50,172;100 

36,917,9,301100 

(^)277. 306,494    6-!% 

15.000,000    65 

48,000.000    87 

124.747,-588  100 

60,019,7.501  70 


1.50  Gfonje    W.  QnUirie 
2  16  All  am  P.  Leightou  . 

4.87  Harry  Lane 

2.50  J(j/in  K.  S(if/ite 

1.65  Patrick  J.  McOarlliy. 

7.46  John  H.  Best 

1.00  Edwin  R.  Gerber 

1.40  Carlton  McCar/tii/.  . . 

1.87  -lames  G.  Cntlev 

1.50  C.  L.White 

1.78|  Wi.i.  B.  Bituiti 

1.67 1  Brijan  Calla<ih(ii>. 

1.35; John  F.  Forward 

1.86  Edward  R.  Taylor. . . 

1.25  G.:  IF.    Tiedeman 

1.60  Horace  S.Vaii  Voost 
1.30  J.  Ben.j.  Diminick.. 
3.33  Win.  H.  Moore 

8.60  IF.  cy.  ,Veo/-.s 

1.74  Wm.  E.  Saiider.sou. 

7.92  Hoy  R.  Reece 

1.50  Wm.  E.  Sanderson.. 

2.73  Win.  R.  Burnett 

1.30  William  E  Spratt. . . 

2.17  Rolia   WellH 

2.96  Robert  A.  Smilli 

1.74  AlanC.    Fobes 

3.61  George  P.  Wric/ht.. . . 
1.86  Kdgar  L.  Crossman. 

3.26  BiJVND  Whitlock. 

5. 35|  William  Green 

1.501  Wnl/er  Maddrn 

1.69EliasP.  Mann 

9.79  Thomas  Wheeler.... 
1.501    .See  foot  of  page. 

3.00 'SV//1  T.  Mn-esm>ni Apr.    1,1908 

2. l0|  Horace  Wilson !Jnne30,l909 

1.60|  James  Logan j.Ian.    7.19:.9 

1.94  Nathan  A.  Warren..  I  Dec.  31.1906 


Jan.  6,19i'9 
Jan.  13,1910 
.Ian.  1,1910 
May  21,1909 
Jan.  1,1910 
Mav  —.1909 
Apr.  1,1911 
Apr.  7.1909 
Dec.  31,1908 
J  nne  30,1909 
Jan.  1,1909 
-Ian.  4,19o9 
.May  1.1909 
Ai)r.  6  1908 
.Sept.  1,1908 
Dec.  3J,1'.'09 
Ian.  1.1910 
•Ian.  1.191.9 
Jnne  l7l9i)9 
Apr.  30,1909 
4.1910 
21,1909 
31, U*..^ 
2,1909 
16,1908 
1,1908 
4.1909 
1.1909 
4.1 909 
31,1909 
15,1908 
6.1.909 
1,1908 


Jan. 
.Ian. 
Dec. 
.Apr. 
JNIar. 
Apr. 
.Ian. 
May 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Apr. 
Apr. 
Jnne 


Dec.  31,1909 
Apr.  19,1908 
•Ian.  1,1909 
Doc.  31,1909 
Apr.  —,1909 
1.1910 
31,1908 
31,1909 


Jan. 
Dec 
Dec 


Denoci'ats  in   il<iU.c-;:  R.^piirjlicms    in    l{,iin;in;  ulhers    i n -s .m .a m.,  CA P.S. 

*  Thi.sis  the  percentage  of  iissessmeiit,  npon  aiiii;il  valnation.  t  Tax  on  eacli  $100  of  a,sses.s*^d 
vahiation  for  all  pnrposos.  t  Population  of  Xew  York  City  as  follows:  Manhattan,  2,2.32,828;  Bronx, 
308,2-56;  B'ooklyn,  1,448,095;  Queens,  220,836;  Richnioirl,  75,420.  Area  in  square  miles— Manhattan, 
21.93;  Bronx,  40.65;  Brook  lyn, 77. 62;  Qiieen^,  129.50;  llichmoiid,  ,57.19.  Taxable  valuations— all  boroughs 
—  Realty,  .$6,2^0,480,602;  personal tv,  $554,861,313.  Manhattan  and  Bronx-Realtv,  $4,788,6.58,681;  per- 
sonalty, $446,741,299.  Brooklyn- Realty,  !?l81,221,9io;  personaltv.  $92,866,-547.  § 'i"ax  rate.  Manhattan 
and  Bron.x.  .$1.48;  Brooklyn,  $1.53;  Queens,  $1.53;  Bichniond,  !?1..56.  (a)  lAxnd  ii6r4,  personal,  50  j)er 
cent,  (//)  State  and  county,  Sl-OO;  school,  .60;  city,  $1.40.  (r)  Bonded  debt.  (<0  ISIunicipal  ta.\Hs, 
includingschools.  (e)  Fordivision  of  really  an(l  piM-sonaltv  see  preceding  pase.  (//)  Net  funded  debt 
September  30,1907,  §546,937,112.    (/)  Realty  about  78  per  cent.     Cq)  Report  of  December  1,1906. 


GOVERNMENT    OF    THE    DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA. 

The  municipal  governmentof  the  District  of  Coiumoia  is  vesteil  b^'  act  of  Congress  approved  June 
11,  1878,  in  three  Commissioners,  two  of  whom  are^ai)i)ointed  by  the  President  from  citizens  of  the 
Distri(rt  having  had  three  years'  residence  therein  immediately  preceding  that  appointment,  and  con- 
firmed bj' the  Senate.  The  other  Commissioner  is  detailed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  from 
the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States  Army,  and  must  have  lineal  rank  senior  to  Captain,  or  be 
a  (.'aptain  who  has  served  at  least  fifteen  year.'-  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  .Army.  The  Commis- 
sioners appoint  the  subordinate  oilicial  service  of  said  government,  except  the  Board  of  Education 
which  is  appointed  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  present  Commi.ssion'Ts 
are  l{.  H.  F.  Macfarland  (  Republican),  President,  whose  term  will  expire  INIay  5,1909;  Henry  L.  We -f 
(Democrat),  whose  term  will  expire  Februarv  1,  1909;  Major  .lohii  Biddle  (non-i)arti.san),  Cor|isof 
F.ngineers, United  States  Armv,detailed  duriiig  the  pleasure  of  the  President  of  the  United  stair-, 
Secretary  William  Tiudall.     Ollices  of  (Commissioners,  464  Louisiana  Ave.,  X.  W. ,  WashiiiKton,  D.  C 

Three  separate  local  govermnents  existed  in  the  District  of  Columbia  from  its  establishment  uni  il 
1871.  namely:  the  City  of  Washington,  the  Town  of  Georgetown,  and  the  Levy  Court.  The  latter 
had  jurisdiction  over  the  portion  of  the  District  of  Columbia  outside  of  the  city  and  town  mentioned. 
AU  three  of  these  governments  were  abolished  by  an  act  of  Congress  approved  February  21. 
1871,  which  provided  a  territorial  form  of  government  for  the  entire  District  of  Columbia,  with  ;t 
Governor,  Secretary.  Board  of  Public  Works,  anil  Coimcil,  appointed  by  the  President  of  tJie  United 
S!!ites,  and  .a  House  of  Deleg.ites  jind  a  delegaie  in  Congress  elected  by  the  citizens  of  said  district. 
Tlii:*  form  of  govtM-nment  was  abolished  .Imie  20.  187-1,  and  a  teniporarv  government  hv  three 
t'ommi.ssioners  substituted.  The  latter  form  was  succeeded  by  the  present  form  July  1.1878.  Con- 
gress makes  all  laws  for  the  District,  but  has  intrusted  to  the  Commi.ssiouers  authority  "to  make  police, 
Vqildiug,  auU  plumbing  regulations,  and  others  of  a  municipal  nature. 


644 


The  Life'Saoing  Service. 


K^z  WiMittn  states  Mc^cuue  (Kuttcv  cScriiCcc, 

The  United  States  Keveniie  Cuuei-  s^ervice  is  a  military  arm  of  liie  Gi>vei  iiuieiit  attached  to  anfl 
under  the  direction  of  tiie  I'reasarv  Deparcmeut.  The  Service  was  organized  in  1790  and  constltntpcl 
the  original  naval  force  of  the  country.  There  being  at  that  time  no  Xavy  Department  the  Service 
was  placed  under  the  Treasury  Department,  where  it  has  reimiined  ever  since.  It  is  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  ttie  navigation  and  customs  laws  of  the  United  states,  the  assistance  of  ve.ssels  In 
distress,  the  protection  of  the  sealing  industry  in  Alaska,  the  eniorcement  of  the  quarantine  laws, 
and  numerous  other  duties  appropriate  lo  its  class  of  vessels.  Each  Winter,  tiy  dirt-ction  of  tlje 
President,  a  number  of  tlie  cutter.^  patrol  the  coast  for  the  special  purpose  of  assistin.g  ve.ssels  in  dis- 
tress. The  Service  co-operates  with  the  Navy  when  directed  by  the  President  and  lias  .so  co-op- 
erated in  every  war  in  which  the  United  States  lias  been  engaged.  'Ilie  othcers  o'  tlie  .Service  are 
commissioned  "bj-  the  President  and  hold  rank  by  law  with  officers  of  the  .\riny  and  Navy  as  follo\\s  : 

Captains  witl\  Majors  in  the  .\rmyand  Lieutenant-Commanders  in  the  Niivy;  First  Lieutenants 
with  Captains  in  the  .\rmy  and  Lieutenants  in  the  Navy;  Second  Lieutenants  with  First  Lietitenants 
in  the  Army  and  Lieutenants  (.Junior  Grade)  in  the  Xavy ;  Third  Lieutenants  with  Second  Lieutenants 
in  the  Army  and  Ensigns  in  the  Navy. 

There  are  liowin  the  Service  220  commissioned  oflficors  and  cadets  on  the  active  list,  and  1,250 
pettyotficers  and  enlisted  men.  TheoflBcersare:  37<'aptains,  37  First  Ijieti tenants.  37 Second  Lieuten- 
ants, 5  Third  Lieutenants,  33  Cadets  of  the  line,  34  Chief  Engineers,  17  First  Assistant  Engineers, 
11  Second  Assistant  Engineers,  6  Cadet  Engineers,  2  Constructors,  and  1  Surgeon. 

Commissioned  officers  of  the  Ifcne  are  appointed  from  Cadet  graduates  of  the  School  of  Instruc- 
tion at  South  Baltimore.  Md.  The  Cadet  cour.se  covers  three  years  and  embraces  professional  and 
academic  subjects.  Cadets  are  appointed  after  competitive  examinations,  conducted  by  boards  of 
commissioned  officers  of  the  Revenue  Cutter  Service.  Candidates  must  be  not  less  than  eighteen  nor 
more  than  twentv- four  years  of  age. 

Appointments  to  the  Engineer  Corps  are  madeafter  competitive  examination,  and  successful  can- 
didates are  appointed  Cadet  Engineers  for  a  period  of  six  months  prior  to  being  commissioned  Second 
Assistant  Engineers  in  the  Service.  ( "andidates  for  the  Engineer  Corps  must  be  not  less  than  twenty- 
one  nor  more  than  twentv-six  years  of  age. 

The  commandant  of  the  Service  is  detailed  from  among  the  Captains  by  the  Secretary  of  tlie 
Treasury.  The  present  Chief  of  the  Service  is  Captain  Worth  G.  Ross,  U.  S.  R.  C.  S.  The  Engineer- 
In-Chief  is  Chief  Engineer,  C.  A.  McAllister,  U.  S.  R.  C.  8. 

LIST  OF  VESSELS  OF  THE  REVENUE  CUTTER  SERVICE 


Namk. 


(First  Class.) 

Algonquin 

Apache 

Be.ir 

Gresh.im 

Itasca 

Manning 

McCulloch 

Mohawk 

Onondaga 

Ktish 

Seminole 

Thetis  

Tuscarora    

(Second  Class.) 

Chase 

Colfax 

Dallas 

Dexter 

Fessenden 

Forward 

Morrill 

Pamlico 


Headquarters. 


San  Juan,  P.  R. 
Baltimore,  Md. 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Boston,  Mass. 
Practice  Ship. 
Honolulu,  T.  H. 
San  Francisco,  Cal . 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Sitka,  Alaska. 
Wilmington,  N.  0. 
San  Fran -isco,  Cal. 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Practice  Ship. 
Station  Ship. 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 
New  London,  Ct. 
Out  of  Commission. 
Key  West,  Fla. 
Detroit,  Mich. 
iNewbem,  N.  0. 


Displace- 
ment. 


936 
664 
1,200 
936 
839 

9.;-' 

1,280 
980 
93'i 
550 
785 

1,200 
670 

520 
4^6 
370 
370 
545 
435 
397 
4u8 


Guns. 


0 

1 
3 
4 

10 
4 
6 
2 
2 
3 
3 
1 
1 

7 

1 
2 
2 


Name. 

Headquarters. 

l)i-p  a.e- 
ment. 

Guns. 

(Second  Class.) 
Perry 

Seattle,  Wash. 
Galveston,  Tex. 
Gulfport,  Miss. 
Portland,  Me. 

Port  Townsend,  Wash. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Baltimore,  Md. 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
Sault  Ste.  Marie.  Mich. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
Boston,  Mass. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Mobile,  Ala. 

Port  Townsend,  Wash. 

Chicago,  111. 

Pensaoola.  Fla. 

Port  Townsend,  Wash. 

Savann.ih,  Ga. 

451 

5-.'8 
340 
500 

130 
169 
220 
126 
48 
174 
220 
174 
i:4 
174 

17 
30 

'so 

80 
40 

1 
4 

[Winona 

1 

Wondtmrv 

(Third  Class.) 
Arc'ita 

1 

•  • 

.. 

Golden  Gate 

Guthrie 

•• 

;  Hartley 

ilu'lson 

Mackinac 

Manhattan 

Winnisimmet  .... 

Wissaliickon 

(Iiaunches.) 
Alert 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 

•  * 

Patrol 

,  , 

( Penrose  .......... 

,, 

! Scout  

^  , 

iTvi>ee  ........... 

,  , 

The  following  vessels  with  their  displacements  are  under  construction:  Androscoggin,  1,2/0; 
Snohomish,  795;  Number  17,  1,480;  Acushnet,  769;  Number  19,  153;  Number  20,  060;  Number 
21,  960. 

The  ocean  and  lake  coasts  ot  the  United  Slates  are  piclceted  witli  the  stations  of  the  Llfe-Saving 
Service  attached  to  the  United  States  Treasury  Department.  Sumner  I.  Kimball  is  general  snpeiin- 
tendent,  with  headquarters  at  Washington,  and  tliere  is  a  corps  of  inspectors,  superintendents, 
station  keepers,  and  crews,  extending  over  the  entire  coast  line,  together  with  a  Board  on  Life-Saving 
Appliances,  composed  of  experts  selected  from  the  Revenue  Marine  Service,  the  Army,  the  Life-sav- 
ing Service,  and  civilians. 

At  the  close  of  the  last  fiscal  vear  tlie  life-saving  establishment  embraced  2.8 'stations  2(K3  being 
on  the  .\tlantic  Coast,  60  on  the  lakes.  17  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  1  at  the  falls  oi  the  Ohio,  Louis- 
ville, Ky.     In  the  following  table  are  the  statistics  of  the  service: 


Disasters , 

Value  property  Involved 
Value  properly  saved  ..., 

-Value  property  lost 

Persons  involved , 

Persons  lost  . 


Year  Ending 

June  ,^0, 

1907. 


347 

$8,302,265 

$6,9.6,400 

$1,385,865 

3,936 

22 


Since  lntrodu>'tioM 
ol  I>ife-Savin;;  .Sys- 
tem in  18:1,  to 
June  Q.i.  1907. 
17,317 
$251,516,284 
$  99.4.')7,5»7 
$52,058,687 
121,627 
1.172 


Snipwre<:ked  pei-souB  succored 
at  stations 

Days'  succor  afforded 

Vessels  totally  lost  on  U.  8. 
coasts 


..        ,,    ,■       Since    iDlro'hution 

\ea-Eud.M8^£Life-SavineSy»- 
June  .50,  j^j^  ,„  ,g„;  ,„ 


1907. 


671 
995 

55 


June  30.  1907. 


20,548 
48,695 


In  addition  to  the  foregoing  thf  re  were  491  casualties  to  smaller  craft,  such  as  sailboats 
boats,  etc.,  on  which  there  were  1,176  persons,  of  whom  1 153  were  saved  and  33  loat*  The  c 
the  mainteneinoe  of  the  service  during  the  year  was  ^1,790, 198iiT 


,  row- 


State  and  Territorial  Statistics. 


615 


2ri)r  cStatc.9  anir  tfje  Sinion. 

THE    THIRTEEN    ORIOIXAL   STATES. 


STATES. 

Ratilied  the  Constitution. 

1787.  December?. 
1787,  December  12. 

1787,  December  18. 

1788.  January  2. 
1788,  January  9. 

1788.  February  6.                 i 
1788.  April  28 

1                STATES. 

Ratified  the  Constitution. 

1 

Delaware 

8  South  Caroluia 

9  New  Hampshire... 

10  Virginia 

11  New  York 

12  North  Carolina 

13  Rhode  Island 

1 

1788    Mav23 

2 
3 
4 

Pennsylvania 

New  .Jersey 

Georgia  

1788,  Juiie21. 
1788,  June  26. 
1788.  July  26 

5 
6 

Connecticut 

Massachusetts 

1789,  November  21. 

1790,  May  29. 

7 

Maryland.  .   

STATES    ADMITTED    TO    THE    UNION. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 


STATE.S. 


Admitted 


Vermont  .. 
Kentucky ., 
Tennessee. 

Ohio    

Louisiana- 
Indiana   . .. 
Mississippi 

Illinois 

Alabama  . 

Maine  

Missouri .. . 
Arkansas^. 
^Michigan.. . 

Florida 

Texas  

Iowa 

Wisconsin.. 


1791. 
11792, 
11796 
1 180:5. 
1812, 
1816, 
1817, 
1818. 
1819. 
1820, 
1821. 
1836. 
1837, 
1845. 
1845 
1846. 
1848, 


-Alarch  4. 
June  1. 
June  1 
February  19. 
April  30 
December  11 
December  10 
December  3. 
December  14. 
March  15 
August  10. 
June  15. 
January  26. 
March  3 
Decembei  29 
Decembe*'  28 
May  29 


States. 


l.S  jCalifornia  

19   .Minnesota  „ 

20lOregon 

21  Kansas    

22  West  Virginia., 

23  I  Nevada 

24  jNeb'rasKa. , 

2.5  Colorado 

26  North  Dakota. 

27  South  Dakota. 

28  Montana.. . 

29  Washington  .... 

30  Idaho  

31  I  Wyoming  

32  ;utah 

33  I  Oklahoma.. ... 


Admitted.* 


1850,  September  9. 

1858,  Mav  11. 

1859.  February  14. 
1861.  January  29. 

1863.  June  19. 

1864.  October  31. 
1867,  March  1. 
1876,  August  1- 
1889,  November  2. 
1889,  November  2. 
1889,  Novembers. 

1889.  November  11. 

1890,  July  3. 
1890,  July  11. 
1896,  January  4. 
1907.  November  16. 


K\)t  Ktxviit^utH, 


Territobies;. 


Ortfaiiized. 


Territories.  j 

District  of  Alaska Julj' 

Hawaii June 


Organized. 
~186a 


27. 

14,  1900. 


New  Mexico ..September  9,  185<).  | 

Arizona .February  24.  1863. 

District  of  Columbia...  I  July  16.  1790-Mar.  3. '91  ____^__ 

•  Date  when  admission  took  effect  is  given  from  U.  S.  Census  reports.  In  many  instances  the  act 
of  admissif)n  by  Congress  was  passed  on  a  previous  date. 

New  Possessions  —.4  government  for  Porto  Rico  w.as  established  by  the  Fifty-sixth  Congre.ss. 
The  Philippines  are  under  a  provisional  civil  government,  Guam,  and  Tutuila,  under  Governors,  and 
the  Isthmian  Canal  Zone  under  a  Commission,  all  appointed  by  the  President. 


.State  antr  territorial  Statistics- 


Gro.-is 

Extreme 

Extieint 

State.s  and 

Area  in 

Breadtl), 

Leii!;tll 

Tkrritoriss. 

S<i\iare 
-Miles.* 

Miles.t 

Miles. 

Alabama 

52,250 

200 

330 

Alaska  Ter. 

590,884 

800 

1.100 

Arizona  Ter 

113,020 

3:^5 

390 

Arkan.sas.  . 

53.850 

275 

240 

California    . 

1.58,;UdO 

375 

770 

Colorado 

io:;,925 

390 

270 

Connecticut 

4,990 

90 

75 

Delaware 

2,050 

35 

110 

Dist   of  Col .   . 

70 

9 

10 

Florida 

58,680 

400 

460 

Georgia 

59,475 

250 

315 

Idaho 

84.8(X) 

305 

490 

Illinois 

5»j,6.50 

205 

380 

Indiana 

36,:iT0 

160 

265 

Iowa 

5ti,025 

300 

210 

Kansas 

82,080 

400 

200 

Kentucky 

40,400 

3.50 

175 

Louisiana    . . 

48,720 

280 

275 

Maine    ... 

33.040 

2(to 

2:^5 

Maryland 

12,210 

200 

120 

Massachusetts 

8.315 

190 

110 

IMichiKan    . 

58,915 

310 

400 

^tinuesota  . 

83.:{»)5 

;i.50 

400 

Mississippi 

46,810 

180 

340 

Missouri 

69,415 

300 

2>40 

Montana 

146.080 

580 

315 

Capitals. 


Montgomery 
Sitka  IT 
Phrenix. 
Little  Rock. 
Sacramento. 
Denver. 
Hartford. 
Dover. 

Washington. 
Tallahassee. 
Atlanta. 
Boiso. 

.Springfield. 
Indianapolis 
Des  Moines. 
JTopeka. 
Frankfort. 
Baton  Rouge 
Augusta 
I  Annapolis. 
Boston. 
Lansing. 
St    PauL 
1  Jackson. 
JetTei-son  C'y 
Helena. 


State.s  and 
Territories. 

I 

i  Nebraska 

i  Nevada 

I  New  Hamp  . 
'New  Jersey  . . 
|N.  Mexico  T. 
iNew  York  .. 
:N.  Carolina  . . 
I.\.  Dakota.... 

Ohio 

jOklalioma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode"  Island. 

S".   Caiolnia. 

Soiitli  Dakota 
[Tennessee..  . 
iTexas. 

rtah 

Vermont 

|Virginia 

Washington . 
'W.  Virginia. 
I  Wisconsin  ..   . 
IWyoining 

!    Total  U.  S.. 


Gross 
Area  in 
Sijiiare 
Miles.* 


E.xtreme 
Bre.idtb, 
Miles.t 


77  ,.510 

110,70(1 

9,305 

7,815 

122,.580 

49,170 

52,25() 

70.795 

41 .060 

7(1  057 

96.o:io 

45,215i 

1,2.50 

30,570 

77.650 

42,050 

265,780 

84,970 

9,565 

42.450 

69.180 

24.780 

56.040 

97.89U 


415 

315 
90 
70 
350 
320 
520 
36(» 
230 
5>'5 
375 
300 

:i5 

2.^5 
380 
430 
760 
275 
90 
425 
340 
200 
290 
365 


Extreme 

Length, 

Miles. 


Capitals. 


3,616,484i  t2,720 


205  I  Lincoln. 
485  i Carson  City. 
185  I  Concord. 
160   Trenton. 
.390    Santa  Fe.     ' 
310  I.Albany. 
200  i  Raleigh. 
210  I  Bismarck. 
205  'Columbii.s. 
210  iGuthrie. 
290  ISalem. 
180  lllarrisburg. 
50  jl'rovidence. 
215   Columbia. 
245  I  Pierre. 
120  I  Nashville. 
620  ; Austin. 
.345  iSalt  Lake  C'y 
155  jMontpeiier. 
205  I  Richmond, 
230  lOlvmpia. 
225  I  Charleston. 
300  |Madisoii. 
275   Cheyenne. 


4 1,600 


Areas  of  the  new  posses.sions  Philippines,  115.026  square  miles;  Porto  Rico,  3,435;  Hawaii, 
6.449,  Tutuila  and  islets,  77,  Guam.  210,  Panama  Canal  strip,  474.  *Gro.ss  area  includes  wateras 
well  as  land  surface  These  areas  are  those  piiDlished  by  the  United  States  Census  Office  in  1900. 
t  Breadth  is  from  east  to  ws.st  Length  is  from  north  to  "south.  J  Breadth  from  Qiioddy  Head,  in 
Maine,  to  Cape  Flattery,  in  Washington,  length  from  the  49lh  parallel  to  Brownsville,  ou  the  Kig 
^raqd.©.    This  is  exclusive  of  Alaska,     f  The  capital  will  eventually  be  removed  to  Juneau, 


646 


tatt  antr  ^Territorial  ©^oUcrnmcuts. 


Governors. 


Statki  and 
Tkhrttories. 


Alabama  .... 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas.  ... 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut . 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Hawaii 

Idaho 

Illinois 

I  ndiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentncky  . . . 
Louisiana  . .  . 

Maine 

^Maryland  ' 

Massachusetts 

IMichigan 

Mninesota.  . . . 

Mississippi 

iMissouri 

Montana 

Xeliraska 

Nevada 

N.  Hampshire 
New  .lerse.v  . . 
New  Mexico. . 

New  York 

N.  Carolina.. . 
North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Porto  Rico 

Rhode  Island. 

S.  Carolina 

South  Dakota. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington . . 
West  Virginia 
Wisconsin.  .  . 
Wyoming 


N;lllles. 


JBriixtnn  B.  Comer 

Willord  B,  Hoggalf , 

Joseph  n.  Kil)hev» 

X.  O.  P//u^(«  (Act.  (jiov.) 

.lames  N".  Gillett , 

Henry  A.   IJnchtel 

Rollin  S.  WoodrutI 

Preston  I^ea 

jV'tpolron  B.  Broward 

Hoke.  Smith 

Walter  F.  Frear* 

(looding 

Deneen 

Hanly 

Cunimius 


Frank  R 
Charles  s, 
.1.   Frank 
Albert  H. 

Kdward  W.  Hoch 

A.  K.  Wilison 

yrii'/oii.  C  Blunchard..., 

Williani  T  Cobb 

A  list  in  L.  Crothers 

Curtis  (^nild.  Jr 

Fred.  M.Warner 

Jo/ui  A.  Johnson . 

E.  F.  Noel 

Joseph  W.  Folk 

Joseph  K.   Toole , 

George  L.  Sheldon 

Joh n  Stxtrks 

Charles  M.  Floyd 

.Tohn  Franklin  Fort 

George  Currj-* , 

Charles  E.  Hughes 

Robert  B.  Qlenn 

JnJin  Btirke 

.\  nd  re  w  L.  Harris 

C.  N.  Haskell 

Georfu  /?.  Chninh  rlain.. 

Kdwin  S.  Stuart 

Regis  H.  Post* , 

James  II.  Hiygins 

Hf.   F.  Ansel 

Coe  I.   Crawford 

Mnlcom  R.  Patterson.... 
Thomas  M.  Campbell... 

.Tohn  ( '.  Culler 

Fletcher  D.  Proctor 

Claude  A.   Sivanson 

.Albert  K.  Mead 

William   M.  O.  Dawson 

.lames  O.  Davidson 

iP.rvant   H.  Brooks. 


■>;il(ir!e>i   'I 


el'lil, 
Ye.irs. 


reiin.s  Expire. 


$5,000 
5,000 
3.000 
3.000 
6,000 
.0,000 
4,000 
2,000 
5,00ii 
5.000 
5,000 
5,000 

12.000: 
8,000 
5,000 
5  000 
6,500 
5,000 
3,000 
4,500 
8,000 
4,000 
7,000 
4,500 
5,000 
5.000 
2,500 
4,000 
2,000 

10,000 
3,000 

10,000 
4.000 
3.000 

10,000 
4,500 
5.000 

10,000 
8,000 
3,000 
3,000 
3,000 
4.000 
4,000! 
4,000 
1,500 
5,000 
4^)00 
5,000 
5.000 
2,500 


4 
4 
4 

i) 

4 

2 
2 

4 

s 

2 
4 
2 
4 

4 

o 

2 
4 

4 

») 

Aj 

4 

1 

.1 

2 

4 

4 

4 
» 

4 
2 
3 
4 
2 
4 
2 
2 
4 
4 
4 
4 
1 
2 
2 

2 
2 
4 
2 
4 
4 
4 
2 
4 


.Ian.  -.1911  . 
.Mar.  21,1910 
Feb. 27, 1909 
.Ian.  -,1909,. 
Jan. -,1911 
Jan.  10, 1909 
.Ian.   9,1909 
Ian. —,1909 
Ian.  —,1909 
June-, 1909 
June28  1911 
Tan.   7.1909 
Jan.— ,1909 
.Ian.— ,1909 
Jan.  —,1909 
Jan.  10,19(19 
Dec.  10.1911, 
May  -.1908 
Dec. -.190« 
Ian.  13,1912 
Jan.   1,1909 
Jan.   1,1909 
.Ian.   1.19(19. 
Jan.  18, 1912 
.Ian. —,1909 
Jan.  4,1909  . 
Jan.   1,1909 
Dec.  31, 1^10 
Jan.   7,1909 
.ran. 17, 1911 
.Tan.  22, 1910 
Jan.  1,1909' 
Tan. —,1909 
,lan.  —,1909 
Jan.   8.1909 
Dec.  31, 
Tan.  11, 
.Ian.  1^ 
Mar.  6,1911 
.Ian.  5, 1909, 
.Tan.  -1909 
Ian.   1,1909 
.Ian.  15,1909 
Jan.  —.1909 
Jan.  —,1909 
Oct.  —.1908 
Feb.  1.1910 
.Ian.  —,1909 
Mar.  4,1909 
Jan.  —,1909 
j.Ian.  -,1911 


,1910 
,1911 
,1911 


Lri^islatures. 

Time  of  Next 

State  or 

Teriitoriiil 

Ne-tt  Ses-sioii 

Ann. 

Limit 

Begins. 

Bien. 

Ses.sion. 

50  dys 
60  civs 

Election. 

Jan. 

-,1911 

Qnadi 

Nov. 

-,1910 

Jan. 

18. 1909 

Hien. 

Nov. 

3,1908 

Jan. 

11,1909 

Bien. 

60  dys 

Sepi. 

14,1908 

.Ian. 

4.1909 

Hien. 

60  dvs 

Nov. 

3, 1908 

•Ian 

12.1909'Bien. 

90  dvs 

Nov. 

3,1908 

.Ian 

6,1909!  Hien. 

rSoue. 

Nov 

3, 1908 

Jan. 

5,1909  Bien. 

60  dvs 

Nov. 

3,1908 

.Apr. 

2,1909  P.ieu. 

60  dv.s 

Nov. 

3. 1908 

.lune 

24.19(l8!.Ann. 

50  dys 

<)cl. 

7, 1908 

Feb. 

15,1909  liien. 

60  dys 

.liin. 

4,1909  Uien 

60  dys 

Nov. 

.s.  1908 

Jan. 

6,1909  I'.ieu. 

None. 

Nov. 

3.190H 

.Ian. 

7.1909  I'.ieu. 

6C  dys 

Nov. 

3.1908 

.Ian. 

11,1909  !5ien. 

None. 

Nov. 

3. 1908 

.Ian. 

12,1909  BifMi. 

5(.'  dvs 

Nov. 

3. 1908 

.Ian. 

7,1908  IJiou. 

6('  dvs 

Nov. 

5  l:ni 

May 

11.1908  ISien. 

60  dys 

Ai)r. 

21,lHo8 

Jan. 

6,1909  Hien. 

N  one. 

Sept. 

11,1908 

Jan. 

1.1908  I'.ieu. 

90  dvs 

Nov. 

3,1908 

J:>n. 

1,1908  .Ann. 

None. 

Nov. 

3. 1908 

Jan. 

6.1909  Hien. 

None 

Nov. 

3, 1908 

Jan. 

5.1909  Hien. 

90  dys 

Nov. 

3,1908 

.Ian. 

7.1908'  Hien. 

None. 

-Nov. 

3,1908 

.Ian. 

6,1909  Hien. 

70  dys 

Nov. 

;M908 

.Ian. 

4,1909  Hien. 

60  dvs 

Nov. 

3, 1908 

Jan. 

5,1909;  Hien. 

60  dvs 

Nov 

3.1908 

Jan. 

16,1909  I'.ieu. 

50  dys 

Nov. 

3. 1908 

Jan. 

6,1909  Hien. 

None 

Nov. 

3,1908 

Jan. 

7,1908  -Aim. 

None 

Nov. 

3, 1908 

•Ian. 

18,1909  Hien. 

60  dys 

Nov 

3.1908 

Jan. 

1,1908  .Ann. 

None. 

Nov. 

3.1908 

Jan. 

6,1909  Hien. 

60  dvs 

Nov. 

3,1908 

Jan. 

5,1909  Hien. 

60  dys 

Nov. 

3.1903 

Jan. 

4,1908  Hien. 

None. 

Nov. 

3.1908 

See  note  (^/)  Bien. 

(a) 

Nov 

-,r:'10 

.Ian. 

11,1909  Hien. 

40  dys 

.lune 

1,1908 

Jan. 

5,1909  Hien 

None. 

Nov. 

3,1908 

Jan. 

8,1908  Ann. 
7,1908  Ann. 

60  dvs 

,Jan. 

None. 

Nov. 

3,1908 

Jan. 

14,1908  Ami. 

40  dvs 

Nov. 

3, 1908 

.Ian. 

7.1909  Bien. 

60  dys 

Nov. 

3,1908 

.Ian. 

4.1909iBieu. 

!75  dvs 

Nov. 

3,1908 

Jan. 

12.1909  Bien. 

60  dvs 

Nov. 

3,1908 

Jan, 

11,1909  Bien. 

60  dvs 

Nov 

3,1908 

Oct. 

7,1908  Bien. 

INoiie 

Sept 

1,1908 

Jan. 

8,19081  Hien. 

60  dvs 

Nov. 

—,1909 

Jan. 

12.1909!  Hien. 

160  dvs 

Nov. 

3,1908 

Jan. 

18,1909  Bien. 

45  dys 

Nov 

3,1908 

Jan. 

13,1909  P.ieu. 

None. 

Nov. 

3,1908 

Jan. 

12,190t 

1  P.ieu. 

40  dys 

Nov. 

-,  1910 

Denocrats  in  i/nlirs.   Republicans  iu  Roman. 
,»       ♦'Ti'rrltori.Hl  (Jovf mors  ai«  appointed  by  the  Presiiient. 
160  days.    Limit  u£  subse<iueii:  sessions  CO  days. 


Next  Presidential  election, 
(a)  First  session  St:ite  lejjislatuve  beg.in 


November  3,  1908. 
Deo.  2,  1907,  limited  to 


PAY    AND    TERMS    OF    MEMBERS    OF    LEGISLATURES. 


States  and 
Tbrki- 

TORIES. 


Alabama. 
Arizona. 
Arkansas 
California 
Colorado. 
Comiec' t. 
Delaware 
Florida... 
Georgia. . 
Hawaii.  . 
Idaho.  . .. 
Illinois  . . 
Indiana. . 

Iowa 

Kansas  .  . 
ICent'cky 
Louisiana 


R.-ilaiies  of 

Members. 

Annual  or  Per 

Diem,  wliile 

in   Se.s.sion. 

$4  per  diem 

$4 

$6 
.$8 

$7         " 
.  Jji.SOOanu.... 
.  $5  per  diem 

,$6 

'$4 
.  $400  ami.... 

$5  per  diem 
.  $l,000ibien.. 
.;$6  per  diem 
.  $5.50  .ses'n. 
.I$3  per  diem 
.$5 

$5 


Teum.s  o|. 

Mkmrkks, 

Ykaus. 

Sena- 

Re(iie 
sent- 

tors. 

atives 

4 

4 

_ 

.._ 

4 

2 

4 

2 

4 

2 

i 

o 

2 

4 

2 

4 

2 

2 

2 

^_ 



i 

2 

2 

1 

4 

2 

4 

2 

4 

2 

1 

4 

3 

1 

4 

o 

4 

4 

, 

Statks  and 
Tekei- 

TOKIBS. 


Maine 

Maryland. 

Mass 

Michigan  . 

Minn 

Miss'sippi. 
Missouri.  . 
Montana. . 
Nebra-ska . 
Nevada  ... 
N.  Ham  p.. 
N.  Jersej'., 
N.Mexico. 
N.  York.  . 
X.Caro"  la. 
N.  Dak... 
Ohio 


Salaries  of 

Members. 

Annii.ll  or  Pt-i 

Diem,  while 

in  Session. 


Tkrm.s  of 
Mkmbkks, 


Sena- 
tors. 


$300  anil 

$5  per  diem 

$750  aim 

$3  per  diem 

iroOOaiin.... 

$400ses'u.. 

1$5  per  diem 

!$6 

i$5 

l$8        ' ' 

I  $200  an  n.... 

$500    "■ 

$4  per  diem 

$1  ,.500  ami.. 

$4  per  diem 

$5 

$1,000  an n.. 


2 
4 
1 
2 
4 
4 
4 
4 
2 
4 
2 
3 


sent- 
ative.s 


2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 
o 


1 

2 

2 
3 


States  ani> 
Tkrri- 

TORIK.S. 


Oklah'ma.. 
Oregon. . . . 

Penna 

Porto  Rico 
R.  Island.. 
S.  Carol' a. 
S.  Dakota. 

Tenn 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont  . 
Virginia.  .. 
Wa.sh'ton. 

W.  Va 

Wisc'nsln. 
Wyoming. 


Salaries  of 

Members. 

Annnal  or  Pe 

Diem,  wliile   ISena- 

in  Ses,sion.        tors. 


Tkrms  of 
Mkmbkrs, 

YKAR<i. 


$6  per  diem 
$3        ' ' 
$1,500  ses'n. 
$5  per  diem 
$5        " 
$4        '' 
$5 


$5 


$3 

$6 


$500  ann.,.. 
$5  per  diem 


4 

4. 
4 

I 

2 
2 
2 
2 
4 

O 

41 

4 
4 
4 
4 
4 


Repre 
seiil- 

.itiVPM 

2 

q 


All  ■>{  the  States  an  I  Territories  pay  mileage  als  • 
^r^Qsporl^itluQ  is  stcco^ded  in  (he  latter  by  i$ll  Milroads 


exc«pt  Colo^a  lo,  DeUware, 
to  meqibcvs  by  l«w. 


New  Hampshire  and  New  Jersey,  but  fr^f 


The  Federal  Goverimient. 


647 


K\)t  ifctictiil  ^oUccnmcnt. 


J^esidetU 

Vice  -President .... 


....  ...Thuodobe  Roosevklt,  of  New  York,*  — salary,  $50,000. 

Chakles  Warren  Fairbanks,  ot  Indiana,      "       12,000. 


THE    CABINET. 

Arranged  in  the  order  of  succession  for  the  Presidency  declared  by  Chapter  4,  Acts  of  49th  Congress, 

1st  Session,  and  Subsequent   acts. 


Secreta7'y  of  State— Elihu  Root,  of  New  York. 
Sf.cretaryoftlie  Vteasurii—Geo.  B.Corielyou.of  N.Y 
Se-crelat-y  of  IF(i/'— William  H.   Talt,  of  Ohio 
Attm-iieij-Genernt—Ch'iXvW^S.  Bonaparte, of  Md. 
i^s<7n«A<e7--W^/ie7ai— George  von  L.  JNleyer.of  Mass 


Secretary  of  the  Navy -Y\c\.OT  H.  Metcalf,  of  Cal. 
S'l-retary  uj  Interior-- Jaiue^  R.  (^arlield,  of  Ohio. 
■Scrretdry  of  A{lrlC^^(ture—JiU^t^'ii  Wilson,  of  lowu. 
Stcretary  of  Coninierce  and  Xu6yr— Oscar  S.  Straus, 
of  New  Yoik. 


The  salaries  of  the  Cabijiei  ollicers  are  $12,000  each. 


THE    DEPARTMENTS. 


^s5iVa>i<.Se«-^tori/— Robert  Bacon,  N.  Y  .... 
Second  Ash'  I  Secretary— A.  A.  Adee,  D.C  — 
TltirdAs!iHSect'y—U.\i\il\ug\.ou  Wilson,  111.. 
Cluef  CVf;/;— Charles  Ueub.v 

j«<t'/<s\./;>;/ocsH'^*^'^"^  *^-  '-■'^'■k,  Jr.,  Utah 
ASS  tSuticiloii^  William  C.  Dennis,  Ind.   .. 

Ch.  Diplomatic  Bureaa—S.   Y.  Smith,  D.  C. . 


STATE   DEPARTMENT. 

ai.  Q>nxiilar  Bureau— \V\]hur  . J.  Carr,  D.  0.  .$2,100 

Ch.  Iiidexe>i &  Archives— ii)\n\  R.  Buck .  ^,100 

Ch.  Bureau  Accounts— 'nw^.  Morrison,  N.  Y. 
Ch.  Bureau  Boll."  &  Lib' y-WMimn  McNair  .. 
Ch.  Bureau  Trade  Relations- Sohu  B.Osborne 

Ch.  Bureau  Aiipoinl nients—Chii^.  It.   Dean 

Cli.  Bureau  Passporls—(iaX\\d.iiX  Hunt,  U.  C. 


$4,500 
4,500 
4,500 
3,000 
3,000 
3,000 

.   2,100 


2,100 
2.UW 
2,1()0 
2.10<J 
^',100 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 


^.«.sis^(^/n<.S'wre/a7"i/—BeekmanWinthrop,N.Y, $4,500 
Assistant Seeretary—.]ii\neH  B.  Reynold.s,  Mass  4,.500 
Assistant  Secretary— John  H.  Edwards,  Ohio  4,500 

Chief  tVrAr— Walter  W.  Ludlow,  Minn 3,000 

C/iief  Ap/jointinent  Div.  — (.'has.  Lyman,  Ct 2,750 

Ch.  'Bookkeepin(j  Dic—W.  F. MacLeimaii,N.  Y.  3,500 
Chief  Pal>lic  Moueys  Die— K.  B.  Daskam,Ct..  2,500 

Chief  Customs  Dii>  —Jame^  L.  Gerry,  111 2,750 

Ch.  Ijjans  ct  (Jur. Div.  — A.T.  H un tiugton,  Mass.  3,000 
Cti.  Statio>iery&:  P/'f7  Z>'''.— O.Shnnions,  D.  C.  2,500 
Cliief  Mails  and  Files  Z)/i'.— S.  M.  (iaines,  Ky  .   2,500 

Ch.  Revenue  Cutter  Service— Woilh  ti.  Ross 

Director  of  Mint— Frauk^  A.  Leach,  Cal 4,500 

(Government  .-Ic/urov— Joseph  S.  McCoy,  N.J.  1,800 
Superv.  Sur(jeoa-(ien.—\\'i\.\iv:r  Wynuiii,Mo  ..  4,000 
Cli.  Bur.  Enp.  &  Printinp—T.  J.  Sullivan,  I).  C.  4,5o0 
Supei-^visinp  Architect— Janmfi  K.  Taylor,  Pa..  4,500 
Compt.  of  Treasury— Robl.  J.  Tracewell,  Ind.  5,500 


Auditor  for  Treasury— Wm.  E.  Andrews, Neb 
Auditor  for  War  Dept.-Ben].  I'\  Harper.  Ind. 
Auditor  for  Int.  Dept.-R.  S.  Person,  S.  D.... 
Auditor  for  Nan/  DepL—W.  W.  Brown,  Pa... 
Auditor  for  St<Ue,  c<c. —Caleb  R.  Laylon,J)el. 
Auditor  for  P.O.Dept.  —Ernst  (i.Tunme.  \\  is. 

Treasurer  of  {'. -S.  — Cha.s  H.  Treat,  N.  Y 

Assi.ffant  Treasurer— J amvs  F  Meliue,  Ohio.. 
Reaister  Treasury— Wm.  T.  Vernon.  Kan.... 

Deputi/Reaistei-CvrunF.  A<Uuns,  111   

Chinp' rof'Currencu—Wm.  B.  Bidgely,  111  . . . 
Commis.  Intermd  Rev.  —John  W.  Yerkes.Ky. 
Dep.  Com.  Internal  Rev.  — R.  Williams,  J  r. ,  La. 
Dep.  Com.  //i^^rn*^/ AVd —J. C. Wheeler,  Mich. 
Solicitor  Internal  Rev.— Arlhuv  B.  llayes.Ulah 
Solicitor  of  Treasury— "M.  D.  O'Connell,  Iowa. 
Chief  .Secret  Service— ino.  E.  Wilkie,  111 


S4,00«( 
4, 0(H) 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
8,000 
3,600 
4,000 
2,250 
5,000 
6,000 
4,000 
3,600 
4,500 
4,500 
4.000 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


.(4 «« V  .Secr«ton/— Robert  Shaw  Oliver,  N,  Y.  $4,500 

Chief  Clerk— John  C.  Scotield,  Ga 3,000 

Chief  of  Staff— M&ior-ii^iw.  J.  F.  Bell 5..^U0 

C/tJe/ C/i?rA:— Nathaniel  Hei-shler,  111    2,000 

Mil . Se.cretury—'Sla.] .-Gqu .  F.  C.  Ainsworth,    .  7,500 

Chiej  C/<?r/.— Jacob  Freeh,  D.C 2,000 

/jw/>.-^Tf/i.— Brig.-Gen.  K.  A.  Garlington 5.500 

C/((■e•/C/^/•^-— Warren  H.  Orcutt,  Me.." 1,800 

Judge.-Adv.-Gen.—^v\^.-(jHin.(Aeo.  B.  Davis.     5,500 

Chief  Clerk  and  .Solicitor— Ij.  W.  Call,  Kan 2,2-50 

(^'jvn(-«to-'?^/;.-Brig.-(iieii.  Jas.  B.  Aleshiie.  5,500 

Chief  Clerk— Hkiuvy  D.  riaxton,  Ma.ss 2,000 

0)nim.issary-Gen.-B\\^.-iif^n.  H.  G.  Sharpe.    5,500 

C'/u>/ CV/A;— Emmet  Hamilton,  Minn  2.000 

Surgeon- Gen.— Qns.-<j^n.  R.  M.  O'Reilly....  5,500 


Chief  Clerk-GeoTKe  A.  Jones.  N.  Y $2,9^ 

Pfn/«»«.v/.^/--<?(^/i.-Brig.-Geii.  C.  C  Sniffen....  5,oOO 

C//(<^/'C/f')  A:— William  ISfanley,  Cal 2,000 

Oi.of  Enaineer.s-livig.-Lieu.  A  lex.  Mackenzie  5,o00 

C/uf/'C/^l/.-— Phineas  J.   Dempsey,  Va 2,000 

Oijp/o'r>>Y//ia>i/'p-Brig.-(ieii.  Wm.  Crozier. . .  5,:)00 

C/i/r/- C/r/A-John  J. Cook,  1)  C 2,400 

OilefSional  Officer— Brig.-d^n.  James  Allen.   o.-oOO 

Ch ief  C/<"rA— Herbert  S.  Fl y  n  u ^ 

Ch.  Bit.  In.  Air.  -Brig.  -Gen.  C.  R.  Edwards 

Chief  Clerk— A.  D.  Wilco.x,  Pa 

Otticer  Charoe  Pub.  B/d(is.-Vo\.  C  S.  Bromwell 

0/i/>/CTf?A:-E.  F.  Concklin,  N.  Y   .   ... 

Landscape  Gardener— George  11.  Brown,  D.  C 


2,000 
5.500 
2,000 
3,500 
2,400 
2,000 


NAVY 

^.wV.9^r»Wrt;7/— Truman  H.  Newberry,Mich.$4,.')00 

Chief  Ofez-A:— Frank  S.  Curtis 3,000 

Pres. General  «w</v/— Admiral  George  Dewfv.13,500 
Chief  Vardsand  Docks -L'wW  Engineer  Rich- 
ard C.  Hoi  i  yday t 5.500 

Chief  O/ci/K-t/ic^-k.-Adm.N.  E.Mason 5,500 

Chief  Supplies  and  Accounts  — I^aymaster-Gen. 

E.  B.  Rogers 5,,500 

Chief  MedicineSuv.-Geu.  Presley  M.  Rixevt  8.500 
Chief  Equipment- R.-.\(\m.W.  .S.  Cowles'.. 
Chief  Omstr  net  ion  -Naval  Constructor  Wash- 
ington L.  Capps  t 5,500 


DEPARTMENT. 

Chief  Naviaat ion— R..-  A^m.  W  H.  Brownson.  .87,500 
/?/ir/)nw-/u-C/u.?/— U.- Ad m. Charles W.Rae.   o,oOO 

Ju<Uie-Adv.-Gen.—Ca.\>i.  K.  H.  Campbell 4,500 

Prfs.      Naval    Exam     i;o«;f<- Rear- Admiral 

A.  R.  Couden v.vv  **'^'* 

Pres.  .Xaval  Retiring  Board— CiiLl>VA\n    W.J.    _ 

Barnette •■•• ^'Vi? 

Ch.  Jntelhg.  0//ur-Capt.  Raym'd  P.  Roclgei-S  4,lbt) 
.Supt.  Naval  O/w.— Rear- Admiral  Asa  Walker  4,lb5 
Director  Nr.iUical  Aim -PyoI.  M.  Updegratt  .  2,(00 

//■/A<;of/;Y«p/i<??— Commander  C.  C  Rogers 3,5/0 

Comdl.  Marine  a»7W—Brig.-Gen.G. F.Elliott..  o,500 


5,500 


*  Secretary  to  the  President,  William  Loeb,  Jr. 

t  Rank  and  title  of  Rear- Admiral  while  holdlag  said  ofBoe. 


C48 


The  Fedeml 


(xoiiernmeni. 


POSr-OFKICK   DKt'ARTMKNT. 


C/nyr  C74?rA;-Mcrritt  O.Chauco,  111 .$3,0(»0 

Aas't  CldKf  Cirrk  -Goo.  «;.  rUomsou,  Micb. . .  2,000 
First  Ass' t  P.  jr.  (.>.— F.  1£.  IlJtolicock,  Mas-s..  5,000 
Second  Ass' 1 1'.  M.  G.—Jaii.'L\  Mct'leaiy.Minu.  4,500 

Third  Ass' t  F.M.U.—A.  J..  Lawshe,  Iiid 4,5tO 

Fourth  Ass' t  P.  M.  r,!.-P.  V.  iJe(Jra\v,  i'a 4,500 

Assistunl  Attortwi/- (-fen. —liu^svll  1'.  (loodwiii.  4,5t'0 
Purchiisiiiy  Ayenl—W'.E. (Jocliian,  Col 4,000 

INTKRIOR    OKPARTME.VT. 


Appoint  me  Kt  CfcrA-— aeorpe  S.  Paiill,  OhJo. , .  .$S,0(K) 
•Sopi.Div.nf  Fiiteign  Maiis—lS.'^l.  Brooks,  Va.  iJ.ovK) 
I'iupt .Div.of Money- Or</€?-«— E.F.Kimball, Mass  o,5oo 
Gen.  Siipt.  Div.  ojB)/.  M.  .S'.— Alex. Grant, Mich  4,000 
Snjit.Div.of  Dedd  Letters— J nm^-f^  1{.  Youiier,  I'a  2,500 
C/iif'i'  Iiis/jf'ctur  —W m.  J.  Vic'kery,  1 11(1.. .......  4,0(K) 

JJisbursiny  Uer/c—\V.  2>l.  IMooiiey,  Ohio 2,.i60 


First  Ass' t  Ser.relarii  -Frank  Piorcf ,  Utah .$4,5iK) 

Assistant  Secrftiir(i—Sr':<im  K.  Wilson,  lud 4,5(!U 

Chief  Clerk— Vli\\\\ivd  M.Da\v.suii,Md S,000 

Axs'tAttij.-Gen.—(iiiOvge\y.  Woodrulf,  Pa. .  o,000 
Cunanis.  Ltmd  O'/fce— Kichard  A.    Jialliiiger, 

\Va.sh 5, 000 

Ass' I  Coniinis.  —Fred  Dennett,  N.  1) 3,5(K) 

Coinniis.  /V/w/o;i.s— Vesptusian  Warner,  111 5,000 

First  Depniii  Coiu.  of  Pensions— iaii.  L.  Daven- 
port, N.  LI 3,600 

DEFARTMKNT 

.So^jVjYoj'-G'pu.  — HenrvM.  Ilovt,  Pa !ii7,5u0 

Ass' t  to  Atly.-den—yWWon  1).  I'urdy,  .Minn  ..  7,000 

.-Ixs'^  ^//.V.-trV/i.— J  oil  n  ( I.  Thompson,  ill 5,000 

Ass'  I  Att I/.  -Gen.  — Vacnut. 

Ass' t  Attn. -Gen.  — Chas.  W.  Russell,  W.  Va  . . .  5,000 
A'<stA'tu-Gen.  —  Ki\\sa\(\  T.  Sanford,  Tenn.  5,000 
^ji»"f^^<y.-tf^/i.— William  W.  Brown,   Pa...   5,000 

DKPAKTMKXT    <»K 

Ass't  .S'ecj-etory— Willett  H.  Hays,  Minn §4,500  ] 

Chief  aerk—s.  R.  iiiuch.   Ivan 2,500  i 

Appoint>n€nt  Cferk—Aoseph  B.  Bennett,  Wis.'  2,000  | 

Chief  Weat/ier  5u/rr(i(— Willis  L.  Moore,  111.  5,000 

CfiiefBur.  .4ui/urt;/)ueiw/.— Dr.A.D.Melvin,Ill  5,000  : 

JDiredor Ecpe>- intent  St(Uions—\.  C.  True,  Ct. . .  3,500  ' 

Chief  Div.  Piihl icatinn-^-iiao.  Wm.  Hill, Minn.  3.000  \ 

CfiiefDiv.  Accon)its—A.  Zappone,  D.  C 2,700  I 

Chief   «((r^ait.S'o;7.s— Milton  Whitney,  Md...  3,500] 

Cliief  Bureau  Forestrij—G\^i^ov(\.  Pinchot,  N.  Y.  5,000  I 


/S'l-nntl  Jhf)iity  O/in.  of  Pensions— I^eyerett  ^I. 

Kelley.I  1 $.3,600 

Coiamiii.  Education— K\vat.'V  ^.  Brown,  Cal...  3,500 
Ctnii.  Indian  ..^i^a/rs— Francis  K.   Leupp,  J>.('.  4,000 

Ass't  Cyjinmi-s.  —Charles  F.  Larrahee.Me 3,000 

Coininis.  Patents— Ktlwurd  B.  Moore.  Midi...  5,000 

Ass't  0)nunis.  —Cornelius  C.  lUlliuifs,  Vt 3,000 

Direc.  Geol.  .Sine— George  Otis  Smith.  Me...  6,000 
C/iir/  Clerk  Geo!. Siirveiz-lienvy  C.  Rizer.Kan.  2,500 
JJiiec.  h'tclamat ion Servicf  —i\  H.  Xewell,  Pa.. 6,000 

OK     Jr.STJCK. 

Axs't  Atty.- Gen. -A\{iyra  W.  Cooley.N.  Y $5,000 

Siliritor  state  Jje/>t.—.]nii.  B.Scott,  Cal 4,500 

Ciiii'f  Cterk—O.  J.  Field,  Kan  3.700 

Appointment  0*:*^— Cha.s.  B.  Sornborger,  Vt..  2,000 

A'tfi.  for  Pardons— .\a.\\\os  A.  Finch,  N.  Y 2,050 

Bisburslna  C(€rk—X\ii\.  C.  Caine,  Ohio 2,750 

S.'atistiri(in—\\\H..  Olmstead,N.  C $3,500 

Eiitomolofiist—L.  O.  Howard,  N.  Y 3J50 

Oienwt-H.  W.   Wiley,  lud 5,000 

Chief  Biv.  BiolO(iicalSurvei/—ii.  H.  Merriani, 

N.  Y ■. 3,000 

Director  Hoad Iii(piiri/—Pn>{.  L.W.  Page,MMSS  2.7.50 
Chief  JJir.  Foi:  Markets— U.K.  Hohnes,  D.C.  2,500 
Chief  Bureau  of  Plant  Jndust)-v—B.  T.  Gallo- 
way. Mo ■ r. 5.000 

Libn(riaii—:M.\iiS  C.  R.  Barnett,  Ohio 2,000 


DEPART.MKNT  OF   CoMMKRUE  AN'O  LABOR. 


Assistant  -^ec' y.  — Laurence  O. Murray, N.  Y. .i?5,0oo 

Chie/Clyrk-Vmuh  II.  Bowen,  Mass 3,000 

Disbursinr/  Clerk— \V\n.    L.  Solean,  Md 2,750 

Comniis.Oorpor(Uions—\i..  K.Smith.  Ct 5,000 

Conimis.  Minufactu}-ers—.lohn  M.  Carson,  Pa.   4,000 

Chnimissioner  of  Labor— C.  P.  Neill,  D.C o.ooo 

C7tajr. /;/.-//:  B(Z.— Rear- Adm.  G.  C.  lieiter...   7,500 

Ifirector  Census -i>.  X.   1).  Xorth,  Mass 6,«MtO 

Sn)).Ouist  d-Geod..<^iiri>ri/—0.  II.  Tittmanu.Mo.   6,000 
Ch.  Bureau  Statistics— O^^axv  P.  Austin,  D.  C.   4,000  ' 


Sup.  Insp.-Gen.  Stl>t.  .9fJ-?'.— Geo.  Thler,  Pa..S4.000 
C'ommissioner  Fi-'/ieries—Q.^l.  Bowers, W.\" a.  o.iK.O 
Conimis.  Nnvipation—'K.  T.  Chamberlain,N.  Y. 
Commi.t.-Gou  Imminration—V.'P. Sargent,! II. 
Director  Bur.  S'andards—S.  W.  St  ration,  ]  1! . . 
Appointments— O.  W.  Leadlpy,IS".  V. 

Printin<.'—G.  C.  Havenner,  D.  C 

JVaturalization—ll.  K.  Campbell,  Va 

In:<iim.  Jin/uiyratioa  —T.  V.  Pow- 

Pa 3,500 


Ch.  I>iv. 
Ch.  lJi>\ 

Ch.   J)iv. 

Ch.  Die. 
derly. 


4,0ti0 
5,000 
5.000 
2,250 
2,000 
3,500 


Civil  Service  Conimis.  —John  C.  Black,  111. . . .  $4,000 
Civil  Service  fJommi.<t.—.^ .  A.  Mcllhenny,  La..  4,000 
Civil  Service  Omiinis.  — H.  F.  (^reeue,  Minn. ..  4,0O0 
Chief  Examiner  Civ.  .9er.— F.M.Kiargins.Tenn.  3,000 
Secretary  Civil  Service— iohn'V.  Doyle,  X.  Y..    2,500 

Government  PritUer—Charlefi  A.  Stillings 4,500 

Librftrian  of  Confjress—Hf^rhcvi  Putnam,  Mass.  6,000 
Assistant  Librarian— A.  R.  Spofford,  Ohio 4,000 

IXTERSTATK  COMMERCE   COMMISSION, 


Dtrecfor  Bureau  of  Amei'ican  Jieptdilics-John 

Barrett  Ore $5,000 

Chief  (Jerk  Bureau  Anier.  A'e/>.— William  C. 

Wells '. 2,500 

,S'^r/r/a>7/— Francisco  J.  Yanes 3,000 

■S'"-".  Smithsonian  List  it  ute—yi\.Ci\.nt 3,000 

I)ir.  Bureau  Amer.  Ethnology  -W .H.  Holmes 


Martin  A.    Knapp,  N.  Y.,  Chairman $10,000 

.ludsou  C.  Clements,  Oa 10,000 

Francis  M.Cockrell,  Mo 10,000 

Charles  A.  Prouty,Vt 10,000 


F.  K.   Lane,  Cal $10,000 

K.  E.  Clark,  Iowa lO.OoO 

.7.  S.  H:irlan,Ill. 10,000 

F-dward  A.   ISIoseley,  Mass. ,  Secretary o,ooo 


SPAXI.SH-AMKRICAX   C  F.AIMS  COMMISSION. 


William  E.  Chandler,  "N".  H $5,ooo 

(lerrit  .1.  Diekema,  Mich 5,ooo 

James  Perrj-  Wood,  Ohio 5,000 

BOARD  OF   INDIAN  COMMISSIONERS 


William  A.  Maury,  D.C... 
William  L.  Chambers,  Ala. 


.$5,000 
.   5,000 


C/jrt/r??Kni— DarwinR.  James, X.Y. 
.S^cre/u>7/—:Merrill  E.Gates,  Wash- 
ington. D.  C. 
Albert  K.  Smiley,  N.  Y. 


E.  Whitt!e.sev,  1).  C. 
William  D.  Wnlker.  N.  Y. 
Joseph  r.  .Tacobs,  Mich. 
Patrick  J.  Ryan,  Pa. 


t  Andrew  S.  Draper,  111. 
Qt'orge  Vaux,  .Ir.,  Pa. 
Michael  Jianninsr,X.  Y. 
The  board  serves  witliout  salary 


..,.c.  Me Selden  Connor. 

Bos'lon,  .AIa.ss Augustus  J.   Hoitt. 

iiutralo,X.  Y Charles  A.  Orr. 

Chicago,  111 Charles  Bent. 

Columbus.^ Ohio W.  R.  Warnock. 

Concord.  >s.  H Vacant. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa Wllliani  V.  Willcox. 

Detroit,  Mioli O'-car  A.  Janes. 

Indianapolis,  I  ml .Albert  <»  Marsh. 

•Salaries  ol  Pension  Agent.s,  §4,000, 


I'NITED  STATES   PENSION    A(iENTS. 


Kiioxville,  Tonn William  Rule. 

Louisville.   Ky .Andrew  T.  Wood. 

Milwaukee,  Wis Edwin  D.  Coe. 

Xew  York  City.  N.  Y.. Michael  Kerwin. 

Philadelphia,  Pa St  Clair  A.  Mulholland. 

Pittsburgh.  Pa Daniel  Ashworth. 

San  Francisco,  Cal Jesse  B.  Fuller. 

Topeka.  Kan WilderS.  Metcalf. 

Washington,  D.  C John  R.  King. 


The  F'ederal  Gomrnme7it. 


640 


UNITED    STATES    ASSISTANT    TREASURERS. 


Sub' Treamries.  AxsMunt  Trtasuirrs. 

B.^ltiinore Oarrnce  C.  I'usey. 

Boston Etlwln  IT.  Curtis. 

Chlca{:o Williaiii  Boldeiiweck. 

Cinrinnati Cli.irlen  A.  Buswurtli. 

New  Orleans Clarence  S.  Flebert. 


f^'iib-  Trea.iuries.  AssiataiU  Treasurer.*. 

New    York Hamilton    Fish. 

Philadelphia Joseph  B"Bier. 

St.  Louis Thom.'B  ,1.  A  kins. 

San  Francisco 'NVilliani  C.  UaUiin. 


Carson  City .  .(Equipped  .is  As<>ay  Office), 

Rosweli  K.  ColcorJ,  Assayer  in  charfre. 
New  Orleans Hugh  S.  Suthon. 


SUPERINTENDENTS    OF    MINTS. 


riiiladelphia Tohn  U.  r.nnd's* 

San  Francisco.    P^dwaril  .'<w..'iiy, 

Denver F.  M.  Uowner 


Hoiilton,  Me.,  William  M.  Sewell. 
B;\n(ror,  Me..  Albert  R.  Dav. 
Bath,  Me.,  Elwell  S.  Crosby. 
Belfast,  Me.,  Ch:iries  E.  Knowlton. 
Castine,  Me.,  John  M.  Vogell. 
Ellswortii,  Me.,  Henry  'Wniiling. 
Machias,  Me.,  Frank  L.  Shaw. 
Kennebiiiik,  Me.,  Georjfe  E.  Cousens. 
Easfport,  Me.,  J;icob  C.  Pike. 
Portland,  Me.,  Charles  M.  Moses. 
Saco,  Me.,  William  L.  Gerrish. 
Waldoboro,  Me.,  Fred.  W.  Wi^'ht. 
Wiscasset,  Me.,  Uaniel  H.  Moodv. 
York,  Me.,  Herbert  D.  Philbrick. 
Portsinonth,  N.  H..  Sherman  T.  Newton. 
Bristol,  B.  1.,  Charles  A.  Barbour. 
Providence,  K.  I.,  Reorije  W.  Gardiner. 
Burlington,  Vt.,  Charles  H.  Darling. 
Newport,  VU,  Curtis  S.  Emery. 
Bridgeport,  Ct.,  Fred.  Enos. 
Hartford,  Ct.,  Ezra  B.  Bailev. 
New  Haven,  Ct.,  .1.  Kice  Winchell. 
New  London,  Ct.,  Thomas  O.  Thompsou. 
Stouinifton,  Ct.,  Charles  T.  Stanton. 
Barnstable,  Mass.,  Th.ncher  T.H.allet. 
Boston,  Mass.,  George  H.  Lyinan. 
Edgartown,  Slass.,  Charles  H.  Marchant. 
Fall  River,  Mass.,  James  Brady. 
Gloucester,  M:i.s.s.,  William  H.  Jordan. 
Marblehead,  M.ass.,  Luke  B.  Colbert. 
N.antucket,  Mass.,  Obed  G.  Smith. 
New  Bedforil,  Mass.,  Kufus  A.  Sonle. 
Plymouth,  Mass.,  Herbert  Slorissey. 
S.alein,  Mass.,  David  M.  Little. 
Bnflfalo,  N.  Y.,  Frederick  O.  Mnrray. 
Cape  Vincent,  N.  Y'.,  William  J.  Grant. 
Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  Waiter  C.  Witherbee. 
Dunkirk,  N.  Y.,  John  Bourne. 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Gen.  F.  Roth. 
New  Y'ork,  N.  Y.,  Edward  S.  Fowler. 
Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y^.,  John  A.  Merritt. 

Portland,  Me.,  Joshua  L.  Chamberlain. 
Boston,  Mass.,  .Tereiniah  J.  McCarthy. 
Springfield,  Mass.,  Henrv  L.  Mines. 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  Willi.-im  Barnes,  Jr. 
Greenport,  N.  Y.,  John  A.  Bassarear. 
New  Y'ork,  N.  Y.,  James  S.  Clarkson, 
Patchogne,  N.  Y.,  Sidnev  O.  Weeks. 
Port  Jefferson,  N.  Y.,  Arthur  X.  Randall. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Ernest  L  Edgecumb. 
Philadelphia,  P.a.,  Perry  M.  Lytle. 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Mahlon  JL  G.arland. 
Baltimore,  Md.,  Robert  A.  Ravenscroft. 
Wheeling,  W.  V.a.,  Charles  T.  Reed, 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  MarcUusO.  Markham. 
New  Orleans,  La.,  Feiitou  W.Gibson. 
Louisville,  Ky.,  WiiUam  G.  Dearing. 


COLLECTORS    OF    CUSTOMS. 


Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  Wm.  H.  Daniels. 
Oswego,  N.  Y. ,  James  H.  Cooper. 
Sag  Harbor,  N.  Y.,  Peter  Dippel. 
Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  John  Doscher,  Asst.  Col 
Bridgetou,  N.  J.,  William  B.  Boone. 
Burlington,  N..T.,  Reginald  Banch. 
Somers  Point.  X.  J.,  Walter  Fifield. 
Newark,  N.  J.,  George  L.  Smith. 
Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.,  Robert  Carson. 
Tuckerton,  N.  J.,   Frank  W.  Leach. 
Camden,  N.  J.,  F.  F.  Patterson,  Asst.  Col. 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Chester  W.  Hill. 
Krie,  Pa.,  Benjamin  B.  Brnwn. 
Wilmington,  Del.,  David  S.  d.-^rk. 
Washington.  D.  C,  Howard  S.  Xyman. 
Annapolis,  Md.,  Lawrence  Bailliere. 
Baltimore,  Md.,  William  F.  Stone. 
Crislield,  Md.,  Lincoln  A.  Dryden. 
.■\lexaudria,  Va.,  Lewis McK.  Bell. 
Cape  Charles,  V.a. ,  C.  G.  Smithers. 
Norfolk,  Va.,  FlovH  Hughes. 
Petersburg,  Va.,  William  Mahone. 
Tapp.ihannock,  Va.,  John  Ro.sler. 
Newport  News,  Va.,  J.  E.  B.  Stuart. 
Richmond,  Va.,  Joseph  B.Stewart. 
Beaufort,  N.  C,  Christ<'|)herD.  Jones. 
Newbern,  N.  C,  Daniel  W.  Patrick. 
Elizabeth  City,  N.  C,  D.  O.  Xtw berry. 
Wilmington,  N.  C. ,  Benjamin  F.  Keith. 
Beaufort,  S.  C,  Robert  Smalls. 
Charleston,  S.  C,  Wm.  D.  Crum. 
Georgetown,  S.  C,  Isaiah  J.  McCottrie. 
Brunswick,  Ga.,  Henry  T.  Dunn. 
Savannah,  Ga.,  John  H.  Deveaiii. 
St.  Mary's,  Ga.,  John  51.  Holzendorf. 
Mobile, "Ala.,  William  F.  Tebbetts. 
Gulfport,  Miss.,  Frederick  W.  Collins. 
Natchez,  Miss.,  Cyrus  G.  Engle. 
Vicksburg,  Miss.,  William  L.  Short. 
Apal.achicola,  Fla..  Antoine  J.  Murat. 
Cedar  Kevs,  FLi.,  Fred.  C.  Cubberh  . 

SURVEYORS    OF    CUSTOMS. 


Fernandina,  Fla.,  John  W.  Howell. 
Jacksonville,  Kla.,  William  H.  Lucas. 
Key  West,  Fla..  Georjre  W.  Allen. 
St.  Augustine,  Kla.,  Frank  J.  Howalt, 
Tampa,  Pla.,  Matthew  B.  Macfarlane. 
Pensacola,  Kla.,  John  E.  Stiilman. 
New  Orleans,  La..  H.nry  .McCall. 
Br.ashear,  La.,  John  A.  Thornton. 
Brownsville,  Tex.,  John  W.  Vann. 
Corpus  Christi,  Ter.,  .Tames  .1.  H.ivne.s. 
Eagle  P.a.ss,  Tex..  Robert  W.  Dowe. 
El  Pa.so,  Tex..  Alfred  L.  Sharpe. 
Galveston,  Tex.,  Francis  I>.  Lee. 
Port  Arthur,  Tex.,  Rus'-ell  H.  Dunn. 
Cleveland,  O.,  Charles  F.  Le.ach. 
Sandusky,  O.,  Charles  A.  Jud.sun. 
Toledo,  6.,  .lo8e]>li  C.  Bonner. 
Detroit,  Mich.,  John  H.  Wiielan. 
Grand  Haven.  Mich..  Walter  L  LJllit. 
Marijuette,  Midi..  Gad  Smith. 
Port  Huron,  Mich.,  Lincoln  Avery. 
Chicago,  111.,  John  C.  Ames. 
St.  Paul.  Minn.,  .lohn  Pel^-rsou. 
Duluth,  Minn.,  Levi  M.  WilUnls. 
Milw.aukee,AVis.,  William  H  De  Vok. 
Great  F.ills,  Mont.,  Charles  M.  W'ebsler. 
San  Franci.sco,  Cal.,  Fred'k  8.  Stratton. 
Sau  Diego,  Cal.,  Frank  W.  Barnes. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  Cornelius  W.  Pendleton. 
Eureka,  Cal.,  Sterling  A.  Campbell. 
Astoria,  Ore.,  Clark  W.  Carnahan. 
Coos  Bay,  Ore.,  Morton  Tower. 
Portland,  Ore.,  Philip  S.  M.ilc  Im. 
Yaquina,  Ore.,  Charles  B.  Crosuo. 
Port  Townseud,  Wash.,  Fred.  C.  Harper. 
.Tuneau,  Al.iska,  Clarmre  L.  Ilobart. 
Xogales,  Ariz.,  Myron  H.  MiCord. 
Pembina,  N.  D.,  Judson  LriMoure.     . 
Honolulu,  H.  I.,  E.  R.  Stackable. 
San  Juan,  P.  R.,  James  K.  Causten. 


Paducah,  Ky.,  John  R.  Puryear. 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  James  Jeff  revs. 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  Thomas  B.  Stapp. 
Nashville,  Tenu.,  John  J.  Gore. 
Knoxville,  Tenn.,  Thomas B.  McLemore. 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Charles  M.  Clark. 
St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  .Folin  Albus,  Jr. 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Charles  F.  Gallenkaujp. 
Cincinnati,  O.,  Amor  Smith,  .Tr. 
Columbus,  O.,  William  C.  Kennedy. 
I  Dayton,  O.,  Oscar  I.  Robliins. 
Kvansville,  Ind.,  Frank  B.  Posey. 
: Indianapolis.  Imi.,  Leopold  G. 
|Michigan  City,  Ind.,  Charles  J 
jCairo,  111.,  Tliomas  C.  Elliott. 
iGalena,  III.,  William  Vincent. 


I  Peoria,  III., 
Rock  Island 
Biirlinginn 


Julius  S.  Starr. 
III..  Robert  G.  Pearce. 
George  II.  Ludde. 


Council  BliitTs,  I.a.,  I.«ander  M.  Shuberl. 
JDes  Moines,  I.i.,  Geo.  L.  Godfrey, 
jDubiKnie,  la.,  John  M.  Lenihan. 
|Slonx  City,  la..  James  H.  Bolton. 
IDenver,  Co!.,  Winfield  S.  Boynton. 
'T,in<oIn,  Xel..,  Henry  C.  M.  Burgess. 

Om;ilia,  Neb.,  B,  njamin  II.  Barrows. 

La  Crosse,  Wis.,  Rol>ert  Cal  vert. 

Grand  Rapids,  Miih..  Sheri.lan  F.  Master. 
R->thschild.  iSau  Fnmcisco,  Cal.,  Edward  F.\Vo,.ilward. 
Kobb.  :Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  Jac.  J.  Greeiiwald. 

Houston,  Tex.,  Samuel  L.  Hain. 


NAVAL    OFFICERS    OF    CUSTOMS. 


Boston,  M.ass.,  .Tames  O.  Lvfc rd. 

New  York,  N,  Y.,  Frederick  J.  H.  Kracke. 

Chicago,  111.,  Thomas  N,  Jamieson. 

POSTMASTERS    OF 

New  York,  Edward  M.  Morgan,  1907. 
Chicago,  111.,  Daniel  A.  Campbell,  1907. 
Brooklyn,  X.l'.,  (Jeo.  H.  R  ,berts,.lr.,  1901. 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Frank  W\man.  190". 
Boston,  Mass.,  George  A.  Hibbard,  190-3. 
Baltimore,  Md.,  Wm.  Hill  Harris,  1905. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Arthur  G.  Kisk,  I'.tOS. 
Cincinnati,  O.,  Elias  R.  Monfort,  190.3. 
Cleveland.  O..  Charles  C.  Dewsfoe,  1905 
Buffalo,  N.  Y..  Fred.  Greiner,  1901. 
Pittsburgh,  Fa.,  Wm.II.  Davis,  1906. 
Washington,  D.  C,  Benj.  F.  Barnes,  1906 
Detroit,  Mich.,  Homer  Warren,  190H, 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Davfl  C.  <jwen,  1906. 
Newark,  N.  J..  JajnesL.  Hiys,  lv03. 
Minneapolis,  Mmii.,  William  D.  tLile,  190V 
^vn^  Ci^j',  y,  J.,  PeSef  r.  Wbgtc!^  \r:i 


New  Orle.ans,  La.,  Elmer  E.  Wood. 
Baltimore,  Md.,  J.  Stuart  McDonald. 


I  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  John  P.  Irish. 
Phil.H.lelphia,  Pa.,  Waiter  T.  Merrick. 


PRINCIPAL    CITIES    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


iLouisville,  Ky.,  Robert  E.  Woods  1906. 
lOmaha,  Neb.,  Henrv  E.  Palmer,  1904. 

Roche.ster.  N.  Y.,  Wm.  S.  Whittlesey.  1907. 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  Edward  Yirrish,  1907. 

IVovidencp,  R.  I..  Clinton   I).  Sellew,  190-'. 

D.iiver,  Col.,  Paul  .1.  Sours,  19"-l. 

Indianapolis.,  Inl..  H.  W.  Benn-it,  1905. 

Allegheny,  Pa..  Wm.  J.  Kopp,  19U7. 

Alb.any.  \.  V.,  C.  E.  Argersinger,  IdOS. 

Columbus,  Ohio,  Harry  AV.  Krumm,  1906. 

Svr.acuse,  .V.  Y.,  Dwight  H.  Bruce,  1901. 

Worcester.Mass.,  James  W.  Hunt,  1902. 

Toledo,  ()..  Wriliam  H.  Tinker,  tftoi 

Richmond.  Va.,  Uoyal  E.  Cabeli,  ll'ir.. 

New  IIi(v,n.  Ct.,  Ja.«.  A.  H'tw.irlh.  1902. 

Lowell,  Mass.,  Albeit  <L  Thr.trrson.  ISr.S, 

^?Mbri!ltv  TertB.,  AB(>rtW  W^i  WlUsj  Ifjfy 


Scr.anto:i,  Pa..  Ezra  H.  Ripple,  190i. 
Fall  River.  Mass.,  Geo.  T.  Durfee.  ?»07, 
Memphis.  Tenn.,  L.  W.    Dntro.  1904 
Davtoo,  O..  Frd.  rirk  G.  Wiihoft,  IS*^!. 
Tioy.  N.  Y.,  Alb.-rl  E.  B.'iieste.l,  190h. 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich..  L.  K.  Bisl...|.,  I90i. 
R.a,lin'.',  Pa.,  AiK.'ustii-  M.  Iliuh.  190.1 
Camden,  N.  .1..  Robert  L.  Barber,  190:!. 
Treuton,  N.  J..  Alexan.ler  C.  Yard,  190'2. 
Lynn,  Mass.,  Wm.  P.  Crai^,  1905. 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  Edwin  F.  Blodgett,  1902. 
Wilmington,  Del.,  Henry  C   C'ura.l,  1906. 
New    itvleans,  I.a.,  T   J.  W'odwai-,1.  I!ti:5. 
Kan  a<  Citv,  >!•■.,  J' iie)di  M.  Harris,  190'.'. 
I'h  Ip.cielpliia,  l'i.,Rjch'd  I..  Vs'hurs:,!' 06. 
f,  ..Ir.inn.  S.  < '. ,  Wiln.oi  I.,  Huniii.  )V0'^\ 


650 


The  Federal  Government. 


THE  FEDERAL  GOVERNMENT— a)'/i//«!i<d 


THE    JUDICIARY. 

SCPREME  COHBT  OF   THE    TTNTTED 


STATES. 


Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Asso.  Justice 


Bom. 

John  M.  Harlan ,  JfCv 18;1S 

David  J.  Brewer,  Kan ....  \mi 
Edward  1).  White,  l.a. ..  1845 
Rufns  W.Peckham,  X.  Y.  1838 


-Melville  W.  Fuller,  of  Illinois,  born  1833,  appointed  1888. 


App.  '    '  Bom.  App. 

1877     Asso.  Jus-f ice— .lof^oph^ZcKemm,  Cell...  IMS       1898 
1889        "  "         Oliver  W.  Holmes  "Mass. 1841       1902 

1894  ''  "         William  K.  Dav.  Ohio...  1849       19U3 

1895  "  "         William  H.  Moodv.>Tas.'J.  1853       1906 
iiV/K.;7f?-— Charles  11.  IJiitler,  N.  Y.     C/erk—J.  H.  McKeniiey,  1>.  C.     JI<(i\<hid~John  M.   Wright,  Ky. 

The  salary  of  the  Chief  jMistice  of  the  United  8tates  is  i?13,000;  Associate  Justices,  $12,500  each. 


CIBCUIT  COURTS  OF  THE  U>:iTKn  .STATK8. 


4. 


a. 


Cir.  ./ii(l(/e.s.  Afip. 

6.  Horace  If.  Lurton,  Tenn ».w..,..  189.3 

Henry  F.  Severens,  Mich 'f......  19i)0 

John  K.  I'vicliard-^,  Ohio 1903 

7.  Peters.  (U'osscup,I!l 1899 

FnuicisE.  Raker,  Ind v---  19t'2 

William  H.  Seaman,  Wis ►,'...»..  1905 

Cliri'^tianC.  Kohlsaat,  111.... .' 1905 

Walter  H.  Sanborn,  Minn 1892 


8. 


Cir.  Jtidaes.  Ap]j 

1.  LeP.aron  B.  Colt,R.1 1884 

William  L.  Putnam,  Me 1892 

FrancisC.  Lowell,  Mass 19C5 

2.  K.  Henry  J>acombe,  N.  Y 1887 

Alfred  e.  Co.xe,  X.  Y 1902 

HenrvG.  Ward,N.  Y 1907 

Walter  C.  Noyes,  Ct 1907 

3.  George  M.  Dallas,  Pa 1892 

George  (irav,  Delt 1899 

Joseph  Bnffington,  Pa 1906 

NathanGolT,  W.  Va 1892 

Jeter  C.  Pritchard 1904 

Don  A.  Pardee,  La 1881 

A.  P.  McCormick,  Te.x 1892 

David  D.  Shelby,  Ala 1899 

S.Hl.tries,  ^7,000 P!uh.     Tlie  jnilges  of  e:uli  cirotiit  and  tiie  jiisiice  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  circuit  constitute  a  Circuit  Court 

of  Appeals.  The  Fu-.st  Cii:cuit  consists  of  Maine,  Mass;u-liu.stlt-s,  New  Hatnpsliire,  Khode  Island.  Srcoxd — Cor.neiticut,  Xew 
York,  Vermont.  Thiiid— Didaware,  New  Jer.sfv,  Pennsylvania.  Foukth — Marylaml,  North  C.iroliua,  South  Car.)iina,  V^irjjinia, 
West  Virgin!:!.  Fii-tii — Alaham.a,  Fluiiila,  (leorgia,  Louisiana,  Mis.sis,sippi,  Texas.  Si.vth — Kentucky,  Michigan,  Oliio,  Tenneasee. 
.Skvkxtii — Illinois,  Indiana,  Wisconsin.  Kii;htii— vVrkansas,  Colorado,  Oklahoma,  Iowa,  Kans.as,  Minnesota,  Mi.ssonri,  Ncbrai.k:i, 
New  Me.\ico,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakotii,  Utah,  Wyoming.  Ninth — Alaska,  Arizona,  Calit'ornia,  Idaho,  Moutaua,  Nevada, 
Orejjon,  Washington,  Hawaii. 

TTXITED  SrATE.S  COURT   OF  CLAIMS. 

01  ief  Justice— Stanton  J.  Peelle,  Ind.     As.s<irl((leJiid(;es—Char\efi  B.Howry, Miss. ;  Feuton  W.  F>ooth, 
111. ;  Geo.  W.  Atkinson.  W.  Va.  ;  Samuel  S.  Harney,  Wis.  Salaries,Chief  Ju.stice,$6,500 ;  Ju.stices,$6,000. 

DISTRICT  COURTS  OF  THE  UN^ITED  STATES. 


Willis  Van  Devanter,  Wyo.... 

William  C.  Hook,  Kan 

Elmer  B.  Adams.  Mo 

William  B.  (iilbert.Ore 

F.rskine  ]sr.  Ross,  Cal. 


19(« 
1908 
1905 
1892 
1895 


William  W.  Morrow, Cal.. .;;:.;..'..•. .'••.•.. ^  1897 


Districts. 
Ala.:  N.&M 

s.'d.".' 

Alaska 


Judfirs.  Atldi-esscs.  App. 
ThomasG.  Jones.Montgomery.  1901 
.Oscar  II. Hundlev.BirmingLam  — 
H.  T.  Toulmin  ..! Mobile 1887 


1904 
1902 


Ark. 
Cal. : 


E.  D. 
W.  D. 
N.  D. 


1901 
1896 

1897 

1^95 


Ga. 


S.  D.. 
X.D.. 
S.  D.. 


.K.  A.  Gimnison..  Juneau 

.  Alfred  S.  Moore.  Nome 

.Silas  H.  Reid Fairbanks... 

..Jacob  Trieber.. .  .Little  Rock. . . 

.John  H.  Rogers..  Fort  Smith 

.John  J.Dellaven  San  Franci.sco 

Wm.  C.  Van  Fleet,  San  Francisco 

S.  rj....01in  Wellborn... Los  Angeles... 

Colorado Robert  E.  Lewis. Denver 19.i6 

Connecticut..  James  P.  Piatt. .  .Hartford 1902 

Delaware Kd.G.  Bradford..  Wilmington..  1897 

Fla.  :  N.  D. . .  W.  B.  Sheppard. .  Pensacola 1907 

.James  W.  Locke. .Jacksonville. .  1872 

.Wm.  T.Newman.  Atlanta 1886 

.Emorv  Speer Macon 1885 

.Franks.  Diet  rich.  Boise 1907 

(Sol.  H.  Bethea.  ..Chicsigo 1905 

(  Ken.  M.Landis  ..Chicago 1905 

..J.O.  Humphrev.. Springfield...  19()1 

..  F.M.  Wright Urbana ]9ti5 

..A.  U.  Anderson.. Indianapolis  .  1902 

. .  Henrv  T.  Reed. .  .Cresco 1904 

.  .S.McPherson Red  Oak 1900 

..JohnC.  Pollock..  Leaven  worth  1899 

Walter  Evans.  ..Louisville 1899 

A.  M. .I.Cochran. TNIavsville  .  ..  1901 

Eng.  n.  .Sainidei-s.  New  Orleans.  1907 

"      W.  I).....\leck  Boarman..slireveport...  1>«?1 

Maine Clarence  Hale  ....  Portland 1902 

M  aryland Thomas  J.  Morris.  Baltimore 1879 

.^L^ss Frederic  Oodge.. Boston 1905 

Mich.:  E.  D..  Henrv  H. Swan. .Detroit 1891 

W.rx.L.  E.  knappen... Grand  Rapids  1907 


Idaho  ... 
III.  :     N. 


D. 
D. 


"       S. 

''       E.... 

Indiana.  ... 

Iowa:  N.  D. 

"       S.  D. 

Kansas 

Kv.  :   W.i).. 

■"      ED.. 

La.:  ED... 


Minnesota.. 


.  Wm.  Lochren Minneapolis 

"         ....Page  Morris Dulnth 

Miss. :  N.  &  S.  Henry  C.  Niles  . .  Kosciusko. . . 

Montana Wm.  H.  Hunt. ..  Helena 

Mo.:  E.  I) David  P.  Dvar St. Louis 

"     W.D John  F.  Philips. Kan.sas  City. 

Ne!»ra.ska Wm.  H.  .Miniger.i  )maha 1897 

[■ ^ •_T''<>'!:  <  j  M  u ugerT vi ncol n 1907 

Sal.arie8  of  Dii.trict  Judges,  $d,000  each. 


1896 
190.'] 
1902 
1904 

1907 
1888 


Ditricts.  Judf/es.  Addresses.         App. 

Nevada E.  S.  Farrington.. Carson 1907 

N.  Hamp lOdgar  Aldrich.. Littleton 1891 

New  Jersey..  .W.  M.  Lanning.Trenton. 19o4 

.  .Joseph  ( 'ross Elizabeth 1905 

. .  ( Jeorge  W.  Ray  . Norwich. 1902 

"          "    ""             Buiralo 1900 

N.  Y.Citv 1901 

N.  Y^  Citv....  1903 

N.  Y.  City....  1906 

Brooklyn 1907 

J'hos.  R.  Purnell. Ilaleigh 1897 

.  Jiimes  E.  Boyd.  .Greensboro . . .  1901 


N.Y^ 


N.  D. 

W.D. 

S 


N.  C. : 


John  R.  Hazel 

D (ieo.  B.Adams. 

George C.  Holt. 

("has.  :M.  Hough 

E.  D....T.  I.  Chat  field.. 

E.D. 

W.  D. 


N.  Dakota ( 'has.  F.  A  niidon.l'argo. 1897 


Ohio: 


Okla. 


N.  D. 
N.D... 
8.  D.... 
S.  D. . . 
:  E.  D.. 
W.  D. 


Oregon . . . 
Pa.:  E.D. 


A.  J.  Ricks (Cleveland  ....    1890 

R.  W.Tayler.... Cleveland  .  ..  1905 
.\.  C.Thompson  .Cincinnati  ...  18'''8 
John  E.  Slater. ..Cohimbu-!....  1907 
IL  E.  Ct.npbell..McAlestor...    L^07 

John  H.Cotteral. Guthrie 1,^07 

( '.  E.  Wolverton.Portland. 19i»5 

.J.B.McPherson.  Philadelphia.  1899 
,Jas.  B.  Holland  Philadelphia.    1904 

R.  W.  Archbald.Scranton 1901 

19116 
1896 
1894 


• '      ]M.  D  . 

"      W.  D Nath'l  I-:wing.. Pittsburgh 

11.  Island .\.  L.  Brown Providence  .. 

S.Carolina W.  H.  Brawley  .Charleston... 

S.  Dakota John  E.Carland. Sioux.  Falls. . 

Tenn.:  lO.&M.Cha-s.  D.  Clark.  .ChatlanooKa 
W.  D  ..John  E.McCall. Memphis 


Tex.:  E.  I) D.  E.  Brvant. 

"  W.  D....Thos.  S..Maxev. 
11.  I)  ...Edw.  R.  Meek. 
S.D....W.  T.  Burns  .. 

Utah I.  A.  Marshall.. .> 

Vermont Tames  fi.>ratlin.l 


1896 
1895 
1905 
1S«90 


Va.:  E.  D E.  Waddill.Jr. 

' '      W.  I) H.C. McDowell 

Wash. :  E.  D.  .C.  H.  Hanford. 
W.D. Edw.  Whitson 
.A.(i.Davton... 

.B.  F.  Keller Bramwell 

Jos.  V.  Qiiarles. . .  !\Iilwaukee. . 


W.  Va 

i  i 

Wis. : 


N.D. 

S.  D 
E.  D  . . 
W.  D.. 


Sherman 

Austin    1888 

l-'ort  Worth.  .  1899 

llon.^ton 1902 

salt  Lake  C.  .  IHW 

rattleboro  ..  19ii6 

Richmond....  1898 

BigStoneGap  1901 

Seattle 1890 

Spokane......  1905 

Phillii>pi 19(15 

1901 
1905 


A.  f,.  Sanborn  , 


Wyoming lohn  A.  Riner 


,  .".Madison. 
.Cheyenne 


19(15 
1890 


fTnited  Agitates  j^istr let- Attorney s  ami  Marshals. 


65l 


SInitctr  cStatcs  i3fstrfct=.^ttornri)s  antr  Jttarsftals. 


PiPTRICTB. 


Uistkict-Attoknkvs.. 


Names. 


Alabama,  N 

M.... 

"         S 

Alaska,  Ist  Div. 
•'  2d  Div. 
"       3.1  Div. 

Aiizona 

Arlians  is,  E. . . . 

W.... 

C.tlifornia,  N... 

S... 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Dist.otColiimiiia 
Florida,  N  , 
"       S  . 
Georgia,  X, 

S 

Hawaii(  trill  6  y ) 

Idaho    

Illinois,  N 

"      C 

•'      S..    .. 

Indiana 

Iowa,  N 

"      S 

Kansas 

Kentucky,   W.. 

E... 

Louisiana,  E.. .. 

W... 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.. 

Michigan,  E. ... 

W... 

Minnesota 

Mississippi,  N.. 

S.. 

Missouri,  E.   . . . 

"         \V 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nev.i'ia 

New  Hampshire. 
Kew Jersey  .... 

New  Mexico 

New  York,  N  ... 

S.... 

"  E.  .. 

"  AV  . . 

N.  Carolina,  E. . 

"  W . . 

North  Dakota... 

Ohio,N 

"     S 

Oklahoma,  E.... 
"         W.... 

Oregon 

P'nsvlvania,  E. 
'"'  M. 

"  W. 

Porto  Kico 

Rhode  Island  . . 
South  Carolina.. 
South  Dakota... 
Tennessee,  E . . . 
M... 
"  W.. 

Texas,  N 

"      S 

"      E 

"      W 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia,  E 

W 

Washington,  E. 

'•  W, 

W.  Virginia,  X 

'^  S 

Wisconsin,  E. . 

W. 

Wyoming 


Oliver  D.  Street 

Erastus  J.  I'arsons. . , 

\Vm.  H.  Armbrecht... 

J.  .J.  Boyce 

Vacmt 

Nathan  V.  Harlan..., 

Jos.  L.  B.  Al.'XaM.ler. 
i  Win.  ti.  Whipple.... 

'James  K.  Barnes 

iKol.t.  T.  Dvliii 

^Kcar  l.awler 

!E.  M.  Cranston 

'Francis  H.  I'arker  ... 

John  P.  Nifids 

Daniel  W.  BaUer 

i  Emmet  Wilson 

.lohn  M.Cheney 

iFarish  C.  Tate 

I  Marion  Erv.  in 

Kobt.  W.  Bre  kons  .. 

Xorman  M.  P^uick .... 

Edwin  W.  Sims 

Win.  (!.  Trautman..., 

Wm.  A.  Xorthcott  ... 

Joseph  B.  Kealing... 

Frederick  F.  Fay  vi  lie 

Mai'cellus  I...  Temple. 

Harry  J.  Bone 

George  Du  Uelle 

J.  n.Tinslev ,. 

Wm.  Wirt  Howe... 

Milton  C.  El^tner  ..   . 

Kobt.  T.  \jyii  te  house. 

John  C.  Rose 

.\sa  P.  French 

Frank  H.  Watson 

George  G.  Covell 

Charles  C.  Haupt  .... 
iWilliam  D.  Krazee... 

Robert  C.  I.ee 

1  Henry  W.  Blod-elt.. 
|A.  S.  VanValkeuiiurgh 

I  Carl  Rasch 

I  Charles  A.  Goss .■ 

Samuel  Piatt 

; Charles  W.  Hoitt 

l.lohn  B.Vreeland 

W.  II.  H.  Lew^llyn.. 

George  B.  Curtiss.... 

Henry  L.  Stimson... 

W.  J.  Vouni'S 

Lyman  M.  Bass. . . . .. 

\  Henrv  Skinner 

[Alfred  E.  Holton   

Patrick  H.  Rourke.. 

John  .1.  Sullivan 

S.  T.  McPherson 

Wm.  J.  Greg^ 

.lohn  Embry 

Wm.  C.  Bristol 

J. Whi taker  Thompson 

'Chas.   H.  Wiimer 

I  John  W.  D.ii.kle 

iJiise  R.  F.  Sava;,'e.... 

C'harle-i  A.  Wilsun. .   . 
I  Ernest  F.  Cochran  ... 

j Edward  E.  Wasner... 

[James  ]{.  Penland.... 

I  A.  M.  Tillman   

George  Randolph  .... 

.  IWm.  H.  Atwell 

. Il.ock  McDaniel 

.  James  W.  Ownby  . . . . 
.  Ciiarles  A.  Boynton.. 

.  i  Hiram  E.  Boo'h 

.{Alexander  Dunnett.. 
. jLunsford  L.  Lewis... 
.  iThom.as  Lee  Moore  .. 

.  A.  Geo.  Avery 

.Elmer  Ely  Todd 

.  'R.  Blizzard 

Elliott  Xorthcott 

H.  K.  Butterfleld  .... 

Wm.  G.  Wheeler 

Timothy  F.  Burke. .   . 


Otlicial 
Address. 


D.Tte.S 

Appointed. 


Birmingh.sm May 

Montgomery  . . . . ;  Feb. 
Mobile JFeb. 


.(uneau.... 

Xonie 

Eagle  City 
Tncsou    ... 


June 


8,  1907 
8,  1906 
2,  1<»04! 
6,  ly03| 


Dec. 
Nov. 


Little  Rock Feb. 

May 

Mar. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

-\pr. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

.Ian. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Jan. 


Fort  ."^mith. 
.San  Trancisco... 
I.os  -Ans^eles  . . . . 

D.-nver 

Hartford 

Wilmington  .... 
Washington  .  . 

PensaC'da 

JacI<8onville  ... 

.Atlanta 

Macon..     

Honolulu 

Boi-^e 

Chicago 

Danville 

Sjiringfield 

Indiana]ioIis  . .. 

Siuux  City 

Osceola  (P.O.). 


n,  19oll 
8,  1905 
23,  19051 
11,  190ii 
8,  1905| 
19,  19051 
i:,  1901 
1904 1 
1'.'03 
1905 
1907 
1906 
1905 
1901 
190'.' 


Marshals. 


Names. 


Otlicial 
Address. 


2, 

1, 

12, 

23, 
18, 
18, 
13, 


Jnne  15,  1904] 


Sept 
May 
May 
Dec. 
Xov. 
Mar. 


1, 

24, 

12, 
11, 
7, 
7, 


1906 

l'.»'5l 
1905 
1901 
1907 1 
19071 


iTopeka Dec.  18,1905; 


Louisville I  June 

Covington I  Dec. 

Xew  OrU-ans |May 

Shrrvrport jDec. 

Portland  .   j.Ian. 

Baltim'>re j.Tune 

Boston |.Ian. 

Detroit I  May 

Feb. 

.luiie 

Dec. 

Jan. 


Mar. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Apr. 
Feb. 
June 
.Ian. 
Dec. 
I  >cc. 
Feb. 
.lau. 
May 
Dec. 
Sept. 


(irand  Rapids 

St.  Paul 

Oxford 

.lackson 

St.  Louis  . . . 

Kansas  City  . . . 

Helena 

Omaha 

Carson  City. . . . 
Xa.shua  (P.O.).. 

Newark 

Las  Cruces 

Bingham  ton 

Xew  Vork 

Brooklyn 

Buffalo 

Raleitrh 

Winston-Salem. 

Fargo 

Cleveland 

Cincinnati 

Muskoi^ee 

f-uthrie 

Portland 

Philadelphia  . . . 

H  irrisburg 

Pittsburgh 

San  ,Iuan 

P:  evidence 

Cha  leston 

.Sioux  Falls 

Knoxville 

Xashville 'Feb. 

Memphis lunij 

Dallas Jnne 

Houston Ian. 

jParii IJnly 

j  Waco June 

June 

Oct. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Apr. 

o>t. 

Dec. 


Salt  Lake  City... 
.St.  Johnsbury.... 

Richmond 

Roau'ike 

Spokane 

Seattle 

Parkersburg.   ... 

Huntington [Apr. 

Milwaukee Apr. 

Madison Jan. 

Cheyenue I  Jan. 


22,  1906 
17,  1901 1 

26,  19.iU 
20,  1S98| 
16,  l'.<o6! 

11,  190/ 

9,  i90i; 

2,  1906 
15,  1902' 

3,  1902 

19,  1905 

20,  19  i2 
Mar.  23,  1907; 
Mar.  24,  1905 

19,  1902 
29,  1906 

15,  1906 

12,  1907 
5,  1904 

14,  19051 
.T.  19o0i 

16,  19ii6[ 

20,  1898: 

23,  19061 
1,  1902 1 

13,  190--'; 

27,  1  ■■■02 1 
19, 1899! 

1,  1903i 
No'v.  16.  1907; 
Xov.  16,  19071 
Dec.  1,  1905] 
Apr.  18,  19  4 

1907| 

Mar.   18,  1905; 
Dec.   19,  1906  i 

21,  1902; 
1,  1906 

I,  1907 
-.0,  1905 
"^1,  1902 

8,  1902 
19.  1902 
16,  1907 

1,  1902 

19,  190-; 
27,  1906 

20,  UOi 

9,  19o6 
1,  1902 
6,  1905 

24.  1907 
17,  1901 
1'.',  1905 

22,  1901 

II,  1901 
SO,  1903 


Jan. 
Feb. 
July 
Dec. 


Pope  M.  Long 

James  H.  .ludk/ns.... 

(iilbi-rt  B.  Deans 

James  M.  .Shoup 

Thomas  C.  Powell.... 

(jeo.  G.  Perry 

jBenj.  F.  Daniels 

{H.irm"n  L.  Remmel.. 

;John  F.  Mayes 

ICharles  T.  Elliott 

jr„.  V.  Youngworth  ... 

iDewev  C.  ('.alley 

lEdsoiiS.  Bishop 

IWilliam  R.  Flinn 

JAulick  Palmer 

JT.  F.  McGourin 

I  John  F.  Horr 

I W.  H.  Johnson    

Geo.  F.  White 

IE.  R.   Hendry 

JRuel  liounils 

jLumau  T.  Hoy 

Charles  P.  Hitch 

Leon  A.  Townsend... . 

H.  C.  Pettit 

Edward  Knott 

Frank  B.  Clark 

Wm.  11.  Mackey,  Jr.  . 

George  W.  Long 

S.  G.  .Sh  rp 

Vict'.r  Loisel 

Cornelius  C.  Duson.. 

Henry  W.  Mayo 

J.  F.  Langhammer. . . . 

Charles  K.  Darling... 

Milo  I).  Cam). bell 

Frank  W.    Wait 

W.  H.  Grimshaw  .... 

James  A.  Toler 

Eilgar  S.  Wilson 

Wm.  L.  Morsev 

E.  R.  Durham."....^.. 

Arthur  W.  Merrifield. 

William   P.  Warner.. 

Robert  Giimmon 

Euge-.ie  P.  Nute    

Thomas  J.  Alcott  .... 

C.  M.  Foraker 

|C.  D.  McDougall 

[william  Henkel.    .... 

iChas.  .1.  Haubert 

|Wm.  R.  Comptou  .... 
, Henry  C.  Dockery..., 
|.James  M.  Millikeii... 

i.Iam^s  F.  Shea 

j  Frank  M.  Chandler... 
I  Eugene  Z.  Lewis  ..., 

|Grosveiior  A.  Porter.. 

l.lohn  R.  Abe.nathy.. . 

Ch.as..r.  Reel 

'John  B.  Robinson  .... 

Charles  B.  \\  itmer.... 

S.  P.  .Stone 

i  I  Harry  S.  Ilulibard.  .. 
i  t  Daniel  R.  Ballou 

'.I.  Duncan  Adams 

|Seth  Ballock 

iWilliam  A.  Dunlap... 

!John  W.  Overall 


jl'ranU  S.  Elgin 

'Gorse  H.  Green 

'Calvin  (J.  Brewster  .. 

!a.  J.  lion  ton 

'Eugene  X"l;e 

; ,  William  Spry 

I  Horace  W.  Bailey. . . . 
;  Morsan  Treat 

S.   Brown  Alleu 

icieo.  H.  Baker 

Chas.  B.  Hopkins  ... 

C.  D.  Elliott 

'Frank  D.  Tyree 

■Harrv  A.  Weil 

'Charles  Lewiston  ... 

Louis  G.  Davis 


Birmingham.. . 
Montgomery  .. 

Mobile 

Juneau 

Nome 

Fa  rbanks 

Tucson 

Little  Rock  ... 
Fort  Smith.. .. 
San  Francisco. 
Los  Angeles  .. . 

Denver 

Hartford 

Wilmington 

Washington  ... 

Pensacola 

Tampa 

Atlanta  ...... 

Macon 

Honolulu 

Boise 

Chicago 

Danville 

Springfield. .. . 
Indiaiapolis  .. 

Dubuque 

Des  Moines  . .. 

Topeka 

Louisville 

Co\  ineton 

Xcw  Orleans  .. 
Shreveport  . .. . 

Porilaml 

Baltimore 

boston 

Detroit 

Grand  Rapids  . 

St.  Paul 

Oxford 

Jackson 

St.  Louis 

Kansas  City. .. 

Helena . 

Omaha 

Carson  City.. . . 

Conc(  Til 

Trenton 

All  uquerqiic  . . 

Auburn 

New  York  . . . . 
Brooklyn.,,,. . 

Elmira 

Raleigh 

Greensboro  . 

Fargo  

Cleveland 

Ciiiciniinti 

Muskogee 

Guthrie 

Portland 

.Philadelphia  . . 

'Scranton 

{Pittsburgh 

•San  Juan 

I  IVovidence.... 

iCharleston 

Sioux  Falls. . . . 

Knoxville 

X.ishville 

Ml  mphis 

Dallas 

Galveston  .  . ,. 

'Paris 

'.San  Antonio. .. 
•Salt  Lake  Citv. 

Rutland '. . 

Richmond 

iHarrisonburg.. 

Spokane 

Tacoma 

Parkersburg ... 
Charle-ton  . . . , 
Milwaukee  . . ., 

Madison 

Cheyenne 


Dates 
Appointed. 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
June 
.Ian. 
Feb. 
July 
Mav 
Mar. 
June 
June 
Feb. 
Dec. 
Mar, 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Dec. 
May 
Jan. 
July 
June 
May 
May 
pec. 
June 
I  Mar. 
'Aug. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Mar. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
July 
Feb. 
May 
Jan. 
Dec. 
.Ian. 
Feb. 
.lune 
July 
Dee. 
Dec. 
July 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
.Ian. 
Apr. 
June 
,Ian . 
Dec. 
Dlc. 
June 
Oct.. 
Nov. 
Nov, 
May. 
Apr. 
June 
Dec. 
May 
Feb. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Mar. 
June 
Feb. 
Jnne 
May 
Mar. 
Jan. 
N'ov. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
Mar. 
Dec 
Dec. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


14,  19<^6 
.^1,  1906 
18,  1903 

6,  I91O 
24,  1905 
23,  1905 

1,  19(5 

8,  1906 

6,  19u6 

22,  1906 
2V,  1906 

26,  1903 
11,  1902 
18,1903 

9,  1902 

27,  1903 
18,  1902 

18,  1901 

11,  1904 

23,  1902 

1,  1902 

28,  1906 
29, 1905 

12,  1905 
11,  1901 

27,  1902 

7,  1907 

4,  1902 
17,  1905 

13,  1902 

15,  1904 

26,  1906 
17,  1903 
17,  I9i<2 
n,  1903 

2,  1906 

19,  1903 
19,  1899 

19,  1904 

3,  1902 
11,  1902 

1,  1902 

liS,  1906 

20.  1905 

15,  1904 

19,  1899 
17,  1901 
17,  1901 

9,  1901 

14,  1902 
22, 1902 

5,  19('4 
13,  1902 

17,  1901 

18,  1305 

5,  1900 

3,  19i6 

16,  1907 
Ih,  1907 
13,  1905 

17,  1900 

8,  1906 
17,  1901 

1,  19115 

20,  1906 
20,  1903 
IH,  1903 
20,  1905 

9,  1902 

28,  1902 

19,  19:3 

27,  1^06 
26,  1902 

4,  1906 
30.  1906 
17,  1903 

20,  19i'2 
20,  1902 

6,  1905 

3,  1902 
17,  l&Ol 
17,1905 
11,  1907 

4,  1904 
98,  1901 


N.,  Northern;   S.,  Southern  ;  E.,  EMtern;  W.,  Wcattrn;  M.,  Middle  ;  C,  Central. 


652  TTnited  States  Naval  Academy  at  An7idpoUs. 

Mnittn  .states  ^iliUt^  ^catJtm^  at  WS^tni  INfut; 

Bach  Senator,  Conarressioual  District,  and  Territory— also  the  District  of  Columbia,  Porto,  llico 
and  Alaska— is  entitled  to  have  one  cadet  at  the  Academy.  There  are  also  forty  appointments  at  iaryre, 
specially  conferred  by  the  President  of  the  United  States.   The  number  of  students  is  thus  limited  to  523. 

Appoftitments  are  usually  made  one  year  in  advance  of  date  of  admission,  by  the  Secretary  of 
War,  upon  the  nomination  of  the  Senator  or  Representative.  These  nominations  maj'  either  be  made 
after  competitive  examination  or  given  direct,  at  the  option  of  the  Representative.  The  Representa- 
tive may  nominate  two  legally  qualified  second  candidates,  to  be  designated  alternates.  The  alternates 
will  receive  from  the  War  Department  a  letterof  appointment,  ana  will  be  examined  with  the  regular 
appointee,  and  the  best  qualified  will  be  admitted  to  the  Academy  in  the  event  of  the  failure  of  the  prin- 
cipal to  pass  the  prescribed  preliminary  examinations.  Appointees  to  the  Military  Academy  must  be 
between  seventeen  and  twenty- two  years  of  age,  free  from  any  infirmity  which  may  render  them 
unfit  for  military  service,  and  able  to  pass  a  careful  examination  in  reading,  writing,  sp»Mling, 
English  grammar,  English  composition,  English  literature,  arithmetic,  algebra  through  quadratic 
equations,  plane  geometry,  descriptive  geograph.v  and  the  elements  of  physical  geography,  espe- 
cially the  geography  of  the  United  Stat-^s,  United  States  history,  the  outlines  of  general  history,  and 
the  general  principles  of  physiology  and  hygiene. 

The  course  of  instruction,  which  is  quite  thorough,  requires  four  years,  and  is  largely  mathemati- 
cal and  professional.  The  principal  subjects  taught  are  mathematics,  English,  French,  drawing,  drill 
regulations  of  all  arms  of  the  service,  natural  and  experimental  philosophy, chemistry,  chemical  phys- 
ics, mineralogy,  geology,  electricity,  history,  international,  constitutional,  and  military  law,  Spanish, 
civil  and  military  engineering,  art  and  science  of  war,  and  ordnance  and  gunnery.  About  one- 
fOurth  of  those  appointed  usually  fail  to  pass  the  preliminarj'  examinations,  and  butlittle  over  one-half 
the  remainderare  finally  graduated.  The  discipline  is  very  strict— even  more  so  than  in  the  army— and 
the  enforcement  of  penalties  for  offences  is  inflexible  rather  than  severe.  Academic  duties  begin 
Beptember  1  and  continue  until  Junel.  Examinations  are  held  in  each  December  and  June,  and  cadets 
found  proficient  in  studies  and  correct  in  conduct  are  given  the  particular  standing  in  their  class  to 
which  their  merits  entitle  them,  while  those  cadets  deficient  in  either  conductor  studies  are  discharged. 

From  about  the  middle  of  June  to  tne  end  of  August  cadets  live  in  camp,  engaged  only  in  military 
duties  and  receiving  practical  military  instruction.  Cadets  are  allowed  bnt  one  leave  of  absence 
during  the  four  years'  coui-se,  and  this  is  granted  at  the  expiration  of  the  first  two  ycai-s.  The  pay  ol  a 
cadet  is  $609.50  per  year,  and,  with  proper  economy,  is  sufficient  for  his  sui)p6rt.  The  number  of 
students  at  the  Academy  is  usually  about  four  hundred  and  seventj*. 

Upon  graduating  cadets  are  commissioned  as  second  lieutenants  in  the  United  States  Army.  The 
whole  number  of  graduates  from  1802  to  1906,  inclusive,  has  been  4,642.  It  is  virtually  absolutel.v 
necessary  for  a  person  seeking  an  appointment  to  apply  to  his  Senator  or  Memberof  Congress.  Tiie 
appointmentsby  the  President  are  usually  restricted  to  sons  of  officers  of  the  army  and  navy,  who,  by 
reason  of  their  shifting  residence,  due  to  the  necessities  of  the  service,  find  it  next  to  impossible  to 
obtain  an  appointment  otherwise.  The  Superintendent  is  Colonel  Hugh  L.  Scott,  U.  S.  A. ,  and  tlie 
military  and  academic  staff  consists  of  101  persons.  Capt.  Joseph  S.  Herron,  2d  Cavalry,  is  adjutant. 
A  list  of  the  Superintendents  of  the  Military  Academy  since  its  foundation  will  be  found  on  page  557. 


23nttc^  States  l^Cabal  ^catrtm^  at  i^nnapolfs. 

THEstudents  of  the  Naval  Academy  are  called  Midshipmen.  Two  Midshiimien  are  allowed  for 
each  Senator,  Representative,  and  Delegate  in  Congress,  two  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  five 
each  year  from  the  United  States  at  large.  The  appointments  from  the  District  of  Columbia  and  five 
each  year  at  large  are  made  by  the  President.  One  Midshipman  is  allowed  from  Porto  Rico, who  must 
be  a  native  of  that  island.  The  appointment  is  made  by  the  President,  on  the  recommendation  of 
the  Governor  of  Porto  Rico.  The  Congressional  appointments  are  equitably  distributed,  so  that  as 
soon  as  practicable  each  Senator,  Representative,  and  Delegrate  in  Congress  may  appoint  one  Mid- 
.shipraan  during  each  Congress.  The  course  for  Midshipmen  is  six  years— four  years  at  the  Academj-, 
when  the  succeeding  appointment  is  made,  and  two  years  at  sea,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  the 
examination  for  graduation  takes  place.  Midshipmen  who  pass  the  examination  for  final  graduation 
areappointed  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  lower  grade  of  the  Line  of  the  Navy,  in  the  order  of  merit  as 
determined  by  tJie  Academic  Board  of  the  Naval  Academy.  The  act  of  'June  29,  1906,  prescribes 
that  the  Secretary  of  tlie  Navy  shall  as  soon  as  possible  after  Junel  of  each  year  preceding  the 
graduation  of  mid.shipmen  in  the  succeeding  year,  notify  in  writing  each  Senator,  Repre-sentative. 
and  Delegate  in  Congress  of  any  vacancy  that  will  exist  at  the  Naval  Academj' because  of  such 
graduation,  and  which  he  shall  be  entitled  to  fill  by  nomination  of  a  candidate  and  one  or  more 
alternates  therefor.  The  nomination  of  a  candidate  and  alternate  or  alternates  to  fill  s<'vid  vacancy 
shall  be  made  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Senator,  Representative,  or  Delegate,  if  such  recom- 
mendation is  made  by  INIarch  4  of  the  year  following  that  in  %vhich  said  notice  in  writing  is  given,  but 
if  it  is  not  made  by  that  time  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  shall  fill  the  vacancy  bj'  appointment  of  an 
actual  resident  of  the  State,  Congressional  District,  or  Territory,  astheca.se  may  be,  in  which  the 
vacancy  will  exist,  who  shall  have  been  for  at  least  two  years  immediately  preceding  the  date  of  his 
appointment  an  actual  and  bona  fide  resident  of  the  State,  Congressional  District,  or  Territorj- in 
w>iich  the  vacancy  will  exist,  and  of  the  legal  qualification  under  the  law  as  now  provided.  Candi- 
dates allowed  for  Congressional  Districts,  for  Territories,  and  for  the  District  of  Columbia  must  be 
actual  residents.  Candidates  at  the  time  of  their  examination  must  be  ph.vsically  sound,  well  formed, 
and  of  robust  constitution.  Attention  will  also  be  paid  to  the  stature  of  the  candidate,  and  no  one 
j>wrrtiY(«?.<!//.v  under  size  for  his  age  will  be  received  at  the  Academy.  The  height  of  candidates  for  admis- 
sion shall  not  be  less  than  5  feet  2  inches  between  the  ages  of  16  and  18  years,  and  not  less  than  5  feet 
4  inches  between  the  ages  of  18  and  20  years ;  and  the  minimum  weight  at  16  years  of  age  shall  be  100 
pounds,  with  an  iucrea.se  of  not  less  than  5  pounds  for  each  additional  year  or  fraction  of  a  j'ear  over 
one-half.  Any  marked  deviation  in  the  relative  height  and  weight  to  the  age  of  a  candidate  will  add 
materially  to  the  consideration  for  rejection.  Candidates  must  be  unmarried,  and  any  Midshipman 
who  shall  many,  or  who  shall  be  found  to  be  married,  before  his  graduation,  sh:jlbe  dl.smissed 
from  the  service,  and  no  midshipman  may  marry  between  the  date  of  his  graduation  from  the  Naval 
Academy  and  his  final  graduation  after  two  years'  service  at  sea,  except  by  permission  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy.  All  candidates  must,  at  the  time  of  their  examination  tor  admission,  be 
between  the  ages  of  16  and  20  years.  The  pay  of  a  Midshipman  Is  $500,  beginning  at  the  date  of 
admission.  The  regulations  regarding  places  and  times  of  examinations  and  suljjects  of  examinations, 
may  be  obtained  by  addressing  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Navigation,  Navj' Department,  Washington, 
D.  C.  A  list  of  the  Superintendents  of  the  Naval  Academy  since  its  foundation  will  be  found  on 
page  557.  , 


;«^3t<<. 


The  Army.  G53 


STijc  ^rmi>. 


(J^JNERAL  STAFF  OF  THE  ARMY. 

Major-GeneialJ.  Fraukliu  Bell,  Chief  of  «taff. 

Major-General  William  P.  Duvall.  Brigadier-General  Arthur  Murray. 

BVigadier-Geiieial  William  W.  Wotherspoon. 

M  A  J  OBS,— Continued. 


COLONELS. 

Stephen  C.  Mills,  Inspector  General. 
George  H.  Anderson,  1st  Cavalry. 
Joseph  W.  Duncan,  6th  Inlaiiirv. 
Baiusay  D.  Potts,  6tk  Field  Artillery. 

LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. 

G.  A.IDodd,  10th  Cavalry. 
Robert  K.  Evans,  5th  Infantry. 
Thaddeus  W.  Jones,  3d  Cavalry. 
William  P.  Evans,  11th  Infantry. 
Albert  Todd,  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 
Millard  F.  Waltz,  27th  Infantry. 

MAJORS. 

Carroll  .A.  Devol,IQnartermaster's  Department. 

JEben  Swift,  9ih  Cavalrj'. 

Henry  L.  Ripley,  8th  Cavalry. 

Francis  J.  Kernan,  '25th  Infantry. 

Chas.  J.  Bailev,  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 

Robert  L.  Hirst.  29th  Infantry. 

Joiin  F.  Morrison,  iOth  liifantr3'. 

Cliarles  Lvnch.  Medical  Department. 

Henry  C.  "CaheU.  14th  Infantry. 

Wm.  P.  Rurnham,  7th  Infantry. 


Samuel  D.  Sturgis,  1st  Field  Artillery, 
Cornells  De  VV.  Willcox,  Coast  Artillery  Corpg. 

CAPTAINS. 

Stephen  L'H.Slocum,  1st  Cavalry. 

William  M.  Wright,  2d  Infantry. 

James  H.  McRae,  3d  Infantry. 

Walter  II.  Gordon.  18th  Infan"try. 

Julius  A.  Penn,  7th  Infantry. 

Michael  J.  Lenihan,  25th  Infantry. 

Peter  C.  Harris,  9th  Infantry. 

George  W.  Read,  9th  Cavalry. 

(irote  Hutcheson,  6th Cavalry. 

Fred  W.sladen,  i4th  Infantry. 

Milton  P.  Davis,  10th  Cavalry. 

John   W.  I'uiioug,  6th  (avalrv. 

Kalph  H.  Van  Denuiii,  21st  Infantry. 

Frank  S.  Cocheu,  12th  Infantry. 

George  H.  Shelton,  11th  Infantry. 

William  Chamberlaine,  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 

Joseph  P.  Tracy,  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 

Samuel  C.  Vestal,  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 

Fox  Conner,  1st  Field  Artillery. 

Sherwood  A.  Cheney,  Corps  of  Engineers. 


GENERAL  OFFICERS  OF  THE  LINE. 

Lleutenant-Oeneral  Arthur  Mac  Arthur Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Major-General Leonard  Wood Philippines  Division Manila,  J*.  I. 

"  John  F.Weston ..Department  of  Luzon Manila,  P.  I. 

"  Frederick!),  (irant.    .Departnaent  of  the  East New  York  City. 

"  Adolphus  W.  Gieely.. Department  of  Dakota St.  Paul,  Minn. 

"  r.  Franklin  Bell Chief  of  Staff Washineton,  D.  C. 

"  William  P.  Duvall Assistant  to  Chief  of  Staff. Washington,  D.  C. 

Brigadier-General.  .Frederick  Funston. . .  Departmentof  California San  Francisco,  Cal. 

"  ..William  H.  Carter — Department  of  tiie  Lakes Chicago.  111. 

'*  ..Tiusker  H.  Bliss Department  of  Mindanao Zamboanga,  P.  L 

"  ..Thomas  H.  Barry Army  of  Cuban  Pacification Havana,  Cuba. 

•*  ..Albert  L.  Mills  Departmentof  the  Visaj'as Iloilo,  P.  I. 

..Winfield  S.  Edgerly Washington,D.  C. 

'•  ..John  J.  Pershing Manila,  P.I.   [Una.ssigned] 

•'  ..Albert  L.  Myer Department  of  Te.xas ; San  Antonio,  Tex. 

**  ..Charles  B.  Hall ArmySchoolof  the  Line Fort  Leavenworth, Kan. 

"  ..Earl  D.  Thomas Departmentof  the  Colorado Denver,  Col. 

••  ..Charles  Morton Departmentof  the  Missouiu Omaha,  Neb. 

"  ..Charles  L.  Hodges Manila,  P.  I. 

"  ..John  M.  K.  Davis Departmentof  the  Gulf Atlanta,  Ga. 

..Wm.W.  Wotherspoon. President  Army  War  College....  Washington,  D.  C. 

*•  ..Charles  S.  Smith Sandy  Hook  Proving  Ground.... New  Jersey. 

CHIEFS  OF  STAFF  CORPS  AND    BUREAUS  OP  THE  WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

Major-General Fred.C.  Ainsworth The  Adjutant-General Washington,  D.  C. 

Brigadier-General.. William  P.  Hall Adjulant-ueneral Washington,  D.  C. 

"  ..Ernest  A.  Garlington  .lnspect(M-(ieneral Washington,  I).  C. 

"  ,  George  B.  Davis Judge- Advocate-General Washington,  L.  C. 

"  ..James  B.  Aleshire Quartermaster-General Washington,  D.  C. 

"  ..Henry  G.  Sliarpe Commissary-General Washington,  D.  C. 

"  .. Robert  M.  O'Reilly Surgeon-General Washington,  D.  C. 

'*  ..CiUver  C.  Sniffen Paymaster-General Washington,  D.  C 

*•  ..Alexander  Mackenzie.Chief  of  Engineers Washington,  D.  C. 

"  ..William  (Irozier Chief  of  Onlnance Washington,  D.  C. 

**  ..James  Allen Chief  Signal  Olticer W'ashingtou,  D.  C. 

.RETIREMENTS  OF  GENERALS  ON  THE  ACTIVE  LIST. 

The  following  are  the  datesof  the  future  retirements  of  Generals  on  the  active  list:  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral Charles  S.Smih,  December  26,  1907;  Brigadier-General  John  INI.  K.Davis,  January  31,  1908: 
Major-General  Adolphus  W.  Greel.y,  March  27,  1908;  Brigadier-General,  Charles  B.  Hall,  April 
29,  1908;  Chief  of  Engineers,  Alexander  Mackenzie,  Mav  25,  190S;  Surgeon-CJeneral  Robert  M. 
O'Reilly,  Januarv  14,l9(>9;  Lientenant-General  Arthur 'MacArtliur,  June  2,  19<^)9;  ISlajor-General 
John  F.Weston,  November  13, 19;»9;  Brigadier-General  Charles  Morton.  March  18,  1910;  Brigadier- 
General  Winfield  S.  Edger'v,  Mav,  29.  1910;  Brigadier-G^'neral  Ali)ert  L.  Myer,  November  14, 
1910;  'Brigadier-General  Earl  D.  Thomas,  January  4.  1911;  Majo.'--Geneial  William  P.  Duvall, 
January  13.  1911;  Judge- Advocate-General  Geor-ce  B.  Davis.  February  14,  1911 ;  Brigadier-General 
Charles  L.  Hodges,  March  13,  1911;  Briicudier-General  William  P.  Hall,  June  11,1912;  Chief  Signal 
Officer  James  Alien.  February  13.  1913;  Major-(4eneral  Frederick  D.  Grant,  May  30,  1914;  Brig- 
a<lier-General  William  W.  Wothersnoon.  November  16,  1914;  Chief  of  -Artillery  Arthur  Murray, 
April  20,  I'Jlo;  Brigadier- General  William  H.  Carter,  November  19, 1915;  The  Adjutant-General, 
Fred.  C.  Aiusworih,   September  11,  1916;  Inspector-General  Ernest  A.  Garlington,  February  20, 


654 


The  A7'iny. 


1917;  Briijadier-General  Tasker  11.  Bliss,  December  31,  1917:  Brigarlier-Uoiieral  Albert  L.  Mill^. 
IMay  7.  1918;  Cliief  of  Oriliiatice  William  Crozier.  February  19,  1919;  Brit^Mdier-General  Tlioinas 
JI.  Barry,  October  13,  1919;  Major-Geueral  J.  Franklin  Bell.  January  9,  1920;  Quartermastrr- 
rieneral  James  B.  Aleshire,  October  81,  1920;  Comnii.ssary-aerieral  Henry  (i.  Sliarpe,  April  oO, 
1922;  Biigirtier-GeiK^ral  John  J.  Pershuior,  September  l:J.  1924-  Mnjor-Geueral  Leonard  Wood, 
October  9, 1924;  Brigadier-General  Frederick  Funston, November  9,  1929. 

GENER.\L  OFFICERS   ON    THE  RETFRED  LIST  AND  YEAR  OF  RETIREMENT. 


Abbot,  HenrvL.  ...1895. 
Alexander, Cbas.T.  X6W1 . 

Alexander,  W.  L 19u5. 

Allen, Charles  J  ....1904. 
Ander.son,Thos.M..  1899. 
Andre\v.s,  Geo.  L.  ..1892. 
Andruss,  K.  Van  A..  lW-2. 
At  wood,  Edwin  B..1903. 
Anman,  William  .  .1902. 
Babcook.JohnB..  ..1903. 
Bai  ley.  Clarence  M..  1899. 

Bailv,  Elisha  1 1888. 

Baldwin.  Frank  D..1906. 
BaIdwin,Theo. .  A.  .1903. 
Barlow,  John  W...1901.. 
Barr.  Thomas  F.  ...1901. 

Bates,  Alfred  K 1904. 

Bates.  .TohnC 1906. 

Beck,  William  11... 190,5. 

Bell.  James  M 1901. 

Biddle,  James 1896. 

Bingham, Judson  1).1895. 
Bingham, Theo.  A..  1904. 

Bird,  Charle.s 1902. 

Birkhimer,  Wm.  K..1906. 
Bisbee,  William  II..  1902. 
Borden,  George  P.   1907. 

Bowman,  A.  H 1H03. 

Bradley,  Luther  I'.. 1886. 

Breclc,  Samuel 1897. 

Breckinridge..!.  C.  1903.. 

Brooke,  John  \\ 1902. 

Brown,  Justus  M...1903. 

Bubb,  John  W 1907. 

Buchanan,  J!i.'<.  A..  .1906. 
Bnfflngton,  A.  R.  ...1901. 

Bidlis,  John  L 1905. 

Burbank, James  B..1902. 
Burke.  Oaniel  W.  ...1899. 

Burt.  .Andrews 1902. 

Burton,  George  H..1906. 

Butler,  .lohn  G 1904. 

Bvrne,  Charles  (.'....1901. 
CalitI",  Joseph  M....  1906. 

Carev,  Asa  B 1899. 

Carlton.  Ciileb  H....1897. 
Carpenter,  L.  H....1899. 
Carr,  CamilloC.  C..1906. 

Carr,  Eugene  A 1893. 

Carrington.  H.  B  ...1870. 

Carroll,  Henry 1899., 

Catlin,  Isaacs 1870. 

Caziarc,  I.ouis  V 1906. 

<'hatrfe.  Adna  R....1906. 
Chance.  Je.sseC.  .1903. 
Chandler,  .lohn  G...1894. 
Clearv.  Peter  J .  .\ .  .1903. 

Closson,  II.  W 1896. 

Clous,  John  W 1901. 

Coates.   Edwin  M. .  .1900 
Compton,Chas.  E.  ..1899. 
Comstock,  C^TUs  B..1895. 

Cook.  Henry  C 1898. 

Cooke,  Lorenzo  \V..1906. 
Coolidge,  Chas.  A..  .1903. 

Cooney,  Michael 1899. 

Cooper,  Charles  L..  .1903. 

Coppinger,  J.J 1898. 

Corbin,  Henry C 19o6. 

Corli.ss,  Aug.  W..    .1901. 

Coxe,  Frank  M 1904. 

Craighill,  W.  P 1897. 

Craigie.DavuI  J...  19(13. 
Daggett. Aa( on  S..  1901. 
Davis,  Charles  L. .  ..1903. 

Davis,  Edward 1905. 

Davis,  George  W. .  .1903. 
Davis,  Wirt, 1901.. 


B.G 

4   fc 


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B.G. 


M.G 
B  G 


.L.G 

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i  i 


L  G 


B.G 
B.G. 

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,B.G 


.Cambridge,  Ma^s. 
..Washington,  Jx  C 
.  .Pasadena,  Cal. 
.Silver  City, N.Mex. 
.Portland, Ore. 
..Washington,  H.  C. 
..Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
.  Chicago,   111. 
..Buffalo,  N,  Y. 
. .  Fort  Clark ,  Tex. 
.Chicago,  111. 
.East Oakland,  Cal. 
.Denver,  Col. 
.Catoosa  Sp'gs,  Ga. 
..New  London,  Ct. 
..Boston,  Mass. 
..Washington,  D.  C 
.Washington,  D.  r. 
..Washington,  D.  C. 
.Berlin,  Germany. 
,  .Santa  Barlnra.Cal. 
..Philadf-l|)hia,  Pa. 
..New  VoikCity. 
.Wilmington,  Del. 
.Washington,  D.  C. 
..Xew  York  City. 
.  ..Xew  York  City. 
..Washington,  D.  C. 
.'I'acoma,  Wash. 
..Brookline,  Mass. 
..London.  Eng. 
.  .Washington.  D.  C. 
..Ilackensack.  X.J 
.Gale.sburg,  111. 
.Ilchester,  Md. 
.Madison,  N.  J. 
.San  Antoiiio,  Te.-:. 
.New  York  Citj-. 
.Portland,  Ore. 
..Washington.  D.  C. 
..Redlands,  Cal. 
.Washington,  1).  C. 
.Xew  York  City. 
.Louisville,  Ky. 
.Orlando,  Fla. 
.  .Wa.shiugton.  D.  C. 
.   Philadelphia,  Pa. 
.  .London,  England. 
..Washington,  \).  t'. 
..Hj'de  Park.  Ma.ss. 
..Colo  rad  o  S  pgs .  Co  1 . 
..Oswego,  N.  Y. 
..Florence.  Italy. 
.  .Fjos  Angeles,  Cal. 
.  .Fremont,  Ohio. 
..FjOs  Angeles.  l"al. 
.('hattan'ga,  Tenn. 
.Washington.  I).  C. 
.New  York  City. 
..Washington,  D.C. 
..New  York  City 
.New  York  Citj'. 
.Fall  River,  Mass. 
.Lemon  Grove,  Cal. 
Detroit,  Mich. 
.Washington,  D.  C. 
..Denver,  Col. 
..Washington,  D.  C. 
.Chevy  Chase,  D.  C. 
.  Denver,  Col. 
.San  Francisco.Cal. 
..Charlest'wn,  W.Va 
..Washington,   I).  ( '. 
..Washington,  D.  C. 
..Schenectady.  N.  V. 
.Honolulu,  H.  I. 
.Washington,  I).  C. 
.  Washington,  D.  C. 


De  Russv,   r.  F> 

De  Witt.  Calvin 

Dimmick,  Eng.  D.. 
Dodge,  Francis  S. . 
Doughertj',  Wm.E. 

Drum,   K.  C 

Dudley,  N.  A.  M. . 
Dnggan,  Walter  T. 
Duuwoody,  II.  H.C. 
Eagau,  Charles  P.. , 

Knnis,  William 

Ernst.  Oswald  H. . 

Ewers,  Ezra  P 

Farley.  Joseph  P. . . 
Forbes,Theodore  1'. 
Forwood,  Wm.  II. 

Fountain.  S.  W 

Frank.  Royal  T 

Freeman, ilenry  B. 

Fnrey,  John  V 

Gibson,  Horatio  G. 
Gillespie,George  L., 
(xilmore,  John  C. . 
Girard,  Alfred  C... . 
(iodfrny,  Edward  s 

Goodalt'.G.  A 

Gor<ion,  David  S.. . 

Graham,  W.M, 

Greenleaf,  Chas.  II. 

(^irierson,  B.  II 

Gueuther,  F.  L 

Hains.  Peter  (' 

Hall,  Robert  H.... 
Harbach.  Abram.A 

Hardin,  IM.   D 

IlartsntT,  Albert... 
Ilasbrouck.  II.  C. . 
Haskell,  Harrv  L. 
Flaskin,  William  L. 
Hath  a  wa  \' ,  F.  H . . . 

Hawkins,  FT.  S 

Hawkins,  John  P. 
Hayes,  Edward  .^F 

Head,  John  F 

Heap,  David  P 

ITeger,  Anthonj'. . 
Hennisee,  A.  G — 
Hobbs, Charles  W. 
Hodges,  Henry  C. . 
Hood,  <  harles  C. . 

Ilooton,  Mott 

Hough,  Alfred  L.  . 
Ilowanl.  <  )liver  (►  . 
Hnbbell,ir^-nry  W. 

Ilnggins.  Eli  L 

Ilnghes.  Fiobt-rt  P. 
Flnraphrey,('lias.  i" 
Hvdn,  John  McE. . 

Irwin.  B.  .F.  D 

Jackson,  Henry 

Jocelyn,  Stephen  1^ 

•tones.  Wni.  A 

Kellogg,  Edgar  K. 

Kent.  Jacob  F 

Fvimball,  Amos  8 

Kline,  Jacob 

Kobbe,  William  A. 

Kress,  John  .\ 

Langdon.  Fjoomis  L 
Lazelle.  Henry  M. 
Leary.  Peter,  Jr..  . 
Lel)o,  Thomas  C. . 
Fi"e,  James  (t.  (  . . . 

J.,ee,  ,It?sse  M 

I>ieber,(T.  Norman, 
liincoln. Sumner  H 

Lodor,  Riclnird 

Long  Oscar  F 


,1902. 
.1903. 
.1903. 
.1906. 
.1904. 
.1889. 
.1889. 
.1907. 
.1904. 
..1900 
.1905. 
.1906. 
.1801. 
.1903. 
,.1903. 
.1902. 
.  1905 
..1899 
.  1901 
.1903, 
.1891. 
..1905. 
..191)1, 
,  .1905. 

;.1907. 

..1903. 

.1896. 

.1898. 

.1902. 
..1890. 

.1902. 

.1904. 

.1901. 
.1902. 
.1870. 

.1901. 

.1903 . 

.1904. 

1903. 

1904. 
.1898. 
.1894. 
.1903. 
.1885. 
.1905. 
.1892. 
.1M3. 
.1903. 
.1895. 
.1902. 
.1902. 
.1890. 
,1894.. 
.1905. 
.1903. 

1903.. 
.1907. 

1904. 

1894. 

1901. 
,1907. 

1905., 
,1899. 

1898., 

1902., 

1904. 

1904.. 

1903., 

1894. 

1»94 . 

1904., 

1904. 

1900 

I9i) 

1901 . 

1902. 

1X96. 

1904. 


B.G. ..New  YorkCitv. 

'•   ...Washington,  D.  C. 
.    "  ...Washington,  D.C. 
.    "   ..Washington,  D.  C. 
.    *'   ..Fruitvale,Cal. 
.    "  ...Bethesda,  Md. 
.    "   ..Roxbnrv,  Mass. 
.    "    ..Burtalo.'N.  Y. 
,    "   ..Washington,  D.  C. 
.    "   ..New  YorkCitv. 
.    "    ..Newport.  R.  I. 
.    "    ..Washington, D.C. 
.   "   ..Oweuton.Ky. 
.    '•    .  .Fort  iVIonroe,  Va. 
.    "    ..Washington,  D.  (*. 
.    "   ...Washington,  D.C. 
.    ' '  ...Devon,  Pa. 
.    "   ...Washington. D.C. 
.    "  ...Douglas, Wvo. 
.    "  ...Brooklyn, N.Y. 
.    "   ..Washington,  D.  C. 
.M.G.  .Washington,  D.  C. 
.B.G.. Washington,  D.C. 
.   "   ..Chicago,  III. 
.    "   .  .Ottawa,  Ohio. 
.    "  ...Wakefield,  Mass. 
.    "    ..Piedmont.  Cal. 
.    "    ..llopkinton,  N.  H. 
.   "   ..Bcrkelej',  Cal. 
.    "  ...Jacksonville.  HI. 
.   "  ..New  York  Citv.^ 
.   "  ...Washington,  D.  C 
.    "  ...Bu Halo, N.Y. 
.    *'   ..Rochester,  N.  Y. 
.    "   ..Chicago,  111. 
.   "   ..Detroit,  Mich. 
.    "    ..Newbnrgh.N.  Y. 
,   "   .  San  Diego,  Cal. 

"   ..New  York  Ci IV.   * 
,    "   ..P.jrtland.Ore. 
"    ..Washington,  I).  ('. 
"    ..Indianapolis,  Ind. 
"    ..A.sheville,  N.  ('. 
"   ..Washington,  D.C. 
"■   ..London,  P^nglaud. 
"    ..New  York  Citv. 
"   ..Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
'•    ..Washington,  D.  C. 
"    ..Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
"    ..Philadelphia. Pa. 
"    ..So.  Windham,  .Me. 
.Princeton,   N.  J. 
.Burlington,  Vt. 
.N.B't'n.S.F.,N.Y. 
.Berkeley,  Cal. 
.New  Haven,  Ct. 
.Washington,  D.  C. 
.London,  P]iig. 
.Chicago,  111. 
.Leaven  worth. Kan. 
.Burlington.  Vl. 
.Nassawadox.  ViU 
.Toledo,  Ohio. 
.Watervliet,  N.  Y. 
.Washington.  D.C. 
.Newp'  rf  News.Ya. 
.New  York  City. 
.St.  Louis,  Mo. 
.Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
.Boston,  Mass. 
.Baltimore,  Md. 
.  Albuquerque,  X.M. 
.Ft.  S.Houston,  Tex 
7.  .M.G..«>reenca.stle,  Ind. 
"   ..Washington.  D.(". 
"   ..Fern  Bank,  Ohio. 
' '    ..X'ew  York  Citv.    , 
B.G.. Piedmont,  Cal. 


M.G. 
B.G, 

m.g! 

.M.G 
BAi. 


B.G. 


M.G 
B.G, 


Tlie  Army. 


655 


GENERAL  OFFICERS  ON  THE  RETrRKD  LIST  AND  YEAR  OF  RETIREMKNT-Coa. 


Liidington.M.  1 19ii3..M.G 

Lydecker,GarrettJ.1907..1}.  G. 
McCa.skey,\Vm.  S..1907..M.G 
IStcClellau,  John.... 1906..    '* 

McCrea,  Tally 19U3..   "  . 

^rcGiuiies.s,Jobn  R.  1904.  .E.G. 
MoGl■eg(n•,Thonla^5.19ul..  "  , 
iU'Kibbiu,  Cham... 1902..    "   . 

Miicklin,  Jas.  E 1906. . B.  G. 

Magriider,  D.  L 1889..    "   . 

Mau^lield.S.M 1903..    "    . 

Marklev,  Alfred  C.  .1907.  .B.  G. 

IMatile,  Leou  A 1903..    "    . 

:Merriaiu,  Henry  (-'..  1903.. :jiI.Q. 
Merrill,  Abner  H.  .1906..B.  G. 
Merritt,  Wesley.  ...1900., M.G. 

Mile.s,  Evan 1899.. E.G. 

Miles.  Nelson  A.... 1903.. Ii.G. 
Miller,  Crosby  P.... 1906.. E.G. 
Miller.  James. ......1903..   "  . 

Mills,  An.soii 1897  .    "    . 

Miner,  Charles  W.. 1903..  *'  . 
M'/iier.  Henry  R... 1891..  "  . 
Moale,  Ed  ward....  1902..   '*  . 

Moore,  Francis 1905..    "   . 

Mordecai,  Alfred.  .1904..   "    . 

Morgan,  M.  R 1897..    "    . 

Murray,  Robert  ....1886...   "   . 

Myrick,JohnR 1903...   "   . 

Noble,  Charles  H...  1906..  "  . 
Noye.s,  Henry  E.... 1901...  "  . 
O'Conuell, John.!.. .1904...  ••'  , 
Osgood,  Henry  B. .  .1907 . .  "  . 
Osterhans,  Peter  J..1905. 

Otis,  Elwell  S 1902.. 

Ovenshiue,  S 1899. 

Page,  John  H 1903 

Parker,  Daingerh'd.l896. 
Patterson,  J.  H....1899. 
Penney.  Chas.  G  . ..  .1903. 
Pennington.  A. CM.. 1899. 
Pennypacker,  Gal..  .1883. 

Perrj',  Alex.  J 1892 . 

Perry,  David 1898 . 

Phipps,  Frank  H . .  .1907 . .    "    . 

Pitman,  John 1906...   '•   . 

Pratt,  Richard  H.. .  .1903. .   ' '   . 

Pratt,  Sedgwick 1906..   "   . 

Price,  Butler  D 1906..   "    . 

Quiuton,  William.,. 1902..  "  . 
Randall, George  M..1905,.M.G 
Randolph, Wal.  F..1904...    "   . 

Rawles,  Jacob  B 1903 .  .B.  G  . 

Raj-,P.  Henry 1906..    "   . 

R.jij-niond,  Chas.W.1904..    ''   . 

Reed, Henry  A 1906..   "   . 

Reilly, James  W.... 1903...   '* 

Robe.CharlesF 1903...   "  . 

Robert,  Henry  M... 1901..    "  . 

Roberts, Benj.K 1905..    ''   . 

Roberts,  Cy  rus  s. . . .  1903 . .  "  . 
Robinson,  Frank  U  .1905...  "  . 
Rochester,  W.  B.  ..1890..  "  . 
Rodenbougli,  T.  F..1870..   "   . 

Rodgers,  John  1 1002. .   "  . 

Rodney,  George B..  1903..  "  . 
Rogei-s,  William  P.  .1903...   "   . 

Rncker,  D.  H 1882..   "   . 

Sanger, Joseph  P....1904..M.G 


M.G 
B.G. 


1 1 

t  < 
(  > 

(   4 


.Skaueateles,  N.  V. 

.  Pacific  ( J  rove.  Cal. 
.San  Diego,  Cal. 
.Dover,  N.  J. 
.Norfolk,  Va. 
.Benicia,  Cal. 
.  C;hamberst)urg,Pa. 
.Indianapolis,  Ind, 
Bryn  Mawr,  Pa. 
.Boston,  Mass. 
.Laredo,  Te.vas. 
.Washington,  D.C. 
.Wjishingtou,  D.  C. 
.Muntclair,  N.  J. 
.Washington,  D.  C. 
.San  Frauci.sco,CaI. 
.Boston.  Mass. 
.Washington,  D.C. 
.Temple,  N.  H. 
.Washington,  1).  C. 
.Columbus,  Ohio. 
.Detroit,  Mich. 
,San  Francisco, Cal. 
.New  York  Citj'. 
.Washington,  D.  C. 
.St.  Paul,  Minn. 

•  Chestnut Hill,  Pa. 

•  New  York  City. 
.Indianapolis,  lud. 
.San  Diego.  CaL 
.Rome,  Italj'. 
.Stephen  towu,N,Y. 
.Duisburg.Ger. 
.Rochester,  N.  Y. 
.Washington,  D.  C. 
.West  Point,  N.  Y. 
.Washing: on.  D.  C. 
.Albanj'.  N.  V. 
.Nordhoff,  Cal. 
.New  York  Cit.v. 
.Philadelphia,  Pa. 
.Washington,  D.  C. 
.Washington,  I).  C. 
.Springfield,  Mass. 
.Orange,  N.  J. 
.Philadelphia.  Pa. 
.Pasadena,  Cal. 

.  Washington,  D.C. 
,.New  York  City. 
.Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

•  Washington,  D.C. 
.San  Francisco, Cal. 
,  Youngstown,  N.  Y, 
.New  York  City. 
.Barcelona,  Spain. 
.Washington, D.  C. 
.San  Diego,  Cal. 
.Oswego,  N.  Y, 
.Washington,  D.  C. 
.Detroit,  Mich. 
.San  Francisco, Cal. 
.Washington,  I).  C. 

•  New  York  City. 

. W.  Savannah,  Ga. 
.Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
.Wa.shingtou,l).  C. 
.Washington.  D.  C. 
.Washington,  D.C. 


Sawtelle,  CO 1897.. 

Saxton,  Rufus 1888. 

Scliwau,  Theodore..  1901. 

Scully,  .funies  W 1900. 

shaler,  Charle.s 190.T. 

Sheridan,  M.  V .1902.. 

Sickles,  Daniel  E.... 1869 

Simpson,  John 1902. 

Simpson,  M.  D.  L. ..  1888. 

Smith,  Allen 1905. 

Smith,  Fiank  G 1903.. 

Smith,  Jacoi)  H  ....1902.. 

Smith,  Jared  A 1903. 

Smith,  .loseph  R 1895. 

Smith,   Rodnev  ....1893. 

Smith,  William 1895.. 

Snvder,  Simon 1902. 

Stanton,  William.  ..1906. 
Sternberg,  Geo.  M.  1902.. 

Sticknev.  Amos 1907. 

Story,  John  P. 19o5. 

Sullivan.  Thos.  C  ...1897. 
Summers,  John  K...1886.. 

Sumner,  E.  V 1899.. 

Sumner.  Samuel  .S. .  19o6.. 

Suter,  Chas.  R 19ii5. 

Tavlor,  Asher  C. ..  1903. 

Taylor,  Frank 1905. 

Thompson,  J.  M 1903.. 

Thorp,  Frank 1906. 

Tiernon,  John  L 19o3. 

Til  ford,  Joseph  C4. .  .1891. 
Tompkins,  Chas. H.  1894. 

Townsend,  E.  F 1895. 

True,  Theo.  E 19o4. 

Van  Home,  W.  j\r.l901. 
Van  Voast,  James. .  1883. 
Viele,  Charles  D..  ..1900. 
Vincent,  Thos.  M.  .  .1896. 
Vogdes,AnthonyW.1904. 

Vroom,  Peter  D 1903 . 

Wade,  James  F  . . .  .1907. . 
Wallace,  Wm.  M...1906. 

Ward,  H.C 1906. 

Ward,  Tliomas 1902.. 

Wells, Almond  B...1903. 
Wessells,  H.  W. ,  Jr.  1901. 

Wheaton,  Lovd 1902.. 

Wheelan, James  N..1901. 
Wheeler,  Dan'l  D..19(/3. 
Wherrv,  Wm.  INI.  .1899. 

Whitail,  S.R 1906. 

Whittemore,  J.  M. .1900. 
Wilcox,  TimothyP:.. 1904. 
Williams,  Constant. 1907. 
Williston,  Edw.  B..1900. 

Wilson,  Chas.  1 1901  . 

Wilson,  .Tames  H...1901. 

Wilson,  John  M 1901.. 

Wood,  Henry  C 1896. 

Wood,  Oliver  E 1906., 

Wood ,  Pal mer  G . . . .  1906 . , 

Woodhnll,  A.  A 1901., 

Woodrnir,  Carle  A.. 1903. 
Woodru ft',  Chas.  A . .  1903 . 
Wood  wa rd ,  (^ .  A . . . .  1879 . , 

Woodward,  S.  1 1904. 

Young,  S.  B.M 1904. 


M.G 


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.B.G 


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.Washington,  D.  * ". 
.Washington,  1 1.  C. 
.Washington,  D.  C. 
.Atlanta,  (ia. 
.Indianapolis,  Ind. 
.Washington,  D.C. 
.New  York  Citj". 
.Havana,  Cuba. 
.Riverside,  III. 
.Ft.  Wright,  Wash. 
..Washington.  D.C. 
.Ann  Arbor.  Mich. 
..Cleveland.  Ohio. 
.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
..St. Paul,  .Minn. 
.1    Ih'm.M'u.-.  N.Y 
..Reading.  Pa. 
.New  York  Citv. 
..Washington,  D.  C. 
,  .New  York  City. 
,  .Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
,  .BerklySps.,W.Va 
, .Wa.shington,  D.C. 
.  Syracuse, N.  Y. 
...Syracuse.  >N.   Y. 
. .Roxbuiy.  N.  Y. 
..Cottonwood,  Cal. 
..Seattle,  Wash. 
.Salt  L.  City,  Utah. 
..Washington,  D.C. 
..Hutralo.  N.  Y. 
.Ft.  Des  Moines,  la, 
..Washington.  D.C. 
..Washington  .  D.  <'. 
..Los  Angeles, Cal. 
..Austin,  111. 
..Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
.  .Wa.shingtOH,  D.  C. 
,  San  Diego,  Cal. 
..New  York  Cit.v. 
.  .Jetterson,  Ohio. 
.  .Wasljington.  J\C. 
..Louisville,  Ky. 
..'Rochester,  N.  Y. 
,. .Geneva. N.  Y. 
..Washington,  D.  C. 
...Chicago,  111. 
..New  York  City. 
.  .Fredericksb'g,  Va. 
.  .Norkfolk,  Va. 
. .(irosse  Isle, Mich. 
..New  Haven,  Ct. 
,  .Washington,  D.  C. 
..St.  I'anl,  Minn. 
..Portland.  Ore. 
..New  York  City. 
..Wilmington,  Del. 
..Washington,!).  (. 
.New  York  City. 
.Washington,  D.C. 
.Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
.pVinceton,  N.  J. 
.Raleigli.  N.  C. 
.Eeikeley,Cal. 
.Washington.  D.C. 
,.St.  Louis,  Mo. 
.Y"'rst'ue,Pk,Wyo. 


ORGANIZATION    OF    THE    ARMY.* 

Thearmy  in  active  service  as  now  organized  under  the  act  of  Congress  of  February  2,  1901,  com- 
prises 15  regiments  of  cavalry,  750  officers  and  13.196  enlisted  men;  0  regiments  of  field  artillery. 
199  officers  and  5,245  enlisted  men;  a  coast  artillery  corps,  170  comnanies,  569  officers  and  19, 3111 
enlisted  men;  .30  regitnents  of  infantry,  1.500  othcers  and  25,650  enlisted  men;  3  battalions  of 
engineers,  2,002  en li.sted  men,  commanded  by  officers  detailed  from  the  corps  of  engineers;  staff 
corps.  Military  Academy,  Indian  scouts,  recruits,  etc. ,  4.457  enlisted  men;  also  a  provisional  force 
consistingof  one  regiment  in  Porto  Rico, 31  officers  and  574  native  enlisted  men,  and  50 companies 
of  native  scouts  in  the  Philippines,  116  oilicei-s  and  about  5.000  enlisted  men.  The  total  number 
of  commissioned  officei-s,  staff  and  line,  on  the  active  list,  is  3,896,  and  the  total  enlisted  strength, 
staff  and  line,  is  69,871,  exclusive  of  the  provisional'  force  and  the  hospital  corp.s.  The  act  cited 
provides  that  the  total  enli-^ted  strength  of  the  army  shall  not  exceed  at  ».ny  one  time  100,000. 

*  For  Military  Divisions  and  Departments,  see  page  661, 


656                                                  The  Army. 

RELATIVE  RANK  OF  THE  SUPERIOR  OFFICERS  OF  THE  REGULAR  ARMY. 

>       1.                                                          ■ — . ~- 

1 

1 

i 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 

i 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

(*' 

25 
2»j 
27 

t  1 

^  2 
*> 
o 


>ame,  llauk.  and  Date  cf  Commisiion.  |    Coips  or  Regi- 
November  1.  r.'07.  |  inei>t  and  Corps. 


L.[EnTl!:NANT-UKNKR  AI,.  | 

MacArtbur,  Arthur,Sept.  15, 19(Ki  general  ofiQcer 

MAJOR-OKXERAI,S.  j 

Wood,  Leonard  Autf.  8. 190o\'eii6ral  officer 

Ainswonh,  Fred.  C.Apr.  23.18y4  the  ftdjt.sff^n. 

Weslon,  John  F Oct.    8,1906|5enenil  officer 

Grant, Fred.  D Feb.     6,1906|geueral  oilicer 

CTreelv,.\dolphu.s  \VFeV>.  10,1906  jreneral  ollioer 
Bell,  J.  Franulin.  ..Jan.  3. 1907ii,'ene-ral  officer 
Duvall,  Wm.  F Oct.     2,19o:igeueral  otiicer 

BHIGAOIKR-fiKXKKALS. 

Fanston, Frederick.  Apr.   1,1901  sj-eneral  officer 


Davis,  (ieorcre  B..... May  24.1901 
Crozier.  William  ..Nov.  22,1901 
(.;arter.  William  H.  .Julv  1.5,1902 

Bliss,  T;i.sker  H Jnly  21,1902 

0'Reillv,Rohert:\I.?!^ept.  7.1902 
Barrv,  'Ihomas  H.  A(ig.l8.19:io 
Mackenzie,  Alex... Jan.  23, 1904 
Hall,  William  P.... Apr.  2.^,1904 

Mills,  Albert  L ISIay    7,1904 

Fd!?erlv.WiufieldS.Jinie  23.1905 
Sharpe",  Henry  G. .  .Oct.  12.1905 

Allen,  James Feb.  10,1906 

Kd  ward.s,  C.  li I  n  ne  3O.ly06 

Snifteii,  Cnlver(\..Sopt.ll,19ii6 


Pershing,  John  J. 


iept.  20,1906 

Oct.      1,1906 

.Oct.      1.1906 

..Mar.  23. 1907 

Apr.  11,1907 

18.1907 

19. 1907 

30. 1907 

25. 1907 


-A^pr. 


Murra\',  Arthur 

Garlinglon,  R.  A.. . 

Mver,  Albert  L.... 

iriill,  CliarlesB... 

Thomas,  Karl  D. .. 

Morton,  Charles. .  ..Apr. 

I  lodges.  Charles  L.Apr. 

Davis,  Jolin  ]M.  K. .Mav 

Bandholtz.  H.  ]l...Jnne  30.1907  ch.Phil.coustt, 

.\leshire,  JamPsB..Jnly    1.1907lqm.  dept 

Wothei-spoon,  W.W.Oct, 

Smith,  Charles  S Oct 

coLOXi>;r,.s.  i 

Lamed,  Charles  W.  Ang.  14.188*i!prof.  m.  a. 
Tillman,  Samuel  K..  Dec.  31,189(i  i)rof.m.  a. 
Marshall,. Tames  M.Feb.    2. 1901  qm.  dept. 


J.  a.  g.  dept. 
ord.  tlept. 
general  ollicer 
general  officer 
med.  dppt. 
general  ollicer 
corps.of  ong. 
a.g.  dept. 
geii"^ral  officer 
gei  eral officer 
sub    dept. 
sig.  corps, 
cbf.  nn.  ins.af. 
pay  dept. 
general  ollicer 
chief  of  art. 
in-i.  gf  II.  df  lU. 
general  officer 
generalofficer 
generalofficer 
general  officer 
general  ofii'-eri 
genera! officer 


3, 1907igeneral  officer! 
9j  1907  general  officer 


0 

6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
(0 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 

^1 


.Morris,  Charles...'. .  Feb.  21,1902  coa'it  artillery 
Ileizmann,  f 'has.  L.-Apr.    7,1902  med.  dept. 

.\ugnr,  .lacob  A June  9,1902  10  cavairv. 

Hei-stand,  H.  O.  S..Jnly  22,1902  a.g.  dept- 

Girard, Jo'^eph  B Seiit.  7.1902  niPd.  dept. 

Wood,  Edward  E... Oct.     5,1902  prof.  m.  a. 

•Sweet,  Owen  J Feb.  !><, I90n!28  in fantry. 

(Treenongh,  (Jeo.  G..Feb.  21.1903jcoast  artiUerv 
McCaulej',  C.  A.  H.  Feb.  24,1903!»im.  dept. 
Hatfield,  C.  A.  P. ..Mar.    2. 1903|13 cavairv, 
Gorgas.  William  C.  .Mar.   9.1903  nied.  dept. 

Kerr,  John  B :SIar.  30.1903  12  cavairv. 

Mills,  Stephen  V, -Apr.  12,1903|ins.  gen.  dept. 

Dorst,  Joseph  H Apr.  15, 1903 ,3  cavalry. 

Orowder.  Enoch  II.. .Apr.  16, 1903! j.  a.  g.  dept. 
.Anderson.  G^o.  S.  ...Apr.  18, 1903  1  cavairv. 
Harvey,  Philip  F...Ang.   6,1903jmed.  <iept 
-Andrews,  (Teorge....AU 
Cornman,  Daniel..  ..Aug.  8.1903 
Byrne.  Charles  B.  ..Aug.    9.1903 
Duncan,  Joseph  W.Ang.   9,1903 
Aug.  11.1903 


K.  Novemb'-r  1,  19(  7.  iiieiit  aud  Ccrpe. 

coi.o's  K\.9,~(_\>nt  i  nned. 

41  Woodbury,  Thos.  C.:Mar.  29,1904  8  infantry. 

42  Adams,  ZViilton  B..Apr.  23. 1904  corps  of  eug. 

43  McL'ain.  Henry  P.. Apr.  23, 1904  a.  g.  dept. 

44  llavard,  Valerv.... Apr.  26. 1904  med.  dept. 

45  Howe,  Walter May  20,1904  coast  artillery 

(*)'Bromwell,  (.'has.  s.  June    1,1904  chg.pub.bldgs. 

46lPullman,   John  \\'...ltuie  25.1904iqni.dept. 
471*'hambprlain,  ,1.  L..>"ov.  21. 1904  ins.  gen.  dept. 
48;Pratt,  Edward  B...Dcc.  16.1904  30  infantry. 
49  lloff,.lohn  Van   K..Jan     19,1905  med.  dept. 
50|.Adair, (^eorge  W... April    6  1905  med.  dept. 

51  (■owles,Calvin  D...Ai)ril  11.1905  5  iiifantr}-. 

52  Potts.  Uamsay  D...Jnne    8. 1905  5  field  art. 

53  Kerr,  James  T June  17,liH)5  a.  g.  dept. 

54  Taylor,  Sydney  W.Joiie  20.1905  2  field  art. 

55  (iod win, Edward  A..ynne  22,1905  14  cavalry. 
56,  Ward,  Frederick  K.Jnne  23.1905  7  cavalrj'. 

57 1  Adams.  Henrv  M.  ..June  26,1905  corps  of  eng. 
58  Dravo,  Edward  E...Oct.       6.190o'snb.  dept. 
59iSmith.Abiel  L. .....Oct.     13.1905  sub.  dept. 

60'  Davis.  Chas.  E.L.B.Oct.     15.1905  corps  of  eng. 

I  61  seott,  Walter  S Oct.     30.1905  15  infantry. 

62  (^ardener,Cornelius.DHC.   26,19(»5  16  infantry. 
63iThompson,  Rich.  E.Feb.    10,1906  sig.  corps. 
64!Reynolds,   Alfred. .Feb.  " 

65  llodgers,  Alex ilar. 

66  F»atterson,  Robt.  H.Apr. 

67  Allen,  Leven  C .Apr. 

68,Fiebeger,  (4nstav  J. Mav 

69'Pitcher,  Wm.  Li....Jnne  15,1906  27  in fantrv. 

70|i[oskins,  lobn  D.  C.Jmie  22.1 906, coa-^t  artillery 

71  Blunt,  stanhope  E.  June  2:")  1^06  ord.  dejU, 

72  Heath,  Frank .June  25  1v»06ord.  dept. 

73  Lockwood.Dan'lW.Jnne  27,1906  coipsof  eng. 

74;  i)ent,  John  C July 

75iMc<TUunegle.  G.  IC.Jnly 
76jSchnyler,  Walter  S.Aiig. 
77iKinsrsburv,   H.  P...Aiig. 

(*)|Scott.  Hugh  L .Aug.  31.1906  snpt.  m.  a. 

78i  Ruffner,  Ernest  H..Sept.    9,1906'coips  of  eng. 


7'.  1903  a.  g.  dei)t. 


Stewart,  Wm.  F.. 
Mansfield.  F.  W... 
fjockwood,  Benj.  C 
Hoade.  Philip.. 


..Aug.  12,1903 
■  Aug.  13.1903 


7  infantry, 
med.  dept. 
6  infantry, 
coast  artillery 
2  m  fan  try. 
29  infantry 


17  1906  22  infantry. 
7.1t»(i6  6  cavalry. 
1.1906  coast  artillery 
6.1906  12  infantry. 

26.1H06  pi-of.  m.a. 


2,1906  14  in  fantrv, 
3,1906  1  infantrv. 

20,1906  5  cavalry'. 

31,1906  8  cavairv. 


79:Comegv«i,  Wm.  H..Sei)l.  13,1906  pav  dept 

80:  West.  Frank ..Oct.      1,1906  2  cavalry. 

81;  Harris  Henrv  L Oct. 

82!chase,  Geo.  F Oct. 

83;rjnndeen.  John  A  ..Oct. 

84  Greene,  Hen rj- A... Oct. 
(*); Rivers.  Wm.  C.....Oct. 
(* );  Hersey,  Mark  L. . .  .Oct. 

85, Bolton.  Edward  B..l)ec, 


1,1906  I'oa'^i  artillery 

2,1906  ins.  gen.  dept. 

2.19t>6 coa.st  artillery 
20.1906  10  infantrv. 
26,1906  Philip,  const.t 
27,1906  Pliilip. const. 1 

2,1906  4  infantrv. 


86  Sears,  C'linton  B Ian.  11,1907  corps  of  eng. 


19,1907  9  cavairv. 
25,1907!coast  artillery 


25. 19074  field  art. 
25  1907  1  field  art. 
25. 1907  coast  artillery 
16, 1907  qm. dept. 
2,1907  corps  of  eng. 


.Aug.  13.1903  23 infantrv. 
VanOi-sflale,John  r..Aug.  14,1903;17  infantry. 

Clem,  John  L .An<;.  15.1903'qnK  dept. 

Huston,  Joseph  F.  ...Aug  15.1903  19  infantry. 
Patten.  William  S.  ..Aug.  17.190;?  qm.  dept. 
Steever.  P^^dgar  Z.  ...Aug.  17,190314  cavalry. 
Harbord,  James  (;..Aug.  17.1903  Philip,  const.t 
Simpson.  Wm.  A..  ..Aug.  18.1903  a.g.  dept. 
Dudley,  Edgar  S. , ..Nov.  22,1903  j. a.  g.  dept. 
Hovt,  Ralph  \V...;I>ec.     3.1903  25 infantrv. 
Wiliiains,  t'has.  A,  Jan.  23.1904  21  infantrv- 

Man"-,  Marion  P Jan.  24,1904  20  infantrv. 

SM>;ih,  Fred'k  A.Fo"    84,1904  *(  infantrv, 
_Whij2iilj^;ha<._H  ..i'iitj  ?S, IPO^JvAv-  dc»n. 


87,Bomu<,  Peter  S Ian 

88  Crawford, Medorum, Jan 

&9iWhistkM-,  a.  N Tan.  25, 1907'coast  artillery 

90  Cummins,  .Albert  S.,  Jan.  25, 1907  coast  artillery 
9l' Dyer,  .Alexander  B.  .Jan 
92' Andrews,  H"nrv]\r. ..Tan 

93  Park'nnrst,Chas.  D..Jan 

94  Po|»e.  .lames  W Feb 

95  Knight,  John  G.  I). .Mar 

96  Loughbor'h,R.H.R.Mar.    7,1907  13infantry 

97  Veatman,  11.  T Mar.  26. 19o7  11  infantry. 

gS'fjVle,  David  A Mar.  26  1907  ord.  dept. 

99.  .^iacoml),  ^f.  M .A pr.    ft,  1907  6  field  art. 

KW  Davis,  Thomas  F.... A i>r.  11,1907  18  Infantry. 

,101  Tucker,  Wm.  F Apr.  15  1907  | my  depU 

II02  Parker.  James Apr.  18,1907  11  cavalrj'. 

103  Garrard,  Jo-eph....Apr.  20,1907  15 cavalry. 
,104  Bru^h,  Daniel  H....Mav   4. 1907  24  infantry. 

|105M:ius.  Lo!iis.A[ Mavl0.l:i07  med.  dept. 

106  Wis'^er,  John  P Mav  27, 1907  coast  artillery 

June   0.1907  corps  of  eng. 

.Julv    3.1907  Phillip.coust.t 

Aug.    9.1907  ord.  dipt. 

All?;.  12.1907  3  field  art. 

Aug.  27.1907  corps  of  eng. 


1107  Ho.xie,  Richard  L 

(*)  Hall.  Herman 

:108  Rockwell,  James.. 

il09  Niles.  Lotus 

110  Marshall.  Wm.  L. 


111  Russell.  AndrewH. Sept. 19,1907  ord.  dept. 

112  Booth, Charles  A.... Oct.    1,  l'.W  26  infiintry, 

113  Birnir>,  RoErers Oct.  10,1907  ord,  dept. 

Ill  A'  '       cs  N.i.fVt,  13,1907  sub.  dept. 

i j?  f  '  s  J .  ....Qct.  85,190?  »ln l^tinD:; 

!«l1  Msi!syR«i.enu    t  X'biltiui.>l««*  ^t»Kt»»>v*l»ry. 


The  Aryny. 


657 


RELATIVE  RANK  OF  THE  SUPERIOR  OFFICERS  OF  THE  REGULAR  k^Sl\—Cont mud. 


\»me,  Kank,  and  Date  of  CommiSHion. 
November  1,  1907. 


Corps  or  Itest- 
meiit  auil  Corps. 


:i 


2.1903'qiu.  dept. 
6.1903]ined.  dept. 
9.1903'iiied.  dept. 
lo,l<»()3qm.  dept. 


25.1904  pa V  dent. 
29,1904  SOiiilaiiti-v, 
29,1904  13  infantry. 
7.1904  a.  g.  dept. 
23,1904  corps  of  ener. 


30,1905  a.  g.  dept. 
16,1004  15  infantry. 
19,1905  med.  dept. 
16, 1905 'corps  of  eng. 


e 
_5, 

I  COLON  KLS  —  Co/l/l//l«e(/. 

lit)  Harrison, (J eo.  F.  E..Oct.  29,1907  eoa-st  artillery 
117  VViUard,  J.  H Nov.  15,1907  corps  Ol  eug, 

!  MKITKNANT-COI.O.NKI.S.  | 

1  (lord.Mi,  Wni.  B Mar.  27,1901  prof.  m.a. 

a  T.ivlor,  Blair  J) I  line  30.1902  med. dept. 

3(arl)aiigt),irarveyC.  Dec.   18,1902  j.  a.  g.  dept. 

4HidI,  .lolin  A Apr.    ltj,1903;j.a.  g.  dept. 

6  Riihlen,  Cieorge Avi^ 

6  Torney,  George  H.  Aug 

7  (•rarapton,Loui.s  W.Aiig 

8  Miller,  Wm.  H Aug. 

5*  .lones,  Samuel  II Aug.  17,1903  ((m.  dept 

10  Bailey,  Hobart  Iv...<X-t.    31.1903  25  infantry 

11  Dunn,  <4eorge  ^f Nov.  22, 1903  j. a. g. dept. 

12  Robinson,  \V.\V.,.Tr..Ian.    20.1904  qm.  dept. 

13  Pauldiug,  William.. Jan.   20,1904  18  inlantry 

14  Muhlenberg,  J.  C....Jan.    23. 1904' pay  dept. 

15  Smith, <4eorge  K Tan. 

16  Shame,  Alfred  C....Mar 

17  Bowen,  W.H.  C....Mar 

18  llobinson,  Henrv E.Apr 
l9iBixby.  William  H.Apr 

20  Bossell,  William  T.  Apr.  23,1904  corps  of  eng. 

21  Corbusie^W.  H Apr.  26  1904'med.  dept. 

22  Svmans,'r.  W .Tune  11,1904  corps  of  eng. 

23;  Kchols,  Charles  P.. ..Tune  29,1904;prot.  m.a. 
24  Scriven.  George  P. .July     6,1904'Sig.  corps. 

25!  Von  Schrader,  F July     9,1904  qm.  dept. 

26:sa\vver,J.Estcourt.Ju!y   10.19t)4qm.  dept. 

27iDodd,George  A July  28,1904  1  cavalry. 

28: Appel, Daniel  M....Aug,    3,1904  med.  dent. 
29iPerlev,  Harry  O....Aug.  14,1904  med.  dept. 

30  Leach,  Smith  S Sept.  14,1904  corps  of  eng. 

31  Mason, (Iharles  W. .  Nov.    5. 1904,29  infantry 

32  Uickie,  James  B Nov 

3:3  Williams,  Arthur  . . .  Dec 
34;  Davis,  William  B.  ...Jan 

35.Kiugman,])an  C Feb 

36  McClernand,E<l\v.J.Mar.  19,1905  1  caValrj 
37;(;rav,  William  ^^''..  ..Apr.    6, 1905: med. dept. 

38Hunt,r^evi  P Apr.    7,1905  2  cavalry. 

39,Murray,CunliHe  H..  Apr.  8,1905  11  cavalry. 

40  Irons,  James  A Anr.   9,1905  14  infantry. 

41  [,overing, Leon'd  A.  Apr.  11.1905  4  infantry. 

42  Kvans,  Robert  K Apr.  14, 1905  5  infantry. 

43  Brodie,  Alexander  O.June  10, 1905  a.  g.  dept. 
(*)Ho\vze,  Robert  fi...  Juuel5,190.'>  com. of  cadets 

44, Alvonl,  Benjamin  .  ..June  17, 1905 |a.  g.  dept. 
•4o|  Black.  William  M lune  26,1905  corps  of  ^ng. 

46  Brechemin,  Louis. .  .Jul V    1,1905  med.  dept. 

47  Cooke, George  F July  28  1906  22  infant rv. 

48  Brainard.  David  L  ..Aug.   8,1905  sub.  dept. 

49i  Davis.  George  B Oct.     6.1905  sub.  dept. 

50Chubb,CharlesSt..l.Oct.  11.1905  2  infantry. 

51  Fisk,  Waller  \,. Oct.  15,1905  corps  of  eng. 

62  .Jones,  Tiiaddeus  W.Oct.  20. 1905  8  cavalry. 

53  Stevens.  Robert  R..l)ec.  15.  1905  qm.  dept. 

54  Wood,  William  F.Feb.    3.1906  lus.gen.dept. 

55  <;iassford.  Wm.   A  Feb.  10.1906  sig.  corps. 

06  Kvans,  Wm.  P Feb.  17,1906  11  infantry. 

57Hardie.  Franci.s  H.Mar.    7.1906  15  cavalry. 

58  Laciarde,  f.iOuis  A..  ..>rar.  17,1906  ined. dept. 

59  Hardin,  Edward  E.  >far.  23.1906  26  infantiy, 

60  Banister,  John  M..Mar.  29  1906  med.  dept. 
61:  Hodgson,  Fred' k  t4. Mar.  31  1906  qm.  dept. 

62  Roessler,  Sol.  W...Apr.    2  1906  cori)s  of  eng. 

63  Wilson.  Rich.  H Apr.    5.1906  16  infantrv. 

64  Kiiiskern,  Albert]).  A  i)r.  24.1906  sul>.  dept* 
60  Febiger,  Lea May     5.1906  3  iuraiiiry. 

66  Williams.  John  R luno  9.19t)6  coast  art. 

67  Homer,  M'm.  B lune  22,1906  coast  art. 

68  French,  F.    H June  25,1906  iu.s.  gen.  dept. 

69  Macniut,  fra lune  25,1906  01  d. dept. 

70, Baker,  Frank June  25,1906  ord. dept. 

TliMitcham,  Oren   B.June  ii5, 1906  ord.  dept. 
72  BrutT,  Ltiwrence  L.June  2.o,  1906  ord.  dept. 
73| Hunter, George  K.  .June  80,1906  6cavalrv. 
74! Augur,  Amnion  .A..Julv    2.1906  24  infantry. 
.76[McC!ure.,  Charles.  ■  .July    3,1906  a.^.  dept. 


Nam-,  Kank,  and  Uale  ct  Coujiiiinsiuii. 
'/:,  November  1 .  Ifli  ". 

1.1  KCT. -COLON  Kl.S  — <  'nilllli  ill  li. 

(*)'Gandv,  Charles  .M...July  5.1906 
76,  Wolf,  Silas  A lulv   13,1906 

77  O'Connor,  Cha.s.  M.Aug.  20.1906 

78  AbVjot,  Frederic  V.  .Sept.   9.1906 
79,  Wilder,  Wiiber  E.  .>ept.l3.19«»6 

(*)  Winn,  Frank  L  ....Sept.  18,1906 
80Casev,  Thoma.s  fi.  .Sept.26,19t)6 
8l'(iuilfoyle,.lohn  F....Oct.  1,1906' 
82;  Watts,  Charles  H  ,.<)ct.  1,1906 
83!Andei-son,  Cieo.  L...Oct.  1.1906 
84iEd\vards,  Frank  A.Oct.  2.1906 
85;Colhn,  William  H.. Oct.  3.1906 
«6  Buttler,  Wm.  C....Oct.  6,1906 
87;  Rogers,  .Tames  S.  . 

88  Youm,',  Georges., 

89  Bu Hard,  Robert  L 
:  90, Clark,  Charles  H.. 

91  Moon,TTenryB Dec.  2,1906 

i  92  Glenn.  Edwin  F Tan.  1.1907 

i  93,Townsend.C.  Mo I>... Jan.  11,1907 
94  Dav,  Matthias  W. . .  .Jan.  19.1907 

95;  Todd,  Albert Ian.25, 19u7 

961  Brown.  Fvlward  'i' .  ..Jan.  25. 1907 

97  Slaker,  Adam Ian.  25,1907 

98  r.udlow,  Henry  H.... Ian.  25,1907 

99  Hamilton,  Wm.  R..  .,lau.25.1907 

1(10  Foster,  Charles  W lau 

loi  Deems, Clarence Tan 


..Oct. 
...Oct.  20,1906 
...Oct.  30,1906 
...Oct.  31,1906 
..Nov.  12.1906 


25.1907 
•\5.190- 


102  White,  .lohn  V Ian.  25,1907 

103  Weaver,Erasmus M,.Ian. 25, 1907 

104  Hoyle,  Eli  D Jan.  2.%  1907 

il05'Adam'^,(tranger Jan.  25. 1907 

106  Marsh,  Fredei  ick Ian.  25,1907 

il07;  Woodward,  Chas.  G.Jan.  25, 1907 

;i08  Cecil,  George  R Jan.  31.1907 

1109  Bellinger,  John  B.  ..Feb.  16  1907 
■110  Goethals,  George  W  Mar.  2,1907 
iUl  Ladd,  Eugene  F Mar.  2, 1907 

(*)  Lissak,Ormond  >f  ...Mar.  6,1907 
'112  Mann,  Wm.  A Mar.  7.1907 

113  Waltz,  Millard  F.  ...Mar.26.1907 

114  Hobbs,  Frank  E Mar.26.1907 

115  (laj'le.  Edward  E.... Apr.  5,1907 

116  Allen,  Samuel  E Apr.11.1907 

117  Rogers,Harry  L Apr.15,1907 

118  Finlev,  Walter  L. ...  Apr.l8. 1907 

119  Ames.RobertF May  6,1907 

120  Appel,  Aaron  H MavlO,  1907 

121  Strong, Frederick  S.:\ray27,1907 

122  Millis,  John Fnne  7.1907 

123  Biddle.John (une  9,1907 

124  Gresham,,TolinC.... July 24,1907 

125  Benet  J.  Walker  ...  .Aug.  9.1907 

126  Greble,  Edwin  St.J.  Aug.  12.1907 

127  Hod  ges,  Harry  F . ..  A  ug.  27, 1907 
128.  Vinson, AVebster. . . .  Sept.  4.1907 

129  (Gibson,  Wm.W Sept.  19, 1907 

mi  Getty,  Robert N Oct.     1.1907 

131  Jones,  Frank  B Oct.     4.1907 

132  Babl)itt,  Edwin  B...Oct.   10.1907 
133-Eastman,  FrankF..Oct.   13.1907 

134  Byrne,  Charles Oct.   25. 1907 

135  Biunl,  A  Ibert  C Oct.  29,19(i7 

136  Gale,  (4porge  If.  G  .  .Oct.  .31,1907 
137iWarreu,JampsG.  ..Nov.  15,1907 
i       I  M.\.ioi:s.  I 

1  Powell,  .Tunius  J, ...Oct.      1.1«97 

2  Richard,  Charles  ...Nov.  15.1897 

3  Carter,  W.  FitzhughNov.  30,1897 

4  Ebert,  Rudolph  G..Apr.  17,1898 
SGibson,  R()bcrt,l....Apr.  23,1898 
6' Arthur,  William  H.Aug.  23.1898 

7  Bushuell,   «i.  E Dec.   10,1898 

8  Birmingham,  H.  P.Dec.  15,1898 

9  (.'arter,  Edward  C  .  .Dec.  21.1898 

10  Wveth. Marlboro"  (;.  June    8,1899 

11  Wallace,  H.s Sept.  9,1899 

,  12,Tohn.soni  R.  W Nov.    6.1899 

U3.P^mv^Fmacl^L,^MHiAi?W 


Corp.s  o    i;.-x'i- 
inent  mul  Corpi. 

prof.  m.a. 

liS  iiifaniry. 

3  cavalry, 
corps  of  eng. 
lus.gen.dept. 
sec.  It.  gen. 
corps  oTeng. 

7  cavalry. 
9cavaliT. 
ins.  gen.  dept. 

12  Ciivali}'. 
coast  art. 

9  infantry. 
1  infantry. 
21  infantrj'. 

8  infantry, 
ord.  dept. 
20  infantry. 
23  infantry 
corps  of  eng. 
6  cavalry, 
coast  art. 

1  field  art. 
,coa.st  art. 
coast  art. 
coast  art. 

2  field  art. 
I  coast  art, 
ctiast  art. 
coast  art. 

6  field  art. 
5  field  art. 
jcoastart. 
I  coast  art. 

10  infantry. 
Iqm.dept. 
[corps  of  eng. 
a.  g.  dept. 
prof.  m.  a. 
b  infantry. 
27  infantry 
ord.  dept. 

4  field  art. 
coast  art. 
pa\'  dept. 

13  cavalry. 
12  iiifamry. 
med.  dej)t. 
a.  g.  dei)t. 
corps  of  eng. 
corps  of  eng. 

14  cavalry, 
ord.  dept. 

3  field  art. 
corps  of  eng. 
pay  dep'. 
ord.  dept. 

7  infantry. 
19  i  ifantry. 
ord.  dept. 
sub.  dept. 
17  infantrj". 
coa-^t  art. 
10  cavalry, 
corps  of  eng. 

med.  dept. 
med.  dept. 
med.  dept. 
med.  dept. 
med.  dept. 
med.  dept. 
med.  dept. 
med.  dept. 
med.  dept. 
med.  dept. 
pay  dept. 
med.  dept. 


658 


The  Army. 


RELATIVE  RANK  OF  THE  SUPERIOR  OFFICERS  OF  THE  REGULAR  ARMY— ron^mued.  ' 


Name,  Kank,  anii  Date  of  rommisslon. 
XovemSjer  1,  1907. 


I'orps  or  Kegi- 
meiit  aud  Corps. 


o 
_2 

i  >r  AJOBS  — ^bU^/iKK/.  I 

l-l  StPphPiisoii,  Win...  Apr.  28.1'.t00;nied.  ciept. 

15  fUillips,  .lolin    L Oct.     8.1900  inc. i.<lt;pt 

It)  Borden,  William  C.  Feb.    ~" 

17  .Mearns.  Edgar  A.,  .l-'eb. 

l-<  Kdie,  Guv  \, Feb. 

l:^  Crosby,  William  I).. Feb. 

20  Gandv,  Cbarle.s  M..Feb. 

21  Fwinjj,  Charles  B.  ..Feb. 

22  McCaw,  Walter  D..Feb. 
2.>  Ivean,  Jetterson  R. .  .Feb. 
21  Raymond,  Henry  I.Feb. 

25  1  ves,  Francis  J Feb. 

2f)  Kendall,  Wm.  P.... Feb. 
27  Morris,  Edward  R..Feb. 
2^  French,  John  T..Jr.  Fel). 
29  Downey,  Georj^e  F.,Feb. 

-       •      --        ■■         |.Y-h. 

Apr. 

.Apr. 

A  pr.  13. 1901 

May    3,1901 


dept. 
dept. 
dtipt. 
dept. 
dept. 


30  Harris,  II.  8.  T 

31  Banister,  Wm.  B. . 
3j  Krantholf,  Ciias.  R 
3o  WoodriJlf,  Clias.  E 

34  Goodman,  Tlios.  C. 

35  Houston,  .James  B.. May   3.1901 

3o  Dodds.  Frank  L May  22, 1901 

37  Porter,  John  B May  27, 1901 

3-i  Sliillock,  Paul June  7,1901 

39i(ioodier,  Lewis  E. .  ..Tniiel8,19()l 
40i  .A.bercromUie.  W.  \l.  Sept.  27. 1901 
41Nichols,  William  A.O.;t.     5,1901 
42  Terrett,  Colville  P.  Oct, 
A\'  Pliister,  Kat.  P Oct. 


15, 1901 
44iPaxton,  Alexis  R. .  Oct.  16.1901 

24.1901 

26.1901 

26, 1901 

.Xo\'.  8,1901 

.Nov.  11.1901 


45'  Ratferty,  Ogden Oct. 

46  LitteP,  Isaac  W.  ...Oct. 
47 i  Bingham,  (4.  8 Oct. 

48  Torrey,  Zerali  W. 

49  Jackson,  James  B. 


50  Hay,  BeecherB Nov.  12,1901 

51  Turner,  Reuben  B...Dec.    8,1901 

52  Pitcher,  John Dec.    9.1901 

53  Ma.son,  Charles  F..  .Dec.  9,1901 
51  Glennan,  James  J).  .Jan.  1,1902 
55  Bradley,  Allred  JC.Jan.  1,1902 
56i  Frederick,  Dau'l  A.Jan.  31,1902 
57!  Lord,  Herbert  M...Feb.  20,1902 
58iTaylor,  Charles  W..Feb.  22,1902 
59iTillson,  John  C.  F.  .Mar.  12.1902 
60!Browne,  Edward  II. Mar.  2S,l'.10i 
eilWillcox,  Cliarles....Apr.  7,1J02 
62iDucat,  Arthur  C....Aur.  14.1902 
e^jTravis,  Pierce  M.  B.  Ap:-.14,1902 

61  Goe,  James  B Api-.15,1902!l9  infantry 

6'),l)ovol.  CarrolJ-^A :Ma\-   5.1902  qm. dept. 

6-5  Liggett,  Hunter Mav    5,1902  13  inlanlrv. 

6.-  lvennon,L.  W.  V.. .  .^!a'v28,1902  10  infantrv, 

.  Mav  28,1902|a.g.  dept. ' 

.Mav  28, 1902! ins.  z^w.  dept 
..June  9,19.12  15  cavalry. 
.  .Juno   9,1902  22inlantry. 
..June  2S,  1902  8  cava  I  rj-. 
..Iune28,1902  med. dept. 
..June  2=i.  1902, 17  in.fantrv. 
.Juno2s,1902  2infaniry. 
. . .  June  30,1902  med.  dept. 
Inly    5.1902|qm.depr. 


2,190i;nied.  dept. 
2, 1901' med.  dept. 
2, 1901: med.  dept. 
2.1901:med.dept. 
2,1901  nied.  dept. 
2,1901  nied.  dept. 
2,1901  nied.  dept. 
2.1901  med.  " 
2,1901  nied. 
2. 19011  med. 
2, 1901 1  med. 
2.1901  nied. 
2.1901  qm.  dept. 
2, 1901' pa V  dept. 
4.1901  nie<l.depL 
2, 1901 1  med.  dept. 
8,1901  sub.  dept. 

med.  dept. 

pay  dept. 

pay  dept. 

J.  a.  g.  dept. 

j.  a.  g.  dept. 

med.  dept. 

j.  a.  g.  dept. 

30  infantry. 

1  infantrv. 
7.190118  infantry. 

2  infantry, 
13  infantry, 
med.  dept. 
qm.  dept. 
qm.  dept. 
ins.  gen. dept. 
11  inianlr.w 
pay  dept. 
8  infantry. 
7  cavalry, 
med.dept. 
med.  dept. 
med.  dept. 
22  infantry, 
pay  dept.* 
13  c  ivalry. 
4  infantry. 
2in'antry. 
med.  dept. 
7  infiintry. 
11  infantry. 


6S  f/i-ssiter,  William. 
6^  Morton,  Charles  G 

70  Beach,  Will  am  D. 

71  I'ickeriuET.  Abner. , 
72Shnnk,  William  A. 
73,  Flick,  Euclid  B. ... 
74iManey,  .lames  ^. 
75jBaih:!y,  Harry  L.. 
761  Keefer,  Frank  R 
77j( 'ruse,  Thomas. 


78jBis!iop,  Jfo.'lS fulv    8, 190215  cav.Ury. 

79  MaI!orv,Joli'i   S  ....fiilv    8,1902112  infantr.v. 
80|Andrus,  Elwin  P..Julv  15.190213  cavaliy. 

8l|Palm<T,  Ge  )rge Tulv  15,1902  21  infantry. 

82:  Rochcster,W.  B.,Jr.Julv  24.1902  pnv  dept. 
Si'Siblev,  Fred'k  W...lulv  30. 1".V)2, 2  cavalry. 
84].Millji-,  Samuel  W.  .Julv  30, 1902jin«. gen.dopt 
85.  R;iynioud,  Thns.  U...Aug.l2,l902  )ned.  dein. 
SoiSnyder,  Henry  D.  ..Sej)t.  7.1902imed.  dept. 
87iCheever,  Benj.  H. .  ..S(,'pt.lo.l9o2  6  cavalrv. 
SSrBenham,  Henry  jr.Sept.24.1902'23  infantrj'. 
83^  McCa'-lliv,  Dan'l  J-;.Uct.     2,1902Iqm.  dept. 
90|Van  Vliet.Rolj'tC.Oct.     3, 19'12:10  infantry. 
91iBuck,  William  L... Oct.  11,1902  10  infantrv. 
92JWales,  Philip  G....Oct.  27,1902; med. dept. 
P3|  Whpeler.  HomerW.  Oct.   29.190211  cavalrv. 
94isniith,  Allen  M....  Xov.  23.1902jnied.  de])t. 
SoiCiark,  WalUsO.  ...2sov.2fe,1902!5  iofautry. 


Name,  U.iMk.  and  Dale  of  Commiesiou. 
X  vember  1,  1907. 


Corps  or  RegU 
meM t  :uid  r'Tp*-. 


96 
97 
9i 

99 

loo 

101 

!102 
il03 

1 104 

1 105 
!l06 
:107 

108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
!115 
116 
,117 
1 118 
1119 
1 120 
121 
■122 
1123 
124 
1125 
126 
127 '■ 

1 128 

1 129 
130  ■ 
131 
132 

il3J 
1134 
135 
136 
1371 
138: 
139' 
140 
141 
1142 
1143 
141 
;i45 
!146 
|147 
148 
il4.1 
150 
ilol 
152 
:i53 
154 
155 
156 
157 
158 
159 
160 
161 
1162 
1163 
164 
165 
166 
167 
168 
169 
170 
171 
172 
173 
174 
175 
176 
177 


22,1903  1  cavalry. 
24.1903  qm.  dept. 
25,1903,14  cavalry. 
2,1903  sig.  corps. 


1*.1903  ins.  geii.(iei)t. 
21, 1903  corps  of  eiiir. 
22,1903|in.s.  gen. dent. 


.M.A.IOUS— Cou^iuuer/.  I 

Chynowetli,  E<tw...Dec.    5.1902  17  infantrv. 
Plummer,  Kdw.  lI.Dec.  31.1902  :;  inlau  rv. 

Head,  RobL.  D Jan.   16, 1'.Hl.i  10 cavalry. 

Swift,  Eben Jan.  24,1903  9 cavalry. 

.Morrow,  Henry  M.Jan.  27.1903  j.  a.  g.  dep(. 

Burr,  lOdward Jan.  29,19o:>  <orps  of  eii.g. 

Lockett,  James Jan.  30,1903  4  cavalrv. 

Kirbv,  Henrv Feb.    4,190:;.18  iniautrv. 

i  Howe,  Edga r  W. . . . Feb.  10.1903,27  in lant  rv. 
'Clarke,  .loseph  T.  ..Feb.  13,1903'med  dept. 
Blocksom,  Aug.  P.Feb.  IT, 1903, ins.gen. dept. 
S'.uitli,  Robert  S.... Feb.  19,1903'pay  dept. 
lieacli,  Lansing  H.  .Feb    20.1903  corps  of  eng. 
Gaston,  Joseph  A.. Feb. 

Knight.  .Tohu  T Feb. 

Scott,  Huv^h  L Feb. 

( i  reene,  Frank Mar. 

Reber,  Samuel Mar.   2, 1903jsig.  corps. 

Squier,  (Teorue  O  . .  .Mar.    2, 1903  sig.  corps 
Dunning, Sam';  W.  .Mar.  19, 1903; 20  infantry. 
I'arson.  John  7>i.,.Ir.Apr.  12, 1903, qm.  dept. 

Zinn,  George  A Apr.  13.1903  corps  of  eng. 

McCormick,L;»vd  S.Apr.  I5,.1903;ins.  gen. dept. 
'  Riplev,  Henry  L. . . .  Apr.  15, 1903;8  cavalry. 
Parteilo,  Jos.  M.  T.  .Apr.  17,1903,25  infantry. 
Galbraith,  Jacob  (i.  Apr. 
Langtitt,  Wm.  C . .  .Am'. 

Erwin,  James  B Ai)r. 

Morgan,  George  H.Apr.  27.1903!a.g.dej)t. 
Bougliton,  Dan"l  H.-Mav  25,1903(11  cavalry.    { 
Truitt,CliarlesM...Jnne  23.1903'n.  g.dept.      ■ 
Bethel,  Walter  A.  .  .July  15.1903  j.  a.  g.  dept. 
Sickel,  Hora,  io  G. .  .July  16.1903,12  Qitvalry. 

Bell,(Jeorsre,  Jr lulV  26,1903;ins.  g,-n.dept 

Hart,  William  JI    .  .Julv  27, 1903;sub.  dept.      . 
Clarke, Charles  J.  T.JulV  29,1903'26'infaiilrv. 
Parke,  John  S.  ,.lr.  .July  31. 19a3!]4  infantrv. 
Ireland, Marritte  W.Aug.   3.1903;med.  depl. 
.\f cCby,  Frank  B. . .  .Aug.    8, 19()3|l7  infantry 

Fisher,  Henrv  C Aug.   9. 1903!  med.  dejit. 

Xoyes,  CharlL-sR.  ...Aug.  12,1903fa.g.  dept. 
Blatchford.  R.  1^1. .  .Aug.  13,1903|11  infantr.v. 
Beacom,  .lohu  U.  ..Aug.  14,1903,6  iufaulrv. 

Ma}%  Willis  T Aug.  14, 1903  15  infantrv. 

Baxter,  John  E. ..  .Aug.  15,190.:|(im.  dept. 
Hearn,  Lawnmce  .J.Aug.  1.5,1903jJl  infantry. 

Johnson,  F.  O Aug.  16,1903;2  cavalry. 

Zalinski,  Moses  G  .  .Au,l'-.  17, 1903, qm.  deiU. 
siocuni,  Herbert  J.  Aug.  26,1903,2  cavalry .  < 
Wright,  Walter  K.Aiig.  26.1903|    iiifantrv.  ' 
Pendleton,  Edw.  P.Aug.  26,1903  8  9  infantry. 
fi-ionUaouser,  H.  A.  Sept.   3. 1H03, 221  infantry., 1 

Shaw.  Henry  A Sept.  22, 1903:  med.  dept. 

Penrose,  Chas.  W..Oct.    15,1903;25infantrv. 
Howell.  Diniel  L...X0V.  2t.l.»03  18  infantry. 
Holloway,  Geo.  T...Xov  30,1903i|)ay  dept. 
Winship,  Blantou..  Jan.    4,1904!j.a.g.dept. 
K»^riian.  Francis.!.  .Jan.  20.1904  j5  iiilanirv. 
Wood,  Winthrop.S.  Jan.   20.1904 
San  ford.  James  C.  ...Ian.  22.1904 
Baker,  Chauncev  B.Jaii.    22.1904 
Chittenden.  H.  J*I. .Jan. 
(4ambrill,  Wm.  G....Ian. 
Kennedv.  (Ihase  W.faii. 

Keleher,  T.  J) Ian. 

Davis,  Alex.  M .Mar. 

Grinilh,Thos.  W,...Mar. 
Mclver,  George  W .  ]Mar. 
Richardson.  W.  P..Ai)r. 

Fiarth,  Charles  H \pr. 

I'itch,  Graham  J). ..  .Apr, 


23. 1904 
23,1904 
24.1904 
25. 1904 
17.1904 
29.1904 
29.1904 
7,1904 
7.19.)4 
23. 1904 


Gaillard,  D.du  B...Apr.  23.1904 


Tavlor.  Hirrv .A  pr.  23,1904 

Sibert,  William  L...Apr.  23. 1904 
Ivuhn,  Joseph  E....Ai>r.  23.1904 
Craighill.  Wm.  E-.Anr.  23.1904 
Newcomer,  II.  C.Apr.  23.r.i04 
Patrick,  M'SOU  M..A!)r.  23.19J4 
Kietrer,  Charles  F..Apr.  26,1904 
Nicholson,  Wm.  J...Mnv  13.1904 

Richc,  CharlttsS Uiiic  11.1904 

Swift,  Henry Juue  14,1304 


qm.  dept.     , ,, 
corps  of  eng^  j 
qm.dej)t. 
corps  of  eng. 
paj'  dept . 
V.  g.dept. 
pay  dei)t. 
sub.  deiit. 
8  infantry. 
20  infantry. 
9  infant'fyv. 
12  infantry, 
coi  j)s  of  eng. 
corps  of  eug. 
CO!  pa  of  eng.. 
corps  of  eng. 
corps  of  engi- 
corps  of  eng. 
corps  of  eng. 
corps  of  en J5,- 
med.  dei)t.  17 
7  cavalry, 
corps  of  eng, 
chaplain. 


The  Army. 


m 


FIKLATIVE  rank:  OF  T!Ili  .SUPEUIOU  OFFICERS  OF  THE  REGULAR  ARMY-Cb»<m»ec/. 


Xjime,  H-ink,  siid  Date  of  Co:niiii8sian. 
_Xovemt>er   1,  1907. 


178  Pierce,  Charles  C...Jiino  14.1904 


Corps  or  Regi- 
ment and  Corps. 


chaplain. 


179  NVilIiamson,rT.McK..Iuiie  25. li<04  iim,  dept. 


l»o  Russel,  Edgar 
I'^I  Foster,  Fred.  \V. 
1«2  Skive  IKS,  riios.  H 
18a  sianlev,  David  S 
1H4  Rees.  Thomas  H 

l-io  Huiidy,  Omar 

1*^  Brown,  William  C 


187  Winter,  Francis  A..  .\iis 


..Iiilv    6.1904  sig. corps. 
...lulj-    8,1904  oca valr3-. 

.Jiilv    9. 1904  qni.  dept. 
..Inly  10,1904  qm.  dept. 
..Tnlv  11. 1904 .corps  of  eng. 
..Iiilv  12, 190Jti  infant rv. 

Julv  28,190413  cavalry, 


,1904 


nied.dept. 


tned.  dept. 
pay  dept. 


188  Piirviauce,  Wm.  E.Aug,  14.1904 

189  Pickett,  George  E..Sept.    6,1904 

190  \>o:  ter,  Cliarles  L. ..  Sept.  14, 1904  corps  o"f  eng. 

191  Brewer,  Filwiii  P.. Sept.  15  19()4j 7  cavalry. 

.Sept.  17,1904  ord.  dept. 
.Oct.    20, 1904; 26  infantry. 
.Nov.    5, 1904i4  infantry. 
.^Cov.   5.1904  23  infantry. 
.Dec.     5, 1904j  nied.dept. 

197  Stamper.  Willsou  Y.Dec.  16,19(1413  infantry. 

198  McCalloch.C.C,  Jr.Jan.  19,1905  ined.dei)t. 

199  Dntin.  Beverly  \V^...Ian.  19,1905iord.dept. 

,.lan.  19, 1905  sni).  dept. 
.Feb.  16,190oicorps  of  eng. 
.Feb.  28. 1905, Phil,  scouts. 

Feb.  28,1905' Phil,  scouts. 

.Feb.  28.1905  Phil,  scouts. 

(*i|Hntton,  Franklin  S.Feb.  28,1905  Pliil.  scouts. 

202  Brett,  Llovd  M Mar.  iiO,  19051  cavaliv. 

203  Reynolds,  Fred' k  P.Mar. 

204  Woodson,  Roberts. .Apr. 

205  Goldman,  Henrv  J..Ai)r. 

206  Blanvelt,  Wra.  F...Apr. 

207  Macomb,  Aug.  C Apr.  10,1905  9cava]ry. 

208  ("urry.  Manly  B Apr.l3,1905ipav  dept. 

209  Hartertv.  Wm.  C... Apr.  14, 1905, coast  art. 


192  fjssak,  Ormond  'Si. 
\n  Hatch,  Everard  K. 

194  Shanks,  David  ('... 

195  Allaire,  Wm.  H  .. 

196  I )eshon,  George  D. 


200(;allagher,  Hugh  J 
201  Shunk,  Francis  R.. 
(*)  Duncan,  (George  B 
(*/  Mearus,  Robert  W 
(*)  Rockenbacb,  S.  D 


31.1905  med.dept. 
6.1905  med.dept. 
8.1905  12  cava! rv. 
9. 1905,16  iidantfv. 


210  r.ewis,  Thos.  J. 

211  Xewcomb.W.  P.. 

212  Phillips.  Chas.  L. 

213  Bailey,  Ghas.  J... 
214;  I'owusley.  C.  P. 


.Apr  22.1905(13  cavalry. 
.  May  20, 1905  coast  art. 
.June  8, 1905  coast  art. 
..Tune  11.1905;coast  art. 
. .  June  20. 1905  coast  art. 


20.1905  29infantrv. 

28,1905  26  in fantiv. 

2,1905  10  cavalry. 


215j  Mercer,  Wm.  A June 26, 1905  11  cavalry, 

216iBarney,  Gpo.  F June  30, 1905, coast  art. 

217|H:allock,  TIarrvM..Ju!y   1,1905  med.  dept. 
218!  Hodges,  H.  C.,  Jr. . . .  JulV  1.5, 1905  1  infantrv. 

219  Hirst, Robeit  L fnlv 

220  Roberts,  Harris  L.    .July 

221  Grierson, Charles  H.  Antr. 

222  Dawes, .Tames  W. . . .  Aui,'.  12.1905:  pav  dept." 

223  Chattield,  Walter  H.  Aug.  15  1905  27  infantrj'. 
2241  Fechet,Eugene  O Aug.22.1905|sig.  corps. 

225  Ruthers.Georire  W.  Ans^-.  28.1905i.sub.  dept. 

226  Rumboijgh, David  J.Sept.l6,1905;3  field  art. 

.Oct.     4,1905  pav  dept. 

..Oct  '    ■ 

.O.n 
Or. 


227  Canb  V.James 

228  Morrison,  John  F.. 

229  Wilkins.  Harry  E, 
23U  Rowan,  An di'eu  S 

2.31  G^^ary,  William  L. .  .Oct. 

2.32  J ervey,  Henry Oct. 

233  Benson, Harrv  C Oct. 

234  Sands, George  H  . . .  .Oct. 

235  Andrus.Fnuik  B.. .  Oct. 


6. 1905|20  infantry. 

6,1905  sub. dept. 
11,1905  loinlantrv. 
13.1905  snb.  dept. 
15, 1905  corps  of  eng. 
20.1905il4cavalrv. 
20, 1905  10  cavalry. 
30,1905  12  infantry. 


2-36  Harmon,  :^^ ill ard  F.Nov.  7.1903  coast  art. 

237  Cronkhite,  A Nov .24. 1905  coast  art. 

238  Schotield.R.  McA  . .  Dec. 

239  McKinstrv,Chas.H  J;in. 

240  Saltzman,  C.  McK .  .Feb. 


241  Hunter,  ('ha.s.  H 

242  Steed  man, Rich.  R 

243  Treat,  Charles  G.. 

244  Trippe,  Percv  E  . . 

245  Foote,  Stephen  M. 

246  Judson,Wm.  v.... 

247  Cotter,  John 

248  VanDeuseu.Geo.W.Mar 

249  Dick  man,  Jos.  T  . . 

250  Brooks,  John  C.  W 


.  Feb. 
.Feb. 
.Feb. 
.Feb. 
.  Feb. 
.Mar. 
.Mar. 


15.1905  qm.  dept. 
1.19(  5  cori)S  of  eng 

10.1906  sig.  corps. 


16  1906 1  coast  art. 


1906  6  infantry 
19,1906  ins.  gen.  dept 
21. 1906 i 3  cavalry. 
24,1906  coast  art. 
2,1906  corps  of  eng. 
3,1906  9  infantrv. 
3,1906  2  field  art. 
Tifar.    7, 1906  13  cavalry. 
Mar.  16,1906  coast  art. 


2.51  Straub,  Paul  F Mar.  17  1906  med.  dept. 

252  Sage, William  H. .  ..Mar.  23,1906  a. g.  dept. 

253  Bartlett, George  T.  .Mar.  26, 1906, coast  art. 


Name,  Kaiik,  .sud  Kat"  of  Cotninission . 
Novetniier   1,  \9)»'i. 


254 
255 
256 
257 

258 
259 
260 
261 
262, 
263: 
264 
265 
266 
267 
268 
269 
270 
271 
272 
273 
274 
275 
276 
277 
278 
1279 
'280 
281 
282 
283 
284 
285 
(*) 
286 
287 
288 
289 
290 
291 
292 

;293 

;294 
i295 
J296 
1297 
^298 
'299 
'300 
301 
1302 
1303 
304 
305 
306 
307 
308 
309 
310 
311 

;312 

313 
'(*) 
314 
315 
316 
317 
318 
319 
320 
321 
322 
323 
324 
325 
326 
327 
328 
329 
330 
331 


Corps  or  Hegi- 
ment  and  Coips. 


}>l  .KiOKs  —  <\.'i  mt  hnud. 

Stark,  Alex. N Mar.  29,1906 

Vates, Arthur  W....Mar.  31. 1906 

Bennett,  Chas.  A Apr.     1,1906 

Lvnch,  Charles Apr.    2, 1906 

Winslow.E.Evel'h..Apr.    2,1906 

Goodin.  James  A Apr.    5,19()6 

Millar,  Edward  A. ..Apr.  14.1906 
Stivers,  Charles  P..  .A pr.  44. 19o6 
Flagler.aem '  t  A.F.-^l ay    5. 1906 

Root.  Ed wi u  A Ma  v  25, 1906 

Kulp,Jobn  S May  '2J6.V.m 

Hale, Harry  C Jimc  15  1906 

Davis,  Heiiry  C June  22,19o6 

Thomuson,  .lohu  T.June  25  19ii6 
Tagirai't,  Klmore  F.  .June  9^  1>H)6 
Wiieeler. Charles  B.Juiie  25,1906 
Peirce.  William  S. .  .June  25  1906 

Jiurr. George  W June  25,1906 

Ruggles.C.  L.'H June  25.1906 

Horney, Odus  C June  25  19o6 

Montgomery,  Geo..Jmie  25,1906 

Dickson, Tracy  C June  25,1906 

Fuller,  Lawson  M-.June  25  1906 
Jamle.son.Chas.  C. .  .June  25.1906 

Joyes,John  W June  25  1906 

Hotfer,  Jav  E June  25.1906 

Harding, Chester.. ..June  27.1906 

Laudis,J.F.  R June  30.1906 

Faison,  Samson  L..June  30  1906 
Ridgwav,  Thomas.  .June  30,1906 
Ruckman,  .lohn  W.Juiie  30,1906 
Crabbs,  .Toseph  T. .  .June  30, 1906 
Howland,  Harry  S..  June  30.1906 
Hasbroiick,  Alfred. Julv    2,1906 

Kreps.  Jacob  V Tidv    3.1906 

Munson.  Edward  L.July  11.1906 

Cabell.  Henry  C July  13, 1906 

Perkins,  Frederick.  Aug.  7.1906 
West,  Parker  W. . . .  Aug.  20,1906 
Burnham,  Wm.  P..Auij.  20.1906 

Harts. Wm,  W Sept.  9,1906 

Arrasmith,  Jas.  M...sei)t.  11.1906 

Foltz.Fredk  S Sept. 13, 1906 

Gardner,  John  H. .  .Sept.  13,1906 
Lvnch,  John  R . .-. . .  .Sept.  13. 1906 

Jadwin.  Edgar Sept.  26,1906 

Stone,  William  P. .  .Sept.  30.1906 
Stevens,  Charles  J. .Get.      1.1906 

Havnes.  Tra  A Oct. 

Walke,Willonghby.Oct. 

Carleton,  (Uiy Oct. 

Hancock.  Wm.F.. .  Ovt. 

("onklin,  John Oct. 

Johnston,  Wm.  H...Oct. 
.Atkinson,  Benj.  W..Oct. 
Dugan,  Thomas  B..Oct. 
Ptirssell,  Benj.  M... Oct. 
Beall. Fielder  M.  JM.Oct. 
Morton,  Kenneth. ..Nov. 

Nichols,  Miiury Dec. 

Hart,  Patrick  J Dec. 

Munro,  .Tames  N Dec. 

\^nce,  Zebulon  B..Jan. 
Keller,  Charles Jan 


1.1906 

1.1906 

2.1906 

3.1906 

3,1906 

6,1906 

20, 1906 

28,1906 

30, 1906 

31  1906 

12.1906 

2  1906 

5,1906 

5  1906 

1  1907 

11.1907 

19,1907 

25.1907 


:\rcDoua'd.  John  B.Jan. 

Lewis,  Isaac  N Jan. 

Stnrgis.  Samuel  D..Jan.  25,1907 
Benton,  ElishaS....Jan.  25.1907 
Hawthorne,  H.  L...J}>n.  25,1907 
Willco.x,  C.  DeW...Jan.  25,1907 
Barrette,  John  D....Jan.  25,1907 
Hubbard,  Elmer  W.Jan.  25,1907 

Cree,  John  K Jan.  25.1907 

Berrv.  Lucien  (i Jan.  25,1907 

McMahon,  John  E..  Jan.  25,1907 
Menoher,Cliarles T.Jan.  2»,190: 

Mott,  T.  Bentley Jan.  25. 19(i7 

Stevens,  G.W.  S....Jan.  25,1907 
Davis, Richmond  P.. Jan.  2.5,1907 
Hinds,  Ernest Jan.  25,1907 


med.  dept. 
qm.dept. 
coast  art. 
nied.  dept. 
corps,  of  eng. 
7  infantrj'. 

5  field  ait. 
sub.  dept. 
corps  ol  eng. 
19  infantry, 
iiied.  depl. 

a.  g.  deiit. 
coast  art. 
Old.  dejit. 
24  infantry. 
Old.  dept. 
Old.  dept. 
Old.  dept. 
Old.  dept. 
ord.  dept. 
Old.  dept. 
ord.  dept. 
Old.  dept. 
ord.  dept. 
ord.  dept. 
Old.  dept. 
corps  of eng 

6  cavalry 
24  infantry, 
coast  art. 
coast  art. 
qm.  dept. 
Phil,  scouts. 
14  infantry. 
22  infantrj-. 
med.  dept. 
14  infantry. 

13  infantry. 

14  cavalry. 

7  infantry, 
corps  of  eng. 

15  infantry. 

15  caval  ry. 

1  cavalry, 
pay  dept. 
corps  of  eng. 
coast  artillery 
5  cavalry. 

a.  g.dept. 
coiist  artillery 

4  cavalry, 
coast  artillery 

2  field  art. 

16  infantry. 
4infantry. 
12  cavalry. 
18  in  fan  try. 
28  infantry, 
ord.  dept. 
3infantVy. 
chajilaiu. 
Philip,  scouts 

5  infantry, 
corps  of  eng. 
15  cavalry, 
coast  artillery 
1  field  art. 
coast  artillery 
coa.st  artillery 
coast  artillery 
coast  ai  tillery 
coast  aitillery 
coast  artillery 

3  field  art. 

6  field  art. 
1  field  art. 

4  field  art. 
coast  artillery 
coast  artillery 
a.  g.  dept^ 


•  Bank  of  Major  temporarily. 


mi) 


The  Ai'nij/. 


i«k.-,s;S5Sp 


EELATIVE  RANK  OF  THE  SUPERIOR  OFFICERS  OF  THE  REGULAR  ATX^Y -Continued. 


Nam«,  Kauk,  and  I^atf?  of  (■ommis8i"n. 
Nov.  mbvr  1.  1907. 


e 


832 
S83 
334 

336 
33o 
337 
838 
33H 
340 
341 
342 
343 
344 
345 
346 
347 
34« 
34t< 
350 
351 
352 
353 
354 
355 
356 
357 
358 
359 


Name,  Uank,  and  l)ate  of  ('ominissi' 
NoTembiT  1,  1907, 


MAJORS— ConttiiiK'd. 

Robinson,  Wirt Jan. 

Landers,  (.ieor;,'e  F.  .Jiui. 
(Tatcl)ell,(jeorKe  W..Jiin. 

Straub,  Oscar  I Ian. 

Schumm,  H.  V Jan. 

Hunter.  Alfred  M Ian. 

Hayden,  .John  L Jan. 

March,  PeterC Jan. 

Wilson,  I'ugeue  T..Jan. 
Blake,  Edmund  M..Jan. 

Ellis,  Wilniol  E Jan. 

O'Neil,  JohnP Jan. 

Swobe,  Thomas Feb. 

Deakyne,  Herbert. .Mar. 
Mclutyre,  Frank... Mar. 
Simpson, Wendell  L.Mar. 

Dentler,  V.   E Mar. 

Kennedy.  James  ZSI.Mar. 
Thomusou,  J.  K....Mar. 

Williams,  C.  C Mar. 

Kenly,  William  L... Apr. 
llaan,  William  Ct.  ..Ai)r. 
.lordan,  Sidney  S....Apr. 
Harroll,  Morris  K....\pr. 
Stanton,  (!harles  E..  Api'. 

Hi  vers,  Tyree  R Apr. 

Allen,  Henry  T Apr. 

Howard,  Deaue  CApr. 


20, 

25, 

25. 

25, 

25, 

25. 

25. 

25, 

25. 

25, 

25, 

31, 

16, 

o 

"1 

o 

*'i 

7. 
12, 
20, 
26. 
26, 
j>, 
9, 
11, 
13, 
15. 
18. 
20, 
24, 


1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 
1907 


Co  ps  or  Itegl-  M 
then t  and  Corps, 


coast  artillery 
coast  artillery; 
coast  artillery! 
coast  artillery  i 
coastartillery 
coast  artillery 
coa«t  artillerj' 
6  field  art. 
coastartillery 
coast  artillery 
coast  artillery 
30  infantry, 
qm.  dept. 
corps  01  eng. 
1)U.  ins.  af. 
19  infantry. 
23  infantry, 
med.  dept. 
16  infantry, 
ord.  dept. 
5  field  art. 
coast  arlillerj' 
a.  g.  dept. 
coast  artillerj- 
pay  dept. 
4  cavalry. 
8  cavalry, 
med.  dept. 


360 
361 
362 
363 
364 
365 
366 
(*) 
(') 
367 
368 
369 
370 
371 
372 
373 
374 
375 
376 
377 
378 
379 
380 
381 
382 
383 
384 
385 


I  .MAJOKS  — Co?J^ 

Stj'er,  Henry  1) 

Fremont,  !•'.  P 

Wilson,  William  11. 
^^kerrett,  Delamen;. 
Bromwell,  Chas.  S., 

Cosby,  Spencer 

Foster,  ArtluirB  ... 
IMcMasier,  Geo.  H . . 
Kimball,  Amos  W. 
Stevens, Pierre  C... 
Freeman, Samuel  D 

Hof,  Samuel 

McGUichlin,  E.  F.. 

Sewell,  John  S 

Anderson,  Wm.T. 
Slaughter,  B.  H.... 
Tschappat,Wm.  H. 

Aj'er,Wal'Jo  E 

Noble,  Robert H... 

Rice,  John  H 

Cole,  Henry  G 

Morse,  Benj.  G 

Finley,  John  P 

Day, Frederick  R... 

Carnpbell,  A 

Heard,  John  W 

Reichmann,  ( 'arl. . . 
Mclndoe,  James  T. 


in  Hf'd. 

.May  6,1907 
.INI ay  25,1903 
.Mav  10,1907 
.May  27,1907 
•  June  7,1907 
June  9,1907 
June  15,1907 
June  30, 1907 
.July  3.1907 
.July  23.1907 
.July  24,1907 
.Aug.  9,1907 
.Aug.  12,1907 
.Aug.  27,19071 
.Aug.  29,1907 
.Sept.  4,1907 
.Sept.  19, 1907 
.Oct.  1,1907 
.f>ct.  4,1907 
.f>ct.  10,1907 
.Oct.  13,1907 
.Oct.  20,1907 
.Oct.  23,1907 
.Oct.  25,1907 
.Oct.  29,1907 
.Oct.  31,191  7 
.Nov.  8,1907 
.Nov.  15, 1907 


Cv'ips  or  Hegi- 
tneut  iind  C^rps. 


29  infantry. 

5  infantry, 
med.  dept.       i 
coastariillery, 
corps  of  eng.    - 
corps  of  eng. 
Phil,  scouts. 
Phil,  scouts, 
qm.  dept. 
pay  dept. 
9  cavalry, 
ord.  dept. 
4  field  art. 
corps  of  eng. 
chaplain, 
pay  dept. 
ord.  dept. 
9  infantry, 
liufantry. 
ord.  dept. 
sub.  dept, 

27  infantry. 

28  infantry. 

30  infantry, 
coast  artiilerj' 

6  cavalry. 
24  infantry, 
corps  of  eng. 


FIELD    OFFICERS    OF^REGIMENTS    AND    OF    THE    ARTILLERY    CORPS. 


First  Cavah~!i. 
Col.  George  is.  Anderson. 
Lt.-Ool.  E.  J.  McCleruand 
]Mai.  Joseph  A.  Ga.stou. 
IMaj.LloydM.  Brett. 
Maj.  John  H.Gardner. 
I         Second  Cavalry,  f 
Col. Frank  West.      V 
Lt.-Col.  Levi  P.  Hunt. 
IMaj.  Fred'k  W.  Sibley. 
Maj.F.  O.Johnson. 
Maj.  Herbert  J.  Slocum. 
'  Third  Cavalry. 

Col.  Jos.  H.  Dorst. 
Lt.-Col.  T.W.  Jones. 
Maj.  Edwin  P.  Andrus. 
Maj.  William  C.  Brown. 
Maj.  Percy  E.  Trippe. 

Fourth  Cavalrii. 
Col.  Edgar  Z.  Steever. 
Lt.-Col.  George  A.  Dodd. 
;Maj.  James  Lockett. 
Maj.  Guy  Carletou. 
Maj.  Tyree  R.  R.vers. 

Fifth  Cavalry. 
Col.  Walter  S.  Schuvler. 
Lt.-Col. Geo.  K.  Hunter. 
Maj.  Hoel  S.  Bishop. 
Maj.  Fred.  W.  Foster. 
Maj.  Charles  J.  Stevens. 

Sixth  Cax^alry. 
Col.  Alexander  Rodgers. 
Lt.-Col.  Mat  thias  W.  Day 
Maj.  Ben.  H.  Cheever. 
Maj.J.F.  R.  Landis. 
Maj.  John  W.  Heard. 

Seventh  Cavalry. 
Col.  Frederick  K.  Ward. 
Lt.-Col.  J.  F.  Guilfoyle. 
Maj.  John  Pitcher. 
Ma;.  Wm.  J.  Nicholson. 
Maj.  Edwin  P.  BreWer. 

Eighth  Cavalry. 
CoLH.P.  Kingsbury. 
Lt.-Col.  C.  -M.  O'Connor, 
Maj.  William  A.  Shnnk. 
Maj.  Henrv  L.  Rii)lev. 
,HIuj.  Henry  T.  Alleil 


*  Ninth  Canalry. 
Col.  Peter  S.  Bomus. 
Lt.-Col.Chas.  H.  Watts. 
Maj.  Eben  Swift. 
Maj.  Aug.  C.  Macomb. 
Maj.  Sam'l  D.  Freeman. 

Tenth  Cavalrj/. 
Col.  Jacob  A.  Augur. 
Lt.  Col.  Geo.  H.  G.  Gale. 
Maj. Robert  D.Reed. 
Maj.  ( '.  H.  Grlerson. 
Maj.  George  H.  Sands. 

Eleventh  Cavalry. 
Col.  James  Parker. 
Lt.-Col.C.H.  Murray. 
Maj.  Homer  W.Wheeler 
Maj.  D.  H.  Boughton. 
Maj.  William  A.  Mercer. 

Twelfth  Cavalry. 
CoL  John  B.Kerr. 
Lt.-Col.  F.  A.  Edwards. 
Maj.  Horatio  G.  Sickel. 
Maj.  H.  J.  Cioldman. 
Maj.  Thomas  B.  Dugan . 

Tliirteenth  Cax'alrv. 
Col.  Chas.A.P.  Haliield. 
Lt.-Col.  Walter  I,.  Finley 
Maj.  Charles  W.  Taylor. 
Maj.  Thointis  J.  Lewi.s. 
Maj. Joseph  T.Dickman. 

Fourteenth  Cat^alry. 
Col. Edward  A.Godwin. 
Lt.-Col.  Juo.  C.  (iresham. 
Maj.  Hugh  L.  Scott. 
Maj.  Harry  C.  Benson. 
Maj.  Parker  W.  West. 

Fifteenth  Cavalry. 
Col.  Joseiih  Ciarrard. 
Lt.-CnL  F.  H.  Hardie. 
Maj.  William  D.  Beach. 
Maj  Frederick  S.  Foltz. 
Maj.  John  B.  McDouald. 

Fir.nt  Field  Artilleiy. 
CoL  Henry  M.  Andrews. 
Lt.-Col.  Edw.  T.  Brown. 
•Maj.  Samuel  D.Sturgis. 
M.aj.  Charles  T.  Meuoher 


Second  Field  Artillery. 
CoL  Svdney  W.  Tavlor. 
Lt  -Col.  Chas.  W.  Foster. 
Maj.  G.  W.  Van  Deu-sen." 
Maj.  John  Conklin. 

Third  Field  Artillery. 
Col.  Lotus  Niles, 
Lt.-Col.  E.  St.  J.Greble. 
Maj.  Havid  J.  Rumbough 
Maj.Lucien  G.  Berry. 
Fourth  Field  Artillery. 
Col.  Alexander B.  Dj'er. 
Lt.-Col.  Ed  ward  E.  Gayle 
Maj.  T.  Bendey  Jlott. 
Maj.E.F.  McGlachliu.Jr. 

Fifth  Field  Artillery. 
CoL  Ramsay  D.  Potts. 
Lt.-Col.  Granger  Adams. 
Maj.  Edward  A.  Millar. 
Maj .  William  L.  Keuly, 

Sixth  Field  Artillery. 
Col.  M.  M.  Macomb. 
Lt.-Col.  Eli  D.  Hoyle. 
Maj.  John  E.  McMahon. 
Maj.  Peyton  C.  March. 
Artillery  Corps. 
Colonels. 
C.  Morris. 
G.G.  Greenough. 
W.  F.  Stewart. 
W.  Howe. 
R.  H.  Patterson. 
J.  D.  C.  Ho.skins. 
H.  L.  Harris. 
J.  A.  Lundeen. 
M.  Crawford. 
G.  N.  Whistler. 
.\.  S.  Cummins. 
C.  D.  Parkhurst. 
J.  P.  Wis.ser. 
G.  F.  E.  Harri.son. 

Lleutenant-ColOHPK 
^.  R,  Williams. 
W.  B.  Homer. 
W.  H.  CofflDL 
A.  Todd. 
A.  Slaker. 
H.  H.  Ludlow. 
W.  R.  Hamilton. 


C.  Deems. 
J.V.White. 

E.  M.  Weaver. 

F.  Marsh. 

C.  G.  Woodward. 
S.  E.Allen. 
A.  C.  Blunt. 
Majors. 
W.C.  Raflerty. 
W.  P.  Newcoml>. 
C.I^  Phillips. 
C.J.Bailey. 
C.  P.Townsle}'. 

G.  F.  Barney. 
M.  F.  Harmon. 
A.  Cronkhite. 
C.  H.  Hunter. 
S.  M.  Foote. 
J.C.  W.  Brooks. 
G.  T,  Bartlett. 
C.  A.Bennett. 
H.  C.  Davis. 

T.  Ridgway. 
J.  W.  Ruck  man. 
W.P.Stone. 
W.Walke. 
W.F.Hancock. 
I.  N.  Lewis. 
E.S.  Benton. 
H.  L.  Hawthorne. 
C.De  W.  Willco.x. 
J.I).  Barret te. 
E.W.Hubbard. 
J.K.Cree. 
(i.  W.S.  Stevens. 
U.  P.  Davis. 
W   Robinson. 
(J.  F.  Landers. 
G.  W.Gatchell. 
U.  I. straub. 
H.  C.  Schumm. 
A.M.  Hunter. 
J.  L.  Harden. 
E.  T.  Wilson. 
E.  M.Blake. 
W  E.Ellis. 
W.G.  Haau. 
M.K.  Barrel  I. 
D.Skerrett. 
A.  Campbell. 


«Si^ 

The  Anny. 

m 

THE  ARMY— C07i//»uccZ. 

FIELD  OFFICERS  OF 

REGIMENTS  AND  OF  THE  ARTILLERY 

CORPS- 

-Conth 

med 

First  Infantry. 
Col.  Geo.  K.McGiuiuegie 
Lt.-Col  James  S-  Kugei'S 
Maj  Will    A   Nichois 
Mai  H  C  Hodges,  J  r 
Maj.  Robert  H.  Noble, 

Second  Infantry. 
Col.  F.  W.Maiistield 
Lt-Col  C.  61  J  Cliubb. 
Maj    Nat  P.  Fluster. 
Ma].  Edward  H.  Browne. 
Maj .  Harry  L.  Eai  ley. 

Tfiud  Jnj'anlry 
Col  Tlios.C,  Woodbury. 
Ll.-Col    Leu  Febiger. 
Maj.  Edw   H.  Plummer 
Maj  Wilson  V.  Stamper. 
Maj.Maurj'  Nichols. 

Fuarih  Infantry 
Col.  Edwin  B'  Bulton. 
Lt  -L'ol  L.  A.  L<:)Veriiig 
Maj.  .loliu  C    F.  Tillson. 
M'Aj.  I);i\-id  ('.  Shanks. 
Maj    Beuj    W.  Atkinson 

Fiflli  Infanl)-}/. 
Col  C'alvm  \)  Cowies 
lit  -0)l.  Robert  K.  Evans. 
Maj.  WallisO.  flark. 
Maj.Zebulon  B.Vance 
Maj.  Franci-s  P.  Fremont, 

Sixth  Iiifnnt)}j. 
Col.  .Joseph  \V.  Duncan. 
Lt.-Col.  Wm.  A.  Mann. 
Maj   .lolin  H    Beacom. 
Maj\Omar  Bundy. 
Maj.  R    H.  Steed  man 
Scxentli  Infantn/. 
Col.  Daniel  Cornman. 
Lt.-Col.  Robert  N.Gettv. 
Maj    ArthnrC.  Ducat 
Maj.  .lames  A  Ooodin 
Maj.  Wm   P.  Biirnham. 

Eiphtli  Infantni 
Col.Fred  k  A.  Smith. 
Lt.-Col.  R.  L  Bullard 
Maj.  Colville  P.  TerretL 


Maj.  Reuben  B.Turner. 
Muj.  Waiter  K.   Wright. 

Mntli  Infantry. 
Col.  Charles  J.  Crane 
Lt.  Col    W^in.  C    Buttler 
Maj.  Wilds  P.Richardson, 
Maj   John  Cotter. 
Maj    Waldo  E.  Ayer 

Tentli  Infantry. 
Col   Henry  A   Greene 
Lt.-Col.  George  K.  Cecil. 
Maj.  L    W.   V    Keiinon 
Maj.  Robert  C.  Van  VUet 
Maj.  William  L.  Buck. 

Eleventli  Infantry 
Col.  Richard  T.Yeatmau. 
Lt.'Col.   Wm.  P  Ev^Hiis. 
Maj.  James  B   Jackson 
Maj.  Pierce  M  B.  Travis 
Maj.  Rich.  M.  Blatchlord 

Tirrlftli  Infantry. 
Col.  Leven  C.  Allen. 
Lt.-Col.  Robert  F.Ames. 
Maj.  Jolin  S  Mallory. 
Maj.  Chai  ies  H.  Barih. 
Maj.  Frank  B.  Andrus. 

T/ilrteent't  lnjuntry. 
Col    Robert  H..  It.  Lough. 

boroush. 

Lt.-Col.  Wm.lT.C.Bowen. 
jMaj    Ale.xis  R    Pa.xtou. 
I  Maj.  Hunter  Liggett 

Maj    Frederick  Perkins 

Foiirteent/i  Infantry. 
Col  John  C.  Dent 
Lt.-Col.  James  A  Irons. 
ISIaj.  Johns.  Parke.  Jr. 
Maj\  Alfred  HasbroucU 
Maj    Henry  C  Caoell. 

Fifteentfi  Tnfantry. 
Col  Walters. Scott 
Lt.-Col.  ArthurWilliams. 
Maj.  Willis  T.  Maj\ 
Maj.  AS  Rowan. 
Maj  J.  M.  Arrasmith. 


Sixteent/i  Infantry. 
Col  Coriielnis  Gardener. 
Lt.-Col    R.  H    Wilson. 
-Maj    W.  F  Blauvelt. 
Maj.  Wm.  H.  Johnston. 
Maj.  Jas.  K.  Thompson. 

Sevenleendi  Infantry 
Col.  John  T  VaiiOrridale. 
Lt.-Col   Charles  Byrne 
Maj   James  A.  Maney 
Maj.  Edw.  Chynoweth. 
Maj.  Frank  B.  McCoy. 

Eajliteentli  Infantry. 
Col.  Thomas  F.  Davis. 
Lt.-Col.  Wm.  Paulding. 
Maj    Henry  Kirby 
Maj.  Daniel  L.  Howell. 
Maj.  Benj.M.  Purssell. 

Nineteentli  Infantry 
Col.  Jos.  F.  Huston 
Lt.-Col   Frank  B   Jones. 
:Maj   James  B   (loe 
Maj    Ed  will  A    Root 
Maj.  W  L.  Simpson. 

TwentiP/h  Infantry 
Col.  Marion  P  Mans. 
Lt.-Col  Henri'  R-  Moon. 
ISIai.S   W.  Dunning 
Maj.  George  VV  Mciver 
Maj  John  F.  Morrison. 

Tiventii-firxt  Infant rir 
Col.Chas'  .'^.Williams. 
Lt.  -Col  Geo.  S.  'S'onng. 
Maj.Georgfc  Palmer 
Maj.  Lawrence  J  Hearn 
Maj.  H.  A  Leonhaenser 

Ta<rntij- second  Infantry 
Col.  Al f red  Reynolds 
Lt.-Col  George  F  Cooke 
Maj. Daniel  A  Frederick. 
Maj   Abner  Pickering. 
]Maj.  Jacob  F  Kreps.- 

Tiven ty-ttii rd  Infantry. 
Col.  Philip  Reade. 
Lt.-Col.  Edwin  F.  Glenn 


Maj.  HenrvH.  Benham. 
Maj.  Wm.  H  Allaire. 
Maj  Clarence  E.  Denller 

Twenty -fouriti  Infantry 
Col.  Daniel  H.  Brusn. 
Lt.-Col  A.  A    Augur 
Maj    Elmore  F  TaggarL 
Maj.  Samson  L  Faisoii. 
Maj   Carl  Keichuianu. 

Twenly-flftli  Infantry 
Col.  Ralph  \W.  Hoyt. 
Lt.-  Col.  Hobart  K.  Bailey 
Maj  Jos.  M.  T    Partello. 
Maj.  Chas.W.  Penrose. 
Maj.  Francis  J .  Kernaii 

Twenty- sixlli  Infantry 
Col  Chas.  A  Booth. 
Lt.-Col. E    E,  Hardin 
Maj  Charles  J  T.Clarke. 
Maj    E  E  Hatch 
Maj.  Harri-5  L  Boberts. 

Twenty-seven  til  Infantry. 
Col    Wm.  L.  Pitcher 
Lt-Col   iMillardF.  Waltz 
Maj   Edgar  W.  Howe 
Maj    W^H  Challield 
Maj.  Beiij. C.Morse. 

Twenty-etfilUli  Infantry 
Col.  Owen  J   Sweet 
Lt    Col.  Silas  A.   Wolf 
Maj.Thos.  W^Grltl1lh. 
Maj.F^  M  M   Beall. 
Maj.  John  P  Finley. 

Twentu-nintl)  Infantry 
Col.  Benj  C  I-ockwood. 
Lt.  Col.  Chas.  W.  Mason 
.Maj. Edwin  P.Pendleton 
Maj  Robert  L  Hiist 
Maj.  Henry  D.Styer. 

ThirtietJi  Infantry 
Col.  Edward  B.  Pratt 
Lt  -Col.  Alfred  C  Sliarpe. 
Maj   W.  R  Abercrombie 
Maj   Joseph  P.  O'Neil. 
Maj.  Frederick  R.  Day. 


MILITARY    DIVISIONS    AND    DEPARTMENTS. 


Department  of  the  East.— Xew  England, 
New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania.  Delaware. 
Maryland,  District  of  Columbia,  West  Virginia, 
Virginia,  Porto  Rico  and  islands  and  keys  adja- 
cent thereto,  headquarters.  Governor  s  Island. 
N.  Y.     Commander,  Maj. -Gen.  Fred'k  D  Grant 

Department  of  the  Gulf.  — North  Carolina. 
South  Carolina  Tennessee.  Georgia,  Florida,  Ala- 
bama, Louisiana  and  Mississippi,  headquarters, 
Atlanta,  Ga.  Commander,  Brig.-Geu.  J.  M.  K. 
Davis. 

Dkpart.mevt  of  the  Lakes.  —  Wisconsin. 
Michigan,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Kentucky . 
headquarters,  Chicago,  111.  Commander,  Bilg.- 
Geu.  William  H   Carter 

Dehartme.vt  of    the    MrssotTRT.— Missouri 
Iowa,  Nebraska.  South  l)akf)ta,  Wyoming (e.\oept 
Yellowstone  National  Park)  and    Kaii.sas;  head- 
quarters, Omaha,  Neb.  Commander  (iem|>orartly), 
Brig.-Gen.  Charles  Morton. 

Department  of  Dakota. —Minnesota.  North 
Dakota,  Montana,  and  the  Yellowstone  National 
park;  headquarters,  St.  Panl.Miau.  Command- 
er, Maj. -Gen   A.  W.  Greely. 

Department  of  Te.xar.  —  Texas,  Arkansas, 
and  Oklahoma;  headquarters,  San  .\utoulo,  Tex. 
Commander,  Brig.-Gen.  A.  L.  Myer. 


Department    of  the   Colorado —Colorado, 
Utah,   Arizona,  and  New  IMexico,  headquarters 
Denver,  Col.      Commander,    Brig.-Gen.    Earl  D. 
Thomas. 

Department  OFCALrFORNtA— California,  Ne- 
vada, and  Hawaii,  headquarters.  San  Francisco, 
Cal      Commander,  Brig   Gen.  Frederick  Funston. 

Departme.vtoftii  k  Columbia  —Washington, 
Oregon,  Idaho  (excepting  the  Yellowstone  Na- 
tional Park),  and  .Alaska  headquarters.  Van- 
couver Barracks.  Wash.    Commander 

Philippines  Division.  —Embracing  Depart- 
ments of  Luzon.  Visayas,  and  Mindanao,  head- 
quarters, Manila,  P.I.  Commander,  Major-Gen. 
Leonard  Wood. 

Department  ok  Li'ZON. —Headquarters,  Ma- 
nila, P.I.  Commander,  Maj  -Gen.  J.  F  Weston 

Departmentofthk  Visayas.  —  Headquarters 
Jloilo,  P.  I.    Commander,  Brig.-Geu.  A.  L.  Mills 

DEPAiiTMENT  OF  Mi.s'DANAO  —Headquarters, 
Zamboauga.  P.  I.  Ccmmauder,  Brig.-Gen.  Tasker 
H.  Bliss. 

Armv  of  Cubast  Pacification. —Headquart- 
ers, Havana,  Cuba.  Commanaer,  Brig.- Qeu. 
T.  H.Barry. 


m 


i^auat  M'liUld. 


^f)t  ^rfiautjftr  an^  sanorflanifeTr  jmilftfa  of  tijc  2a»  <S. 

CoMPiLKD  for  Thk  World  Almanac  from  the  latest  oBiclal  reports. 
The  Militia  law  of  January  21.  1903,  provides)  "That  the  militia  shall  consist  of  every  able- 
bodied  male  citizen  of  the  respective  Stales  *  *  *  and  shall  be  divided  iuto  two  classes-ihe 
orgauiaed  militia,  to  be  kuowu  as  the  National  Guard  *  «  «  or  by  sncli  other  designations 
asmay  besriven  them  by  the  laws  ol  tlie  respective  States  or  Territories,  aud  the  remainder  to  bs 
known  as  the  reserve  militia. ' '       


States  and 
Territoriks. 


Official  Desigoation  of  the  Organized 
Militia. 


*H    ^    S3 


2c 

*"  2 

c  « 


Al;ibaiiia .. 

ArizOD.i.... 

Arkansas 

California  

Colorado. . 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  ColiHiibia. 

Florida 

Georgia  . . 

Hawaii 

Idaho   


Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas . 

Kentncky 

Louisiana 

Miiinf 

Maryland..  ..  . 
Massachusetts.  . 

Michigan 

Minnesota....  . 
Mississippi..  . .  . 

Missouri  

Montana. , 

Piebr.aska 

Nevada  (b) 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico. .   . . 

New  York 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota.     . 

Ohio..   

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania.  .. 
Khode  Island... . 
South  Carolina. . 
South  Dakota.  . . 
Tennessee.    .... 

Texas 

Utah ... 

Vermont. 

Virginia. ...... 

Washington   .  . .. 

West  Virginia... 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


:z. 


Alabama  National  Guard 

National  Guard  of  Arizona 

Arkansas  National  Guaid 

National  Guard  of  California 

National  Guard  of  Colorado 

Connecticut  National  Guard 

Organized  Milltia  of  Delaware... 

National  Guard  of  District  of  Columbia. 

Florida  State  Troops 

National  Guard  of  Georgia 

National  Guard  of  Hawaii 

National  Guard  of  Idaho 

Illinois  National  Guard 

Indiana  National  Guard 

Iowa  N  ational  Guard 

Kansas  National  Guard 

Kentucky  Slate  Guard 

Louisiana  State  National  Guard 

National  Guard  of  the  State  of  Maine.. 

Maryland  National  Guard 

Massachusetts  Volunteer  Militia 

Michigan  National  Guard 

National  Guard  of  Minnesota 

Mississippi  National    Guard 

National  Guard  of  Missouri 

National  Guard  of  Montana 

Nebraska  National  Guard 

Nevada  National  Guard 

New  Hampshire  National  Guard 

National  Guard  of  New  Jersey 

National  Guard  of  New  Mexico 

National  Guard  of  New  York 

North  Carolina  National   Guard 

North  Dakota  National   Guard 

Ohio  National  Guard 

Okl.ahoma  National  Guard 

Oregon  National  Guard 

National  Guard  Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island  National  Guard 

National  Guard  of  South  Carolina 

South  Dakota  National  Guard 

National  Guard  of  Tennessee 

Texas  National  Guard 

National  Guard  of  Utah 

National  Guard  of  Vermont 

Virginia  Volunteers 

National  Guard  of  Washington 

West  Virginia  National  Guard 

Wisconsin  National  Guard , 

Wyoming  National  Guard 


Total. 


13 

2 

33 

25 

10 

i6 

10 

75 

16 

20 

6 

5 

57 

17 

7 

23 

13 

19 

8 

20 

27 

2: 

24 

20 

22 

8 

7 

10 

19 

53 

3 

67 

47 

10 

82 

5 

8 

75 

21 

20 

8 

1 

57 

6 

4 

10 

14 

19 

b 

6 


l,li>9 


Cav- 

Artil- 

alry. 

lery. 

199 

225 

39 



*222 

*i92 

*no 

48 

*115 

240 

.... 

■^97 

389 

'soi 

*4i5 

'168 



»178 

.... 

*  63 

«294 

*i86 

'«73 

•  ■  .  . 

«2-;o 

1,048 

*132 

:158 

■  ■  •   . 

:205 

43 

77 



152 

'*72 

"■43 

'*76 

"ei 

*204 

162 

«54 

*696 

ji.ogy 

69 

48 

*207 

J3f4 

*26 

xn 

.... 

78 

537 

139 

«I14 

106 

■  •  *  * 

'«80 

107 

39 

»215 

66 

»66 

«127 

217 



*69 

"68 

"69 

.... 



4.710 

7,1481 

Infantry. 


1,769 

27t; 
i,;29 

12,255 

t415 

t2,.;99 

39-i 

t 1,200 

+1,230 

t'.'.(i;« 

M19 

4S8 

+5,-190 

■tJ,898 

t2,713 

tl,151 

*tl,43.i 

780 

1,225 

tl.876 

+4,196 

+2,195 

+1,835 

+1,05.=. 

+l,83t; 

+516 

+I,2i2 

+1,093 

4,074 

201 

+11,217 

+1,873 

+588 

.  +?,228 

4-3 

1898 

+9,317 

+809 

l,7.-.0 

551 

+1,-J00 

1.854 

+279 

+600 

1,673 

+59fl 

*917 

2,159 

+360 


Tot.nl 


Reserve 

Organized!  ,,'^'''"'^' 
^Iilitia      (Uiiorgan- 
izid). 


2,196 

;;17 
1,362 

2,n94 

61:-! 
2.780 

403 
1,:72 
1,246 
2.745 

425 

•193 
6,140 
2.093 
2,720 
1,237 
1,-148 
1,279 
l,v33 
1.9r.9 
5,571 
2,512 
2,064 
l,ly.=' 
2.010 

534 

1,374 

10 

1,293 

4.493 

258 

14.2;i4 

1.989 

646 
5.841 

531 

984 
9,»88 
1,050 
1,770 

639 
1,663 
2,169 

351 

731 
1,900 

tl82 

936 
2,904 

356 


92,226     I    105.213 


175,(100 

35,UuO 
300,0011 
260,000 
126.136 
in;, 735 

30,887 

62,634 

2-.'8,o43 

200,000 

8,000 

58,000 
1,021,172 
645,113 
33.;,135 
330,354 
330,000 
360,000 
104,'.15 
175,000 
514,262 
644,000 
21b,000 
389,604 
3(0,000 

40,000 

127,718 

8,903 

40,000 
514,998 

45,000 

l,4(i;,940 

225,000 

60,100 
l,0s6,110 

50,1  00 

100,000 

1,047,984 

8.^,000 
100.000 

6v,i:84 
390,000 
400,000 

26,740 

46,600 
250,000 
163,000 
137,1.00 
438.472 

15,000 


13,821,696 


(a)  Includes  non-commissi..iied  st  iff.    (  li )  The  companies  tliat  compose  I  the  org  .uized  militia  were  mustered  out  May  20,  1906. 

*  Includes  Mounted  Signal  Corps.     +  Includes  Ambul.iiice  Corps.     }  Inc  hides  Engineer  Corps. 

Ala.ska  has  no  militia,  though  provision  is  made  for  such  if  need  arises.  Guam  and  Samoa  each  has  a  small  provisional  force 
used  m  .re  fo  police  purposes  tniii  fur  military.  The  Pliilippines  have  a  constabulary  force  which  can  be  us.d  either  for  police 
or  war  pirpo.Hes,  provi.U  d  the  l:itter  is  c.n  the  islands,  Porto  Kico  has  a  pro  visional  regiment  of  8  comj.anies  of  infantry  whuh 
is  attached  lo  ih  ■  army,  700  foot  and  100  mounted  men,  100  nou-com'nissi.ned  officers,  and  26  officers,  the  whole  under  command 
of  a  lieuteuiiiil  colonel  of  the  United  States  Army.  The  reserve  militia  in  the  Southern  States  is  assumed  to  include  negroes 
capaUe  of  bearing  arms. 

Kabal  fHflitia. 

Thk  Naval  Militia  is  now  orsranized  in  sixteen  states  and  the  Di.'^trict  of  Colnmbia.  as  follows: 


Commis- 

State. 

sioned 

En'isted 
Meu. 

Officers. 

Calif ornii   .. 

46 

37S 

Connecticut... 

22 

178 

I).  Columbia 

16 

304 

Georgia.     . . . 

14 

140 

Illinois 

54 

637 

Louisiana..,. 

48 

623 

Maine 

4 

64 

Maryland.. . . 

20 

202 

Mass 

34 

482 

Michigan    ... 

23 

255 

Minnesota  .. 

13 

121 

Commanding  Officer. 

C  ipt.  Geo.  W.  Bluer. 
Cm.l.  ¥.  S.  Cornwell. 
Comd.  8.  W.  Strati. in. 
Cmd.  H.  S   C<dding. 
Capl.  \V.  K.  I'ur  !y. 
Capl.  .(.  N.  BoNti.  k. 
Lieut.  E.  G.  Scully. 
Could.  K    H.  Wagner. 
( Vacancy. ) 

Comd.  K.   D.  Staudish. 
Comd.  (Juy    A.  E.ton. 


Statb. 


Missouri  . . . 
New  Jersey. 

Nw  York.! 
N.  Carolina. 
Ohio 


Pennsylvania 
Hliode  Island. 
8.   Carolina.. 


Commis- 
sioned 
Officers. 


10 
30 

i'\ 

42 
25 

"s 

17 
25 


Enlisted 
Men. 

107 
302 

608 
300 
185 

'87 

•      179 

175 


Commanding  Officer. 

Comd.  VV.  I".  Rolierts. 
Com.E.McC.I'eters.lBl  Bat 
Comd.  A .  de  Uiiger,  2d  Ba 
Capt.  J.  W.  Miller. 
Caj.t.  T.  C. Daniels. 
Lt.-Com.A.Mckletf,lst  Bat 
Lt.-Com.K.K.Semon,2d  Bat 
Comd.CW.Kuschenberger 
Comd.  V\  m.  C.  Bliss. 
Lt.-Com.  C.  L.  Du  Bols. 


secretary  of  the  -Vavy,  who  transact* 
uartennagters-ti.neral )  of  the  States, 
if  Commauder  A.  £.  Gulvers,  U.  S,  N< 


All  mitt-rs  relating  t..  ih  ■  .Nav 
all  business  with  the  Naval  .Militia 
The  officer  iu  the  Navy  Deparliueut 


ai  Mi  it. a  come  uu  t.r  the  i-.igniz  lUce  of  the  Assistant 
through  the  (toveruors  and  Ailiutaiit8-(feneral  (orCi 
,  VVasbiugton,  having  charge  ot  Naval  Militia  matters 


The  Kavy. 


663 


W^t  Nabj>. 


Rank. 
Rear-Aduiiral. 


FLAG    OFFICERS. 

ADMIRAL. 
Ba^ik.                    yame.                                                   Duty.  Where  Stationed. 

Admiral George  Dewey Senior  Member  General  Board Wa-shington,  D.  C. 

JREAR- ADMIRALS. 
Name.  Duty.  Wfi^re  Stationed, 

..Robley  D.  Evans CommandiDg  Atlantic  Fleet Flagship  Connecticut. 

Casper  F.  Goodricb  .  .Commandant  Navy  Yard,  New  York. .New  York.  N.  Y. 
Charles  M.  Thoma-s.  .Comdj;:.  3d  Div..lst  f<q.  Atlantic  Fleet..  Flatrsliip  Minnesota, 

James  H.  Dayton  ..Commanding  Pacific  F'ieet Flagship  \Vest  Virginia. 

Charles  S.  Sperry Comdg.  4th  Div.,  2d  ^q.  Atlantic  Fleet.  Flagship  Alabama. 

William  T.  Bnrwell.. Commandant  Naw  Yard,Puget.Sound.  Bremerton,  Wash. 

Robert  M.  lieri-y Com.  X.Yd..Nurto'lk,and5thNav.  Dist.  Xoilolk,  Va. 

Samuel  W.  Very Commandant  Naval  Station,  Hawaii.  ..Honolulu,  H.  I. 

\Vm.  T.  Swinburne  ..Comdg.  2d  Squadron  Pacific  Fleet Flagship  Charleston. 

Josej)h  X.  Hemphill. .Comdg.  3d  Squadron  Pacific  Fleet Flagship  Rainoow. 

William  H.  Kmorv. .  .Comdg.  2d  Div.,  1st  rSq.  Atlantic  Fleet.  Flagship  Georgia. 
George  A.Bicknell|^'o»"™^"'^'^"t     Navy     Yard,.    Forts- 1  Portsmouth, 

\     month,  and  1st  Naval  District j  jtoiiouiuuiu, 

John  P.  Merrell....  /President   Naval   War  College,    and  )  Newport 

\    Commander  2d  Naval  District j^><r»puiL, 

Eugene  H.C.Leutze.Commandant  Navy  Yard,  Washington.  Washington,  D.  C. 

Uriel  Sebree Comdg.  Special  Service  Squadron Flagship  Tennessee. 

Albert  R.  Coudeu..,. President  Naval  FJx.  and  Ret.  Boards.. Washington,  D.  C. 
Edw.  C.  Pendletou..Commandant  Navy  Yard,  League  Isl.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Albert  Ross Com.  Naval  Tr.  Station.  Great  Lakes.. North  Chicago.  111. 

Richardson  Clover... Pres.  Board  In.spection  and  Survev Washington,  D.  C. 

James  M.  Miller Governor  Naval  Home  Philadelphia,  Pa« 


t( 

«< 
<« 
It 


N.  H. 


R.  L 


It 


tt 
tt 


RET 


IRED    LIST 


Eank. 


Name. 


Residence. 

Rear-Ad.Seth  M.  Ackley Washington,  D.  C. 

Cipriano  A  ndrade. . . .  X'ew  York,  N.  \'. 

George  W.  Baird Washington,  D.   C. 

George  B.  Balch Concord,  N.  H. 

Charles  J.  15arclay...Brookline,  :Mass. 

Albert  S.  Barker Washington,  D.  C. 

Alexander  B.  Bates.. Binghamton.N.Y. 
Warner  B.  Bayley.  ..Washington,  D,  C. 
John  V.  B.  Bleecker.Morristown,  N.J. 

George  M.  Bonk San  Antonio.  Tex. 

Royal  B.  Bradford. ..  Washington,  D.  C. 

George  Brown Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Willard  H.Brownson.Chf.Bu.  Navigation 
William  G.  Buehler.  .Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Silas  Case}'. Washington,  D.  C 

French  E.  Chadwick.  Newport.  R.  I. 

Colby  M.  Chester B. Equip.,  W'  n,D.C. 

Charles  E.  Clark Leave  abroad . 

James  K.Coe-swell... Portsmouth,  N.  II. 
Joseph  B.  Co;,'lilan...New  Yoik.X'.  Y. 
Geo.  P.  Col vocoresses. Litchfield, Ct. 
George  A.  Converse.. Pre.s.  Bd.on  Constr. 

Francis  A.  Cook ,NortJiampton,Mass 

Philip  H.  Cooper Morristo\vn,X".  Y . 

Charles  S.  Cotton Leave  abroad. 

Frank  Courtis Washington, D.C. 

Joseph  E.  Craig Wa.shington,  D.  C. 

Bartlett  J.  Cromwell.  Washington,  D.  C. 
A.  S.  Crowuinshield.  .Seal  Harbor, :Me. 

Charles  H.  Davis Washington,  D.  C. 

Benjamin  F.  Dav Glasgow,  Va. 

William  P.  Day Leave  abroad. 

Francis  H.  Delano..  .Portsmouth,  X'.H. 
Francis  W.  Dickins.  .Washington,  D.C. 

Franklin  J.  Drake Gasport.  N.  Y. 

Andrew  Dunlap Washington,  D.  C. 

Nehemiah  :\L  Dyer.. Melrose,  INlass. 

Joseph  G.  Eaton Boston,  IMass. 

James  Entwistle Paterson.  X.J. 

Henry  Erben Xew  York. N.Y . 

William  H.  Everett.  Washington,  D,  C. 
Oscar  W.  Farenholt..San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Wells  L.  Field Annapolis. Md. 

William  M.  Folger.  ..Windsor,  Vt. 

John  D.  Ford Tnsp.  Bu.St.  Eng. 

Charles  T.  Forse Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

James  M.  Forsyth..  ..Shamokin.  Pa. 
Samuel  R.  Franklin  .Washington,  D.  C. 

Perry  Garst Annapolis,  Md . 

Edward  H.  Gheen. .  .Washington,  D.  0. 
William  C.  Gibson.  ..Brooklvn,  X.Y. 

Henry  Glass  . Pacific  Naval  Dist. 

James  G.  Green New  York,  N.  Y. 


Rank.  Name.  KexiJence. 

Rear- Ad. Franklin  Hanford Scottsville,  N.  Y. 

"•         D.  B.  Harmony Washington,  D.  C. 

"         P.  F.  Harrington Jamestown.  Exp' n. 

'•         John  M.  Hawlev Washington,  D.  C. 

"         Francis  J.  Higginson.fold  Spring,  N.  Y'. 

"         John  A.  Howell Warrenton,  Va. 

*•         Henrv  L.  Howison  . .  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

"         John  J.  Hunker New  York,  N.  Y. 

'*         Charles  T.  Hutchius.  Washington,  D.C. 
' '        George  E.  Ida Xew  Y'ork,  N.  Y. 

Richard  Inch Washington,  D.  C. 

"         Theodore  F.  .lewell.  .Washington,  D.  C. 
"         Mortimer  L.Johnson. Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

Theodore'  F.  Kane. .  .New  York,  N.  Y. 
' '        Louis  Kern pff San  Francisco,  CaL 

Harrv  Knox Anuapolis.Md. 

' '         Ben.  P.  Lamberton,.  Washington,  D.  C. 
"         Edwin  Longnecker..Wernersville,Pa. 

"  •      John  Lowe Washington,  D.C. 

'•  ;      Stephen  P.  Luce Newport,  R.  1. 

"  >      Nicoll  Ludlow New  York,  X.Y. 

Henrv  W.  Lvon, Paris.  Me. 

•'         M.  R.'S.  Mackenzie.. Morristown,  X.J, 

Alfred  T.  Malian Quogue,  L.  I. 

Washburn  Mavnard.Xarragansett.  R.  I 
' '         Henry  N.  Maiiuey.  ..Washington,  D.  C. 
"         Henry  B.  Mansfield.  New  York,N.  Y. 

"         Ed.  O.  Matthews Cambridge, Mass. 

'*         Alex.  H.  Mccormick,  .\iinapolis,  :Md. 
"         Bowman  H.  INIcCalla.Santa  Barbara,Cal. 

"         John  McGowan Leave  abroad. 

■♦'         William  W.  Mead.. . .  T>eave  abroad. 
"         John  F.  :Merrv Somerville,  Mass. 

Joseph  N.  Miller New  York,  X".  Y. 

Merrill  Miller Berkeley,  Cal. 

Robert  W.  Milligan..  Norfolk,  Va. 

Chas.  S.  Norton Westfield,  N.  J. 

Charles  O' Neil Washington.  U.C. 

Thoma.s  Perrv Port  Deposit,  Md. 

George  W.  Pigman..  Annapolis,  Md. 

EbenezerS.  Prime.  .Huntington.  N.  V. 

Francis  M.  Ramsaj'..  Washington,  D.  C. 

John  J.  Read Mt.  Holly,  N.  .L 

Allen  V.  Reed Wa.shington,  D.  C. 

William  H.  Reeder.. Leave  abroad. 

George  C.  Reiter Light  House  Board. 

George  C.  Remev Wa.shington.  D.  C. 

Henrv  B.  Robeson..  .Walpole,  N.  H. 

Chas.'  IL  Rockwell.. Chatham,  Mass. 


I « 

i  i 

(  4 
<< 
t  ( 
4  4 
<< 


4« 
t  4 


4  < 
•  C 


Frederick  Rodgers. 
Cliarles  H..  Roelker 
James  H.  Sands  — 
Winfleld  S.  Schley. 


.Washington.  D.  C. 
.  Washington,  D.  C. 
.  Washington, D.  C. 
.Washington,  D.  C. 


664 


77i6  N'avy, 


THE  '^ XV Y— Continued. 


Hank.  Name.  Rfsidnire. 

Bear- Ad. Charles  I).  Sigsbee...  V7ashiiiptoii,  D.  O. 

John  Schoiiler Annapolis.  Md. 

Thos.  O.  Sellridge,  ..\ViishinKton,I).C. 

Frederic  Singer New  Orleans,  r.a. 

Jolin  A.  B.  SmitU I  nsp.   Rii.  St.  Eng. 

Albert  S.  Snow Brookline.  Mas.s. 

Arthur  B.  Spcyers. . .  r,eave  abroad. 

Oscar  F.  Stanton New  London,  Ct. 

Thomas  H.  Stevens.  Washington,  1).  C. 

Yates  Stirling Baltimore.  Md. 

Charles  IT.  Stockton., Washington.  D.  C. 

Edward  T.  Strong XndoA'er.  :>rass. 

George  \V.  Sumner.. Patchogne,  Ij.  T. 
Fred'k  M.Svmonds.  (^alesville,  Wis. 
Silas  W,  Terry Washington,  I).  C. 


>  • 
It 

« t 


I    Jianf:.  Name.  nenaerice. 

Rear- Ad. Chapman  C.  Todd... Lexington,  Ky, 

.Joseph  Trilley San  Fninclsco.Cal. 

John  H.  Upsliur   ....Washington,  D.  C. 

Asa  Walker Annapolis,  Md. 

George  H.  Wadleigh.  Dover,  N.  H. 

KugeneW.  Watson.. Washington,  D.  C. 

John  ('.  Waison Louisville,  Ky. 

Aaron  W.  Weaver..  .Washington,  I).  C. 

Harrie  Wohster Bichmohd,  Va. 

CHRord   H.  West Brooklyn, N.  Y. 

William  H.  Wbiting.New  York.  N.  Y, 

George  F.  F,  Wilde.  .North  Easton,I\rass. 

William  A.  Windsor. New  York.  N.  Y. 

William  C.  Wise Washington,  D.  C. 


•  * 
>» 

•  t 
k« 
t« 

i« 

(4 
t» 
(i 
t  • 


RanA-. 
CJonimodore. 


•  « 


Name.  Residence 

.William  II.  Beehler.Key  West,  Fla. 
(Charles  G.  Bowman. Redlands.  fal. 

James  H.  Bull Santa  Barbara,Cal. 

B.  G.  Davenport....  Wasliington,D.C. 

Rogers  H.  Gait Norfolk,  Va. 

James  H.Gil  1  is.. Melbo'ne  Beach, Fla. 

W.  S.  Moore Duxbury,  Mass 

J.  A.  II.Nickels Richmond.  Va. 


COJIMODOKES.  * 
KKTIEKD  IjIST. 


Rank. 
Commodore. 


Name.  Residence. 

.Nathaniel  T  K.  Patch... Boston.  .Mass. 

R.  L.  Phvthian Annapolis, Md. 

Karl  Rohrer . . . Naval  Sta. .San  Juan. 
Frank  E.Sawyer.. Newton ville.Mass. 
H.N.  Steven.s6n...Insp.Mach.Bu,Eng 

W.H.Turner Cincinnati, O. 

A.  V.  Wadhams,Wadhams  Mills,  N.  Y. 
Rush  R.  Wallace...Washiagtou,  D.  C. 


•The  grade  of  Commodore  on  the  active  list  has  been  abolished. 

The'followingare  the  dates  of  future  retirements  of  iVar-Admirals  (named  in  the  order  of  their 
rank)  now  on  the  active  list  ior  age  limit,  under  the  law:  Roblev  D.  Evans,  August  18,  1908;  Caspar 
F.  (Goodrich.  January  7,11>09;  Charles  M.  Thomas,  October  1.  1908;  James  H.  Dayton,  October25, 
1908;  Charles  S.  Sperrv,  Septembers.  1909;  William  T.  Barwell,  Julvl9.  1908;  Robert  M.  Berry, 
January  28.1908;  Samuel  W.  Verv,  April  2:1,1908;  William  T.  Swinburne,  August  24,  1909;  Joseph 
N.  Hemphill.  June  18,  1909;  William  IT.  Emorv,  December  17.  1908:  George  A.  Bicknell,  May  16. 
1908;  John  P.  ]Merrell,Sent.7, 1908;  Eugene  H."c.  Leutze.  Nov.  16,1909;  Uriel  Sebree, Feb.  20.1910; 
7\lhert  R.  Couden,  Oct.  30.  1908;  Edwin  C.  Pendleton,  Mav  27.  1909;  Albert  Ross,  Jan,  3,1908; 
Richardson  Clover,  July  11, 1908;  James  M.  Miiler,May  23,  1909. 

THE  NAVY. 

The  active  list  of  the  Nav.v  comprises  1.785  commissioned  and  453  warrant  officers  on  the  active 
list,  and  641  commissioned  and  76  warrant  otticers  ou  the  retired  list.  The  enlisted  strength  allowed 
by  law  is  38,500  men  and  apprentice  seamen. 

mart^t**  oonps 

The  United  Stales  Marine  Corps  consist's  of  a  force  of  311  officers  and  6,000  men.  Brigadier- 
General  George  P.  Elliott  is  commandant. 

_,     hen  Congress 

Before  tlie  end  of 

avy  were  nt 

as  formally 

CAPTAINS    OF    THE    NAVY-ACTIVE    LIST-NOVEMBER    30,    1 907. 


Kamb. 


AVil  iani  Swift 

tUrrison  (i.  O.  Colby, 

I.cavitt  C.  I>ogan 

Conway  H.  Arnold... 
Williams.  Cowles...., 
Edward   1).  Taussig..., 

.Tohn  E.  Pillsburv 

Charles  AV.  Kae 

Ailolpli  Mariz , 

Kaymr.nd  I'.  U'jiigers.., 
lloyal  II.  Inpersi'il  .... 

Seat m  Scbroeder 

Ki'  hard  Wainwright. . 

Th  8.  C.  M.  Lean 

William  .1.  Baniette... 

Edwin  K.  Moore 

John  A.  Uodgers.. 

.Tames  n.  Adams 

(jotifried   Blocklinger. 

AVilliam  ['.  I'otter 

Nathan  E.  Xlles 

r.iles  R.   Ilarber 

Newton  E.  .Mason 

Charles  P.  Perkins..., 

Arthur  P.  Nazro '. 

William  W.  Kimball., 

L'riah  R.  Harris 

Edward  H.  B.irry 

H»-rc>ert  W  Inslow.  . .. , 


Present  Duly, 


Commission 


Com.  X  ivy  Yi.rd,  Boston.  Feb.    9,19ii'.' 

Clig.N.lte.-.  Sta. .Boston.  1.1  line  1^,190- 

..Cora.X.  v.,  rens:i'l.i,Kla. Lluly  n,liiO-J 

.  I.Nav  il   VVi.r  C-lleje [.Sept.!  T,19t)'.' 

.  jChi,f  Bu.  of  Equipment.  |N.iv.  'i,19U2 
.  IXavy  Yd.,  League  l.^laud.  iXov.    'i,\Wi 

.jOeneial  Board     : Nov. •-•1,1902 

.  Ichief  Bureau  of  St.  Eng.|,Iaii.  4.1903 
.  ;.Sui"-rvso  Xftval  Aux.T.lMi  r.  21,1903 
.'Chief  liitellgeuce  ofKceriMar.  21,1903 
.  iChJef  of  .St;'.flE,  Atl.  lleetjMar.  21.19"3 

'>m.  Vi.-^Mili Aug. 10,1903 

Com.  T,ouisi.Tn'i .Vug.  10,1901 

Xav.il  War  College Sei.t.23.r.»« 

MnmLer  Genril  Bo»rd..|()ct.  11,1903 

X:ival  Ev.&  U.t.  Bcirds 

Inspr.  r..  M..  3d  Dist.... 

Navy  Yard,  New  Vurk 

Nav>  'N'ard,  New  York 

('Oil.  Vermont 

C"m.  !  laucook, 

Com.  Mane 


Namk. 


O.t.  11,1  "03 
.  IDi-c.  27.1903 
. ;i>e.-.  81,190: 
.'.lunp  1,19(1-1 
.'Sep;.13,I9'i4 
.Sept. 13. 1904 
.  S.i,t.3u.l9u4 


(.'h'ef  Bure-.iuOrdiance. .  Sep'. 30. 1904 

, 'I'Mcific  N'avril  Dlsi 

,  iCom.  AVa',a-h.  ' 

.  ;N:ival  Exam.  Bo ird»  ... 
,  Com.  N:ivai  Sta.,  C  iv.t«, 
,  \:ival  KbC.  Sl,i..  N.  Y... 
.  \V   itji'if  ord«  ■^ 


Oct.  3.19114 
!l>ec.28,19ii4 
I.Ian.  t2.  I9ti5 
n-Vb.  1V>,19IIS 
I. Mar.  31,1905 
i  Apr.i!-.'.1'.0.5 

(fnaa  fii,  |e>4 


Thomas  S.  Phelps 

Tiieoioiif  Porter 

Daniel  D.  V.Stuart 

KosBiith  Niles 

Dennis   H.  Mahau.-    ... 

Albert  F.  l>ixon 

Samuel  P.  Comly 

.lohn  II  ubbai  d 

Alezand' r  McCrackiu.. 

f!e"r>;e  L.  Dyer 

Cc-w  n  P.  lieivs 

L-  wis  C.  Heilner 

.Iiise|>h  B.  Munlock 

llu'io  <')sterhaus 

lAlbeit  C.  Dillitigh.im... 

l.Iohn  B.  Collins , 

Ch.-vrlis  K.  Vreeland  ..., 

Nat'ian  Sargent 

(ireenlief  A.  Merri.tta. . , 

l.lchn  B.  Milton 

■Aa-.oi  Ward 

Sid;ey  \.  Slaunlon.... 

Chiries  W,  Barilett.... 
Ch-iuncey  Thom."i,s 

Wiliam  A.  Mar-h.ill.. 

jienry  .Mo(;rea 

;K.iw.!f..   K.  •♦tmUroUgh 

l.iio)«n  V. limit   . . . 

Wuj.  It.  II.!?-uiti9rlRn 

I (>)i«t  1««    lit  I'Vjt,. ,:,,.; 


Present  Duty. 


,Y'd 


Com.  Mare  Islami  N 

XaVil  Home 

Xavy  Yard,  Norfolk 

(Jen.  Ii'spector  Ordnatu  e. 

Xavv  Yiird,  Pugel  Sound. 

A-st.  t '  Bu.  St.'E-.g 

Light  House  Board 

C(im.  MiriDisota ... 

Mare  Islaid  Xavy  Yard.. 

Colli.  N.  Y.  Charleslrn.. 

.Navy  Yard,  riirtsiuoulh. 

W.  iti:g  orders 

Com.  Hh'iile  Island 

■Com.  Coniiecticui 

jsup;.x,iv.  'train  Service. 

('om.  Brooklyti 

!com.  Kans  iS 

i.Memb'r  (.cneral  Bo.ird.. 

Com.  .M'^S'^uri 

Icom.  West  Virfjinia 

iCoin.  Pennsylvania..... 

iCom.  Co'oradi 

;Coin.  f>hl' 

'Com.  Mrtrylaud 

ICa-t.,  Navy  Yar-I,  Boston 

.  iCom.  Georgia 

.INhvv  Y«r  I,  Washlngl'iO. 
.  .NiiV\  Yard.  Mart  lelmd. 


Coiiimiss  on 

'.luue2i>,lS'.'5 
riine.S0.190.i 
luly    1.1905 


,Iuly 
.Tuly 
.lulv 
.luly 
.luly 
~ept 


1,1905 
1,1  v06 
1,1905 
1,1'.  05 
*',1905 
8,1905 


d  f.'om.  New  .Terse.v,.,. 
,>f;?n.  t99uth  Dakota, 


Sept.y!0,19C5 
Sept.30,1905 
.T.n.  7,  190i 
.F::n. -.2.1906 
F.  b.  i9,19ii6 
Feb.  19.1906 
,Feb.  28,1906 
L\pl.  13,!V06 
Mav  13,1906 
.lune  fi,1906 
,)une  6,1906 
.lutie  6,1906 
,Iiine  12,1906 
.1une2'.t,19o« 
ijuly  1,1906 
l.luly  l,190u 
i.Tuly  1,1906 
duly  1,1906 
diilv  1,1901 
.UilV  22,l:'0« 
!Aoj.   J.H*"* 


The  N'avy. 


r.G5 


CAPTAINS  OF  TJIE  NAVY 


-ACTIVK  LlbT- 

Namk. 

Charles  B.  T.  Moore 

Ten  Eyck  D.  AV.  Veeder 

Alfr.-d  Keyiiolds 

John  M.  Kobiiisoii 

John  K.  Burton , 

Ivibeil  U.  Deni;^ 

George  H.  Pt-ters 

lirE'llcy  A.  Fiske 

Uamiltun  Uutcliins.... 

John  Jl.  Bowyer 

Cieorstf  B.  liunsom 

\Villiain  C.  Eatnn 


Conliiiued. 


Namb. 


John  C.  Freni"Ut. ,..,.. 

Albert  Merlz 

VincenJon  L.  Cutlman. 

'rhmiias  B.  Howaril 

Walter  C  Cuwies 

Austin  M.  Kui^iit.     .. . 

(.'barles  J.  Bailj^er 

Samuel  \V.  B.  Diehl 

Uegiualil  F.  Nicholson.. 
Kdiiiunii  B.  Underwood. 

Frank  A,  Wilner 

Henry  Morrell 


Present  Duty. 

N.At.Paris&St.P'tersb'g 
Insp.  Ord.  St.  Juliens  C'r. 

C'l'm.  California 

Com.  Tenueasee 

Ci'm.  Kentucky 

Com.  \Va.shingtiin 

Supt.  Naval  Academy... 

N:ivy  Department 

Com.  Nebraskii 

Mare  Island  .Navy  Yard. 
Capt.  X.  V.  Le.sgue  lsl;tnd 
Old. UfiE.  .Navy  Vd.,  N.  V. 


Commission 

<)ct. 

10,19U6 

Nov. 

2,1906 

Kel). 

8,19i'7 

Feb. 

•24,1907 

Mar. 

19,19ij7 

Jnlv 

1,1907 

lulv 

1,1907 

Juiv 

l,!907 

July 

1,19U7 

luiy 

1,190: 

July 

1,1907 

July 

1,1907 

Present  Duty. 


Com.  NaT.  8la.  Tutuila.. 

Com.  Alabama 

Com.  Franklin 

Com.   Independence 

League  Island  Navy  Vard 
Insp.  duty,  Bu.  Sl'm  Eng. 

Waiting    ordrrs 

Wailinx  ordeis 

Com.  K.ear>arge 

Com.  Illinois 

In^p.  duty,  Bu..St"m  Eng. 
iusp.u'ty,Ord.&  St'm  En. 


C')mmiNsioo 

July  1,1907 
July  1,1907 
July  l,I9n7 
July  b,ltf07 
July  S,19u7 
.luly  1-^,19U7 
Jaly  'J  -,1907 
.Vug. '-'8,19U7 
<>,t.  1  ;,1907 
Nov  8,19u7 
Nov.  8,1907 
Nov.  Ii,l'.i07 


COMMANDERS    OF    THE    NAVY-ACTIVE    LIST-NOVEMBER    30,    1907. 


Abraham  V.Zane 

John  K.  Edwards 

Stacy   Potts 

James  M.  Helm 

Albert  B.  AViliits 

Cameron  McK.  Winslow 

Isaac  S.  K.  Beeves 

York  Noel 

A leznnder  Sha ip 

Nathaniel   R.  Usher.... 

Frank  F.  Fletcher 

Harry  H.  Hosley 

Frank  E.   B^atty 


Moses  L.  Wood 

Uobert  M.  Doyle 

Wythe  M    Parks 

Frank  H.Bailey 

William  B.  Caperton... 

James  T.  Smith 

George  S.  Willits 

W.-»lter  F.  Worth!  ngton 

William  N.  Little 

Frank  H.  Eldridge 

Henry  C.  Gearing 

Templin  M.  I'otts 

Burns  T.  Wallin:; 

Cliifnrd  J.  Boush 

James  H.  Sears 

Abraham  E.  Culver 

Henry  T.  Mayo 

Cli.irles  C.  Ko^'ers 

.John  T.  Newton 

Benjamin  Tappau 

(;harles  F.  Pond 

Walter  McLe m 

Washington  I. Chambers 

James  C.  Giilmore 

Charles  A.  Gove 

DeWitt  Coffman 

Thomas  D.  Griffin 

Bichard  T.  Mulligan.... 
Wm.  Branuersreather  . . 
Francis  H.  Sherman. . . . 

William  S.  Hogij 

Keynold  T.  Hall 

Williiim  F.  Fullam 

Albert  G.  Winterhalter. 

J  ohu  M.  Orchard 

Augustus  F.  Fe'hteler. . 

Edward  E.  Wright 

Albi-rt  Gleaves 

James  P.  Pariier 

Hen  W .  Ho  Iges 

llerLert  O.  Dunn 

Albert  W.  Grant 

H'  rare  W  Harrison  ... 
Valentine  S.  Xtlson  .... 

William  S.  Btnson 

Frank  M.  Bostw  ck 

Harry  M.  Dnmbaugh... 

Thomis  S.  Uodgrrs 

John  ti.  Quinby 

James  H.  Glennon 


I  Insp.  duty,  Bu.  StmEng. 
iXavy  Yard,  Portsmouth. 
I  Muget  .Sound  Navy  Yard. 

!  Light  House  Boards 

I  Navy  Yard  Norfvik, 

lAsst.  to  Bu.  Navigation. 
'.Men.  B'd  Insp.  &  Survey 
I  Navy  Y'ard,  New  Y'urk,.. 
iNavy  Yard,  Wasnington 

Com.  St.  Louis 

liurean  of  Ordnance 

Supervisor  N.  Y.  Harbor. 

Com.  Charleston | 

Leajjue  Island  Navy  Yard 

Com.  Chicago 

Bureau  of  Steam  Enijin'g 

Navy  Y''ard,  New  York... 

Com.  Denver 

Ins.  llth  L.  H.  Dist 

Insp.  duty.  Bu.  St'm  Eng. 

Naval  Academy 

Sick  leave 

Mem.Nav  il  Exam.  Board 

N.ival  Stat'on,  Cavite... 

Waiting  orders 

Bure.HU  of  Equipment... 

Ins.  ■id  L.  H.  Dist 

!C"m.  Concord 

jOthce.Ass'tSec'yof  Navy 

jCom.  Albany 

I  Hydrographer 

[Com.  Cleveland 

I  Com.  T.acoma. 

Com.  Buffalo 

[Naval  Station,  Cavite... 

Bureau  of  On'nance 

[Waiting  orders 

Com.  Milwaukee 

Inspector  of  Ordnance. . . 

Com.  Paducah  

Bureau  of  Navigtition. .. 
1  Inspector  of  Ordnance.. 

jCoin.  Philadelphia 

;Com.  Glacier 

Navy  Yard,  New  Y'ork... 
iNav.  Tr.  Sta.,  Newport.. 

!Na\al  f)bservatory 

I  Ins.  9th  L.  II.  Dist 

I5d.  of  Insp.  and  Survey.. 

En  Koute.  Pacific  Station 
iCbarge  Torpedo  Station. 

iCom.  Florida 

iCim.  Gaheston 

;Nav.  Bee.  Sta.,  Baltimore 

Com.  A rethusa. ....... 

jC'om.  Wolverine 

•Com.  Panther 

'  N.ival  Academy 

ilns.  loth  L.  II.  Dist... 

Com.  Arkansas 

iCom.  Dubuque 

Navy  Yard,  Norfolk. . . 

'Com.  York  town 


o.t. 

Oct. 
Dec. 
De  . 
Feb. 
Feu. 
Mar. 


Sept.  1 1,1903 
Sept.'2:J.l>'ii3 
Oct.  11,1903 
0>t.  11,1903 
11,1903 
11.1903 
27,P'03 
27.1903 
4,1904 
4,1904 
1-2.1904 
-Mar.  1.1,11404 
Mar.  IS, 1904 
.lune  1,1904 
lunel«,1904 
Au-.  6,1904 
Aug.24,1904 
Aug.31,1904 
.Sep'. 13, 1904 
Sept. 13, 1904 
Sep' .30, 1904 
Sfp!.oO,19(l4 
Sept.30,1904 
Oct.  3,l;04 
Nov.  8,1904 
D.c.  28,1904 
Jan.  1-.m;'05 
Jan.  1-.,1  05 
Feb.] '2, 190.1 
Feb.  2 1,1 '.'05 
Feb.  21,1905 
Mar. 21. 1905 
Mar.31,19n5 
Mar.31,l':05 
Mar.31,1905 
Apr. '22, 1905 
Apr  .30,1905 
May  6,1905 
Juiiel6,1905 
June26,19U5 
June2s,1905 
Jnne30,1905 
.luly  l,19ori 
July  1,1905 
July  1,1905 
July  l,l'.i05| 
July  1,1905 
.luly  1, 19051 
July  1,1905 
July  1,1905' 
July  1,1905  i 
July  1,1905 
July  1,1905 
July  1,1905: 
July  1,1905 
July  1,1905 
July  1,1905 
.luly  1,1905 
July  1,1905 
.luly  1,1905 
.filly  1,1905 
July  1,1905 
July  8,1905| 


Perrival   .T.  Werlich. . . 

Wil;i:im  It.  Kush 

Harry  S.  Knapp    

W;l  iam  L.  BO'igers.. . 
Harry  McL.  P.   Huse.. 

Roy  C.  Smith 

Georire   W.  McElroy... 

Robert  S.  (inffln 

Edwar  1  I.loyd,  .Ir  .... 
Richard  .M.  Hughes.... 
Frank  W.  Bartlett.  ... 
Freleri  ck  C.  Bii  g.    ... 

.lohn  L.   Gow 

Georgj  K.  Cla  k 

Will  am  P.  White 

Genig!  E.  Burd 

John  H.  Shipley 

James  H.  Oliver 

John  E.  Craven 

.lohii  J.  Knapp 

John  Hood 

Edwa  d  E.  Hayden,... 
Benjamin  C.  Bryan.... 
Charl  s  C.  Marsh.  .  .. 
Charles  H.  Harlow.... 

Cla-euce  A.  Cirr 

Wiliam  A.  Gill 

Harold  P.Norton 

Frank  M.  Bennett  ... 
.lohn    A.  Dougherty... 

.John  B.  Bernadou 

John  H.  Giiibons 

Thomas  Snowden.  ... 
Thorn  13  F.  Carter.  ... 
Frederic  C.  B.wers..., 
George  R.  .Salisbury  .. 

John  L.  Purcell 

Robert   F.  Lopez 

Frank  W.  K.llogg.'... 

Reuben  O.  Hitler 

Harry  Phelps    

Albert  A.  Ackermaii.. 

Leo  D.  Miner 

Albrt  P.  Ni black 

Harry  Hall 

Edward  Simpson 

Thomas  W.  Kinkaid... 
Wii|  am  S.  Sims.  .... 
Louis  S.  Van  Diizer.... 
Wilson  W.  Buchanan. 
William  J.Maxwell... 

William  S.  Smith 

.lohn  F.  J.uby 

Hugh  ^{odman 

.lolin  A.  Hoogewerff... 
Edward   E.  Capehart.. 

Henry  B.Wilson 

(justav  Kaemnierling. . 

Emil  Theiss 

.Speni  er   S.  Wood ...... 

Guv  W.  Brown 

William  B.  Fletcher... 


.jIiis.  13th  L.  H.  Dist Sept.  8,1905 

.  Com.  Wilmington ISept.  9,1905 

Chg.  of  Staff,  Pacific  Sta.  ISepl.30,1905 

Naval  War  College iDec.  '.'7,1905 

Cum.  Nevada [Feb.  25.1906 

Coin.  Chattanooga Jan.    7,Ho6 

Insp.  duty,  Bu.  St'm  Eng.iJan.    7, 19'  6 
Bureau  oV  Steam  Engin  g 


Dist. 


Ins.  5th  L.  H 

Com.  Helena 

Naval  Academy 

Bureau  of  Sttaiu  En^in'ji 
Insp.  duty,  Bu.  St'm  Eng. 

Naval  Academy 

Ch'jT.  R^c.  S;a., Cleveland 


Jan.    7, 
giJan.  22.1906 


Feb.  19.190o 
Feb.  28,i9n6 
Aj.r.  13,l;i06 
M<av  13,1906 
.May  26,1906 
June  6.1'.0-> 
June   t;,190; 


Navy  Yard,  Bosron June  12,  9  6 


Navy  Yard,  Boston 

Naval  War  College 

Ins.  4th  L.  H.  Dist 

Na\y  Y'ard,  Washington. 

Ins. "7th  L.  H.  Dist 

Naval  Obsnrvatory 

Bureau  of  Steam  Engin'g 

Mem.  Rd.  Insp.  &  Survey.  July    1,1906 

NavvY'ard. League  Island'julv    1,1906 

Navy  Yard,  Mare  Island.  July  i2, 1906 

Inspector  of  Ordnance  .. 

Burt  an  of  Steam  Engin's 

Navy  Y'ard,  Pensacola.. . 

Naval  Attache,  Tokio  ... 

Naval  Atta  he,  Rome... 

Naval  Att-.che,  London 

Bureau  of  Equipment... 

Navy  I'a'd,  P.-i,sacola.. . 

Insp. duty,  Bu.  St'm  Eng. 

Com. Naval  Base,CulebraiMar.  l'.i,1907 

Waiting'  ordei-s lilar.  19,1907 

Ins.  12th  L.H.Dis July    l,19o7 

Navy  Y.ird,  New  York...  July 

Waiting  orders July 

Office  Judge  Adv.  Generali  July 

Com.  Prairie July 

Insp.  duty.Bu.St'm.  Eng   July 

Com.  Hartford July 

In^p.  duly.  Bu.  St'm  Eng.  July 

Bureau  of  Ordnance Ijuly 

Insp.  duty,  Bn.  St'm  Eng.ljuly 


Jnne29,130i 
.Tune  30.1.06 
July  1,1906 
July  1,19U6 
Julv  1,1906 
July  l,I9i'o 
Jnly    1.1906 


Aug.  5,1906 
0.t.  10,1906 
Nov.  2,1''06 
Dec.  11,1906 
Dee.  11,1906 
Dee.  25,1906 
F.b.  S.190: 
I'eb.  18,1907 
Fell.  -24,1907 


Bureau  or  Navigation...  July 

Ins.  15th  L.  H.  Dist Tuly 

Insp.  duly,  Bu.  Equip...  July 

Com.  Marietta July 

Bureau  of  Steam  Engin'g  July 

Wailing  orders July 

Ins.  6ih  L.  H.  Dist July 

Naval  .\'  ademy jJuly 

Com.Tr-Stu.,S.Francisco.t  July 


l,i»o: 

1.1907 
1,1907 
1,1907 
1,1907 
1,1 '.'07 
1,1907 
1,1907 
1,I"07 
1,1907 
1,1.07 
1,1907 
1.1907 
1,1' 07 
1,19C7 
1,1907 
6,1907 
8,1907 


.  I  Bureau  of  Navigation. ..  Julv  12,1'.'07 
.  llnsp.  duiy,Bu.St'm  Eng.  I  July  26,1907 
.Navy  Y'ard,  New  York. .  I  Aug. 28,1907 
.  Aid  to  Admiral  of  Navy. 'Oct.  13,1'.07 

.  Ins.  Sth  L.  H.  Dist 'Nov.   S.1907 

.[Naval  War  College iNov.  18,1907 


NAVAL    KXAMINIXG  AXD  RETIRING   BO.\RD.S. 

The  Naval  Examining  Board  consists  of  Rear-.-Vdmiral  Alljert  R.Coiiden,  Pre.sldeut;  Captain.s 
Edwin  K.  Moore  and  William  \V.  Kimball,  Coramauder  Frank  H.  Eldridge  and  Medical  Birectoi-s 
Dwi^lit  Dickin.son  and  Abel  F.  Price,  members. 

llie  Xaval  Retiring  Board  consists  of  Rear-Admiral  Albert  R.  Couden,  President;  Captain 
Edwin  K.  Moore:  Commander  Frank  H.  Eldridge, and  Medical  Directors  Dwight  Dickinson  and 
Thomas  H.  Streets,  Members. 

NAVAL   OBSERVATOBY. 

Su'ii'.ri.rU^/idmf—^ot  yet  detailed;  Ch>ninaiidp.r<:~X[hQrt  ii.  Winterhalter  and  E  Iward  E.  Hayden, 
and  Profe.s'ior.s  Aaron  N.  Skinner,  Miltoa  Updegralf,  William  S.  Eiohelberger  and  Frank  ^.  Littell. 


666 


The  Kavy. 


THE  ^ ANY— Continued. 


VESSELS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    NAVY. 


Kami. 


Armored  Vksskls. 

KK  vii01N«  BATTI.K-SlllPS. 

Alabama 


CoDueclicut . 


])elawarej. 
(Jeorgia. ... 


Waho*. 


Illiuois.. 
Indiana. 


Iowa. 


Kansas. 


Kearsarge. 
Kentucky. 
Louisiana. 


Maine 

Massachusetts. 

Michigan* 

Minnesota 


Mississippi* 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

New  Hampshire*. 


New  Jersey. 


North  Dakota  4:. 
Ohio 


Oregon 

Khode  Island.. .. 
Roi:th  Carolina*. 


Texas 

Vermont ., 


Vir/inia. 


Wisconsin 

AKMtlRBD  CRUISEK-S. 

Brooklyn .*...-... 


California. 


.^  rt   ;?  =s  i>  o 


BS 


BS 

BS 

BS 
BS 

BS 

BS 

BS 
BS 
BS 
BS 


18% 
1903 


ISUl 

1904 

1897 
1891 

1893 

1904 

1896 

1896 

1903 

1899 


BS    :i891 
B  S 


BS 

BS 

BS 


1903 

1904 
1900 


BS     1902 
BS 


BS 


BS 
BS 
BS 


1902 


1899 
1891 
1902 


BS    t... 

1889 
1904 

1002 

1897 
1893 

1902 


BS 

BS 

BS 

BS 

AC 

AC 

11,5.V? 
10,000 

14',948 

13,000 

11.552 
10,288 

11,346 

16,000 

ll.S'.O 

11,520 

16,000 

12,500 
10.288 
16.000 
16,000 

13,000 
12,500 
14,948 
16,000 

14,9-18 


■"    2 

ecu! 


17 

18 

is' 

17 

17 
15 

17 

18 

17 

17 

18 

18 
16 
18 
18 

17 
18 
19 
18 

19 


Horse- 
Power. 


Cost. 


11,207 
16,500 

19',000 

10,000 

U\757 
9,607 

11,933 

16,500 

11,788 

12,179 

16,500 

15,603 
10,240 
16,500 
16,500 

10,000 
15,845 
19,000 
16,500 

19,000 


12,500 

10,288 

14,948 

lC,0i.0 

C,."l.^. 
16,(i00 

14,948 

11,552 
9,215 

13,680 


18 
17 
19 
18 

17 

18 

19 

17 
22 

22 


$2,650,000 
4,212,000 

3,590,000 

8,990,500 

2,595,000 
3,063,000 


4,165,000 
2,550,000 
2,250,000 
3,990,000 
2,885,000 


Batteries. 


Slain. 


113-in.  uLU,  14  6-ln. 

U  V  guns, 
r  12-;n.  B  LR,  8  8-in. 

BLK,127-in.BLR. 


12-in.  B  LK,  8  S-in 

IJ  L  K,  12  6-in.  R  F 

guns. 

12-in.  BLR,  8  8-in. 

B  1.  R, 8  7-in. BLR. 

13-in.BLR,  14  6-in. 

It  V  guns. 

13-in.  BLR,  8  8-in. 

B  L  R,  4  6-in.  R  F 

guns, 

12-in.  BLR,  8  8-!n. 

B  L  R,  6  4-in.  R  F 

guns. 

12  in.  BL  R,  8  8-in. 

BLR,  12  7-in.  BLR. 

13-in.  B  L  R,  4  8-in. 

B  L  R,  14  5-in.  R  F 

guns. 

13-in.  B  L  R,  4  8-in. 

B  L  R,  14  5-in.  R  F 

guns. 

12-in.  BLR,  8 8-in. 

BLR.IJ  7-in. BLR 


12-in.  BLR,  16  6-in 
K   V  guns. 
3,063,000]4  13-ln.  BLR,  8  8-in, 
I     Hl,K,4i-in.RFgun8 
12-in,  B  LR 


3,585,000,8  : 
4,110,000  4 


2,999,501 
2,885,000 
3,733,600 
3,7-l8,0;10 

3,405,000 


l'?-in.  BL  R,  8  8-in 
BLR,  12  7-in. BLR. 

4  lO-in.  BLR,  8  8-in 

B  L  K,8  7-in.  BLR, 
4  12-in.  B  LR,  16  6-in. 

K  F  guns, 
4  12-in.  BLR,  8  8-in 

Br,U,12  6-in.RFgn8. 
4  12-in.  B  L  R,  8  8-in, 

BLR,12  7-in. BLR, 

4  12-In,BLR,  8  8-in, 
B  L  R,  12  6-in,  R  F 

guns. 


16,220 

11,037 

19,000 

10,500 

8,507 
16,500 

19,000 

12,452 
18,425 

23,000 


2,899,00014 
3,222,81o'4 


3,405,000 
3,540,000 


12-in.  BLR,  16  6-in, 
R  F  guns. 

!3-tn.  B  L  R,  8  8-ln. 

B  L  R,  4  6-in.  R  F 

guns, 

12-in.  B  L  R,  8  8-in 

B  L  R,  12  6-in.  R  F 

guns. 

12-iii.  BLR 


2,500,000  2  l?-in,  B  L  R,  6  6-in 

UFguns, 
4,179,000  4  12-in,  BLR,  8  8-in 

BLK,  12  7  in,  BLK 


3,590,000  4  12-tn.  B  L  U,  8  8-iM 
B  L  R,  12  6-in.  R  I 
guns. 

2,674,950  4  13-in,  B  L  R,  14  6-in 
I     It  F  guns, 

2,986,000  4  8-in,  B  L  R,  12  5-in 
It  V  guns, 

3,80n,000|4  8-ln.  B  L  E,  14  6-in 
it  F  guns. 


Secondary. 


12  6-pdr.  R  F,  2  1-pdr.  R  F,  3 
3-in.F. 

20  3-in.  R  F,  12  3-pdr.  semi- 
auto.,  4  1-pdr.  auto.,  2  3.in. 
field,  6  30-oal.  a.,  2  30-cal  in. 


12  3-m,    R  F,    12  S-pdr.    R  F, 

2  3-in.  field,  6  30  cal.  a.,  2  30 

cal.  in, 
12  3-in.  R  F  G,  6  3-pdr.  S-A.,  2 

1-pdr.  R  F,2  3-in.  field,  6  30 

cal.  a. 
16  6-pdr.   R  F,   2  1-pdr.  R   F, 

2  3-in.F,  4;i0-cal.  a. 
20   6-pdr,  R  F,  2  1-pdr.  R  F,  I 

3-in,  F,  2  30-cal.  a. 

22  6-pdr.  R  F,  4  1-pdr.  R  F,  2 
3-ia.  F,  4  30-caL  a. 

20  3-in,  R  F,  12  3-pdr.  seml- 
auto.,  2  1-pdr.  auto.,  2  3-in. 
fit-Id,  2  30-cal.  a. 

12  6-pdr.  R  F,  2  1-pdr.,  2  3-in.  F, 

4  30-cal.  :i. 

20  6-pdr,  R  F,  4  l-pdr.  R  F.  2 
3-in.  F,  4  30-c.il.  a. 

20  3-in,  R  F,12  3-pdr.  semi-auto- 
matic, 2  l-pdr,  automatic,  2  3- 
in. field, 6  :;0-cal.a.,  2  30-cal.  a. 

6  3-in,  K  F,  8  3-pdr.  R  F,2  1-pdr. 
R  l'\  2  3 -in.  F,  2  30-c.il.  a. 

20  6-pdr.  U  F,  8  1-pdr.  U  F,  2 
3-in.  F,  2  30-cal,  a. 

22  3-ii!,  semi-auto.,  8  1-pdr.  s.a., 
2  3-in.F,2  30-cal.a.,2  :sO  cal.m. 

20  3-in.  R  F,  12  3-i)dr.  semi- 
auto.,  2  1-pdr.  au;o.,  2  3-in. 
field,  2  30-cal.  m. 

12  3-in.R  F  U,6  3-i)dr.S  .A ,?  1-pdr. 
R  F,  2  3-in.  field,  6  30-cal.  a. 

6  3-in.  R  F,  S  3-pdr.  R  F,  4 
1-pdr.  R    F,   2  :>in.  F. 

12  3-in,  U  F,12  3-pdr,  R  F,  2  3-in. 
F,  6  30-cal.  .1,,  2  30-cal.  m. 

20  3-in,  R  F,  12  3-pdr,  S  A,  2 
l-pdr,S  A,2  3-iu.field,2  30-cal, 
automatic. 

12  3-in,  H  F,  12  3-pdr.  R  F,  2 
1-pdr.  R  F,  2  3-in.  field,  4  30- 
cal.  a..  2  30-cal.  m. 


6  3-in.  R  F,  8  3-pdr.  R  F,  6 
1-pdr.  R  F,  2  3-in.  F,  2  30- 
cal.  a. 

20  6-pdr.  R  F,  6  1-pdr.  R  F,  1 
3-in,  F,  2  SO-cal.  a. 

12  3-in,  R  F,  12  3-pdr.  R  F,  2 
I-pdr.  R  F,  2  3-in.  F,  4  36-cal. 
a.,  2  30  c:il.  Ml. 

22  .3-in,  semi  automatic,  2  3-pdr, 
.S-A,  8  1-pdr.  S-A,  2  3-in.  P, 
2  30-cal.  a.,  2  30-<al.  m. 

12  6-pdr.  U  F,  4  1-pdr.  R  F,4  37- 
mm.  H    U   C,  2  Celts. 

20  3-in.  K  F,  12  3-pdr.  semi- 
automatic, 4  l-|)(ir.  .lut^mitic, 
2  .S-in.  field,  6  30-cal.  a.,  2  30- 
cal  .  m. 

12  3  in.  R  F,  12  3-pl..  11  F, 
2  3-jn  F,  6  30-cal.  a,,  2  30- 
cal.  m. 

16  6-pdr.  R  F,  6  1-pdr.  R  F, 
2  3-in.F,  4  30-cal.  a. 

12  6-pdr.  R  F,  4  1-pdr.  U  F, 
2  3-in.  R  F  field,  4  30-cal.  a., 

1  30-c:il.  m. 

18  3-in. UF,    12  3-pdr.  S  A  RF, 

2  1-pdr.  R  F,  2  3-in.  R  F  field, 
4  30-cal.  a.,  2  30  cal,  m. 


^-       •  Under  construction.     %  X.it  yet  building  or  c-mtraited  for. 


The  Namj. 


G67 


THE  NAVY— Co.. /m^tcd. 


VESSELS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    NAVY.-Co..tim.ed. 


Nahb. 


Colorado 

>l;iryland. 

Montana.. 


New  York 

Korth  Carollua. 


Pennsylvania 
South  Dakota. 


Tennessee... 
Washington. 


West  Virginia., 

KAM. 


Katahdln. 


DBf..    TUP.SBT    MONITORS. 

Amphltrite 


Miantonomoh. 
Monadnock..., 

Monterey 

Puritan 


Terror. 


SIN.  TURHKI  MONITORS 

Arkansas 


Florida... . 
Nevada. ... 
Wyoming. 


Unaemored  Steel 
Vessels. 

Albany. 

Atlanta    


Baltimore. 


Boston  .... 
Charleston. 


Chattanooga 

Chicago 

Cincinnati 

Cleveland 

Columbia  ...^'..X'^^.i,, 

Denver 

UoaMoiaes 

Detroit 


J 

c3 


AC 

AC 

AC 

AC 
AC 

AC 

AC 

AC 

AC 

AC 

R 

CD 

CD 
CD 
CD 
CD 

CD 

CD 
CD 
CD 
CD 


PC 
PC 

PC 


PC 
PC 

PC 
PC 
PC 
PC 
PC 
PC 
PC 

c 


1901 

leci 

1905 

1890 
1905 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1903 

1901 

1891 

1874 

1874 
1875 
1889 
1875 

1874 

1899 
1S99 
1899 
189S 

1883 

1887 

1833 
190i! 

19O0 
1883 
1890 
1900 
1890 
1900 

laoo 

1890 


f      a>    *^     UQ    I 

.2  S  o  o 


3,990 

3,990 
3,990 
4,084 
6,060 

3,990 

3,2'25 
3,2i5 
3,225 
3,22.1 


3,769 

3,000 

4,413 


3,035 
9,700 

3,200 
5,000 
3,213 
3,200 
7,375 
3,191 
3,800 


-I 

22 

22     . 

22 

21 
22 

22 

22 

22 

22 

22 

16.11 

10.5 

10.5 
12 

13.6 
12.4 

10.5 

12.03 
12.40 
13.04 
11.80 


20.5 
15.60 

20.096 


15.60 
22 

16.5 

18 

19 

If;. 5 

22.8 

16.75 

16.5 


2.V12    19 


Horse- 
Power. 


26,837 

28,059 

23,000 

17,07 
23,000 

28,600 

23,000 

23,000 

2o,000 

26,135 

5,014 

1,600 

1,426 
3,000 
5,104 
3,700 

1,600 

1,739 
2,3;;6 
1,970 
2,:'.59 


7,400 
3,500 

8,778 


4,300 
27,200 

5,^";i 

9,000 
8,'J9n 
4,640 
18,260 
6,1. -55 
5,S40 
5.2-J7 


Cost. 


$3,780,000 

3,775,000 

4,400,000 

2,985,000 
4,400,0011 

3,890,000 

3,750,000 

4,035,000 

4,035,0i'0 

3,885,000 

930,000 


t 

t 
1,628,960 

t 


960,000 
925,000 
962,000 
975,000 

Vl  7,000 
1,325,000 

61i»,000 
2,740,000 

1 ,0o9,9r.6 
889,000 
1,100,000 
l,041,fi50 
2,726,000 
1,080,000 
1,065,000 
612,500 


Batteries. 


Main. 


Secondary. 


'IS-ln.  B  I.  R,  14  6-in, 
R  F  guns. 

4  8-in.  B  L  R,  14  6-iii. 
K  F  f;uns. 

4  10-in.BLR,  lB6-in. 
RF. 

4  8-in.B  L  K,  10  5-in. 

K  Fguns. 
4  lo-in.  BLR,  16  6-in. 

K  F. 

4  8-iii.  B  L  R,  14  6-in. 
R.  F.  G. 

4  8-in.  B  L  R,  14  6-in. 
R  F  guns. 

4  10-iti.  BL  R,  16  6-in. 
R  F  guns. 

4  10-in.  B  L  R,  16  6-iii. 
R  F  guns. 

4  8-in.  B  L  R,  14  6-in. 
R  F  guns. 

4  6-pdr.  R  F  guns. 


4  10-in.  B  L  R,  2  4-in. 
R  F  guns. 

4  10-in.  B  L  R. 

4  10-in.  B  D  R,  2  4-in. 

R  F  guus. 
2  12-in.  B  L  R,  2  10-in. 

B  L  R. 
4  12-in.  B  L  R,  6  4-in. 

R  F  guns. 

4  Ifl-in.  BLR,  4  4-in. 
R  F  guns. 

2  12-in.  B  L  R,  4  4-in. 

R  F  guns. 

12-in.  B  L  R,  4  4-in. 

R  F  guns. 
2  12-in.  B  L  R,  4  4-in. 

R  F  guns. 
2  12-in.  B  L  R,  4  4-in. 

R  F  guns. 


18  3-in.  R  F,12  3  p.ir.S  A  K  F,  2 

l-|.dr.  It  F,  2  3-in.  It  F  field,  2 

ni.toliine,  6  a.  {runs,  (.'olts. 
18  3-in.  It  F,  12  3-D.lr.S  A  R  T,  2 
I     1-p.lr.  It  F,  2  3-in.  It  F  field,  2 
I      machine,  6  a    lmihs.  Colts. 
,22  3-in.  K  F,  12  3-p.lr.  S  A,  2   3- 

in.  field,  2  3(P-cal.  machine.  2 
!     30-'-aI.  antomutic. ' 
8  3-111.  It  F,  8   3-pdr.  It  F,   2  1- 
I     pdr.  R  F,  2  3-in.  1  4,  30  cal.,  a. 
22  3-in.  R  F,  12  3-pdi.  S  A,  4  1- 

pdr.S  A,  2  :i-in.  fiel<l,2  .SO-cJ. 

machine,  2  3o-cal.  automatic. 
18  3-in.  it  F,  12  3-i>di-.   R   F,  2 

1-pdr.  It  F,  2  3-iii.  field,  2  ma- 
chine, 6  automatic. 
18  3-in.   U  F,    12  3-|.dr.   R  V,  2 

l-pdr.  R  1",  2  3-in.  It  F  field,  4 

SO-cal.  a,  2  OO-cal.  ni. 
22  3-ii.'.   R    F,  12  3  pdr 

l-jd..    R    F,  2  3-in. 

aut"mitic. 
22  3-iu.  It  F,  12  3-pdr 

1-pdr.   R    K,    2   3-in. 

machine,  6  autoniatic 
18  3-in.  It  F,  12  3-pdr.  R  F, 

1-I)dr.  R  F,  2  3-in.  R  F  field,  8 

machine,  2  automatic. 


.  R  F. 
R  F, 


It 
R 


F, 


2  6-pdr.  R  F,  2  3-pdr.  R  F,  5  1- 
pdr.  R  F,  1  3-in.  F,  1  30-caI. 
a,  2  37-in.  mm.  It  C. 

2  6-pdr.  R  F,  2  3-pdr.  R  F,  4 
1-pdr.  R  V,  1  Colt. 

4  6-pdr.  R  F,  4  1  pdr.  R  F. 

'6  6-pdr.   R   F,   4  1-pdr.  R   F,  2 
I     Colts. 

'6  e-pdr.  R  F  G,  2  1-pdr.  R  F  C, 
I     2     Coll      automatic,      2   ma- 
chine. 

2  6-pdr.  R  F,  2  3-pdr.  R  F,  2  37- 
1     mm.  11  R  C,  2  1-pdr.  R  F. 

3  6-pdr.   S  A,  4  1-pdr.  a.,  4    1. 
I      pdr,  It   F,  2  3i'-cal.  rt. 

,3  6-pdr.  S   A,  4   1-pdr.  a.,  4  1- 

pdr.  It  F,  2  30-cal.  a. 
3  6  pdr.   S   A,4  1  p.lr.   a.,  4  1- 
I     pdr.,  R  F,  2  30-cal.  a. 
3  ti-  pdr.  S   A,  4  1-pdr.  a.,  4    1- 
p.ir.  11  F,  2  30-cal.  a. 


10  5  in.  R  Fguns. 
6     6-in.     R  F,    2 

BLR. 
12  6-iu.  R  F  guns. 


6  6-in.  R  F,  2  8-i 

L  It. 
14  6-in.  R  F. 


10  5-ln.  R  F  guns. 

4  8-in.  B  L  R,  14 
It  F  guns. 

11  ."i-in.  R  F  guns. 

10  5-in.  11  F  guns. 

1  8-in.  B  L  R,  2  6- 

F,  8  4-in.RFgu 

10  5-in.  R  F  guns. 

10  5-in.  R  F  guns. 

10  5-iu.  R  F  guns, 


10:;-pdr.SA,  21-pdr.RF,2Colts. 
in.  6   6-pdr.  It   F.  4   1-pdr.  R  F,  2 
I     Colts,  1  3-in.  R  F  field. 
6   3-pdr.    It   F,   4  1-pdr.  R  F,  4 
automatic,  1  3  in.  R  F  field,  4 
30  cal .  a. 
B  6   6-pdr.    It   F",   2   Ipdr.  R  F,  2 
I     Colts,  1  .'^-iu.  It  F  field. 
18   3-in.    R  F,    12  3-pdr.   S  A,  8 
1-pdr.   automatic,  8   I-|'dr.  R 
F,  2  30-cal.  iiiaihine.  8  30cal. 
automatic,  2  3-in.  field. 
8   6-pdr.    It   F,   2   1-pdr.    It   F,  4 
Colt  automatic,  1  3-in.  field. 
S-in.'H    6-pdr.    It    F,  2    1-pdr.   It  F,  2 
Colts,  1  3-in.  R  F  field. 
8   6-1  dr.    It    V,   2    1-pdr.  R  V,  2 

Colls,  I  3-in.  K  F  field. 
8   6-pdr.    It   F,  2   1-pdr.  It    F,  4 
Colt  automatic,  1  'i-in.  field, 
in.  R  12    6-pdr.    It   F,  2   1-pdr.  R  F,  2 
us.  Colts,  I  3-in.  R  V  field. 

8   6-pdr.   It   F,  2  1-pdr.  R  F",  4 

Colt  automatic,  1  3-in.  tie'd. 
8    C-pdr.    It    F,  2   1  pdr.  It    F,  4 

Colt  automatic,  1  3-in.  tifclJ. 
6    6  pdr.    K    F,   i    1-pdr.   It   F,  2 
!     Colt^,  1  :Mu.  K  F  field. 


f  Appropriation  to  complete  Aipphitrite,  Miaatouomoh,  Monaduock,  Puritan  and  Terror,  $3,178, 04t>. 


ms 


The  Navy. 


THE  ^KW—Continaed. 


VESSELS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    NAVY.-Contiaued. 


Namx. 


Galveston.., 
Marblehead.c 
Milwaukee. . 


ManneapoUs.. 
Jlontgomery , 


Newark 

N«w  Orleans,... 

Olympla 

rblladelphia... 

Italelgh , 

Kelna  Mercedes. 


8an  Francisco. 
St.  Loois 


Tacoma, 


Uxaemkt)  Steel  Ves- 
sels, Scout  Cbdiseks. 
Birmiugham* 


Chest  er». 


Salem* 


Gunboats, 
Bennington 


Casllne. 


Concord  , 


Don  Juan  de  Aostriat. 

General  Alavalf 

Helena 

Isla  de  Cuba:!; 

Islade  Luzon^ 

Machias 

Nashville 

Petrel 


Wilmington, 
Yorktown .. . 


Annapolis. 
Dubuque.  . 
Marietta.. . 
Newport  . . 
Pa  lucah.  . 
Princeton.. 
VIcksburg. 
Wheeling.. 


Special  Class. 
Dolphin 


Vesuvius. . . . 
Cumberland . 


Intrepid. 


Boxer.. 
Severn  , 


AtrxiLiABY  Cbuisebs. 

Buffalo 

l>ixie  

Panther 

Prairie 

Yankee 


iia'a 


PC 

C 

PC 

PC 
C 

PC 
PC 
PC 
PC 
PC 

c 

PC 
PC 

PC 

SC 

sc 

s  c 

GB 

GB 

GB 

G  B 
G  B 
G  B 
GB 
GB 
G  B 
G  B 
GB 

GB 
GB 


1901 
1890 
1902 

1891 
1890 
1888 

1891 

1888 
1889 


1888 
190i! 


1900 

1905 
1905 

1888 
1891 

1888 

i894 


1891 
1894 
1887 

1894 
ISii 


C  G  B  1898 
C  G  H;190 


C  G  B 
C  G  H 
C  G  15 
V.  G  B 
C  G  B  189 
C  G  B  189« 


189'i 
1896 
!  '.tO:5 
189 


DB 
DGB 

rs 

TR 

T  B 

T8 


SC 
SC 
I  c 
1  c 
1  c 


1883 

1004 
1904 

1904 

1904 

1895 


1892 
1893 
ls89 
1890 
1892 


I* 


Horse- 
Power, 


16.5 
18.4 
22 

23.073 

19.05 

19 

20 
21.686 
19.678 

19 

17 

19.525 
22 

16.58 

24 
24 
24 

17.5 
16 

16.8 

14 

10 

15. 50 

16 

16 

15.46 

16 

11.79 

15. OS 
16 

13 

1-2 

13 

12 

12 

10.64 

13 

12 

16 
21 


3,900 
2,212 
9,700 

7,375 

2,212 

4,362 

3,769 

6,870 

4,410 

3,213 

2,835 

4,540 
9,700 

S,20O 

3,750 
3,750 
3,750 

1,708 
1,067 

1,725 

1.13' 
1,115 
1,397 
1,030 
1,0  0 
1,177 
1,0:7 
8.=-.8 

1,397 
1,74. 

1,060 
1 .08.i 
1,018 
1 .0'.'S 
l.OS  I 
1,10.1 
1,114 
1,129 

1,48'-. 

929 
l,8<ii.' 

1,80< 

345 
1,324 


6,00U    14.5 
6,114     16 
8,380    13 
6,620!   14.5 
8.225'   12.5 


Cost. 


Battkriss. 


Main. 


6,073 

4,937 

21,000 

20,544 
6,580 
8,674 
7,600 

17,080 
8,^)53 
8,500 


9,718 
21,000 


fl.027,000 

674,000 

2,825,0u0 

2,690,000 

612,500 

1,248,000 

1,796,000 
1,360,000 
1,100,000 


1,428,000 
2,740,000 


5,287 

1,600 
1,600 
1,600 

3,380 

2,199 

2,405 

1,600 
770 
1,988 
2,700 
2,700 
2,04K 
2,53  1 
1,095 

1,891 
3,392 

1,227 
1,000 
1,054 
1,00'< 
1,00(1 
835 
1,118 
1,081 

2,253 

3,795 


3,600 
3,800 

'  s'.soo 

3,800 


10  6-in.  UFguns. 
iO  5-in.  U  F  guns, 
14  6-in.  K  F  guns. 

I  8-in.  B  L  U,  2  6-In. 
F,  8  4-in.U  Fguns. 

10  6-in.  K  F  guns. 

12  6-;n.  U  F  guns. 

10  6-in,  RF. 

10  5-in.KPgunB,4  8- 
BLU,  11  5-in.  U. 

II  5-in.  UFguns. 


Secondary, 


U 


In. 


12  6-ia.  R  F. 

14  6-in.  R  F  guns. 


1,041,900 

1,556,000 
1,688,00'' 
1,556,000 

490,000 

318,500 

490,000 

180,000 

280,000 
215,000 
215,000 
318,5110 
280,000 
247,000 

580,0;i0 
455,000 

227,700 
295,000 
22;,00fi 
229,400 
355.0C0 
230,000 
229,4011 
219,000 


10  5-in. R  Fguns. 


2    5-in.  R   F,  6  3-in, 

RF, 
2   5-in,    R    F,  6    3-ln. 

It  V. 
2   5  in,    R   F,   6   3-in. 

KF. 

6  6-in,  R  F. 
8  4-in.  R  F  gnns. 
6  6-in.  BLR. 
6  3-in.  R  F  guns. 


8  4-in. 
6  .3-in. 
4  4-in 
8  4-in 
8  4-in 
4  6-in 

8  4-in. 
6  6-in. 

8  4-in 
6  4-iu 
6  4-in 
•)  4-in 
6  4-iu 
6  4-in 
6  4-in 
6  4-in 


H  F  guns. 
II  F  guns. 
U  F  guns. 
U  F  guns. 
K  F  guns, 
BLR. 

R  F  guns, 
R  F  guns. 

U  F  guns. 

U  I'^  gu:is. 

U  F  guns. 

K  F  guns. 

K  F  gunH. 
,  R  F  guns. 
,  11  F  guns. 
,  It  F  guns. 


8   6-pdr.  R  F,  2   1-pdr.  R  F,  4 

Colt  automatic,  1  3-in.  field. 

6-pdr.    K   l",  2  1-pdr.  R  F,  2 

Colts,  1  3-in.  field. 
18   :;-in.  R  F,  12   3  pdr.   S  A.  4 

1-plr.   autO!iiatic,  8  1  pdr.  U 

F,  2  .3'!  cal.  machine,    8   JO 

cal.  au'LomatIc,  2  3  in.  fi«ld. 
12    6-pdr.    It  F,  2  1-p.lr.   It  F,  2 

Colts,  1  3-in.  K  F  field. 
4  6-pdr.  K  F,2  1-pdr.  it  F,2  Colts, 

1  3- in.  field. 
•;  3-in  K  F,  e.i-pdr.S.  A,  4  1-pdr. 
It  F,  1  3-in.  firl.l,  4  .30  cal.  a. 
10  3-pdr.   S  A,  2  1-pdr.  U  F,   2 

.30  c.il.  aulom;itic,  1  :'.-in.  fltld. 
14   6-pdr.    U  P,  4  1-pdr.  R  K,  2 

Colis. 
I  louseil  over. 

8  6-pdr.   It  F,   2   1-pdr.  R  F,  8 

Colts  1  3-ln.  field. 
Housed  over. 

Hons  d  over. 

18  3  i...  RF,  12  3-pdr.  8  A,  4 
1-pdr.  :iutom;ttic,  8  1-pdr.  R 
F,  2  .30  cal.  machine,  8  .30 
c.il.  automatic,  2  3-in.  field. 

8  6-pdr.  It  F,  2  1-pdr.  K  F,  4 
Colt  automatic,  1  S-ia.  field. 


2  torpedo  tubes. 

2  torpedo  tubes. 

3  torpedo  tubes. 


4  6-pdr.   R  F,   2  .30  cal.  Colts, 

4  1-pdr.  K  F. 
4  6-pdr.  R  F,  2  1-pdr.  R  F,  1 

Colt,  a. 
4  3-pdr.  S  A,  2  1-pdr.  R  F,  2  .30 

cal.  Colts. 
4  6-p  Ir.  R  F,  4  Colts. 
2  6-p!r.,  2    1-pir.,  R  F. 
4  6-pdr.  It  F,  2  Colts. 
4  6-pdr.  U  F,  4  Colts, 
4  6-pdr.  R  F,  4  Colts. 
4   6-pd.  .11  F,2  1-pdr.R  F,2  Colts. 
4  6-pdr.ll  F,2  1-pdr.K  F.S  Colts, 
2   3-pdr.  K  F,  2    1-pdr.  R  F,  2 

Colts,  a. 
4  6-pdr.l!  F,4  1-pdr.U  F,  4  Colts. 
4  8-pdr.    K   F,  4  1-pdr.  It  F,  2 

Colts. 
4  fi-pdr.  K  F,  2  1-pdr.ll  F,  2  Colls. 
4  6-pdr.K  F,2  1-pdr.U  F,2  Colt-. 
4  6-pdr.  K  F,  2  1-pdr.  It  F,  1  Colt. 
4  6-pdr.  K  F,  2  1-pdr.  U  F,l  Colt. 
4  6-pdr.ll  K.i:  1-pdr.R  K.2Coll.s. 
4  6-pdr.  KF,2  1-pdr.  R  F,2  Colts. 
l4  6-pdr.  K  I",  2  1-pdr.R  F,2  Colts. 
4  u-pdr.  U  F,  2  1-pdr.R  F,l  Colt. 


315,000  3  4-in.  R  F  guns. 


870,000'6  4-in.  R  F  guns. 


3  6-pdr,  R  F,  4  3-pdr,  R  F,  9 

I  I     Colts. 

350,000  .S15  in.dynamiteguns.ll  3-pdr.  It  F, 
370,00016  4  in.  it  F  guns.  4  'i-pdr.  It  F  guns,  2  1-p.lr.  R  F 

I  guns,  2  Colt^. 

4  6-pdr.    K    F    guns,    3    l-p-ir. 
R  F  guns,  2  C.iit^. 

.50,0001  

112,600  6  4  in.  R  Fguns.  !4  6-pdr.  R  Fguns,  i  l-pdr.  U  F 

I  I     gu:i8,  2  Colts. 

575.000  2  5-in.,44-in.KFguus.  2  6-mm.  Colts,  6  6-pdr8. 
575,000,8  5-in.  K  V  guns.  4  6&  4  1-pdr-^.,  2  Colts,  1  Sin.  f, 

375,000'ti  6-in. ,2  4  in. It  F  guns  6  3-pdr8.,  1  Colt,  1  3-in.  field. 
575,000  8  6-lu.  It  Fguns.  j6  6-pdr.,4  3-pdr.s.,  2  Colts.4  1-pdr 

575,000  8  5-1  n.  It  F  guns.  6  6-pdrs.,  2  1-pdr.,  2  Colts. 


*  Vuder  roQstructioa,    1  Captured  from  Spaip. 


The  Navy. 


669 


THE   ^A.\\— Conn  unci. 


VESSELS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    NAVY.-Continued. 


Nami. 

1900 
l.>598 

1966 
1900 
1899 
1888 
1897 
1897 
1899 
1896 
1892 
1897 
18915 
1897 
1898 
1897 
1897 

1897 
1n97 
1898 
189^ 
189H 
1896 
1896 
1899 

i888 

1899 

1898 

1897 

1897 

1899 

1899 

189 

1896 

1900 
i960 

1:^60 

i960 
1901 
1900 
IHOI 

1899 
1899 

1899 

1899 

1899 

1899 

1899 

1899 
1S99 

1899 

1899 

1900 

1899 

1899 

1899 

Dis- 
place- 
ment, 
Tons. 

Sp«ed, 
Knots. 

Horse 
Power. 

Cost. 

ToRP)iDii  Boats. 

Baplev 

Bsilev 

Barcelo* 

r  R 

T  B 

r  B 

l-  B 

r  B 
r  B 
r  B 

T  B 

r  B 
r  B 
r  B 

1    B 
■I'  B 

r  B 
r  B 
•r  B 

■Y  B 
1'  B 

r  B ' 
r  B 
r  B 
r  B 
r  B 
r  B 

■V  B 

r  B 

1'  B 
T  B 
T  B 
T  B 
T  B 
r  B 
r  B 
r  B 
r  B 
r  B 

1'  B 

s  r  B 
s  r  B 
s  r  B 

S  T  B 
S   1'  B 
S  T  B 
S  T  B 

s  r  B 

S  T  B 
S  T  B 
S  T  B 
STB 

r  D 
T  D 

T  1) 

T  B  D 

T  B  D 

TBI) 

TB  D 

TBD 

T  B  D 
V  B  D 

T  B  I) 

T  B  I) 

T  B  D 

T  B  1) 

TBD 

TBD 

175 
280 
66 
175 
175 
196 
105 
146 
154 
196 
165 
120 
279 
142 
154 
255 
45 
65 

"65 
104 
V-.8 
219 
165 
143 
210 
200 
150 
318 
200 
.•540 
146 
46 
200 
165 
165 
142 

120 

"i2n 

74 
120 

"i20 

168 
120 

120 

420 

420 

420 
420 
420 
40s 
40S 
446 
4;o 

4S0 
48<i 
480 
42ti 
433 
433 
435 

29 
30 

" 

29 

28 

26 

22.5 

30 

23 

26 

28 

24 

30 

24 

23 

30 

20 

20 

19 

24 
26 
26 
28 
24 
27 
26 
17 
18 
26 
30 
30 
21 
25 
25 
26 
24 

8 

'k" 
8 
8 

"s  " 

8 
8 
8 

29 
29 

29 

28 

28.10 

29.02 

2S.04 

28.41 

28.03 
28.91 

28.32 

28.0.'! 

29.69 

29.58 

28.24 

29.86 

4.200 
5,600 
600 
4,200 
4,200 
3,000 
1,720 
4,200 
1,750 
3,000 

'  l',800 

5.878 

2,000 

1,750 

6,000 

850 

850 

850 

850 

1,750 

'  '2",295 
3,200 
3,375 
1,900 

359 
3.2;6 
7,200 
4,200 

850 
3,000 
3,000 
3,495 
2,000 

160 

"'i60 

45 

160 

"  'ieo 

160 
160 
160 

8,000 
8,000 

8,000 

8,000 

8,000 

7,200 

7,200 

6,375 

6,125 
7,980 

9,100 

7,600 

8,000 

8,300 

8,300 

?,300 

1161,000 
210,000 

ifi'i'ooo 

161,000 

159,400 

82,750 

194,000 

81,546 

1 59,400 

144,000 

ll.S,500 

227,500 

97,500 

81,546 

214,500 

:-;9.000 

48,500 

24,250 

45,000 

85,000 

165.000 

165,000 

144,000 

97,500 

160,000 

129,750 

72,997 

25,000 

129,750 

236,000 

194,000 

39,000 

129,750 

168,000 

146,000 

97,500 

170,000 

i'7'0',000 
150,000 
170,000 

i'7"o',ooo 

170,000 
170,000 
170,000 

283,000 
283,000 

283,000 

260,(K)0 

260,000 

291,000 

291,000 

281,000 

2S 1,000 
285,000 

285,000 

285,000 

282,000 

286,000 

286,000 

886,000 

l^aroev 

BiddU 

Blakeley 

CuNhJuu' 

I>aTis.. 

)  >e  I'OQ^     

l>ii  l*ont 

Kricsson 

Kftrragut 

J'oot€             

Fox 

iioldsboroiig'ti 

(iwin 

Msnlv 

JfcKee 

Morris 

Mcholsou*. ...  A 

< ''Brien  

Porter 

Shubrick 

Stiletto    

Slringham 

Talbot 

Tiaeey 

SUBMARINE. 

Add.r 

CuitlefiKh 

Holland 

nunffer  . 

Shark  . 

Viper                         

ToR.-BoAT  Destroyers. 

Barry 

('hauncey .•..•■•. 

Dale 

]>ecatur 

Hopkins 

Hull 

Lawrence 

Mardonoiigh 

Truxton 

\Y9rd..a. ,...,..,., 

Battbriks. 


Main. 


.'Secondary. 


3  1-pdr.  BF,  3  18-in.  WT. 

4  6-pdr.  K  r,  2  18-iu.  W  T. 


3  1-pdr. 
3  1-pdr. 
3  1-pdr. 

3  Ipdr. 

4  1-pdr. 
3  1-pdr. 

3  1-pdr. 

4  1-pdr. 
4  1-pdr. 
4  6-pdr, 
3  1-pdr. 

3  1-pdr. 

4  6-pdr. 
1  1-pdr. 

1  1-pdr, 

2  1-pdr. 

2  1-pdr. 
4  1-pdr. 

3  1-pdr. 

3  1-pdr. 

4  1-pdr. 

3  1-pdr. 

4  1-pdr. 

3  1-pdr. 

4  1-pdr. 


K  V,  3 
J£  !••,  3 
li  F,  3 
U  !••,  3 
K  K,  2 
U  V. 
K  I-. 
B  I', 
li  I-, 
II  F, 
K  F, 
K  F, 
K  F, 
UF, 
K  F,  2 
K  F,  2 
U  F,  2 
HF,  3 
1{  F,  3 
K  F,  3 
U  F.  3 
U  F.  3 
U  F,  3 
U  !•-,  3 
U  F,  3 


18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in 

18-la. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18-in. 

18  in. 

18-in. 


W  T. 

W  '1'. 
W  1'. 
W  T. 
W  1. 
W  T. 

w  r. 
w  r. 

W  I'. 
\v  '!•. 

w  r. 

w  T. 

\v  r. 

w  T, 

w  r. 
w  v. 
w  r. 
\v  T. 
w  r. 

\VT. 
W   I', 

\v  V. 
W  T. 

Av  r. 

V!  T. 


3  1-pdr.  K  F,  3  18-in.  \V  T. 

4  6-pdr.  U  F,  2  18-in.  W  T, 
4  1  pdr.  K  F.  2  18-in.  W  T. 
1  1-pdr.  U  F,  2  18-in.  W  V. 
3  1-pdr.  RF,  3  18-in.  W  T. 
3  1-pdr.  1{  F,  3  18-in.  W  T. 
3  1-pdr.  \l  F,  3  18-in.  WT. 
3  1-pdr.  It  F,  3  18-in.  W  T. 


1  torpedo  tube,  3  W  'V. 

1  torp'do  tube,  3  W  i'. 
1  torpedo  tube,  3  W  T. 
\  torpedo  tube,  3  W  T. 

1  torp.do  tube,  3  VV  K 

2  W  T. 

1  torp  do  tube,  3  W  T. 
1  torpedo  tube,  3  W  T. 


3-iM.  i  5  6-pd.U  F,2  18-In.W  T 
3-in.  K  F,  5  6-pdr.  It  F,  2 
18-in.  W   r. 

3-in.  1:  F,  5  6-pdr.  R  F,  2 
18-in.  \V  r. 

18-in.  W  T,  2  3-In.  It  F,  and 
5  6-pdr.  K  F. 

18-in.  \V  T,  2  3-in.  It  F,  and 
5  6-pdr.  It  F. 

18-in.  \V  T.  2  3-in.  11  F,  and 
5  6-pdr.   K   F. 

18-in.  W  T,  2  3-in.  It  F,  and 
5  6-pdr.    K   F. 

18-in.  W  T,  2   3-in.  U    F.  and 
5  6-p.lr.   K    F. 
18-in.  \V  ']',   7  6-pdr.  S  .\. 
18-in.  W  r,  2  3-rn.    K  F,  and 
5  6-pdr.  U  F. 

18  in.  \V  T.  2  -j-iu.  U  F,  and 
5    6  pdr.    K    F. 

18in.  \\  V,  2  3-in.  B   F,  »nd 
5  6-pdr.  K  V. 
18-iu.  \V  W  2  3-in.    It    F,  and 

5  6-pdr.  K  F. 

18-in.  W  T,  2  3-in.  It  F,   ani 

6  6  pdr.    K  F. 

IS-in.  \V  T,  2  3-In,    B    F,  nud 

6  6.pdr.  B  I". 

18-in.  W  r,  2  3-iu.  It  F,  •a4 


670 


The  KaDy. 


THE  ^kNY— Continued. 


DIMENSrOXS, 

COAL  SUPPLY.  ARMOR,  AND  COMPLEMENT. 

%  i 
AS. 

1-^ 

c 

1 

3 

P 
13 

'a, 

p. 

a. 

a 
3 

cs 

Tons. 

1,286 
747 
271 
225 
344 
573 

1.064 
373 
456 

1,360 

2,024 
280 

1,500 
70S 
89  1 
577 
7ii3 

l,8-i8 

1,670 
381 

2,200 
703 
703 
368 
210 
200 
355 
703 
24ii 

.a 

Armor. 

I'kotkc 

IIVB 

Deck. 

Comple- 
ment. 

Veuels. 

a^   i 

>5r-      as 

In. 

4-18  16.5 

'..        9 

'.'.     ii 

v.     "z 

00 

u 

3 

H 

In. 

14 

i 

io 

6.5 

6 
i2 

io 

i'i 
ii 

14 
15 
17 

i'i 
i7 

17 
12 

i'i 

16 

11.5 

12 

ii 

12 

12 

7.5 

9 

8 

ii 
10 

ii 
12 

5 

9 

12 

15 
6.5 

'k 

ii 

n 

00 

•a 

c 

.31  i 
%     % 

Typp  of 
Engines. 

Alabama 

Ft.     In. 

368     0 
346    0 
259    n 
168    0 
252    0 

'I't.  I;i   Ft.  In 
72     2    23     8 

'  Toms. 
800 
61'. 
250 
100 
344 
3»2 
709 
200 
380 
900 
900 
125 
65U 
467 
593 
384 
4^;7 
900 
750 
200 
900 
467 
467 
200 

100 
355 
467 

900 
100 
600 
800 
400 
625 
1.59 
15!l 
900 
175 
410 
410 
900 
125 

1,000 
200 
120 
900 
400 
250 
900 
650 
750 
9i.'0 

1,000 
600 
250 
90tl 
200 
200 
150 
900 
3:;8 
400 
900 
9lKJ 
h\-l 
WO 
7.=.0 
900 

1,000 
400 
40" 
100 
9ii0 
lOO 
400 

lou! 

307 
350 

9001 

In.  i  111. 
15  3to4 

In. 

S 

lis 

1.5 

9  5 

'     34 
19 
23 
II 
13 
19 
30 
11 
22 
41 
41 
11 
36 
19 
32 
20 
19 
41 
28 
10 
41 
10 
19 
12 

'9 
13 
19 

8 
4i> 
10 
34 
34 
26 
35 

8 

8 
41 

7 
39 
35 
41 
10 
35 
13 

647 
333 

T.  R.   "V.  T   E 

43     9 

18    0 

11.6 

ii 

's 

6 

'6 

io 

ii 

io 
io 

15 
17 
16 

io 
is 

15 
10 

ii 

"e 

17 

io 

io 

12 

10 

11.6 

:' 

io 
11 

ii 
10 

io 

8 
12 

Vl 

'e 

i4 
io 

lis 

4 

T  .^  .  V    r   V 

5o     6 
36    0 
50     0 

14    •. 
12    5 

12  2 

16  10 
20    0 

13  8 

17  0 
24    0 
24     1 
12    0 

172  T   S     I    E. 

13S  S.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 
158  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 
'285  S.  S  ,  II    C 

j\rk;insa8.   ... 

Atl;inta 

271     3    42     1 
327    6    48    7 
2:;i)    0    36    0 
271     31  42     1 
400    6j  64    8 
502    o!  69    6 
204    0:  32     1 

1  Baltiiii«>re    

353  T   S     H    T   E 

H    % 
1.5   1.5 

6    .    3 

4    1.5 

%  5-16 

I*?!'  T.  S     H    T   E 

]J  StOll 

Broo!;lvn 

260  S.  .S.,  H.  E. 
677  T.  S.,  V.  T   F. 

CHlifoi*ni;i 

2-18  5106 

787  T.  S     V   T   E 

V.  Inline 

•• 

143  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Charleston 

424     Ol   66     0    22     6 
292     0'   44    0     15     !' 
325     o!   48     2,   20    4 

3 

2&1 
1   5 

2 

% 
1   5 

634  T.  S     V  T   F 

30 ^T.  S.   V   T   E 

Chicac'^ 

445  T.  S.,  H.  T   E, 

C'ii;ciiina!i 

Clt-Teland 

MOO     0 
292     0 
50i     0 
412     0 
230    0 
450    0 
29.'    0 
292     0 
257     0 

42    o;  18    0 
44    ol    15     9 

2.5 
2iVl 

1 

y^ 

1.5 
2.5 

\ 

341  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 
308  r   S  ,  V   T    E 

C"lora.lo 

69     6 
58    2 

36  0 
76  10 
44    0 
44    0 

37  0 

24    1 

22  6 

13  5 
24    6 
15    9 
15    9 

14  8 
12    6 
12    3 
12    2 

15  9 

11  0 

23  9 
9     0 

24  8 
24    0 
23  10 

23  10 

12  3 
12    3 

24  6 
15     0 
23  10 

23  10 

24  6 
1-'     0 
24    3 
14     7 
12     2 
24     1 

23  10 
14    6 

24  6 
22     6 

22  6 
24    6 

23  8 

24  8 
14     7 

25  0 
14  10 
14     7 

11  0 
2!    9 

12  5 
19     9 
24     6 
23     9 
M<     0 

2-18 

5to6 

4 
4 

% 
3 

787  T.  S.    V   T   e' 

Coliimbi.i 

(,'iincor  1 

4 
4-2  i 

"i 

li 

ii 
'9 

16 
IS 
14 

'9 

6 

16.5 

16.5 

11 

•  • 

11 

6 
18 

7 
U 

11 
9 
9 
5 

13 

ii 

11 

'9 
11 

'4 

1? 

is 

'6 

►-. 
14 

ii 

465  3'.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 
191  T.  S     H   T   E. 

Connecticut  

815  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Denver 

2&1 

V„ 

308  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Lies  Muiiies  

2&1       % 
7-1615-16 

308  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

])etr'it 

263  T.  S.    V   T.  E. 

]  )un  .7  uaii  lie  Austria 

210     0    32     0 
174     0    35     0 
252     0    50    0 
292     0    44     0 

2&i 

•• 
3 

r.5 
y^ 

129  S.  S. 

149  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

1"8  r.  S.   V  T   E 

G.tl  veston 

308  r.  S..  V.  T.  E 

General  Alara 

212     6 
435     0 
259     0 
375     0 
380    0 
348    0 
360    0 
192    0 
192     0 
450    0 
•.'59     0 
3^8     0 
368     0 
450    0 
•.'04    0 
388    0 
257     0 
174    0 
502     0 
348    0 
25'."     0 
348    0 

29  9 

76  2 
40     0 

77  0 
72     2 
69     3 
72     2 

30  0 
30    0 
76  10 
43    5 
7:;     2 
72     2 
76  10 
32     1 
72     2 
37     0 
34    0 
69     6 
6y    3 
55     6 

.80     2 

80  S.  S.,  T.  E. 

Georjfia 

1,705 

4-91 

772  T.  .S.,  V.  T   E. 

Helena 

300       .. 
1,750  2-18 
1,270|4-18 
1,4751 -2-18 
1,660  4-14 

195       .. 

195       .. 
2,'JliO  4-21 

193       . . 
1,. 503 1 4-1 8 
1.50314-18 
'.',200  4-21 

%  5-16 

173  T.  S.    V.  T.  K. 

l.laho 

lilin-'is 

luiiiana 

3 
4 
3 
3 
2.5 
2.5 
3 
6 
5 

3 

2-^ 
2"^ 
1% 
1.5 
1.5 
3 
2 
'^V 

691 

647 

484 

r.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 
r.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 
r.  S.,  \  .  T.  E. 

546 

r.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Isla  de  Cuha.         

136 

1.  S       H     T    F. 

Isia  de  Lu/.oti 

134 'r.s.;  il.  T.  E 
815  r.  S.,  V.  T.  E, 

Katahlin 

90  T.  S.,  H    T.  E. 

Kiai  saige 

618  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

5    1% 
■i\       3 

41       2 
7-16  5-16 

616  T.  S.,  V.  T.  K. 

l^ouisiann 

815  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Alachias   

280 
1,867 

335 

241 
2,024 
1,475 

260 
2,200 
1,600 

2-i8 

2-i8 
3-18 

'2 

143  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Sfaiui^ 

614  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Marblehead 

258  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E, 

Marietta 

..      ..,    u 

4     1.51      41 

134  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

787  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

3 

25i 

3 

'■}. 

35 
16 
51 
36 
33 
41 
40 
34 
14 
40 
19 
21 
11 
40 
13 
35 
41 
40 
24 
11 
25 
40 
71 
30 
35 
9 
41 

483  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Miant'Mioiiioh. . .    

Michij^an 

'3 
8 

164  T.  S.,  I.  C. 
818  T.  S  ,  V.  T.  E. 

IVIi!  WHukee 

424    0 

66     0 

634  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Miiinevpolis 

412    0 
750     0 
388     0 
37,1     0 
259     6 
502     0 

256  0 

257  0 
220     II 
435     0 
252     0 
311     5 

58  2 

76  10 
?■'     2 

77  II 
55     6 
.2  10 

59  0 

37  0 

38  1 
76     2 
50     0 
49     2 

1,844  4 

2,'200;7-21 
1,83712-18 
1,750  2-18 
386       .. 
2,014  4-21 

4    2.5 

3  3 

4  2.6 
3        3 

•4  '^ 
3 

7.16  .5-16 
%  5-16 

500  T.  S..  V.  T.  E. 

815T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Mis-  ourt 

612  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Jlissiasippi 

Jlo  ia  inock 

'   691'T.f5.,  V.  T.  K. 
210  T.  S.,  H.  T.  E. 

Montan:i 

821  T.  !=>.,  V.  T.  E. 

M')iiterev 

233 
340 
4011 

.. 

215  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

Naslifille 

232  T. .%.,  V.  T.  E.     ' 
167|T.  S.,  Q.T.  E. 
772|T.  S.,  V.r.  £•. 

1,705 

4-..') 

3 

3 

Nevada 

33b 1      .. 

882 1      .. 
2,3I4'4--.'1 
1,705  4-21 

7«7i      .. 

237]      .. 
1,334  2 
2,014  4-21 
2,000  2-18 
1,136|      .. 
1,449  3-18 

200j  .   . . 
l,828'2-l-< 

213|      .. 
1.0741      ., 

239  .. 
314       .. 
571      '.. 

240  .. 
1,705  4-Vl 

'3 
3 
3 
3 

'e 

4 
4 

1.5 
2 
3 
3 

'3 

2 

9  ■; 

158  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 

396  T.  .S.,  H.  T.  E. 

New  Hampshire 

450     0    76  10 
435     0     76     2 
346     0    4:4     9 

841  't.  .S.,  V.  T.  JS. 

New  Jers'-y 

472  T.  i^.,  V.  T.  E. 

Ne^v  Orle.'tns  

X42  S.  S.,  V.  I'.  K. 

NewpfTt 

16H     Oi   %<^     0     12     2 
.380     6     64  10     -iS     3 
50V     o!    72   10!    25     0 
.•:88     0    72     2j   23     7 
340    0    5::    0    21     6 
348     I     69     3    24     61 

108  r.  S.,  \,  T.  E. 

New  York 

473T.  S.,  V.  r.  E. 

North  Carolina 

1 »h'0..   

821  T.  S.,  V.  T.  E. 
'6-28  T.  S.,  \'.  r.  F.. 

4^1       3 
3    1% 

'4   lis 

454,1".  S.,  V.  T.  E, 

( (reeon 

505  r.  s;,  V.  r.  e. 

I'.iducah, 

174     0    "5     0 
502     0    6'«     6 
176     3    31     0 
327     6    48     7 
168     0,  36     0 
•-■90    3    60     1 
300     0.   4-.'     II 
•.'92     0    43     3 

12    3 
24     1 

11  6 
19     6 

12  9 
18     0 

15  0 

16  9 

149  T.  S..  V.  T.  E. 

reiiDsylvania 

787  T.  S.,  V   T.  E. 

Petrel 

%.  5-16!       81 

126  T.  .S.,  H.  T.  E. 

riiiladelpliia 

4     2.51 

34 
U 
22 
2U 
15 
40 

359  T.  S.,  H.T.  E. 

2^5 
'3 

i 
1    1 

'3 

130  S.  S.,  V.  T.  K. 

rurilMii 

UnM-h 

hrin  1  .Me  ceies 

■  -l^  T.  S.,  H.  C. 
297,T.  S.,  V.T.  K. 
51O;         

It^o^t  Iflaud 

436     01   76     2 

?3     ? 

772jT.  S.,  V.  f.  6, 

The  KaviJ. 


671 


THE  '^kYy—Continwd. 


DIMEXSrONS,  COAL  SUPPLY,  ARMOR,  AND  COMPLEMENT. 


Vessels. 


o  . 


OS 


a 


M 


San  Kr.ipcisco. 
South  Carol  na 
South  Daki.t;'... 

St.  I.oiiis 

Taci'ini 

'I'.nnessee 

Terror 

Texas 

Topeka  ,'. 

Vermont. ...... 

Vi^;k.-buig 

Vii'iiiiiia 

Washington. . . 
AVest  Virginia. 

■NVhe-ling 

'\Vilniin;;t.jn  .. . 

AVivcnsiii 

Wyoming 

Yorktown 


Ft.     1 

:no 

450 

.50-i 
4-24 

n-i 

oO'i 
259 
301- 
550 
450 
18S 
43.^. 
50-2 
502 
174 
ioO 

s-s 

.-  252 
230 


Ft. 

)M 

Ft. 

In 

-19 

3 

20 

4 

^0 

2 

24 

6 

(■9 

i: 

24 

1 

6i; 

0 

22 

6 

44 

1 

15 

9 

-2 

10 

25 

0 

55 

6 

14 

6 

64 

1 

22 

6 

35 

0 

17 

9 

76 

10 

24 

6 

3t) 

II 

12 

1 

76 

2 

23 

9 

7J 

10 

25 

0 

69 

6 

24 

1 

34 

0 

12 

3 

40 

0 

9 

0 

72 

2; 

23 

8 

60 

0 

n 

4 

36 

0 

14 

2 

& 

s  — 
B  § 


Tons 
350 
900 
900 
650 
467 
910 
250 
500 
273 
900 
100 
900 
900 
900 
liO 
100 
8.00 
381 
200 


1.   s 


ca 

Tons. 

678 

2,200 

2,024 

1,600 

703 

1,762 

285 

845 

410 

2,2ii0 

239 

1,705 


:-    O 

s  e- 


2 
2-18 


4-21 


4-21 


4-21 
1,762  4-21 
2,024  2-18 

241       .. 

800  .. 
1,2-15  4-18116.5 


Armor. 


381 
381 


11 


12 
6.5 


9 

11.5 

12 


12 

i2 

9 

6.5 


in. 

ia 

6 


I'ROTKC- 

TIVK 

17BCK. 


l!l. 

3 
3 

4 
3 
3&1 


10 

io 

7 
6 


2 

3 

1.5 

2 

^. 
1.5 


1.5 


3 
4 

4!   1-5 

^  5-i6 

4  i'X 

..  1.5 

%  % 


COMPLE- 
Mh.NT. 


E 


Tyj.e  of 


24 

319 

T 

61 

818 

r 

41 

787 

r 

.iG 

634 

T 

19 

308 

r 

40 

816 

r 

14 

164 

r 

30 

398 

T. 

21 

131 

I'. 

41 

815 

T 

11 

128 

s. 

40 

772 

T. 

40 

816 

T. 

41 

787 

T. 

9 

129 

T. 

10 

189 

T. 

o4 

647 

T. 

13 

158 

1. 

14 

182 

S. 

S.,  II 
S.,  V 
s.,  V, 
S.,  V 
S..  V, 
S,,  V, 
S,  I. 
S.,  V. 
S..  H. 
S.,  V. 
S.,  V. 
S.,  V. 
S.,  V. 
S.,V. 
S..  V, 
S.,  V. 
S.,  T. 
S.,V. 
S,  H. 


.  T.  E. 

T.  K. 

,  T.  E. 

,  r.  K. 

T.  E. 
T.  E. 
C. 

•r.  E. 
,  c. 

T.  E, 
T.  E. 
r.  E. 
T.  E. 
r.  K. 
T.  E. 
T.  E. 
V.  E. 
T.  E. 
T.  E. 


OLD   VESSKL.S. 

There  are  in  the  Navy  a  small  number  of  old  vessels  w'nicli  are  unserviceable  for  war  purposes.  Seven  of  these  vessels  are 
in  service  :is  receiving  ships  ai  tue  prinoip;iI  navy  yards. 

TUGS. 

There  are  41  tiigs  in  the  Xaval  Service,  of  which  the  Potomic  has  a  displacement  of  785  Ions,  and  the  two  smallest,  the 
Chickas:iw  and  Kapido,  100  tons.  These  vessels  are  ilistributed  anmng  the  various  naval  stations  in  the  United  Stales  ami  the 
Philippine  Islands. 

VKSSKLS   USED    BY    NAVAL    MILITIA. 

The  following  vessels  are  being  used  by  the  various  State  naval  militia  :  Aileen,  Alert,  Alvarado,  Dorothea,  Elfrida,  Enter 
prise,  Gopher,  Hawk,  Huntress,  Inca,  Oueida,  Monongahela,  I'inta,  Portsmouth,  Puritan,  Sh-arwater,  Stranger,  Sylvia,  and 
Vautic. 

SUMMARY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  NAVY. 

Battleships  (first  and  second  cla8-<),  27  ( including  those  almo-t  completed)  ;  Armored  Cruisers,  8,  Cruisers,  first  cl.iss,  5, 
Cruiseis,  second  cla>s,  7;  Cruisers,  third  class,  16;  Torpedo  Boat  Destroyers,  l»i;  T'lped'  Boats,  36;  Submarines,  S;  .Monitors, 
10;  Wooden  Cruisers,  4;  Gunboats,  40;  Tr.4n--ports,  7;  Supply  Shijis,  7;  Hospital  Ship,  I-.  Colliers,  l:,;  Converted  Yachts,  "4, 
Tugs,  41;  Training  Sailing  Ships,  5;  Keceivn;;  Ships,  7;  Unserviceable,  8. 

NAVY.YARDS. 


1.  Brooklyn  Navy-Y'ard,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

2.  Ciiarlestown  Navy- Yard,  Boston,  Mass. 
::.  Portsmouth  Navy-Yard,  near  Xnrtolk,  Va. 
4.  Kittery  Navy-Yard,  oi>p<)sile  Portsmouth,  N.  H 

There  are  naval  stations  at  P.rt  Uoyal.  S.  C; 
I.ake<,  North  Chicago,  HI.  ;  a  t^rped"  anl  training 
Cal.,  an^i  the  Naval  War  College,  Newi)Ort,  K.  I. 

■Naval  stations  have  been  estaldisheil  at  Tutuila,  Samoa;  Island  of  C-uam  ;  San  Juan,  Porto  Uico ;  ('iilebra, 
(Ju:*:  tanamii,  Cuba;  H"U'>lnlu,  li.  I.,  and  Ca.vite,  Philippine  Islands,  The  latter  has  become  an  impurtant  naval  l.ase 
Asiatic  sqnadron. 


Charleston, 


5.  League  Island  Navy-Yard,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

6.  Mare  Island  Navy-Yard,  near  San  Franuseo.  Cal. 

7.  Washington  City  Navy-Yard,  Washinj;tiu,  1).  C. 

8.  Puget  Siund  Navy  Yard,  Bremerton,  Wash. 
S.  C;    Key  West,  Fla.;   IVnsacola,  Fla.  ;    Algiers,  I-a. 


station  at  New[iort,  K.  I.,  and  .i  training  station  on  Yerba  ltu<  na 


fJreat 

Islau.i, 

W.  I.  : 

f  r  the 


UNITED    STATES    E^AVAL    ENLISTMENT. 

The  term  of  enlistmeul  of  all  enlisted  men  of  the^Navy  is  four  years.  ZVIinors  over  the  ase  of 
eigliteeii  may  be  enlisted  witliotit  consent  of  parents  or  gnardians,  bul  ininois  nndor,  hiit  rlaiiuiiig 
to  he  over  eighteen  years  of  as<e,aie  liable,  if  enlisted,  to  piuiishnient  lor  fraudulent  enlistment. 
Only  such  persons  shall  be  en li.sted  as  can  reasonably  be  expected  to  remain  in  the  .•service.  Every 
person,  before  being  enlisted,  mnst  pass  the  physical  examination  prescribed  in  the  medical  instruc- 
tions. .Applicants  for  enlistment  mnst  be  American  citizens,  abl^  to  read  and  write  English,  and 
when  enlisted  must  take  the  oath  of  allegiance.     No  person  under  the  age  of  seventeen  can  be  enlisted. 


RELATIVE    RANK    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES    ARMY    AND    NAVY. 

Sectiou  1466  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States. 


Generals  rank  with  Admirals. 
Lieutenant-Geuerals  rank  with  Vice- Admirals. 
Major-(jenerals  rank  with   first  nine   Rear-.\d- 

miral.s. 
Brigadier- Generals   rank   with   Rear- Admirals 

3,fter  the  lirst  uine  and  Commodores. 
Colonels  rank  with  Captains. 


Lieutenant-Colonels  r.ink  with  Commanders. 
.Majors  rank  with  Lieutenant-Commanders. 
Captains  rank  with  Ijeiitcnants. 
I'Mrst   fiieulenants  rank  with   Lieutenants  Junior 

Grade. 
Second  fjieutenants  rank  with  Ensigns. 
Cadets  rank  with  Midshipmen. 


672 


The  Kmy. 


THE  ^KW —Continued. 


UNITED    STATES    NAVY    PAY    TABLE. 


Rank. 


At 
Sea. 


On 
Shore 
Diitv. 


Admiral 

llHUf-Adiuiials. first  nine  — 

K^^ur- Admirals,  second  nine. 

lJri!,M<iH  i-GcMiM-al,  Com- 
n»:i:idaiil  .Marine  Corps 

Cai>tains 

Conunanders 

I.,ieiitenunt-C'omma,nders — 

Lieutenants 

Lieutenants  (Junior  Grade;. 

Ensigrns  

Chief  Boatswain,  Chief  Gun- 
ners, Chief  Carpenters, 
Cliief  Sailniakers 

Naval  Cadets 

Mates 


$13,500  «3,5(W 
5,500 


/  .500 
5,500 


3.500 
3,0(10 
2.500 
1,800 
1,500 
1,400 


1,400 
600 
900 


3,500 
3,000 
2,500 
1,800 
1,500 
1,400 


1,400 
500 
900 


On  Lesve 

or  Waitinu 
Oiiiers. 


$500 
500 


Rank. 


>redical  and  Pay  Directors 
j  and  Inspectors' having  tlie 
^    same  rank  at  sea 

Fleet-Surgeons  and  Fleet- 
I    Paymasters 


Surgeons  and  Paymasters, 


Chaplains. 


Professors  and  Civil  Engi- 
neers   


Naval  Constructors. 


At 

Sea. 


(On  Lf.ive 

ior  Waiting 
Orders. 


$4,400 


4,400 
(-2,800 
.     to 
(4.200 

2,500 
to 

2,800 
(2,400 
s    to 
(3,500 


{ 


!r2  40(1 

♦2,000 

to 

to 

4,000 

3,000 

2,00(1 

1.600 

to 

to 

2,30(1 

1,900 

2,400 

1,500 

to 

to 

3.500 

2  HOC 

3,'2(Ki 

2,200 

to 

In 

4,200 

3.200 

On 
.shore 
l>uly. 


All  officers  paid  under  this  table,  below  the  rank  of  Rear-Aamiral,  are  entitled  to  10  i^ercent. 
increase  upon  the  full  yearly  pay  of  their  grades  for  each  and  every  period  of  five  years'  service  as 
"longevity  nay,"  computed  upon  their  total  actual  service  in  the  Navy  or  Marine  Corps,  provided 
that  the  total  amount  of  such  iucrea.se  shall  not  exceed  40  per  cent,  upon  the  full  yearly  pay  of 
their  errade. 

Officers  of  the  line,  medical  and  pay  corps,  commissioned  prior  to  July  1.  1899,  are  entitled  to 
receive  pay  according  to  the  then  existing  law  whenever  it  is  in  excess  of  tlie  pay  of  olliceraof 
corresponding  rank  in  the  Army. 

Omcers  ordered  to  ".shore  dutj'  beyond  seas"  are  entitled  to  sea  pay  plus  10  per  cent,  increa.se 
while  taking  passage  in  a  merchant  vessel  to  their  posts  of  dutv. 

Chaplains  al)ove  rank  of  Lieutenant  receive  the  pay  and  allowances  of  a  Lieutenant-Commander 
in  the  Navv  according  to  the  length  of  service  under  the  provisions  of  law  for  that  rank. 

\Varran"t  officers  (boatswains,  gunners,  carpenters,  sailmakers,  pharmacists,  and  warrant 
machinists)  are  paid  from  $1,200  to  $1,800  a  year. 

Commandants"  clerks  and  paymasters'  clerks  receive  from  $1,000  to  §1,800  a  year. 

Pettv  officers  (masters-at-arms,  boatswains'  mates,  gunners'  mates,  gun  captains,  quartermas- 
ters, machinists,  hospital  stewards,  yeomen,  bandmasters,  fii-st  musicians,  coxswains,  electricians, 
boiler-makers,  coppersmiths,  blacksmiths,  plumbers  and  titters,  sailmakers'  mates,  carpeplers' 
mates,  oilers,  printers,  painters,  water  tenders,  and  hospital  apprentices,  first  clas.s,  receive  from 
$360  to  $840  a  year. 

The  pay  of  first-class  seamen  per  mouth  is  $24;  seamen  gunners,  $26;  firemen,  first  class,  $35; 
musicians.'first  class,  $32, 

Tbe  pay  of  second-class  seamen  per  month  is:  Ordinary  seamen,  $19;  firemen,  second  cla.ss,  $30; 
shipwrights,  $25;  musicians,  second  cla.ss.  $30. 

The  pay  of  third-class  seamen  per  mouth  is:  Landsmen,  for  training,  $16;  coal  passers,  $22; 
apprentices,  third  class,  $9.  

VESSELS    OF    THE    NAVY    IN    COMMISSION. 

Corrected  TO  December  1,  1907. 

ATLANTIC  FLEET. 

Rear-Admiral  Kobley  I).  Evans,  Commander-in-Chief. 

FIRST  SQUADRON. 

FIRST   DIVISION. 

Connecticut,  Ist   C.  B.  S.  (Flagship   of  I  Kansas,  1st  C.  B.  S.  .Capt.C.E.Vreeland.  I  Vermont,  1st  C.  B.S., 

Kear-Admlral  Evans),  Louisiana,  1st  C.  B.  S.,  Capt.  Wtllism  P.  Potter. 

Capt.  Hugo  Osterhaus.  |  Capt.  Uichard  Waiawright.  \ 

SECOND    DIVISION. 

Rear-Admtrfil  William  H.  Emory,  Commander. 


Georgia,  Ist  C.  B.  S.  (Flagship  of  Rear- 

Admiral  Emory> Capl.  H.  MeCrea. 

Virginia,  IstC.  B.  S..Capt.  S.  Schroeder. 


New  Jersey,  1st  C.  B.  H., 

CapL  Wm.  II.  H.  Southerland. 


Rhode  Island,  1st  C.  B.  S., 

Capt.  Joseph  P.  Murdock. 


SECOND  SQUADRON. 
Rear-Admiral  Charles  M.  Thomas,  Commander. 

THIRD    DIVISION. 

Minnesota,  IstC.  B.  S.  (FliffsUpof  Rear-  I  Ohio,  1st  C.  B.  S.. .  .Capt.  C.  W.  Bnrtlett.  |  Missouri,  lit  C.  B.  S., 
Admiral  Thomas)...  Capt.  J.  Uubb-ird.  |  Maine,  IstC.  B.  S.. Capt. Giles  B.  Harber.  |  Capt.  Greenlief  A.  Merrlain. 

POrBTH    DIVISION. 

Renr-Admlral  Charles  .S.  Sperry,  Commander. 


Alabama,  Ist  C.  B.  S.  (Flagship  of  Rear- 
Admiral  ^i-erry), 

Capt.  Ten  Eyck  D.  W.  Veeiler. 


Illinol<!,  IstC.  B.  8.. Capt.  J.  M.  Bowyer. 
Kentucky,  IstC.  B..S., 

Capt. Walter  C.  Cowles. 

THIRD  SQUADRON. 

FIFTH    DIVISION. 

Des  Moines,  P.C.Ment.  Llovd  9.  Shapley,  I  Prairie,  C.  C.  .Com.  Albert  A.Ackerman. 
in  teiuporary  command.  (  Scorpion,  C.  G.  ..Lieut. -Com.  C.  M.  Fahs. 

SIXTH    DIVISION. 

Dubiiqne,  G Com.  Thomas  8.  Rogers  |  Marietta,  O...Com.  William  J.  Maxwell.  I  Paduoah,  G Com.  rhom.-«s  D.  Griflln. 

SECOND  TORPEDO  FT-OTILLA. 
Lieut.  Hutch  L  Cone.  Flotilla  Commander. 


Kearsarge,  Ist  C.  B.  S., 

Capt.  Hamiltou  Hutchin*. 


Tiicoma,  P.  C....Com.  Benjamin  Tappan. 


Whfpl-  'dest.) Lieut.  Hutch  I.  Cone. 

Art;thu-a  (  Biip|>lv  sh'p), 

'  Com.  Albert  W.  Graat. 


HopklDS  (dest.). .Lieut.  Alfred  G.  Howe. 

Hull  (dei^t.) L'eit.  F.  .McCommon. 

Lawrence  (dest.). .  .  .Eneign  E.Kriedrick. 


Tru2tun  (dest.) Meiit.  C.8.  Kerrl.k. 

Stew.irt  (dest.) Lieut,  Fred.  Heilwej. 


The  Kavy. 


fi73 


THE  "S ANY— Continued. 


THIUD  TOKPEUO  FLOTILLA. 

Lieut.  Willis  G.  Mitchell,  Flotilla  Commander. 


Stringham, T.  B.  .Liput..^m.  G.  Mitchell. 
Delong,  T.  B..  .Ensign  Frank  H.  Sadler. 

Abarenda  (collier),  iner.  com., 

George  W.  Worley,  Master 
Ajax  (collier),  mer.  coin. 

Joseph  S.  Hutchinson,  Ma.ster, 
Brntus  (collier),  mer.  com., 

George  McDi>nald,  Master. 
Caesar  (col.),  iner.  com., 

l(ich:trJ  J.  Easton,  Ma.ster. 


Shut.rick,T.  B Lieut.  Haro'dE.  Cook. 

Stockton,  T.  B... Lieut.  Tiios.  L.  Ozburu. 

FLEET    AUXILIARIES. 

Culgoa  (supply  ship), 

Lieut.-Com.  John  B.  Patton. 
Glacier  (supply  ship),  Com.VVm.  S.  Hogg. 
Hannibal  (collier)  mer.  com., 

Albert  B.  Kandolph,  Ma.ster. 
LeonKlas  (collier)  m<T.  cvm., 

.Joseph  T.  Uodgers,  Master. 
Marcellus  (co'lier)  mer.  com., 

Thomas  A  damson,  Master, 

PACIFIC  FLEET. 

Rear-Admiral  James  H.  Dayton,  Commander-in-Chief, 

FIKST  SQUADKOX. 

FIKST    DIVISION. 


Thornton,  T.  B... Ensign  C.  A.  Blakeley. 


Nero  (collier),  mer.  com., 

William  U.  Ktfuned^,  Master. 
Panther  (repair  ship). 

Com.  Valentine  S.  Kelson. 
Sterling  (collier),  mer.  com., 

Gustav  E.  Petteraon,  Master. 
Yankton  (tender) 

Lieut.  Walter  R.  Gherardi. 


West  Virginia,  A.  C.  (fla<:ship  of  Rear- 
Admiral  Dayton),  Capt.  John  B. Milton. 


Colorado,  A.  C, 

Capt.  Sidney  A.  Staunton. 


Maryland,  .A. C,  Capt.  ChaunceyTlinmas. 
Pennsylvania,  A.  C... Capt.  Aaron  Ward. 


Chattanooga,!' .  C . . . .Com.  Koy  C.  Smith. 


Cleveland,  F.C. . .  .Com.  John  T.  Kewton. 


Wilmington,  G . .  .Com.  William  E.  Rush. 


SECOND     DIVISION. 

I  Galveston,  P.  C Com.  Ben.  W.  Hodges. 

,  Denver,  P.  C Com.  Wm.  B.  Caperton.  | 

SECOND   SQUADRON. 
Rear-Admiral  William  T.  Swinburne,  Commander. 

THIKD    DIVISION. 

Charleston,  P.C.(  flagship,  Rpar-Admiral  I  Chicago,  P.  C Com.  RoSert  M.Doyle.  I  St.  Louis,  P.C..  Com.  Nathaniel  K.  Usher. 

Swinburne) Com.  Frank  E.  Beatty  |  Milwaukee,  P.  C....Com.  Chas.  A.Gove.  |  —— 

FOURTH    DIVISION. 

Albany,  P.  C Com.  Henry  T.  Mayo.  |  Yoiktown,  G Com.  James  H.  Glcnnor.. 

THIRD  SQUADRON. 
Rear-Admiral  Joseph  N.  HemphiU,  Commander. 

FIFTH    DIVISION. 

Rainbow  (flagship,  Rear-Admiral  Hemp-  I  Concord,  G Com.  James  H.  Sears.  1 

hill),  Lieut.-Com. . ..  Joseph  L.  Jayne.  |  Helena,  G Com.  Richard  M.  Hugbes.  | 

SIXTH    DIVISION. 

Callao,  U Lieut.  Guy  Whitlock.  I  Quires Licut.  Hurlan  P.  Perrill  |  ViUalobos,  O..Lient.Adolphus  Andrews. 

COAST   DEFENCE. 

Monterey,  M .   Lieut.  David  W.  Todd. 

FIRST  TORPEDO  FLOTILLA. 

Lieut.  Frank  R.  McCrary,  Flotilla  Commander. 

Chauncey  (destroyer) Lieut.  Frank  R,  McCrary,  |  Barry  (destroyer) ...Ensign  David  Lyons, 

FOURTH   TORPEDO  FLOTILLA. 
Perry  (destroyer) Lieut.  Edgar  B.Larimer.  |  I'reble  (destroyer)..! Lieut.  Frederick  N.  Freeman. 

FLIlET   AUXILIARIES. 

Alexander  (col.),  mer.  com.,  I  Justin  (col.), 

Edward  W.  Heuricks,  Master.  I  Henry  T.  Meriwether,  Master. 

Irts  (col.),  mer.  com.,  I  Nanshan  (col.),  mer.  com. 

A.  M.  Whitton,  Master.  |  Isaac  Carver,  Master. 


Pompey  (coL),  mer.  com., 

James  Smith,  Master. 
Saturn  (col.),  mer.com. 

Joseph  NewsU,  Master. 


Adams,  CCom. Lewis  J.  Clark,  retired. 
Arkansas, M.. Com.  Harry  M.  Dombaujh. 

Bro-.klvn,  A.  C Capt.  John  B.  Collins 

Buffalo,  C.G Com.  Charles  F.  Po,  d. 

California,  A.  C Capt.  V.  L.  Cottman 

Doiphin  (  despatcii  boat  i, 

Lieut.-Com.  Thomas  Washington. 
Eagle,  C.  G.. Lieut. -Com.  G.  R.  Marvell. 
FlorMa,  M.,  Com.  James  P.  Parker,  in 
reserve  at  Nav.  AeaJ.,  Annapolis,  Md. 


VESSELS  ON  SPECLAL  SERVICE  OR  UNASSIGNED. 


Hartford,  C Com.  Albert  P.  Niblack. 

lndiau.s,  1st  C.  B.  S..Capt.  I>.  H.  Mahan. 
Lcbai.ou  (collier),  merchant  complement, 
Jereniiah  Merithcw,  Master. 
Mayflower  (despatch  boat), 

Lieut.-Com.  Carl  T.  Vnge'gesan?. 
Miantonomoh,  M.  .Ch.  Bisn.,E.  M.  Isaacs. 
Nebraska.lst  C.B.S..Capt.R.F.Ni  holson 
Nevada,  M, .  .Com.  Harry  McL.  P.  Hose. 


SPECIAL  SERVICE  SQUADRON. 
Rear-Admiral  Uriel  Se'ree,  Jommander. 

Tennessee,  A.  C.  (Flagship) Capt.  Thomas  B.  Howard.  |  Washington,  A.  C. 

FIRST  SUBMARINE  FLOTILLA. 


Olympla,  P.  C,  In  reserve  at  Naval 

Academy,  Annapo  is.  Md. 

Peoria Boatswain  Harold  Olsen. 

Potomac  (lug)  .  .Ch.Btsn.  Fred'k  -MhI  er. 
South  Dakota,  A.C.  .Capt.  Ciiarles  E.  1-ox, 

Sylph,  C.G Lieut.  Roscoe  C.  Bulmer. 

Uni-as  (tug)..  Boatswain  Aug.Wihltoan. 
Wasp,  C.  Q..  ..Lieut.  James  .\.  Campbell. 
Wolverine,  C.Com.  Horace  W.  Hanison. 


.  .Capt  Austin  M.  Kn'ght. 


Porpoise Ensign  Prentiss  P.  Bassett. 


Lieut.  Guy  W.  C.i-stle,  Commander. 

I  Shark Lieut.  Guy  W.  Castle. 

I  Plunger Lieut.  Gny  W.  Caslle. 

SECOND  SUBMARINE  FLOTILLA. 


Nina  (tender)... Chief  Btsn.8.  McCarthy. 


Lieut.  Charles  E.  Courtney,  Commander. 

lllst  (tender)... Lieut.  Chas.E.  Courtney.  |  Vlj^er Lieut.  Dontld  C.  Biiijrham.  I  Cuttlefish... Lieut.  Edward  J.  Marqn.art. 

TORPEDO     VESSELS    ON     SPECIAL    SEltVICE. 

Davis Lieut.  Wallace  Bertholf .  |  Furragut Lieut.  Wallace  Berthulf.  |  Fox Lieut.  Wallace  Bertholf, 

FISH     COMMISSION    STEAMERS. 

Albatross Lieut.-Com.  Mar.  Johnston.  |  Fish  Hawk Lieut.  Jos.  L.  Hileman 

STATE  NAUTICAL  SCHCXDL  SHIPS. 


Enterprise  ("Mass.  Nautical  School  Ship\ 
Com.  Wllli;ua  F.  Low,  retired.  Ad- 
dress, Bostou,  Mass. 


Newport,  G.  (New  York  Nautical  School 
Siiip),  Com.  Gusuivus  C.  Uanu^,  re- 
tired. 


St.  Mary's  (auxiliary  to  nautical  school 
ship).    At  New  York  City. 


Abbreviations:  1st  C.  B.   S.— First-class   battleship.     A.   C — Armored   cruiser.     P.   C— Protected  cruiser,     C.  C— Con. 

verted  cruiser.     C. — Cruiser.     C.G. — Converted  gunljoat.     Col.— Collier.      Dest. — Destroyer.      G Gunboat.      M. Monitor. 

Mer.  Com.— Merchant  complement.    T.  B.— Torpedo  boat.    Sta.  ship — Station  ship.    K.  8. — Receiving  ship. 


674 


t>iploniatic  and  Consular  Service. 


Biplomatic  antr  ia^onsular  <Setl)ice, 

AMBASSADORS  KXTRAOKDINARy  AXI)  PLENIPOTENTIARY, 


Country.  Name  and  Stat^.  Salary. 

Aust.- Hungary.  Charles S.  Fniiicis,  N.Y.... $17,500 

Brazil Irving  B.  Dudley,  Ciil 17,500 

France Henry  Whito,  R.  1 17.500 

Germany David  J.   Hill.  N.  Y 17.500 

Great  Britain...  Whilelaw  Reid,  N.  V 17,500 


Cojtntr}/.  Name  and  State.  Salaii;. 

Italy Lloyd  C  Griscom,  Pa iS17,6oo 

Japan Thomas  J.  O' Erien,  Mich..  17,500 

jVIexico David  Y..  Thompson,  Neb..  17,o(io 

liuissia John  W.  Riddle.  Minn 17,500 

Turkey JolinG.  A.  Leishniau,  Pa..   17,500 


Nicaragua William  I,.  Merry,  Cal.t  .  ..$10,000 

Norwaj' Herbert H.  D. Peirce,  Mass.    10,00o 

I'anama Herbert  G.  Squiers,  N.  Y. ..  10,000 

Paraguay Edward  C. O'Brien, N.  Y.t.  10,00« 

Persia JolinB.  Jackson,  N.J 10,00U 

Peru lieslie  Combs,  Kv 10,00(1 

Portugal Charles  Pa^e  Brvan,  111 10,00(» 


ENVOYS    EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTERS  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

Argentine  Rep.Spencer  8.  Eddy,  111 $12,000 

Belgium Henry  Lane  Wilson,  Wash.  12,000 

Bolivia William   P..  Sor.sby,  Miss. . .  10,000 

Chile John  Hicks.  Wis 10,000 

China W.  W.  Rockhill,  D.C 12,000 

Colombia Thomas  C.  Daw.sou,  Iowa..  10,000 

Cuba Kdwin  V.  Morgan,  N.    Y...  12,000 

Denmark Maurice  Francis  Egan,D.C.  Id.OtiO 

Ecuador Williams  C.  Fox,  N.  J lo.ooO 

Greece Richmond  Pearson   N.C.  tt  lO.ooo 

Guatemala Toseoh  W.  J.  Lee,  INId 10,000 

Hayti Henry  W.  Furniss,  Ind 10,000 

INIorocco Samuel  U.Gummere,X.J  . ...  lO.OdO 

Netherlands.... Arthur  M.  Beaupre,  111.**..  12,000 

MINISTERS  RESIDENT  AND    CONSULS-GENERAL. 

Dominican  Rep.FcntouR.  McCreery,  Mich. .  10,000  |  Liberia Ernest  Lyon,  Md 

SECRETARIES  OK    E^r^ASSTES   AND   LEGATIONS. 


Salvador IT.  Percivai  Dodge.Mass.JJ. 

.servia Horace  G  .Kno  wles,  Del..*. . 

Siam Hamilton  Kins.  ]Mich 

Spain William  M.Collier,  N.Y  ... 

Sweden Charles  H.  Graves,  Minn... 

Switzerland Brutus  J.Clay,  Ky 

Venezuela William  W.Russell,  D.  C. 


10,00(» 
10,000 
10  000 
12,00'» 
10.000 
10,000 
10,000 

$5,00U 


Argentine  Rep.CharlesS.  Wir-on,  Me $2,625 


Aust.-Hungarj-George  B.  Rives,  N.  Y. 
Aust.-Hungary.X.O'Shanghnessy,N.Y.(2d) 

Brazil (tco.  L.  I/Orillard.  R.\ 

Belgium Robert  W.  Bliss,  N.Y 

Chile Henry  li.  .Fanes,  Wis- 

China Henrj^R.  Fletcher.  Pa 

China ..F.  M.  Dearing,  Mo.(2d  Sec.) 

Colombia '.William  Heimke,  N.  Y 

Cuba A. Campbell  Turner,  Mo. 


3,000 
2.000 
3,0110 
2,625 
2,000 
2,625 
1,800 
2,000 
1.500 


$3,000 
2,000 
3,000 
2,000 
^,000 


Japan Peter  A.Jay,  H.  I 

Japan George  P.  Wheeler,  Wash 

Mexico John  G.  Coolidge,  Ma.ss. 

Mexico Paxlon  Hibben,  Ind.  (2d) 

Morocco Holfmau  Philip.  N.Y 

Netherlands Charles  D.  White,  N.J 2,650 

Nicaragua George  T.  Weitzel,Mo 2,000 

Norway M.  JSL  Langhorue,  Va 2,000 

Panama 2,(ioo 

Peru Richard  R.  Neill,  Pa 2,(»oo 

Roumania Norman  Hutchinson,  Cal...    2.0(Hi 

Russia M.  Schuyler, Jr.. N.Y.  (1st)    3,000 

Russia I.  B.  Laiighlin,  Pa.(2(lSec.). 

Siam John  van  A. M' Murray, N.J. 

Spain William  H.  Buckler,  Md.   . 

Sweden James G.  Bailey,  Ky 

Switzerland P.  Ct.  d'Hanteville,  R.  1 

Turkey Philip  M.  Brown,  Mass 

Turkey Lewis  Einstein,X,Y(2d  Sec. ) 


2,000 
2,000 
2.000 
2,000 
2,000 
3,000 
2,000 


Venezuela ,,  Jacob  Sleeper, Mass 2,000 


France Henrj'  Vignaud ,  La 3,000 

France A.  B.  Blanchard,  La. (2d Sec.)  2,000 

France ...W.  BlumenthaWSd  Sec). .'.  1,200 

Germany lohu  W.  Garrett  (2d  Sec. )..  2,000 

Germany Basil  Miles,  Pa.  (3d  Sec) . .  1,200 

Great  Britain. ..John  R.  Carter.  Md 3,000 

Great  Britam  .  ..C.W.Wadsw'th,N  Y.(2dSec)  2,000 

Great  Britain...  U. Grant  Smith.  Pa,  (3d  Sec.)  1,200 

(Uiatemala William  F.  Sands,  D.  C 2,000 

Italy R.S.R.Hitt.Ill 3,000 

Italy R.  M.  Wiuthrop,  Mass.  (2d)  2,000 

CO.VSULAR  SERVICE. 

C.  G. ,  Consul-General ;  C. ,  Consul;  V.  C,  Vice-Consul;  D.  C,  Deputy  Consul;  C.  A. ,  Com- 
mercial Agent;    Xat.,  Consular  Agent. 

There  are  about  750  consular  representatives  of  the  United  States  of  the  several  grades  abroad. 
Those  at  the  principal  places  in  the  world  are  given  here.  Where  there  are  a  consul  and  vice  or 
deputy  consul  at  the  same  place  oulj'  the  consul  is  given.  Consular  offices  are  ex-offlcio  notaries  for  all 
the  States  of  the  United  States. 

CONSULS- GENERAL  AT  LARGE. 

Albert  R.  Morawetz,  Ariz.;  Horace  Lee,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  George  H.  Murphy,  N.  C.  ;  Flem- 
ing D.  Cheshire,  N.  Y.     Salaries  $5,000  each. 


Arofnline  Republic. 

Buenos  Ayres..Alban  G.  Snyder,  W.  Va $4,500 

Rosario Thomas  H.  Van  Horn.C. ...  2,500 

A  Hsfria-  Hunaary. 

Buda-Pesth Frank  D.  Chester.  Mass.,  C.  3  500 

Carlsbad John  S.  Twells,  Pa.  ,C.  A..  3,000 

Prague ...Joseph  J.  Brittain,  Ohio,  C  3,500 

Reichenberg.... Charles  B.  Harris.  Iud.,C..  4,0iH) 

Trieste ...Geo.  .M.  Hotschick.Wis.,  C. .  3,000 

Vienna W.  A.Rublee,Wis. ,D.C.,C.G.  6,000 

Beli/ium. 

Antwerp H.  W.  Diedrich,  D.C.,C.G...  5,500 

Brussels ...Ktheloert  Watts,  Pa., C 5,500 

Ghent AVdliam  P.  Atwell.  J>.C..  C.  3,000 

Liege Henry  A.  Johnson,  D.C,  C.  3,000 

Brazil. 

Babfs 4,000 

Para Geo.  H.  Pickerell,  Ohio,  C...  4.000 

Pernambuco G.  A.  Chamberlain.  N.J. ,  C  4,0O0 

Rio  tie  Janeiro.. Geo.  E.  Anderson,  I11.,C.  G.  8.000 

.Santos John  W.  O  Hara,  Ind.,  C...  4,000 

Chile. 

Jquique Rea  Hanna.  Cal..  C 2,000 

Valparaiso Alirefl  A  Wnislow.  rnd.,C.  4..500 


China. 

Amoy Harry  L,  Paddock, Cal. ,C.... $4,500 

Canton Leo  A.  Bergholz.  N.  Y.,C.G.  5,500 

Chefoo ...John  Fowler,  Mass.,  C 4,500 

Foochow Samuel  L.  (4racey,  Mass.,  C.  4.500 

Hankau William  Martin,  C 4.500 

Nankin James  C.  McXally,  Pa.,C...  4,000 

Niuchwang Thos.  E.  Heenan,  Miuu.,C  .  4,500 

Shanghai Charles  Denby,  Ind.,C.  G..  8,i'00 

Tientsin James  W.  Ragsdale,  Cal.,  C.  5,500 

Ojlombia. 

Barranquilla.  .  .Pierre  P.  Demers,  N.H.,  C. .  3,.500 

Bogota  Jay  White.Mich.,C.G 3,500 

Cartagena Isaiic  A.  Manning,  Ind.,  C.  2,00O 

Co.tta  Rica. 

San  Jose John  C  Caldwell,  Kan.,C..  3,000 

Cuba. 

Cienfuegos Max  J.  Baehr,  Neb.,C 4,500 

Havana James  L.  Rodgers,Ohio,C.G.  8,000 

Santiago Ro.ss  E.  Holaday,  Ohio,  C. . .  4,500 

Denmark  and  Domi7iions. 

Copenhagen  ...Frank  R.  Mowrer, Ohio,  C.  3,000 

St.  Thoma.s Chris.  H.  F^avne,  W.  Va.,  (;.  3,00il 


•  Also  accredited   to 
tt  Also  to  Montenegro. 


Roumama  and    Bulgaria,      t  Also  to  Costa  Rica. 
Z  Also  to  Uruguay,    t  Also  to  Honduras. 


A1.SO  to  Luxembourg. 


Diplomatic  and  Consular  Service. 


675 


DIPLOMATIC  AND  CONSULAR  SERVICE— Continued. 


2,500 
4,000 


3,000 


Dominican  Republic. 

Puerto  Plata..  .  .William  H.  Gale,  C.  Va. . . .  $2,000 

Samana F.  Laruple.  A Fees. 

«au  Domingo.. .Feu.  K.McCreery,Micli.,C.G 

Ecuadai\ 

Guayaquil Hermau  R.  Dietrich,  C.  G.. . .   4,500 

France  and  Dominions. 

Algiers,  Africa. .James  Johnson,  C 

Bordeaux  D.  I.  Murphy,  C 

Boulogne  -  sur- 

nier Wm.  Whitman,  Agt 

Brest A.  Pitel,  Agt 

Calais James  B.  Milner,  Ind. ,  C 

Cannes Jeau  B.  Coguet,  Fr. ,  Age 

Cette Carl  D.  Hagelin,  Fr.,  Agt 

Cherbourg OctaveCauuel,  France,  Agt 

Dieppe Raoul  leBourgeois.Fr.,  Agt 

Dijon 

Goree  -  Dakar, 

Africa Fees. 

Grenoble Charles  I'.H.Nason.C 2,000 

<iuadel'pe.W.I.G.   J.  O.  Floradin,  V.  C 

Havre Alphouse  (ianliu,  C 5,000 

Honfleur John  N.  Bourke,  Agt — 

Jja  Rochelle  . . .  .George  H.  Jackson,  Ct. ,  C. . .    2,500 

Lille...., Chris.  J.  King.  R.  I.,Agt 

Limoges Eugene  L.  Belisle,  Mas.s.jC.    2,000 

Lyons John  C.  Covert,  Ohio,  C 5,000 

Mai-seilles RobertP.  8kiuner,Ohio,C. G.    5,500 

Mart" que, W.I. Chester  W.Martin, Mich. ,C.    2,600 

Mentone  Achille  Isuard,  Agt 

Nantes Louis  Goldschmidt,X.H.,C.    3,000 

Nice William  D.  Hunter,  Minn., C.   2,500 

Paris Frank  H.  Mason, C.G 12,000 

Paris Hanson  C.Coxe,N.  Y.,D.C.G 

Paris Dean  B.  Mason, 0.,V. C.G 

Paris Milton  B.  Kirk,  111., (Paris) 

Rennes Ernest  Folliard, France, Agt 

Rheims J.  Martin  Miller,C 2,500 

Roubaix Chapman  Colman,  Ky. ,  C    2,500 

Rouen Oscar  Malmros,  C 2,000 

St.  Etienne William  H.  Hunt,  N.  Y 2,500 

8t.Pieri-e Louis  Jourdan.C.A 2,000 

Tahiti,Soc.Isl... Julius  D.  Dreher,  S.  C 2,000 

Tamatave,Mad- 

agascar James  G.  Carter,  Ga. ,  C  ....    2,500 

Toulon Benj.  A.  Jouve,  France,  Agt 

Oermany, 

Aix  la Chapelle. Pendleton  King,  C 3,000 

Annaberg George  N.  Iflft,  Ind.,  C 3,000 

Apia,  Samoa.  ..George  Heimrod,  C.  G 3,.500 

Bamberg William  Bardel,N.  Y.  .C. A.  2,.500 

Barmen Geo.  Eugene  Eager,  111.,  C.  3,500 

Berlin A.  M.  Thackara,  Pa., C.G...  8,000 

Bremen William  T.  Fee.  Ohio,  C 5,000 

Breslau Herman  L.  Spahr,  8.  C,  C.  2,500 

Brunswick Talbot  J.  Albert,  Md.,  C  . . . .  2,500 

Chemnitz Thomas  H.  Norton,  C 3,500 

Coburg Frank  Dillingham,Cal.,C.G.  4,500 

Cologne Hiram  J.  Dunlap,  C 3,500 

Crefeld Joseph  E.  Haven,  I11.,C....  2,500 

Dantzic Ernest  A. Claaszen,Ger.,  Agt 

Dresden T.St.  J.Gaffnev,  N.Y.,C.G.  4,5U0 

Dusseldorf Peter  Lieber,  Ind. .  C 3,000 

Frankfort RichardGuenther,Wis. ,  C.G,  5,Ji00 

Freiburg,Baden  E.  Theophilus  Liefeld,Ct.,C.  3,000 

(ilauchau Geo.  A.Buckliu,Jr.,Okla.,C.  2,000 

Hamburg Hugh  Pitcairn,  Pa.,  C 8,000 

Hanover Rob't  J.  Thomp,son,  I11.,C..  3,000 

Kehl William  J.  Pike,  Pa..  C 3,000 

Leipsic S.  P.  Warner,  Md.,C 4,000 

Magdeburg Frank  S-  Hannah.  I11.,C..  2.500 

Mainz Robert  S.S.Bersh.N.Dak. , C.  3,000 

Mannheim Samuel  H. Shank. Ind.,  C...  3,.500 

Munich Thomas  W.  Peters, D.C. ,  C.  4,.o00 

Nuremberg. Heaton  W.  Harris,  Ohio,C. .  4,000 

Plauen Carl  B.  Hurst, D.  C 4.000 

Stettin John  E.  Kehl,  Ohio,  C 2,500 

Stuttgart Edward  Higgins,  Miss.,  C 4,000 

Weimar Will  L.  Lowrv.  111.,  C 2,.i00 

Zittau Clarence  R.Slocum,N.Y.,C.  2,500 


Great  Britain  and  Dominions. 

Aberdeen William  P.  Quaim.Agt 

Aden.  Arabia. .  .Wallace  C.  Bond,  Wyo.,  C .  $2,500 

Adelaide George  H.  Prosser,  Agt 

Antigua,  W.  I. .Geo.  B.Anderson. C 2,000 

Auckland, N.Z..Wm.  A.  Prickitt,  N..J..  C.G.    4,500 

Barbados,W.I..Arthnr  J.  Clare,  D.C.,C 3.000 

Belfast, Ire S.  S.  Knabenshue,  C 5,000 

Belize,  Hond...  William  L.Avery,  Mont.,  C.  2,500 
Belleville,Ont..Mich'l  J.  Hendrick,  N.Y.,C.  2,000 
Birmingham.... Albert Halstead,  D.  C,  C...    4,500 

Bloemfoutein  ..A.  E.Fichardt,S.  Africa 

Bombav,  India.  E.  H.  Deniiiison,  Ohio,  C —  4,000 
Bradford, Eng.  .Erastus  Sheldon  Diiy,Ct.,C.    3.500 

Brisbane W.  J.Weatherill.  Agt 

Bristol,  Eng. . . .  J.  Percy  Worden,  Mich. ,  C. .    2.000 

Calcutta,  India.  Wm.  H.Michal,C.G 6,000 

Campb't'n,N.B.Theodosius  Botkin.U.,C.A.    2,000 

Cape  Town Julius  G.  Lay,  C.G.,  D.C 6,000 

Cardiff,  Wales.  .Lorin  A.  Lathrop,  Cal.,  C 2,.500 

Ceylon Edward  A.Creevey,Ct.,C. . . .    3,000 

Charlottetown, 

P.  E.  I .lohn  H.  Shirlev.Ill.,C 2.000 

Coaticook. Que.. Franklin  D.  Hale,  Vt.,  C 2,000 

Collingwood, 

Out Augustus  G.  Seyfert,  Pa.,  C.    2,500 

Cork,  Queenst.  .Henry  S.  Culver,  Ohio,  C. ..  2,500 
Dawson,  N.  W. 

Ter GeorgeC.  Cole,W.V.,C 5,(kK) 

Demerara George  H.  Moulton,Col. ,  C.    3,'ioo 

Dover Francis  W.  Prescott,  Agt 

Dublin Alfred  K.  Moe,  N.  J.,C 4,n(M( 

Dundee John  C.  Higgins,  Del.,C.  ...    4,000 

Dunfermline.. .  .John  N.  McCunn,  Wis.,  C. ..  3,000 
Durban,  Natal.  .E.  S.  Cunningham.  Teiin.  C.    3.500 

Edinburgh Rufus  Fleming,  Ohio,  C 3,.50O 

Fort  Erie,  Out. .Horace  J.  Harvey,  N.  Y.,  C.  2,000 
Gaspo  Ba.sin, 

Que AlmarF.  Dickson,  Mass., C.    2,000 

Georgetown, 

Guiana Donald  Mitchell,  V.  C 

Gibraltar Richard  L.  Sprague,  C 2.000 

Glasgow R.  W.  Austin.  Tenn.,C 4,500 

Halilax,N. S.... David  F.  Wilber.N.Y.,C.G.  4,.=00 
Hamilton,  Ber..  W.Maxwell  Greene.  R.I. ,C.  2,.5oO 
Hamilton,  Ont..  Jas.  M.  Shepard, Mich.,  C  . . . .    3,000 

Hobart,Tasm...Henry  D.Baker, I IL,  C 2,000 

Hong  Kong Amos  P.Wilder,  Wis., C.G...    8,000 

Huddersfield...Fred.I.  Bright,  Ohio.C 3,000 

Hull, Eng Walter  C.  Hamm,  Pa.,C. ...    2,500 

Kimberley, S. A. A.  F.  Williams,  Agt.,  Cal 

Kingston,  Jam.Fred'ick  Van  I)yne.N.Y.,C.    4,-500 

Kingston,  Ont..H.  D.  Van  Sant,  N.  J.,C 2,000 

Leeds Lewis  Dexter,  R.  I.,C 2,500 

Liverpool .Tohn  L.  Grifhths,  C 8,000 

Londonderry.  ..P.  T.  Rodger.  Ireland,  Agt 

Limerick Edmund  Ludlow,  Agt 

London Robert  J.  Wynne,  Pa.,  C.G. .  12,000 

London R.  Westacott.:\rass.,  V.C.  G 

London F.  W.  Frigout,  Eng.,  D.  C.  G 

Madras A.  J.  Yorke,  Agt 

Maltia John  H.  (irout.  :Ma.ss.,  C...    2.500 

Manchester Church  Howe, Neb.,  C 6,000 

Melbourne John  P.  Brav,  N.  Dak., C.G.    5.500 

Moncton,N.B..G.  Beutelspatcher.  0.,C.  A.    2.000 

Montreal William  H.Bradley,Ill.,C.G.    6.000 

Nassau. N. P.... Julian  Potter,  N.  Y.,C 3,000 

Newcastle  -  on  - 

Tyne Horace  W.  Metcalf,Me.,C. .    3,000 

Newcastle,    N. 

S.  W Vacant 3,000 

Niagara    Falls, 

Out...., W.H.  H.  Webster,  N.Y..(;.     2,000 

Nottingham Frank  W.  Mahin,lowa,C. . .    4,500 

Ottawa,Ont .lohn  G.  Foster,  Vt.,  C.  G . . . .    6,000 

Plvmouth Jo-seph  G.  Stephens,  Ind.,  C.    2,500 

Port  Hope,Ont. Harry  P.  Dill,  Me.,C 2,500 

PortLouis,  Mau- 
ritius   Vacant i. 2,000 

Pt.  Sarnia,  Ont.Neal  INIcMillan,  Mich.,  C. . ..    2,500 

Portsmouth John  Main,  Agt.,C 

Pt.  Stanley, F.I.John  E,  Rowen,  Iowa,  C. . , ,  2,000 
Prescott,  Out. .  .Martin  R.  Sackett,  N.  Y,,  C.  2,500 
Pretoria, S,  A. , .  John  H,SnodKrass,W.  Va..C.  5,000 
Quebec WiUiam  W.  Henry,  Vt. ,  C. .   3,500 


676 


Diplomatic  and  Consular  Service. 


DIPLOMATIC  AND  CONSULAR  SERVICE— Omimticd. 


St.  Chrlstopher.Vacant. .. 
St.  Helena Robert  P, 


Pooley.N.Y.,C. 


$2,000 
2,000 


St.  John,  X.  B..Gebhard  Willrich.  C 8,000 

St.  John's,  N.F.JamesS.  Benedict.N.  Y.,C.    2,500 

St.  John's, Que. Charles  Deal,  N.Y.,C A  2,000 

St.Steph'n,N.B.Chas.  A,McCullough,Me.,C.    2,000 

Sheffield Charles  N.  Daniels.  Ct.,C 3,000 

Sherbr'ke,  Que.  Paul  Lang,  N.  H.,  C 3,500 

Sierra  Leone William  J.  Yerbv, Tenn.,  C. .    2,000 

Singapore T.  Haynes,  S.  C.  C.  G 4,500 

Southampton  ..Albert  W.  Swalm,  Iowa, C.     4,500 

St.  Lucia, W. I.. William  Peter.  Agt 

St.Vincent,W,I.Ernest  A.  Richards,  Agt 

Suva,  Fiji Vacant Fees. 

Swansea,  Wales.  Jesse  H.  Johnson,  Tex., C, ..  3,000 
S.vdnej%N.S.... George  N.West.  D.  C,  C...  3,000 
Sydne.v.  N.S. W.Orlando  H.  Baker,  C.. . .  .^. .    3.000 

3,500 
4,000 
3,000 
2,000 
4,000 
4,000 

2,666 


Three  Rivers... Jas.H.  Worman,  N.Y.,C 
Toronto,  Ont... Robert  S.  Chilton,  Jr.,  C... 
Trinidad,  W.  I..  William  W.  Handler,  C... 

Turks  Island... Joseph  A.  Howells.C 

Vancouver,  B.C. L.  Edwin  Dudlev.  Ma,ss.,  C. 
Victoria,  B.  C. Abraham  E.  Smith,  111.,  C. 

Wellingt'n, N.Z.John  Duncan,  Agt 

Windsor,  N.  S.  .Joseph  T.  Hoke.  W.Va.,  C. . 

Windsor. Out... Harrv  A.Conant.C 2,500 

Winnipeg,Man..Tohn  E  Jones.  D.C.,C 3,500 

Woodst'k,N.B. Frank  C.  Denison.  Vt.,C....    2.000 
Yarmouth,  N.S.Alfred  J.  Fleming,  Mo.,  C. . .    2,500 

Greece. 
Athens George  Horton,  C 3,000 


Patras Edward  I.Nathan,  Pa,  C 

Guatemala. 

Guatemala William  P.Kent,  Va., C.  G. 

Hayti. 

Aux  Oayes AdolphStrohm,  Agt 

C'apeHaytien...Lem.W.  Livingston,Fla.,C, 

Jacmel Louis  Vital,  Agt 

Port  au  Prince.  JohnB.Terres,N.Y.,V.C.G 

Hondurai). 
Tegucigalpa — Wm.  E.  Alger,  Mass.,  C 


2,000 
3,500 


2,000 
3,666 

.     .                                „..,  ..o^cooo.,^  ....  2,500 

Utilla Herbert  R.  Wright,  C 2,000 

Italy. 

Bologna Carlo  Gardini,  Italy,  Agt 

Catania 2,000 

Civita  Vecchia.. James  B.  Ingle,  Italy,  Agt 

Florence lerome  A.  Quav,  C. 3,000 

Genoa David  R.  Birch,  Pa.,  C 3,500 

Leghorn Arthurs.  Cheney,  Ct.,C....  3,000 

Messina Ernest  A.  Man,  Fla.,  C  ...  2,000 

Milan James  E.  Dunning,  C 2,500 

Naples C.S.  Crowninshield,D.  C.,C  4,000 

Palermo William  H.  Bishop,  C 3,500 

Rome HectordeCastro,N.Y.,C.G.  4,500 

San  Remo Albert  Ameglio,  Agt 

Sorrento Fran.  Cianipa,  Italy,  Agt 

Turin A.H.Michelson,Mass.,C,...  2,000 

Venice James  V.  Long,  Pa.,  C 2,000 

Japan. 

Nagasaki Geo.  H.  Scidmore,  Wis.,C..  3,500 

Kobe HunterSharp,  C 5,000 

Tamsui,  Formo.Julean  H.Arnold,  Cal.,  C 3,000 

Yokohama Harrv B.  Miller,  C.G 6,000 

Dalny John  Ed.  Jones,  D.  C,  C 3,500 

Seoul T.  Sammons,  Wash.,  C.G....  5,500 

Liberia, 

Monrovia Ernest  Lyon, Md., C.G 5,000 

J\T€xico» 

Acapulco Vacant ' 2,500 

Chihuahua Lewis  A.  Martin,  W.  Va.,  C.  2,500 

Ciudad  Porfirio 

Diaz Luther  T.  Ellsworth.  0.,C.  2,500 

Ensenada Everett  E.Bailey,  I11.,C....  2,000 

Durango Chas.  M  Freeman,  N.H.,  C.  2,000 

Malamoras Clarence  A.  Miller,  Mo.  ,C..  2,500 

Mazatlan Louis  Kaiser,  111..  C 2,500 

Me.xico A.L.M.Gottschalk,N. Y.,C.G  6,000 

Monterey Philip  C.Hanna,  Iowa.  C.G.  3.500 

Nuevo  Laredo.  .Alonzo  B.  Garrett, W.Va.,C.  2,.500 

Tampico P.  Meriell Griffith.  O..  C...  3.000 

Vera  Cruz William  W.  Canada.Ind.C.  4,500 


Moi-occo- 

Tangier Hofftnan  Philip,  0.  G 

Netherlands  and  Dominions. 
Amsterdam  — Henry  H.  Morgan,  La,,  C. .. 

Batavia,  Java.  ..B.  S.  Rairden,  Me.,  C 

CuraQao,  W.  L.EliasH.  Cheney;  N.H.,  C. 

Rotterdam Soren  Listoe,  Minn. ,  C 

Nicaragua. 

Managua Jose  de  Olivares,  Mo.,  C  — 

S.JuandelNorteFrederick  M.  Ryder , 

Norway. 

Bergen Felix  S.  S.  Johnson ,  N.  J.,  C. 

Christian ia H. Bordewich,  Minn.,  C.G. . 

Pai\a7na. 

Colon James  C.  Kellogg,  C 

Panama Arnold  Shanklim,  C.G 

I^arapuay. 

Asuncion Edward  J.  Norton,Tenn.  ,C. 

Persia. 

Tabriz William  F.  Doty,  N.J.,C... 

Pern. 

Callao Samuel M. Taylor, O.,  C.G.. 

Portugal  and  Do7ninions. 

Fayal M.' Benarus,  Azores,  Agt... 

Funchal,  Mad.  .Maxwell  Blake,  Mo. ,  C 

Lisbon Louis  H.  Ayme,  111,,  C. G.. 

Oporto Vacant 

St.  Michael's.  ..John  F.  Jewell,  111. ,  C. 

Poumania. 

Bucharest Nor.  Hutchinson,  Cal.,  C.G. 

Russia, 

Batum Wm.  W,  Mast**i?on,Ky.,  C. . 

Cronstad t Peter  Wigius,  Agt 

:sioscow Samuel  Smith,  N.  J.,  C — 

Odessa Vacant 

Riga Alex.  Heinffai'tner,Ohio,C.. 

St.  Petersburg.. Frank  D.  Hill,  Minn., C.G. . 

Vladivostok. .  ..Paul  Na.sh,  N.  Y. .  C.  A 

Warsaw Hernando  de  Soto,  Cal.,.  C  . 

Salvador. 

San  Salvador. .  .Samuel  E.  Magill,  C.G 

Sei-via. 

Belgrade Max.  K.  Moorhead,Pa.  ,C.. 

Spain  and  Dominions. 

Barcelona Benj.H.  Ridgely.Ky.,  C.G. 

Cadiz A n tonio  J.  Bensusan,  Agt. . . 

Carthageua Alexander  J.  Marks 

Madrid R.  M.  Bartleman.  Ma.ss.,  V.C. 

Malaga Charles  M.  Caugliy.  Md. ,  C. 

Seville L.  J.  Rosenberg,  Mich.,  C. .. . 

TenerifFe Solomon  Berliner.  N.  Y.,  C. 

Valencia Chas.  S.  W^inans.Mich.,  C... 

Sweden. 

Gothenburg Wm.  H.  Robertson,  Va. ,  C. 

Stockholm Ed  w.  L.  Adams  N.  Y. ,  C.  G. 

Switzerland. 

Basel George  Giftorcl,  Me. ,  C 

Berne James  J. Roche, Mass.,  C  .. 

Geneva Francis  B.  Keene,  Wis,  C. .. 

Lucerne Robt.  E.  Mansfield,  lud..  C. 

St.  Gall Silas C.  McFarland.Ia.  .C.G 

Zurich Adam  Lieberknecht.Ill.,  C. 

Turkey  and  Dombiions. 

Alexandretta.  ..Jesse  B.  Jackson,  C 

Alexandria E.  Alex.  Powell,  N.  Y. .  Agt. . 

Beirut, Syria G.  B.  Ravndal,  S.  Dak.,  C.G. 

Cairo Lewis  M.  Iddings,  C.G 

Constantinople.  Ed.  H.Osmun,  Minn.,  C.G. .. 

Jerusalem Thomas  R,  WallJice,  la. ,  C. 

Port  Said    Harry  Broadbent,  Agt 

Smyrna Ernest  L.  Harris,  111.,  C 

Suez  Frederick  T.  Peake,  Agt — 

Trebizond Milo  A.  Jewett,  Ma.ss.,C — 

Uruguay. 

Montevideo Frederic  W.  Godlng,  111.,  C. 

Venezuela. 

Caracas John  Brewer,  Md.,  Agt 

La  Guavra Thomas  P.  Moffat,  C 

Maracaibo E.  H.  Plumacher.  Tenn.  ,C. 

Puerto  Cabello..  James  W.  Johnson, N.  Y.,  C. 

Zanzibar. 
Zanzibar Calvin  F.  Smith, Pa  ,C. 


3,500 

4,600 
3,000 
2,500 
4,500 

3,000 
3,500 

2,500 
3,t00 

4,000 
5,500 

2,000 

3,000 

4,600 


2.000 
3,500 


3,000 

2,000 

2,500 

2,606 
3,500 
2,000 
5,500 
8.500 
2,000 

3,500 

2,000 

5,500 

Fees. 

.  Fees 
3,000 
3,000 
2,600 
2,500 

2,500 
3,600 

3,500 
3.500 
3,500 
3,500 
4,500 
3,500 

2,500 

4",566 
6,500 
6,000 
3,000 

3^566 

2,566 

3,500 


3.000 
2.500 
2,000 

2,500 


It  is  not  necessary  to  address  a  consul  by  name  if  the  business  is  of  an  official  nature.    "Official 
business' '  should  be  Written  on  the  envelope.  __ 


Foreign  Embassies  and  Legations  in  the  United  States.         ijll 


iForeifin  iSmtjassics  aniJ  ILcfiations  in  tfje  sanitctr  <Statrs 

COCNTBY.  RBPBESENTATIVSS.  BANK. 

Argentine  Republic.  ..Senor  Don  Epifanio  Portela Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

"  Senor  Don  Alberto  P.  Costa First  Secretary  of  Leg.-ition. 

Austria-Hungary Mr.  L.  Ilengelmuller  von  Uengervar Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

*'  Baron  l.ouis  Ambrozy Counselor  of  Embassy. 

"  Baron  F.  Haymerle .Secretary. 

Belgium B:iroii  Ludovic  Moucheur Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

"         Mr.  E.  Havenith .   ..  .Counselor  of  Legation. 

Bolivia Senor  Don  lj;nacio  Calderon Knvoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

"       Senor  Don  Jorge  E.  Zalles Secretary  of  Legation. 

Brazil Stiihor  Joaquin  Xabuco Arabass.idor  Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary. 

"       Senhor  Syl\  ino  G.  de  Amaral First  Se^  relary. 

"       Seiihor  E.  L.  Chermont- Second  Secretary. 

Chile Senor  Don  Aiiibal  Cruz Envoy   Extraordinary  and  Jlinister  Plenipotentiary. 

"     Senor  Don  Alberto  Yoacham First  Secretary  of  Legation. 

China Sir  Chentung  Liang-Cheng Envoy  Kxtraurdinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

"       Mr.  Chow  Tszchi First  Secretary  of  Legation. 

Colomtna Senor  Don  Enrique  Cortes Envov  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Costa  llica Senor  Don  Joaquin  Barnard o    Calvo Minister  Kesident. 

Cuba Senor  Don  Gonzalo   de  Quesada Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plentipotentiary. 

"    Senor  Don  Arturo  Padro  y  Almeida First  Secretary. 

Denmark Mr.  Constantine  Krun    Envoy   Extraordinary   and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Dominican  Republic... Senor  Don  Emilio  C.  Joubert Charge    d'Affairea. 

"  "        ...Senor  Don  Arturo  L.  Fiallo Secretary  of  Legation. 

Ecuador Senor  Don  Luis  Felipe  Car  bo Envov  Extraordinary  and  Minister  I'lenipolenliary. 

"        Senor  Don  Luis  Alberto  Carbo Secretary  of  Legation. 

France M.  J.  J.  .Jusserand Ambassador  Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary, 

"       M.  des  I'ortes  de  la  Fosse Counselor  of  the  Emljassy. 

"       Major  Fournler Military  Attache. 

Vicomte  Charles  de  Chambrun Se»retarv. 

"        I.ieut.-Com.  lie  Blaupre Naval  A'ttache. 

"       Vicomte  de  Martel Third  Secretary. 

German  Empire ..Freiherr  Speck  von  Sternburg Ambassador  Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary. 

"  Count  Hermann  von  Hatzfeldt-Wildeuburg. Counselor  of  Legation  and  First  Secretary  of  Emliassy. 

'  Mr.  W.    von  Kadowitz Second  Secretary. 

"  H.S.  H.  Prince  von  Lynar Third  Secretary. 

"  Cominaniler  Hebbinghaus Kaval  Attache. 

'*  Captain  von  Li v cuius Military  Attache. 

Great  Britain Right  Hon.  .James  Bryce AmLassador  Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary. 

"  Mr.  Esme  Howard Counselor  of  Embassy. 

'  Mr.  G.  Young First  Secretary. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Kinnard Second  Secretary. 

"  Mr.  H.  A.  Grant  Wilson Third  Secretary. 

"  Captain  Hon.  Horace  Hood,  E.  N Naval  Attache. 

"  Lieut.-Col.  B.  R.  James Military  Attache. 

Guatemala Senor  Dr.  Luis  Toledo  Herrarte Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary, 

Hayti Mr.  ,J.  N.  Leger Envoy  Extraordinary  ."ind  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Honduras Dr.  An^el  Ugarte Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

I'^'y ,...Signor  Edmondo  Mayor  des  Planches Ambassador  Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary. 

"     Signer  Giulio  Cesare  Montagna Secretary  of  Embassy, 

"     Signer  Itoberto  Centaro Attache. 

"       Lieut.  Carlo  Pfister Naval  Attache. 

Japan Mr.  Kogoro  Takahi ra Amb  i  ssador  Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary. 

Mr.  Tsunejiro  Miyaoka First  Serretary. 

" Mr.  ^lasanao  Hanihara Third  Se'  retary. 

Mexico Senor  Don  Enrique  C.  Creel .Embassador  E.xtraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary. 

'        Senor  Don  .Jose  F.  Godoy Fiist  Secretary. 

"       Senor  Don  Luis  Ricoy, Second  Secretary. 

Netherlands Tonkheer  R.  de  Marees  van  Swinderen...    .Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Mr.  W.  A.  Royaards Secretary  of  Legation. 

Nicaragua Senor  Don  Luis  F.  Corea Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Norway Mr.  Christian  Hauge Envov   Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Panama Senor  Don  J.  Domingo  de  Obaldia  .   Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

J**'*'" Gen.  Morteza  Kalin Tlnvoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

I**'" Mr.  Filipe  Par<lo Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary, 

Senor  Manuel  de  F.  y  Santander .S>eretary. 

Portugal Visconde  de  Alte  Envoy  Extraordnary  nnd  Minister  Plenipotentiary, 

Russia l5aron  Rosen Ambassador   Extiaordinary  and  Plenipotentiary. 

II       M.  Kroupensky Counselor  of  Embassy 

Prince  .Nicolas    Koudacheflf First  Secretary  of  Embassy, 

*       Colonel  Riispopotf Military  Attache. 

Commander  Nel>olsine Naval    Attache. 

Salvador Senor  Don  Frederico  Mejia Envoy   Extiaordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

^i*™ Phya  Akiiaraz  Varadhara Envoy    Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

.  ".   Mr.  Edward  H.  Loftus Counselor  of  LeL^ation. 

^P*'" Senor  Don  Ramon  Pina Envov  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

II       Senor  Don  Luis  Pastor F'irsl  Secretary  ot  Legation. 

Senor  Don  Manuel  Walls  y  Merino Second  .Secretary  of  Legation. 

Lieut. -Col.  F'ederico  d-  Monteverde Military  Attache. 

Sweden Mr.  Herman  de  Lagercrantz Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary, 

Switzerland Mr.  Leo  Vogfel Envoy  Eilraordinarv  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

" Mr.  Hecri  Martin Secretary  of  Legation. 

Turkey Mehmed  Ali  Bey Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Djelal  Munif  Bey First  Secretary  of  Legation. 

Uruguay Dr.  LwisM.  Lafinur Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Venezuela   ..,.  , Senor  Dr.  H.  Garbiraz  Guzjnan Charge  d'AfEaires  ad  mterim. 


678         Examinations  Cot  tjt  (Consular  cScrbCce* 

In  pursuance  of  the  Executive  order  of  June  27,  1906,  whereby  the  President  promul- 
gated regulations  governing  appointments  and  promotions  in  the  consular  service,  the 
following  rules  have  been  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Examiners,  who,  under  that  order, 
have  been  designated  to  formulate  rules  for  and  hold  examinations  of  applicants  for  ad- 
mission to  the  consular  service  whom  the  President  shall  have  designated  for  examination 
to  determine   their  eligibility  for  appointment   therein: 

1.  The  examinations  will  be  the  same  for  all  grades  and  will  be  to  determine  a 
candidate's  eligibility  for  appointment  in  the  consular  service,  irrespective  of  the  grade 
for  which  he  may  have  been  designated  for  examination  and  without  regard  to  any 
particular  office   for  which   he   may   be   selected. 

2.  The  examinations  will  consist  of  an  oral  and  a  written  one.  the  two  counting 
equally.  The  object  of  the  oral  examination  will  be  to  determine  the  candidate's  business 
ability,  alertness,  general  contemporary  information,  and  natural  fitness  for  the  service, 
including  moral,  mental  and  physical  qualifications,  character,  address,  and  general  educa- 
tion and  good  command  of  English.  In  this  part  of  the  examination  the  applications 
previously  filed  will  be  given  due  weight  by  the  Board  of  Examiners,  especially  as  evidence 
of  the  applicant's  business  experience  and  ability.  The  written  examination  will  include 
those  subjects  mentioned  in  the  Executive  order,  to  wit,  French,  German,  or  Spanish .  or  at 
least  one  modern  language  other  than  English;  the  natural,  industrial  and  commercial 
resources  and  the  commei-ce  of  the  United  States,  especially  with  reference  to  possibilities 
of  increasing  and  extending  the  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States;  political  economy,  and 
the  elements  of  international,  commercial  and  maritime  law.  It  will  likewise  include 
American  history,  government,  and  institutions;  political  and  commercial  geography; 
arithmetic  (as  used  in  commercial  statistics,  tariff  calculations,  exchange,  accounts,  etc.); 
the  modern  history,  since  1850,  of  Europe,'  Latin  America,  and  the  Far  East,  with  particu- 
lar attention  to  political,  commeix-ia.l  and  economic  tendencies.  In  the  written  examina- 
tion,   composition,    grammar,    punctuation,   spelling   and   writing   will   be   given   attention. 

3.  To  become  eligible  for  appointment,  except  as  student  interpreter,  in  a  country 
where  the  United  States  exercises  extra  territorial  jurisdiction,  the  applicant  must  pass 
the  examination  outlined  above,  but  supplemented  by  questions  to  determine  his  knowledge 
of  the  fundamental  principles  of  common  law,  the  rules  of  evidence,  and  the  trial  of 
civil   and   criminal    cases. 

4.  The  examinations  to  be  given  candidates  for  appointment  as  student  interpreters 
will  follow  the  same  course  as  in  the  case  of  other  consular  officers,  provided,  however, 
that  no  one  will  be  examined  for  admission  to  the  consular  service  as  a  student  interpreter 
who  is  not  between  the  ages  of  nineteen  and  twenty-six.  inclusive,  and  unmarried;  and. 
provided  further,  that  upon  appointment  each  student  interpreter  shall  sign  an  agreement 
to  continue  in  the  service  so  long  as  his  services  may  be  required,  within  a  period  of 
ten  years. 

5.  Upon  the  conclusion  of  the  examinations  the  names  of  the  candidates  who  shall 
have  attained  upon  the  whole  examination  an  average  mai-k  of  at  least  eighty,  as  required 
by  the  Executive  order,  will  be  certified  by  the  Board  to  the  Secretary  of  State  as  eligible 
for  appointment  in  the  consular  service,  and  the  successful  candidates  will  be  informed 
that   this   has   been   done. 

6.  The  names  of  candidates  will  remain  on  the  eligible  list  for  two  years,  except  in 
the  case  of  such  candidates  as  shall  within  that  period  be  appointed  or  shall  withdraw 
their  names.  Names  which  have  been  on  the  eligible  list  for  two  years  will  be  dropped 
therefrom  and  the  candidates  concerned  will  not  again  be  eligible  for  appointment  unless 
upon  fresh  application,  designation  anew  for  examination,  and  the  successful  passing  of 
such   second   examination. 

DUTIES   OF   CONSULAR  OFFICERS. 

Consular  officei'S  are  expected  to  endeavor  to  maintain  and  promote  all  the  rightful 
interests  of  American  citizens,  and  to  protect  them  in  all  privileges  provided  for  by  treaty 
or  conceded  by  usage;  to  visa  and,  when  so  authorized,  to  issue  passports;  when  permitted 
by  treaty,  law,  or  usage,  to  take  charge  of  and  settle  the  personal  estates  of  Americans 
who  may  die  abroad  without  legal  or  other  representatives,  and  remit  the  proceeds  to  the 
Treasury  in  case  they  are  not  called  for  by  a  legal  representative  within  one  year;  to 
ship,  discharge,  and,  under  certain  conditions,  maintain  and  send  American  seamen 
to  the  United  States;  to  settle  disputes  between  masters  and  seamen  of  American  vessels; 
to  investigate  charges  of  mutiny  or  insubordination  on  the  high  seas  and  send  mutineers 
to  the  United  States  for  trial;  to  render  assistance  in  the  case  of  wrecked  or  stranded 
American  vessels,  and,  in  the  absence  of  the  master  or  other  qualified  person,  take  charge 
of  the  wrecks  and  cargoes  if  permitted  to  do  so  by  the  laws  of  the  country:  to  receive 
the  papers  of  American  vessels  arriving  at  foreign  ports  and  deliver  them  after  the  dis- 
charge of  the  obligations  of  the  vessels  toward  the  members  of  their  crews,  and  upon  the 
production  of  clearances  from  the  proper  foreign  port  officials;  to  certify  to  the  correct- 
ness of  the  valuation  of  merchandise  exported  to  the  United  States  where  the  shipment 
amounts  to  more  than  $100;  to  act  as  official  witnesses  to  marriages  of  American  citizens 
abroad;  to  aid  in  the  enforcement  of  the  immigi-ation  laws,  and  to  certify  to  the  correct- 
ness of  the  certificates  issued  by  Chinese  and  other  officials  to  Chinese  persons  coming 
to  the  United  States;  to  protect  the  health  of  our  seaports  by  reporting  weekly  the 
sanitary  and  health  conditions  of  the  ports  at  which  they  reside,  and  by  issuing  to 
vessels  clearing  for  the  United  States  bills  of  health  describing  the  condition  of  the 
ports,  the  vessels,  crews,  passengers,  and  cargoes;  and  to  take  depositions  and  perform 
other  acts  which  notaries  public  in  the  United  States  are  authorized  or  required  to  perform. 
A  duty  of  prime  importance  is  the  promotion  of  American  commerce  by  reporting  avail- 
able opportunities  for  the  introduction  of  our  products,  aiding  in  the  establishment 
of  relations  between  American  and  foreign  commercial  houses,  and  lending  assistance 
wherever   practicable   to   the   marketing  of   American   merchandise   abroad. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  duties,  consular  officers  in  China.  Turkey,  Siam.  Korea. 
Maskat,  Morocco,  and  a  few  other  so-called  un-Christian  countries,  ai'e  invested  with 
judicial  powers  over  American  citizens  in  those  countries.  These  powers  are  usually 
defined  bj'  treaty,  but  generally  include  the  trial  of  civil  cases  to  which  Americans  are 
parties,  and  in  some  instances  extend  to  the  trial  of  criminal  cases. 


F'orelgn   Cojisuls  hi  the    United  State^^ 


G70 


iForcirju  (S^ousuls  in  tfjc  SUnitcTy  .States, 


C.  G. 


Tpx. 
Wis. 

Ala. 
Cal 


(In  l»riiicii)al  Place.s 

Consul-General ;   C,  Consul;   V.  C,  Vice-Cotisul 
ARGKN'TIN'K    REPUBLIC. 

Ala.  ,^robilc,  Manuel  S.  Macias,V.  C. 
Cal.  ,Saii  Fraiioisco, 

<  Fernaiuliiia,  Tliomas  C.  Borden,  V.C. 
Ma.,   ^  i>eiisact)la.  J.   }[arris  Pierpout,  V. ('. 
(Ja  ,  Savannah,  Andres  E.  Moynelo,  V.  C.  / 
Jll. ,  Chicago,  V.  L.  Hudson,  V.C. 
La.,  New  Orleans,  Allred  Le  Blanc,  V.  C. 
Me.,  Portland,  Clarence  W.  Small,  V.C. 
Md. ,  Baltimore,  .lames  F.  Ferguson,  V.  C. 
Mass. ,  Boston,  Guillermo  McKissock,  V.C. 
Pa  ,  Philadelphia.  Gnillermo  P.  Wilson,  V.C. 
Va. ,  Norfolk,  Cuillermo  Klyver,  V.  C. 

ACSTRIA-HUXG.-VRY. 

Ala. ,  :srobile,  W.  F.  Stontz,  C.  '■ 

Cal. ,  San  Francisco,  F^rancis  Korbel,  C. 

Fla. ,  Peusacola,  H.  Baars,  V.  C. 

(ia. ,  Savannah.  Edward  Karow,  V.  C. 

111. ,  Chicago,  Alexander  Nubervon  Pereked.C.G. 

La  ',  New  Orleans,  Franz  Hinderniann,  C. 

ftfd. ,  Baltimore,   G.  Louis  Hester,  C.     ^ 

Mass.,  Boston.  Arthur  Donuer,  C. 

Mo.,  St.  Louis,  Ferdinand  Diehni,  C. 

Pa.,  Hazleton,  Vacant,  C.  A.  -  -^ 

Pa., Philadelphia,  T.  von  Schutzenburg,  C.  ' 

Pa. ,  Pittsburgh,  Adalbert  Merle,  C.G.    > 

P.  I.,  Manila,  Petiw:  Krafft,  C.  1 

(Galveston,  John  Reymershoffer,  C.  \ 
Milwaukee,  .^^g< 

BELGIUM.  ■''y 

,  Mobile,  Robert  B.  du  Mont,  C,  \ 
(  San  Francisco,  F.  Wodon,C.  G. 

'  I  Los  Angeles,  V.  Ponet,V. C.     i 
Col.,  Denver,  J.  Mignolet,  C.  ^ 

Fla.,  .Tacksouville,  Joseph  Buttgenbach,  V.C. 
Ga.,  Atlanta,  Laurent  de  Give,  C. 
111. ,  Chicago,  Ch.  Henrotin,  C. 
Kv. ,  Louisville.  Sr.  l)e  Ridder,  C. 
La  ,  New  Orleans,  C.  S.  Schaefer.  C,   , 
Mass.,  Boston,  E.  S.  Mansfield,  C.        \ 
Mich.,  Detroit,  Theophile  Frani^ois,  C.  \ 
Mo.,  ^ 

'Philadelphia,  Paul  Hagemaus,  C.  G. 

,  Manila,  Ch.  LeVionnois,  C.  ^.^^ 

.  Charleston,  B.  Rutledge,  C. 

I  Norfolk  and   Newport  News,  J.  P.  Andre 

)     Mottu.C.  A. 

i  Richmond,  W.  O.  Nolting,  C. 

BOLIVIA. 

f,  ,      f  San  Diego,  Philip  Morse,  C. 
^^'•'   (San  Francisco.  Gabriel  V.  Calle,  C.G. 
111.,  Chicago,  Frederick  Harnwell,  C. 
Mo. ,  Kansas  City,  E.  R.  Heath,  Hon.  C. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Wilfred  H.  Schoff,  Hon. 

BRAZIL. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  Archibidd  Barnard,  V.C. 
La.,  N3W  Orleans,  Charles  Dltt  man,  V.  C. 
Md.,  Baltimore,  I.eonceRabillifn,  C.A. 
Mo. .  St.  Louis,  AtTonso  de  Figueiredo,  V.  C. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Napoleon  Bonaparte  Kelly,  V.C, 

CHILE. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco.  Juan  Searle,  C. 
111.,  Chicago,  M.  J.  Steiiens,  V.  C. 
Md.,  Baltimore.  R.  G.  Leupold,  C. 
Mass..  Boston,  Horacio  N.  Fisher,  C. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Dudley  Bartlett,  C. 

CHINA. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  Sun  Sze-yce,  C.G. 
Hawaii,  Honolulu.  Chang  Choh-Fan.  C. 
Mass.,  Boston,  Stephen  \V.  Nickerson,  Hon.C. 
P.  I.,  Manila,  Su  Yu-Tchu,  C.  G. 

COLOMBIA. 

111.,  Chicago,  Erskine  M.  Phelps,  C. 
Mass.,  Boston,  .lorge  \'argas  Heredia,  C. 
Mo.,  St.  Louis,  J.  Arbuckle,  C. 

COSTA  RICA. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  Jos^  Maria Tinoco,  C.G. 
111.,  Chicago,  Berthold  Singer,  C. 
La.,  New  Orleans,  Lamar  C.  Quintero,  C. 
Md.,  Baltimore,  William  A.  Riordan,  C. 
Ma.ss..  Boston,  Guillermo  Figueroa,  C. 
Pa.,  PhiladeliJhia,  Gustavo  Niederlein,  C. 


.J  Honolulu,  H.  R.  Maclarlane,  C. 
.Chicago,  Christian  \l.  Hansson,  C. 


C. 


Cal. . 


Pa 
P.  I 

S.  C 

Va., 


For  Foreign  Consuls  in  the  Citj'  of  New  York  consult  Index.) 

C.  A.,  Consul.ir  Agent ;  A.  C,  Actinj  Consul  ;  I*.  C,  Pro-Consul. 

DENMARK. 

Ala.,  Mobile,  Louis  Donald,  V.  C.  for  Alabama 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  H.  H.  Birkholni,  C. 

Ga.,  Savannah,  J.  B.  Hoist,  V.  C. 

Hawaii,  Honolulu,  H.  R. 

HI. 

Kan..  Kansas  Cit.v,  Jep  Han.sen  Mailand,  V.  C.  ■ 

Ky.,  Louisville,  Charles  E.  Currie,  C. 

La.,  New  Orleans,  Thyge  Soegaard,  V. 

iNId. ,  Baltimore.  Holger  A.  Koppel,  V. 

Mass.,  Boston,  Gustaf  Lundberg,  C. 

Mich. ,  Detroit,  Peter  Sorensen,  V.  C. 

Minn.,  St.  Paul,  JohnC.  Nelson,  C. 

INro.,St.  Louis,  C.  E.  Ramlose,  V.  C.  V 

Neb.,  Omaha,  V 

O. ,  Cleveland,  Mark  L.  Thomsen,  V.  CJ 

Ore. ,  Portland,  William  Eisen,  V.  C.     { 

Pa.,  Philadelphia.  J.  N.  Wallem,  V.  0> 

P.  I.,  31auila,  R.  H.  Wood,  C. 

DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC. 

Til.,  Chicago,  F.  W.  J()b,V.  C. 
Md. ,  Baltimore,  William  A.  Reondan.  V.C. 
N.C.,  Wilmington,  Andrew  J.  Howell,  Jr.,  V.C. 
Porto  Rico,  San  Juan,  J.  E.  Medina  y  Cortes,  C.  G. 

KCUADOR. 

/Los  Angeles,  Tluimas  Duque,  Hon.  C.  G. 

I  San  Francisco,  Dr.  D.  P.  Arcentales,  C.G. 
111.,  Chicago,  Luis  Millet,  C. 
Mass. .  Boston,  Gustavo  Preston,  C. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  CassiusA.  Green, C. 

FRANCE. 

Ala..  Mobile,  G.  A.  Riviere,  C.  A. 

Alaska,  Nome  City,  Albert  Schneider,  C.  A. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  Henri  Aoine  Joseph  Moron, C. 

Col.,  Denver,  A.  Bourquin,  C.  A. 

Ga. ,  Savannah,  Alexis  Nicolas,  C.  A. 

Hawaii,  Honolulu,  Jean  A.  Vizzavona,  V.  C. 

111.,  Chicago,  L.E.  Houssin  de  Saint  Laui-ent,  C, 

Ky. ,  Louisville,  Michel  Hermann,  C.  A. 

La.,  New  Orleans,  Marie  P.  V.  Dejaux,  C. 

Md. ,  Baltimore,  Leonce  Rabillon,  C.  A. 

Jlass.,  Boston,  Joseph  J.  Flamand,C.  A. 

Mich. ,  Detroit.  Joseph  Belanger,  C.  A. 

Minn. , St.  Paul,  FranyoisCelestin  Boucher,  C.  A, 

Mo.,  St.  Louis,  Louis  Segue  not,  C.  A. 

O. ,  Cincinnati,  Eugene  C.  Pociey,  C.  A. 

Ore. ,  Portland.  Charles  Henri  Labbe,  C.  A. 

Pa. ,  Philadelphia,  Raymond  de  Lobel-Mahy,V.{  ■. 

P.  I.,  Manila,  Francois  L.iNI.  Labrouche,  C.G. 

P.  R.,San  Juan, 

Tex. ,  Galveston,  Anguste  Marie  J(5uve,  V.  C. 

Wash,,  Seattle,    P.  J.  B.  Joujou-Roche,  C.  A. 

GERMANY. 

Ala.,  Mobile,  E.  Holzborn,  C. 
(,"al.,  San  Francisco,  Franz  Bopp,C. 
Col.,  Denver,  Georg  Plehn,  C. 
D.  C. ,  Washington.  Gustave  Dittmar,  C.  A.' 
Ga. ,  Atlanta,  Dr.  Erich  Zoepffel,  C. 
Hawaii.  Honolulu,  W.  Pfotenhauer,  C.       ' 
111.,  Chicago,  Walther  Wever,  C. 
La.,New  Orlean.s,  F.  von  Nordenflyclet,  C. 
INId.,-^  Baltimore,  Fr.  F.  Schneider,  in  charge. 
Mass.,  Boston,   wilhelm  T.  Reincke,  C. 
INfo. ,  St.  Louis,  Maximillian  von  Loehr,  C. 
N.  0. ,  Wilmington,  Vacant. 
O.,  Cincinnati,  Joseph  Lettenbanr,C. 
Ore.,  Portland,  Oswald  Lohan,  Acting C. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Werner  Hagen,  in  charge. 
P.  I.,  Manila,  Franz  Grunenwald,  C. 
P.  R.,  Ponce,  Julius  Umbach,  V.  C. 
S.  C,  Charleston,  Charles  Otto  Witte,  C. 
Tex.,  Galveston,  Otto  Scheldt,  C.  > 

Va. ,  Richmond,  Carl  E.  Vietor,  C. 
Wash.,  Tacoma,  Otto  Richter,  Acting  C. 

GREAT  BRITAIN.  V. 

Ala.,  Mobile,  Edmund  J.  Seiders,  V.  C. 

t!al.,  San  Franci.sco,  Walter  Risley  Hearn,  C.  6. 

Col.,  Denver,  Alfred  Cribben,  V.  C. 

F^la  ,  Jacksonville,  Edward  Sudlow,  V.  C 

Fla. ,  Key  West,  W.  J.  H.  Taylor,  V.  C. 

Ga.,  Savannah,  W,  R.  de  Coetlogon,  C. 

Hawaii,  Honolulu.  Raymond  de  B.  M.Layard.C. 

Ill, ,  Chicago,  Alexander  Biun,  C 


C. 


680 


Foreign   Consuls  in  the    United  States.^ 


FORKIGN   CONSULS   IN  THE   UNITED   STATES— Conf/mte^i. 


liR.,  New  Orleans,  H.  1".  Carew-iriint,  ('. 

Mp.,  I'ortlaiKi.  .lolin  Heriiaril  Keatiug,  V.  C. 

Md. ,  BiUlimure,  Gilbert  Fia-ser,  C. 

Mass.,  Boston,  William  Wyndliam,  C, 

Miss.  .  Uiloxi,  J.  J.   Lemon,  V.  C. 

Mo.,  St.  Louis.  Western  Basconie,  C. 

Mo.,  Kansas  City.  Herbert  W.  Mackirdy,  V.  C. 

Neb..  Onialia.  Mathew  Alexander  Hall,  V.  C. 

N.  C. ,  Wilmington,  .lames  Sprnnt,  V.  C. 

Ore..  Portland,  James  Laidlaw,  C. 

Pa.,  Pliiladelpliia.   Wilfred  Powell,  C. 

P.  r.,  Manila.  William   J.  Kenny,  C.  O. 

P.  I. ,  CH)u,  Charles  Augnstin  Fulcher.  V.  C. 

Porto  ilico,  San  Juan,  Wm.  B.  Churchward.  C. 

R.  I..  Providence,  Georse  A.  Stockwell,  V.  C. 

S.  C,  Charleston,  Alexander  Hark n ess,  V.  C. 

Tex..  Galveston,  Horace  Dickinson  Nugent,  C. 

Va.,  Richmond,  Arthur  Ponsonby  Wilmer,  V.  C. 

\V^ash.,  Seattle,  Bernard  Pelly,  V.  C. 

GRKECE. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  John  Capsimalis,  O. 
111.,  (Jhicago,  Nikolaos  Sallopoulos,  C. 
IMass.,  Boston,  John  Parmenides,  A.  C. 
Mo. ,  St.  Louis.  D.  Jannopoulos,  C. 
Pa. ,  Philadelphia,  S.  Edwin  Megargee,  C. 

GlJATK.NfALA. 

Cal..  San  Francisco.  Felipe  Galicia,  C.  G. 

III.,  Chicago,  A.  C.  Garsia.  Hon.  C. 

Ma-ss.,  Boston,  Benjamin  Preston  Clark,  Hon.  C. 

Mo.,  St.  Louis,  L.  D.  Kinsrsland,  IJou.  C.  G. 

HAYTI. 

Ga., Savannah.  T.  B.  Harris,  V.  C. 
111.,  Chicago,  Cuthbert  Singleton,  C. 
Mass.,  Boston,  Benjamin  C.  Clark,  V.  C, 

HONDURAS. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  Vacant. 

III.,  Chicago,  George  F.  Stone,  C.  G. 

La  ,  New  Orleans.  J.  J.  Fernandez,  C.  G. 

Md.,  Baltimore,  C.  Morton  Stewart,  Jr. ,  C.  G. 

ITAT.Y. 

Ala.,  Mobile,  Giovatmi  Ivnlich,  C.  A. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  (ierolamo  Naselli,C.  G. 

Ct. ,  New  Haven.  Michele  Riccio,  C.  A. 

(Ta. .  Savannah,  Trapani  Luigi,  C.  A. 

Hawaii,  Honolulu,  V.  A.  Schaefer,  C. 

111.,  ('hicago,  Guido  Sabetta.    C. 

La. ,  New  Orleans,  Leonello  Scelsl,  O. 

Md. ,  Baltimore,  ProsperoSchiaftino,  C.  A. 

JMich. ,  Detroit,  C.    Pietro  di  Antonio,  C.  A. 

Mass..  Bostoji.    Gustavo  Tosti,  C. 

Mo. ,  St.  Louis,  DomenicoGinocchio,  C.  A. 

O.,  Cleveland.  Nicola  Cerri,  C.  A. 

Ore.,  Portland.   F.  C.  d'Olivola.  C.  A. 

Pa.,  Philadelplila,  G.  F.  Fornie.(\ 

Pa.,  Pittsburgh,  Mr.  Natali  in  charge  of V.  C. 

S.  C,  Charleston,  Giovanni  Sottile,  C.  A. 

Tex.,  Galveston,  C.  Nicolini.  C.  A. 

Va. ,  Norfolk.  Artnro  Parati.  C.  A. 

Wash. ,  Seattle,  Angusto  J.  Ghiglione,  C.  A. 

JAPAN. 

Ala.,  Mobile,  Wm.  P.  Hutchison,  Hon.  V.  C. 

Cal. ,  San  Francisco.  Kisaburo  Uyeno,  C. 

Hawaii.  Honolulu.  Mike  Saitow,  C.  G. 

111.,  Chicago,  Siezaburo  Shimidzu,  C. 

La. ,  New  Orleans,  John  Walker  Phillips,Hon.  C. 

Ore.,  Portland.  Tsuneii  Aiba.C.  A. 

Pa. ,  Philadelphia,  .1.  M.  McFadden,  Hon.  C, 

Wash.,  Seattle,  Saburo  Hisamidzu,  C.  G. 

I.IBKRIA. 

Mass.,  Boston,  Charles  Hall  Adams,  C.  G. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Thomas  J.  Hunt,  C. 

MKXTCO. 

Ala.,  Mobile,  Alphonso  Jimenez,  V.  C. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco.  Dr.  Plutarco  Ornela,s,C.  G, 

III.,  Chicago.  Enrique  C.  Llorente,  C. 

I.ua., New  Orleans,  Fernando  Baz,  Jr.,  C. 

Md. ,  Baltimore,  Jose  V.  Dosal.  C. 

Mass.,  Boston,   Artnro  P.  Cushing,  C. 

Mo., St.  Louis,  Miguel  E.  Diebold,C. 

O. ,  Cincinnati.  Rafael  0.  Acosta.t^ 

Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Manuel  A.  K.  Ruiz.C. 

Tex.,  Galveston,  Manuel  N.  Velarde,  C. 

Va.,  Norfolk,  A.  C.  Humphreys,  V.  C. 


NKTIIKKLAX1>S. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  G.J.  G.  Marsily,  C. 
111.,  Chicago,  G.  Birkhoff,  Jr.,  C. 
La.,  NewOrleavis.  W.J.  Hammond,  C. 
Md.,  Baltimore,  R.  H.  jNIottu,  C 
Mass..  Boston,  C.  V.  Da.sey,  C. 
Mo.,  St.  Louis.  B.  B.  Haagsma,  C. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Arnold  Katz,  V.  C. 

NMOAKAdlA.  , 

Ca..,  San  Francisco.  Dr.  F.  It.  Mayorga.C.  G. 

ni.,  Chicago,  B.  Singer,  C.  G. 

La.,  NewiJrleans,  Luis  A.  Cousin,  C. 

NORWAY. 

Ill  .  Chicago,  Frederick  Herman  Gade,  C. 
Jowa,  Decorah,  Johannes  IJ.  Wist,  V.  C. 
Mass., Boston,  Peter  Justin  Paasche,  V.  C. 
Minn.,  St.  Paul,Engebreth  H.  Hobe.  C. 
Neb.,  Omaha,  A,  T^.  Undeland,  V.  C. 
Ohio,  Cleveland,  Die  M.  Friestad,  V.  C, 
Wis.,  Milwaukee,  Olofl.  Rove,  V.  C. 

PARAGt^AY. 

D.  C,  Washington,  Clifford  S.  \Valton,  C.  G, 

PEKtr. 
Cal.,  San  Francisco.  Enrique  Grau,  C. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Wilfredo  H.  .Schoff,  Hon.  C. 

PORTITGAT,. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  Ignacio  R.  da  Costa Duarte,  C. 
111.,  Chicago,  A.  de  Q.  Ribeiro.C. 
La.,  New  Orleans,  ]Maurice  (ienerelly,  V.  C. 
M<1. ,  Baltimore,  Adelbert  W.  Means,  V.  C. 
Mass..  Boston,  Viscount  de  V%aHe  da  Costa,  C. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  John  Mason,  V.  C. 

RUSSIA. 

Ala. ,  Mobile,  Murray  Wheeler,  V.  C. 
Cal.,  San  Francisco,  Paul  Kozakevitch,  C. 
(Ta.,  bavannah,  W.  W.  Williamson,  V.  C. 
111.,  Chicago,  Albert  Schlippenbach,  C. 
Md.,  Baltimore,  Charles  Nitze,  V.  C. 
Mass.,  Boston,  T.  Quincy  Browne,  V.  C. 
Ore.,  Portland, 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  William  R.Tucker,  V.  C. 

SALVADOR. 

Cal..  San  Francisco.  Encarnacion  Mejia,  C.  G. 
Ma.ss.,  Boston,  Geo.  A.  Lewis,  Hon.  C. 

SPAIN. 

Ala.,  Mobile,  Luis  Marty  Moragues,  Hon.  V.  O. 

Cal.,  .San  Francisco,  Antonio  Suque  y  Sucona,  C. 

III.,  Chicago,  Berthold  Singer,  Hon.  V.  C. 

La. ,  New  Orleans.  Ricardo  R.  Diez,  V.  C. 

Md.,  iialtimore,  Prospero  Schiafilno,  Son.  V.  C 

Mo.,  St.  Louis,  .lames  Arbuckle.  V.  C. 

Pa. ,  Philadelphia,  Horatio  C. Nevvcomb,  Hon. V.  C, 

P.  I., Manila. 

Porto  Rico.  San  Juan.  Joaquin  Carsl  y  Rivera,  C. 

Va. ,  Norfolk,  Carlos  C.  Richardson,  V.  C. 

SWEDEN. 

Ala.,  Mobile,  Robert  H.  Smith,  V.  O. 

Cal. ,  San  Francisco,  Vacant. 

Col.,  Denver,  Hjalmar  R.  Sahlgaard,  V.  C. 

111.,  CUiicago,  J.  R.  Lindgren.  V.  C. 

La.,  New  Orleans,  Pe^rl  Wight,  V.  C. 

Mass.,  Boston.  Birger  G.  Adolf  Rosentwist.V.  C. 

Minn.,  St,  Paul.  J.A.Jackson,  in  charge  of  V.  C. 

Mo.  ,St.  Louis.  Nils  Grant,  in  charge  of  T.  C. 

Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Marcel  Alonzo  Viti,  V.  C. 

S.  C,  Charleston, 

SWITZERLAND. 

Cal. ,  San  Francisco,  Antoine  Borel,  C. 
111.  ,  Chicago,  Arnold  Holinger.  C. 
Mo. ,  St.  Louis.  Jacques  Buff,  C. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Gustav  A.  Walther,  C. 

TURKEY. 

Cal.,  San  Francisco,  George  E.  Hall,  C.  G. 

D.  C,  Washington,  Dr.  Schoenfeld,  C.  G. 

111..  Chicago,  Charles  Henrotin,  C.  G. 

Mass. ,  Boston,  Frank  G.  Macomber,  Hon.  C  G, 

URUGUAY. 

111.,  Chicago,  Juan  Moffit,  C. 

Mass.,  Boston,  Charles  H.  Adams,  V.  C. 

Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Antonio  Sans,  C. 

VENEZUELA. 

Cal. ,  San  Francisco,  J.  L.  Eastland,  C. 
111. ,  Chicago,  Pedro  Alvizua,  Hon.  C. 
Pa.,  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Elias  M.  Oramaa,  <X 


Apiyortloiinient  of  Congressional  Representation. 


681 


^ppotttonmntt  of  (^onfivrssional  Meptestntatfou. 

Ratios  under  Constitution  and  at  Each  Censu  s,  1790  to  1900,  by  States. 


Ratios  undkb  Constitution  and  Cex.suskB. 

V 

Consn- 
tuiion. 

1790 

1800 

1810 

1820 

• 

0 
0" 

1830 

I' 
t> 

1 
1840 

1850 

1860 

H 

CO 
CO 

I- 

H 

1870 

i-T 

CO 

1880 

1890 

s 

0 

H 

1900 

Statk. 

©" 

CO 

i 

d 
§ 

CO 

CO 

i 

H 
i-l 

CO 

H 

i 

H 

Representation. 

Alabama 

•  •  •  • 

'    5 

1 

■"3 

•  •  >  • 

•  •  •  « 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

•  ■  •  > 

6 

8 

•  •  •  • 

•  ■  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

3 
4 
6 
5 

"8 
1 
5 

•  •  •  • 

10 

•  •  •  • 

7 

1 
"2 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

■'2 

"8 
14 

4l 

5 

10 

10 

'V6 
2 
6 

1 

"2 
19 

•  .  *  < 

106 

"i 

1 

••4 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

•  6" 

■9 
17 

«  •  •  • 
•  •  •  • 

5 

6 
17 
12 

1 

18 
2 
8 

"3 

••4 
22 

1 

•  •  •  • 

7 

2 

"6 

'i' 

1 

io 

1 

*7 

9 

13 

1 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

6 

6 

27 

13 

6 

•  *  •  • 

23 
2 
9 

"(& 

'o 

23 

3 

"e 

1 
"7 
*  i 

3 

'12 
3 

7 

9 

13 

1 

1 

6 

6 

34 

13 

14 

26 
2 
9 

■9 

■5 
22 

213 

5 

1 

"'6 

1 
"9 
*"3 

7 

*i3 

3 

8 

8 

12 

1 

2 
2 

•  •  •  • 

5 

6 
40 
13 

19 

28 
2 
9 

13 

'  t) 

21 

242 

7 
1 
2 

"4 

1 
1 
8 

"7 

10 
2 

'io 

4 

7 

6 

10 

3 

4 
5 

4 

5 

34 

9 

21 

•24' 
2 
7 

iV 
2 

"4 

15 
232 

7 
2 
2 

'■4 

1 
1 

8 

"9 

11 
2 

io 

4 

6 

6 

11 

4 
2 

5 

7 

3 

5 
33 

8 

21 
1 

25 
2 

6 

16 
2 

"3 
13 

3 
237 

6 
3 
3 

"4 

1 

1 

7 

ii' 
11 

6 
1 
9 
5 

5 

5 

10 

6 

2 

5 
9 

■  i 

1 

3 

5 

31 

7 

19 

1 

24 

2 

4 

■'8 
4 

"3 

11 

6 
243 

8 
4 
4 

1 
4 

1 
2 
9 

19 

13 
9 
3 

10 
6 

5 
6 
11 
9 
3 

6 
13 

*i 

1 

3 

7 
33 

8 

20 
1 

27 
2 
6 

io 

6 

■3 

9 

■3 
8 

293 

1 

8 
5 
6 

1 
4 

1 

2 
10 

1 
20 

13 
1^ 

t 
11 

6 

4 
6 

12 

11 
5 

14 
1 

3 

1 

2 

7 

34 

9 

1 

21 

1 

28 

2 

7 

10 
11 

'2 

10 

1 

4 
9 

1 

332 

9 
6 

7 
2 

4 

1 

2 

11 

1 

22 

13 
11 

s 
11 

6 

4 
6 

1.! 

12 

r- 
r- 

15 

1 
(> 

•> 

8 

34 

9 

1 

21 

36 
2 

7. 

2 
10 
13 

1 
2 

10 
2 
4 

10 

1 

357 

9 

A  rkansas 

7 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

8 
3 
5 

Dplaware. 

1 

Florida 

(Georgia 

Idaho      ••• 

2 
11 

1 

Illinois 

Indiana 

25 
13 

Iowa    •.•••..•.•«••*.. 

11 

Kansas 

8 

Kpntunkv 

11 

TjOuisiana «. 

7 

Elaine 

4 

Maryland 

6 

iviassachusetts 

^lichieran 

14 
12 

Af  i  iinpsota,.  ......••>•• 

9 

Mississippi 

S 

T\l  issouri.. 

16 

Montana 

1 

TVphraska 

6 

Npvada 

1 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Ppnnsvlvania 

2 

10 

•  >  ( 

10 

2 

21 

2 
32 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

2 

7 

2 
10 
16 

Utah       

1 

2 

"^/irginia 

10 

Washington..  

West  Virginia^ 

Wisconsin 

3 

5 

11 

Wyoming 

1 

65 

142 

186 

386 

*  Included  in  the  20  members  originally  assigned  to  Massachusetts,  but  credited  to  Maine  after  its 
admission  as  a  State  March  15,  1820. 

Note.— The  following  representation  included  in  the  table  was  added  after  the  several  census 
apporiionmentsindicated:  First— Teimessee,  1.  Second— Ohio.  1.  Third— Alabama,  1;  Illinois,!; 
Indiana,  1;  Louisiana,  1;  Maine, 7;  Mississipi,  1.  Fifth— .Arkansas,!;  Michigan  1.  Sixtli— California. 
2;  Florida,  1;  Io\va,2;  Texas,  2;  Wisconsin,  2.  Seventh-Massachusetts,!;  j\]iiiiie«ptji, 2;  Oregon, 
1.  Eighth— Illinois,!;  Iowa,  1;  Kentucky,  1;  Mniiiesota,  1;  Nebrn.ska,  1;  Nevada,!;  Ohio,!; 
Pennsylvania,!;  Rhode  Island,!  ;  Vermont,  1.  Ninth— Cuioiado,  1.  'IVnth— Tdalio,  1;  JMowtana.  1; 
Nortk  J^aketa,  I;  South  JD»k©ta,,ai  WHshiugtvu,  I ;  W'yauunti.  I.    iJi!v«hU»— Utah,  l> 


682 


Party  Dimslons, 


33attg  Divisions 


IN  THE  HOUSE  OP  REPRESENTATIVES.  59TH  AND  60TH  CONGRESSES. 


States. 


Alabama 

ArkaiiNa.9 

Caiitoriiia 

(.'olorado 

i'onnecticut  .... 

Dela^vare 

Florida 

<nJeorgia 

Idalio 

lliiiiois 

Indiana , 

Iowa 

Kaii^tas 

Kentucky 

liOnisiiana 

,>laine 

fliaryland 

i>rassachusett8. 

Michif^an 

i>nnne!!>ota 

l>Iissis.>»ii)pi 

I\Iisi!><oiiri 

3roiitana 

Nebraska 


Fifty- 
ninth 

rONGKESS.* 


£3 
a) 

C 


9 

7 


3 
11 

i 

2 


9 

7 

3 
3 


S 

7 


a 


8 
3 
5 
1 


1 

21 
11 
11 

8 

4 

3 

1  1 

Vi 

9 

9 
1 
6 


Sixtieth 

congkkss.* 


a 

9 

7 


3 
11 

5 

1 

'7 

7 

3 
3 

i 

8 
12 


<0 


States. 


Fifty- 
ninth 
congukss.* 


8 
3 
5 

1 


1 

20 

9 

lO 

8 
4 

4 

3 
11 
12 

8 

4 
1 


Nevada 

New   Hampshire 

Neiv  Jersey 

New  Yorli 

Nortb  Carolina 
North    Dakota.. 

Ohio 

Oregon  

Pennsy  ivania... 
Rhode  Inland. .. 
Sontli  Carolina 
Sonth  Dakota.. 
Tennessee  ....  .. 

Texas , 

Utah 

Vermont , 

Virjfinia 

Washington. 

West  Virginia.. 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total 


1 

11 

9 


1 
1 

7 

"s 

16 


9 

i 


136 


2 

9 
26 

1 

2 
20 

2 
31 

1 

'»* 


1 
2 
1 

3 

5 

lO 

1 


250 


Sixtieth 
conghkss.* 


a 


4 
12 
lO 


7 
1 
7 

'8 
16 


9 

"2 
164 


0) 


2 

6 

25 

2 
16 

2 
25 

1 

2 
2 

i 

2 
1 
3 
5 
9 
1 

222 


As  constituted  at  the  begiuuiug  of  the  Cougiess. 


PARTY    DIVISIONS    IN    CONGRESS    SINCE    THE    FORMATION    OF    THE 

REPUBLICAN    PARTY    IN     1856. 


CONGKESSES. 


Years. 


Skxate. 


X.XXV 1857-1859 

XX  .XVI :i859-l*l 

X-XXVl  1 1861-1863*' 

XX.WIII 1863-1865* 

XX  XIX 1865-1867 

XL 1867-1869 

XLI 1869-18;! 

XLII 1871-1878 

XMIl 1873-1875 

XLIV 1876-1877 

-XLV 1877-1879 

XLVI 1879-1881 

XLVII 1881-1883  ! 

XLVIIl 1883-1885  , 

.XLIX 1885-1887  I 

Ji 1887-1889 

lA 1889-1891 

I.II 11891-1893 

lilll. *"....     ...1893-1895 

I.IV 11895-1897 

l.V '1897  1899 

liVI 1B99-1901 

l.VII 1901-1903 

I.VIII 1B03-1905 

I.VIX  1905  1907 

1.x 1907-1909 


Deni. 

39 
38 
10 
9 
11 
11 
11 
17 
20 
29 
39 
44 
38 
36 
34 
37 
37 
39 
44 
39 
34 
26 
29 
32 
32 
29 


Rep. 

20 

26 

31 

36 

41 

42 

58 

57 

47 

43 

36 

32 

37 

4011 

42 

39 

39 

47 

38 

42 

46 

53 

56 

58 

58 

61 


Amer.  L^nion.      Ind. 


5 

2 


2 
5 


7t 
2t 
It 

i  § 


2ir 

3ir 

5ir 

lou 

iitm 


House  of  Representatives. 


Dem. 


131 
101 

42 

75 

40 

49 

78 
103 

92 
168 
151 
148 
138 
198 
204 
168 
159 
236 
220 
104 
134§} 
163 
1.53 
174 
136 
164 


Rep^ 

92 
113 
106 
102 
145 
143 
151 
138 
194 
107 
142 
129 
146 
124 
120 
1.53 
166 

88 
126 
246 
206 
185 
198 
206 
250 
222 


Anier.  Union.   Ind 


14 
23 


28 


9 


5t 
14 


16 
10 

1 
1 
4 


8"Tr 
sir 

7ir 
i6tir 

9Ut 

5  mil 


Parties  as  constituted  at  the  beginning  of  each  Congress  are  given.  These  figures  were  liable  to 
change  by  contests  for  seats,  etc. 

*  During  the  Civil  War  most  of  the  Southern  States  were  unrepre.sented  in  Congre.ss. 

tr^iberal  Republicans.  J  (ireenbackers.  §  David  Davis.  Independent,  of  Illinois. 

B  Two  Virginia  Senators  were  Readjusters,  and  voted  with  the  Repul)licans. 

IT  People's  party,  except  that  in  the  House  of  Rej)resentatives  ot  the  Flity-fourth  Congress  one 
member  is  cla-ssed  as  Silver  party. 

**  Three  Senate  seats  were  vacant  (and  continued  .so)  and  two  Repre.sentative  seats  were  nnfilled 
(Rhode  Island  had  not  yet  elFecied  a  choice)  when  the  session  began.  Rhode  Island  subsequently 
elected  two  Republicans. 

tt  Five  Populists,  two  Silver  party,  three  Independents.  §5  Including  fifteen  members  classed  as 
Fusionists.     IflT  Including  three  members  classed  as  Silver  party.     There  was  one  vacancy. 

JiJSix  Populists,  three  Silver  party. 

ilim  Five  Populists,  one  Silver  party,  two  Independents,  and  three  vacancies. 

Iin  Three  Populists,  one  Silver  p.arty.  one  Fuslou  party,  «>ue  vacancy. 

CyOne  Populist,  one  fiilver  party,  one  Fnsiou'st,  two  varaiiCies. 

''**T^fni  UuioQ  JLfthor  aud  l*e  y*«?»i>«!woo«  JOvmocrftiJ*".  ""»» *icpuhiic»n. 


The  Sixtieth   Congress. 


683 


K\)t  .^f.vtirtfj  (^ouBrciOis* 


BEGAN  MAKCU  4,  1907,  AMD  ENDS  MARCH  4,  1909. 

SENATE. 

President  pro  tempm^e William  P.  Frye,  Rep.,  of  Maine. 

Secretai-y Charles  G.  Bennett,  Rep.,  of  New  York. 


00    [li 

s  a 
f-  ^ 


Senators. 


Alabama. 
1915  Jos.  ¥.  Johnston  t 
1913  John  H.  Bankhead 

Arkansas. 
1909  James  P.  Clarke  . . . 
1913  Jeliei"son  Davis 

Calipoknia. 
1909  Cieorge  C.  Perkins  . 
1911  Frank  P.  Flint 

Color  A  no. 
1909  Henry  M.  Teller... 
1913  Simon  Gnggenheim 

CONNFX'TICUT. 

1909  Frank  B.Brandegee 
1911  yV.  G.  Hulkeley4:.... 

Dklawakk.' 
1911  Henrv  A.  Dn  Pontt 
19181 H.  A.  Richardson.. 

I    Florida. 
1909  Wni.  James  Bryan 
1911  .1.  P.  Taliaferrot... 

Georgja. 
1909  Alexander  S.  Clay.. 
1913  AngustnsO.Bacont 

lUAHO. 

1909  WeldonB.Heybnrn 
1913  William  K.Borah.. 

1  LLINOIS. 

1909  Albert  J.  Hopkins  .. 
1913  Shelby  jM.CuUoiu.. 

Indiana. 
1909  .fas.  A.  Hemenway 
1911  .\lbertJ.  Beveridge 

Iowa. 
1909  William  B.Allison. 
1913  Jona.  P.Dolliver... 

Kansas. 
1909  Chester  I.Long  .... 
1913  Charles  Curtis 

I       KKNTI'C'KY. 

1909l.las.  B.  IMcCrearvt. 
1913|T.  H.  Paynter..;.,. 

LOUISI.^NA. 

l909lSam.  D.  McKnervt 
1913  Murphy  J.  Foster. . 
Maine. 

1911  l<:ngpne  Hale 

19131  William  P.  Frye.... 

?*lARYr.ANI>! 

1909' William  P.  Whyte. 
1911]  isidor  Rayiier.." 

MaSSAC'HUSKTTS. 

1911  Henry  C.  Lodge 

1913  Winthvop  M.  Crane 

MiCHJfiAX. 

19ir  InliusC.  Bin-rowst 
1913,  NVilliam  A.  Smith. 

Minnesota. 
1911  :\Ioses  E.  Clapp... 
;S13|KnnteNel.S()nt 

MiSSISSIPIM. 

;911!h.  JX  Monevt 

19131  A.J.  McLanrint ... . 

MlSSOl'RL 

190".)' William  J.Stone.  . 
191L  William  Waruerf.. 

Montana. 
1911  Thomas  H.  Carter. 
1913  Joseph  M.  Dixon.. . 

Nkbraska. 
1911  Elmer  J.  Burkett.. 
1913  Norris  Browu 


Post-Oflice 
Address. 


I>-  Birmingham. 
D.  I  Fayette 


D. 'Little  Rock., 


Little  Rock. 


Oakland 

Los  Angeles. 


D. 

R. 
R. 

D. 
R. 

R. 
H. 

R. 

R.  Dover 


PI.ice 
of  Birth. 


Xorth  Carolina. 
Mississippi .  . . . 


1843 
1854 


College. 


Denver. 
Denver 


New  London. 
Hartford 


Wilmington.. 


Jacksonville. 
Jacksonville. 


Marietta 
Macon.. . 


D. 
D. 

D. 
D. 

R. 

H. 

R. 

R.  Springfield  . 


Wallace 
Boise.... 


Aurora , 


Boonville 

Indianapolis  .. 

Dubuque 

Fort  Dodge  . . 

Medi'e  Lodge 
Topeka 


Richmond 

Frank lort ... . 

New  Orleans. 
Franklin 


Ellsworth  . . . 
Lewiston  . . . . 


D.  Baltimore 

D.  Baltimore 

R.lNahant 

R.lDalton 

R.I  Kalamazoo. . . 
R.  Grand  Rapid.s 

I 
R.'st.  Paul 


.\lexantlria. . . 

Miss'ippi  Cit.x 
Brandon 


D.  Jefferson  City 


Kansas  City  . . 


Helena  . . 
Missoula. 


Lincoln  .. 
Kearney, 


Maine 

Massachussetts, 


Xew  York 

Pennsylvania.. 

Connecticut... 
Connecticut 

Delaware 


Florida . 
Vii-ginia , 


Georgia. 
Geoi'gia. 


Pennsylvania  . 
Illinois , 


Illinois 

Kentucky 


Indiana. 
(Jhio 


Ohio 

West  Virginia. 

Pennsylvania. 
Kansas 


Kentucky 

Kentiiekj- 


Louisiana 
Louisiana. 


Maine. 
.Maine. 


Maryland. 


Massachusetts. . 

•Massachasetts. . 

Pennsvlvania,. 


1839 
1862 

1830 

1867 

1864 
183 

1838 


1876 
184 

1853 
1839 

1852 
1865 

1846 

1829 

1860 
1862 

1829 
1858 

1860 
1860 

1838 
1851 

183 
1849 

1836 
1831 


o 


Univ.  of  Virginia 


Alfred  University... 

Yale 

U.S.  Military  Acad.. 
Emory 


Hiawassee  (Tenn.). . . 
Univ.  of  Georgia..  . 

■  ■•■■•  •  ••  •  •••••••■•  •  -••  • 

State  Univ.  of  Kan.. 

Hillsdale  (Mich.)  .... 
Rock  River 


De  Pauw  University. 

Western  .Reserve 

West  Va.  University. 


1850 


Centre. 
Centre . 


Univ.  of  Virginia.. 
Cumberland  Uuiv 


Bowdoiu. 


1878 


Pre.sent 
Vocation. 


1885 
1861 


PublicOfficiai 
PublicOfflcial 

Lawyer 
PublicOfficiai 

Merchant 
Lawyer 

Lawj'er 
Retired 

Lawyer 
Insurance 

PublicOfficiai 
PublicOfficiai 


1896;Lawyer 
.i  Banker 

1876 1  Lawyer 
18591  Lawyer 

.  ..'Lawyer 
1889  Lawyer 

187o' Lawyer 


1853 
i885 
1875 


PublicOfficiai 

Lawyer 
Lawyer 

PublicOfficiai 
Lawyer 


.  'Lawyer 
.  Lawyer 


1857  Lawyer 
1851  Lawyer 


..'Lawyer 
1870,  Lawyer 


..'Lawyer 
I860  Lawyer 


Univ.  of  Virginia. 


ISoo'Harvard . 


'PublicOfficiai 
I  Lawyer 


1837 


.Michigan 1859 


Indiana.. 
Norway., 


Mississippi. 
Mississij)pi. 


Kentucky  , 
Wisconsin. 


1851 
1843 

1839 

1848 

1848 
1840 


Univ.  of  ]Mississippi.. 
Missouri  State  LTniv 


Ohio 

N.  Carolina. 


Iowa . 
Iowa. 


1854 

1867  Earlham. 


1871  Literature 
PublicOfflcial 

[Lawyer 
Lawyer 


. . . '  I-awyer 
. .  Lawyer 


I860  Retired 
Lawyer 


Retired 
Lawyer 


.     Lawyer 
1889  Lawyer 


1867  Tabor !  1890  Lawyer 

1863  Univ.  of  Iowa 1883'Lawyer 


684 


The  Sixtieth  Congress.— Cmiinned. 


I 


SENATE— CoH^mwedJ 


IB    pj 

1909 
1911 

1909 
1913 

1911 
1913 

1909 

1911 

1909 
1913 

1909 
1911 

1909 
1911 


1909 
1913 

1909 
1911 

1911 
1913 


Senators.     * 


Nevada. 

F.  G.  Newlands 

George  S,  Nixon  . . . 
Nkw  Hampshirk. 
Jacob  H.  Gallinger. 
H.  E.  Burnham. .. 

Nkw  Jersey. 

Joliu  Keaii 

Frank O.  Briggs.... 

New  York. 
Thomas  C.  Piatt... 


Post-Office 
Address. 


C.  M.Depewt 

N.  Carolina. 

Lee  S.  Overman 

F.  M.  Simmons 

North  Dakota. 
H.  C.  Hansbrough.. 
P.  J.  McCumber 

Ohio. 
Josepli  B.  Forakert 
Cliaiies  Dick§§ 

Oklahoma. 
Robert  L.  Owens... 
Thomas  P.  Gore 

Oregon. 
f'liarles  W.  Fulton. 
Jonathan  Bourne, J r 

Pennsvlvania. 
Boies  Penrose.  . .  . 
Philander  C.  Knox 

Khode  Island. 
Nelson  W.  Aklrirh. 


D. 
R. 

R. 
R. 

R. 
R. 

R. 

R. 

D. 
D. 

R. 
R. 

R. 
R. 

D. 
D. 

R. 

R. 

R. 
R. 

R. 


Reno 

Wiunemucca 


Concord  

Manchester . 


Elizabeth. 
Trenton... 


New  York . . . 
New  York... 


Salisbury. 
Raleigh. . . 


Devil's  Lake. 
Wahpetou 


Cincinnati.. 
.Akron   


^Muskogee. 
Law  ton... 


Place 
of  Birth. 


Mississippi. 
California. . 


Canada. 

N.  Hampshire  . 

New  Jersey 

NewHampshire 


New  York . 
New  York. 


N.  Carolina 

N.  Carolina... 


Illinois. 
Illinois. 


Ohio. 
Ohio. 


Astoria.. 
Portland. 


Ohio 


Philadelphia 
Pittsburgh. .. 

Providence. . 


S.  Carolina. 
1909  Asbury  C.  Latimer. ID. 
1913  Benj.  R.  Tillman  ..  D. 

SOITH  D.AKOTA. 

1909  A.  B.  Kittridge....  R. 
1913  Robert  J.  Gamble..  R. 

Tennessee. 
1911  James  B.  Frazier..  D. 
1913  Robert  L.  Taylor...  D. 

Te.xas. 

1911  C.  A.  Culberson D. 

1913  Joseph  \V.  Bailey..  D. 

1909  Reed'Smoot R. 

1911  George  Sutherland.  R. 

Vermont. 
1909  W.  P.  Dillingham.  Ir. 
1911  Red  field  ProctorJ.  .,R. 

Virginia. 
1911  John  W.  Danielt. .  .JD. 
1H13  Thomas  S.  Martiut  D. 

Washington.      | 

1909  Levi  Ankeny IR. 

1:^11  .Samuel  H.  P"iles |r. 

West  Virginia.  1 
1911  Nathan  B.  Scott4:....!R. 
1913  Stephen  B.  ElkiusJ  R. 

WlSf'ONSlN.  I 

19(W  laaacSteph-nson..  'r. 
1911  Robt.  Isi.  LiFollelte  R. 

SVVO.MJ.NCi.  I 

1911  Clarence  D.  Clark..  IR. 
1913'  Francis  E.  WarrenJ  i R. 


Bel  ton . . 
Trenton 


Sioux  Falls.  . 
Yankton 


South  Carolina 
South  Carolina 

N.Hampshire., 
New  York 


Chattanooga. 
Nashville 


Dallas 

Gainesville. .. 

Provo  City 

Salt  Lake  City 

Montpelier  . . . 
Proctor 


Lynchburg. . 

iScottsville. .. 

Walla  Walla 
[Seattle 


'Wheeling. 
lElkins.... 


Virginia. 


Pennsylvania . 
Pennsylvania .. 

Rhode  Island  . . 


a  >- 


1848 
1860 

1837 


College. 


Yale 


Dartmouth,  Medicine 


»-    3 


1885 


Present 
Vocation. 


PublicOfficial 
Banker 

PublicOfficial 
Lawyer 


1844  Dartmouth 11865 

18o2'columbia,  Law !l875l Banker 

ISoliU.S.  Military  Acad . .  J1872  Manufacturer 

1833  Yale 


1834Yale 1856 


^Trinity 

1854  Trinity  (N.  C.  ) 


1848! 

1858  Univ.  Michigan,  Law 


..lEditor 
1880.  Lawyer 


1846  Cornell  Univ. 
1858: , 


185D,Wash.  &  Lee  Univ. 
1853 


Harvard. 


1860 

1853,Mount  Union. 

18411 


PresidentU.S. 
Express  Co. 
Lawyer  (d) 

Lawyer 


11874 

1873J  Lawyer 


1869 
1877 


Lawyer 
Lawj-er 

Lawver 
PublicOfficial 

Lawyer 
PublicOfficial 


188l!Lawver 

1872  Public  Official 


1851 
1847 

1861 


Tennessee. 


Alabaina.... 
Mississippi. 


Utah 

England. 


Vermont , 
Vermont , 


Virginia. 
Virginia. 


Missouri . . 
KenHiekj'. 


Ohio. 
Ohio. 


[Marinette.. 
.Madison.  . 


lEvanston. 
■Cheyenne. 


Canada .... 
Wisconsin. 


New  York 

Mas.sachusetts. 


Yale 


1851lLawrence  Univ... 


1858  Univ.  Tennessee.. 
1848 


1855  Virginia  Mil.  Inst 

1863  Un.  Miss,  and  Uu.Va 


Merchant 


Farmer 
Farmer 


1882  Lawyer 
1874)  Lawyer 

1878  Lawyer 

PublicOfficial 


1874 


11880 


Lawyer 
Lawyer 

Banker 


1862'state  Univ 

1862  Uni  v.  Michigan,  Law  l883,Lawyer 

184.^; I 'Lawyer 

1831  Dartmouth jlSoliRetired 


1842 

1847  Univ.  Virginia. 


1844, 
1858. 

18421 
1841 

1829 
1855 

1851 
1844 


Lawj'er 
18671  Lawyer 


Banker 
Lawyer 


Manufacturer 


Univ.  Missouri 11860  Mining 


..'Lumberman 
Univ.  Wisconsin ll879iLawyer 

Iowa  State  Univ 11874  Lawyer 

.  .'stock  Raiser 


D.,  Democrats,  31;   R.,  Republicans,  60;  1  vacancy. 

t  Served  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the  Civil  War.  JServed  in  the  Union  Army  during  the 
Civil  War.    («)  Also  Railroad   Interests.    §§  Served  in  Spanish- American  War.  >^ 

Vocations.— Lawyers,  54;  merchants,  2;  farmers,  2;  manufacturers,  2;  mining,!;  editor,!; 
president  express  companv,!;  insurance,  1;  stock  raiser,!;  baukers,5;  literature,!;  public  officials, 
!4;  lumberman.  1;  retired,  4.  The  salary  of  a  Senator  is  $7,500  per  annum.  Congress  each  session 
votes  an  appropriation  of  20  cents  per  mile  for  travelling  from  and  to  the  seat  of  government. 

The  oldest  Senator  in  years  is  Mr.  Allison,  of  Iowa,  who  is  78  ;  the  youngest,  William  James 
Bryan,  of  Florida,  who  is  31. 


The  Sixtieth  Congress.— Continued. 


685 


HOUSE    OF    REPRESENTATIVES. 

Speaker Joseph  G.  Cannon,  Rep. ,  of  Illinois. 

Cierk Alexander  McDowell,  Rep.,  of  Pennsylvania. 


1 

2 
3 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 


1 

2 

3 

4 

6 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 


Representatives. 


Alabama. 

George  W.  Taylor*t . . 
Ariosto  A.  Wiley  *(a) . 
Henry  D.  Clayton  *. . . 
William  B.Craig. 


J.  Thomas  Heflm"* 

Richard  P.  Hobsou 

John  L.  Burnett* 

William  Riohardson*t 

O.  W.  Underwood* 

Arkan.sas. 

R.  B.Macon* 

Stephen Brundidge,  Jr.*.. 

JolinC.  Floyd 

Ben  Cravens 

Charles  C.  Reid* 

Joseph  T.  Robinson* 

Robert  M.  Wallace* 

Califorsi.4^. 

W.  P.  Englebright.  * 

Duncan  K.McKinlay* 

Joseph  R.  Knowland* 

Julius  Kahn* 

E.  A.Hayes* 

James  C.  Needham* 

.lames  McLachlau* 

Sylvester  C.  Smith  * 

Co  LOR  a  no. 
George  W.Cook t(at  large) 

Robert  W.  Bonyuge* 

W.  A.Naggott 

CONNKCTICUT. 

Geo.  L.  Lilley*  (at  large). 

E.  Stevens  Henry* 

N.  D.  Sperry* 

Edwin  W.  Higgins  * 

Ebenezer  J.  Hill  ♦$ 

Delaware. 
H.  R.  Burton*  (at  large). . . 

Florida. 

S.  M.  Snarkman* 

Frank  Clark 

W.B.Lamar* 

Georoia. 

Charles  G.  Edwards^ 

James  M.  Griggs* 

Elijah  B.  Lewis* 

Wm.  C.  Adamsou* 

L.  F.  Livingston*t 

Charles  L.  Bartlett* 

Gordon  Lee* 

Wra.  M.  Howard* 

Thomas  M.  Bell* 

Thomas  W.  Hardwick*. ., 
W.  G.  Brantley* 

InAHO. 

B.  L.French*  (at large) 

Illinois 

Martin  B.  Madden* 

James  R.  Mann* 

William  W.  Wilson.* 

James  T.  McDermott 

Aflolph  J.Sabath 

William  Lorimer* 

Philip  Knopf** 

Charles  McGavin* 

Henry  S.  Boutell* 

George  E .  Foss* 

Howard  M.  Snapp* 

Charles  E.  Fuller* 

Frank  O.  Lowden  *  (a)  .... 

James  McKinney* 

Geo.  W.  Prince* 


Post-Office 
Address. 


Demopolis... 
Montgomery. 

Eufaula 

Selma , 

Lafayette 

Fayette 

Gadsden 

Huntsville 

Birmingham . 


Helena 

Searcv , 

YellviUe 

Fort  Smith. . 

Morrillton 

Lonoke 

Magnolia 


Nevada  City. 
Santa  Rosa. .. 

Alameda 

San  Francisco 

San  Jose 

Modesto 

Pasadena 

Bakersfleld. .. 


Denver 

Denver 

Idaho  Springs 

Waterbury.... 

Rockville 

New  Haven . . 

Norwich 

Nor  walk 


Lewes. 


Tampa 

Gainesville... 
Tallahassee  . . 

Savannah  

Dawsorf 

Montezuma  . . 

Carrollton 

Porte rdale. ... 

Macon 

Chickaraauga 

Lexington 

Gainesville 

Sandersville.. 
Brunswick  . . . 


Place 
of  Birth. 


Alabama  . 
Alabama 
Alabama  , 
Alabama  , 
Alabama . 


Moscow. 


Alabama . . 
Alabama . . 
Kentucky . 

Arkansas. . 
Arkansas.. 
Tennessee. 
Arkansas. . 
Arkansas.. 
Arkansas  .. 
Arkansas.. 


Mass 

Canada .... 
California. 
Germany. . 
Wisconsin. 

Nevada 

Scotland. .. 
Iowa 


Indiana 

New  York. 
Ohio 


Mass 

Mass 

Connecticut . 
Connecticut. 
CJonnecticut . 

Delaware 


".a 


College. 


I       ° 
*"  2 


Present 
Vocation, 


1843  Univ.  S.  Carolina 
1860  Emory  &  Henry. 
1857  Univ.  of  Alabama 
1877  Cumberla'dUuiv. 
1869  Southern  Univ.     i 


1854  Vanderbilt  Univ.. 

We;-leyan  Univ. 

1862  Univ.  of  Virginia 


1867  Lawyer 
1871  Lawjer 
1878  Lawyer 
1898  Lawyer 

Lawyer 

NavalConst'r 

Lawyer 

PublicOfJicial 

1884  Lawyer 


1859 Lawyer 

1857  '....' Lawy e r 

1858  Uuiv.of  Arkansas  1879  Law.ver 
1872  Univ.  of  Missouri  1893  Lawyer 
1368  Vanderbilt  Univ.  1887  Lawyer 

1872  Univ.  of  Arkansas Lawyer 

1857|  Arizona 1876  Lawyer 


Mining  Eng. 
Lawyer 
1  Banker 
J  Lawyer 


1855' 

1862 

1873 

1S61 

1855  Un.  of  Wisconsin.  1882  Journalist 
1864  Un. of  Mich. (Law)  1889  Lawyer 

1852  Haijiilton 1878  Lawyer 

1858 |....j  Editor 

185l' [....'Minitig 

1863  Columbia  (Law) .  11885  Lawyer 
1864;  Valparaiso  Col. .  .1886  Lawyer 


1859 

1836 

1827! 

1874  Yale 
18461  Yale 


1842  Univ.  of  Pa. 


Florida 1849| 

Alabama 1860 

Florida 1853  Univ.  of  Georgia. 


Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago.. 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Joliet [ 

Belvidere ' 

Oregon i 

Aledo 1 

Galesburg . . . 


Georgia 
Georgia 
Georgia 
Georgia 

Georgia 11832 

Georgia 1853 


Public  Official 
Public  Official 
Retired   . 

1897  Lawyer 

1892  Retired 

1868  Physician 


Univ.  of  Georgia.. 
Un.  of  Nashville. 


1878 
1861 
1854 
1864  Bowdoin 


Georgia . 
Louisiana. . 

Georgia 

Georgia 

Georgia 


Indiana . 


England 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Michigan... 
Bohemia.... 
England.  . . . 

Illinois 

Illinois...    .. 

Mass 

Vermont  ... 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Minnesota. 

Illinois 

Illinois , 


1859 

1857, 
1861 1 
1872 
1860i 


Univ.  of  Virginia 

Emory 

Univ.  of  Georgia. 


Mercer  Univ 

Univ.  of  Georgia. 


1876' Univ.  of  Chicago. 


1856' 
1856 
1869 
1872 
1866; 
....I 
18471 
18741 
1856 
1863 
1855 
1849; 
1861 
1862 
18M| 


Lawyer 

'Lawyer 

1873  Lawyer 

1898  Lawyer 
1H81  Lawyer 
Banker 

1874  Farmer 

Farmer 

1872  Lawyer 
1880  Farmer 
1877,  Lawyer 

I  Not  stated 

1892  Law  j'er 
I  Lawyer 

1903  Lawyer 


Univ.  of  Illinois. .  1876 
Kent !l893 


Lake  ForestUniv. 


Harvard 

Harvard 

Chicago  Univ. 


State  Univ.,  Ta. .. 

Monmouth 

Knox 


1891 


1876 
1885 


1885 
1874 
1878 


Stone 

Lawyer 

Lawver 

Public  Official 

Lawyer 

R.R.  Const' r 

Public  Official 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Farmer 

Banker 

Lawyer 


y 


686 


The  Sixtieth  Co7ig9'ess.'-Conii7iii6d. 


Representatives. 


It.L.i:^ois— Continued. 

Joseph  V.  Graff* 

John  A.  Sterling* 

Joseph  G.  Cannon* 

William  B.  McKinley*.. . 

HenrvT.  Rainey* 

Ben.  F.  Caldwell** 

William  A.  Rodenberg* 

Martin  D.  Foster 

P.  T.  Chapman* 

George  W.  Smith* 

IXDIAXA. 

John  H.  Foster* 

John  C.  Chaney* 

William  K.  Cox 

Lincoln  Dixon* 

EliasS.  Holliday*J 

James  E.  Watson* 

Jesse  Overstreet* 

John  A.  M.  Adair 

Charles  B.  Land  is* 

E.  D.  Criimpacker* 

George  W.  Ranch 

Clarence  C.Gilhams*.  ... 
Ai)raham  L.  Brick* 

JOWA. 

Charles  A.  Kennedy 

Albert  F.  Dawson*.'. 

3|Benj.  r.  Kirdsall* 

4  Gilbert  N.  Hausren* 

5  Robert  G.  Cousins* 

6|Daniel  W.Hamilton , 

.lohn  A.  T.  Hull*t 

William  P.  Hepbnrn*t. .. 

Walter!.  Smith* 

J.  P.  Coimer* 

Elbert  H.  Hubbard* 

Kansas. 

Charles  F.  Scott* 

Daniel  R.  Antlionv,  Jr... 

P.  P.  Campbell''.". 

James  M.  :Miller* 

W.  A.  Calderhead»t 

William  A.  Reeder* 

E.  H.  IVIadison 

Victor  Murdock* 

Ke.vtlickv. 

O.  M.  James* 

.\ugiistus  O.  Stanley*. . . 

.\.  D.  James ." 

Ben.  Joh  nson 

S.  Sherley* 

Jo.seph  L.  Rhiuock* 

William  P.Kimball 

Harvey  Helm 

Joseph  B.  Benneii* 

Joh n  W.  Langley 

Don  C.  Fd  wards* 

Louisiana. 

.A.dolph  Mever*t 

Robt.  C.  Davey* 

Robt.  F.  Broussard* 

JohnT.  Watkius* 

.loseph  E.  Rausdeir.... 

George  K.  Favrot 

A.  P.  Pnjo* 

M.\iNK 

Amos  JL.  Allen* 

Charles  K.  Littlelield'.. 

Edwin  C.  Burleigh* 

4j  Llewellyn  Powere* 

Maryland. 

1  William  H.  Jackson**... 

2  .loshua  F.  C.  Talbott*t., 

3  Harry  B.  Wolf 

4;JohnGill,  Jr* 

5  Sj'dney  E.  INIudd* 

6iGeorge  A.  Pearre* ,. 

Massachusktts. 

1 1  Geo.  P.  Lawrence* 

,  2|Fred.  H.Gillett* 

V  SCljarles  G.  Washburn*... 


16 
17 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

1 

I) 


/ 

8 

9 

lU 

11 

1 

2 
3 
4 

5 
6 

7 
8 


3 
4 
5 

t; 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

1 

2 
3 
4 

5 
6 


R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
D. 
D. 
R. 
D. 
R. 
R. 

R. 
R. 
D. 
D. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
D. 
R. 
R. 


Post-Office 
Address. 


Peoria 

Bloomington. 

Danville 

Champaign. . . 

CarroUton 

Chatham 

E.  St.  Louis  .  . 

Olney  

Vienna 

Murphysboro 

Evansville.. .. 

Sullivan 

Taspar. 


North  Vernon 

Brazil 

Rushvills 

Indi.'vnapolis.. 

Portland 

Delphi 

Valparaiso.. . . 

Marion 

La  Grange 

South  Bend... 


R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 

n. 

R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 

R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 

D. 
D. 
R. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
U. 
D. 
R. 
R. 
R. 

D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 

R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 

R. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
R. 
R. 

R. 
R. 
R. 


Place 
of  Birth. 


Indiana 

Illinois 

N.  Carolina. 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Ohio 


Indiana. 
Ohio 


Indiana. 
Indiana. 
Indiana. 
Indiana. 
Indiana. 

Ohio 

Indiana. 


Indiana , 
Indiana. 


Alontrose .... 

Preston 

Clarion 

North  wood 

Tipton 

Sigourne.v  .... 
Des  Moines. .. 

(Tarinda 

Council  BluHs 

Deiiison 

Sioux  City 

tola 

lipavenworth. 
Pittsburgh  — 
Council  Grov^e 

Marysville 

Logan 

Dodge  Cit.v. . . 
Wichita 


Marion 

Henderson , 

Peurod 

Bardstown. 

Louisville.. 

Covington. 

Lexington. 

Stanford... 

Greenup..., 

Spurlock... 

Loudon 


New  Orleans. 
New  Orleans. 
New  Iberia. . . 

Minden 

L.  Providence 
Baton  Rouge. 
Lake  Charles. 


Alfred  . . . . 
Rockland. 
A  ugusta . . 
Houltou  .. 


towa 

Iowa 

Wisconsin. 
Wisconsin. 

Iowa 

Illinois .... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Iowa 

Indiana 

Indiana 


1854 
1857 
1836 
1856 
1860 
1848 
1865 
1861 
1854 
1846 

1862 
1854 


1860 
1842 
1864 
1859 
1863 
1858 
1852 


College. 


Wabash 

111.  Weslej'an  Uu. 


Univ.  of  Illinois. 
Amherst 


Central  Wesleyan 

Eureka 

McKendree 

McKendiy 


Indiana  Unir 

Cincinnati  Univ. 


fnd.  State  Univ. 

Hartsville 

DePauwUniv... 
Franklin 


Wabash  . . . 
Valparaiso. 


1860 
1860 

1869 


Kansas 

Kansas 

Nova  Scotia. 

Penna 

Ohio 

Penna 

Illinois ....... 

Kansas 


Kentucky  . 
Kentucky.. 
Kentucki'  . 
Keutuck.v  . 
Kentucky  . 
Kentucky., 
Kentucky . 


Kentucky. 
Kentucky 
Iowa 


Mississippi 
Louisiana. . 
Louisiana.. 
Louisiana. . 
Louisiana.. 
Louisiana.. 
Louisiana.. 


Salisbury 

Lutherville.... 

Baltimore 

Baltimore 

Laplata 

Cumberland . . 

North  Adams 
Springtield. 
VVorcester . . 


Maine  . 
Maine 
Maine 
Maine 


1872 
1858 
1859 
1859 
1861 
1841 
1833 
1862 
1851 
1849 

1860 
1870 
1863 
1852 
1814 
1849 
1S6; 


.\uu  Arbor. 


'"    St 


1881 


1883 


1884 
1882 
1870 
1870 

1882 
1882 


1880 


1886 
1882 


1883 
1874 


1883 


Univ.  of  Wis.  ... 
Iowa  State  Univ, 


Cornell  (la.) 

State  Univ.  of  la. 
Iowa  Wesleyan. 


Iowa  State  Univ. 
Yale 


Univ.  of  Kansas 
LTniv.  of  Mich  . .. 
Baker  Univ 


Franklin. 


1872 

1871 
1867 
1850 
18L8 
1871 
1863 
1857 


Marj'land. 
Maryland. 
Maryland. 
Mar.yland. 
Maryland. 

Ma.ss 

Mass 

Mass 


1X59 
1865 
1861 

1842 
1853 
1864 
1854 
1858 
1868 
1861 

1837 
1851 
1843 


1839 


1843 

1880 
1850 
1858 
1860 

1859 
1851 
1857 


Centre 

tin.  of  Louisville 

St.  Mary's 

Univ.  of  Virginia 


Kentucky  I'niv 


Georgetown 


1881 
1884 
1862 


Present 
Vocation. 


1881 
1891 

1888 


Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Public  Official 

Railroad 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Law.ver 

Medicine 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Public  Olficial 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Journalist 

Lawyer 

PublicOffieial 

Farmer 

Law3'er 

Nursery. 

PublicOffieial 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Law.ver 

Lawj'er 

Farmer 

Public  onicial 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Editor 

Editor 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Lawyer 

.lournalist 


1889 

1878 
1891 


1869 
1895 


Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Physician 

Bunker  ' 

Law.ver 

Banker 

Lawyer 

Pnljlic  Official 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Manufacturer 


Univ.  of  Virginia  1862 

St.  Vincent's 1»71 

Tulane  Un.(  Law)Il«39, 
Cumberla'dl'niv.jlS76 


Union 
La.  St  at  t 


ITniv. 


Bowdoin . 


Colby  Univ. 


Un.of  Md.(Law). 
Hampden- Sid'  y., 
Univ.of  Virginia. 
Princeton 


Amherst. 
Amherst 
Harvard . 


l«s.s 


PublicOffieial 

.Merchant 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

I'lauter 

L;iwyer 

Lawyer 


I860  Law\  (M' 
Lawyer 
Ed  ilia- 
Lawyer 


1860 


1901 

1880 
1880 

1880 
1874 
1880 


PublicOffieial 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 
Lawyer 
Manufacturer, 


The  Sixtieth  Congress. —Continued. 


687 


Representatives. 


1 

o 

*j 

3 
4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 


Massachusetts— Q>/t"(<. 

4chas.  Q.  Tirrell* 

6  Butler  Ames  *(a) 

6  Augustus  P.  Gardner*(a). 

7  Eruest  W.  Roberts* 

8  Samuel  W.  McCall* 

9  Johu  A.  Keliber* 

10  Joseph  F.  O'  Coniiell 

11  Andrew  J.  Peters , 

12  John  W.  Weeks*(a) 

13  William  S.  Greene* 

14  William  C.  Lovering*t 

Michigan. 

Edwin  Denb}'*(a) 

Charles  E.  Townsend* 

Washington  Qardner*t 

E.   L.  Hamilton* 

Gerrit  J.  Diekema 

Samuel  W.  Smith* 

Henry  McMorran* 

J.  W.  Fordney* 

James  C.  McLaughlin 

Geo.  A.  Loud*(a) 

A.  B.  Darragh*t 

H.  Olin  Young* 

Minnesota. 

1  James  A.  Tawney* 

2  W.S.  Hammond 

SC.  R.  Davis* 

4  Fred'  k  C.  Stevens* .  

5  Frank  M.  Nye 

6  Charles  A.  Lindbergh 

7  Andrew  J  Volstead* 

g  .1.  Adam  Bede* 

9  H.  Steenerson* 

Mississippi. 

1  E.  S.  Candler,  Jr.* 

*j  Thomas  Spight*t  

3  B.  G.  Humphreys  *(a) 

4  Wilsons.  Hill* 

5  Adam  M.  Byrd* 

6  Eaton  J.  Bovvers* 

7  Frank  A.  McLain* 

8  John  S.  Williams* 

Missouri. 

1  James  T.  Lloj'd* 

2  W.  W.  Rucker* 

3  Joshua  W.  Alexander 

4  Charles  F.  Boohe  r 

5  Edgar  C.  Ellis" 

6  D.  A.  De  Armond* 

7  Courtney  W.  Hamlin**... 

8  Dorsey  W.  Shackleford*. . . 
y  Champ  Clark* 

10  Richard  Bartholdt* 

11  lienryS.  Caulfield 

12  HarryM.  Coudrey 

13  Madison  R.  Smith 

14' Joseph  J.  Russell 

15  Thomas  Hackney 

16  Robert  Lamar** 

Montana. 

Charles  N.  Pray  (at  large). 
Nebraska. 

1  Ernest  M.  "Pollard* 

2  Gilbert  M.  Hitchcock**... 

3  J.  F.  Boyd 

4  Edmund  H.  Hinshaw* 

5GeorgeW.  N orris* 

6M.  P.  Kinkaid* 

Nevada. 
Geo.  A.  Bartlett  (at  large) 

New  Hampshire. 

1  Cj'^rus  A .  SuUoway * 

is  F.  D.  Currier* 

New  Jersey. 

1  H,C.Loudenslager* 

2  John  J.  Gardner*! 

3  Benj.  F.  HowelPJ 

!»IraW.  Wood* 

h  ChflrlesN.  Fowler*.. ...... 

«  WUliem  Hughes**  (a) -. 


R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
R. 
R. 
R. 

R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 

R. 
D. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 

D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

R. 

D. 

I). 

I) 

IJ. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

R. 

R. 
D. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 

D. 

R. 
R. 

R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R 
D. 


Post-Office 
Address. 


Natick Mass 

Lowell Ma.ss 

Hamilton.  ...  Mass 

Chelsea Maine 

Winchester  ..  Penna 

Boston Mass 

Boston Mass 

Boston Mass 

Newton N.  Hanip 

Fall  River Illinois 

Tauntou Rhodelslaud 


Place 
of  Birth. 


Corinth 

Ripley 

Greenville 

Winona 

Philadelphia. 
Bay  St.  Louis. 

Gloster 

Yazoo 


Detroit 

Jackson 

Albion 

Niles 

Holland 

Pontiac 

Port  Huron  . 

Saginaw,W.S. 

Muskegon.... 

Au  Sable 

St.  Louis 

Ishpeming 


Winona  

St.  James 

St.  Peter 

St.  Paul 

Minneapolis.. 
Little  Falls.  .. 
Granite  Falls 

Pine  VAty 

Crookston  .. . . 


Indiana 

Michigan. . 

Ohio'. 

Michigan.  . 
Michigan. . . 
Michigan... 
Michigan... 
Indiana.... 

Illinois 

Ohio 

Michigan... 
New  York . 


Penna... 

Mass 

Illinois. 
Mass.  .. 
Maine.. 


.5  P9 


1844 

1871 
1865 
1858 
1851 
1866 
1872 
1872 
1860 
1841 
1835 

1870 
1856 
1845 
1857 
1859 
1852 
1844 
1853 
1858 
1852 
1840 
1850 

1855 
1884 
1849 
1861 
1852 


College. 


Dartmouth 

U.S.  Mil.  Acad.. 

Harvard 

Boston  Univ.  ... 
Dartmouth 


Harvard  Univ... 

Harvard , 

U.S. Naval  Acad, 


Univ.  of  Michigan 
Univ.  of  Michigan 
O.  Wesleyan  Uni. 


Univ.  of  Mich 

Univ.  of  Michigan 


Univ.of  Michigan 


Univ.  of  Michigan 


Wis.  Univ.  (Law) 
Dartmouth 


Bowdoin. 


<*-  .2 

09 


18(56 
1894 
1886 
1881 
1874 


1896 

1898 
1881 


1896 

ihih 


1883 
1878 


1883 


1868 


1884 


Minnesota. 

Ohio 

Wisconsin . 


Shelbyville.  . . 
Keytesville. . . 

Gallatin 

Savannah  .... 
Kansas  City... 

Butler 

Springfield... 
Jefferson  City 
Bowl'g  Green 

St.  Louis 

St.  Louis 

St.  Louis 

Farmington.. 
Charleston  . . . 

Carthage 

Houston 


Fort  Benton. 


Nehawka. 
Omaha.... 
Neligh.... 
Fairbury . 
McCook. . . 
O'Neill.... 


Tonopah. 


Manchester. 
Canaan 


Paulsboro 

Atlantic  City. 
N.  Brunswick 

Trenton 

Elizabeth..... 
Pftterse«. 


Florida 

Mississippi. 
Mississippi. 
Mississippi 
Alabama  . . 
Mississippi 
Mississippi. 
Tennessee . 


Missouri.  . . . 

Virginia 

Ohio 

New  York.. 
Michigan  . . . 

Penna 

N.  Carolina. 
Missouri.  ... 
Kentucky  . . 
Germany...  . 
Missouri .... 
Missouri. . . . 


Missouri.  . 
Tennessee , 


Nebraska.. 


Penna 

Indiana 

Ohio 

W.  Virginia. 

California.. . 


N.  Ham  p. 
N.  Hamp. 


New  Jersey. 
New  Jersey. 
New  Jersey. 

Penna 

Illinois 

Ireland.;.... 


St.  Olaf.. 


1860 
1856 
1852  Union  (Law) . 


1862 
1841 
1865 
1863 
1859 
1865 
1852 
1854 

1857 
1855 
1852 
1848 
1854 
1844 
1858 
1853 
1850 
1855 
1873 
1867 


1854 
1861 


1869 


1853 
1860 
1861 
1856 

1869 

1839 


1853 

1852 
1845 
1844 


Univ.  of  Miss 

La  Grange 

Univ.  of  Mi.ss 

Univ.  of  Miss 

Columbian  Univ.. 


Univ.  of  Miss... 
Univ.  of  Virginia 

Christian  Univ.. 


Christian  Univ. 
Carleton 


Bethany 

Schleiz(Germ'iiy) 
Wash.  Univ 


Mo.  State  Univ. 
Mo.  State  Univ. 


Neb.  State  Univ. 


Abingdon 

Butler 

Baldwin  Univ 

Univ.Mich.(Law) 

GeorgetownUniv, 


Michigan  Univ. 


1852 


1878 -. 


Princeton. 
Yale 


ii'>tiiStsiti«t«t««*> 


1881 


Present 
Vocation. 


1881 


1884 
1884 
1884 


1874 


1878 


1872 


1873 
1872 
1895 


1880 
1882 


1893 


1885 
1881 
1876 

1894 


187' 
1876 


Lawyer 

Manufacturer 

Trustee 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Real  Estate 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Real  Estate 

Manufacturer 

Lawyer 

Lawj'er 

Public  Oincial 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Lumber 

I^awyer 

Lumberman 

Banker 

Lawyer 

Law3'Gr 

Lawjer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

PublicOfficial 

Lawyer 

Farmer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 
Lawyer 
Lawyer 
Lawyer 
Lawyer 
Lawyer 
Law5'er 
Planter 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawj'er 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lecturer 

Editor 

Lawyer 

Insurance 

PublicOfficial 

Lawyer 

Lawver 

PublicOfficial 

PublicOfficial 

Fruit  Grower 

PublicOfficial 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 
Lawyer 

PublicOfficial 

Farmer 

Banker 

Lawver 

PublicOfficial 

Lawj'er  j 


688 


The  Sixtieth  Congress.— Continued. 


New  J KB.SKY —Continued. 

Richard  W.  Parker* 

Le  Gage  Pratt 

Eugene  W.  Leake 

James  A.  Ilamill 

Nkw  York. 

William  W.  Cocks* 

George  H.  Lindsay* 

Chas.  T,  Dunwell* 

Charles  B.   Law* 

George  E.  Waldo* 

Wm.  M.  Calder* 

John  J.  Fitzgerald* 

Daniel  J.  Riordan* 

Henry  M.  Goldfogle* 

William  Sulzer* 

Charles  V.Fornes 

William  B.  Cockrau* 

Herbert  Parsons* 

William  Willett,  Jr 

J.  Van  VechtenOlcott*... 
Francis  B.  Harrison**  (a). 

Williams.  Bennet* 

Joseph  A.  Goulden*t 

John  E.  Andrus* 

Thomas  W.  Bradley* i. ... 

Samuel  McMillan 

William  H.  Draper* 

George  N.  Southwick* 

George  W.  Fairchild 

Cyrus  Du  rey 

George  R.  Malby 

Jas.  S.  Sherman* 

Chas.  L.  Knapp* 

M.  E.  DdscoU^ 

John  W.  Dwight* 

Sereno  E.  Payne* 

James  B.  Perkins* 

J.  SIoatFassett* 

Peter  A.  Porter 

Wm.  H.  Rvan* 

D.  S.  Alexander*^ 

Ed.  B.  Vreeland* 

North  C.^rolixa. 

.John  H.  Small* 

Claude  Kitchin* 

Chas.  R.  Thomas* 

Edward  W.  Pou* 

Wm.  W.  Kitchin* 

H.  L.Godwin 

Robert  N.  Page* 

Richard  N   Hackett 

E.  Y.  Webb* 

William  T.  Crawford** ,. . . 

North  Dakota. 
T.  F.  Marshall*  (at  large) 
Asle  J.  Grouna* 

Ohio. 

Nicholas  Longworth* 

Herman  P.  Goebel* 

3  John  E.  Harding 

4  William  E.TouVelle 

5  Timothy  T.  Ansberry 

6  Matt.  R.Denver 

7  J.  Warren  Keifer**!;  (a).. 

8  Ralph  D.  Cole* 

9  Isa  ic  R.  Sherwood**i 

10  Henry  T.  Bannon* 

11  Albert  Dougl  as. 

12  Edward  L.  Taylor,  J  r* 

13  (t rant  J].  Mouser 

14  Jay  F.  Lani  ng 

15  Beman  G.  Dawes* 

16  Capell  L.  Weems* 

17  William  A.  Ashbrook 

18  .lames  Kennedy* •. . 

19  William  A.  Thomas* 

20  Paul  Howland  (o) ., 

21  Theo.  E.  Burton*.  ....>.-.v 

Oklahoma. 

1  Bird  S.  McGuIre* <,\r. 

8  Simer  Ik  Fulton.  t.>.;ai.(; 


Post-Office 
Address. 


N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N 


R. 
D. 
D. 
D. 

R. 

D. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

R. 

D. 

R. 

D. 

R. 

D. 

R. 

R. 

U. 

R. 

R 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

D 

R 

R. 

D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
1). 
D. 
D. 

n. 

D. 
D. 

R. 
R 

R 

R. 
R. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
R. 
R. 
D. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
D. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
R 

R 


Newark 

Etist  Orange.. 
Jersey  City... 
Jersey  City. . . 

Old  Westbury 
Brooklyn  — 

Brooklyn 

Brooklyn 

Brooklyn  

Brooklyn 

Brooklyn 

N.  Y.  City 

Y.  City..  . . 

Y'.  City.... 

Y.  City.... 

Y\  City.... 
_..  Y.  City.... 
Far  Rock' w'y 
N.  Y.  City.... 
N.  Y'.  City.... 
N.  Y.  City.... 
N.  Y.  City.... 

Youkers 

W^aldeu 

N.  Y.  City.... 

Troy 

Albany 

Oneonta 

Johnstown . . . 
Ogdensburg . . 

Utica 

Lowville 

Syracuse 

Dryden 

Auburn 

Rochester 

Elmira 

Niagara  Falls 

BulTalo 

Buffalo 

Salamanca.  .. 


Place 
of  Birth. 


New  Jersey. 

Mass 

New  Jersey. 
New  Jersey. 

New  York. . 
New  York. . 
New  York.. 
New  York. . 
New  Y'ork. . 
New  Y'ork. . 
New  York. . 
New  York. . 
New  York... 
New  Jersey. 
New  York.. . 

Ireland 

New  York.. 
New  York. . 
New  York. . 
Xew  York.  . 
New  York.  . 

Penna 

New  York. . 


Washington. . 
ScotlandNeck 
New  Bern.. . . 
Smithfield.... 

Roxboro 

Dunn 

Biscoe 

Wilkesboro. .. 

Shelby 

Wayuesville  . 

Oakes 

Lakota 


Ireland 

Mass 

New  York. 
New  York. 
New  Y'ork. 
Xew  York. 
New  York. 
New  Y'ork. 
New  York. 
New  York. 
New  York. 
Wisconsin. 
New  York. 
New  Y'ork. 
Mass 


Maine 

New  Y'ork. 


N.  Carolina. 
N.  Carolina. 
N.  Carolina. 

Alabama 

N.  Carolina. 
N.  Carolina. 
N.  Carolina. 
N.  Carolina. 
N.  Carolina. 


1848 
1853 
1877 
1877 

1861 

1836' 

1852 

1872 

1851 

1869 

1872 

1870 

1856 

1863 

1846 

1854 

1869 

1869 

1856 

1872 

1870 

1845 

1841 

1844- 

1850 

1841 

1863 

1854 

1864 

1857 

1855 

1847 

1851 

1859 

1843 

1847 

1853 

1853 

i860 

1846 

1857 

1858 
1869 
1861 
1863 
1866 
1873 
1859 
1866 
1872 


College. 


Princeton. 


Andover .. 
St.  Peter's, 


Swarthmore.. 


Cornell  Univ. 

Amherst 

Cornell  Univ.. 


Manhattan. 
Manhattan. 


Columbia. 


Yale 

U  u .  o  i '  C  i  t  y  o  f  N.  Y ". 
Columbia  (Law). 
Yale 


Wesleyau  Univ. 


Williams, 


St. Louis  Univ. 

Hamilton 

Ruteers 

Williams 


^Missouri . 
lo^a 


Cincinnati . . 

Cincinnati 

Middletown.. 

Celiua 

Defiance 

Wilmington.. 
Springfield... . 

Findlay 

Toledo 

Portsmouth  .. 
Chillicothe ... 

Columbus 

Marion 

Norwalk 

Marietta 

•St.  Clairsville. 
Johnstown ... 
Youngstown.. 

Niles 

Cleveland 

Cleveland  . .  . . 

Pawnee 

e*fiB*^aaaiCy% 


Ohio. 

Ohio. 
Ohio. 


Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

New  Y'ork. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..  

Wales 

Ohio 

Ohio 


1854 
1858 

1869 
1853 
1877 


Univ.  ol  Roch'ter 
Rochester  Univ. 
Rochester  Univ 
Yale 


1867 


1897 
1897 


1895 


1891 
1890 


1883 


1890 
1896 

1877 


1862 


1884 


1878 
1869 
1877 


Preepiil 
Vocation, 


1864 
1867 
1875 
1874 


Bowdoin 1870 


Trinity  (N.  C). 
Wake  Forest.. 
Univ.  of  N.  C... 
Univ.  ol  N.  C. 
Wake  Forest.. 
Univ.  of  N.  C. 


Un.  of  N.Carolina 
Wake  Forest 


Harvard . 


Ann  Arbor, 


Illinois , 

lew?k ,,, 


1871 
1870 
1836 
1873 
1835 
1867 
1852 
1869 
1868 
1853 
1870 
1860 
1867 
1853 
1866 
1865 
18ol 

1862 


Uu.ofNot,  Dame 
Georget'n  Univ.. 

Antioch 

Ohio  Nor' n  Univ 

Antioch 

Univ.  of  INIich  . .. 
Harvard  (Law)  . 


Olno  Nor.  Univ  . 
Baldwin  Univ... 
Marietta 


Westminster. 
Mt.  Union — 

Harvard 

Obei-llQ 


tlnWi.  of  Kabstts, 


Lawyer 
Insurance 
Lawyer 
Lawyer 

Farmer 

Real  Estate. 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Builder 

Lawyer 

Real  Estate 

Lawjer 

Lawyer 

Merchant 

Lawyer 

Lawj'er 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Insurance 

Manufacturer 

Retired 

Contractor 

Manufacturer 

Journalist 

Real  Estate 

Lumber 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Retired 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Public  Official 

Insurance. 

Lawyer 

Banker 


1876  Lawyer 
1888  Lawyer 


1881 


1884 
1896 


1887 
1893 


1891 


189b 
1892 


1898 


1889 
1874 


1891 
1875 


1876 


1890 
187a 

1887 


Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Public  Official 

Lawyer 

Lawver 

PublicOfflcial 

Banker 
Merchant 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawver 

PublicOfSclal 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Editor 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Publisher 

Public  Official 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Lawyer 

Manufacturer 

Lawyer 

fyawyer 

Lawyer 


The  Sixtieth  Congress.— Continued. 


689 


8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 

1 

2 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 


Representatives. 


i 


Okt^ahoma— Co?ti/HHa/. 
James  8.  JJavenport 

C.  D.  C'iirter 

Scott  Ferris 

Okeoox. 

XillisC.  Ha\v;ev 

William  B.  Ellis** 

P  li  X  N  S  Y  I,  \'  A  X  I A . 

H.H.Jiiiighaiii^i: 

Joel  Cook 

J.  H,  Mnore* 

Reuben  O.  IMoon* 

W.  \V.  Foulkrod 

Geo.  D.  McCreary* 

Thos.S.  Hutler* 

Irving  P.  Wauger* 

II.  BurclCa,^ser* 

T.  D.Nicholls 

John  T.  Lenahan 

Charles  N.  ]}ruinm*4: 

John  H.  Rotherinel 

George  \V .  Kipn 

William  B.  Wilson 

John  G.  McHenry 

Benjamin  K.  Kocht 

Marlin  E.  Olmsted* 

John  M.  Reynolds* , 

Daniei  F.  Lafean* 

CiiariesF.  BarclayJ 

Geo.  F.  Huff* 

Allen  F.  Cooper* 

Ernest  F.  Acheson* 

Arthur  L.  Bates* , 

J.  Davis  Brodhead 

J.  G.BealeJ 

N.  P.  Wheeler 

Wm.H.Graham**t 

John  Dalzell* 

James  F.  Burke 

Andrew  J.  Barchfeld* 

Rhode  Island. 

B.  L.  D.  G  ranger* 

Adin  B.  Capron*t 

South  Carolina. 

George  s.  Legai'c* 

James  O.  Patterson* 

Wyatt  Aiken  *(o) 

Joseph  T.  Johnson* 

D.  E.  Finley* 

J.  Ed  ward  Ellerbe* , 

A.  F.  Lever* 

South  Dakota. 

Philo  I-Iall  (at  large) , 

William  H,  Parker  , 

Texxessee. 

W.  P.  Brownlow* 

Nathan  W.  Hale* 

John  A.  Moon* 

Cordeli  Hull  (r() 

William  C.  Houston* 

John  W.  Gaine.s* 

L.  P.  Padgett* 

Thetus  W.Sims* 

Finis  J.  Garrett* 

George  W.Gordout 

Texas. 

Morris  Sheppard* 

Sam  Bronson  Cooper**.... 

Gordon  Russell* 

Choice  B.  Randell* 

Jack  Beall* 

Rnfus  Hardv 

A.  W.  Gregg* 

John  M.  Moore* 

Geo.  F.  Burgess* 

Albert  S.  Burleson* 

Robert  L.  Henrj^* , 

Oscar  W.  Gillespie* 

John  H,  Stephens* 

James  l*^  SJa^dea* 


» •• ft  c  k 


I) 

D. 

D. 

11 
R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

P.. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

D. 

D. 

R. 

\). 

\). 

I). 

D 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

D. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

R. 

D. 
R 

D. 
1). 
D. 
I). 
D. 
D. 
D. 

R. 
R. 

R. 
li. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 

D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
I). 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D, 


Post-Office 
Address. 


Viiiita 

.■\rdniore  , 
Lavvton  .. 


Salem 

Pendleton.... 

Philadelphia . 
Philadelphia.. 
Philadelphia.. 
Philadelphia.. 
Philadelpl'.ia.. 
Phiiatielphia.. 
West  Chester. 

Norristown 

Marietta 

Scranton 

Wilkes- P>arre. 
Miner.sville... 

Reading 

Towanda 

Blossburg 

Benton 

Lewisburg 

iiarrisburg. . . 

Bedford 

York 

sinn'm'h'n'g 
Greeusburg. .. 
Uniontown.  .. 
Washiusrton . . 

Meadville 

S.  Bethlehem 

Leechbt'.rg 

Endeavor  

Allegheny 

Brad dock 

Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh 

Providence... . 
Stillwater 


Charleston.. . 
Barnwell. ... 

Abbeville 

Spartanburg. 

Vorkville 

Marion 

Lexington... 


Brookings . 
Dead  wood. 


Jonesboro  . . . 
Knoxville  . . . 
Chattanooga. 

Cartilage 

Woodbury. .. 
Nashville  ..  . 

('olnmbia 

Linden 

Dresden, 

Memphis 


Place 
of  Birth. 


Alabama.. 
Ind.  Terr., 
Missouri.  . 


Oregon.. 
Indiana 


Penna 

Penna 

New  Jersey.. 
New  Jersey.. 
Philadelphia 

Penna 

Penna 

Penna 

Penna 

Penna 

Penna 

I'enna 

Penna 

Penna 

Scotland 

Penna 

I'eniia 

Penna 

Penna 

I'enna 

New  York. . . 

Peima 

Penna 

Penna 

Penna 

Penna 

Penna 

New  York. . . 

Penna  

New  York. . . 

Penna 

Penna 


Rhodelsland 
Mass 


S.  Carolina.. 
S.  Carolina.. 
S.  Carolina.. 
S.  Carolina... 

Arkansas 

S.  Carolina . . 
S.  Qiroliua . . 

Minnesota... 


Texarkana . . . 
Beaumont.... 

Tyler 

Sherman 

Waxahachie.. 

Corsicana 

Palestine 

Richmond 

Gonzales. 

Austin 

Waco 

Fort  Worth... 

Vernon 

San  Antonio., 


Virginia — 
Viru;inia  ... 
Virginia  ... 
Tennessee. 
Tenne.ssee. 
Tennessee  , 
Tennessee . 
Teune-sfiee  . 
Tennessee . 
Tennessee . 


1864 

1868 

1877 

1864 
1850 

1841 
1849 
1864 
1847 


College. 


Mo.  State  Univ. 

Willamette  Univ. 
Iowa  State  Uuiv 


1846 
1855 
1852 
1855 
1870 
18.52 
1838 
18.i6 
1847 
1862 
1870 
1863 


Wash.  &  JefT. .. 
Univ.  of  Penna. 


Univ.  of  Penna... 


Villanova 

Pennsylvania . 


Susqueiianna  Un. 


Univ.Mich.  (Lav>'j 
:Wash.  tfeJeffson 
Allegheny 


1861 

1844  iMich.  Univ.  (Law) 

18421 

1862 
1855 
1859 
1859 
1839 
1841 
1844 
1841 

186: 

1863 


1852 
1841 

1871 
1857 
1863 
1858 
1861 
186' 


Yale 

Univ.  of  Mich.. 
Jeflersou,  Medical 


Brown.  Univ. 


Georget'  nU(Law) 


Erskine 

South  Carolina. 
Wolford 


1875  Newberry 


1865 


Texas , 

Kentuckj\.. 

Alabama 

Georgia 

Te.vas 

Mississippi  .. 

Texas 

Texas 

Texas 

Texas 

Texas 

INlississippi  . . 

Texas 

Kentucky , ... 


1852 
1860 
1855 
1871 
1852 
1861 
1855 
1852 
1875 
1836 

18/0 
1850 

i857 
1^66 

1855 


King 

Cumberland  Univ 


Vanderbilt  Uuiv. 

Erskine 

Savannah 

Bethel 

Uu.  of  Nashville.. 


a 
I.  2 

c 


1901 


Present 
Vocation. 


Lawyer 

I'arniing 

Lawyer 


1884  PublicOfficial 
18741  Lawyer 


1862 
1869 


1870 


1888; 
1875 

1830! 


1865 
1892 
1884 


PublicOfTicial 

PublicOflicial 

Publisher 

Lawver 

PublicOfficial 

Banker 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lumber 

PublicOfficial 

Lawyer 

Lawjer 

Capitalist 

PublicOfficial 

Manufacturer 

.lournalist 

I>.awjer 

Lawyer 

]\Ianufacturer 

Lumber 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Lawyer 

Editor 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Banker 

Lumberman 

Banker 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Physician 


18/4' Lawyer 
....I  Milling 


1893:  Lawyer 
..  Lawyer 
. .  I  Fanner 

1879  Lawyer 

1886  Lawyer 

1887  Farmer 
1895  Farmer 


Lawver 
Pubfic  Official 


1891 


1882 
1876 


Yale  (Law). 


Univ.  of  Georgia.. 


1861 

1863  i 

1864; 

1858 

1847, 

1863' 


Univ.  of'i'e.vas. 

Univ.  of  Ga 

Univ.  of  Virginia 
Agri.&Mech.Col. 


1897 
1859 


PublicOflicial 

Nursery 

liawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

I^awyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 


Univ.  of  Texas... 
So'  western  Univ. 

Mansfield 

Cimil)erlandUniv 
W'^'ih.-  &  I-ee  Un. 


1890 
1875 


1898  Lawyer 
—  I  Lawyer 
1879  Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Real  Estate 

I>aw  ve  r 

.Stockraiser 

Lawver 

PublicOfficial 
1885  Lawyer 
1883  [Lawyer 
1872  Mining 

Mininff 


690 


The    Sixtieth    CoiigreSS— Continued. 


Represeotatives. 


Trx  AS— Continued. 

15  Tohii  N.  Garner* 

ieJwliliamR.  Smith* 

"Utah. 

Jos.  Howell*  (at  large) 

Vermont. 

D.  J.  Foster* 

2jKittreclge  Haskius't 

Virginia. 
l|WiUiam  A.  Jones*t........ 

2i  Harry  L.  Mayuaitl* 

Sjlohn  Lainb*t 

4|  Francis  R.  Lassiter** 

SJEdward  W.  Saunders 

'6  Carter  Glass* 

7  James  Hay* 

8  Charles  C.  Carlin 

9  Campbell  Slemp 

10  Henry  D.  Flood* 

\    Washington. 

F.  W.  Cnshman*  (at  large) 

W.  L.  .Tones* 

Wm.  E .  Hu mph rev*  ' ' 
West  Virginia. 

William  P.  HubbardJ 

C4eorge  C.  Sttirgissi 

o  Joseph  H.  Gaines* 

A  H.  C.  Woodyard* 

fej  James  A.  Hughes* 

]    Wisconsin. 
I'Henry  A.  C  )oper* 

2  John  M.  Nelson 

3  James  W.  Murphy 

4  William  J.  Cary 

5  William  H.Stafford* 

6  Chas.  H.  Weisse* 

7  .Tohn  J.  Esch* 

8  James  H.  Davidson  * 

9  Qustav  Kustermann 

10  E.  A.  Morse 

11  John  J.  Jenkins*t 

Wyoming. 

F.  W.  Mondell*  (at  large). 


D. 
D. 

R. 

R. 
R. 

'd. 

I). 
I). 
D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 
1). 
R. 
D. 

R. 
li. 
R. 

R. 

n. 

R. 
R. 
R. 

R. 
R. 
D. 
R. 
R. 
D. 
R. 
R. 
R. 
K. 
R. 

R 


Post-Office 
Address. 


Uvalde..  . 
c:'olorado. 


Logan. 


Burlington  ... 
Brattleboro. . . 

Warsaw 

Portsmouth  . . 

Richmond 

Petersburg. .. 
Rocky  Mount 
Lynchburg... 

Madison 

Alexandria... 
Big  Stone  Gap 
Appomattox. 


Tacoma 

N.  Yakima. . 
Seattle 

Wheeling 

Morgantown. 
Cliarleston. . . 
Spencer. 


Huniiugtou 


Racine 

IMadison 

Platteville.... 

Milwaukee 

Milwaulcee.  .. 
SliehoyganFl. 

Tia  Crosse 

Oshkosh  

Green  Bay.... 

Antigo 

Chip'  wa  Falls 

■\. 
Newcastle I  Missouri 


Place 
of  Birth. 


Texas. 
Texas. 

Utah  . 


Vermont . 
Vermont 


Virginia , 
Virginia , 
Virginia . 
Virginia , 
Virginia  . 
Virginia  , 
Virginia. 
Virginia  , 


Virginia . 


rowa 

niiuois  . 
Indiana. 


Virginia 

Ohio 

D.  Columbia. 
W.  Virginia  . 
Ontario 


1868 
1863 

1857 

1857 
1836 

1849 
1861 
1840 
1866 
1860 
1858 
18.56 
1866 


Wisconsin . . 
Wisconsin . . 
Wisconsin.. 
Milwaukee . 
Wisconsin. . 
Wisconsin . . 
Wisconsin. . 
New  York . . 
Germany . . , 


England. 


1865 

1867 
1863 
1862 

1843 
1842 
1864 
1867 
1861 

1850 
1870 
1858! 
1865 


College. 


Univ.  of  Utah 


Dartmouth. 


Univ.  of  Virginia 
Va.  Poly.  Inst. . . . 


Univ.  of  Virginia 
Univ.  of  Virginia 


Wash.  &  Lee  Un. 
National  Law  Un. 


Univ.  of  Virginia 


Southern  Illinois. 
Wabash 

WesleyanUniv. ., 


Princeton 


1866 
1861 
1858 
1850 


1843 


Northwest' n  Un. 
Tin.  of  Wisconsin 
Un.of  Mich  (Law) 
St.  John's  Univ.. 
Harvard 


Un.  of  Wisconsin. 
Union  Univ 


I860 Mininc 


*-.2 


1877 
1880 


1870 
1880 


1886 
1882 


1877 
1891 


1886 


1885 

1887 

1863 
i886 


1873 
1892 
1880 
1881 


1887 
1884 


Present 
Vocation . 


Lawyer 
Lawyer 

Merchant 

Lawyer 
Lawyer 

Lawj'er 

Real  Estate 

Surveyor 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Publisher 

Lawyer 

Lawver 

Public  Official 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 
Lawyer 
Lawyer 

Lawyer 
I>awyer 
Lawyer 
Public  Official 
Lumber 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

Lawyer 

PublicOfficial 

Lawyer 

Tanner 

Lawyer 

PublicOfficial 

PublicOfficial 

Public  Official 

Lawyer 


DELEGATES  FROM  TERRITORIES. 


Alaska. 
Thomas  Cale 

Arizona. 
Marcus  A.  Smith* 

Hawaii. 
Jonah  K.  Kalanianaole*. 

New  Mexico. 
William  H.  Andrews*... 

Philippines. 

Benito  Legarda 

Pablo  Ocampo 

Porto  Rico. 
Tulio  Larriiiaga* 


U, 


Fairbanks 

Tucson 

Honolulu 

Albuquerque. 


San  Juan. 


:^entucky... 

Hawaii 

Penna 


Porto  Rico. 


1852 
1871 
1842 


1847 


Transylvania  U. 


Poly.  Inst  .(Troy) 


1870 


PublicOfficial 
Lawyer 
Capitalist 
R.R.  Official 


PublicOfficial 


D., Democrats,  166.   R., Republicans,  220.    Unionist,!.  Political  affiliations  not  stated, 3.  Total,  390. 

•  Served  in  the  Fifty-ninth  House.  *  *  Served  in  a  previous  House,  t  Served  in  the  Confederate 
Army  during  the  Civil  War.  t  Served  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  Civil  War.  (a)  Served  in  the 
Spanish- American  War.  Salaries  of  Representatives  are  $7,500  per  aanum,  and  mileage  of  20  cents 
per  mile  each  way.    Salary  of  the  Speaker  is  $12,000. 

Vocations. —Lawyers,  238;  public  officials,  44;  bankers,  20;  editors,!!;  mining,4;  retired,  3; 
physicians,  4;  farmers,  12;  manufacturers,  9;  merchant,!;  railroad,  !;  contractor,!;  naval  con- 
structor,!; stone,!;  railroad  constructor,  l;  trustee,  1 ;  real  estate,  6;  nursery,  !;lumber,6;  insurance, 
4;  fruitgrower,  1;  builder,!;  publisher.s,2;  capitalists,  2;  milling,!;  stock- raiser,  1;  tanner,  1.  sur" 
Veyor,! ;  not  stated,  7. 

The  oldest  Representative  is  Mr.  Sperry,  of  Connecticut,  born  in  1827;  the  youngest  is  Mr.  William 
■S.  Hammond,  of  Minnesota,  born  in  1884. 

Other  Officers  6f  the  Hou.sis  ok  RepresIsntatives.— Rev.  H.  N.  Couden,  Chaplain ;  Heury 
'Casson,  Sergeaal>at^Arms;F.  B.  Lyon.Doorkeieper:  jTosepb  U  McElroy,  Postmaster. 


JSfeio   York  State  Goi3ernment. 


691 


KcUj  ¥oi*fe  State  iSTobcntmcnt, 

(Januarv  1.  1908.) 

Oovei-^iior Chas.  E.  Hughes,  New  York. .Term  ex.  Dec.  31,1908.  .Salary,  $10,000 aud  mansion* 

Z/>'«/e/io7t/-G'oi'enior..Le\visS.  Chanler,  Barrytown.      '•       "          "      1908..      "  5,000. 

Secretary  to  the  Governor. .  Robert  H.  Fuller,  New  York "  4.000. 


Secretary  of  State John  Sibley  Whalen,   Rochester.. Term  e.x. 

Comptroller Martin  H.  Glynn,  Albauj' " 

State  Tremtnrer Jnlius  Hauser,  Savville "  " 

Attorney- Getieral William  8.  Jackson,  Buffalo "  " 

State  Enpineer  and  Surveyor Fred.  Skene,  Long  Island  City. ..  "  " 

Commissioner  of  Education Andrew  K  Draper,  Albany "  " 

Sifperintendent  of  Insurance Otto  Kelsey,  Gene.seo '. "  " 

Sui^rintendent  Bankinff  Bept. .  .Cla,i±  WiUiams,  New  York "  " 

Snperinte7ide}it State  P)-iso)is Cornelius  V.  Collins,  Trov *'  " 

Stqyerintendenl  Public  Wcn-ks Frederick  c3.  Stevens,  Attica "  " 


Dec. 

.•?! 

1908. 

.Salary,  $5,(KK) 

k  1 

1908. 

6,0«)0 

i  4 

1908. 

5,000 

b  i 

1908. 

5,000 

(  4 

1908. 

5,000 

April, 

1910. 

7, .500 

Feb. 

11 

1909. 

7 ,000 

Jan. 

21 

,1908. 

7,000 

April 

17 

1908. 

6.000 

Dec. 

31 

, 1908. 

6.000 

Deputy  Secretary  of  S'to^e— James  L.  Whalen. 
Deputy  Supt.  of  Insurance  (1st)- 


DeputySupt.  of  Insurccnce (2d)— Henry  D. Appleton, 


First  Assistant  Commissioner  0/  Education— Hc^'&rd 
J.  Rogers. 


Tax  C0mmission€7-—Beni.  E.  ITall,      Dec.  31,  1909. 
"  Frank  K.  Perlev,Dec.  31,  1907. 

•*  "  E.  E.   WoodlMiry,  Dec.  31.  1908. 

Salaries,  $5,000  each. 

CANAL   BOARD. 

Tiieutenant-Governor  Lewis  Stuy vesant  Chanler. 
Secretary  of  State  John  Sibley  Whalen. 
Compti'oller  Martin  H.  Glynu. 
State  Treasurer  Julius  Hauser. 
Attorney-General  William  Schiiyler  Jackson. 


State  Engineer  and  Surveyor  Frederick  Skene. 
Superintendent  Public  Works  Fred' k  C.  Stevens. 

PUBLIC    SERVICE  COMMISSIOXERS. 

J^/>.si;7)isAr(:c;-WilliamR.  Willcox,Feb.  1.  1913; 
William  McCarroU,  Feb.  1,  1912 -,  Edward  M. 
Bassett,  Feb.  1,1911;  Milo  Rov  Maltbie,  Feb,  1, 
1910;  John  E.  Eustis,  Feb.  1,  1909. 

Second  District— Frank  W.  Stevens.  Feb.  1,1913; 
Thomas  JNIott  Osborne,  Jan.  21.  1908;  Charles 
Hollam  Keep,  Feb.  1,  1912;  James  K.  Sague,  Feb, 
1, 1909;  Martin  S.  Decker,  Feb.  1, 1910. 


STATE  ARCHITECT. 

Franklin  B.  Ware,  New  York.    Salary,  $7,500. 

CO.MMISSIONERS  OF  CAXAL  FUND. 

T/ieutenant-Governor,  Secretary  of  State, Comp- 
troller, State  Treasurer,  Attorney-General. 

CIVIL  SERVICE  CO.MMISSIONERS. 

Roscoe  C.  E.  P>rown,  Brooklyn. 
Charles  F.  Milliken,  Canandaigua. 
John  E.  Kraft,  Kingston. 
Charles  S.  Fowler,  Albany,  Cliief  Exaininer. 
Salaries  of  Commissioners,  $3,000  each. 

STATE  BOARD  OP  ARBITRATION  AND  MEDIATION. 

John  Williams.      Jan.  21.  1908.     Salary,  $5,000. 
William  \V.  Walling.     Salary,  $2,700. 
John  Lundrigan.    Salary,  $2,700. 

INDUSTRIAL   MEDIATOR. 

Michael  J.  Reagan. 

FOREST      FISH,   AND  GAME   COMMISSIONER. 

James  Spencer  Whipple,  Salamanca.      Salary, 
$5,000 

STATE  HISTORIAN. 

Victor  H.  Paltsits.    Term  expires  April  25,  1911. 

Salary,  $4,500. 

FISCAL  SUPERVISOR  OF  STATE  CHARITIES. 

Charles  M.  Bissell.    Term   expires  June  9,  1912. 
Salary  $6,000. 

ST.ATE  COMMISSIONER  OF  EXCISE.      . 

Maviiard    N.   Clement,  Canandaigua.    Term  ex- 
pires April  1, 1911.    Salary,  $7,000. 

THE  GOVERNOR'S  STAFF. 

Ad'iutiint-deneral-Bnii.-irQu.  Nelson  H.  Henry. 
jMititary  Seo-etary  Co\.  (Jeor^e  Curtis  Tread  well. 
Aiiies-ile-Ciimp— Col.  Selden  E.  INfai-vin,  Major 
(:.  Barrett  Rich,  Jr.,  Major  Frederick  M.  Crossett, 
Major  Frederic  P.  Moore,  Coinniauder  Robert  P. 
Forsliew,  Lieut. -Col.  Charles  E.  Davis,  Major 
Charles  J.  Wolf,  ^fajor  Altiert  H.  Dyett,  Capt. 
Herbert  Barry,  Capt.  Charles  A.  Simmons,  Capt. 
Charles  Heal'y,  Capt.  Elliot  Bigelow,  Jr.,  Capt. 
William  R.  Fearn, Capt.  John  H.  rngraham,Capt. 
Edwin  H.  Tracy,  Capt.  Howard  K.  Brown. 

COURT  OF  CLAIMS. 

Theodore  H.  Swift. Potsdam.) 

Chas.  H.  Murray,  New  York.  '-Salaries,$8,000each 

A.  J.  Rodenbeck,  Rochester.   ) 


COMMISSIONER    OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Charles  A.  Wieting,  CobleskiU.  Term  expires 
April  29,  1908. 

Ql^ARANTINE  COM.MISSIONERS. 

Smith  Pine,  New  York .  ; 

Henry  A.  Guyon,  Richmond  Co.       >$2,5(M)each. 

Frederick  H.   Schroeder,  Brooklyn.  ) 

ST.ATE  COMMISSIONER   OF    HEALTH. 

Eugene  H.  Porter,  M.  D. ,  New  York.  Salary, 
$3,500. 

COMMISSIONER  OP  LABOR. 

John  Williams,  Jan.  21,19o8.     Salarv,  $5,000. 
First  Deputy,  W.  W.  Walling.     Salary,  $2,700. 
Second  Deputy.,  John  Lundrigan.     Salary,  $2,700. 

STATE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  PUBLIC   BKILDINuS. 

Daniel  W.  Cahill,  Watertown.    Salary, $5,000. 

STATE   SEALER   OF    WICIUHTS  AND    MEASURES. 

Fritz  Reicbmann,  Troy. 

STATE   FISH   CULTURIST. 

TarletonH.  Bean.    Salary,  $3,000. 

STATE  COMMrSSION   IN  LI'NACV. 

Albert  W.  Ferris,  M.  D.,  S7..500;  William  L. 
Parkhurst,  $5,000;  Shelden  T.  Viele,  $5,000. 

WATER  SUPPLY    COMMISSION. 

HenrvH.  Persons.  East  Aurora;  Charles  Davis, 
Kingston;  John  A..  Sleicher,  New  York;  Ernest 
J.  Lederle,  New  York;  Milo  M.  Acker,  Hornell; 
Wallace  C.  Johnson,  Niagara  Falls. 

ADVISORY  BOARD    OF     CONSITT.TING     ENGINEERS 
FOR  THE    NEW  CANAL. 

Edward  A.  Bond,  Watertown;  Thomas  W.  Sy- 
mons,  ButTalo;  William  A.  Brackenridge, 
Nia^'ara  Falls;  INfortimerG.  Barnes, New  York; 
Alfred  B.  Fry,  New  York. 

STATE   RACING    COMMISSION. 

James  W.  Wadsworth.  (^eneseo;  John  Sanford, 
Amsterdam;  Hany  K.  Kuapp,  New  York. 

REGENTS  OF   THE    UNIVERSITY. 

tyhancel lor,  Wh\te\a\v  Reid  ;  Vice-C7unirellnr,9,t. 
Clair  McKelwav;  Daniel  Beach.  Pliny  T.  Sexton, 
T.  (Guilford  Smith,  Albert  Vander  Veer,  William 
Nottingham,  Charles  A.  Gardiner,  Luciaii  L.  Shed- 
den,  Edward  Lauterbach,  P^ugene  A.  Philbiu. 


CChanges,  if  any,  in  the  above  lists  will  be  announced  in  a  later  edition. ) 


692 


Legislature  of  the  State  of  N'ew   Yo7'k. 


acflislaturc  of  t\)t  ^tate  of  Ncto  ¥ovi^. 

SESSION  OF  1908. 

Senate. 
President,  Lieutenaut-Governor  Lewis Stuyvesaut  Cliauler,  Dem. ,  of  Barrj'town, 


Dist.  Names  of  Senutors.     Politics. 

1  Carl  S.  Burr,  Jr* Kep.. 

2  Dennis  J.  Harte Dem. 

3  Thomas  H.  Cullen*  ...    Dem. 
40ttoG.  Foelker Rep.. 

5  James  A.  Thompson Dem. 

6  Eugene  M.  Travis Rep. . 

7  Patrick  H.  McCarren*  ..Dem. 

8  Charles  H.  Fuller Dem. 

9  Conrad  Hasenflug* Dem. 

10  AlfredJ.  Gilchrist Rep. . 

11  Doniinick  F.  MuUanej'.  .Dem. 

12  William  Sohmer Dem . 

laClirisiopher  D.  Sullivan. Dem. 

14  Tliomas  F,  Grady* Dem. , 

15  Thomas  .T.  Mc:Manus  —  Dem. 

16  John  T.  McCall Dem. 

17  George  B.  .Agnew Rep  . 

18  Martin  Saxe* Rep  . 

19  Allred  R.  Page* Rep  . 

20  James  J .  Fi-awley* Dem . . 

21  James  Owens Dem.. 

22  John  T.  Coh dan Dem.. 

23  Francis  M.  Carpenter* .  .Rep  . , 

24  J.  C.R.Taylor Dem.. 

2.5  Sanford  W.  Smith* Rep  . . 

26  John  N.  Cordis* Rep  . . 

27  Jotham  P.  Allds* Rep  ., 

28  William  J.  Grattau Rep  .. 

*  Members  of  the  last  Senate. 
plre  December  31,  1908.     Salary, 


P.  O.  Address. 
.Commack. 
.L.I.  City. 
.Brookljn. 
.Brookl^-n. 
.Brooklyn. 
.Brooklyn. 
.Brooklyn. 
.Brooklyn. 
.Brooklyn. 
.Brooklyn. 
.New  \  ork  City. 
.New  York  City. 
.New  York  City. 
.New  York  City. 
.New  York  City. 
.New  York  City. 
.New  York  City. 
.New  York  City. 
.New  York  City. 
.New  York  Citj-. 
.New  York  City. 
.New  York  City. 
.Mt.  Kisco. 
.jNIiddletown. 
.Chatham, 
,King.ston. 
.Norwich. 
Cohoes. 


Dist.    Names  of  Senators.     Politics. 

29  Frank  M.  Boyce Dem. 

30  H.Wallace  Knapp Rep  . 

31  William  \V.  Wemple .  ..Rep  . 

32  James  A.  ^merson Rep  . 

33  Seili  (4   Heacock Rep  . 

34  William  T.  O'Neil Rep  . 

35  George  H.  Cobb* Rep  . 

36  Joseph  Ackroyd Dem. 

37  Francis  H.  Gates* Ind   . 

38  Horace  White* Rep  . 

39  Harvey  D.  Hi  n  man* Rep  . 

40  Owen  Cassidy*  Rep  . 

41  Benjamin  M.  Wilcox*  ..Rep  . 

42  John  Raines* Rep  . 

43  William  J.  Tally* Rep  . 

44  S.  Percy  Hooker Rep  . 

45  ThomasB.  Dunn Rep  . 

46  Wiliiam  W.  Armstrong*Rep  . 

47  Stanislaus  P.  Frauchot..  Rep  . 

48  Henry  W.  Hill* Rep  . 

49  SainuVl  J.  Ramsperger..Dem. 

50  (Jeorge  A.  Davis* Rep  . 

51  Albert  T.  Fancher* Rep  . 


.     P.  O.  Addi-ess. 

.East  Schodack. 

.Plattsburgh. 

.Schenectady. 

.Warreusburgh. 

.Ilion. 

.St.  Regis  Falls. 

.Watertowu. 

.Utica. 

.Chittenango. 

.Syracuse. 

.Binghamtou. 

.Watkins. 

.Auburn. 

.Canandaigua. 

.Corning. 

.LeRoy. 

.Rochester. 

.Rochester. 

.Niagara  Falls. 

.Buffalo. 

.Buffalo. 

.Lancaster. 

.Salamanca. 


Republicans 32 

Democrats 19 

Total 51 


Senators  are  elected  for  two  years. 
$1,500  and  mileage.  ^ 

Assembly. 


The  terms  of  the  above  ex- 


ALBANY. 

DiJ.   Names  of  Members.  Politics, 

1  Ellis  J.  Staley Rep... 

2  William  E.  Nolan Rep.. 

3  Roberts.  Waters Rep.. 

ALLEGANY. 

Jesses.  Phillips* Rep.. 

BROOME. 

Harry  C.  Perkins Rep. . 

CATTARAUGUS. 

Jolin  J.  Volk* Rep.. 

CAYUGA. 

Frederick  A.  Dudley* .  .Rep. 

CHAUTAUQUA. 


1  Augustus  F.  Allen Rep. 

2  Charles  M.  Hamilton*. .  .Rep.. 

CHEMUNG. 

David  C.  Robinson Dem., 

CHENANGO. 

Julien  C.  Scott Ilep.. 

CLINTON. 

Alonsou  T.  Dominy Rep. . 

COLUMEI.\. 

Lester  J.  Bashford Dem. 

CORTLAND. 

Charles  F.  Brown Rep. . 

DELAW.-\RE. 

Henry  J.  Williams Rep.. 

DUTCHESS. 

1  Myrou  Smith* Rep.. 

2  Frederick  Northrup*....Dem. 

ERIE. 

1  Orson  J.  Weimert* Rep.. 

2  .lohn  Lord  O' Brian* Rep.. 

3  George  J.  Arnold ..Rep.. 

4  William  Jordan Dem. 


P.  O.  Address. 
.Albany. 
.Albany. 
.Green  Island. 

.Andover. 

.Bingljamton. 

.Dayton. 

.King's  Ferry. 

.Jamestown. 
.Ripley. 

.Elmira. 

Bainbridge. 

Beekmantown. 

.Hollowville. 

.Cortland. 

.'Downsville. 


ERIE— Cfcrn^mwed. 

Dist.  Names  of  Members.  Politics.     P.O.  Address. 

5  Edward  P.  Costello Dem. .  Buffalo. 

6  Frank  S.  Burszyn.ski*... Dem.. Buffalo. 

7  George W.  Walters* Dem..i;owmansville. 

8  Clarence  :NrcGregor Rep. ..Buffalo. 

9  Frank  B. Thome Rep....Buffalo. 


ESSEX. 

Rep... Lake  Placid. 


.Millbrook. 
.Poughkeepsie. 

.Buffalo. 
.Buffalo. 
.  Butlalo. 
.Buffalo, 


James  Shea 

FRANKLIN. 

Harry  H.  Hawley Rep...Malone. 

FULTON  AND  HAMILTON. 

William  E.  Mills* Rep. .  .Gloversville. 

GENESEE. 

Fred  B.  Parker* Rep. .  .Elba. 

GREENE. 

William  C.  Brady* Rep. .  .Athens. 

HERKIMER. 

Thomas  D.  Ferguson*. . .Rep. . .Little  Falls. 

JEFFERSON. 

A.  D.  Lowe* ..Rep...Depauville. 


CJary  H.  Wood* Rep. .  .Antwerp, 

KINGS. 

1  Edmund  R.  Terry Dem 

2  James  .Jacobs* , Dem 

3  Aitiiur  L.  Hurlev Rep., 

4  Andrew  C.  Trov Dem 

5  (  liarles  J.  Weber* Rep 

6  Thomas  J.  Surpless*.. 

7  Thomas  J.  Geoghegan 


.Brooklyn. 

.Brooklyn. 

.Brooklyn. 

.Brooklyn. 

.Brooklyn. 
Rep. .  .Brooklyn. 
Dem.  .Brooklyn. 


8  .lolni  McBride Rep. —Brooklyn. 

9  (ieorge  A.  Voss* Hep..  .Brooklyn. 

10  Ciiarles  F.   Murphy*..  ..Rep. .  .Brooklyn. 

11  William  W.  C  .Ine* Rep..  .Brooklyn. 

12  (ieorge  A.  Green' Rep..  .Brooklyn. 

13  John  11.  Donnelly* Dem.  .Brook  Ij'u. 

14  James  F-   Kay* Dem.  .Brooklyn. 

15  JohuJ.Shutta Dem.  .Brooklyn. 


Legislature  of  the  State  of  N'evj   York. 


G93 


ASSEMBLY— a)?i<mucd. 


Vii^Q,^— Continued. 

Bist.  N(X7)ies  of  Members.    Politics.     P.  O.  Address. 

16  IVIichael  J.'Grady Dem. .Brooklyn. 

17  John  R,  Farier Rep... Brooklyn. 

18  Warren  I.  Lee* Rep.. .  Brooklyn. 

1!4  .lohn   Holbrook — Rep.. .Brooklyn. 

20  Harrison  C.  Glore* Rep,.  .Brooklyn. 

21  Sumuel  A..  Gluck* Dem.. Brooklyn. 

22  Emil  Rose Dem.. Brooklyn. 

23  Isaac  Sargeut Rep....Brooklyn. 

LEWIS. 

C.  Fred.  Boshart* Rep. 

LIVINGSTON. 

Jas.  W.  Wadsvvorth,  Jr*.Rep. 

MADISON. 

Orlando  W.  Burhyte*.  ..Rep. 

MONKOE. 

1  George  F.  Harris* Rep. 

2  James  L.  Whitley* Rep. 

•3  George  L.Meade Rep. 

4  Bernard  J.  Haggerty  —  Rep. ..Rochester. 

5  Henry  Morgan* Rep. .  .Brockport. 

MONTGOMERY. 

T.  Romeyu  Staley* Rep, 

N..^SS.\U. 

William  G.  Miller* Rep., 

NEW  yOKK. 

1  Thomas  B.  Caughlan..  ..Dem. 

2  Alfred  E.  Smith* Dem.  .New  York  City. 

3  James  Oliver* Dem.. New  York  City. 

4  Aaron  Lew Dem. ..New  York  City. 

5  Jolin  T.  Eagleton* Dem.  .New  York  City. 

6  Adolph  Stern* Dem.  .New  York  City. 

7  Joseph  VV.   Keller* Dem  .New 

8  MoriizGraubaid Dem.  .New 

9  lohnC.  Hackett* Dem.. New 

10  Anthony  M,  McCabe Rep. .  .New 

11  Frank  '&.  Johnston I.  L.,..New 

12  James  A.  Foley* Dem.. New 

13  James  J.  Hoey* Dem 

14  John  J.  Herrick -Dem, 


.Lowville. 

.Mt.  Morris. 

.Brookfield. 

..Webster, 

..Rochester. 

...Rochester. 


.Amsterdam. 
.Freeport. 
.New  Y'ork  City. 


York  City. 
York  citv. 
York  City. 
York  Citv. 
York  City. 
York  Cit.y. 
.New  York  City. 
..New  York  City. 

15  William  M.  Bennett Rep.  .New  York  City. 

16  Martin  G.  McCue* Dem.. New  York  City. 

17  Frederick  R.Toombs Rep... New  York  City 

18  Mark  Goldberg*  , Dem .  .New  York  City. 

19  William  R.Donihee Dem.. New  York  city. 

20  Patrick  J, McGrath Dem.  .New  York  City. 

21  Robert  S,  Conklin* Rep... New  York  City 

22  Robert  F,  Wagner* Dem 

23  James  A.  Francis* Rep. 

24  Walter  Sprigghis Dem 


25  Artemas  Ward,  Jr Rep. 


.New  York  City. 
.New  "S'ork  City, 
.New  York  City. 
.New  York  City. 

26  Solomon  St ranss Rep.  .New  YurkCity. 

27  Beverley  R.  Robin.son*..Rep....New  York  City. 

28  Edward  W.  Buckley*.... Dem.. New  York  City. 

29  Walter  H.  Liebmanu....Dem..New  York  City. 

30  Louis  A.  Cuvillier* Dem..  .New  York  CMty. 

31  Abraham  Greenberg  ...Dem. .New  York  City. 

32  Jesse  Silberman Dem. ..New  York  City, 

33  PiiilipJ.  Schmidt* Dem.. New  York  City. 

George  M.  S.  Scliulz* . . .  .Dem .  .New  York  City. 
John  V.  Sheridan* Dem .  .New  York  City . 

NIAGARA. 

Charles  F.Foley* Dem..Lockport. 

W.  Levell  Draper* Rep.  ..Wilson. 

ONEIDA. 

Merwin  K.  Hart* Rep. .  .TJtica. 

Ladd  J.  Lewis* Rep. .  .Sauquolt. 

A.  Grant  Blue* Rep...Barneveld. 

ONONDAGA. 

1  John  C.  McLaughlin Rep. ...Jordan. 

2  Fred.  W.  Hammond  *. .  .Rep. .  .Syracuse. 

3  J.Henry  Walters Rep... Syracuse. 

ONTARIO. 

George  B.  Hemenway  . .Rep. ..Naples. 


34 
35 

1 

2 

1 

2 
3 


ORANGE. 

Dist.   Names  of  Members.   Politics.     P.O.  Address. 

1  Henry  Seacord Rep.. .  Wash'gt'  nville. 

2  Charles  E.  Mauce* Rep. .  .JMiddletown. 

ORLEANS. 

Myron  E.  Egglestou*. .  ..Rep. .  .Albion. 

O.SWEGO. 

Frederick  G.  Whitney*. .Rep..  .Pulaski. 

OTSEGO. 

Charles  Smith* Rep. .  .Oneonta. 

PUTNAM. 

John  R.  Yale* Rep. ..Brewster. 


Thomas  H, 


QUEENS. 

Todd* Dem..L. 


T.  City. 


.College  Point. 
.Wood  haven. 
.Richmo'dHill. 


William  Klnin Dem 

Conrad  Garbe* Dem 

William  A.  DeG root*.. ..Rep. 

RENSSELAER. 

Frederick  C.  Tilley* Rep. .  .Troy. 

Bradford  R.  Lansing* Rep. ,.  Rensselaer. 


RICHMOND. 

William  Allaire  Shortt.  .Dem. 


.Tompklnsville. 


ROCKLAND. 

Frank  DeNagelle Dem,..Haverstraw. 

ST.    LAWRENCE. 

Fred.  J.Gray* Rep. .  .Ogdensburg. 

Edwin  A.  Merritt,  Jr. 


Rep..  .Potsdam. 

SARATOGA. 

QeorgeH.  Whitney* Rep.. 

SCHENECTADY. 

Miles R.  Frisbie Rep.. 

SCHOHARIE. 

George  M.  Palmer Dem. 

SCHUYLER. 

Charles  A.  Cole* Rep.. 

SENECA. 

William  B.  Harper* Dem. 

STEUBEN. 

1  Wm.  H.  Chamberlain*. .  .Rep. 

2  Charles  K.  Marlatt* Rep. 

SUFFOLK;. 

1  John  M.  Lupton* Rep...Mattituck. 

2  Orlando  Hubbs* Rep. ..Patchogue, 

SULLIVAN. 

George  W.  Murphy Rep„. .Liberty. 

TIOGA. 

Frank  L.  Howard Rep...Waverly. 

TOMPKINS. 

Wm.  R.  Gunderman* Rep.  ..Ithaca. 

ULSTER. 

1  Joseph  M. Fowler* Rep. . -Kingston. 

2  William  E.  Little Dem.  .Bloomiugton. 


.Mechauicsville. 


.Schenectady. 

.Cobleskill, 

.Walklns. 
Seneca  Falls. 


..Kanona. 
.Corning. 


William  R. 


WARREN. 

Waddell*    ..Rep. 


.North  Creek. 


WASHINGTON. 

James  S.  Parker Rep, ..Salem. 

WAYNE. 

Edson  W.  Hamn* Rep. ...Lyons. 

WESTCHESTER. 

1  Harry  W.  Haines* Rep. . .  Yonkers. 

2  Marmadnke  B.  Wright..  Dem., Mount  Vernon. 

3  Isaac  H.  Smith Rep..  .Peekskill. 

4  J.  M.  Wainwrlght* Rep. ..Rye. 

WYOMING. 

Robert  M.  McFarlane.  ..Hep.  ..Eagle. 


yATI<-S. 

Leon  Idas  D.  West* Rep. 


.Dundee. 


•  Members  of  the  last  Assembly.  A.ssemblymen  are  elected  for  one  year.  Salary,  $1,500  and  mileage. 

Independent* Republican,  1;  Independence  League,  1 2 

Democrats ®^ 

Republicans — » '" 


694 


Judiciary  of  the  State  of  Keio   York, 


JutJiciara?  of  tfjt  cStatc  of  Krto  ¥orft. 

JUDGES  OF  THE  COURT  OF  APPEALS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


JrOGKS. 

Kesidences. 
Brooklyn .. 

Counties. 
Kings 

Salaries.   Politics. 

$14,200  Dem 

18,700  Rwp.  .... 
13,700  Dem 

Terms  Expire. 

Edgar  M.  CiUlen,  Chief  Judge 

Dec    31    191S 

Albert  Haight,  Associate  J ud ere 

niiHalo 

Erie 

"     31    190,S 

John  Clinton  Graj', 

"             

New  York 

New  York...-. 

"     3i;  1913 

Irving  G.  Vann, 

Syracuse 

New  'S'ork 

Onondaga  

13,700  Rep 

"     31,  lt>10 

Kdward  T.  Bartlett, 

New  York 

13,700  Hep 

"     31,  1911 

William  K.  Werner, 

Rochester 

Monroe 

13,700  Rep.  ... 

"     31,  1018 

*  Frank  H.  Hiscock, 

•Sj-raCHse 

Onondaga 

13,700  Rep 

"     31,  lltlO 

*Eniorv  A.  Chase, 

Catskill 

(Greene 

13,700  Rep.... 

"     31.  1010 

*  Willard  Bartlett, 

Brooklyn. 

Kings  

13,700  Dem  .... 

"     31.  li>l«; 

Temporary  appointments. 

JUDGES    OF    THE    APPELLATE    DIVISION    OF    THE    SUPREME    COURT. 


Dkpartment. 


1st.    The  county  of  New  York. 


2d.  Kings,  Queens,  Nassau,  Rich- 
mond, Sullolk,  Rockland,  West- 
chester, Putnam,  Orange,  Dutch- 
ess. 


3d.  Sullivan,  Ulster,  Greene,  Col- 
umbia, Schoharie,  Albanj',  Rens- 
.selaer,  Fnlton,  Schenectady, 
JVfontgomery,  Saratoga,  Wash- 
ington, Warren.  Hamilton, 
K.ssex,  Clinton,  Franklin,  St. 
I^awrence,  Delaware,  Otsego, 
Broome,  Chenango,  Madison, 
Cortland,  Tioga,  Tompkins, 
Schuyler,  Chemung. 

4th.  Herkimer,  Oneida,  Lewis, 
.letferson,  Oswego,  Onondaga, 
Cayuga, Seneca,  \Vayne,  Ontario. 
Yates.  Steuben,  Livingston, Mon- 
roe, Allegany,  Wyoming,  (Gen- 
esee, Orleans,  Niagara,  Erie, 
Cattaraugus,  Chautauqua. 


Justices. 


John  Proctor  Clarke... 

Edward  Patterson 

George  L.  Ingraham.. 
Chester  B.  McLaughlin 

Johns.  Lambert 

Frank  C.  Laughlin 

James  W.  Houghton.. 

Francis  M.  Scott 

Michael  H.  Hirschberg 

William.!.  Gay  nor 

John  Woodward 

Almet  F.  Jenk.s 

Warren  B.  Hooker 

Adelbert  P   Rich 

Nathan  L.  Miller....... 

A.  V.  S.  Cochrane 

Walter  Lloyd  Smith. . . 

Alden  Chester 

John  M.  Kellogg 

Albert  H.SeweU..,.,.. 


Residences. 


New  York. 


Port  Henry 
Buffalo 


Peter  E.  McLennan.  . . 

Alfred  Spring 

Pardon  O.  Williams.  . . 
Frederick  W.  Kruse.. 
James  A.  Robsou 


Saratoga  Springs. 

New  York 

Newburgh 

Hroolvlyn 

Jamestown 

Brooklyn 

Fredonia 

Anijurn 

Cortland 

Hudson 

Elmira 

Albany 

Ogdensburg 

Walton 


Syracuse 

Franklinville 
Watertown.., 

Glean 

Cauaudaigua, 


Politics. 


Rep.... 
Dem... 
Dem. . . 
Rep.... 
Rep.  . . 
Rep.  .. 
Rep.  ., 
Dem. . . 
Rep.. . . 
Jiem... 
Rep.  . . 
Dem... 
Rep.  .. 
Rep.  .. 
Rep.  .. 
Rep.  .. 
Rep.  .. 
Rep.  .. 
Rep.  .. 
Rep. . . 


Designatious 
J<^ipire.  - 


Oct,  4,  1910 
"  31,  19<)9 
"  31,  1910 
"  31,  1909 
Temporary. 
Dec*  31,  1909 
Oct.  25,  1910 
Dec.  4,  1911 
"  31,  19JO 
"  31,  1921 
"  31,  1921 
April  4.  1910 
Dec.  31,  1908 
Temporary, 
i'emporarv. 
Jan.  8,  1911 
Dec.  31.  1916 
Dec.  81,  190  » 
Nov.  13,  1910 
Dec.  31,    1911 


Rep. 
Rep. 
Rep. 
Rep. 
Rep. 


Dec. 
Jan. 


31, 
9. 

15, 
3, 


i  4  r^ 


1920 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 


JUSTICES    OF    THE    SUPREME    COURT. 

The  salaries  of  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  are:  First  and  Second  Districts,  $17,500;  remaining 
Districts,  $7,200;  but  non-resident  Justices,  sitting  iu  the  Appellate  Divisions  of  the  First  and  Second 
Departments,  receive  the  same  compensation  as  tiie  Justices  in  those  Departments;  if  a.ssigned  to 
iliity  in  the  First  and  Second  Districts,  other  than  in  the  Appellate  Division,  their  additional  com- 
pen.satiou  is  $10  per  daj'. 


Dlstrict.s. 


1st.   The  city  and  county  of  New 
York. 


Justices. 


Edward  Patterson 

Samuel  Greenbaum  .. 
George  L.  Ingraham. 

Francis  AI.  Scott 

Joseph  E.  Newburger 

Charles  H.  Truax , 

James  A.  Blanchard. 
Charles  F.  MacLean.. 

Vernon  M.  Davis , 

Philip  H.  Dugro 

Victor  J.  Dowling , 

Edward  E.  McCall 

H.  A.  Gildersleeve... . 

James  Fitzgerald 

James  A .   O'  Gorman. . 
Henry  Bi.schofT,  Jr.\.. 

David  Leveutritt, 

Leonard  A.  Giei^ich 


Residenoe.s. 


New  York. 


Politics. 

Terms  E 

xpire. 

Dem 

Dec. 

31, 

1909 

Dem 

31. 

1915 

Dem 

31, 

1919 

Dem 

31, 

1911 

Dem 

31, 

1919 

Dem 

31, 

1909 

Rep 

31, 

1915 

Dem 

31, 

1909 

Dem 

31. 

1910 

Dem 

31, 

1914 

Dem 

31, 

1918 

Dem 

31, 

1916 

Dem 

31, 

1919 

Dem 

31, 

1912 

Dem 

31. 

1913 

Dem 

31, 

1917 

Dem 

31. 

1912 

Dem 

31, 

1920 

Judiciary  of  the  State  of  New   York. 


695 


JUDICIARY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK— Co?trtJMt€d. 


Districts. 


1st.  The  ciiy  and  county  of  New- 
York. 


Justices. 


Residences. 


2d.     Kings,  Queeus,  Nassau,  Riclj- 
luoud,  and  esutlblk. 


3d.  Columbia, Rensselaer. Sullivan, 
Ulster,  Albany,  Greene,  and 
ScLobarie  counties. 


4tb.  Warren, Saratoga,St.  l^awrence, 
Wasbington,  Essex,  Franklin, 
Clinton,  Montgomery,  Hamilton, 
Fulton, and  Scbenectady  counties 


5ih.  Onondaga,  .TetTerson,  Oneida, 
Oswego,  Herkimer,  and  Lewis 
counties. 


6th.  Otsego,  Delaware,  Madison, 
Chenango,  Tompkins,  Broome, 
Chemung,  Schuyler,  Tioga,  and 
Cortland  counties. 


7th.  Livingston,  Ontaiio,  Waj'ne, 
Yates,  Steuben,  Seneca,  Caj'uga, 
and  Monroe  counties. 


8tb.  Erie,Chautauqua,Caltaraugus 
Orleans,  Niagara,  Genesee.  Alle- 
gany, and  Wj'oming  counties. 


9th,  Westchester, Putnam,  Dutch 
es.s,Orange  and  Rockland  cou  n  t  ies 


Edward  B.  Amend... 
John  Proctor  Clarke. . 

John  W.Gotf. 

Samuel  Seabnry 

M.  Warley  Platzek... 

Peter  A .  Hendrick 

John  Ford 

Mitchell  L.  Erlanger. 
Charles  W.  Dayton  . .. 

Charles  L.Guy 

John  J.  Brady 

James  W.  Gerard 

William  J.  Gayuor... 

Joseph  A.  Burr 

Willard  Bartlett 

William  D.  Dickey... 

Wilmot  M.Smith 

Josiali  T.  Marean 

Almet  F.  Jenks 

Garret  J.  Garretsou... 

William  J.  Kelly 

Samuel  T.  Maddox... 
Edward  B.  Thomas. . . 

Walter  H.  Jay  cox 

Joseph  Aspinall 

Frederick  E.  Crane... 

Lester  W.Clark 

George  B.  Abbott 

William  J.Carr 

Townsend  Scudder  .. 

George  H.  Fitts 

Wesley  O .  Howard . . . 

A.  V.  S.  Cochrane i 

A  Iden  Chester 

Emory  A.  Cha.se 

James  .\.  Betts 

John  M.  Kellogg 

Edgar  A.  Spencer 

.lames  W.  Houghton.. 
Charles  C.  Van  Kirk  .. 

Henrj'  T.  Kellogg 

Chester  B.  McLaughlin 
William  S.  Andrews... 

Watson  M.    Rogers 

P.  C.  J.  DeAngelis 

Irving  L.  Devendorf. .. 

Frank  H.  Hiscock 

Pardon  C.  Williams... 
Peter  B.  McLennan... 
William  E.  Scripture.. 
Albert  F.  Gladding.... 

Albert  H.  Sewpll  

Nathan  L    Miller 

Henrv  B.  Coman 

Walter  Llo3-d  Smith. . . 

George  F.  Lyon 

James  .\ .  Robson 

Adelhert  P.  Rjch 

Nathaniel  Foote 

William  W.  Clark 

.ArthurE.  Sutherland. 

George  A.  BentOri 

Samuel  N.Sawyer 

John  S.   Lambert 

Warren  B.  Hooker 

.Alfred  Spring 

Frank  C.  Langhlin 

Truman  C.  White 

Frederick  W.  Kruse. . . 

John  Woodward 

Cutlibert  W.  Pound 

Edward  K.  Emery 

Louis  W.  Marcus 

Charles  H.  Brown 

Charles  B.  Wheeler 

Isaac  N.  Mills 

.Arthurs.  Tompkins... 
Joseph  Morschauser. . . 
>richael  H.  Hlrschberg 
Martin  J.  Keogb...... 


^ew  York. 


<  t 
1  < 


Brooklyn , 


Patchogue. 
Brooklyn  . 

Elmhurst.. 
Brooklyn... 


Patchogue. 
Brooklyn.. 


New  Brighton. 
Brooklyii 


Glen  Head 

Albany  

Troj- 

Hudson  

Albanj' 

Catskill 

Kingston 

Ogdensburg  

Glovensville 

Saratoga  Springs. 

Whitehall..  

Plattsburg 

Port  Henry 

Syracuse 

Watei'town 

Utica 

Herkimer 

Syracuse  

Watertown 

Sj-racuse  

Rome 

Norwich 

Walton 

Cortland 

^sroiTisville 

Elmira 

Binghamton 

Canandaigua 

Auburn 

Rochester 

Wayland 

Rochester 

Speucerport 

Palmyra 

Fredonia 


Franklinville 
BuHalo 


Olean 

Jamestown. 

Lockport 

Buiralo 


Belmont 

Butlalo 

Mt.  Vernon.... 

Nyark 

Potighkeepsie. 

Newburgh 

Kew  £iocbvU«t. 


Politics. 

Terms  Expire. 

Deni 

Dec.  31. 

1916 

Rep 

"    31, 

1915 

Dem 

"     31. 

1920 

Ind.L.  .. 

"     31, 

l!t20 

i:>em 

"     31. 

19-20 

Dem 

•'     31. 

19-20 

Ind.L.  .. 

"     31, 

19-20 

Dem 

"     31, 

19-20 

Dem 

"     31, 

19'20 

Dem 

'•     31. 

19-20 

Dem 

"     31 

19'20 

Rep 

"     31, 

1921 

Dem 

'•     31. 

1921 

Rep 

•'     31. 

1919 

Dem 

"     31, 

1911 

Rep 

"     31. 

1909 

Rep 

"     31. 

1909 

Dem 

"     31. 

1912 

Dem 

"     31. 

1912 

Rep 

"     31, 

1910 

Dem 

"     31. 

1916 

Rep 

"     31. 

1910 

Rep 

"     31, 

]9'20 

Rep 

"     31. 

1920 

Rep 

"     31. 

19-20 

Rep 

"     31, 

19-20 

Rep 

"     31, 

19-20 

Dem 

''     31. 

J  9-20 

Dem 

"     31, 

1920 

Dem 

'•     31. 

19*20 

Rep 

"     31, 

1919 

Rep 

••     31, 

1916 

Rep 

"     31, 

1915 

Rep 

"     31, 

1!!09 

Dem 

"     31, 

1910 

Rep 

"     31, 

1912 

Rep 

"     31. 

1917 

Rep 

"     31, 

1915 

Rep 

"     31. 

1914 

Rep 

'•     31, 

1907 

Rep  .... 

"     31, 

1917 

Rep 

"     31, 

1909 

Rep 

"     31. 

1913 

Rep 

"     31, 

1914 

Rep 

'*     31, 

19'20 

Rep 

"     31, 

1919 

Rep 

"     31, 

1910 

Rep 

"     31, 

1911 

Rep 

"     31, 

1920 

Rep 

"     31, 

1909 

Rep 

*'     31. 

19-20 

Rep 

"     31 

1913 

Rep 

"     31, 

1918 

Rep 

''     31. 

19-20 

Rep 

"     31, 

1916 

Rep 

"     31. 

1909 

Rep 

"     31. 

1918 

Rep... 

"     31. 

1914 

Rep 

"     31. 

1919 

Rep 

"     31, 

19-20 

Rep 

"     31 

1919 

Rep 

"     31, 

1920 

iRep 

"     31 

19-21 

Rep.  .   . 

"     31, 

1917 

Rep 

"     31, 

1913 

Rep 

"     31. 

19(9 

Rep 

"     31, 

1909 

Rep 

"     31, 

1910 

Rep.  ... 

"     31, 

1914 

Rep 

"     31. 

1910 

Rep 

"     31 

19-20 

Rep 

••     31 

19-20 

Rep 

"     31. 

19-20 

Rep 

"     31. 

1920 

Rep 

'•     31, 

19-21 

Rep.  ... 

"     31, 

1920 

Rep 

"     31. 

19'2<> 

Rep 

•'     31, 

19-JO 

Rep 

"     31, 

1910 

Dem..... 

'«     81 

1908 

696 


Kew   York   Counties. 


SHOWING  POLITICAL  AND  JUDICIAL  DIVISIONS  OF  WHICH  THEY  ARE  UNITS. 


COUNTISS. 


Albany 

Allegauy 

Broome 

Cattaraugus 

Cayuga 

Chautauqua  

Clieuiuug 

Cheuaugo , 

Chutou 

Columbia 

Coillaud 

Delaware 

Duicliess 

Krie 

Essex 

Franklin 

Fulton  and  Hamilton 

Cenesee 

Greene 

Herkimer 

Jetlerson 

Kings 

Lewis 

Livingston 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

rsassan 

Neu  York 

Niagara. 


g.2 


28 

44 

39 

51 

40 

51 

41 

37 

33 

26 

40 

39 

26 
48,49,50 

33 

34 

32 

44 

27 

32 

35 
3  to  10 

32 

43 

37 
45,  46 

31 
1 
11  to  22 

47 


PS 

O  ra 


4)  »" 

o 


St 


^«   ?i  *" 

ti    Pi 


22 

37 

30 

37 

:il 

37 

33 

30 

36 

21 

30 

24 

21 
35,  o 

26 

26 

25 

34 

21 

27 

28 
2  to  7 

28 

34 

29 

32 

25 
1 

to  18 

34 


9 


3 

8 
6 
8 
7 
8 
6 
6 
4 
3 
6 
6 
9 
8 
4 
4 
4 
8 
3 
5 
5 
2 
5 
7 
6 
7 
4 
2 
1 
8 


Co  o 
r  1  4) 

—  jj   B 

=  sr 

—  0.0) 

3 
4 
3 
4 
4 
4 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
2 
4 
3 

r* 
O 

3 
4 
3 
4 
4 
2 
4 
4 
3 
4 
3 
2 
1 
4 


Counties.  • 


Oneida 

Onondaga...., 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam  

Queens 

Kensselaer. .. 
Jiichmond.... 

Rockland. 

St.  Lawrence 

Saratoga 

Sclienectadj'. 
Schoharie  ... 

Schuyler 

Seneca 

Steuben  

Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkins ... 

Ulster. 

Warren 

Washington. 

Wayne 

Westchester. 
Wvoming.... 
Yates 


If 

fl.2 


36 
38 
42 
25 
47 
35 
37 
26 

2 
29 

3 
23 
34 
30 
31 
31 
41 
40 
43 

1 
25 
41 
41 
27 
33 
30 
42 
24 
44 
42 


^5 


27 
29 
31 
20 
34 
28 
24 
21 

1 
22 

8 
20 
26 
25 
22 
24 
33 
33 
33 

1 
20 
30 
30 
24 
25 
22 
31 
19 
34 
31 


SfS 


5 
5 

7 
9 
8 
5 
6 
9 
2 
3 
2 
9 
4 
4 
4 
3 
6 

I 

7 
2 
3 
6 
6 
3 
4 
4 
7 
9 
8 
7 


>    »-    CO 

*i  9>  a 

n  a  ■*^ 

■<cc'~' 


4 
4 
4 
2 
4 
4 
3 
2 
2 
3 
2 
2 

r» 
O 


O 
3 

4 
4 
2 
3 

r» 
O 

3 
3 
3 
3 

4 
2 
4 

4 


COUNTIES    IN    THE    ORDER    OF    THEIR    CREATION. 


No. 


county. 


1— Albany 

2  — Dutchess.  .  . 

:;— Kings 

4— New    York .  . 

r«— Orange 

6— Queens 

7— Richmond.  .  . 

S— Suffolk 

<)— Ulster 

10_Westchester, 
11— Montgomery. 
12— Washington. 
i:j— Columbia. . . 

11— Clinton 

l."»— Ontario 

10— Rensselaer.  . 

17— Saratoga 

IS— Herkimer.  . . 

19— Otsego 

20— Tioga 

21— Onondaga.  . . 
22— Schoharie . . . 


Formed  from 


2.1— Steuben.  . . 
24— Delaware.  . 

2.1— Rockland. . 
26— Chenango. 


27— Oneida. 
28— Essex.  . 
29— Cayuga. 
30— Greene. 


31 — St.  Lawrence 
83— Genesee » » j  i« » 


(Original) . . . 
(Original) . .  - 
(Original).  . 
(Oiiginal).  . 
(Oiiginal).  . 
(Original).  . 
(Original).  . 
(Original). . 
(Original). . 
(Original).. 

.Albany 

Albany 

Alliany 

Washington 
Montgomery 
Albany. ... 
Aloany . . .  . 
.Montgomery 
Montgomei'y 
Montgomery 
Herkimer. . . 
Albany  and 

Otsego. .. . 

Ontfirio 

Ulster  and 

Otsego. . . 

Oran.ge 

Tioga  and 

Herkimer 
Herkimer.  . 

Clinton 

Onondaga . . 
.\lbany  and 

Ulster.... 

Clinton 

Ontario t  tit. 


Date  of  Creat'l 


Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

March 

March 

April 

March 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

March 

April 
March 

March 
Feb. 

March 
March 
March 
March 

March 
March 
M«br«h 


1, 
1. 
1, 

1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1. 
1, 

12, 

12. 
4. 
7, 

27. 
7, 
7, 

10. 

IC. 

Ki, 
5, 

6. 
18. 

10. 
23. 

15. 

15. 
1. 

8, 


3, 
8Q. 


1683 
1683 
1683 
1683 
1683 
1683 
1683 
1683 
1683 
1083 
1772 
1772 
1786 
1788 
17S1) 
17!)1 
17!)1 
j7:tl 
17!)] 
17!il 
1791 

]7or. 

17!)6 

1707 
1798 

1798 
1798 
1799 
1799 

1800 
1802 
ISO? 


31— Jefferson. . .  . 

35— Lewis 

(5 — Madison 

37—  Broome 

!— Allegany 

39-  Cattaraugus. 
40— Chautauqua . 

41— Franklin 

42— Niagara 

43— Cortland 

44— Schenectady . 

4.")— Sullivan 

4(i — Putnam 

47— Warren 

18— Oswego 


No.        County. 


49- 

50- 


-Hamilton. 
Tompkins. 


r»l~Livingston . 


o2— Monroe. 


53-Erie 

.->4— Yates 

M — Wayne . . . 

5<) — Oi leans.  . . 
57 — Chemung. 
."8 — I'ulton. . . . 
.").') — AYyoming . 
00- Schuyler.. 


Formed  from  Date  of  Creat'n 


Cayuga 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Chenango.  .  . 

Tioga 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Clinton 

Genesee. .  .  . 
Onondaga.  . 

Albany 

Ulster 

Dutchess.  . 
Washington 
Oneida  and 

Onondagy 
Montgomerv 
Ca>uga  and 

Seneca. . . . 
Genesee  and 

Ontario.  .  . 
Genesee  and 

Ontario.  .  . 
Niagara. . .  . 
Ontario.  .  .  . 
Ontario  and 

Seneca. . . . 

Genesee 

Tioga 

Montgomery 

Genesee 

Chemung, 

Steuben  & 

TompMnB . 


March 

Mai'ch 

March 

March 

March 

April 

March 

March 

March 

March 

April 

March 

March 

.June 

March 

March 
April 

April 

Feb. 

Feb. 

April 

Feb. 

April 

Nov. 

March 

April 

May 


24,  1801 
28,  ISO.". 
28,  1805 
21.  1800 

28.  1806 

7,  ISOO 
11.  1808 
11,  180S 
11,  1808 

11,  1808 

8.  1808 
7,  1809 

27.  1809 

12.  1812 
12.  1813 

1.  1810 
12,  1810 

7.  isr* 

23,  1821 

23,  1821 

2,  1S21 
5.  1823 

11.  1823 

12.  1824 

29.  1836 
18.  1838 
14,  1841 


ApriJ  17,  1854 


Total   Vote  for  PresUlent,  1900  and  WOJf. 


697 


J^opulat  auTi  2Slcctoral  Uote  for  JJJccsitJcut  in  1904. 


States  and  Tekritoriks. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

CoiiiierCie  lit 

Delaware  .~ 

Florida  - 

iiieor/?ia 

Idaho 

Illinois* ' 

Indiana- 

Iowa 

Kansas 

KentncUy .' • 

lionisiana 

i>laine 

illaryland  

I>la8sachiiselts.... 

i>[iclii^aii 

i>Iinneso>a. 

I>Iissi8sippi 

]>IiMsonri 

l>lontana 

Nebrasit  a 

Nevada  

New  flampsliire. 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

NortU  Carolina... 

Nortli   Dakota 

Ohio 

Ore^e^on 

Peiinsy  I vania 

Rhode  Island.  .... 
Sonth  C^arolina.. 

South   Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Venn '!>nt. 

Vire;inia 

VVasSiiiiifton 

VVest  Virg^inia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming; 

Total 


Popui.au  Votk. 


Parker, 
Dem. 


79,857 

64.434 

89,404 

I0ii,lo5 

72.9oy 

1V1,360 

27.046 

83,  472 

18,480 

327,606 

274,345 

149,141 

84, 800 

217,170 

47.747 

•27.641 

109,446 

165,  746 

134, 151 

55.187 

53.376 

296,31-2 

21,773 

51.876 

3,982 

33,992 

164,566 

683,981 

124,121 

14,273 

344,674 

17,521 

3.35.430 

24,839 

52,563 

21.969 

131.653 

167,200 

33,413 

9,777 

80, 648 

28, 098 

100,855 

124,107 

8.930 

5,077,971 


Koose- 
velt. 
Hep. 

'22,472 

46,860 

205,226 

134,687 

111.089 

23,714 

8,314 

24,003 

47,783 

632, 645 

368, 289 

307.907 

210, 893 

205,277 

5,205 

64,4.32 

109,497 

257, 822 

361,866 

216,  651 

3.187 

321,  449 

34, 932 

138. 558 

6,867 

54.177 

245. 164 

859,533 

82, 442 

52, 595 

600,095 

60,455 

840,949 

41, 605 

2,554 

72.083 

105,369 

51,242 

62,446 

40,459 

47,880 

101,540 

132, 620 

280,164 

20,489 

7,623.486 


Debs, 

Soc, 


853 

1.816 

29, 535 

4,304 

4.543 

146 

2,337 

197 

4,949 

69,225 

12,013 

14,847 

15,494 

3,602 

995 

2,101 

2,247 

13,604 

8.941 

11, 692 

392 

13,009 

5,676 

7,412 

925 

1,090 

9,587 

36,883 

124 

2,005 

36, 260 

7,619 

21, 863 

*     956 

21 

3,138 

1,354 

2,791 

5,767 

859 

218 

10,023 

1,573 

28, 220 

1,077 


Swal-     I    Corri 


402,283 


Pro. 

612 

993 
7, 380 
3.438 
1.506 

607 

'"685 

1.013 

34,770 

23, 496 

11.601 

7,245 

6,609 

i.'sio 

3,0.34 

4,279 

13,308 

6,253 

7.191 

335 
6,323 

"'749 

6.845 

20,  78 

361 

1,13 

19, 339 

3,806 

33,717 

768 

2,'965 
1.889 
3,995 

"■792 
1,383 
3,229 
4.599 
9,770 
217 


Watson, 
S,.c.  L.        i'oP 


5,051 
2, 318 


268,536 


335 
675 


4,698 
1,598 


596 


2,. 359 

i,or; 

974 

1^674 
208 


2,680 
9,127 


2,633 

*488 

'421 


56 
1,592 


Plurality. 


824 

494 

46 

1.605 

22.635 

352 

6,725 

2,444 

2,207 

6,156 

2,511 

"357 

1.294 
1,159 

2,103. 
1.424 
4.226 
1,520 
20,. 5181 

344, 

81 

3,  7o5 

7,459 

819 

165 
1,392 

753 
2,211 

"*  1 

1,840 
2,491 
8,062 


359 
669 
333 
530 


Elbctobal  Votb 


%-. 


57.386  I> 
17,574  D 

115,822  H 
34.582  R 
38,180  R 
4.354  R 
18.732  D 
59. 469  D 
29.  303  R 

305.039  R 
9.3.944  R 

158.766  R 

126.093  R 
11.893  D 
42.542  D 
36,791  R' 
51  R 
92,076  R 

227,715  R 

161.464  R 
50.189  I) 
25,137  R 
13,1,59  R 
86,682  R, 
2,885  R; 
20,185  R 
80,598  R 

175,552  R 
41,679  D 
38,322  R 

255,421  R 
42,934  R 

505.519  R 
16,766  R 
50,009  D 
50.114  R 
26,284  D| 

115,958  D 
29,033  Ri 
30, 682  r! 
32,768  I) 
73.442  R 
31,765  R 
156,057  R 
11.  £59  R 


11 

y 


5 
13 


13 
9 


10 


12 


12 

18 


31,2491  117.1831 


12 


»>'■£ 


10 
6 

7 
3 


3 
27 
16 
13 
10 


I 

16 
14 
11 

"18 
3 
8 
3 
4 
12 
39 

'"  4 

23 
4 

34 
4 


3 
4 

5 

7 

13 
3 

140l       336 


*  In  Illinois  the  Continental  party  cast  830  votes.  . 

Popular  Vote,  Roosevelt  over  Parker • 

Popular  Vote,  Roosevelt  over  all 

Electoral  Vote,  Roosevelt  over  Parker 

Total  Popular  Vote,  all  candidates 

Total  Popular  Vote,  including  scattering  votes 

The  above  wa.s  compiled  from  the  highest  vote  received  by  the  electors. 


2,545,5  15 
1,736,2G4 

13,510,708 
13,530,531 


^otal  Uote  for  i^rtsttrcnt,  1900  auTr  1904. 


States. 


Alabama,... 
Arkans8,3.... 
California ... 
Colorado  — 
Connecticut. 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho  

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas , 

Kentucky  ... 
Louisiana  ... 


1904. 


109. 
116, 
3.31. 
243, 
191, 

42. 

.39. 
138, 

72. 
1,068, 
682. 
485, 
324, 
435, 

53. 


1900. 


684 

411 

545 

693 

116 

873 

302 

198 

578 

9441, 

185| 

703 

588 

765 

9081 


159,583 
127.866 
303,  793 
221,336 
180.118 

41,982 

,38.031 
122.715 

57.9141 
131,894 
664,094! 
530.800 
353.7661 
468,888! 

67,904i 


States. 


Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.. 

Michigan 

IMinnesota 

^fississippi 

Afissoiin 

jNIontana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

N.  Hampshire. 

New  Jer.se J' 

New  York". 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota. 


1904. 

96.027 

.224,224 

445,104 

520.4.37 

297, 592 

58. 383 
643.861 

64.444 
224.702 

36.1.54 

90.089 

432.547 

1,617.770 

207,867 

70,175 


1900. 


105,  720: 
264.511 
414,801 
544,375 
316.311 

59.103 
683,656 

63.641 
241.443 

10. 19t) 

92.3.52 
401.050 
.547.912 
292,669; 

57,769' 


Statk.s. 


vjnio...4.  ••.•.*.. 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania .. 
Rhode  Island.., 
South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota.. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia  

Wa.sh;ngton 

West  Virginia.. 

Wisconsin. 

Wyoming 


1004. 

1,004,393 

90. 184! 

1,234,170 

68. 656 

56.912 

101.995 

242,756 

234.008 

101,624 

51.88 

130,544 

128,713 

239. 7811 

443. 014 

30,655 


1900. 


l,040,»t'^ 

84, 182 

1,173.210 

56.568 

50.815 

96, 131 

271,623 

412.290 

93, 180 

56. 216 

264,096 

107. 524 

220,870 

442,894 

25,459 


Total  vote,  including  scattering  vote,  1904,  13,528,979;  1900, 13,961,566. 


698 


Popular  and  Electoral   Vote  for  President. 


A'  * 

00  y 


■  CI  C^  <7.  " 
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04 


Election  Meturns. 


699 


IHlrction  Brturns. 

BY  STATES,  COUNTIES,  AND  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICTS. 


ALABAMA. 

GrOVKRNOK. 

19U6. 

President,  1904. 

Counties 

Coiner 

Strat- 
ton. 
Rep. 

Parker 

Roose- 

Wat- 

Debs, 

(66.) 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Fop. 

Soc. 

Autauga 

810 

21 

733 

73 

10 

Baklwiu 

265 

4 

454 

126 

9 

24 

Barbour 

969 

4 

l,:i56 

49 

29 

0 

Bibb 

570 

30 

1,085 

155 

48 

13 

Rlonnt 

1,147 
433 

577 
0 

1,383 
726 

910 
0 

'  "^ 

3 
0 

Bullock 

Butler 

810 

1 

805 

83 

63 

0 

Calhoun 

l,37ri 

96    1,556 

287 

57 

7 

Chambers 

1,002 

12 

1,421 

74 

59 

1 

Cherokee 

1,205 

110 

905 

502 

2:^2 

38 

Chiltou 

754 

828 

738 

648 

257 

8 

Choctaw 

418 

0 

588 

45 

22 

1 

Clarke r 

720 

4 

1131 

79 

9 

4 

Clay 

1.092 
1,242 

454 
91 

1.345 
701 

990 
414 

44 

33 

0 

1 

Cleburne 

Cotfee 

1,760 
534 

9 
56 

1.106 
936 

226 

203 

382 
3 

0 
15 

Colbert 

Conecuh  

457 

5 

739 

106 

18 

1 

Coosa 

870 
909 

228 
53 

933 
907 

472 
310 

107 
110 

6 

1 

Covington 

Creushaw 

946 

12 

1,077 

180 

93 

5 

Cullmau 

1,490 

737 

1,497 

1,238 

240 

32 

Dale 

900 

736 

1,344 

39 
617 

997 
1,472 
1.716 

345 

36 

1,237 

73 
4 

loo 

0 

11 

6 

Dallas  

DeKalb 

Kljuore 

879 

43 

1.226 

151 

39 

0 

Escambia  — 

402 

6 

627 

83 

3 

2 

Etowah  

1,434 

501' 

1,431 

823 

229 

10 

Favette 

968 

334 

712 

599 

177 

12 

Franklin 

736 

416 

767 

668 

62 

7 

Geneva 

904 

63 

743 

473 

288 

0 

Greene 

373 

3 

477 

17 

0 

0 

Hale 

522 
514 

0 
4 

723 
701 

27 
104 

1 
105 

0 
0 

Henry 

Houston 

715 

4 

1,248 

384 

75 

0 

Jackson  

847 

91 

1.641 

666 

43 

1 

Jetferson 

6,874 

273 

6,424 

1,090 

54 

387 

Lamar 

845 

175 

848 

215 

8 

2 

Lauderdale  . . 

858 

28 

1,'J69 

316 

4 

7 

Lawrence 

576 

00 

909 

410 

8 

3 

Lee 

658 
774 

17 
13 

1,348 
1,053 

40 
187 

5 
.      13 

19 

0 

Limestone 

Lowndes 

539 

6 

697 

32 

3 

0 

Macon 

301 

5 

562 

51 

7 

0 

Madison 

1,309 

21 

2  119 

182 

6 

1 

Marengo  

726 

2 

1149 

56 

9 

0 

Marion 

851 

195 

1,224 

635 

4 

0 

Marshall 

1,458 

476 

1366 

966 

296 

6 

Mobile 

967 

59 

3,283 

325 

9 

39 

Monroe 

470 

5 

836 

46 

8 

0 

^Montgomery  . 

1,365 

21 

2,492 

50 

3 

8 

Morgan 

976 

37 

1,437 

416 

43 

70 

Perrv 

457 

723 

1 
9 

799 
866 

47 
105 

0 
76 

0 
1 

Pickens 

Pike 

847 
580 

23 
79 

1,544 
1,518 

29 
695 

38 
60 

1 
2 

Randolph 

Russell 

338 

3 

558 

21 

9 

4 

Shelbv 

1,012 

758 

1,106 

679 

613 

8 

St.  Clair 

983 

416 

908 

593 

426 

6 

Sumter 

535 

0 

883 

16 

0 

7 

Talladega 

829 

50 

1.264 

252 

37 

0 

Tallapoosa 

1,031 

17 

1,791 

234 

85 

6 

Tuscaloosa.  .. 

1.319 

16 

1,405 

132 

25 

26 

Walker 

2,047 

1,015 

1,639 

1,024 

3 

22 

Washington  . . 

312 

6 

443 

54 

9 

2 

Wilcox 

612 

0 

912 

2 

■    5 

1 

Winston 

556 

767 

602 

789 

36 

2 

Total 

62.771 

10.002.79.857 

22.472 

1   5,051 

853 

Pluralitj' 

52, 769 

..     '57  385 

1 

Per  cent 

85.79 

14.21    73.88 

•   20.65 

'    4.63 

1.19 

Scattering 

3J 

i9 

6 

12 

Whole  vote. 

73, 

162 

108 

,845 

J 

ALABAMA— Co?i//H?<C(f. 


For  Governor  iu  1906,  Abbott,  Soc,  received 
389  votes. 

For  President  in  1904,  Swallow,  Pro.,  received 
612  votes. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1902  was:  Jelk.s,  Dem., 
67.763;  Smith,  Rep.  ,24,431. 

For  President  in  1900,  Barker,  Pop.,  received 
4,178  votes,  and  WooUey,  Pro.,  2,762  votes. 

Bryan's  Democratic  vote  in  1896  was  105.390, 
and  the  Populist  vote.  24,917.  The  .scattering  vole: 
Palmer,  N.  D.,  6,462;  Levering,   Pro.,  2,147. 

VOTE  FOB  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CON GKES.S,  1906. 
Dintricts. 

I.  Counties  of  Choctaw,  Clarke.  Marengo,  M<)>)ile, 

Monroe,   and    Washington.     G.  W.  Taylor, 
Dem.,  3,592. 

II.  Counties  of  Baldwin,  Butler, Conecuh, Coving- 
ton, Cren.shaw,  E-scambia,  Montgomery, 
Pike,  and  Wilcox.  A.  A.  Wiley,  Dem., 
6,001;  J.  C.  Fonville,  Ind.,  75L 

III.  Counties  of  Barbour,  Bullock,  Coflee,  Dale, 
Geneva,  Henrv,  Lee,  and  Ru.s.sell.  Henry 
D.  Clayton,  Dem.,  6,922. 

IV.  Counties  of  Calhoun,  Chilton,  Cleburne, 
Dallas,Shelby,and  Talladega.  W,  B.  D.Craig, 
Dem.,  5,783. 

V.  Counties  of  Autauga,  Chambers,  Claj% 
Coosa,  Elmore,  Lowndes,  Macon,  Randolph, 
and  Tallapoosa.     J.  T.  Heflin,  Dem. ,  6, 940. 

VI.  Counties  of  Fayette,  Greene.  Lamar,  Clarion, 
Pickens,  Sumter,  Tuscaloosa,  and  Walker. 
Richmond  P.  Hobsou,  Dem.,  8,308. 

VII.  Counties  of-  Cherokee,  Cullman,  De  Kalb, 
Etowah,  Franklin,  Marshall,  St.  Clair,  and 
Winston.  John  L.  Burnett.  Dem.,  8,265; 
C.  B.  Kennemer,  Rep.,  4,914.  Burnett'splu- 
rality,  3,351. 

VIII.  Counties  of  Colbert,  Jackson,  Lauderdale, 
Lawrence,  Limestone, Madison,  and  Morgan. 
Wm.  Richardson.  Dem.,  5,873;  J.  T.  Master- 
son,  Rep.,  317.    Richard.son's  majority, 5,556. 

IX.  Counties  of  Bibb,  Blount,  Hale,  Perry,  and 
Jeflferson.  O.  W.  Underwood,  Dem. ,  7,864. 

PRESENT  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  B.  B.  Comer;  Lieutenant-Governor, 
Henry  B.  Gray;  Secretary  of  State.  Frank  N. 
Julian;  Auditor,  W.  W.  Brandon;  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral, Bibb  Graves;  Attorney  -  General,  A.  M. 
G.^rber;  Treasurer,  W.  D.  Seed;  Superintendent  of 
Education,  H.  C.  Gunnells;  Commissioner  of 
Agriculture,  R.  R.  Poole;  Deputy  Commissioner 
of  Insurance,  A.  C.  Sexton;  Commissioners  of 
Public  Lands,  .L  A.  Wilkinson  and  W.  M.  Byrd 
—all  Democrats. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  .lohii  R.  Tj'son; 
A.s.sociate  Justices,  Jonathan  Haral.son,  N.  D. 
Denson,  John  C.  Anderson,  R.  T.  Simpson,  James 
R.  Dowdell,  and  Thomas  McCleUan;  Clerk,  R. 
F.  Ligon,  Jr.— all  Democrats. 

STATE    LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate.  Honxe.  Joint  Ballot. 

Democrats 35  69  104 

Republicans 1  1 

Populists 1 

Democratic  majority..  35  67  103 


700 


Election  Returns. 


ALAB  AM  A— Cfc>nifn?t€(i. 


1872. 
1876. 
1880. 
1882. 
1884. 
1886. 
1888. 
1888. 
1890. 

1892. 
1892. 

1896. 

1896. 
1898. 

1900. 

1902. 
1904. 
1906. 


VOTE  OK  THE 

Dem. 


STATE  SINCE  1872. 


President. 
President. 
President. 
Governor . 
President.. 


79,229 
102,002 

90,687 
100,391 

92,973 


Gr.      Bro. 


4,642 
'762 


Governor .  .144,821 
Governor  .  .155,973 
President.. 117,320 
Governor .  .139,910 


Governor 
President 


126.959 
138,138 

n 

Governor .  .128,541 


90,27a 

68,230 

56,178 

46,386 

59,144 

37,116      .... 

44.770      .... 

56,197       .... 

42,440      .... 
Pop. 
....  115,522 
9,197  85,181 

89,290 


President.. 130,307 
Governor., 111,936 

Governor.. 115,167 
Governor..  67,763 
President..  79,857 
Governor..  62,771 


54.737 
52,164 

28  291 
24,421 
22,472 


N.D. 
6,462 

PiVp. 
17,543 

5,(157 
10,002 


Plu. 

•10,974  R 

....  *33.772  D 

....  34,509  D 

....  *54,199  D 

....  33,829  D 

576  107,621  D 

343  111,203  D 

583  61,123  D 

1,380  97,470  D 

....  *11,437  D 
239  52,937  D 

....  *3.9,251  D 

2,147  75.570  D 
....  *59,772  D 

1,301  86.876  D 
....  *43,342  D 
612  57,385  D 
....  52,769  D 


'Majority, 


ARIZONA. 


Congress,            ,           Con«rkss, 
l»<i6.                 1                 1904. 

Counties. 
(13.) 

Smith, 
Ueiii. 

Coo- 
per, 
Hep. 

251 

1,475 
417 
559 
853 

1,545 
107 
223 

1,368 
243 
215 

1,179 
474 

,^„^,;'-    Smith, 
lion,       ,-         ■ 

Soc.       ^^•^'"• 

Kow- 
ler, 
Uep. 

""301 

1,374 
567 
383 
793 

1,974 
213 
331 

1,027 
206 
309 

1,608 
435 

(iib 
son. 
Pro. 

Apache. 

Cochise 

Coconino 

(^ila 

203 

2,356 

562 

906 

1,159 

1,868 

364 

367 

755 

270 

353 

1,560 

378 

9       209 

545    2,001 

16       496 

391'       752 

256    1,111 

150    1,731 

82       344 

19 1      290 

85'       893 

15       369 

12       239 

347    1,492 

124       467 

o 

13 

10 

Graham 

Maricopa. 

Mohave 

Kavajo 

Pima 

55 

•  • 

1 
6 

Pinal  

Santa  Cruz.  .. 

Yavapai 

Yuma 

1 
24 

1 

Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 

11.101 
2  1:12 
49.13 

8,909 

39.45 
5(18 
22.596 

2,078  10,494 
. .     1      973 
9.191   49.01 

1 

9,521 

44.51 
53 

19,667 

108 
0.55 

PRK.SENT  TERRITOKIAI.  GOVKKXMENT. 

Governor,  Jos.  H.  Kibbe.v;  Secretary,  W.  F. 
Nichols;  Treasurer,  K.  E.Kirkland;  Auditor,  John 
H.  Page;  Adjutant-General.  J.  H.  McClintock; 
Attorney-General,  E.  S.  Clafk;  Superintendent 
of  Education,  R.  L.  Long— all  Republicans. 

JTTDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Edward  Kent; 
Associate  Justices,  Richard  E.  Sloan,  Fletcher  M. 
Doan,  John  H.  Campbell,  Fredk.  S.i^are;  Clerk, 
Shelby  M.  Collum-all  Republican.s. 

TERRITORIAIj  leoislature,  1907. 

Council.    JIoH.se.    Joint  Ballot. 

Democrats 5  17  22 

Republicans. 7  7  14 


Democratic  majority. 


10 


8 


VOTE  OE  THE  TERRITORY  SIN'CF.  1886. 


18«6. 

1888. 

1890. 

1892. 

1894. 

1896. 

1898 

1900 

1902, 


6 ,355 
7,686 
6,137 
7,152 
4,773 
6,065 
8,212 
8,664 
9.716 


1904 10,494 

1906 11,101 

•  Plurality. 


Rrp. 

4,472 

3,852 

4.941 

5,171 

5,648 

4,090 

7, .384 

7,664 

9,2.39 

9,521 

8,909 


Pop.    Ind.    JIai. 


3.006 
3,895 


2,078 


,883 

,834 

,196 

,981 

875 

,975 

828 

,000  D 

477  D 

973  D 


2,192  D 


ARKANSAS. 


CoUNTTKS. 

(76.) 


Arkansas 

Ashley 

Baxter 

Benton 

Boone  

Bradley 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Chicot 

Clark 

Clay 

Cleburne  

Cleveland 

Columbia 

Conway  

Craighead 

Crawford 

Crittenden 

Cross 

Dallas 

Desha 

Drew 

Faulkner 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Garland  

Grant 

Greene 

Hempstead   .. 
Hot  Springs. . . 

Howard 

Independence 

Izard 

Jackson   

Jefferson 

Johnson  

Lafayette  

Lawrence 

Lee 

Lincoln  

Little  River  . . 

Logan  

Lonoke  

Madison 

Marion 

Miller  

Mississippi 

Monroe 

Montgomery  . 

Nevada   

Newton   

Ouachita 

Perry  

Phillips 

Pike 

Poinsett 

Polk 

Pope 

Prairie 

Pulaski  

Bandolph 

Saline 

Scott 

Searcy  

Sebastian 

Sevier  

Sharp  

St.  Francis 

Stone 

Union   

Van  Buren  . . . 
Washington  . . 

White 

Woodruff  

Yell 

-  Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


GOVBRNOR. 

1906. 


President, 
1904. 


Little, 

Worth 

Dem. 

inglon  ■ 
Uep. 

892 

344 

1,580 

648 

755 

352 

2,430 

1,0^.6 

1,161 

814 

611 

49 

739 

78 

1,305 

1,054 

637 

297 

1,109 

333 

1,779 

910 

873 

260 

832 

190 

1,276 

156 

2,'i6l 

461 

1,784 

1,182 

789 

107 

1, 043 

S82 

679 

285 

291 

102 

1,294 

292 

2,  8fj9 

767 

1,512 

642 

882 

427 

3,059 

705 

642 

68 

1,661 

316 

2.021 

1,047 

1,456 

410 

1,323 

244 

2,117 

1,049 

1,375 

375 

1.392 

71H 

2.301 

808 

1,532 

514 

764 

455 

1,768 

6bl 

2,206 

1,326 

1.114 

151 

949 

418 

1.796 

821 

1.339 

316 

1,532 

1,343 

772 

386 

1,094 

495 

1,394 

534 

915 

242 

1,064 

360 

1.312 

646 

545 

1.052 

1,271 

1,048 

863 

348 

1,899 

364 

661 

S20 

1,554 

697 

1,243 

365 

1,782 

800 

781 

347 

3,181 

1.604 

1.907 

458 

1.028 

221 

1,270 

347 

837 

1, 1'93 

3,509 

1,658 

1,416 

279 

1 .  03(1 

261 

1,373 

372 

771 

335 

1.725 

211 

1,073 

691 

2.172 

1,213 

2,286 

638 

1.005 

470 

1.946 

739 

102749 

40,965 

61,784 

66.64 

26.57 

Adams 
Pro. 

~27 

18 

12 

113 

23 

2 

2 

18 
1 
79 
49 
43 
10 
.16 

"73 

45 

9 

15 
5 

3 

15 

18 

67 

23 

294 

4 

66 

40 

45 

34 

87 

45 

46 

20 

40 

17 

4 

2 

7 

20 

49 

54 

14 

14 

58 

34 

13 

31 

118 

13 

38 

16 

7 

8 

'356 

51 

20 

85 

52 

5 

39 

10 

117 

32 

33 

27 

19 

21 

8 

87 

207 

4 

174 

3,274 
4'.i3 


Hog.in 
Soc. 

~~'24 

5 

20 

127 

36 

2 

1 

48 
o 

8 
42 
36 
14 

2 

"55 

55 

3 

32 

1 

3 

8 

21 

47 

15 

58 

3 

11 

8 

7 

14 
34 
15 
23 
47 
58 
11 
1 
6 

22 

"s 

27 
36 
11 
23 
32 

7 
23 
15 
24 

3 
28 


34 

13 

1 

93 

38 

8 
123 
29 
298 
51 
31 
15 

7 

4 

12 

114 

63 

9 
36 


2,169 
2.66 


154.177 


Parker 
Deiii. 

~753 

804 

426 
1,963 

910 

569 

501 

925 

549 

722 

968 

394 

704 
1,445 
1,572 
1,051 

875 

344 

630 

604 

204 

953 
1,073 

968 

481 

804 

406 

922 
1,410 

605 

644 
1,052 

605 

746 
1,520 
1,047 

614 

672 
1,682 

544 

557 
1,237 
1,178 
1,072 

580 

763 

689 

757 

342 

585 

280 
1,083 

477 
1,434 

432 

599 

628 
1,424 

639 
3,099 

838 

588 

458 

404 
1,645 

711 

671 

737 

277 

955 

578 
1,978 
1,238 

861 
1,079 

64,434 

17,574 

55.34 

5,127 
116.421 


Election  Returns. 


701 


AR  KANSAS— Cbn^  inued. 


YKix  President  in  1904,  Swallow,  Pro.,  received 
993  votes. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Davis,  Dem., 
91,991;  Meyers,  Rep.,  53,898;  Willmous,  Pro.,  2.527; 
Penrose,  Soc,  1,364.    Davis'  plurality,  34,207. 

VOTE  FOB  REPKESEXTATIVES  IX  COXGRESS,  1906. 

Districts. 

I.  Counties  of  Clay,  Greene,  Craigtiead.  Mississippi, 

Crittenden,  Cross,  Poinsett,  St.  Francis,  Lee, 
Phiillips,  and  Woodruff.  R.  B.  Macon,  Dem., 
5,715;  Taylor,  Rep.,  1,215.  Macon's  major- 
ity, 4, 500. 

II.  Counties   of  Stone,  Sharp,   Randolph,   Law- 

rence, Fulton.  Izard.  Independence,  White, 
Cleburne,  Jackson,  Prairie,  and  Monroe.  8. 
Brundidge,  Dem.,  5,137;  Mason,  Rep.,  1,216. 
Brundidge'  s  majority,  3,921. 

III.  Counties  of  Washington,  Benton,  Madison, 
Carroll,  Newton,  Boone.  Searcy,  Baxter, 
Marion,  and  Van  Buren.  J.  C.  Floyd,  Dem., 
5,715;  Ivej-,  Rep.  ,3,246.  Floj^d's  majority, 
2,469. 

IV.  Counties  of  Crawford,  Logan,  Seba-stian,  Scott, 

Polk,  Sevier,  Howard,  Pike,  Little  River, 
Montgomery,  and  Miller.  Craven,  Dem., 
7,290;  Tilles,  Rep. ,  3,845.  Craven's  major- 
ity, 3,445. 

V.  Counties  of  Franklin,   Johnson,   Pope,  Yell, 

Conway,  Faulkner.  Perry,  and  Pulaski. 
C.  C.  Reid,  Dem,.  5,967;  Hedges,  Rep. ,  1,976. 
Reid's  majority,  3,991. 

VI.  Counties  of   Garland,   Hot  Springs,   Saline, 

Dallas,  Grant,  Desha,  Cleveland,  Lincoln, 
Drew,  Jefferson,  Arkansas,  and  Lonoke.  J. 
T.  Robinson,  Dem.,  5.473;  R.  L.  Thompson, 
Rep.,  1,010.     Robinson's  majoritj', 4,463. 

VII.  Counties  of  Hempstead,  Clark,  Nevada,  Co- 
lumbia, Union,  Ouachita,  Lafayette,  Cal- 
houn, Bradley,  Ashley,  and  Chicot.  R.  M. 
Wallace,  Dem. ,  3,255;  scattering,  30. 

TRESEN'T  STATE   GOVERXMEXT. 

Acting  Governor,  X.  O.  Pindall;  Lieutenant- 
Governor,  X.  O.  Pindall;  Secretary  of  State,  O. 
C.  Ludwig;  Trea-surer,  James  L.Yates;  Auditor, 
A.  E.Moore;  Attorney-General,  Wra.  F.  Kirby; 
Superintendent  of  Education,  J.  J.  Doyne;  Com- 
missioner of  Agriculture,  Guy  B.  Tucker;  Commis- 
sioner of  Insurance,A.  E.  Moore;  Commissioner 
of  Public  Lauds,  L.  L.  Coffman— all  Democrats. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Joseph  M.  Hill; 
Justices,  Edgar  A.  McCulloch,  C.  D.  Wood,  Bur- 
rill  B.  Battle,  and  Jesse  C.  Hart;  Clerk  of  the 
Court,  P.  D.  English— all  Democrats. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

Seivtte.  Houxp.  Joint  Ballot. 

Democrats 34  96  130 

Republicans 1  4  5 


CALIFORNIA. 


Democratic  majority.     33  92 

VOTE  OE  THE  STATE  SIXCE  1872. 


125 


Dem. 

Rep. 

&r. 

Wlieel. 

Mai. 

1872. 

Pres . . . 

37,927 

41.073 

•  •  •  • 

.... 

3,146  R 

1876. 

Pres. .. 

58,083 

38,669 

•  •  •  • 

.... 

19,414  D 

1880. 

Pres . . . 

60,865 

42,549 

4,079 

.... 

*18,316  D 

1884. 

Pres... 

72,927 

50,895 

1,847 

.... 

*22  032  D 

1886. 

Gov.. . . 

90,650 

54,070 

u'.Lab. 

19,169 

Pro. 

*36,580  D 

1888. 

Gov.. . . 

99,229 

•  >  *  • 

84,223 

•  •  *  ■ 

15,006  D 

1888. 

Pres . . . 

85,962 

58,752 

10,613 

641 

*27,210  D 

1890. 

Gov.. . . 

106,267 



85,181 

Pop. 

ll,8;^l 

21,086  D 

1892. 

Pres. .. 

87,834 

46,884 

113 

*40,950  D 

1894. 

Gov.... 

91,114 

35,8.36 

13,990 

851 

*55,278  D 

1896. 

Gov.... 

74,809 

26,055 

24,541 

1,.5.51 

*48,724  D 

1896. 

Pres.  . . 

110,103 

37,512 

839 

*72,591  D 

1900. 

Gov.... 

88,637 

44,701 

3,641 



*43,938  D 

1900. 

Pres... 

81,142 

44.800 

972 

*36,342  D 

1902. 

Gov 

77,354 

29,251 

8,.345 

Hoc. 

4,791 

48,103  D 

1964. 

Pres. . . 

64,434 

46,860 

2,.318 

1.816 

17,574  D 

1906. 

Gov.  .. 

102,749 

40,965 

2,169 

3,274 

61,784  D 

*  Plurality 

• 

UGVSKNOE, 

Pkksidk.nt, 

COUNTIKS. 

(57.) 

1906. 

1904. 

Bell, 

Gillett 

Lewis, 

Lang- 
don, 
L  L. 

7,735 

Parker 

Roose- 
velt, 
Rep., 

L»em. 

Uep. 
11,029 

Soc. 

Dem. 

Alameda 

6,561 

1,922 

4,399 

19,065 

Alpine 

14 

52 

•  • 

2 

9 

74 

Amador 

1,181 

889 

22 

211 

915 

1,279 

Butte 

2,753 
922 

2,057 
1,159 

246 
97 

•  289 
402 

1,574 
844 

2,799 

Calaveras 

1,571 

Colusa 

1,303 
1,693 

375 
2,158 

46 

286 

64 
1,001 

900 
1,2.57 

885 

Contra  Costa.. 

2,833 

Del  Norte 

302 

383 

48 

37 

187 

429 

El  Dorado  .... 

1,245 

831 

103 

99 

865 

1,248 

Fresno 

4,642 

4,082 

441 

376 

2,815 

4,929 

Glenn 

992 

2,420 

375 
3, 633 

8 
242 

59 
94 

725 
1,249 

765 

Humboldt 

4,930 

Inyo 

190 

284 

39 

387 

231 

452 

Kern 

1.878 
967 
743 
484 

1,484 

1,056 

492 

391 

368 

86 

•    65 

26 

502 
94 

121 
52 

1,724 
595 
594 
301 

2,.359 

Kings 

1,110 

Lake 

641 

La.ssen 

573 

Los  Angeles. . . 

12,937 

20,936 

3,047 

8,360 

10,0.30  32,507 

Madera 

781 

626 

60 

155 

610 

784 

Marin 

1,247 

1-762 

84 

705 

772 

2.199 

Mariposa 

454 

222 

33 

179 

487 

461 

Mendocino 

2,028 

2,114 

185 

307 

1.489 

2,904 

Merced 

1.116 

792 

79 

261 

863 

972 

ilodoc 

658 

169 

1.560 

486 

193 

1  •  755 

10 
17 
97 

22 
26 

768 

444 

82 
1,415 

559 

Mono 

245 

Monterey 

2,453 

Napa 

2,480 

1,303 

77 

140 

1,135 

2,425 

Nevada 

1,983 

1,239 

104 

255 

1.167 

2,249 

Orange 

1,629 

2.566 

318 

.544 

1,034 

2,665 

Placer 

1, 729 

1,255 

50 

125 

1,023 

2,050 

Plumas 

493 

473 

17 

73 

347 

707 

Riverside 

1,156 

2,093 

377 

393 

678 

2.6.38 

Sacramento.. 

7,074 

3, 345 

328 

147 

2,384 

6,666 

San  Benito 

635 

582 

33 

200 

643 

888 

S.  Bernardino. 

2.080 

3.165 

420 

936 

1,573 

3.884 

San  Diego 

2,469 

3,621 

974 

504 

1,398 

4,:303 

San  Francisco. 

11.6.50 

12,903 

2,103 

10,523 

18,027  39.816 

San  Joaquin  . . 

3.474 

3,160 

204 

512 

2,293    4,498 

S.  Luis  Obi.spo. 

1,683 

1,574 

251 

392 

1,167    2,015 

San  Mateo 

863 

1.690 

91 

679 

851    2,146 

Santa  Barbara 

1..323 

1.794 

214 

920 

1,152    2.676 

Santa  Clara. . . 

3,805 

5,714 

49(> 

1,978 

3,100 

8,274 

Santa  Cruz 

1,760 

1.6i»6 

261 

635 

1,105 

2,626 

Shasta 

1,468 

1,425 

372 

308 

935 

1,891 

Sierra 

592 

1,718 

459 
1,406 

38 
108 

58 
216 

376 
1,219 

791 

Siskivou 

2,104 

Solano 

2,918 

2.061 

213 

369 

1,555 

3,176 

Sonoma 

4.346    3.687 

200 

632 

2,816 

5,269 

Stanislaus 

1..350 

1,197 

62 

253 

1,110 

1,437 

Sutter 

807 
1,281 

679 

877 

35 
163 

40 
117 

488 
720 

872 

Tehama 

1.234 

Trinity 

402 

517 

77 

UK) 

308 

467 

Tulare 

2,654 

7S0 

1,513 

732 

377 
104 

325 
616 

1,643 

2.221 

Tuolumne 

1,006    1,280 

Ventura 

875 

1,449 

152 

549       840!   1.995 

Yolo 

1.  782 

1,305 

109 

59    l,.30lt   1,702 

Yuba 

1,091 

693 

51 

102 

633 1   1.235 

Total 

117590  125889 

16, 030 

45, 008  89,404  205226 

Pluralitv 

..        8.299 

. .      11.5822 

Pe'r  cent 

37.75    40.26 

5.13 

14.39 

26.96   61.89 

Scattering 

8,1 

41 

36,915 

Whole  vote. 

312,b 

58 

331. 

545 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1906  was:  Blanchard, 
Pro.,  received  8,141  votes. 

]'"oi  President  in  1904:  Swallow,  Pro. ,  received 
7,380 votes;  Deb.s,  Soc,  29.535. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1902  was:  Lane,  Dem., 
143.782;  Pardee.  Rep.,  145,332;  Brower,  Soc,  9,582; 
Knouse,  Pro.,  4,636;  scattering,  14,488. 

VOTE   FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

Districts. 

I  Counties  of  Del  Norte,  Humboldt,  Lassen, 
Marin,  Modoc,  Plumas,  Shasta,  Sierra,  Siski- 
you, Tehama,  .A.lpine,  Calaveras,  Mariposa, 
Nevada,  El  Dorado,  Amador,  Tuolumne, 
and  Trinity.  F.  W.Taft.  Dem.,  13,784;  W. 
F.  Euglebright,  Rep.,  18,954;  Weybright, 
Soc,  1,746;  Webb,  Pro.,  382.  Englebright 
elected  to  fill  unexpired  term. 


702 


JERection  Heturns, 


CAIAYO^'^IK— Continued. 


II.  Counties  of  Mendocino,  Glenn,  Colusa,  Butte, 

Sutter,  Yuba, Sacramento,  Yolo.  Lake,  Napa, 
Sonoma-,  and  Marin.  W.  A.  Beard.  Dem., 
20 ,263;,  Duncan  K.  McKinlay,  Rep.  23,409; 
Gay  lord,  Soc. ,  1,509. 

III.  Counties  of  Alameda.  Conti-a  Costa,  and  So- 

lano. Hugh  W.  Bruuk.  7,716;  Joseph  R. 
Knowland,  Rep.,  21,510;  McDevitt,  Soc, 
2,514. 

TV.  County  of  San  Francisco  (part).  David  S. 
Hirshberg,  Dem.,  3,016.  Julius  Kahn,  Rep., 
5,678;   Oliver  Everiit,  Soc. ,  399. 

V.  Counties  of  San  Francisco  (part),  San  Mateo, 

snd  Santa  Clara,  Hiram  a.  Davis,  Dem., 
17,915;  E.  A.  Hayes,  Rep.,  22,630.  Joseph 
Lawrence,  Soc. ,  2,343. 

VI.  Counties  of  Santa  Cruz,  Monlerej', San  Benito, 

Fresno,  Kinsrs.  Madera,  Merced,  Stanislaus, 
and  San  .Toaquin;  Harry  A.  Green,  Dem., 
12,868;  James  C.  Needbam,  Rep.,  18,928;  R. 
Kirk.,  Soc,  ,1,303.    H.  E.  Burbauk,  Pro. ,  964. 

VII.  County  of  Los  Angeles.  R.  G.  Laiiks,  Dem. , 
11,197;  James  McLacblan,  Rep.,  22,338. 
Claude  Riddle,  Soc,  3,641:  L.  1).  Johnson, 
Pro. ,  2,189. 

VIII.  Counties  of  San  liUis Obispo,  SantaBarbara, 
Ventura,  Kern,  Tulare,  In.vo,  San  Bernar- 
dino, Orange,  Riverside,  and  San  Diego. 
C.A.  Barlow,  Dem.  ,13,992;  S.  C.  Smith,Ren., 
24,548;    N.  A.  Richardson,  Soc,  4,003. 

PRESENT  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

(^'Ovornor.Jas.  N.  Gillett;  Licutenant-(4overnor 
AVarren  Porter;  Secretary  of  State,  C.  F.  Currv; 
Treasurer,  W.  N.  Williams;  Comptroller,  E.  P. 
Colgau;  Adjutant -General,  F.  ISIcCaughev:  At- 
torney-General, N.  S.  Webb;  SuperhUgndent  of 
Education, Ed.  Hyatt;  Com.  Insurance,  E.T\ryron 
Wolfe;  Com.  Lauds,  Kingsbury— all  Republicans, 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice.W.  H.  Beatty ;  As- 
sociate Justices,  T.  B.  McFarland,  Lucien  Shaw, 
F.  M.  Angellotti,  M.  C.  Sloss,  F.  W.  Henshaw, 
W.G.Lorigan— all  Republicans  except  Van  Dyke; 
Clerk,  Frank  L.  Caughey,  Republican. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,   1907. 

Senate.  House.  Joint  Ballot 

Republicans 27  57  84 

Democrats 6  4  10 

Ind.  League 11 

Independent 1  ..  I 

Labor  Union 18  18 

Republican  majority     20  34  54 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 

J)e)n.    Rep.  Amer.  JPro.      C-h\  Mai. 

1872.  Pres..  40,749    54.044     13,295  R 

1876.  P res..  76.464    79,264      2,800  R 

1880.  Pres..  80,472    80.370     3,404       *102  1) 

1884.  Pres..  89,288  102.416      ....     2,920    2,017  *13,lL'8  R 

1886.  Cov..   84.970    84,:^18    7,.'347    6,432  12,227  *652  D 

1888.  Pre.s..  117, 729  124.816    1.591    5,761      ....  *7,087  R 

1890.  GOV...117 ,184  125,12910.(173      *7,945  R 

J'op-  Ind. 

1892.  tPresll8.293  118,149  25,3.52    8,129      ...  *144  D 

1894.  (iov.. Ill, 944  11(>.7;W  51.304  10,.561      .      .  1,206  1) 

1894.  Sec...  86,443  126,54149,734    8,262    2,405  40,0.98  R 

N.  n. 

1896.  Pres..l43,373  146,170    2,006  2,573      ....  *2,797  R 

Sor.  L. 

1898.  Gov.  .129,261 148,354    5,143  4,297     ....  19,093  R 

■      Snr.  D. 

1900.  Pres..l24.985  164,755    7.554  5,024  ....  39,770 R 

1902.  (iov..l43,782  145,332    5.992  4.636  ....  1.5.50  H 

1904.  Pres.. 89,294  2*15,226  29,535  7,380  115,932  11 

1906.  (^ov.  117,590    12..589  16.030  8.141  ...  8,299  R 

•Plurality.  t8  Democratic  and  1  Republican 
electors  were  chosen. 


COLORADO. 


COCNTIES. 

(59.). 


Adams 

Arapahoe 

Archuleta 

Baca 

Bent 

Boulder 

Chalfee. 

Cheyenne 

Clear  Creek... 

Conejos 

Costilla 

Custer 

Delta 

Denver  

Dolores  

Douglas 

Eagle  

Elbert 

El  Paso 

Fremont 

(iarlield 

(^ilpiu 

Grand 

Gunnison.... 

Hinsdale 

Huerfano 

Je(fer.son 

Kiowa 

Kit  Carson.... 

Lake 

La  Plata 

Larimer 

Las  Animas.. 

Lincoln  

Logan 

Mesa , 

Mineral 

Montezuma  . 

Montro.se 

Morgan 

Otero 

Ouray 

Park 

Phillips 

Pitkin 

Prowers 

Pueblo 

Rio  Blanco.... 
llio  (irande.. 

Routt 

Saguache 

San  Juan 

San  Miguel.... 
Sedgwick . . . . 

Summit 

Teller 

Washington . 

Weld 

Yuma 

Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote 


Governor 

1906. 


Ad- 
ams, 
Dem. 

"938 

797 

389 

140 

453 

2,938 

1,459 

70 

1,090 

887 

369 

548 

880 

13,206 

115 

549 

537 

504 

3,.514 

2,703 

1,1:^7 

904 

349 

911 

179 

476 

1,501 

142 

230 

l.«04 

1,017 

2  682 

3,163 

169 

506 

1.627 

483 

528 

685 

432 

2,193 

937 

614 

225 

799 

581 

6,713 

4.38 

801 

88.^ 

731 

766 

558 

156 

6H7 

3,(?37 

190 

2,475 

533 


Buch- 

tel, 

Rep. 

~72b 

944 

453 

178 

606 

3,135 

1,014 

165 

970 

1,207 

978 

454 

1,007 

24,259 

65 

673 

534 

560 

5, .300 

2,581 

1,05:5 

931 

405 

797 

170 

2, .5:^0 

1,934 

140 

451 

2.176 

1,167 

1.944 

4,714 

219 

788 

2,033 

257 

324 

732 

822 

2,071 

518 

456 

324 

583 

956 

4,912 

315 

1,050 

890 

683 

489 

817 

326 

349 

3.20' 

323 

3,243 

773 


74,512  92,646 

..      18,1.34 

35 .47  J  45.45 


Liiid- 
sey, 
Ind. 


i:^5 

162 

233 

16 

117 

895 

199 

14 

159 

1,060 

64 

20 

387 

4,234 

19 

37 

77 

101 

1,086 

309 

208 

114 

57 

210 

24 

33 

220 

28 

31 

757 

301 

702 

186 

32 

72 

465 

104 

98 

664 

42 

456 

151 

45 

31 

192 

116 

836 

39 

161 

137 

27 

96 

132 

16 

76 

546 

50 

928 

63 

177640 


2, 066 
203.802 


8.75 


WOOd, 

Soc. 


77 
94 
38 
3 
16 

894 

391 
36 

159 
51 
39 
10 

520 

3,533 

41 

16 

136 

'871 

463 

202 

194 

H2 

357 

77 

31 

279 

9 

33 

444 

503 

3.34 

753 

14 

72 

717 

67 

109 

431 

243 

3.58 

214 

59 

10 

405 

155 

1, 123 

21 

35 

61 

99 

528 

2(tl 

3 

4 

2t)6 

19 

209 

160 

167938 
8.'65 


Pbbsidsnt, 

1904. 


Parker 
])em. 


1,041 

717 

857 

130 

416 

4,(«0 

1,601 

69 

1,2.52 

901 

506 

61 

1,046 

28.9.58 

167 

524 

625 

482 

5,281 

3.057 

1,286 

1,260 

266 

1,260 

239 

958 

1,739 

124 

219 

2,936 

1,458 

2,070 

4,486 

132 

486 

1,555 

575 

566 

922 

406 

2,225 

1,080 

669 

140 

1,120 

494 

6,966 

391 

690 

856 

697 

899 

797 

131 

569 

4,398 

191 

2  .555 

525 

100105 
4i;08 


K'ose- 

v.-lt. 

Rep. 

1,115 
1,351 

674 

203 

812 

5,487 

1,612 

145 

1,694 

2,018 

917 

587 

1,567 

32,667 

150 

792 

802 

768 

9,589 

3,533 

1,639 

1,311 

475 

1,348 

243 

2,7,33 

2,f»03 

180 

574 

3,026 

1,745 

4,138 

5,218 

323 

821 

2,783 

306 

526 

1,306 

1.136 

2,975 

916 

685 

444 

922 

1,175 

9,173 

552 

1,417 

1,384 

922 

708 

1,370 

347 

561 

5,595 

460 

4,828 

1,111 

134687 

34.582 

55.27 


20,905 
252,594 


For  Pre.sident  in   1904.    W.itsim,  Pop.,   received   824   votes; 
Corrig:in,  Soc.  L.,  335;  scattering,  8,901. 
]'"or  Governor  iu  1904:    Cbuiiibcrlain,  Pro.,  received  2,06t) 

vuies. 

VOTE  FOE   BEPEKSBNTAXrVKS  IN   CONGRESS,  1906. 

At  L!irg.=— Beford,  Dem.  76,792;  Cook,  Eep.,  102,426;  Miller, 
Soc,  12,66S,  Audrews,  Pro.,  4,326. 

Districts. 

I.  Counties  of  Arapahoe,  Boulder,  Jefferson,  Lake,  Larimer, 
Logan,  Morgan,  Park,  Phillips,  Sedgwicit,  Washinu'ton, 
Weld,  and  Yuma.  Tew,  Dem,  31,133  ;  Bonvnge,  Ki'p.i 
<7j649;  Twining,  Soc,  4,889;  Ev^ns,  2,039. 


jElection  Returns. 


703 


COLORADO— CW«^/u»a^ 


II.  Counties  of  Aicluiletsi,  Baca,  Bent,  ChatTee, 
Cheyenne.  Clear  Creek, Cunejos,Costilla,Cus- 
ter.  Delta,  Dolores,  Douglas,  Ka^le,  Elbert, 
El  Paso,  Fremont.  Oartield,  Gilpiu,  Grand, 
Gunnison,  Hinsdale,  Huerfano,  Kiowa,  Kit 
Carson,  La  Plata,  La.s  Auinias,  Lincoln,  Mesa, 
Montezuma,  Mineral,  Montrose,  Otero,  Ouray. 
Pitkiu,  Prowers,  Puelilo,  Ilio  Blanco,  Rio 
(Grande,  Koutt,  Saguache,  San  Juan,  San 
Miguel, and  Summit.  Bowman,  Dem.  ,46,883; 
Haggott.Rep.  54,869;  Ashbourue.Soc, 7,666; 
King,  Pro.,  1,903. 

PRESKNT  STATE   GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  Henry  A,  Buchtel,  Lieuteuant-Gov- 
ernor,  E.  R.  Harper;  Secretary  of  State,  Timothy 
O' Conner;  Treasurer,  Alfred   E.  Bent;   Auditor, 

George  D.  Statler;  Adjutant^General, 

;  Attorney-General.  Wm.  H,  Dickson; 

SuperintPiident    of     Education,     Kathariue     L. 
Craig— all  Republicaus, 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Robert  W. 
Steele,  Fus. ;  Justices,  John  Campbell,  Rep.; 
Luther  M.  (4oddard,  Rep.;  John  M.  Maxwell, 
Rep.;  Geo.  W.  Bailey;  Rep.  ;  Wm.  H.  Gabbert, 
Rep.;  Chas.  F.  Caswell;  Clerk,  H.  (i.  Clark,  Rep. 

ST.ATE   I.EGISL.A.TUKF.,  1907. 

Senate.  Jfouse.  Joint  Ballot. 

Democrats 11  16  26 

Republicans 24  49  73 


Republican  majority.    13  36 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE   SINCE  ITS 

JDem.     Rpp.      Gr. 
1876.    Governor.  .13,316    14,1.54 
1880.    President.. 24 ,647    27.4-50 
1884.    President.. 27 ,723    36,290 
1888.    Pre.sideut..37,.567    50,774 

i''i(.s/rtn.t 
1892.    President.. 53,585    38,620 

Fusion. 
1896.    President. 161.153    26,271 
1900.    Governor.121,995    93,245 
1900.    President.  122,733    93,072 


1.435 
1.958 


Pop. 


1904. 
1906. 


Sor. 

-.    4,304 

Governor.. 74,512  92.646  16,938 


President.  101, 103 134,687 


47 

ADMISSION. 

Pio.        3fai. 

838  R 
....  *2.803  R 
....     *8,567  R 

1,266  *13,207  R 

1,638  '14,964  F 

1,717  1.34,882  F 
3,786  28,750  F 
3,790    29,661  F 

3,438    34,-582  R 
....    18,1-34  R 


•  Plurality,  t  Fusion  of  Pops,  aud  Silver  Deuis. 
CONNECTICUT. 


Governor, 

PRESlnKNT, 

1W6. 

I'.'OO. 

C0UNTtK.S. 

(80 

I'h.iy- 

er, 
D.-in. 

13.492 

Wood- 
ruff, 
Kep. 

19, 070 

Hull, 

Soc. 

563 

OB'ieii 
I'ro. 

548 

Parker 

Uein. 

16,004 

lloose- 
Velt, 
Kep. 

Hartford 

23.865 

New  Haven. . . 

20,837 

24,8-38 

1,552 

283 

21.744 

31.663 

New  London. 

6,765 

8.056 

176 

162 

7,093 

10,385 

Fairfield 

15, 478 

18.616 

465 

o99 

15, 796 

23,490 

Windham  — 

2.474 

3,947 

44 

92 

2,833 

4,934 

Litchfield  ... 

4.053 

7,  200 

68 

190 

4,500 

8,797 

Middlesex  ... 

2.916 

4.260 

26 

96 

3,167 

4,991 

Tollaiid 

1,761 

2,397 

1?>3 

50 

1,772 

2,964 

Total 

67, 776 

88. 384 

2,932 

1.820 

72,909 

111089 

Plurality 

. . 

20, 608 

38.180 

Percent 

41.42 

54.00 

2.30 

1.50 

38.14 

58. 12 

Scattering 

281 

71,29 

Whole  vote. 

161,193 

191.127 

For  President  in  1904,  Watson,  Pop.,  received 
494;  Corrigau,  Soc.  Lab. ,  575;   scattering,  11  votes. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Robertson, 
Dem .,  79.164 ;  Roberts,  Rep. .  104,7.36 ;  Slieldon,  Pop., 
481;  Beard,  Pro.,  1,498;  Sweetlaud,  Soc,  4,390; 
Sullivan,  Soc.  Lab.  ,  562, 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGBE.SS,  1906. 

Districts. 

At  irtrf/e— Charles  J.  Donahue,  Dem.,  67,747; 
George  L.  Lilley,  Rep..  88,115;  B.  E.  Leavitt, 
Soc.,  2,940;  D.  N.  Griffin,  Pro. ,  1,689. 


CON  N  EOT  I C  UT— Qmtin  ucd. 


I.  Counties  of  Hartford  and  Toland,  B.  M. 
Holdon.  Dem.,  15,039;  E.  S.  Henry,  Rep, 21,- 
605;  Mcfntire,    Pro.,  561;  Beutter,Soc„  725. 

IT.  Counties  of  Middle.'^ex  and  New  Haven.  G.  M. 
Wallace,  Dem.,  23,7.57:  N.  D.  Sperry,  Rep., 
;  \Vis.sert,    Pro.,  350;  Bal)iii,  Soi'.,  1,551, 

III.  Counties   of    New    London   and   M'indham, 

Onier  La  Hue,  Dem.,  8,8:J3;  E.  W.  Higgins. 
Rep.,  12,391;  Bartholomew,  Pro.,  246;  Shel- 
don, Soc. ,  117. 

IV.  Counties  of  Fairfield  and  Litchfield.    Homer 

S.  Beers,  Dem.,  18,969;  E.  J.  Hill.  Rep.. 26. 484; 
Manchester,  Pro.,  482;  Peach, Soc, 481. 

PRESENT    STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  Rollin  S. Woodruff;  Lieutenant-  Gov- 
ernor, E.  J.  Lake;  Secretary  of  State,  Theo. 
Bodenweiu;  Treasurer,  Freeman  F.  Patten; 
Comptroller.  Thos.  D.  Brartstreet ;  Attorney-Gen- 
eral, Marcus  H.  Holcomb;  Adjutant-General, 
George  M.  Cole— all  Republicaus. 

JITDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Simeon  E.Bald- 
win, Dem.;  Associate  Justices.  S.  O.  Prentice, 
Rep.;  F.B.Hall.  Rep.;  John  M.  Thayer,  Dem.; 
Clerk,  George  A.  Conant. 

STATE    I.EGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate.  House.    Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 26  191  215 

Democrats 9  64  73 


Republican  majority.    17 


127 


1872. 
1876. 
1880. 

1884. 
1888. 


VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 

.-Lab.  Pro. 


Pres. 
Pres. 
Pres. 
Pres. 
Pres. 


Dem. 
45,866 
61.934 
64,415 
67,167 
74,920 


Bep.  Or 
50,626 
59,084 
67,071 
65,893 
74.584 


1892.  Pres....  82,395      77,030 


774 

868 
1,684 

240 
Pop 

806 


378 

409 

2,489 

4,234 


142 


Pin. 
4,760  R 
2,8.50  D 
2,656  R 
1,284  D 
336D 


1896. 
1898. 


Pres. 
Gov. 


56,740 
64,277 


110,285 
81,015 


JV^at.  Dnn. 


4,026      5,365 1> 


1900.  Pres....  73,997    102,567 


1902. 
19(!4 
1906. 


Gov.. 
Pres . 
Gov. 


69,330 

72,909 
67,776 


85,338 
111.089 

88,384 


4,334 

Sor'  h. 
1,029 
.Soc. 
2,804 
4,-543 
2,932 


1,8(18 
1 ,460 


53  545  R 

16,738  R 


1,617  28,570  R 


1,436 

1,-506 
1,820 


16,008  R 
38,180  R 
20,6u8  R 


DELAWARE. 


CoUNTIK.?. 
(3.) 


Kent 

Xew<:ustle, 
Sussex 


Total 

Pluralitj- 

Per  cent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


Pkesii>k.nt, 
lit04. 


Parker 
Dem. 


3,780 
11,170 


Uoose- 

veh, 

J^tj-p^ 

176"01 

13, 198 

5,915 


19,360  23.714 
4,354 


44. 12 


54.04 

197 

43.878 


6o: 

ti.83 


Pbesidk.nt, 

191U 


.Mc- 
ICiniev 

"37929 
10.640  13!  642 
4.362    4,968 


Bryan, 
Dem, 

37856 


18,858.22.529 
...     I  3,671 
44-92    .53.67 
595 
41,982 


For  President.  1904,  Debs, Soc, received  146  votes; 
Watson,  Pop., 46. 

The  vote  for  C4overnor  in  1904  was:  Pennewill, 
Dem..  19,780;  Lea,  Rep.^  22,-532;  Chandler,  Reg. 
Rep., 802.    Lea's  pluralitj-, 2,752. 

VOTE  FOB  REPRF.SENTATIVE    IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

The  total  vote  for  each  candidate  for  Conerresa, 
1906,  wa-s:  David  T.  .Marvel,  Dem.,  17  118;  Hiram 
R.  Burton,  Rep. ,  20,210;  Smith,  Pro., 767 ;  Houck. 
Soc,  149. 


704 


Election  Returns. 


DILLAW  MIE— Continued. 


PKKSKXT  STATE    GO  V KKN  M  KNT. 

Governor,  Preston  Lea;  Lieuteuuut-Goveruor, 
I.T.Parker;  Secretary  of  State,  Jos.  L.  Cahall; 
Treasurer,  Thos.  N.  Rawlins;  Auditor,  Thomas 
(',  Koe;  Attorney-General,  Robt  H.  Richards; 
Adjutant- General,  J,  P.  Wickershain;  Com- 
missioner ot  Insurance,  Geo.  W.  Marshall— all 
Republicans, 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court!  Ciiaucellor,  John  R.  Nichol- 
son, Dem.;  Chief  Justice,  Chas.  B.  Lore,  Dem. ; 
Associate  Justices,  Ignatius  C.  Gruhb,  Uem.  ; 
W.  C.  Spruance,  Rep.  ;  James  Pennewill,  Rej).  ; 
William  K.  Boyce,Dem.  ;  Clerk,  VValter  Pardoe, 
Rep. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate.    House.  Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 11  25  36 

Democrats 6  10  16 


Republican  majority. 


15 


VOTK  OF  THR  STATE  SINCE  1872. 

Dem. 

7.V7'-  N.n. 

P?o. 

1872. 

President . 

..10,206 

11,115    .... 



1876. 

President. 

.  .13,381 

10,740     .... 

.... 

1880. 

President. 

.15,183 

14,150    .... 

.... 

1884. 

President. 

.  .16,976 

13,053    ... 



1888. 

President. 

.  .16,414 

12,973    .... 

400 

1892. 

President. 

.  .18.581 

18,083    .... 

565 

1896. 

President.. 

.  .13,424 

16,804      877 

355 

Soc.  D. 

1900. 

Governor  . 

.  .18,808 

22,421        59 

584 

1900. 

President.. 

.  .18,858 

22,529       57 

533 

1902. 

Treasurer. 

.16,602 

20,705     .... 

575 

1904. 

President. 

.19.360 

23.714     .... 

007 

20 

Maj. 

909  R 
2,641  D 
1.033  D 
3.923  D 
Ptii 
3,441  D 

498  J) 
3,630  R 

3,613  R 
3.671  R 
4,103  R 
4,354  R 


FLORiT>X— Continued, 


FLORIDA. 


Counties. 
(45.) 


Alacl'ua 

Baker 

Bradford 

Brevard  

Calhoun •.. 

Citrus 

Clay 

Columbia 

Dade 

DeSoto 

Duval 

Escambia 

Franklin 

Gadsden  

Hamilton 

Hernando 

Hillsborough . 

Holmes 

Jackson 

Jerterson 

La  Fayette — 

Lake 

Lee . . . 

Leon 

Levy 

Liberty 

Madison 

Manatee 

Marion 

Monroe 

Nassau 

Orange.. . 

Osceola , 

Pasco 

Polk 

Putnam 

St.  John's.... 

Santa  Rosa  . . 

Sumter 

Suwanee 

Taylor 

Volusia 


Pkksuient, 
1904. 


Parker 
Dem. 


Roose- 
velt, 
liep. 


Wat- 
son, 
P,.p. 


1,277 
207 
553 
633 
162 
369 
247 
595 
887 
721 

2,011 

1,573 
336 
471 
455 
172 

1,976 
284 

1,186 
471 
275 
529 
266 
649 
426 
143 
595 
592 

1,(191 
680 
50H 
874 
271 
453 
869 
562 
550 
403 
316 
584 
168 
654 


543 

120 

125 

124 

160 
21 
50 

317 

307 

188 

671 

497 

144 
54 

155 
12 

516 

140 

354 

123 

122 

148 
84 
84 

151 
50 
66 
91 

230 
287 

161 

315 

65 

96 

125 

210 

204 

73 

61 

125 

119 

263 


Debs, 
Soc. 


PliK.^IDENT, 
1900. 


Bryan. 
Dem. 


45 

■  3 
15 

54 
10 

2 
43 
22 
76 
146 
23 

3 

7 

16 
11 
218 
331 
93! 

6 
17 
18 

21 

2 

17 

5 
5 
48 
62 
69 
30 
16 
5 
11 
16 
25 
67 
27 
68 
32 
26 
68 


58 

12 

30 

26 

21 

17 

26 

33 

59 

26 

235 

<6<a 

2 

4 

6 

6 

441 

16 

96 

9 

20 

33 

122 

4 

20 

3 

12 

124 

69 

75 

56 

42 

12 

10 

57 

16 

148 

46 

55 

29 

4 

70 


1,346 
198 
734 
513 
196 
413 
308 
663 
806 
526 

1.857 

1,435 
239 
684 
322 
252 

2,257 
339 
978 
711 
326 
49; 
278 
932 
383 
127 
510 
535 
,13; 
747 
441 
857 
266 
492 
983 
648 
764 
519 
343 
677 
1,013 
755 


Mc- 

Kiiiley 

Hep. 


Counties. 


Wakulla 

Walton.  

VVashington  . 

Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vole, 


pKKSlnKNT, 

1904. 


Parker 
Dem. 

"233 
354 
414 


Roose- 
velt, 
Kep. 

"  '39 
322 
202 

8,314 


27,046 
18.732 
69.82  21.47 


1,605 
4.11 


Debs, 
Soc. 


10 
44 
67 


2.337 
4.21 


Pkesidhnt. 
1900. 


Bryan, 

DclM. 

254 

382 
387 


'28,007 

20.693 

73.64 


7 
39.329 


Uc- 

Kinlcy 

Ut-p. 

~~10 
140 

287 


2,710 
38,031 


7,314 
19.23 


334 

112 

276 

121 

54 

15 

91 

252 

8b9 

128 

773 

348 

148 

39 

96 

20 

34-1 

64 

210 

117 

24 

143 

38 

160 


44 

63 

264 

254 

149 

402 

42 

35 

148 

250 

234 

80 

53 

153 

421 

255 


Vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Broward,  Dem., 

28,971  ;  McFarhiiie,  Rep.,  6,357;  Healy,  Pop.,  1.270. 

The  scattering  vote  for  President  in  1900  was  2,710. 

VOTE  FOK  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

Distrirta. 

I.  Taylo-,   I,a  Fayette.   T.evy,   Jlarion,  Citrus,  Sumter,  Her- 

nando. Pa-co.  Hilf.sb'"roiii;h,  VcAk,  Manatee,  De  Sols, 
Lee.  Monroe,  Lake.  S.  M.  Sparlunau,  Dem.,  6,212;  C. 
C.  Allen,  Soc,  967. 

II.  Ilamiltoji,  Suwanee,  Coltimbii,  Baker,  Bradford,  Nassau, 

Duval,  Clay,  Putnam,  St.  .John, Volusia,  Osceola,  Orange, 
Brevard,  Dade,  ftlacliua.  Frank  Clark,  Dem.,  8,79'i ; 
J.  F.  McClelland,  Soc,  1,109. 

III.  Escambia,    Santa    Kosa,    \ValtO!i,    Holmes,   Washington, 

Jackson,  C.ilhoun,  Franklin.  Liberty,  Gadsden,  Leon, 
Wakulla.  Jefferson,  Madison,  W.  B.  Lamar,  Dem., 
5,415  ;  .1.  B.  Meeker,  Soc,  384. 

PKKSKNT  .STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  Napoleon  B.  Broward;  Secretary  of 
State,  H.  C.  Crawford;  Treasurer,  W.  V.  Knott; 
Comptroller,  A.  C.  Croon;  Attorney-General, 
W.  H.  Ellis;  Auditor,  Ernest  Amos;  Adjutant- 
General,  J.  C.  R.  Foster;  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction,  W.  M.  Holloway;  Commis- 
sioner of  Agriculture,  B.  E.  McLiu— all  Demo- 
crats. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  .ru.stice,T.  M.  Shackelford, 
Associate  Justices,  W.  A.  Hoeker,  R.  F.Taylor, 
J.  B.  Whitetield,  Chas.  B.  Paikhill  and  R.  S. 
Cockrell;  Clerk.  Milton  II.  Mabry— all  Democrats. 

STATE   LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

The  Legislature  Is:  Senate,  Dems. ,  32;  House, 
Dems. ,  68;  Socialist,  1. 

VOTE  OP  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 
J\ZD. 


Dem. 

Hep. 

1872. 

President. 

.15,428 

17,765 

1S76. 

President. 

.24.440 

24,350 

1S80. 

President. 

.27,954 

23,6.54 

1H84. 

President. 

31.769 

28,031 

1888. 

President. 

.39,561 

26,657 

1892. 

President. 

.30.143 

4,843 

Z 

».  <t-  PO} 

.   7iV/). 

1896. 

President. 

.32,736 

11,288 

J)em. 

1000.  Governor.. 29,251  6.238 
1900.  President. 28,007  7,314 
1902.  Sec. State.. 16,428 


654 
Pop. 

631 
1,070 


Pro. 

Mai 

•  •  >  • 

2,337  R 

.... 

90  D 

>  •  >  . 

4,310  D 

3,738  D 

423 

*12,904D 

Pin. 

475 

25,300  D 

1,778 

21,444  D 

1904.  President.. 27,046       8,314   1,605 


1,039 
1,742 


23  013  D 

20  693  D 
16,428  D 

18,732  D 


•Plurality. 


GEORGIA. 


COUNTIBS. 


Appling. 

Bilker.. , 

lialdwin 

Banks.., 

Bartow  , 

Berrien. 

Bibb.... 

Brooks . 

Bryan... 

Bullock 

Burke.. 


PKICSI1>ENT, 

1904. 

Parker 

Roose- 
velt, 

Wat- 
son, 

Deni. 

Hep. 

Pop. 

354 

237 

98 

496 

16 

93 

637 

.       6^ 

12 

424 

204 

375 

791 

406 

121 

889 

68 

112 

2,117 

236 

21 

429 

102 

81 

259 

125 

71 

596 

54 

171 

667 

52 

42 

Peksioe.nt, 
litOO. 


J^lectioii  Iteturyis. 


705 


Q¥.()K(i\  A.—Coniinaed. 


Coontik.s- 


Butts 

Calhoun 

Canideu 

Campbell 

Carroll 

Catoosa 

Charlton 

Chatham 

Chattaho'ch'o 
Chattooga  — 

Cherokee 

Clarke  

Clay 

Clayton 

Clinch 

Cobb 

Coffee 

Columbia 

Colquitt 

Coweta 

Crawford 

Dade 

Dawson 

Decatur 

DeXalb....... 

Dodge 

Dooly 

Dougherty 

Douglas 

Early 

Echols 

Effingham... 

Elbert 

Emmanuel.... 

Fannin 

Fayette 

Floyd 

For-syth 

Franklii* 

Fulton 

Gilmer 

Glascock 

Glynn 

Gordon  

Greene 

Gwinnett 

llabersham.. . 

Hall 

Hancock 

Haralson 

Harris 

Hart .......... 

Heard 

Henry 

Houston 

Irwin   

Jackson  

Jasper 

.Jelferson   

Jolmson 

Jones 

Laurens 

Lee 

Liberty 

Tjincoln 

TiOwudes 

TiUmpkin 

JIacon  

INIadison 

7>Iarion 

IMcUuflie 

Mcintosh 

]Meriwether. .. 

Miller 

ISIilton 

IMitcliell 

ISfouroe 

IMuntgonaery. 

iMwgan 

Murray 

]Mnscogee 

J>}e\vtou...... 


I'RrSIDKNT. 


Parkt-rl 


rRESiDEsr,    1900. 


531 

369 
380 
308 

1,187 
256 
207 

2,645 
107 
472 
622 
773 
270 
333 
285 

1,170 
571 
189 
446 

1,072 
314 
217 
207 
996 
815 
678 

1,050 
462 
231 
466 
159 
370 
878 
519 
456 
260 

1,799 
455 
48(5 

5,781 
650 
117 
701 
525 
451 

1,219 
681 

1,204 
482 
349 
649 
452 
368 
461 
736 
658 
964 
613 
379 
257 
498 
878 
285 
242 
195 
888 
52.-. 
465 
733 
24 
196 
144 
765 
174 
263 
511 
278 
693 
316 
270 

1,522 

y2« 


80 

19 

321 

4(1 

400 

120 

31 

363 

62 

378 

242 

118 

47 

59 

144 

220 

267 

2 

62 

160 

4 

37 

260 

182 

219 

98 

107 

49 

133 

12 

12 

47 

6 

'  94 

504 

59 

478 

357 

207 

1,766 

617 

11 

316 

323 

201 

132 

183 

195 

31 

477 

80 

93 

14 

64 

78 

342 

33 

59 

489 

59 

29 

390 

63 

245 

289 
2.53 
180 

49 

51 
4 
2 

98 

1 

248 

1.35 

21 
341 

67 
252 
164 
354 


6 

24 

80 

342 

114 

116 

169 

23 

316 

64 

138 

2116 

49 

48 

40 

67 

130 

130 

16 

118 

'279 
214 

"54 

167 
388 
57 
14/ 
192 
248 
453 
240 

'280 

32 

192 

252 

843 

,325 

795 

124 

336 

91 

223 

86 

229 

19 

82 

1,233 

58 

121 

357 

36 

27 

113 

141 

163 

34 

53 

82 

1,54 

153 

283 

190 

253 

118 

1.58 

155 

196 

11.; 

44 

86 
6 


1,270 
399 
Vc)^ 

3,352 
114 
601 
535 
672 
271 
346 
290 

1,156 
402 
215 
310 

1,063 
344 
235 
224 

1,007 
756 
541 
720 
360 
345 
355 
130 
387 
782 
513 
533 
471 

1,450 
318 
530 

5. 075 
502 
157 
674 
637 
493 

l,0o2 
589 
880 
526 
458 
6.36 
639 
548 
639 
798 
700 
836 
630 
894 
276 
408 
942 
269 
218 
173 
444 
410 
464 
754 
280 
178 
259 
734 
183 
308 
465 
810 
608 
484 
361 

1, 245 
790 


104 

9 
210 
233 
697 
144 

64 
916 
117 
440 
550 
199 

81 
179 
203 
311 
614 

42 
217 
232 

30 

73 
194 
260 
216 
211 
3 

29 
300 

42 

38 

65 

444 

367 
141 
638 
270 
176 
,676 
493 

62 
254 
504 
303 
373 
218 
262 

16 
666 
422 
185 

32 
378 

81 
583 
477 

32 
128 
321 
166 
395 
149 
304 
4 
277 
308 
182 

66 
116 
289 
211 
234 

19 
116 
274 

92 
232 
222 
360 

272 

294 


Barher 
JI  li. 
I'op. 

20 
13 
64 


8 
1 

A 

16 
19 


26 

27 

'  "70 

"  4 
2 
6 

17 

21 

1 

102 

46 
3 

22 

"77 
41 


33 
111 

"17 

31 

38 

297 

8 

"10 

6 

48 

7 

200 

32 

31 

3 

61 

47 

29 

2 

51 

4 

2 

302 

6 

9 

50 

9 

152 

37 

28 

5 

"24 

9 

31 

"I8 
31 

29 


G  KOKCjlK—Ckmlhrned. 


President, 

1901. 

PilK- 

IDKNT, 

1900. 

Counties. 

Parker 
Dein. 

UoOSf- 

v,lt, 
Kep. 

Wat- 
son, 
Pop. 

Bry:in, 
Dem. 

Mc- 

Kiiiley 

Hep. 

Barker 
M.U. 
Pop. 

Oconee 

198 

99 

245 

251 

148 

93 

Oglethorpe  . . . 

720 

6 

106 

625 

20 

9 

Paulding 

402 

341 

479 

496 

609 

215 

Pickens 

347 

810 

81 

295 

599 

6 

Pierce 

354 

73 

77 

267 

290 

10 

Pike 

662 

92 

214 

759 

16^ 

20 

Polk 

653 

605 

689 
29 

174 
54 

490 
631 

1,019 
26 

21 

Pulaski 

8 

Putnam 

550 

3 

16 

331 

8 

,  , 

Quitman 

119 

35 

17 

173 

84 

2 

Rat)un 

353 

131 

7 

244 

70 

Randolph 

551 

87 

68 

602 

108 

19 

Richmond 

1,706 

169 

752 

2,045 

215 

29 

Rockdale 

434 

133 

124 

393 

184 

52 

Schley 

•HZ 

35 

64 

221 

163 

44 

Screven 

430 

25 

210 

488 

376 

133 

Spalding 

925 

112 

8 

782 

82 

Stewart 

429 

1.55 

80 

471 

170 

7 

Sumter 

918 

159 

41 

780 

216 

8 

Talbot 

493 

74 

26 

405 

107 

11 

Taliaferro 

377 

184 

131 

216 

100 

60 

Tattnall 

621 

171 

350 

738 

611 

106 

Taylor 

409 

63 

170 

298 

79 

4 

Telfair 

739 
630 

50 

77 

18 
67 

568 
679 

122 
213 

Terrell 

25 

Thomas 

862 

374 

357 

1,146 

432 

19 

Towns 

338 
892 

411 

20 

'220 

295 

837 

326 
60 

4 

Troup  

29 

Twiggs 

378 

30 

19 

321 

56 

Union 

419 

466 

87 

417 

397 

5 

Upson 

468 

77 

280 

468 

133 

173 

Walker 

864 

501 

71 

752 

566 

43 

Walton  „ 

870 

240 

370 

836 

385 

108 

Ware 

635 

158 

4 

601 

107 

Warren 

220 

68 

221 

317 

230 

13 

Washington  . 

975 

195 

530 

720 

282 

82 

Wayne 

417 

89 

54 

363 

213 

20 

Web.ster 

163 

53 

85 

204 

66 

1 

White 

297 

179 

218 

191 

100 

21 

Whitfield 

569 

427 

217 

587 

412 

106 

Wilco.\- 

591 

194 

39 

407 

228 

Wilkes 

622 

6 

198 

581 

4 

57 

Wilkinson 

534 

37 

90 

422 

184 

10 

Worth ....   :. . 

520 

572 

241 

599 

430 

20 

Total.  

83,472 

24,003 

22,635 

81,700 

35,035 

4,584 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

59,469 
64.40 

18^47 

17.12 

46. 665 
66.57 

28  .'55 

3.'73 

Scattering •  1,042  l.C?*! 

Wliolevoto.  .;L.198  '  122.715 


15 
73 

18 


The  vote  for  Governor  in  1906,  was  Hoke  Smith, 
Dem.,  94,223;  Osborne,  Soc. ,  98. 

For  President  in  1904,  Debs,  Soc,  received  197; 
Swallow,  Pro.,  845  votes. 

For  President  in  1900,  Woolley,  Pro.,  received 
1,396  votes. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Terrell, Dem., 
67,523.    No  opposition. 

VOTl':  h-OlX  UliPKKSKNTATlVKS  IX  CONtJRKSS,  1906. 

Districts. 

r.  Counties  of  Bryan,  Bullock,  Burke,  Chatham, 
Kflingham,  Emmanuel,  Liberty,  Mclnt^)sh, 
Screven,  and  Tattnall.  Charles  G.  Kdwards, 
Dem.  ,4,964;  D.ii.  Rigdou,  Rep.,  429. 

11.  Counties  of  Baker,  Berrien,  Calhoun,  Clay, 
Colquitt.  Decatur,  Dougherty,  Earlv,  ISIil- 
ler,  Mitchell,  Quitman,  Randolph,  Terrell, 
Thomas,  and  Worth.  Janu-s  M.  Griggs 
Dem.  ,3,425. 

11  r.  Counties  of  Crawford,  Dooly,  Houston,  Lee 
Macon.  Pula.>^ki,    Schley,   Stewart,   Snniler, 
Taylor, Twiggs,  Web.ster, and  Wilcox.  ElijuU 
I^e  wis,  Dem. ,  §,386, 


706 


JEleetion   Heturns. 


GEOB.GIK—Uontinual. 


IrV.  Counties  of  Carrol),  Chattahoochee,  Coweta, 
Harris,  Heard,  Marion,  Meriwealher,  Mus- 
cogee, Talbot,  and  Troup.  W.  C.  Adamsoh, 
Dem  ,  2,705. 

V.  Counties  of  Campbell,  Clayton, De  Kalb,  Doug- 

las, Fulton,  >.'e\vton,  Rockdale,  and  Wailou. 
L.eouidas  V.    IJvingston,   JJeni.,  3,030. 

VI.  Counties  of  Baldwin,  Bibb,    Butts,   Faj'ette, 

Henry,  Jones,  3Ionroe,  Pike,  Spalding,  and 
L'pson.  Chester  L.  Bartlett,   J^era.,  3,374. 

VII.  Counties  of  Bartow,  Catoosa,  Chattooga, 
Cobb,  Dade,  Floyd,  Gordon,  Haralson,  Mur- 
ra.v.  Paulding,  Polk,  Walker,  and  Whitfield. 
Gordon  Lee," Dem.,  3,132. 

VIII.  Counties  of  Clark,  Elbert,  Franklin, Greene, 
Hart,  .Jasper,  Madison,  ]Mori!an,  Oconee, 
Oglethorpe,  Putnam,  and  Wilkes.  W.  M. 
Howard,  Dem.,  2,216. 

IX.  Counties  of  Banks,  Cherokee,  Dawson,  Fan- 

nin, Forsyth,  Gilmer,  Gwinnett,  Habersham, 
Hall,  Jackson,  Lumpkin,  Milton,  Pickens, 
Rabun,  Towns,  rniou,aud  White.  Thomas 
M.  Bell,   Dem.,  3,113. 

X.  Counties   of    Columbia,    G]a.scook,    Hancock, 

JelTerson,  riiucoln,  McDnfTie,  Richmond, Tal- 
iaferro, Warren,  Washington,  and  Wilkin- 
son.    Thomas  W.   Hardwick,   Dem.,  1,743. 

XI.  Counties  of  Appling,  Brooks,  Camden,  Charl- 

ton. Cilinch,  Coffee,  Dodge,  Kchols,  Glyun, 
Irwin,  Johnson,  Laurens,  Downde.s,  Mout- 
goinf»rv.  Pierce,  Telfair,  Wayue,  and  Ware. 
W.  G.  Brantley,  Dem.,  2,748. 


PRESENT  .STATK  OOVKRNMKNT. 

Governor,  .Joseph  M.Terrell:  Secretary  of  State 
and  ex-otlicio  Com.  of  Public  Lands.  Philip  Cook; 
Treasurer,  R.  E.  Park;  Comptroller  and  ex-otlicio 
Com.  of  rnsuranct^,  W.  A.  Wright;  Adjutant- 
(leneral.Sam.  W.Harris;  Attorney-General.  John 
C  Hart  ;  State  School  Commissioner.  W.  B. 
-Merritt;  Coinmissioner  of  Agriculture,  Tho3.-G. 
Hudson— all  Democrats. 


JLiniCIARY. 

Suureme  Court:  C^lief  Justice,  "Wra.  H.  Fish; 
As.sdciate  Ju.stices.  Andrew  J.  Cobb.  J.  H.  Lump- 
kin, M.W.  Heck.  Beverly  D.  Evans  and  Samuel  C. 
Atkinson;  Clerk,  Z.  D.  Harrison— all  Democrats. 


STATE  LEGISLATUBK,  1907. 

Senate.    House.    Joint  Ballot. 

Democrats 47  163  210 

Kepublicaus 2  2 


Democratic  majority  47 


161 


208 


VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 

J)  fill.      Ffp.     Pro. 

1872.  President". 76,278   62,715     .... 

1876.  President 130,088    50,416     .... 

1880.  President 102,470    54,086     .... 

1884.  President 94,567    47,603       168 

1888.  President 100,499    40,496    1,808 

Deal.      Rep.      Pop.     J'ra. 
1892.  President   129,361    48,305     42,9.37    988 
Dnn.    Rfp.yal.D.  I'np.  Pro. 

1896.  Gov' nor.120,827      85,832   ....* 

1896.  Presid't.  94,232  60,091  2  708    ....    5,613 

1898.  C40V' nor  118  557  51,580    

1900.  Gov' nor  90,448      23,235    ....' 

1900.  Presid't   81,700  35,035    ....    4,;V<4  1.3.ct6 

1902.  (ioV  nor  81,548     5,-566    * 

1904.  Presid't  88,3.31  25,335    ....   23  490   .... 

Sor. 
1906.  Gov' nor  94,223 .„^^    •■••■    ■•• 

*  Afftioritj', 


IDAHO. 


13,563  D 
79.642  D 
48.384  D 
46.96-t  D 
60.203  I) 
Pin. 
81,056  D 
,  J'ln. 

34.995  D 
34.141  D 
66,977  \) 
'67,213  D 
46.665  1) 
75,982  I) 

62.996  1) 

94.125  D 


Counties. 
(21.) 


Ada 

Bannock 

Bear  Lake  . . . 
Bingham.  ... 

Blaine 

Boise , 

Canj'ou 

Cassia 

Custer 

Elmore 

Fremont , 

Idaho 

Kootenai 

Latah , 

r.,emhi 

Lincoln 

Xez  Perce 

Oneida 

Owyhee 

Shoshone 

Washington... 

Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vole. 


(ioVtR.NOE 

1906. 

Stock- 

Good- 

Lut- 

ICel- 

slajrer, 

in^r. 

trell. 

I'.-y. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Pro. 

Soc. 

3,116 

2,600 

203 

266 

1,421 

2,373 

8 

128 

209 

1,915 

1 

19 

1,411 

2,994 

33 

266 

1,056 

997 

18 

111 

981 

601 

p 

125 

2,750 

2,146 

180 

251 

1,164 

1,478 

26 

159 

743 

294 

4 

39 

754 

404 

7 

124 

1,223 

4,841 

22 

596 

1,760 

1,750 

27 

188 

2,85.S 

2,947 

108 

686 

1.268 

2,596 

194 

252 

787 

655 

4 

15 

764 

691 

5 

156 

2,097 

2,953 

L35 

430 

385 

2,892 

15 

79 

665 

356 

3 

82 

2,162 

1.997 

16 

445 

1,922 

906 

19 

2:33 

29,496 

38,386 
8,  ^90 

1,037 

4,650 

40.12 

52.14 

i.93 

5.81 

73,519 

President, 
1904. 

i>„  1  ...  Koose- 

^^°»-  i  U,  p. 

1.466  4,53fi 

1.06;{  2.826 

im  1  5;38 

890  3.186 


..      29.303 
25.33  65. 85 
6,315 
72.578 


received 


M.  R.  Hattabangh,  Dem.,  23,818;  Burton  T,. 
Yench,  Rep.,  42,134;  E.  L.  Rigs,  Soc. .  4.834 ;  C  A. 
lontandon,  Pro. ,  1,129.  French's  plurality,  18,326. 


VOTE   FOR   REPKKSENT.ATIVE    IX   CONG  RKS8,  1906. 
M. 

Freii  _    ,    ._, 
Montandon, 

PRESENT   STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  Frank  R.  (lOodiug;  Lieutenant- 
Governor.  Ezra  A.  Bnrell;  Secretary  of  ."^tatc. 
Robert  Lansdon;  Treasurer,  Charles  A.  Hastlnyrs; 
Auditor,  Robert  S.  Bragaw;  Attorney-General, 
John  J.  Gnheen;  Superintendent  of  Education, 
S.  Belle  Chamberlain;  Inspector  of  Mines,  R. 
N.  Bell ;  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, S. 
Belle  Chamberlain— all  Reputlicans. 

JITDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  James  F.  Ailshie, 
Rep. ;  Associate  Justices,  Isaac  N.  Sullivan,  Rep. ; 
George  H.  Stewart,  Rep. ;  Clerk,  1.  W.  Hart, 
Rep. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,    1907. 

Senate.    House.    Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 15  .39  54 

Dem.-Fus 6 


Republican  majority.  9 


12 


27 


18 
36 


VOTE  OF  THETEKHITORV  AND  STATE  SINCE  1880. 

J)fia.       Prp. 

Miii. 

1880. 

Congress.. . 

.    3.604      2,090 

....             .... 

i,.5i4  n 

1884. 

Congress.. . 

.     1,547          741 

....             .... 

786  1) 

1888. 

Congress  . . 

6.4(»4      9,609 

••*.             •..• 

3,203  11 

1890. 

Governor  . 

7,948    10,262 

Pro.     Pop. 

2,314  R 
Phi. 

1892. 

President  . 

8.599 

288    10,520 

1,921  P 

1892. 

(Governor.. 

.    6,769      8,178 

264      4,865 

l,4i'9  R 

1894. 

Governor. . 

.     7.057    10.208 

....      7,121 

3,J87  li 

Pfi)l.      Hi  p. 

Jh-n.  I'op. 

J'ln. 

1896. 

Presidput.. 

.  23,192    6,324 

179    .... 

16.868  D 

1S98. 

(Governor.. 

.  19.407  13,794 

1.175    .... 

5,613  F 

19(iO. 

Governor.. 

.  28,628  26.466 

l.O.il    .... 

2  "27  F 

1900. 

President.. 

.  29,414  29,997 

857     213 

Soc. 

2  216  1) 

1902. 

Governor. . 

.  26,021  31,874 

6.36  1,737 

5.833  R 

1904. 

President... 

.  18,480  47,783 

1,013  4,949 

29,303  R 

],JW6. 

GrPverHor.. 

.  89,49§  38,386 

1,037  4.660 

8,8?yft 

Election  lleturiiS. 


707 


tLLINOIS. 


COUSTIIS. 

(lOv.) 


Adams 

Alexander.. . 

Bond 

J>oone 

Brown 

Bureau 

C'allioiin 

Carroll  

(  ass    

C'liampaigu  . 

Christian 

Clark  

Clay 

Climon 

Coles 

Cook 

Crawford 

Cumberland 

DeKalb 

De  Witt 

Douglas 

Dn  Page 

J^dgar 

Edwards 

Bffingham. . . 

Fayette 

Ford 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Gallatin 

Greene 

Grundy 

•  Hamilton 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henderson  . . 

Jlenry  

1  rogubis 

Jackson  .  ... 

Jasper 

Jetterson 

Jersey 

Jo  Daviess .  . 

Johnson  

Kane 

Kankakee  .. . 

Kendall 

Knox 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Lawrence 

Lee 

Livingston  . 

Logan  

Macon 

i\Iacoupin  ... 

ivradison 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mason 

Massac 

McDonough. 

McHenry 

McLean 

Menard 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

^forgan  

Moultrie 

Ogle 

Peoria 

Perry 

Piatt 

Pike 

Pope 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph  . . . 
Bichland.. ... 


State  Trea«., 
190-). 


Piot- 

^.Uh 

1.060 

i,l»5 

8U 

1.217 

1,147 

8::3 

594 

1,5:>4 

1.  9i»l 
l.fitis? 
2,233 
3.096 
83, 772 
1.792 
1.224 
478 

97 

814 
2,995 

303 
2,140 
2,592 

699 
1,805 
3.423 
1,262 
1,428 

671 

999 
3,073 

652 

562 
2. 124 
1, 523 
1,^12 
1,744 
2,671 
1.585 
L845 

569 
2.233 
1,326 

195 
1.089 

940 
6. 098 
1,388 
1,903 
1,716 
2,. 530 
2, 337 
3.945 
3.943 
2,699 
1,607 
1,416 

291 
2,716 

370 
3,414 
1,186 
1,039 
1.408 
2,667 
1,999 
1 ,052 
1.140 
5,  535 
1,303 

978 
2,735 

412 

417 

345 
2,325 
1,284 


Pkbsident, 

1904. 


Sniul- 

5, 144 1 

2.6091 

l,633i 

784^ 

5321 

2,8/3; 

686] 

2,162| 

1.09") 

4,248 

2,013 

2.063 

2. 063 

1,632 

3. 514 

156048 

1,997 

1,045 

2,911 

1.390 
2,872 
3,07r 

867! 
1,343! 
2.404 
1,703 
1,912 
3,831 

998 

700 
2,360 

979 
2,897 

710 
1,200 
4.247 
3,266 
2.759 
1.453 
2, 8^2 
1,2.39 
2,699 
1,069 
7,176 
4.335 
1,316 
4,0>59 
4.139 
8,073 
1,337 
3.395 
3,338 
2, 365 
3.968 
3.631 
6,427 
2,818 
1,573 

830 
1.124 
3.224 
2.6il 
4,225 
l,Oi)0 
1.859 
1.518 
2, 5.")5 
1, 636 

957 
3,692 
7,450 
1, 765 
1,683 
2.279 
1,131 
1,564 

563 
2.626 


Parker 
Dein. 

6,149 

1.6r;6 
1,210 
30:: 
1,341 
1,917 
815 
691 
1.906 
3.754 
3,297 
2,271 
1.935 
2. 153 
3.435 
103762 
1,850 
1.644 
1.137 
1 

1,685 
1,40 
3,443 
595 
2,303 
2,650 
926 
1,801 
3.  791 
1,540 
2,649 
841 
2.049 
3,456 
642 
708 
1,390 
2,376 
2,350 
2.024 
2, 462 
1,713 
1,598 
980 
2,799 
1,652 
423 
1,849 
1,592 
5,628 
L712 
1,604 
2,785 
3,005 
2,9.52 
4,336 
5,429 
2.490 
1.545 
1.806 
589 
2,  730 
1,309 
4.149 
1.506 
1.386 
1,440 
3.181 
3.343 
1.470 
1.209 
5,697 
1,466 

3,112 

676 

792 

S55 

2,518 

1,6<.)4 


Uo'  se- 
velt. 
Hep. 

7. -277 
3, 203 
2. 055 
3,036 

934 
5,624 

730 
3,128 
1,827 
6.954 
3.856 
2,886 
2.408 
1.848 
4.901 
229848 
2.296 
1,857 
5,957 
2,771 
2.518 
4,078 
3,753 
1,610 
1.863 
3,253 
2.836 
2.077 
6.373 
1,401 
1,959 
3,448 
1.894 
3,887 

756 
1.668 

7,3;^1 

5,067 
3,984 
1,889 

3,063 
1,531 
3,388 
2,164 

12,638 
6. 162 
2,120 
7,566 
6.635 

11,967 
1,969 
4,634 
6,018 
3,626 
6,284 
4.796 
9,  009 
3,190 
2,190 
1,798 
2.078 
4,041 
5,409 
8, 772 
1.705 
3,230 
1  622 
3,489 
4,248 
1,719 
5  109 

11,868 
2,451 
2.515 
3.007 
1,744 
2,180 
753 
3.238 
1,778 


Swal- 

lilU  , 

402 
67 
333 
129 
120 
482 
154 
170 
120 
545 
406 
258 
119 
86 
270 
5,290 
245 
15 
355 
228 
35 
352 
196 
170 
141 
313 
164 
218 
496 
170 
229 
167 
160 
393 
129 
139 
429 
457 
458 
230 
286 
116 
191 
112 
511 
216 
129 
.337 
172 
389 
193 
293 
497 
243 
371 
468 
306 
522 
86 
294 
103 
426 
223 
1,114 
166 
249 
23 
369 
385 
176 
418 
303 
416 
97 
351 
99 
94 
37 
296 


Debs, 

.Soc. 

~923 

103 

70 

109 

21 

632 

1 

97 

12 

71 

238 

22 

19 

165 

169 

47,743 

14 

6 

191 

49 

19 

126 

42 

15 

30 

27 

41 

38 

469 

3 

15 

384 

28 

85 

7 

16 

574 

164 

246 

6 

41 

5 

171 

28 

657 

168 

12 

411 

132 

940 

4 

76 

123 

156 

346 

427 

903 

261 

82 

60 

1 

64 

41 

846 

16 

144 

2 

194 

156 

7 

45 

1,075 

221 

10 

185 

2 

10 

8 

122 

67 


ILLINOIS-Con/'in?M'<i. 


COIJNTIKS. 


Rock  Island 
Saline 


Sangamon. 


Schnyler. 

Scott 

Shelby 

Stark  

St.  Clair 

St<»phenson  . 
Tazewell  .   .. 

Union 

Vermilion  .. . 

^Vabash  

Warren 

Washington. 

Wayne 

White 

WIiite.side.. . 

Will 

Williamson  . 
Winnebago  . 
Woodford... . 


Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering..   . 

Whole  vote. 


State  Tkeas,, 
1906. 


Piot- 
r.iwski 
l>ein, 

2,768 
1,615 
6,064 
1,481 
1,  0.55 
2.492 
.503 

.3,175 
.3, 016 
1,463 1 
1,921 
1,255 
1,802 
1,377 
1,643 
1,830 

922 
3,  .532 
1,892 

757 
1,811 


Smul- 
9ki. 
llt-l.. 

5,771 
2,071 

4,848 

198 

793 

1,667 

1,135 

3,"667 
2,828 
1.102 
6,924 
1, 138 
2,489 
2,002 
1,829 
1,  673 
2.986 
7.5.53 
2,755 
3. 380 
1,706 


President, 
1904. 


Parker 

2;i56i 

1.758 
7,578 
1.682 
1.2.36 
2,962 
574 
8,200 
3. 275 
3.2,55 
1,967 
3.620 
1,.300 
1 .  559 
1,504 
2.416 
2,774: 
1,546 
3,191 
1.996 

1,1(1 

1,908. 


..      145560 
33.02    50.69 
1.34,1.56 

823,684 


Kodse- 

Sw.al- 

v.-lt. 

low. 

Kep. 

Pr... 

8,152 

265 

2,735 

231 

10.638 

818 

1, 636 

262 

1.163 

110 

3,220 

598 

1.764 

96 

11.926 

288 

4,876 

2;^7 

4,051 

278 

1 ,  537 

315 

11.179 

1, 122 

1, 298 

288 

3, 5t.3 

334 

2.374 

130 

3,078 

288 

2,515 

215 

6,636 

5:32 

10, 001 

272 

4,044 

396 

8.143 

825 

.  2,371 

237 

632645 

34,770, 

305039 

•■ 

58.76 

3.131 

30.43. 

12  253 

1,076"  499 


Deb«, 

8..C. 

2,422 

29 

637 

12 

8 

3y 

27 

7.-8 

193 

1(.8 

21 

761 

lo 

.•?16 

116 

18 

49 

149 

1.199 

363 

666 

79 


6.43 


For  State  Treasurer  in  1906.  Allin,  Pro.  .received 
88,393  votes;  McDermott,  Soc. ,  42,002;  Francis, 
Soc.  L. ,  8,757. 

For  President  in  1904,  Corrigan,  Soc.  L.,  4,698; 
Watson,  Pop.,  6,725;  Holconib,  Gout.,  830. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Stnrger, 
Dem.,  334,880;  Deneen,  Rep.,  634,029;  Patton, 
Pro.,  35.390;  Collins,  Soc.  Denj.,  59,062;  Veal,  Soc. 
L.,  4,379;  Hogan,  Peo.,  4,364;  Speht,  Cont,,  780. 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IX  CONGRESS,  1906. 

Districts. 

I.  Countj'of  Cook.  Martin  Fmerich,  Dem. ,  10,015; 
]Nr.  B.  Madden,  Rep.,  17,015;  A..Orelup,  Pro., 
251;  J.  H.  Greer,  Soc. ,  1.402. 

XL  Countvof  Cook.  H.  J.  Freidman,  Dem., 8,565; 
J.  R.  Mann,  Rep., 20,660;  1».  J.  Peterson,  P.  A. , 
315;  B.  Berlyn,  Soc. ,  3,0.32. 

III.  County  of  Cook.    Paul  A..  Dratz,  Dem., 6,569; 

W.  W.  Wilson,  Rep.  ,14,130;  J.  A.  Prout,  Soc. , 
2,457;  W.  C.  Stone,  I.  L. ,  4,775. 

IV.  Countvof  Cook.   James  T.McDermo'.t,Dem., 

9,975;*  Chas.  S.  Wharton,  Rep.,  8,377;  J.  R. 
Clegg,  Pro.  ,192;  J.  McCarthy,  Soc,  2,869. 

V.  Countv  of  Cook.    Adolpli  J.  Sahath,  Dem. ,9,545; 

Antiionv  Michalek,  Hep.,  8,634;  C.  C.  GrafY", 
Pro.,  177;  Joseph  Krall,  Soc. ,  2,373. 

VI.  Countv  of  Cook.    Edmund  J.   Stark,  Dem., 
"  10,734;    William  Lorimer,  Rep. ,  18,1.53;  E.  E. 

Blake,  1,794;  W.  F.  Higgin.s,  Soc,  2.082. 

VII.  County  of  Cook.  Frank  Buchanan,  Dem., 
11.383;  Philip  Knopf,  Rep.,  18,-595;  E.  H. 
Parkinson,  Pro.  ,704;  George  Koop, Soc.  ,5,587. 

VIII.  County  of  Cook.  Stanley  H.Kunz,  Dem  , 
11,336;  Chas.  jNfcGavin,  Rep.,  11,421;  J.  .S. 
Smiley,  Soc, 2,664;  A.Prei.ss,!  L.,  3,128. 

IX.  Countv  of  Cook.    A.  J.  Donoghue, Dem., 8,504; 

H.  S.' Boutell,  Re().,  15,316;  W.  A.  Aldrich. 
Pro.,  247;  C.H.  Breckon,Soc.,  2,592;  John  M. 
Vail,  I.  I^.,  3,607. 

X.  Counties  of  Cook  (part)  and  Lake.    Charles  L. 

Young,  Dem.  ,7.598;  Geo.  E.  Foss.  Rep..  18,886; 
M.C.  Harper,  Pro.,  862;  L.  W.  Hardy,  Soc, 
2,777. 

XI.  Counties  of  Du  Page,  Kane,  McHenry,  and 

Will.  B.  P.  Alsciiuler,  Dem.,  9,104;  H.  M. 
Knapp.Rep.,  18,569;  George  McGiniilss,  Pro., 
2,261 ;  J.  H.  Brower,  Soc.  ,730.  ., 


708 


■  Election  Returns. 


1 LLINOIS— Cb3i<i?iiterf. 


XII.  Coimtiesof  Boone,  ])e  Kalb,  Gniiidy,  Keu- 
dall,  La  Salle,  and  Whinfbago,  Chas.  K 
yu'.ler,  Rep.,  19,468;  V.  .1.  Clark,  Pro.  ,1,71:J; 

A.  A.  Pattenson,  iSoc,  1,234. 

XIII.  Counties  of  Carroll,  Jo  Daviess,  Lee,  Ogle, 
Stepbeuson,  and  Wbiteside.  James  P.  Wil- 
son, Deni.,  14.747;  Frank  O.  Lowdeu.  Rep., 
16,590;  C.  L.  ho:,'a'i,  Pro.,  794;  K.  J.  Rubeu- 
ciall,  Soc. ,  271.  Prank  O.  Lowdeu  elected  to 
fill  racanc3'. 

XIV.  Comities  of  H  incock,  Henderson,  McDon- 
Oiisfb,  Mercer,  liociv  I.slaiid,  and  Warren, 
David  W.  Mattbews,  Dem.,  1-2.978;  James 
McKiuney,  Rep.,  18,583;  J.  L.  Elam,  Pra , 
1,236;  J.  C.  Gibson,  Soc,  1,056. 

XV.  Counties  of  Adam,  Fulton.  Henry,  Kuox, 
and  Scbnj^ler.  Hiram  N.  Wbeeler,  Dem. , 
14,191;  George  W.  Prince,  Rep. ,  19,975;  R.  V. 
Meigs,  Pro. ,  1,680;  Sam  Jessup,  Soc. ,  1.020. 

XVI.  Counties  of  Bureau.  Marsball,  Peoria,  Put- 
nam, St:irk,  and  Tazewell.  Louis  F.  Meek. 
Dem.,  13,876;  J.  V.  Graff,  Hep.,  16,983;  C.E. 
Stebbins,  Pro.,  1,966;  R.  Pfeififer,  Soc,  918. 

XVII.  Counties  of  Ford.  Livingston,  Logan, 
McLean,  and  Woodford.  L.  W.  iSIcXeil, 
Dem.,  11,377;  J.  A.  Sterling,  Rep.,  16,804; 
J.  H.  Burrows,  Pro.,  1,927. 

XVIII.  Counties  of  Clark,  Cumberland,  Edgar, 
Iroquois. Kankakee, and  Vermilion.  Charles 
G.  Taylor,  Dem.  ,  12,777;  Joseph  (i.  Cannon, 
Rep..  22,804;  E.  G.  Shouse,  Pro.,  1,897;  J.H. 
Walker,  Soc,  1,551. 

XIX.  Counties  of  Champaign,  Coles,  De  Witt, 
Douglas,  Macon,  jNloultrie,  Shelby,  and 
Piatt.     .Tohu  W.  Yantis.  Dem.,  19,247;  Wm. 

B.  McKinlev,  Rep.,  23,662;  J.  L.  Thompson, 
Pro.  .  1,965. 

Counties  of  Brov.'n,  Calhoitn,  Cass,  Greene, 
Jersey,  Ma-son,  Menard,  Morgan,  Pike,   and 

°"Scott.  Henry  T.  Raiuey,  Dem.,  19,508;  Jacob 
G.Pope,  Rep. ,14,645;  .1.  J.  Dugau,  Pro., 1419; 
T.  A.  W'akelv.  Soc,  297. 

XXI.  Counties  of  Cbristian,  Macoupin,  :Mont- 
gomerv,  and  Sangamon.  Beuj.  F.  Caldwell, 
Dem.,"  22,429;  Zeno  J.  Rives,  Rep.,  17,316; 
S.  K.  Wbeatloke,  Pro.,  1,346;  J.  Popinhaus, 
Soc,  726.        ^ 

XXII.  Counties  of  Bond,  Madison,  Monroe,  St 
Clair,and  Washington.  Jan)es  J.  Mclnernev, 
Dem. .  15,371;  W.  A.  Rodenberg.  Rep. ,  23,138; 
S.D.  McKenny,Pro. ,  1,228;  T.H  Avey,l,448. 

XXIII.  Countfes  of  Clinton,  Crawford,  Elling- 
ham,  Fayette,  Jasper,  JelFerson,  J^awrence, 
Marion,  Kichland.  and  Wabash.  Martin  D. 
Foster,  Dem.  ,21,680;  Frank  \..  Dickson,  Rep. , 
20,361;  G.B.  Murray,  Pro.,  1,384;  F.M.Riley, 
Soc. ,  378. 

XXIV.  Couiitiesof  Clay,Edwards,  Gallatin, Ham- 
ilton, Hardin,  .lulinson,  Massac,  Pope, 
Saline,  Wayne,  and  White.  James  R. 
Williams,  J)em. ,  16,241;  IMeasant  T.  Chap- 
man, Rep.  ,18,020;  U.  R.  Leach,  Pro.,  952. 

XXV.  (!ounties  of  Alexander,  Franklin,  .Fack.son, 
Perry,  Pulaski.  Randolph,  Union,  and 
Williamson.  James  ^f.  .Toplin,  Dem.  ,14,240: 
Geo.  W.  Smith,  Rep.,  17,835;  R.  H.  Robertson, 
Pro., 1,411;  C.  E.  Ingraluim,  Soc,  394. 


XX. 


1 LUNOIS— Co»<»i»etf . 


STATJii    LEGLSbAXniMi,    1907. 

denote.      Jjoiisr;  Joint  Ballot, 

Republicans 44  89  133 

Democrats 7  61  68 

Prohibition .33 


Republican  majority.  37  25 

VOTE  OF  TKK  STATK  SINOK  1872 

Dem.     Rep.       (Jr.     Pro. 

184,772  241,237  

258,601  278,232  17,207 


62 


1872. 
i876. 
1880. 
1884. 


President. 
President. 
President. 
President. 


Plu. 

*56,445  R 

19,631  R 

1  318,037  26,;^      440    40,716  R 
... -.    25^jj^g^:j^ 


312,3.51  337,469  1 ',776  12,074 
Laboj . 
1888.  President.  348,371  370,473    7,090  21,695    22,102  R 

Pop. 
1892.  President.  426,281  399,288  22,207  25,870 

P.  <&  Pop.  A.  x>. 

1895.  President.  464,632  607,130    6,390    9,796 

PfVl. 

1898.  Treasurer.  405,490  44ft,940 


Pop. 

7.886  11,753 
<S'.  P. 

8,617  15,643 
9,6&7  17,623 


26,993  D 

142,498  R 

43,450  R 


1900.  Governor.  518,968  580,198  8,617  15,643  61,232  R 
1900.  President.  503,061  597,985  9,6&7  17,623  94.924  R 
1902.  Treasurer.  360.925  450,695  20,167  18,434  89,770  R 
1904.  President.  327,606  632,645  69,225  34,770  305.039  R 
1906.  Sec.  State.  271,984  417,544  42,002  88,393  145,560  R 

*  Majority. 


iE«JOtANA. 


COUNTIE-S. 

(92.) 


PRESENT   STATE   GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  Chas.  S.  Deneen ;  liieutenant-Gov- 
ernor,  L.  Y.  Sherman;  Secretary  of  State,  James 
A.  Rose;  Treasurer,  John  F.  Smulski:  Auditor,  J. 
S.  McCullough;  Attorney-Oeneral,  W.  H.  Stead; 
Adjutant-General,  Thos.  W.  Scott;  Superintend- 
ent of  Insurance,  Fred.  W.  Patter,  Superintend- 
ent of  Public  Instruction,  Francis  G.  Blair— all 
Republicans. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  John  P.  Hand, 
Rep.;  Associate  Justices, Wm.  M.  Farmer,  Dem.; 
J.  H.  Cartwright,  Rep. ;  Frank  K.  Dunn,  Rep. ; 
Guy  C.  Scott,  Dem.;  Alonzo  K.  Vickei-s,  Rep.; 
Orrin  N.  Carter,  Rep.  Clerk  of  the  C<jurt,  C. 
,Mamer,  Rep. 


Adams 

Allen 

Bartholomew. 

Benton 

Blackford  ..  . 

Boone 

Brown 

Carroll 

Cass 

Clark 

day  .••■•••.... 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Daviess 

Dearborn 

Decatur 

De  Kalb 

Delaware 

Dubois 

Elkhart 

Fayette 

Floyd 

Fountain 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Gibson 

(irant 

Greene...    ... 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Harri.son 

Hendricks.... 

lienry 

Howard  

Huntington.. 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jay 

Jefferson 

Jennings  ... 

.Johnson  

Knox 

Kosciusko 

La  Grange... 

Lake 

Laporte 

Lawrence 

Madi.son 

Mariou 


bKCRETAKY 

OF  Sta 

IE, 

Pkksidknt, 

19U 

n. 

1906. 

Cox, 
Dem. 

Sims, 
Rep. 

1.422 

C'-jn,  ^ 
Pro. 

137 

Sweet- 
land, 
Soc. 

P.<irker 
Dem. 

"2^3 

Roose- 
velt, 
Kr]). 

2,62G 

5 

1  967 

9,469 

7,974 

337 

396 

9,250 

10,261 

3,005 

3,1.']9 

139 

84 

3,038 

3,510 

1,409' 

1,721 

135 

o 

1,470 

2,098 

1,899' 

1.712 

184 

34 

2,058 

2  521 

3,204 1 

o,138 

262 

14 

3,263 

3,633 

899; 

573 

/     '** 

a 

1,157 

760 

2,299 1 

2,456 

'  195 

34 

2,420 

2  671 

4,337 1 

4,383 

370 

22 

4,357 

5,282 

3,326 

3,080 

92 

46 

3.587 

3,644 

3,4:;o 

3,289 

1:35 

172 

3,565 

4,005 

2,828 

3,567 

316 

47 

3,112 

4,053 

1,4-7 

1,276 

224 

16 

1509 

1,470 

2,768 

3,3.50 

155 

99 

2,802 

3,682 

2,699 

1,854 

102 

20 

3,264 

2,588 

1,982 

2,622 

178 

33 

2,341 

3,178 

2,787 

2,752 

317 

69 

2,827 

3,416 

3,815 

6,264 

424 

107 

3,673 

8,522 

2,666 

1,363 

_  48 

4 

3,119 

1,413 

3,781 

5.069 

628 

315 

4. 023 

6,548 

1,277 

2,007 

111 

90 

l,-)37 

2  414 

3,121 

2,983 

123 

.158 

3.421 

3,666 

2,474 

2,660 

163 

35 

2,560 

3,060 

2,205 

1,474 

77 

11 

2,501 

1,757 

2,108 

2,287 

179 

22 

2,1«2 

2,394 

2,909 

3.393 

250 

46 

3,221 

3,871 

4,591 

5,710 

1,193 

107 

4,668 

9.550 

3.492 

4,087 

89 

377 

3,559 

4,698 

1,X33 

3,502 

523 

27 

2,469 

4,832 

2,656 

2,230 

193 

13 

2,806 

2,633 

2,064 

2,214 

193 

31 

2,530 

2,544 

1.817 

2,781 

185 

6 

2,164 

3,434 

1,824 

3,371 

308 

31 

2.4S2 

4,391 

2,074 

3,410 

575 

211 

2,098 

5,014 

3.265 

3,715 

491 

198 

3,290 

4,385 

2,703 

1,984 

137 

12 

3.467 

2,775 

991 

1,427 

94 

4 

1,341 

2,137 

3,0.53 

3,090 

488 

16 

2,702 

3,612 

1.997 

2,657 

212 

44 

2,542 

3,195 

1,528 

1,866 

86 

8 

1,6»8 

2,139 

2,598 

2.177 

283 

8 

2,882 

2,574 

4,015 

3,581 

334 

120 

4.(193 

4,278 

3,042 

3,646 

2.35 

13 

2.913 

4,550 

835 

1,881 

183 

13 

1,100 

2.461 

3,514 

4,505 

111 

156 

2,9;« 

6,429 

4,619 

4,569 

156 

87 

4,472 

5,952 

2.;J40 

3,180 

92 

74 

2,672 

3,924 

6,020 

6,483 

623 

692 

6,681 

9,697 

22,923 

28,185 

1,076 

751 

22,336 

35,1U» 

J^lection  .7letn7*7is. 


709 


INDIANA— Co>i<i;j7«:d; 


CODNTrBS. 


Marshall 

Martin 

jNIiarni 

ISldmoe 

Montgomery.. 

Morgan 

Newton 

Noble.... 

Oliio 

Orange 

Owen 

Parke , 

Perry 

Pike 

Porter. 

Posey 

Pulaski 

Putnam , 

RaiKloIpli 

Ripley 

Rush 

Scott 

Shelby 

Spencer 

Starke 

Steuben 

St.  .Joseph 

Sullivan 

Switzerlanil.. 
Tippec?vnoe... 

Tipton 

Union 

Vanderburgh 
Vermillion  . .. 

Vigo 

Wabash 

Warren 

Warrick 

Washington  . 

Wavne 

Weils 

White 

Whitlev 


Si'.CRKTAllY    OF   StaTK. 
1906. 


Cox, 
Dem.  I 

"2^771  ■ 
1.5521 
3  4201 
2,316i 
3,6281 
2,371, 

988  i 
2,807, 

634 
1,.595 
■•,655 

2.114 

2,132 
1.121 
2,620 
1,586 
2,7(i4 
1,931 
2,;^50 
2  271 
1045 
3.644 
2,352 
1,048 
1,142 
7,.oOO 
3,357 
1,468 
3,928 
2,137 
■686 
5,936 
1.289 
7,104 
2,649 
786 
2.423 
2,189 
2,689 
2,860 
1,945 
2,200 


Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


Sims, 
Kep. 

'2^476 
1,559 
3,456 
2.609 
3,883 
2,854 
1.411 
3.140 

570 
2,111 
l,.i46 
2,696 
l,85t 
2,230 
2,247 
2,318 
1.448 
2.208 
3,987 
2,476 
2,696 

868 
3,163 
2,648 
1,271 
2,156 
8,035 
2,707 
1,281 
5,123 
2,323 

984 
7,837 
2,131 
7,576 
3,305 
1,775 
2,339 
1,769 
4,812 
2,014 
2,255 
2,193 


Crim, 

Pi-O.      j 

"2441" 

43; 

2841 

81 

425 

194 

74 

132 

29 

99, 

104 

468 

31 

79 

74 

184 

146 

147 

417 

107 

222; 

45 

328 

86 

39 

179 

262 

301! 

62 

268 

265 

65 

124 

183 

259 

362 

90 

175 

75 

229 

433 

218 

135 


Sweet- 

\    land, 

Sfic. 


30 

') 

112 
12 
31 

25 

6 

18 

6 

18 

33 

68 

22 

36 

45 

42 

12 

28 

62 

41 

18 

0 

27 

14 

30 

17 

236 

99 

12 

68 

11 

14 

633 

225 

284 

97 

1 

81 

5 

281 

48 

13 

9 


Presidknt, 
1904. 


ParkiT 
l).m. 

]r,878 
1,.574 
3.605 
2.283 
3,747 
2.428 

951 
2,785 

584 
1,888 
1,^41 
2.176 
2,142 
2,224 
1.4.37 
2,825 
1.648 
3,005 
1.924 
2,457 
2.363 
1,090 
3,5.50 
2,495 
1,134 
5,967 
1,260 
3,641 
1,554 
4,031 
2,279 

758 
5,8841 
1,437! 
6,625 
2,381 

964 
2,485 
2  364 
3,116 
3,127 
2,096 
2,281 


Kooe- 
velt, 


263526  29435120,785    7,824 

..      30,8251     ..     ;     .. 

44.73    4,9771     3.52      .. 

10,382 

589,044 


3,001 
1,809 
4  124 

3  042 

4  647 
3  119 
1.803 
3  683 

662 
2,458 
1.721 
3,468 
2 ,105 
2,596 
3162 
2,419 
1,729 
2,586 
5,139 
2,850 
3.(>82 
953 
3,660 
3,017 
1,523 

11.166 
2,864 
3  076 
1,461 
6,581 
2,654 
1.156 
8,624 
2,724 

10,327 
4,516 
2,208 
2,7P6 
2,094 
7,390 
2,-565 
2,679 
2,359 


IN  DIANA— Co??Amwrr/. 


274345  368289 

. .     i  93,944 

40.21'    53.98 

39.551 

682,185 


For  Secretary  of  State,  1906,  Clark,  Pro.,  received 
972  votes;  Pernii!e,Soc.  L.,  1,536. 

For  President  in  1904,  Swallow,  Pro. ,  received 
23,496 votes:  Dehs,  So.-..  12,013;  Watson, Pop.,  2,444; 
Corrigan,  Soc.  I-.,  1,598. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Kern,  Dom., 
274,998;  Hanly,  Rep.,  359,362;  McWhirter,  Pro., 
22,690;  Templeton,  Peo.,2.0tS5;  Hallenberger,  Soc, 
10,991;  l^illon,  Soc.  Lab.,  1,437.  Hanly's  plurality, 
84,364. 


VOTE  FOR  REPRE.SENTATIVES  IN"  CONGRESS,  1906  . 

Districts.  ^ 

I.  Counties  of  Gibson,  Posey,  Pike,  Spencer,  Van- 

derburgh, and  War  rick.  Men  zeis.lJem.,  18,959; 
Foster,  Rep.,  20,278;  Riga's,  I>ro.,  604;  Strong, 
Soc. ,  737.    Foster's  pHirality,  1,309. 

II.  Counties  of  Daviess,  Greene.  Monroe,  Owen, 

Sullivau,  Knox.  I.awence,  and  Martin. 
Davis,  Dem. ,  21,889;  .lohn  C.  Chaney,  Rep., 
22,299;  Hill,  Pro.,  839;  Chinn,  Soc,  781. 
t'haney's  plurality,  410. 


III. 


TV. 


Counties  of  Clark,  Floyd,  Ilarrisoi).  DnboiSj 
Orange, Crawford, Perrv,  Scott,aiid  \Vashii!:>- 
ton.  Co.x,  Dem.,  18.606;  liefiler.  Rep.,  18,151; 
Shrado.  Pro.,  802;  Worham,  Soc,  151.  Cox's 
plurality,  455. 


Counties  of  Dearborn,  Decatur,  Jackson, 
Brown,  Bartholomew,  .Tennings.  Jeh'erson. 
Ohio,  Ripley,  and  Switzerland.  Dincoln 
Dixon,  Dem.,  20,049;  Hanman  Hop,,  18,181; 
Connelly,  Pro.,  924;  Humi)er,  Soc,  197; 
Dixon's  plurality,  1,886. 

V.  Counties  of  Clay,  Parke,  Vermillion,  Viero, 
Hendricks,  Morgan,  and  Putnam.  Claude 
(t.  Bowers,  Dem.,  21.579;  Elias  S.  Hallidnv, 
Rep.,  22,532;  Bond,  Pro.,  1,286;  Rembold, 
Soc,  750.     Halliday's  plurality,  963. 

Vr.  Countie.sof  Fayette,  Henry,  TIancock, Frank- 
lin, Shelby, Union,  Rush, and  Wayne,  Kuhn, 
Dem.,  20,629;  James  K.  Watson,  Rep., 22,1.35; 
Daily,  Pro.,  1,432;  Doddridge,  Soc,  733. 
Watijon's  plurality,  1,506. 

VII.  Counties  of  Marion   and  .Tohnson.      Gavin, 
,^      Dem. ,  23,234;  Jesse  Overstreet,  Rep. ,  28,020; 

Wilson,  Pro..  1,054;  Berg,  Soc,  733.  Over- 
street's  plurality,  4,786. 

VIII.  Counties  of  Adams,  Blackford,  Delaware, 
Jay,  Madison,  Randolph,  and  Wells.  Adair, 
Dem., 24.027;  George  W.  Cromer,  Ben.,  19.;83; 
Muse.  I'ro.  ,2,021;  Gamble,  Soc,  866.'  Adair's 
plurality,  4,244. 

IX.  Counties  of  Boone,  Clinton,  Fountnin,  Car- 
roll, Hamilton,  Montgomery,  and  Tipton. 
Clodfelter,  Dem.,  21,633;  Fred.  I>andis,  Rci>., 
23,865;  Doan.  Pro.,  2,310;  Sharpe,  -Soc,  420. 
Laudis'  plurality,  2,232. 

X.  Counties  of  Benton,   Laporte,  Jasper,  Tippe- 

canoe, Warren,  Lake,  .Newton,  Porter,  and 
White.  Darrow,  Dem..  20,072;  Edirar  I). 
Crumpacker,  Rep..  24,695;  P.arr,  Pro.,  954. 
Crumpacker's  plurality,  4,623. 

XT.  Counties  of  .Howard,  Cass,  Grant,  Hunting- 
ton, Miami,  a,nd  Wabash.  Raucii.  Den)., 
22,988;  Charles  B.  Laiidis,  Rep.,  19,833;  Pen- 
nington, Pro..  2,367;  Keliy,  Soc,  616.  Ranch's 
plurality,  3,155. 

XII.  Countiesof  Allen, DeKalb.LaGmnge, Noble, 
Steuben,  and  Whitle.v.    ISforr,  Dem.,  19.34J; 
(-iilhans,   Rep..     19,695;  Ulmer,    Pro.,    l,o.3f 
Keeley,  Soc,  457.    Gilhaus'  plurality, 350. 

XIII.  Counties   of  Elkhart,   Kosciusko,    Fulton 
Pula.ski,    Mar.shall,   St.  Jo.seph,  and  Starke. 
Shivelv,   Dem.,  23,153;   Abraham  L.  Brick,' 
Bep.,  23,36'!;  Shaw,  Pro.,  1,468;  Heath,  S'>c, 
724.     Brick's  plurality, 207. 

PRESENT  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  J.  Frank  Hanly;  Lieutenant-Gov- 
e"iMior,  Hugh  T.  Miller;  Secretary  of  State,  Fred 
A.Sims;  Treasurer,  (3scar  Hadley;  Auditor,  John 
C.  Billheimer;  Atrornev-General,James  Bingliam  ; 
Adjutant-General,  Ofan  Perry;  Superintendent 
of  Education,  F.  A.  Cotton;  Commis.sloner  of  In- 
surance, Auditor  ex  offi,cio—&]l  Republicans. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Leander  J.  ;Monks: 
Justices,  John  V.  Hadlev,  James  H.  Jordan,  John 
H.  Gillett,  Oscar  H.  Montgomery;  Clerk  of  the 
Court,  Edward  V.  Fitzpatrick— all  Repubiicaus, 

STATE    I.EG1SLATXTRE,   1907. 


Senate. 

Republicans 37 

Democrats 13 

Republican  majority    24 


JTonsp.Joint  Ballot. 

53  90 

.47  60 


6 


SO 


710 


JElection  Heturns. 


INDIANA— Contin  ued. 


VOTK  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 


IOWA — Cohtivued. 


1872 
1876. 
1880. 
1884. 


President. 
President 
President 
President 


Dem.    Hep. 
163.632  186.147 
.213.526  208.  Ull 
,225, 528  232.164 
244,992  238,480 


1888.  President. 261, 013  263.361 


1892. 
1896. 
IfoO. 
1900. 

1902. 
1904. 
1906. 


President. 
I'rt'sideiit. 
(governor. 
Prtjsideut 

Sec.  State. 
President. 
Sec.  state.; 


262.740  255,615 
305,573  323,7.54 
306,368  3:^1.531 
309,584  333,063 

263,265  298.819 
274.345  368.289 
263.526  29-1,351 


Gr.     I'ro. 

9,533  '.".'.". 

12,986   .  .. 
8.293  3,028 
U.  J., lb. 
2.694  9,881 
J'op. 
22,208  13,050 
....  3, 056 
....  13,451 
....  13.718 
Sue.     Bro. 
7,134  17,765 
12.013  23.496 
7,824  20,785 


Plu. 
22, 515  R 
5,515  D 
6. 641  R 
6, 512  D 

2,348  R 

7.125  D 
18. 181  11 
25. 163  R 
26,470  R 

35.554  R 
93,944  R 
30,825  R 


IOWA. 


Counties. 
(99.) 


Adair 

Adams 

Allamakee  .. 
Appanoose... 

Audubon 

Benton 

Black  hawk  . . 

Boone   

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Buena  Vista. 

Butler 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass 

Cedar 

Cerro  Gordo.. 

Cherokee 

Chickasaw . . . 

Clarke 

Clay 

Clayton 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Davis 

Decatur 

Delaware 

Des  Moines... 

Dickinson 

Dubuque 

Emmet 

Fayette 

Floj'd    

Franklin 

Fremont 

Greene 

Grundy 

Guthrie 

Hamilton .... 
Hancock...  . 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Henry 

Howard 

Humboldt ... 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Jasper  

Jefferson 

Johnson  

Jones  . ..; 

Keokuk 

Kossuth 

Lee 

Linn  

Louisa 

Lucas 

Lyon 

Ma4isoo 


GOVKRNOE. 


Porter 
Dem. 

"1^51 
1,614 
1,863 
3,344 
1,093 
2,980 
3.709 
1.495 
2,070 
2,096 

781 
1,198 
1,212 
2,582 
1,678 
2,145 

866 
1,116 
1,938 
1,273 

617 
2.714 
4,229 
2,451 
2,121 
2,122 
2,009 
1.812 
4,147 

495 
5,716 

492 
2,231 

947 

684 
2.118 
1,402 

972 
1,523 

825 

805 

960 
2,^10 
2,239 
1,301 

519 
l,li;8 
2.208 
2.685 
3.406 
2.206 
3.399 
2,261 
2.726 
1,676 
4,6-<9 
4.991 
1.084 
1,298 
1,0.55 
1,784 


Cum- 
mins, 

Hep. 


1,525 
1,153 
2,215 
1,860 
1,431 
2,423 
3,328 
2,723 
1,563 
2,249 
1,778 
1,941 
1.576 
1,750 
2,C67 
2,031 
1,985 
1.932 
1,680 
1,198 
1,426 
2.790 
4.184 
1.752 
2,088 
1.048 
1,607 
1,726 
3.318 
900 
4,274 
1,337 
3.0!<0 
2,0 
1,763 
1,453 
1.645 
l,6b5 
2,002 
2,358 
1,521 
2,625 
2,196 
1,559 
1.569 
1.470 
1.317 
1.699 
2.251 
2,350 
1.197 
2.134 
1.867 
2.298 
2,587 
3,251 
4,765 
1,551 
1,542 
1.408 
1,7&6 


CofiSn, 
Pro, 


67 
111 

230 
43 

106 
93 
62 
81 
18 
68 
54 
64 
48 
70 

209 
37 
74 
56 
85 
30 
52 
32 

114 

■    56 

43 

50 

124 
60 
75 
81 
51 

130 

115 

111 
63 
43 
26 

1181 
31 

151 

174! 
64 
81  j 

1.54 
33 
61 

276 
63 
80 
30 

182 


Shank 
Soc. 


Pkesidkm, 
l't04. 


35 
49 
30 

201 

8 

58 

245 

279 
18 
27 
65 
14 
58 
24 
60 
28 
22 
22 
29 
17 
23 
67 

206 
39 
73 
19 
92 
28 

172 
19 

350 
14 

152 

21 

7 

28 

14 

33 
29 
11 
20 

126 
22 
55 
13 
24 
43 

104 
96 
31 

32 

47 

9 

116 

279 

27 

50 

67 

72 


Parker 
D-m. 

"895 

1,003 

1,571 

1,743 

934 

2, 057 

1.861 

1,148 

1,783 

1,545 

605 

815 

870 

2,040 

1,394 

1,926 

836 

688 

1,790 

896 

487 

2,628 

4,074 

2,004 

1.159 

1,533 

1,548 

1,238 

3,043 

312 

4.913 

358 

2,070 

761 

531 

1,511 

908 

9;i8 

1,032 

746 

517 

749 

1.696 

1,  ,59 

1,096 

369 

9401 

1,891 

2,48;^ 

1,942 

1,172 

3,085 

1,834 

2,172 

1,352 

3,848 

3.600 

605 

878 

&41 

1,19U 


liuose- 

ve!t, 
Kep. 

2,303 

1,761 

2,609 

3,607 

1,843 

3,609 

5,236 

3,830 

1, 927 

2,798 

2,843 

2,743 

2,479 

2,290 

3,050 

2,691 

3,108 

2, 446 

1,972 

1,799 

2.154 

3,339 

5,265 

2,530 

3,499 

1,722 

2,430 

2,726 

4,496 

1.320 

5,485 

1,732 

3,978 

2,820 

2,346 

2,227 

2,583 

2.021 

2.857 

3,118 

2,112 

3.643 

3,364 

2,647 

1.823 

1.950 

1,565 

2,303 

2.899 

3,962 

2.330 

2,963 

2,833 

3,079 

3, 001 

4,612 

8.131 

2.147 

2, 259 

1.802 

2,602 


Ck>I7NTISS. 


Mahaska 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mill.s 

Mitchell 

ifouona , 

Monroe 

Montgomery. , 

IMuscatiue 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Page 

Palo  Alto...!! 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas... 

Polk 

Pottawat'mie 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Sac 

Scott 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Taylor 

Union 

Van  Buren. ... 

Wapello 

Warren 

Washington  . . 

Wayne 

W^ebster 

Winnebago.. . . 
Winneshiek., . 
Woodbury.. 
W^orth..  ... 
Wright 


Governor, 
1906, 


Porter 

Deui. 


Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

Scattering 

W  hole  vote. 


2.727 
2,964 
1,1771 
1,589; 

631  i 
l,673i 
l,920i 
1.155, 
2.829 
l,126i 

8431 
1,999' 
1,192 
1,993 
1,147 
5. 63:5 
3,974 
1,653 
1.058 

931' 
5.029, 
1,894 
1.403! 
1.082i 
2,414i 
1,460 
1,621 
2.425 
4,160 
2,089 
2,152 
1.863 
2, 030 

174 
1,684 
4,767 

227 

804 


Cum- 
mins, 

§7167 

2.076 
3.062 
1,739 
1,648 
1,544 
2,421 
1,941 
3. 016 
1,815 
874 
1,739 
1,617 
2,137 
1,813 
8.484 
5,470 
2.409 
1,570 
1,940 
5.678 
1.782 
2.189 
3.482 
^.601 
1.560 
1  953 
1.301 
3,282 
1.414 
2.087 
1.670 
3, 1.59 
1, 258 
2,551 
4,578 
1.225 
1,968 


Coffic  jShank 
I'ro    \    boc. 


no 

159 

342 

106 

66 

68 

113 

109 

57 

26 

19 

208 

23 

54 

48 

396 

133 

188 

100 

67 

61 

94 

34 

226 

95 

105 

146 

80 

124 

262 

192 

140 

238 

21 

43 

208 

17 

.110 


196143  216968 I  9,792 

..     120,865      .. 
45.35'  50.10'    2.26 

684 
432,438 


278 

158 

276 

32 

26 

35 

430 

49 

318 

41 

16 

70 

65 

40 

48 

658 

153 

45 

21 

33 

749 

44 

19 

84 

49 

61 

67 

25 

S43 

39 

35 

69 

149 

5 

S3 

359 

34 

29 


Pkesident, 

1904. 


P.irker 
Deiji. 


HtMfse- 
veit, 
Uep. 


2,287 
2,202 
1,203 
1,274 
634 

i,c:6 

1.182 
7.1.1 

2,555 

885 

654 

944'  3.463 
1  0«lj  1,999 
1,663    2.905 

841  1,924 
3.086,14.113 
0.731  6,868 
1,2121  3,137 

8351  2.20O 
2,609 


4,u91 
2.988 
4,229 
2.252 
2,158 
2, 274 
3^249 
2. 956 
4,036 
2,279 
1,179 


8,901 
2.*i9 


835 
4,931 
1.584 
1,151 
752 
2,  ."560 
1,060 
1,322 
1.416 
'>.4;3 
1.191 
1,  772 
1,452 
1,714 

174 
1,467 
2,809 

307 

695 


6,789 
2,310 
2,992 
3.919 
3.127 
2.650 
2,674 
2,469 
4.912 
2:938 
3,875 
2, 290 
4,358 
2, 002 
3,383 
7,597 
1.659 
2,795 


149141  307907 

..     1.58766 

37.06    63.39 

29,  355 

485, 703 


For  Governor  in  1906,  Nauuon,  Pre,  received  346 
votes;  Hisey.  Soc,  S38. 

For  President  in  1904, Swallow,  Pro.,  received 
11,601  votes;  Debs,  Soc,  14,847;  Watson,  Pop., 
2,207  votes. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1903  was:  Sullivan, 
Dem.,  159,708;  Cummins,  Rep.,  2.S8.798;  Han.son, 
Pro.,  12,378;  Work,  Soc,  6,479;  Weller,  Peo.,  589. 

VOTE  FOB  BEPRESENTATIVES  IX  CONGRESS,  1906. 

Districts. 

I.  Counties  of  Des  Moines,  Henry.  Jefferson,  Lee 

Louisa.  Van  Buren.  and  Wa-shington.  George 
S.  Tracey,  Dem.,  15,875;  Charles  A.Kennedy, 
R3p.,  16,145;  A.  S.  But  trey,  Soc,  427:  W.  N. 
Weldon,  Pro.,  452.  Kennedy's  pluriilitj-,  270. 

II.  Counties  of  Clinton,  Iowa,  Jackson,  Johnson, 

Muscatine,  and  Scott.  G.  W.  Ball,  Dem., 
18,520;  A.  l'\  Dawson,  Rep., 20,112;  Kennedy, 
Soc,  1,246;  Bacon,  Pro.,  177.  Dawson's 
plurality',  1,522. 

III.  Counties  of  Blackhawk,  Bremer.  Buchanan, 

Butler,  Delaware.  Dubuque,  Franklin,  Ifar- 
din,  and  Wright.  J.  C.  Miirtagh,  Dem..  18,520; 
B.  P.  Birdsall,  Rep.,  22,315;  Sorensen,  Soc, 
695;  MacKachron,  Pro.,  586.  Birdsall' s  plu- 
rality, 3,795. 

IV.  Counties  of  Allamakee,  Cerro  Gordo,  Chicka- 

saw, Clayton,  Fayette,  Floyd,  Howard, 
Mitchell,  Winnesliiek,  and  Worth.  W.  J. 
Carter,  Dem.,  12,739;  G.  N.  Haugen,  Rep., 
20,731;  Thorgvinson,  Soc, 353;  Fumey,  Pro., 
407.    Haugen' s  plurality,  7,992. 


Election  jZetiirns, 


711 


low  k~Continud. 


V.  Counties  of  Benton,   Cedar,    Grundy,  Jones, 

Linn,  Marsliall,  and  Tama.  R.  C.  Stirton 
Dem..  14,612;  K.  G.  Oousins,  Hep..  19,076; 
Crovvel!,.Soc.  ,644;  8mith,Pro. ,  811.  Cousins' 
plurality,  4,454. 

VI.  Counties  of  Davis,  .Tasper,  Keokuk,  Maba.ska, 

Monroe,  Poweshiek,  and  Wapello.  D.  W. 
Hamilton,  Uem..  18  987;  J.  F.  Lacey,  Kep. , 
16,713;  .Uiunick,  Soc. ,  907.  llaniiltou's  plur- 
ality, 2,274. 

VII.  Counties  of  Dallas,  Madison,  Marion,  Polk, 
Story,  and  Warren.  .1.  X.  Smith,  J3em. , 
11,464;  .1.  A.  T.  Hull.  Bep.,  19,617;  Gill,  Soc, 
1,058;  Johns,  Pro  ,988.    Hull's  plurality, 8,153. 

VIII  Counties  of  Adams,  Appanoose,  Clarke,  De- 
catur, Fremont,  Lucas,  Page, Hi  nggold,Taylor, 
Union,  and  Wayne.  J.  s.  Estes,  Dem.  ,16.874; 
W.  P.  Hepburn,  iiep. ,  19,516;  Mercer,  Soc, 
611;  Orr,  Pro.  ,605.   Hepburn's  plurality, 2,642. 

IX.  Counties  of  Adair,  Audubon,  Cass,  Guthrie, 

llarrisou, Mills,  Mont  i^omerv.  Pottawattamie, 
and  Shelby,  W.  C.  Campbell,  Dem.,  13,250; 
Walter  I.  Smith,  Rep..  21,863;  C.  Melroy, 
Soc,  457;  :Macomber,  Pro.,  440.  Smith's 
plurality,  8,613. 

X.  Counties  of  Hoone,  Calhoun,  Carroll,  Crawford, 

Emmet,  Greene,  Hamilton,  Hancock,  Hnm- 
bohlt,  Kossuth,  Palo  Alto,  Pocahontas,  Web- 
ster, and  Winnebago.  J.  R.  Butler,  Dem., 
15.357;  J.  P.  Conner,  Rep.  .26,017;  Sheffield, 
Soc,  629;  Beckett,  Pro.,  761.  Conner's  plu- 
rality, 10,700. 

XI.  Counties  of   Buena   Vista,    Cherokee,  Clay, 

Dickinson.  Ida,  Lyon,.  Monona,  O'Brien, 
Osceola,  Plynaouth,  Sac,  Sioux,  and  Wood- 
bury. C.  A.  Dickson,  Dem.,  16,893;  E.  H. 
Hubbard,  Rep.,  22,236;  Beach,  Soc,  648 
Hubbard's  plurality,  5,343. 

PRKSEN'T  STATE  GOVEBNMKNT, 

Governor,  Albert  B.  Cummins;  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, Warren  Gar^t;  Secretary  of  State,  W.  C. 
Hayward;  Treasurer,  W^.  W.  Morrow;  Auditor, 
B.  F.  Carroll;  Attorney-General,  H.  W.  Bvers, 
Superintendent  of  Education,  J.  F.  Riggs;  Adju- 
tant-General,   W.  H.  Thrift— all  Republicans. 

JDDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice.  Scott  M.  Ladd, 
Hep.;  Judges,  C.  A.  Bishop,  Emil  McClain,  Rep.; 
John  C.  Sherwin,  Rep. ;  Horace  E.  Deemer,  Rep.  ; 
S.  M.  Weaver;  Clerk,  John  (;.  Crockett,  Rep. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate.    House.  Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 36  75  111 

Democrats 14  33  47 

Republican  majority.    22  42  64 

VOTE  OF  THE  .STATE  SINCE  1872. 


1872. 
1876. 
1880. 

1884. 
1888. 

1892. 
1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 
1899. 

1900. 
1901. 

1903. 
1904. 
1906. 


Dem. 

Pres 71,134 

Pres 112,121 

Pre.s 105.845 

Pres tl77,.^16 

Pres 179,887 


Pres.. 
Gov.. 

Pres. 
Gov. 


....196,367 
149,433 


..194,514 
Dem. 
SecState  173,000 
Gov 183,326 

Pres 209,466 

Gov 143,685 

Gov 1.59,708 

Pres 119,141 

Gov 196,143 


Rep. 
131,173 
171,332 

183.904 
197.089 
211,598 

219,795 

208,689 

289,293 
224,501 

236,524 
239,543 

307,785 
226,839 

238,798 
307,907 
216,968 


Gr.     Ih-o. 


9.400 
32,327 

9,165 
Pop. 
20,595 


1,472 
3,550 

6,402 


32,118  11,052 
N.  n. 


4, .516 
4.268 
Pop. 
3,472 
1,694 
fior.  D 
2,778 
3,460  15,649 

Sor , 

6,479  12,-378 

14.847  11,601 

9,792    8,901 


3,192 

8,357 

7,559 
7,650 

'9,479 


Plu. 
*60,039  R 
49,721  R 
78,059  ru 
19,773  R 
31,711  R 

23,428  R 
59,256  R 

65,.552  R 
29,987  R 

63,524  R 
56,217  R 

98,606  R 
83,154  R 

79,090  R 

158  766  K 

20,825  R 


KANSAS. 


Counties. 
(106.) 


'Majority,  tDemocratjc3..nd  Gj-'ob'JjFusjoo  vote, 


Allen 

Andei-son 

Atchison 

Barber 

Barton 

Bourbon  ...... 

Brown 

Butler 

Chase 

Chautauqua. . . 

Cherokee 

Che venue 

Clark 

Clay 

Cloud 

Coffey 

Comtinche 

Cowley 

Crawford 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Doniphan 

Douglas 

Edwards 

Elk 

Ellis 

Ellsworth  .  . . . 

Finney 

Ford 

Franklin 

Geary 

Gove 

Graham 

Grant 

Gray 

Greeley 

Greenwood.  .. 

Hamilton 

Harper 

Harvey 

Haskell 

Hodgeman 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

.Fewell 

Johnson 

Kearny 

Kingman 

Kiowa 

Labette 

Lane 

Leavenworth. 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Logan 

Lyon 

Marion 

Marshall 

McPherson 

Meade 

Miami 

Mitchell 

Montj^omery  . 

Morris 

Morton 

Nemaha 

Neosho 

Ness 

Norton 

Osage  

Osborne  

Ottawa 

Pawnee 

Phillips 

I  Pottawatomie 
'Pmtf ,,-. 


GOVKHNOR, 

1906. 

Harris 

Dem. 

Hoch' 

Kep. 

2,297 

Gil- 
ham, 
Pro. 

Cook, 

Soc. 

2,104 

87 

66 

1,491 

1,435 

37 

79 

2.216 

2,884 

56 

9 

840 

846 

22 

45 

1  770 

1,496 

72 

34 

2,338 

2.510 

98 

41 

1,658 

2,014 

32 

31 

2,238 

2,347 

75 

148 

886 

858 

19 

Sa 

1.024 

1,557 

82 

15 

3,260 

3.484 

775 

52 

244 

359 

32 

7 

256 

262 

3 

6 

1  404 

1.529 

98 

58 

1,601 

1,587 

226 

63 

1,670 

1,714 

17 

61 

257 

228 

6 

14 

2,841 

2,942 

254 

148 

3,486 

4,531 

951 

69 

1.187 

891 

93 

16 

2,138 

2,267 

137 

63 

922 

1,872 

38 

28 

2.059 

2,247 

7 

67 

698 

593 

15 

28 

1,157 

1, 173 

15 

24 

1.425 

514 

6 

5 

1,246 

843 

5 

24 

630 

662 

32 

8 

1,070 

984 

33 

12 

2,255 

2,1.32 

50 

105 

1.087 

923 

25 

15 

486 

491 

11 

10 

600 

770 

68 

32 

81 

120 

1 

2 

227 

308 

38 

7 

64 

170 

17 

4 

1,541 

1,971 

36 

34 

215 

284 

9 

5 

1.2-J5 

1, 027 

56 

37 

1,017 

1.556 

86 

52 

127 

153 

7 

10 

316 

3^1 

4 

4 

1,617 

1,587 

12 

47 

1.842 

1  835 

40 

22 

1, 953 

1,929 

47 

107 

2,209 

1,746 

41 

10 

257 

285 

8 

3 

1,299 

1,092 

73 

38 

403 

465 

10 

28 

2,556 

2, 8'^9 

422 

173 

231 

.318 

74 

11 

3,510 

4,882 

131 

30 

1. 043 

966 

30 

17 

1.666 

1,696 

49 

26 

316 

46h 

27 

9 

2. 533 

2, 235 

153 

106 

1,729 

1,573 

33 

42 

2, 388 

2,662 

23 

34 

1,758 

2,007 

31 

44 

400 

378 

15 

25 

2,283 

1,956 

40 

13 

1.750 

1,  m 

73 

37 

4,098 

3,747 

172 

66 

1, 1.36 

1,404 

14 

10 

64 

63 

2.201 

1.885 

43 

36 

2,120 

2,344 

93 

30 

499 

476 

78 

106 

1,178 

1.247 

71 

54 

2,440 

2,473 

117 

68 

97(1 

1,492 

52 

174 

1,057 

1,216 

62 

36 

896 

722 

23 

22 

1..545 

1.684 

59 

41 

1,786 

1,983 

3 

13 

723 

871 

?7 

m 

Pkksibknt, 

19«4. 


Parker 
Dem. 


1,.390 

1,043 

1,8.>1 
566 

1,235 

1808 

1,244 

1,.^40 
562 
681 

2,253 

96 

131 

403 

626 

1,280 
129 

1,456 

2,057 
411 

1,219 
713 
989 
328 
706 
928 
578 
215 
526 

1,310 
591 
204 
244 
35 
113 
14 

1,211 
126 
597 
690 
46 
192 
919 

1,199 
927 

1,373 

94 

661 

251 

1,637 
111 

2,775 
613 

1,085 
117 

1.4*51 
928 

1,.561 
773 
166 

1,425 
8^7 

2,091 

702 

44 

1,564 

1,530 
188 
417 

1,516 


420 
477 
494 
811 
1,045 
421 


712 


Election   Returns. 


KA^iSAS— Continued. 


COUNTISS. 


KauTms 

Reno 

Republic 

Rice 

Riley  

Rooks 

Rush 

Russell 

Saline 

Scott  

Sedgwick 

Seward 

Shawnee.. 

Sheridan 

Sherman 

Smith 

Stafford 

Stanton   

Stevens  

Sinuner 

Thomas 

Trego 

AVabaunsee.  . , 

Wallace 

AVashington  . , 

AVichita 

AVilson 

AVoodson 

AV'yaudotte . . 

Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


1906. 


Harris 

Belli. 


672 
2.7;J0 
1,663 
1,486 
1,288 

981 

721 

884 
2,232 

285 
5,194 

190 
5,,S53 

615 

442 
1,316 

878 
69 

130 
2,118 

667 

483 
1,265 

166 
1,960 

196 
1,817 

965 
7,748 


H.ich,  1    "'■- 

1       A   T'  I. 


Presidem, 
H'04. 


636 
2,862 
1,806 
1,278 
1,447 
1,188 

666 
1,088 
1,656 

307 
4.623 

217 
4,616 

578 

387 

1,627 

1,034 

75 

158 
2,220 

611 

493 
1,370 

291 
2.324 

224 
1,763 
1,129 
4,500 


39 

129 
34 

'  74 
35 
44 
12 
20 
93 
52 

179 
4 

158 
26 
54 
43 
40 
1 
2 

160 
46 
12 
12 
16 
44 
13 

115 
16 

272 


P.irker 
l>..m 

~T05 

1,423 

941 

727 

52:3 

495 

570 

515 

798 

29 

2,869 

62 

2,441 

293 

231 

596 

585 

34 

40 

1, 489 

205 

264 

688 

39 

1,259 

91 

1,034 

657 

2.  491 


Koose- 

Vrlt, 

749 
4,245 
2.658 
1,995 
2,551 
1,266 

883 
1,451 
2,797 

275 
6,697 

152 
8,409 

607 

465 

2.254 

1,419 

63 

122 
3,264 

648 

626 
2,016 

278 
3,066 

245 
2,583 
1,490 
6, 361 


150024 
47.'57 


152147 
2.123 
48.24 
1,131 

315,:;76 


7.621 [ 
2.'4o' 


4,453 
i.'80 


84,800i2108.^3 

. .      126093 

26.121  64.93 

6,156 

324,588 


For  President  in  1904,  AA^'atsou,  Pop.,  received 
6,156  votes. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Pale,  Dem., 
116,991;  Hocli.  Rep.,  186,731;  Loutlier,  Soc,  12,101; 
Kerr,  Pro.,  6,534.    Hoch's  plurality,  69,740. 

The  vote  for  r4overnor  in  1902  was:  Craddock, 
Dem., 117,148;  Bailey,  Re  p. ,159.242;  3i:mers()ii,Pro.. 
6,065 ;  McAlster, Soc, 4,078 ;  Lathrop, Pop., 635. 

The  scattering  vote  for  President  in  1900  was: 
For  AVoolley,  Pro.;  Debs,  Soc.  D. ;  Malloaey, 
Soc.  L.,  and  J^llis,  U.  Ref. 

VOTE  FOB  BEPRKSBNTATIVKSIX  CONOR  ESS,  1906. 

Disli-icis. 

I.  Counties  of  Atchison,  Brown  Doniphan,  Jack- 

.son,  Jelferson,  Leavenworth,  Xcmalia,  and 
Shawnee.  W.  I).  Webb.  Dem.,  16,216;  Charles 
Ctirtis.Rep.,  22,790;  J.  F.  Willels,  Soc,  667. 
Curtis'  plurality,  6,574. 

II.  Counties  of  Allen,  Andereon,  Bourbon,  Doug- 

las, Franklin,  .lohnson,  Linn,  Miami,  and 
AVyandotte  Mason  S.  P'^ers,  Dem.,  19.653; 
Charles  F.Sf'ol  t.  Rep.,  23,516;  .T.W.  Pucketl, 
706;  W.  E.  Monlbeck,  ^89.  Scott's  plurality, 
3.863. 

III.  Counties  of  Chautauqua,  Cherokee,  Cowlev, 

Crawford,  Flk.  Labette,  ISfontgomerv, 
Neosho,  and  Wilson.  F.  :M.  Bradv,  Dem"., 
19807;  P.  P.  Campholl,  Rep.,  25,669;  F.  D. 
Warren, 2,908:  J. H.  Roberts, 540.  Campbell's 
plurality,  5,862. 

IV.  Counties  of  Cha.se,  Coffey.  Greenwood  Lyon, 

Marion,  Morris,  O.sage,  Pottawatomie,  AVab- 
aunsee.and  AA^'oodson.  J.  W.  Afoore,  Dem. , 
14,-313 ;  .T.  M.  Miller,  Rep.,  17,393;  J.  W.  Mc- 
Millan,465;  Bradford, 398.  Miller's  majority, 
3,030. 

V. Counties   of   Clay,  Cloud,  Geary,   Dickinson, 

Marshall,  Ottawa,  Republic,   Riley,  Saline, 

and  Washington.     Hugh  Alexander.  Dem., 

14.561;  J.  D.    Calderhead,  R,>p.,  18,183;  G.  F. 

Hibuer,  875.    Calderhead' s  majority,  3,62;i. 


KANSAS— a»??<mMer2. 


VI.  John  B.   Rea,  Dem.,   *.7,11«:,   W.   A.  Reeder, 

Keu.  ,21,212;  R.  S  Tliomar    1,005;  R.C.Smith, 
742.    Reeder's  plurality,  -J.ogS. 

VII.  O.  H.  Troum;m,  Item.,  15,62S;  E.  H.  Madi- 
son, Rep. ,  21.580;  R.  C.  AVebster,  1,092;  AV^  C. 
Johnson,  928.    JNIadi.son's  plurality,  5,957. 

VIIT.  F.  B.  Lawrence.  Dem.,  lu,427;  Victor  Mur- 
dock.  Rep.,  14,862;  Frank  Ayres,  548;  J.  J. 
Hill,  466.    Murdock's  plurality, 4,435. 

PRESENT  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  E.  W.  Hoch;  Lieutenant-Goverhor, 
AV.  .r.  Fitzgerald  ;  Secretary  of  State,  C.  E.  Denton; 
Treasurer,  Mark  Tullay;  Auditor,  J.  M.  Nation; 
Attorney-General,  F.  C.  Jackson;  Adjutant- 
General,  J.  AV.  F.  Hughes;  Superintendent  of 
Education,  E.  T.  Fairchild;  Com  .lissioner  of 
Agriculture.  F.  D.  Coburu;  Superintendent  of 
lusurance,  Chas.  Barnes— all  Repiiblicaus. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,Wm.  A.  Johnston; 
Associate  .lustices,  Chas.  IJ.  Graves,  Silas  Porter, 
Clark  A.  Smith,  Rousseau  A.  Burch.  Henry  F. 
Masou  and  Alfred  AV.  Bensen,  all  Republicans; 
Clerk,  D.  A.  A'alentine. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate.    Jlonse.    Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 37  94  131 

Democrats 3  31  34 


Republican  majority.  34 

63 

97 

VOTK   OF  THE   STATE 

SINCE  1872. 

Dein. 

Rep. 

Gr. 

Pro. 

^lu. 

1872. 

President. 

..  S2.9:0 

66,805 

■  •  •  • 

•  ■  •  • 

»3S.8:i5  R 

18:6. 

President. 

..  37.002 

78,:!22 

7,770 

■  •  •  ■ 

40,120  R 

lS-0. 

President. 

..  59, ^sa 

121.520 

,  19,710 

«  •  •  * 

61,781  R 

18-4. 

President. 

..  90,1  :',2 

154,406 

16,:;41 

4,954 

61.274  R 

ls-6. 

Governor. 

..115,697 

149,615 

u'.l! 

8,0a4 

33,918  R 

1838. 

President. 

..102,745 

182,904 

37,788 

Pop. 

163,111 

6,779 

80,159  R 

1892. 

President. 

157,2:n 

4,5r?9 

5,874  P 

IS'J-i. 

Governor. 

..  26,709 
Dem. -Pop 

148,697 

118,329 
K.  D. 

5,496 

30,368  R 

1896. 

President. 

..171,810 

159,541 

1,209 
Soc.L. 

1,921 

12,269DP 

1898. 

Governor. 

..134.158 

149,292 

642 

1.092 

15.134  R 

1900. 

Governor. 

..164,794 

181,893 

Soc.D. 

2,662 

17,099  R 

1900. 

President. 

..162,601 

185,955 

1,258 
Soc. 

3,605 

23,354  R 

1902. 

Governor. 

..117,14S 

159,242 

4.098 

6,065 

42,094  R 

1904. 

President. 

..  »4,S0P 

210,'<93 

15,494 

7,245 

126,093  R 

l;.06. 

Governor.. 

..150,^24 

152.147 

4,4f,3 

7.621 

2.12a  K 

Majority. 


KENTUCKY.    - 


Pkksidest, 

GOVSRXOK, 

1904. 

J '.'07. 

Counties. 
(119  ) 

Parker 

It.OSe. 

velt. 

.Swal- 
low, 

Wat-I^ 
son,    "a-". 

Will- 

SOB, 

Oiin. 

Kep. 

Pro. 

I'.ip.      ^'='"- 

Rep. 

Adair 

1,32? 

1,652 

60 

1 

1,330 

1.708 

Allen 

1,379 
1,429 

1,76? 
959 

49 
32 

9 

1(1 

1,269 
1,206 

1,739 

Anderson 

1.039 

Ballard 

1,598 

556 

28 

18 

1,595 

592 

Barreu 

3,<i.->l 

2,073 

44 

46 

2,724 

2,o:i4 

Bath 

1  r,v)3 

1,342 

35 

14 

1,466 

1.349 

]}ell 

538 
2,013 
2,58t 

1,764 

.578 

2,147 

25 

28 
80 

9 
6 
2 

666 
1,.565 
2,339 

1,951 

Boone 

560 

Bourbon  

o  .>-)q 

Boyd 

1,716 

2,544 

67 

D 

1,513 

2.-563 

Bovle 

1,6(6 

1 .366 

40 

13 

1,.577 

1,3.58 

P>racken 

1,596 

1,165 

47 

3 

1,265 

993 

Breathitt 

1.537 

829 

16 

0 

1,168 

1.395 

Breckinridge.. 

2,(166 

2,353 

66 

59 

1,963 

2,262 

Bullitt 

1,2.,4 
951 

593 

2,398 

26 
55 

4 

24 

1,054 
846 

634 

Butler 

2,061 

Caldwell 

1,227 

1,413 

28 

59 

1,306 

1,415 

Calloway 

2,466 

824 

106 

133 

2,(156 

8(10 

Campbell 

4,562 

5,759 

105 

14 

4.025 

6,0.58 

Carlisle 

1,428 

468 

63 

60 

1,176 

865 

Carroll 

1,548 

546 

60 

5 

1,262 

590 

Carter  

1,442 

2.419 

58 

6 

1,586 

2,346 

Casev  

1,133 

1,-595 

64 

1 

l.(i96 

1.615 

Christian  

2,681 

3,870 

69 

27 

2.605 

3.926 

(:iark 

2,U2 

1,683 

36 

7 

2.;i-}5 

l,80ti 

Election  liehirns. 


713 


KY.^i:VjGViY— Continued. 


Counties. 


Cliiy 

Clinton 

Crittenden.  . . 
Cumberland.. 

J)avie.ss 

Edmonson . . . 

Elliott 

Estill 

Fayette 

Fleminjf. 

Floyd 

Franklin 

Fulton 

<Tallatin 

Garrard 

Urant 

a  raves 

Grayson 

Green 

Greenup 

HancocK 

Hardin   

Harlan 

Harrison 

Hart 

Henderson  .  . 

Henrj- 

Hieknian  .... 

Ilonkin.s 

Jacvkson 

Jefferson.    ... 

Jessamine 

Johnson  

Kenton 

Knott 

Knox . 

Larue 

Laurel 

Lawrence.  ... 

Lee 

Leslie 

Letclier 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Livingston... 

Logan 

Lyon 

Madison 

Magoffin 

Marion 

Marshall 

Martin 

Mason 

McCracken. . . 

McLean 

Meade 

Menifee 

Mercer 

Metcalfe 

Monroe 

Montgonierj' 

Morgan 

Muhlenberg  . 

Nelson 

Nicholas 

Ohio 

Oldham 

Owen 

Owsley 

Pendleton  ..  . 

Pen-v 

Pike 

Powell 

Pulaski 

Robertson  . .  . 
Pock  castle... 

Powan 

Hnssell 

Scott 


Pr.ESirvKNT, 

lt)04. 


P:irlier 
Dem. 

532 

3()« 

1,207 

4,751 
76(1 

1,H3 
«:iO 

5,1  r.* 

1,712 

l,;/8li 
2,H41 
l,o>)0 

'Ml 
1,176 
1,651 
4,935 
1,6»3 
1,071 
1,112 

846 
2,714 

286 
2,688 
1,658 
3,448 
y,137 
1,680 
8,125 

216 

22,7^1 

1,466 

■886 

5,76;i 

1,092 

767 
1,321 
1,050 
1,752 

527 
71 

405 
1,286 
1,713 
1,259 
2,696 

838 
2,891 
l,(iO() 
1,857 
1,587 

188 
2,7?2 
2,832 
1,336 
1,245 

719 
1,703 
1,711 

779 
1,488 
1.807 
i;854 
2.160 

i;74i 

2,519 
882 

2,932 
274 

1,421 
431 

1,935 
738 

1,870 
709 
848 
661 
671 

2.374 


Ito^ise- 
veil, 
Hep. 

1685 

948 

1  691- 

1  OUl 
3.381 
1,17:^ 

594 
1.280 
3  94 
1.70 
1201 
1.449 

561 

334 
1351 
1,148 
1,615 
2,179 
1,201 
2.005 

997 
1,671 
1,446 
1,5-38 
1,794 

2  300 
1,434 

702 

2.826 

1,606 

21.664 

1.24 

1,925 

6  306 

483 

2516 

863 

2152 

2  014 

879 

953 

960 

2  374 

1,648 

838 

2,250 

678 

2  774 

1,404 

1.191 

920 

900 

2  029 

2.413 

1163 

834 

450 

1494 

1,115 

1,644 

1,266 

1  119 

2  476 
1  263 
1  067 

3  063 
452 
827 

1  100 
1  246 

979 
2,486 

647 
3,713 

409 
1.624 

844 
1  079 
1,713 


Swal- 
low, 
I'ro. 

"~i8 

28 
80 
39 
125 
25 
9 
34 

73 
16 
28 
34 
13 
61 
31 
85 
54 
31 
53 
60 
82 
5 
65 
4;* 

104 
72 
46 
81 
16 

66'.» 
99 
21 

112 
11 
36 
30 
38 
40 
16 
10 

"92 

169 
49 
76 
56 

106 
12 
26 

105 
14 
82 
76 
90 
18 
6 
68 
21 
14 
45 
28 
42 
47 
63 

122 
43 
41 
7 
72 
6 
64 
23 

103 
16 
30 
24 
58 
62 


Wat- 
son, 
Pop. 

2 
11 

18 

3 

103 

4 

"24 
17 

5 

"ll 

4 
3 

2 

"88 

144 

6 

12 

15 

38 

1 

4 

24 

.      28 

17 

15 

12. 

197 
1 
5 

22 
3 
2 

4 

7 


18 

*> 
fj 

36 

69 
84 


12 

145 

1 

n 
i 

41 

40 


GOVKRNOR, 

lyu7. 


17 
5 
1 

'  5 

41 
4 
4 

77 
4 

12 

*14 

'  4 
3 

22 

"lO 
1 
1 


Hager, 

iJeiii 


Will 
son, 
It.p. 


628 

1,691 

343 

989 

1,145 

1,494 

523 

868 

3,750 

3,138 

722 

1,260 

1,162 

574 

816 

1,264 

4,912 

4,598 

1,804 

1,840 

1,446 

1,151 

2,856 

1,606 

1,004 

459 

809 

270 

1,2:^5 

1,449 

1.396 

1,083 

3,730 

1,754 

1,648 

2,140 

1,077 

1,258 

1,205 

1,480 

698 

881 

2,330 

1,786 

217 

1,517 

2,428 

1,556 

1,728 

1.824 

2,479 

1.790 

2,027 

1,402 

1,246 

443 

2.764 

2,756 

197 

l,6!?i6 

19,078 

28,047 

1,256 

1,208 

927 

2.076 

6,370 

7,504 

1,019 

504 

876 

2,531 

1,026 

960 

975 

2,216 

1,829 

1,678 

638 

1,018 

120 

1,246 

409 

857 

1,171 

2.125 

1,619 

1,611 

1,10b 

8»9 

2,433 

2,010 

746 

691 

2,711 

2,789 

982 

1.426 

1,568 

1,.508 

1,364 

1,040 

160 

749 

2,433 

2,151 

2,944 

2,856 

1,164 

1,042 

1,117 

721 

680 

394 

1,482 

1,494 

923 

1,142 

776 

1.690 

1,257 

1,211 

1.S45 

1,132 

2,1.33 

2,612 

1.813 

1.368 

1,559 

1.049 

2,348 

2,985 

744 

544 

2.223 

791 

245 

1.1.57 

l,3ti4 

1,201 

432 

1,156 

2,058 

2,766 

634 

566 

1,929 

3,913 

592 

399 

769 

1,533 

652 

858 

631 

1,027 

2,W6 

1,801 

K  KNT  UC  KY—Con(inn€(J. 


COU.NTIKS. 


^^helby 

iSimp.son 

.Spencer 

Taylor 

Todd 

Trigg 

Tranble 

Union 

Warien , 

Washington 

Wayne 

Webster 

Whitley.... 

Wolfe 

Woodford  . . 


Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

Scattering 

W^liole  vote 


Pkksidbnt, 

11.04. 


Parker 
Dein. 

~2!,657 
1,540 
1,024 
1147 
1,671 
1,170 
1,275 
2.533 
3.484 
1,482 
1.202 
2.134 
658 
1.114 
1  620 


217170 
11,893 
49.83 


Uoo.se-  .Sw.al- 
low, 
J^ro. 

"59 
51 
17 

60 
39 
37 
28 
44 

129 
31 
57 

109 
57 


205277 
4?;  17 


6,609 


1.49 

4,198 
435  765 


214481 

18,053 

51.36 


8,232 
410,909 


For  President  in  1904,  Debs,  Soc,  received  3,t)02  voles; 
Corrigan,  Soc.  Lab.,  ;»96  votes. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1903  was  :  Beckham,  Dem..  229,014; 
BelkiKip.    Pop.,  202,764;    Demarc,   Pre,   4,830;    Nagle,  S«c., 

2,044  ;  .Schmut/.,  Soc.  Lab.,  615. 

The  vote  for  Presiflent  in  1900  was:  Bryan,  Dem.,  235,103; 
McKinley  Rrp.,  227,128 ;  Woolley,  i'ro.,  3,780;  Barker,  Pop., 
1,861  ;   Debs,  ti,c.,  045;  Malloney,  Soc.  Lab.,  390. 

The  scatterinsj  vote  for  Governor  in  1907  w.is:  Pickett,  Pro., 
6,352  ;  Andrews,  Soc,  1,499;  Arnold,  Soc.  Lab.,  381. 

VOTE  FOB  REPRKSENTATIVES  IN  CONGRE.SS,  1906. 

Dialrlcti^. 

r.  Counties  of  Ballard,  Caldwell,  Calloway,  Car- 
lisle, Crittenden,  Fulton,  Graves,  Hickman, 
Livingston,  Ivyoii,  Marshall,  McCracken, 
and  Trig.g.  Ollie  M.  James,  Dem.,  12,870;  J. 
D.  Smith,  Pro. ,  2,118.  James'  plurality, 10,752. 

II.  Counties  of  Christian,  Daviess,  Hancock.  Hen- 

derson, HoiJkin.s,  ISIcLean,  Union,  and  Web- 
ster. A.  O.  Stanley,  Dem. ,  13,282;  Pnnl  M. 
Moore,  Rep.,  7,406;  Hill,  Pro.,  551;  Poll, 
Ind. ,  229.    Stanley's  majority,  5,876. 

III.  Counties  of  Allen,  Barren,   Butler,  Edmon- 

son, Logan,  Metcalfe,  Monroe,  Muhlenberg, 
Simpson,  Todd, and  Warren.  J.  M.Picliard- 
son,  Dem.,  14,288;  A.  D.  Jame.s,  Rep.,  14,987; 
Collins,  Pro.,  612.     James'  plurality,  699. 

IV.  Counties   of   Breckinridge,  Bullitt,  Grayson, 

Green,  Hardin,  Hart, Larue,  Marion,  Meade, 
Nelson,  Ohio,  Taylor,  and  Washington.  Ben 
Johnson,  Dem.,  15,128;  M.L.  Heverin.  Rep. , 
9.819;  lloe.  Pro.,  631.  John,son's  plurality, 
5,309. 

V.  County  of  .Jefferson.     Swagar  Sherlev,  Dem., 

15,698;  W.  C.  Owens,  Kep. ,  12,210;* Jensen, 
Pro.,  376;  Dobbs,  Soc,  244.  Sherley's  plu- 
rality, 3,488. 

VT.  Counties  of  Boone,  Campbell,  Carroll,  Galla- 
tin, (4rant,  Kenton,  Pendleton,  and  Trimble. 
Joseph  L.  Khinocic,  Dem..  13,348;  Wni.  V. 
Schuennan,  iiep.  ,  12  973;  Brashear,  Pro., 
371;  Andrews. Sue.  ,933.  Khinock'spliiralitv, 
415.  1  .  . 

Vir.  Counties  of  Bourbon,  Fayette,  Franklin, 
Henry,  Oldham,  Owen,  .Scott,  and  Wood- 
ford. W.  P.  Kimball.  Dem.,  15,648;  Jo.seph 
W.  Calvert,  Hep.,  5,o66;  Zacharv,  Pro.,  439. 
Kimball's  plurality,  10,582. 

VIII.  Comities  of  Anderson,  Boyle,  Gdrrard,  Jes- 
samine, Lincoln,  Madison,  Mercer,  Jtockcas- 
tle,  Shelbv.  and  Spencer.  Harvey  Helm, 
Dem.,  13,182;  L.  W.  Bethurnm,  Rep.  ,10  264; 
Dematee,  Pro.,  601,    Helm's  plurality, 2,918. 


714 


Election  Returns. 


KENTUCKY— Cb?t/i?iHed. 


IX.  Couutles  of    Bracken,   Bath,    Boyd,  Carter, 

Fleming,  Greenup,  Harrison,  Lewis,  Law- 
rence, Mason,  Nicholas,  Robertson,  and 
llovvan.  Jas.  N.Kehoe,  Dem. ,  17,314;  Joseph 
B.  Bennett,  Rep.,  18,430;  Louier,  Pro.,  145. 
Bennett"  s  plurality  1,116. 

X.  Counties   of    Breathitt,  Clark,  Elliott.   Estill, 

Floj'd,  Johnson,  Knott,  Lee,  Martin,  Magof- 
fin, Montgomery,  Morgan,  Menifee,  Pike, 
Powell, and  Wolfe.  Frank  A.  Hopkins,  Dem. , 
16,343;  J.  W.  Langley,  Kep.,  17,254;  Cooper, 
Pro. ,430.     Langley's  pluralitj-,  911. 

XI.  Counties  of  Adair,  Bell,  Casey, Clay, Clinton, 

Harlan,  Knox,  Letcher,  Leslie,  Laurel,  Met- 
calfe, Owslev,Perrv,  Pulaski,  Russell, Wavne, 
and  Whitley     A.  Gatliff,  Dem.,  8,719:  D.  C 
Edwards,    Rep..   15,635;  Huffaker,  Pro.,  636. 
Edwards'  plurality,  6,916. 

PRESENT  ST.\TE   GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  A.  E.  Willson;  Lieutenant-Governor, 
W.  H.  Cox;  Secretary  of  State.  Ben  H.  Bruuer; 
Treasurer,  Edwin  Farley;  Auditor,  Frank  P. 
James;  Attorney-General,  J.  B.  Breathitt;  Super- 
intendent of  Education,  John  G.  Crabbe;  Com- 
luissioner  of  Agriculture,  Neville  Raukin— all 
Republicans. 

JUDICIARY. 

Court  of  Appeals  :  Chief  Justice, Ed.  C.  O'Rear, 
Rep.;  Justices,  W.  E.  Settle,  Dem.  ;  H.  S  Barker, 
Dem.  ;  Thomas  J.  Nunn,  Dem.;  John  M. Lassing, 
Dem.;  James  E.  Cantrill,  Dem.;  J.  P.  Hobsou, 
Dem.;  Clerk,  J.  Morgan  Chinn,  Dem. 

ST.^TK  I-EGISLATDRE,  1908. 

Senate.    ITouse.  Joint  Ballot. 

Democrats 22  61  73 

Republicans    16  49  65 


Democratic  majority     6 


2 


VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE 

Dem.      Kep.       Or.  N.B. 

1872.  Pres  ..  100,212    88,816     

1876.  Pres  ..  159,690    97.156    1.944    .... 
1880.  Pres  ..  147,999  104,5.50  11,498    ... 
1884.  Pres.,  152,961  118,763    1,693    .... 

Lab. 
1888.  Pres  ..  183,800  155,134       622    .... 

Pop. 
Pres . .  175,461  135,441  23,500    .... 
Pres..  217,890  218,171      ....  5,114 


1872. 
Iho. 


1892 
1896 
1899 


Gov.t.  191,331  193,714 


1900, 
1903, 
1904 
1907, 


Pres. 

(lOV.  . 

Pres. 
Gov  .. 


235,103  227,128 
229.014  202,764 
217,170  205,277 
196,428  214,481 


3,038 
Pop. 
1,861 
4,830 
2,511 


3,139 

5,225 

6,442 
4,781 
2,346 

3,780 

6',609 
6,352 


8 

Plu. 

•11,396  D 

62,63-1  D 

43,449  D 

34,198  D 

28,666  D 

40,020  D 

281  R 

2,383  R 

7.975  D 
27,250  D 
11,873  D 
18,053  R 


LOUISIANA. 


Pabishks. 
(69.) 


Acadia 

Ascension 

Assumption 

Avoyelles 

Baton  Rouge,  East, 
Baton  Rouge,West 

Bienville 

Bossier 

Caddo 

Calcasieu 

Caldwell 

Cameron 

Carroll, East 

Carroll,  West 

Catahoula. 

Claiborne 

Concordia 

f>e^to ^. 


Governor, 
1904. 


Blan- 
rhard, 

Behan 

Dein. 

Ke£). 

877 

100 

776 

538 

785 

464 

900 

10 

722 

21 

242 

15 

542 

34 

326 

1 

1,328 

18 

1,618 

149 

245 

12 

222 

13 

151 

2 

114 

3 

419 

64 

689 

13 

209 

606 

a 

LOUISIANA- 

-Continued. 

Pakishes. 

PRKSlnF>T, 

1904 

GoTKRMOB, 
1904. 

Parker 
Uem 

~~389 
319 
347 
281 
728 
516 
678 
1,110 
497 
931 
514 
.377 
150 
526 
630 

16,126 
669 
621 
505 
828 
371 
292 
504 
424 
213 
234 
327 
282 
886 
612 
749 
453 
630 
203 
699 
499 
796 
469 
361 
698 
289 

Koos» 
.elt, 
Kep. 

7 
13 

5 
71 

205 
72 
53 
25 
41 

168 
26 
47 

"'20 

125 

380 
26 
38 
10 

107 
12 
7 
58 
34 
12 
30 
99 
24 
60 
23 

193 
59 

170 
6 

144 
15 

111 

275 
36 
21 

128 

Debs, 
Soc. 

1 

'"25 
23 

4 
8 
21 
2 
4 
1 

•  • 

1 

480 
14 

8 

"io 

9 

•  • 

12 

••  • 

1 

24 

1 
8 

"  4 
32 
12 

"  5 

1 

11 

21 

1 

■■34 

Blaii- 
chard, 
Dem. 

2^ 
247 
300 
335 
685 
638 
375 

1,364 
741 

1,259 
549 
373 
125 
334 
512 
16,843 
353 
663 
487 
839 
303 
189 
390 
529 
414 
197 
483 
379 
918 
392 
949 
4(il 
515 
134 
979 
421 
429 
592 
313 
346 
594 

Behiu 

Kep. 

Feliciana,  East 

Feliciana,  West.... 
Franklin 

8 
5 
2 

Grant 

35 

Iberia 

160 

Iberville 

238 

Jack.sou 

5 

Jefferson 

53 

Lafayette 

Lafourche 

36 

267 

Lincoln 

29 

Livingston 

4 

Madison 

Morehouse  

4 

Natch  i  toches 

Orleans 

83 
1,852 

Ouachita 

15 

Plaquemines 

Pointe  Coupee 

Rapides 

20 

1 

51 

Red  River 

5 

Richland 

3 

Sabine  

7 

St.  Bernard 

19 

St.  Charles 

30 

St.  Helena 

19 

St.  .Tames 

301 

St.John  Baptist 

St.  Landry 

28 
71 

St.  Martin 

21 

St.  Mary 

263 

St.  Tammany 

Tangipahoa 

11 

49 

Tensas 

5 

Terrebonne 

Union 

Vermilion 

398 

4 

54 

Vernon 

49 

Washington 

15 

Webster. 

13 

Winn 

186 

Total 

47,747 

42.542 

88.49 

5,205 

9.65 
53,' 908 

995 
i.'83 

48,  .345 
42,468 

89  34 

54; 

5,877 

-Majority 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote 

10.66 
222 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

I.  Parishes  of  Plaquemines  and  St.  Bernard,  and 

part  of    the  City  of  New  Orleans.  Adolph 
Meyer,  Dem. ,8,667;  Henry  Seiner,  Rep. ,  681 ; . 
Alex.  Smith,  Soc,  284. 

II.  Parishes  of  Jetterson,  St.  Charles,  St.   John 

Baptist,  and  St.  James,and  part  of  the  City  of 
New  Orleans.  Robert  C.  Davey,  Dem.,  6,349; 
A.  L.  Redden,  Rep.  ,409;  W.  C.  Hall,  Soc, 
154. 

III.  Parishes  of  Assumption,  Iberia,  Lafayette, 
Lafourche,  St.  Martin,  St.  Mary,  Terre* 
bonne,  and  Vermilion.  Robt.  F.  Broussard, 
Dem.,4,267;S.  P.  Watts,  Rep.,  753. 

IV.  Parishes  of  Bienville,  Bossier,  Caddo,  De  Soto, 

Natchitoche.s,  Red  River,  Sabine,  Webster, 
and  Winn.  John  T.  Watkins,  Dem. ,  8,210; 
2£,  ;p.  Mills,  Bep^  S&. 


Election  Meturns. 


715 


LOUISIANA— CbH<m«€(Z. 


V.  Parishes  of  Caldwell,  East  Carroll,  West  Car- 

roll, Catahoula, Ciaiborue,  Concordia,  Frank- 
lin, Jackson,  Lincoln,  Madison,  Morehouse, 
Ouachita,  Richland,  Tensas,  and  Union. 
Joseph  E.  Kausdell,  Dem.,  3,177.  No  oppo- 
sition. 

VI.  Parishes  of  Baton  Rouge,  East;  Baton  Rouge, 

West;  Feliciana,  East;  Feliciana, West;  Liv- 
ingston, Pointe  Coupee,  St.  Welena,St.  Tam- 
many, Tangipahoa,  and  Wa.shington.  George 
K.  Favrott.Dem.,  3,370:  John  DebIieux,Rep., 
269. 

VII.  Parishes  of  Acudia,  Avoyelles,  Calcasieu. 
Cameron,  Grant,  Rapides,  St.  L,andry,  and 
Vernon.  A.  P.  Pnjo, Dem. ,3,761;  C.C.Duson, 
Rep.,  1,762;  James  Barnes,  Soc,  165. 

,  PRESENT  STATK   GOVKRNMKNT. 

Governor,  Newton  C.  Blanchard  ;  Lieutenant-Governor,  J. 
y.  Sanders;  Secretary  of  State,  J.  T.  Miclieh  Auditor,  Paul 
Capde-ville  ;  Treasurer,  J.  M.  Smith  ;  Attorney-General.  Walter 
Guion;  Superiiiteisdeut  of  Educatiou,  J.  B.  Aswell — all  Demo- 
crats. " 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Cliief  Justice,  J.  A.  Breanx:  Associate  Justices, 
A.  D.  Land,  F.  T.  Xichols.  Frank  A.  Monroe,  O.  O.  Provosty  ; 
Clerk,  T.  McC.  Hyiuau — all  Democrats. 

STATE    LEGISLATUBE,   1905. 

Both  Houses  Denijcratic. 

VOTK  OF  THE  STATE  SI^'CE  1872. 


MAINE — Continued. 


1872.  President 

1872.  Piesident 

1876.  President 

1876.  President 

1880.  President 

1884.  President 

1888.  Pre.^ideut 

1892.  President 

1896.  Governor 

1896.  President 77,175 

19()a  (^ov.'rnor 60,2'J6 

1900.  President 53,671 


Dem. 
66,467 

*57,029 
83,723 

*70,508 
65,06'7 
62,529 
85,032 

87,922 

116.216 


Rep. 
59,975 
71,634 

77,174 
75,315 
38,628 
46,347 
30,484 
Fusion. 
26.563 
Fttsimi. 
90,138 
Jiep.    Xat.B. 
22,0.57      1,834 
2,449 
14,233 


1904.  President... 


47,708      5,2(15 


Soc. 
995 


3faj. 

6,492  D 
14,605  R 

6,549  D 

4,807  R 
26.439  D 
16,182  D 
.54,548  D 

61,S59*D 

26,C78  D 
P/.u. 

55.138  D 
t48,580  D 
t39,438  D 

42.503  J) 


*  Count  of  the  Rep.  Returning  Board,     t  Majority. 

MAiNE. 


Counties. 
(16.) 


Governor, 
1906. 


Androscoggin. 

Aroostook 

Cmnberlaud... 

Franklin 

Hancock.  . .... 

Kennebec 

Kuox 

Lincoln 

Oxford 

Penob.scot . .  . . 

Piscatacinis 

Sagadahoc 

Somerset 

Waldo 

Washington  . 
York , 

Total 

Pkiraiity 

Percent 

Scattering . .  . 

Whole  vote. 


Davis,  j 
Dcm.  I 

o,70l| 
2,117 
10,456 
1.538 
3,137 
6,102 
3.586 
1,945 
2.993 
6.767 
1,226 
1,803; 
3,098 
2,711 
3,357 
4,940 


Ccbb, 
liep. 


4,254 
4,891 
9,839 
2,4.58 
3,954 
6,034 
3.011 
2:279 
4.620 
6,9.35 
1,958 
1,923 
3,647 
2,832 
3,798 
6,882 


Wocl- 

waril, 

t'r>, 

57 
126 
226 
S3 
17 
98 
41 
26 
37 
96 
50 
72 
68 
41 
.34 
117 


Fox, 
Sec. 


President, 
1904. 


165 
22 

356 
8 

60 
97 

177 
32 
44 
85| 

3 
37 

244! 
481 

129 
46 


Parker 

Dem. 

'2T2O6 

736 

4,989 

755 

1,558 

2,333 

1,885 

1,065 

1,.565 

2,243 

616 

754 

1,-324 

1.064 

1,691 

2,860 


Boose 
veh, 
Uep. 


VOTE  FOR  BEPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONOBESS,  1906. 
Dhtricts. 

I.  Counties  of  Cumberland  and  York.    James  C. 

Hamleu,  Dem.,  15,254;  An)OS  L.  Allen,  Rep., 
16,903;  N.  H.  Lord,  Soc,  416.  Allen's  plu- 
rality. 1,649. 

II.  Counties  of   Androscoggin,  Franklin,  Knox- 

Lincolu;-<3xford,  and  .Siigadahoc.  L>.  J.  Mc- 
Gillicuddv,  Dem.,  17,^-16;  Charles  E.  Little, 
field.  Rep.,  18.708;  W.T.  Eustis,  Pro.,  253;  W, 
R.  Pickermg,  Soc,  407.  Liitlefield's  plu- 
rality, 1,462. 

III.  Counties  of  Hancock,  Kennebec,  Somerset, 
and  Waldo.  Edwaid  J.  Lawrence,  Dem., 
14,846;  Edwin  C.  Burleigh, Rep.,  16,727;  8.F. 
I'.meison,  Pro.,  222;  R.  G.  Henderson,  Soc, 
426.     Burleigh's  plurality,  1,8,81. 

IV.  Counties  of  Aroostook,   Penobscot,   Piscata- 

quis, and  Washington.  George  M.  Hanson, 
Dem.. 13,705;  Llewellyn  Powers  Rep., 17,279; 
L.  J.  Sherwood,  Pro  ,  339;  K.  Coggins,Soc., 
121.     Powers'  plurality,  3,574. 

PRESENT  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  Wm.  T.  Cobb;  Secretary  of  State, 
A.  I.  Brown  ;  Trea-surer,  P.  P.  (Tilmore;  Adjutanf- 
General,  A.  B.  Farnham;  Attonie.v-General,  H. 
E.  Hamlin;  Superintendent  of  Education,  Pa.v- 
son  JSmitti ;  Insurance  Commissioner,  S.  W.  Carr— 
all  Republicans. 

JtTDTCIARV. 

Supreme  Judicial  Court:  Chief  Justice,  L.  A. 
Emerv;  Associate  Justices,  L.C.Cornish,  Albert 
:\r  Sp'ear,  W.  P.  Whiteliouse,  Sewall  C.  Strout. 
Albert  R.  Savage,  A.  W.  King,  and  Henry  C. 
Peabody— all  Republicans  except  Strout;  (.'lerss, 
E.  F.  Tompson.  C.  W.  Jones,  C.  F.  Ewert,  Reps. 

STATE  LKGISLATURK,    1907. 

Senate     House.    Jni.nl  Ballot. 

Republicans 23  88  lU 

Democrats 8  63  <1 


61,477169.3151 

..     17.8381 
46.061  51.92! 


1,139 

i.'oi 


l,n63  27,641 

..     I     .. 
l.Oli  28.77 


4,393 

4.681 

9,356 

2,1.35 

3,430 

5,765 

2,538 

1.794 

3.886. 

6,014 

2,043 

1,948 

3,716 

2,249 

3,393 

7,096 


Republican  majorits'    15  25 

■"vote  of  the  STATE  SINCE  1872. 


1872. 
1876. 

1880. 

1884. 

1888. 
1890. 

1892. 
1894. 


Dem.  Hep. 

Presiden  t .  .29,087  61 ,422 

President.. 49,823  66,300 

Dem. 

President .  .65,171  74,039 

President.. 51,656  71,716 


Or.    Pro. 


President. 
Governor. 

President. 
Governor. 


1896.  President 
1898.  Governor, 


.50,481 
.45,331 

.48,044 
.30,621 

r 

.34  688 
.29,497 


64.432 

36.791 

67,10 


1900.  Governor.. 39,823 
190O.  President.  .36.822 
1902.  Governor.  .38.349 
1904.  President..  27.630 
1906.  Governor. 61,477 


64,214 

62.923 
69,599 

80.465 
54  266 

73,955 
65,435 
65,839 
64,437 
69.315 


663 

4,408 
3.994 

Lab. 

1,344 

1.298 

Fop. 

2,381 

5.321 

X.  D. 

1.870 

315 

.Sor.  D. 

632 

873 

1,973 

2,lii3 

1,553 


40 

Pin 
*32,335 
16,477 


R 
R 


235 
2,160 

2,691 

2.981 

3,062 
2,730 

1570 
2,335 

3,538 
2,535 
4,376 
1,510 
1,139 


8,863  R 
20,060  R 


23  253 

18.883 


R 
R 


14.979  R 
38.978  R 

45,777  R 
24,769  R 


34,132 

28,6.13 

27.190 

36,807 

7.838 


R 
R 
R 
R 
II 


Majority 


MARYLAND. 


Counties. 
(24.) 


Pke-idest. 

I'.i04. 


GOVI.BVi 

l'.i07. 


Ri 


Pi'ker 
Deal. 


Allegany.  ... 
.\nne  .\rund' 


3,326 
3,001 


K«)  >9e 
velt, 

5,232, 
2.849i 


Cro- 
theTB, 

iK-m. 

3.141 

2.598 


133.484 


96.018 


For  Preside-it,  19i'4,  S«.<illow,  Pro.,  reteived  1,510  votes  , 
Debs,  Soc,,?, 101. 

The  vrts  fr>r  Oovernor  in  1904  wi\s:  Davla,  Dem.,  49, "91  ; 
Cobb,  Hen,  75^691  ;  Woodbury,  Pro.,  2,756  }  HopgO()d,  Soc, 
1,576, 


(iii- 
ti'.er, 
IC-i.. 

'4,214 
2,536 
6,937 


Baltimore  C'y  47.901  47.444';  9.28.^ 

-  -         45,777'41,634 

-         952 


Baltimore  Co 
Calvert. 
(I^aroline 
Carroll  . 
Cecil.... 

Charles 1  1,180 

Dorchester .  , .!  3,087 


9,394! 
740' 
1,809 
3,.527 
2,554 


l,030i 

1,452 

3,3,57 

2,4251 

l,659i 

8,680' 


-33 

1.6.53 
3,264' 
2,292, 
878 
2,1531 


I'KKSll.KNT, 

l-'OO. 

»7^"''Kln>. 

'^'^'^^     U-j. 

X528  "6.944 

I   3,298'    4,045 

51.  y7v<  ,58.88(1 

9, 147 1   9,351 

'      866 


1,397 
3.0531 
1,9541 
1.330! 

;5,370l 


1,774 
4.025' 
2,989i 

l,:^i 
2,7341 


1,414 

1,798 
4,105 
2,960 
2,'271 
3,36? 


716 


Election   lietui'yis. 


MARYLAND— a)/i/<>iM£d. 


COU.NTIES. 


Frederick  . . . 

Garrett  

Harford  

Howard  

Kent 

Montgomery 
Pr'ce  George's 
Queen  Anne's 

Somerset 

St.  Mary's.... 

Talbot 

Washington  .. 

Wicomico  

Worcester 

Total 

Plurality 

Percent  

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


Pkksidknt, 
1904. 


Parker 
Dem. 

5.004 
947 
3,151 
1,914 
1,956 
3,082 
2,270 
2,258 
1,247 
1,580 
1,861 
4,064 
2,593 
2,000 


GOVEKNOK, 

1907. 


velt, 
Kep. 

5,788 
2.051  • 
2,561  j 
1,258 
1,811 
2,711 
2,845 
1,487 
1,874 
1,174 
1,999 
4,581 
2,179 
1,450 


109440  109497 

..I        51 

48.811   48.81 

5,286 

224.229 


Cro- 

<i.ii- 

thers. 

ther. 

Dem. 

l{ep. 

4,355 

5,443 

836 

1,630 

2,731 

2,187 

1,965 

1,026 

1.616 

1,420 

2,830 

2,326 

1,949 

1,985 

1,682 

1.131 

1 ,6.59 

1  587 

922 

1,124 

1789 

1.402 

3,737 

3,944 

2,439 

1,832 

1,717 

986 
94,300 

1020.51 

7,751 

55.45 

44.55 

4,215 

208.686 


Pbesident, 
1900. 


Bryan, 
Deiii. 

5,8'24 
1,283 
3,509 
1,905 
2077 
3.679 
2.787 
2,55:^ 
2,019 
1,585 
2,233 
4,865 
2,793 
2,451 


6,393 
2.264 
3,146 
1,800 
2,426 
3,355 
3,456 
1,873 
2,855 
2,089 
2,573 
5,476 
2,378 
1,991 


122271136212 

..      13,941 

46.21'  51.49 

6,028 

264,511 


II 


III. 


IV. 


VI. 


For  President  in  1904,  Debs,  Soc. ,  received  2,247 
vote.-^;  Swallow,  Pro.,  3,034;  scattering,  5. 

In  1904,  tor  President,  the  Renulilicans  elected 
oue  elector  and  the  Democrats  seven  electors. 

VOTEKOBBEPRESENT.4TIVES.IX  COXGKESS,  1906- 

Districts. 

I.  Counties  of  Caroline,  Dorchester,  Kent,  Queen 
Anne's,  Somerset,  Talbot,  Wicomico,  and 
Worcester.  JamesSmith.  Dem„  16,124;  Wuj. 
A.  Jackson,  Rep.,  18,567;  J.  M.  Dulany, 
Pro.,  1,338.  Jackson's  plurality, 2.443. 
Baltimore  City,  counties  01'  BuUiinorc.  Carroll, 
Cecil,  and  Harford.  J.  F.  C.  Talbot.  Dem. , 
17,870;  U.  (4arrett,  Rep.,  16,618;  Green,  Pro.. 637; 
Riiuer,  Soc, 439.  Talbot's  plurality,  1,252. 
Baltimore  City.  Harry  B.  \Uolf,  Dem.  ,15,- 
725;  \Vm.  SV.  .fohnson,  Rep.,  14.841;  Gorsuch, 
Pro.,  378;  Jarboe,  Soc  , 617.  Wolf's  plural- 
ity, 884. 

Baltimore  City.  John  Gill,  Jr.,  Dem.,  18.010- 
J.  V.  L.  Findley,  Rep..  16,306;  Jett.  Pro., 
613; Steele, Soc,  584.  Gill's  plurality,  1.704. 
Baltimore  City.  G.  M.  Smith,  Dem.,  13.405; 
S.  E.  Mudd,  Rep.,  16,798;  Silk,  Pro.,  492; 
Maliews,Soc.,  613.     Mudd's  plurality,  3,393. 

Counties  of  Allegany,  Frederick,  Garrett, 
Montgomery,  and  Washington.  H.  R.  Si)e.s- 
sard,Dem. ,  11,232;  (4.  A.  Pearre,Rep. ,  16,- 
136;  Loppington,  Pro.,  959;  Culp,  Soc, 853, 
Pearre'spluraliti',  4,904. 

PRESKXT  STATE  GOVEBXMENT. 

Governor,  An.stinL.Crothers;  Secretary  of  State, 
Oswald  Telgham;  Treasurer,  Murray  Vandiver; 
Comptroller,  Joshua  Herring;  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral, Clinton  D.  Rigss;  Attorney-General,  Isaac 
li.  Strauss;  Superintendent  of  Education,  M. 
Bates  Stevens  ;  Comrni.s.sioner  of  Insurance, 
B.  Frank  Crouse;  Commi.ssionorof  Public  Lands, 
iC.  Stanley  Toadvin— all  Democrats. 

JUDICIARY. 

C-ourt  of  Appeals:  Chief  Judge,  James  McSher- 
ry;  .\s.sociate  Judges,  N.  Chas.  Burke,  A.  Hunter 
»)yd,  Henry  Pago,  I.  Thomas  Jones,  John  P. 
Briscoe,  S.  J^.  Schmucker,  and  Jamtis  A.  Pearce; 
Clerk,  Caleb  (J.  Magruder— all  Democrats  except 
Schmucker,  Republican. 

8TATE  LEGLSLATURE,  1908. 

Senate. 

Democrats 17 

Republicans 9 

lud.  Dem 1 

3Democratic  majority . .       i 


M  A  R  Y  L  A  }iD—Coiitin  ucd. 


use 

Joi 

it  Bailof. 

71 

88 

30 

39 

,  , 

1 

VOTE  OF   THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 


JDem.  Rep. 

1872.  President.  67,506  66,442 

1876.  President.  91,780  71,981 

1880.  President.  9;],:06  78,515 

1884.  President.  96.866  82,748 

1888.  President. 106,168  99,986 

1891.  Governor.  108,539  78,388 

1892.  Pre.sident.  113.866    92,736 

1895.  Governor.  106,169  124,936 

1896.  President. 104,735  1.36,9.59 

1899.  Governor.  128,409  116,286 

1900.  President.  122,271  136,212 

1903.  Governor.  108,548    95.923 

1904.  President.  109,446  109,497 
1907.  Governor.  102,051    94,300 


Or. 


P)-o. 


818 
578 


Pop. 
796 
989 

N.  D. 

2,507 


2,827 
4,767 
5,120 

5.877 
7,719 


PlH. 

*1,064  D 
*19,799  D 
15.191  D 
11,118  D 
6,182  D 
30,151  D 

21.1.30  D 
18,767  R 


S.  1). 

908 

1,302 

2,247 


5,918    32,224  R 
5,275    12,114  D 


4.582 
2,913 
3,034 
3,776 


13,941  R 

12,625  D 

51  11 

7,751  D 


'Majoritj'. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


Counties. 
(14.)       ^ 


41 


48 


Barnstable... 

Berkshire 

Bristol 

Dukes  

Essex 

Franklin 

Hampden 

Hampshire   . 

Middlesex 

Xantucket  . . 

Norfolk 

Plvixiouth 

Suffolk 

Worcester 


Total  

Plurality 

Per  cent 

S^ttering 

Whole  vote. 


GuVKKNOU. 

ia07. 


PutSIDIiKT, 

1904. 


Whit- 
ney, 
Dem. 


451 

3,462 

4,896 

44 

7,  .363 

726 

4.539 

l,0ti8' 

12,862; 

81 

4, 239 

1,738 

22.998 

7,344 


Guild, 'Parker 
Kep.     Dem. 


2.7281 

6,622 

14,667 

428 

24.289 

3.121 
10, 520 

4.038 

41, 051 

310 

11,590 

8,389 
37, 396 
22,819 


900 

5,800 

11,103 

120 

18,562 

1,672 

9,369 

2  292 

32  ,'889 

170 

8,372 

5,746 

51,714 

17,037 


Koose- 

[  velt, 

Kep. 

'   3,638 

9,310 

18.742: 

602' 

3(i,980' 

5,034! 

14.962' 

5,892! 

55.704- 

378! 

16.104 

12. 671  i 

43, 681 1 

34,124; 


Swal- 
low, 
Pro. 

77 
156 
344 

13 
860 

84 
195 
140 
951 

253 
194 

487 
518 


70,842 


Debs, 

Soc. 

35 

361 

724 

9 

2,36b 

217 

1,115 

248 

1,665 

1 

1,036 

2,043 

2.387 

1,397 


188068165746  257822'  4,279 '13, 604 
30.233      ..      92,0761     ..     I     .. 
28.10    71.90,  37.23.  57 .92^    0.961     3.05 
3,653 
373  695       I  445,104 


For  Governor,  1907,  Whitney  received  13,547 
votes  on  Dem.  Citizens,  Independent  Citizens  and 
no  designation  tickets;  Hisgen,  Independent 
League,  75,489;  Prohibition  Party,  3,810;  Brown, 
Soc,  7,621;  Brennan,  Soc.  Lab.,  2,999. 

For  President  in  1904,  Corrigan,Soc.  L. ,  received 
2,359  votes;  Watson,  Pop. .  1.294. 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

Districts. 

I.  Counties  of  Berkshire,  Franklin  (part),  Hamp- 

den  (part).    Hampshire    (part).     Frank   J. 
Lawlor,  Dem.,   9,528;  George  P.Lawrence, 
Rep.,    15,622;    Benjamin    Clow,    Soc,   l,0l2. 
Lawrence' s  plu ijili I y, 6,094, 

II.  Counties  of  Franklin  (part),  Hampden  (part), 

Hampshire  (part),  Worcester  (part).  Ed- 
ward A.  Hall,  Dem.,  8.412;  Frederick  H. 
Gillett,  Rep..  15,873;  (it-orge  H.  Wrenn, 
Soc,  1,622.    Gillett's  plurality,  7,416. 

III.  County  of  Worcester '  part ).    William  I.  Mc- 

Laughlin, Dem.,  10,415;  (jharles  G.  Wash- 
burn, Rep.,  15  686;  \j.  F.  Weiss,  Soc,  65S. 
Washburn's  plurality,  5,271. 

IV.  Counties  of  Worcester  (part)  and  Middlesex 

(part).  C.  Q.  Tirrell,  Rep.,  20,750;  Timothy 
Ricliardson,  Soc,  5,501.  Tirrell's  plurality, 
15,499. 

V.  Counties  of  Es.sex  (part)  and  Middlesex  (part). 

Joseph  .1.  Flvnn.  Dem. ,  12,881;  Butler  Ames, 
Rep. ,  15.778;  F.  P.  Folsom,  Soc. ,  470.  Ames' 
plurality,  2,897. 

VI.  County  of  Essex  (part).  George  A.  Schofleld, 

Dem.,  14,055;  Augustus  P.  Gardner,  Rep., 
18.390;  John  F.  Putnam,  Soc,  1,108.  Gard- 
Uer '  s  »1  n  i-H  1  i  t  y ,  4,336. 


l^lection  Iteturtts. 


717 


MASSACH  USEl  T6— Continued. 


MICHIGAN. 


VII.  Counties  of  Essex  (pari),  JNIiddlesex  (part). 

Jobu  A.   O'Keele,    Deui.,  9,816;  Krnest  W. 

Huberts,  Rvp. ,    21.752;  li.    W.  Giduey,  Soc, 

1,172.     Kobercs'  plmaliiy,  11,946. 
\ni.  County    of    Middlesex  (part).    Fred'k  S. 

Declrick,  Deni. ,  11690;  Sauuiei  W.  :McCall, 

liep. ,  17,952  ;  U.  D.  i''ield,  .'^oc. ,  597.  McCall's 

majority,  6,262. 

IX.  County  of    Suffolk    (part).    John  A  Keliher, 

Deni.,  15,997;  Kdwaril  <'.  \Vebb,  Hep.,  6.256; 
G.  \V.  (.Calvin,  ttoc.  1,242.  Kelilier's  plu- 
nJity,  9,741.  ,  „     , 

X.  Coimties   of    Suffolk   (part),    Isorfolk  (part). 

Joseph  F.  OCoiuiell.  hem. ,  18,979;  Edward 
B.  Callender.  Rep.,  14,621:  J.  E.  Worcester, 
Soc,  948.     O'  Coniieirs  plurality,  4,358. 

XI.  Couutv  of  SuHblk  (i)art).  Andrew  J.  Peters, 
Dem. '  18,099;  Daniel  W.  Lane,  Rep.,  14,670; 
G.  G.  Cutting,  Soc,  785.  Peters'  plurality, 
4  429 

XII.  Counties  of  Bristol  (part),  Norfolk  (part). 
David  W.  Murr.iy,  I>eni. ,  10,591:  John  W  . 
Weeks,  Rep.,  18.948;  C.  C.  Jordan,  Soc, 
1,289.    Weeks'  plurality,  8,o57. 

XIII.  Counties  of  Dukes,  Mautuckei,  Bristol 
(part),  and  Plymouth  (pari).  Francis  21. 
Kennedy,  Denj. ,  6.60:J:  Wm.  S.  Greene, 
Rep.,  14,238.     Greene's  majority,  7,633. 

XIV.  Counties  of  Barnstable,  Plymouth  (part), 
and  Bristol  (part).  Thomas  F.  Eoon-m, 
Dem.,  6,815;  Wm.  C.  Loreriiiir.  Rep.,  18,0u2; 
D.  A.  White,  Soc,  4,?.Gl.  Loveriug's  plu- 
rality, 11.287. 

PRKSKXT  STATK  GOVKRXMEXT. 

Governor,  Curtisj  Guild,  Jr.,  Rep.;  Lieutenant- 
Governor.  Eben  S.  Draper;  Secretaryof  Stale,  Wm. 
M.  Olin;  Treasurer,  Arthur  B.  (.'hapin;  Auditor, 
Henry  E.  Turner;  Adjutant-General,  W.  H. 
Brigi.iani ;  Attorney- General,  Dana  Malone; 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture.  .T.  Lewis 
Ellsworth;  Commissioner  of  Insurance,  Frank 
C  Kardisou— all  Republicans. 

JUDICI.A.RY. 

Supreme  .Tudicial  Court  for  the  Commonwealth : 
Chief  Justice,  Marcus  P.  Knowlton;  Justices, 
James  M.  Morton,  Arthur  P.  Ru?g,  Henry  Newton 
Sheldon,  Joliu  W.  Hiimniond,  William  C  Lorintr, 
and  Heiirj'K.  Bradley;  Clerk  of  the  Court,  John 
ISToble— all  Republican.s. 


STATE    LEGISLATDKK,  IS 

08. 

Senate. 

House.  Jni) 

I  Ballot. 

Republicaa.s. . . 

30 

172 

59 

202 

Democrats 

8 

67 

Others 

2 

9 

11 

Republican  majority...  20 

104 

124 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE 

SINCE  1872. 

JDem.     Rep. 

Gr. 

Pro. 

Plu. 

1872.  President. 

59,195  1.3S,495 

•  •  •  • 



*74,300  R 

1876.  President. 

108,777  150.(iiJ3 

*41,286  R 

1880.  President. 

111,960  165,205 

4,548 

682 

5:^,245  R 

1884.  President. 

122,352  146,724 

2-1.382 
Lab. 

Po]). 
3.210 

9,923 

24,372  R 

1888.  President. 

151,855  183,892 

8,701 

32,037  R 

1892.  President. 

176,813  202,814 

7,5.39 

26,001  R 

18;4.  (Governor. 

.123,930  189.307 

9.037 

9,965 

65,377  R 

1896.  Governor. 

.  121,599  186.280 

7,786 

9,170 

64,681  R 

Dcin.-Pil).   /:>)!. 

A'.  li. 

PriK 

1896,  Governor. 

.  103,662  25X,204  1-1,164 

4,472 

154,542  R 

1896.  President. 

.  105.711  278,976 

11,749 

2,998 

173,265  R 

1897.  Governor. 

.    79,552  165,«95 

13,879 
10,778 

4,948 

85,543  R 

1899.  Governor. 

103,802  168.902 

7,402 

65.100  R 

19ii0.  President 

156,W7  23s,»iJt5 

2.599 

6.190 

71,869  R 

190.1.  Ciovernoi-. 

114,362  ls.r),S(i9 

8.898 

4,'.«0 

71,447  R 

1902,  Governor. 

159.156  196,276 

39.7(18 

J,.")3H 

37,120  K 

1903.  (iovernor. 

16:!.70O  199.684 

25,251 

3.278 

35.984  K 

1904.  President. 

165,746  257,822 

i:;.604 

4,279 

92.076  R 

1.405.  Governor. 

174,911  197,469 

12,874 

3,2«6 

22  558  R 

1907.  Ooyeraor, 

7y,842  18ti.«J68 

7,6:il 

3,bl0 

117,226  R 

COCNTIKS. 

(85.) 


Alcona 

Alger 

Allegan 

Alpena 

Antrim 

Arenac 

Baraga 

Barry 

Bay 

Benzie 

Berrien 

Branch  

Calhoun 

(Jass 

Charlevoix.  . 
Cheboygan  . . 
Chippewa  — 

Clare  

Clinton 

Crawford 

Delta 

Dickinson 

Eaton 

p:mmet 

Genesee 

Gladwin 

Gogebic 

Gr'd  Traverse 

Gratiot 

Hillsdale 

Houghton  . .. 

Huron 

Ingham 

Ionia 

Iosco 

Iron 

Isabella 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo.. 

Kalkaska 

Kent 

Keweenaw  . 

Lake 

Lapeer 

Leelanau.  — 

Lenawee 

Livingston.. . 

Luce 

Mackinac  . . . 

Macomb  . — 

ilanistee 

Marquette.. . 

Mason 

Mecosta 

Menominee. . 

Midland 

r^ti-ssaukee  . . . 

Monroe 

Montcalm  . . . 

M'ntm'  r'ucy 

^Muskegon  .. . 

Newaygo 

Oakland 

Oceana 

Ogemaw 

Ontonagon.. . 

0.sceola 

Oscoda 

Otsego 

Ottawa. 

Presque 

Roscommon. 

Saginaw 

Sanilac 

Solioolcraft. .. 

Shiawassee.. . 

St.  Clair 

St.  Joseph 


Governor, 
190b. 


Kim- 
merle, 
l>t?iii. 


58| 

176: 

848 
930, 
372 
666; 
188 

1,746' 

2,577| 
188 

3,749 
989  i 

2,6041 

2,367 
296 

1,()»6 
768 
42.S 

1,661 
234 
266 
129 

2, 069 
637 

2,029 
132 
720 
399 

1,742 

l,02b 
957 

1,191 


Isle 


3,874 
2,505 

418 

53 

1,478 

4, 33" 

3,8»5 

109 

4,426 

.      21 

71 

1,415 

2<r2 

3.410 

o  •)•)- 

^,  -111 

169 

553 

2,986 

1,546 

572 

983 

498 

1,006 

744 

38: 

3.113 

1.145 

126 

1,503 

381 

2,  355 

656 

325 

451 

492 

77 

113 

1,23,. 

311 

131 

6.107 

3.9.M 

2, 102 

716 

116 

2,126 


\Vhi- 
ner, 

Ur)!. 

727 

745 

2.489 

1,885 

1, 370 

886 

544 
2,324 
4.712 
1.  033 
5,143 
2.514 
4.378 
2  322 
i',726 
1.795 
2,204 

875 
2,418 

471 
1,743 
1,937 
3, 172 
1,416 
4,o72 

606 
1.660 
1, 213 
2,854 
2,210 
4.009 
2,610 
5.151 
3.599 

844 

446 
2.380 
5,474 
4,624 

433 
10. 337 

455 

369 
2,800 

712 
4,957 
2.380 

467 

823 
3.804 
2,174 
3,814 
1,389 
1,381 
1,897 
1,652 
1,022 
3.217 
3,280 

444 
3,491 
1.175 
4,052 
1.579 

947 
1,095 
1,279 

270 

443 
3, 195 
1.219 

304 
6.687 
5,581 
2.741 
2, 226 

723 
3,914 


K.  ed. 
Pro. 

~'  \b 

19 

1181 
28 
48 
4li 
11! 

163 

86; 

102 1 

1591 

66 

191 

97 

65 

34 

52 

26' 

99 

13, 

34! 

IO8 

130 

142i 

261; 

1:^, 

128j 

95 

122 

119 

494 1 

101 

312 

384 

15 

24 

67 

191 1 

2291 

29 

376 

9' 

109 

45 

2Ui 

367 

24 

161 

107 

44 

188 

75 

52 

74 

31 1 

36; 

12-71 

"W 

46 

46  j 
175! 
203' 

46; 

20! 

68! 
2 

1/ 
111 

13 

5 

143 

154 

86, 
130' 

10 
339 


rEESIDKNT, 
1900. 


Walk- 
er, 
Soc. 

4 
13 
61 
64 
15 
47 

3 
16 
94 
23 
152 
43 
897 
65 
46 
35 
20; 

0, 
21 
12 1 
49  j 
42! 
66: 
111 
198 
11 
44 
14 
28 
20 


Parker 
Dem. 


204 

1,576 

906 

436 

457 

185 

1,813 

3,141 

295 

3,817 

1,596 


Koose- 
ve!t, 
Jiep. 

92'  901 
1,079 
5,586 
2,494 
2,607 
1,372 
564 
3,675 
7,612 
1,581 
7,309 
4,387 


3,098;   7,509 
1,935;   3,149 


4741  2,770 

979:  2,571 

661  2,9:il 

516;  1,454 

2,062i  4,101 

190  587 

659;  3,329 

282'  2,984 

2,140'  5,551 

9411  2,710 

2,278  6,592 

232  1,093 

415  2,110 

592  3,379 

1,861  4,529 

1,655  4,948 
8,^:v? 

,  4,193 

69    3,868i  6,813 

57    2,724;  5,440 

8 


217:   1,470 
26     1,482 


6 
15 


l,.S20l 

42i   4,130] 

265    3,252 


4261  1,481 
1391   l.*>^ 


13 

991 

12 

5 
34 

4 
33 

9 

3 

4 
16 
55 
322 
18 
45 
43 
25 

4 
23 
57 

2 

341 

19 

32 

29 

8 
34 

5 

1 

115 

4 

10 

393 

111! 

62 

19 


183 


3,544 
7,779 
7,168 
i;351 


6,425  20,266 
29,      659 


2101 
1,518 

416 
3,334, 


905 
3,916, 
1,464 

,891 


1,989;   3,287 
63l      364 


1,189 
4,815 
3,157 
5,655 
2,39a 


5(i3 

2,990 

1,2,% 
785 

761  . 
896  i  3,313 
9911  3.244 
765!  2,107 
344    1,781 

3,126    4,405 

1.3711  5,312 


149 i  654 

1,178  5,452 

791  2,965 

3,956  6,981 

594  2,653 

.S29'  1,320 

356  1,346 

562'  2,934 

44;  323 

266!   l.'-^l 
1,553  i   5,907 
364    1.870 
117 1      373 
5,343  10,146 
1,213 i   4,669 
225    1,471 
..,  2.238    5.552 
10!  3,246.  8.307 
24)  2.1751  3,64d 


718 


Election  Returns, 


MlCHIGA2s"— aw<i7iued. 


CoU."iTIK3. 


GOVEKNOB, 

1906. 


Tuscola 

Vau  Bureu  — 
Wa-shteuiuv  . . 

Wayue 

Wexiord    ..  .. 

Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scatteriii;^ 

Whole  vote 


Kim- 
merle, 
Oem. 

1.194 

1.280 

3,758 

24,713 

397 


War- 
ner. 

Uej,. 

2,^ 

:^.095 

5,220 

34. 728 

1.758 


Keed, 
Pro. 

249 
143 
110 
403 
174 


Walk- 
er, 
Soc. 


President, 
1904. 


Parker 
I.)em. 


-I- 


1299631 
34.'7l! 


•w 


1  .OJ)  ( 


97,. 594 
60.88! 
1.153 
373. 739 


9,140 
2.61 


40   1.520 

1    1,632 

.33'  3,777 

573  19. 599!  48. 418 

12'      690'  3,003 


Roose- 
velt, 

Krp. 

l[.99i 
5.250 
6.567 


5.9261134151  361866 
..      227715 


1.74 


25.  75  i  69.  53 

24,420 

520.437 


For  Governor.  1906,  Ricliter,  Soc.  L.  ,  received 
1,153  votes. 

For  President  in  1904.  Swallow.  Pro.,  received 
13,308  votes;  V>%hi^,  S'>c.  ,  8,941;  WatSou.Pop.  ,1.159; 
Uorrigan,  Soc.  L..  l,ol2. 

Tlie  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Ferris.  Dem., 
223  571;  Warner,  Uep.,  283,799;  Shackelton,  Pro.. 
10,375;  Jjanih,  Soc,  6,170;  Meyer,  Soc.  L. ,  781; 
Warner's  plurality,  60  228. 

VOTK  FOR  KKPRE-Slfl-VTATIVKS   IX  COXORES.S.  1906. 

BiJilricls. 

I.  Countv  of  Wavne  (part).    F.F.  Ingram,  Dem., 

16,975;  Edwin  Denby,  Hep.,  23,741;  Wylie, 
Pro., 135;  Erb,  Soc,  375.  Denby" s  plurality, 
6,766. 

II.  Counties    of    Lenawee,     Monroe,    Jack.son, 

Washteuaw,  and  Wayne  (part).  Clias.  K. 
Town.seud,  Hep..  23,397:  J.  W.  Gray,  Pro., 
924.     Tovynseud's  majority,  22,371. 

III.  Cointies.of  TJraticli,  Hiljsdale,  Kalam.^zoo, 
Calboun,  and  l^aton.  John  B.  Sln})nian, 
Dem..  10,388;  Washington  fitirdner,  Kep. , 
16,821:  Shackelton,  Pro.,  693;  Kulp,  Soc, 
881.     Gardner's  plurality,  6,433. 

IV.  Counties  of  St.  .Toseph,  Ca.ss,  Berrien.  Van 

Biiren.  Atlesran.and  Barry.  George  H.  Her- 
kimer, !iym..  11.561;  Kdward  L.  llami  ton, 
Rpjv,  18.553:  MrMaster,  Pro.,  481.  Hamil- 
ton's majori  ty,  6,992. 

V.  Counties  of  Ottawa.   Kent,   and   Ionia.    Wm. 

Alden  Smilb,  Hep..  18,487;  Morris,  Pro.. 
1.006:  Nicies,  Soc,  1,302.  Smiths  plurality, 
17,185. 

VI  Counties  of  Oakland,  Genesee,  Livingston, 
Iiiijbam,  and  Wayne  (part).  Peter  E.  De 
Li-Jl ',  Oeni.  14,-360:  Samuel  W.  Smith,  Rep.. 
24,001;  Hussell,  Pio.,  973;  Mentou,  Soc,  407. 
SmiiiTs  plurality,  9,6-11. 

VI  [.  '"ountiesof  Macomb.  Lapeer.  St.  Clair. Sani- 
lac, Huron,  and  Wayne  (part).  Willium 
Sprini^er,  Dem..  11.028;  Henry  McIMorran. 
Hep. ,  17.100:  P.oviaon,  Pro.,  546;  McMorrau's 
plundity,  6,072. 

VIII.  Counties  of  Clinton,  Saginaw,  Shiawa-ssee. 
*              and    ru.s(rola.     .losepli    W.      I-ordnev,    |:ep  , 

16,849;  Hearlt.  Pro.,  820;  H'Mightuu,  Soc, 
588.     Forduey's    plurality,  16,029. 

IX.  Counties   of    Muskeuon,   Oceana,    Xewaygo, 

Mtv-son,  Lake,  I\[anistpe.  We.vlord,  Benzie. 
Leelauaw,  and  Manitou.  Charles  iJ.  VVinj,', 
Dem.  .5,288;  .Tames  C.  MrLai'gh-in,  Hep.., 
14,374;  Ilurlbnrt,  Pro..  595;  Siner\kp!,  -^..c.. 
252.     McLau-.jhlin's  plurality.-P,0S6. 

X.  Counties  of  Bay.   :^ridInnd,  Gladwin,  Arenac, 

Ogemaw,  Ta.sro.  Alcona.  Oscoda,  Crawford, 
Montmorency,  Alpena,  Presquelsle,  Otsefc-o, 


MICHIGAN— Cb7?f/?«z:cd. 


Cheboygan,  and  Emmet.  George  A.  Loud, 
Rep.,  18  958;  Jo.seph  La  Barge,  Soc,  527. 
Loud's  plunilicy,  lrf,431. 

XI.  Counties  of  Montcalm,  Gratiot,  Isabella.  Me- 

costa, Osceola,Clare,  Roscommon,  Missaukee, 
Kalkaska,  Grand  'i  raverse,  Antrim,  iP.ul 
Charlevoi.v.  Arthur  B.  Lacey,  Dem. ,  7,517; 
Archibald  D.  Darragh.Rep.  ,18,110.  Darragh'.s 
plurality,   lu  593. 

XII,  Counties  of  Delta,  Schoolcraft,  Chiiipew;). 
Mackinac,  Ontonagon,  Marquette,  JNlehonn- 
nee,  Dickinson,  Raraga,  Houghton,  Kewee- 
naw. Isle  Royal,  Alger,  JAice.  Tron,  Cass,  tnid 
(logebic.  .lolin  F.  Rvan,  Dem.,  6,135;  II. 
Olin  Young,  i^ep.,  22,271;  Vivian,  Pro.,  873. 
Young's  plurality,   16,036. 

PRKSKXT   ST.\TK    CVOVKKNMKNT. 

Governor,  Fred.  ivr.  Warner;  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor. P.  H.  Keliey-  Secretary  of  St  to, 
George  A.  Prescott;  Tr'-.n.'snrei",  Frank  P.  Glazier; 
Auditor,  James  E.  Bradlev;  Atfoniev-(ieneral, 
.lohn  E.  P3ird;  Adjutant  General.  William  T, 
McGurrin;  Superintendent  of  Education,  Luth<-r 
L.  Wright;  Commissioner  of  Insurance,  James 
V.  Barry;  Commissioner  of  State  Land  Office, 
William  H.  R.,se-all  Repnblican.s. 

ji'nm.ARV. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Claudius  B. 
Grant;  Justices,  William  L.  Carpenter,  Hep.; 
Joseph  D. Moore, T?>']i.  ;  Aaron  V.TXtcAlvay.Rep.  ; 
R.  M.  Monlicomerv,  Bep.:  Frank  A.  Hooker; 
(  harles  A.  Blair,  Russell  C.  Ostraiider;  Clerk, 
Charles  C.  Hopkins,  Hep. 

STATE  LEGISI.ATURK,   1907. 

Seti'ile.  JffiKxp.  Joint  Ballot. 


Republicans 32 

Democrats 

9S 

S 

127 
5 

Republican  majority     32 

■     90 

122 

VOTE  OK  THK  .STATE  BINCK  1872. 

Dem.       Ef)). 

Gr. 

Pio. 

Phi. 

1872.  Pres 
1876,  Pres 
1880.  Pres 

....  78.-3.50    138.458 
..,.141.595    166,901 
....131,300    185,190 

9,060 
34,795 



*6n,]08  H 

*25.306  R 

53,89<J  R 

1884.  f^ov. 
1884.  Pies 
1886.  Gov. 

Dem.-Gr.'^            Sir. -Or 
...186.887    190,840         414 
....189,361    192.669         753 
...  174,042    181,474 

22.207 
18,403 
25,179 

3,953  Tl 
3,308  R 
7,432  R 

1888.  Pres 

J'>fm. 
....213,469    236,387 

4,555 

20,945 

22,923  R 

1890.  Gov. 

1891.  Sup, 

....183,725    172.205 
Ct.  148,271    153,211 

Indus. 
13.198 
9,121 

23,651 
14.144 

11.-520  D 
4,940  R 

1892.  Pres 

1893.  Sup. 

1894.  (iov. 

1895.  Sup. 

.,..202,296    222,703. 
Ct,  148,712    164.754 
....130,823    2.S7.215 
Ct.  108,807    189  294 

P(ji\ 
19,892 
14,469 
30,012 
25,943 

14,069    20.412  R 
14.526    16.0.S9  H 

18.7h8  106,:^92  H 
18,116    80,487  U 

1896.  Gov. 
1896.  I'rcs 

Bern.- Pop. 
....221,022    304,4.^1 
....236,714    293,582 

N.  n. 

9,7.38 
6,879 

5,499 

5,025 

83.4(t9  n 

56,868  R 

1808.  Gov. 
1899.  Sup. 

....168,142    243,239 
Ct..l65.4S2    216,828 

Pop. 
1.656 
4,856 

7,006 
8,789 

75.097   R 
5l.i;46  R 

1900.  Gov. 
1900.  Pres 
19(i2,    Gov 

1903.  Sup. 

1904.  Gov. 
1906.  f;ov. 

....226.223   305.612 
....211,685   316,^69 
...174,077    211.261 
Ct.l27..5S2    215.826 
...   134,151  361.866 
.,..129,963    227,567 

A'or.  D. 
2,709 
2,81:6 
4.271 
6,402 
8.941 
5,926 

11.8.34    79.W4  It 
11.M.59  104,5H4  U 
ll.:<26    ;-;;.lw4  ll 
14,611    8rt.J4:'.  H 
13,308  227,715  J^. 
9,140   97,594  R 

'Majority,   t  Fusion, 


JElectlon  lletiims. 


?10 


Counties. 
(32.) 


Aiikiii   ..     .  .. 

Aiioka   

Becker 

Beltrami 

Benton 

Big  .'Stone 

Blue  Earth. .. 

Brown 

Clearwater — 

t'arlton 

Carver  

Cass 

L'liippewa 

Chisago 

CJay 

Cook 

Cottonwoofl  .. 
Crow  Wing.   . 

iJakota 

Dodge  

Donglas 

Faribault 

Fillmore 

Freeborn 

tioodliue 

Grant 

Hennepin  ..  . . 

Houston 

Hubbard 

Isanti 

Itasca 

Jackson  

Kanabec 

Kandi30bi .  . . 

Kittson 

Lac  qui  Parle 

Jj&iv^    •••••••■■• 

Le  8uear 

Lincoln  

Lyon 

McLeod  

Marsliall 

Martin 

Meeker. 

Mille  Lacs 

Morrison 

Mower 

Murray 

Nicollet 

Nobles 

Norman 

Olmsted 

Otter  Tail 

Pine 

Pipestone 

Polk 

Pope 

Pvamsey 

Red  r^ake 

Pvedwood 

Renville 

Rice 

Rock 

Roseau 

St.  Louis..... 

Scott 

Sherburne  ... 

Sibley 

Stearns 

Steele 

Stevens.. ..... 

Swift 

Todd ,... 

Traverse 

Wabasha 

Wadena 

Waaeca.  »,.„.. 


MINNESOTA. 


GOVKRNOB, 

1906. 


Johu- 

hOli, 

Dcin. 


629 
1,070 
1.070 
1.224 
1,1«0 

925 
2,970 
2,213 

957 
1,656 

541 
1,294 

i,i;« 

1,748 

604 

126 

881 

1.259 

2,59^ 

912 

1,394 

1,445 

1,472 

1,605 

2,292 

898 

28,404 

694 

913 

1,125 

1,671 

1,3.55 

424 

1,S89 

972 

1,118 

527 

2,545 

788 

1,288 

1,919 

1,760 

1,737 

1,955 

656 

2,546 

1,454 

1,110 

1,712 

1,2.55 

1,282 

2.145 

3.846 

1  210 
'843 

3,066 
705 
16,561 
1,833 
1,;!63 
1.989 

2  449 
'718 

789 
6,522 
1,247 

514 
1675 
4,158 
1,833 

904 
1 ,576 
2,022 

530 
2,126 

766 
l,6t<8 


U..r- 

sett. 

I'lO. 

36 
25 
84 
35 
28 
75 
117 
50 


>oflus 

SoC. 


Pkksident, 
iy04. 


1,033 
794 
723 
911 
858 
355 
139 
513 
1,036 
1,195 
718 
812 
1,500 
1.318 
1,071 
1,926 
360 
14.018 
818 
828 
S89 
1,297 
1,253 
314 
986 
428 
635 
223 
1.202 
351 
815 
814 
711 
972 
86: 
529 
1,091 
1,116 
619 
451 
769 
746 
1,517 
1,4.50 
632 
557 
1,062 
553 
8.862 
803 
926 
1,281 
1,466 
549 
513 
5,109 
329 
505 
761 
1,247 
1,346 
575 
668 
1,343 
3,34 
1,301 
532 
879 


28 

41 

20 
139 

lb 

80 

14 

13 

68 

52 

88 

89 

89 
176 
118 
224 
loo 

45 
824 

9b 

22 
.  65 

55 

68 

14 
140 

I2i> 
21 

123 
52 

11: 
76 

118 

124 
66 
53 

571 
63 
34 

.30 
60 

103 

124 

240 
52 
53 

158 
42 

307 
,59 
61 

133 

95 

40 

50 

182 

27 

69 

47 

108 

75 

39 

91 

148 

26 

80 

27 

48 


54 
14 
47 
77 

8 
14 
40 
46 
103 
11 
42 

6 
11 
69 
49 
12 

3 

189 

33 

0 

21 

5 

12 
41 
38 

4 

.^39 

12 

31 

106 

208 

22 

8 
27 
17 

2 
82 
49 
11 
19 
19 
32 
28 

9 

23 

371 

37 

3 

2 

QO 

1 

12 

169 

76 

5 

214 

5 

442 

130 

8 

9 

25 

118 

316 

9 

9 

14 

54 

7 

8 

11 

55 

2 

18 

1 

lU 


Parker 
Dcin. 

~i9ii 

283 
310 
234 
433 
318 

1,399 
869 
81 
236 
627 
■'22 
338 
156 
388 
31 
214 
333 

1,078 
319 
410 
611 
554 
461 
735 
102 

5,710 
434 
226 
137 
250 
554 
106 
2.52 
157 
243 


1,251 
258 

•331 
793 
275 
6,56 
692 
154 
1,195 
552 
537 
513 
622 
161 

1,145 
869 
463 
269 
696 
1.59 

7,705 
399 
462 
639 

1,063 
241 
182 


1,327 
1,557 

1,872 
1,953 
1,250 
1  234 
3,375 
2,073 

646 
1,480 
1,735 
1,178 
1,830 
2,416 
2,185 

207 
1,541 
2,150 
2,685 
1,499 
2,171 
2,792 
3,242 
2,876 
4,562 
1,209 
31,437 
1,546 
1,344 
1,603 
1,790 
2,032 

872 
2,576 
1,076 
1,886 

603 
2,086 
1,316 
2,394 
1,478 
1,720 
2.167 


SIINNESOTA  -Continued. 


2,327 
1,451 
2,804 
2,769 
1.464 
1,677 
1,7.32 
1,782 
2.736 
4,642 
1,743 
1,183 
3,549 
1,729 
17.557 
1,432 
2,194 
2.925 
3,160 
1,243 
1,042 


CoUNTIKa. 


Washington  .. 

Watonwan 

Wilkin 

Winona 

Wright 

Yellow  Med. . 

Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering    ... 
Whole  vote. 


GOVKBNOB, 

lso6. 


John.- 
.son, 
L)em. 

1^936 
1,0.37 

638 
3.951 
1,819 

954 


Cole, 
i;.p. 

1,264 
706 
411 

1,848 

1,082 

52:S 


92,082 


168715 
76,633 
61.69    34.03 


Dor- 
sett, 
I'ro. 

19 

46 
24 
75 
106 
82 


rnKsmtNT, 
1^04. 


7,709 
?.'61 

273,512 


Loftus,  Parker 
Soc.      Uelil. 


16 
5 

6: 

47 
20 

17j 


652 

307 
246 
2,063^ 
360, 
258 


Koos*- 
rell, 
Kep. 

li,913 
1,4.55 
1,121 
3,734 
3,187 
1,947 


5, 006  55,187  216651 
..     I     ..     1161464 
1.67  23.061  72.27 
19,952 
I       297,592 


1,972  10,375 


1,021 
186 
662 

2,625 

1,069 
362 
462 
741 
247 

1,083 
190 
631 


l,l:« 
1,165 
1,628 
2,84  a 
2,097 
1,2.54 
1,784 
2,961 
885 
2,315 
1,1.59 
1,714 


ri. 


III. 


IV. 


V. 


For  President  in  1904,  Swallow.  Pra ,  received 
6,253  votes;  Debs,  Soc. .  11,692;  Watson,  Pop..  2,004. 

The  vote  lor  (;;overnor  in  1904  was:  John.son, 
Dem..  148,091;  Duuu,  Rep.,  141,847.  Johnson's 
plurality,  6,352. 

VOT).:   KOK  UKfRESENTATIVE-S  IK   COXGRKSS,190b. 

I  'counUesof  Dodge, Fillmore, Freeborn, Houston, 
Mower,  Olmsted,  Steele,  Wabasha,  \\  aseca, 
and  Winona.  Andrew  French,  Dem.,12.b/1; 
Ja.s.  A.  Tawney,  Rep.,  17,052.  Tawuey  s 
majority,  4,381. 

Counties  of  Blue  Earth,  Brown,  Cottonwood, 
Faribault,  Jackson,  Martin,  jNIurray,  Nobles, 
Pipestone,  Rock,  and  Watonwan  W.  s. 
Hammond,  Den).,  13,526;  Jus.  1  McCleai.v, 
Rep  .  10,374;  Tucker,  Pro.  ,811.  Hammond  s 
plurality,  2,42L 

Counties  of  Carver,  Dakota,  Goodhue,  Le 
Sueur,  McLeod,  Nicollet,  Rice,  Scott,  and 
Sibley  Chas.  R.  Davis,  Rep.,  19,4bl.  No 
opposition. 

counties  of  Chi.sago,  Ramsey,  and  Washing- 
lon.  Guslave  Schol le,  Dem. ,  8,17< ;  1-  red  C. 
Stevens,  Rep..  1.5,533;  Laudo,  P.  O. ,  l,39o. 
Stevens'  plurality,  5,958. 

Countvof  Hennepin.  Frank  D.  Larabee,  Dem., 
16,448;  Frank  M.  Nye,  Rep..  23,742:  Lindsay. 
Pro.,  1,1.57;    Dight,  P.    C,  1,386.    Nye  s  piii- 

VI  Cou'iSt ies  of  Benton ,  Cass,  Crow W i ng  Donglas, 
■    Hubbard,    Meeker,     Morrison,    Sherbiu'iie 

Stearns,Todd,  Wadena, and  W  right.  Merrill 
C  Tift,  Dem.,  13,115;  C.  A.  Lmdebergh.Rep., 
16,752.     IJudebergh's  majority,  3,bi/. 

VII  Counties  of    Big   Stone,    Chippewa,  G^rant, 
'  Kandiyohi,   Lac  qui   Parle,  Lincoln,    Lyon, 

Pope,  Redwood.  Stevens,  Swift,  Traverse, 
and  Yellow  Medicine.  A.  J.  VoLstad,  Rep., 
21,291.    No  opposition. 

VIII  Counties  of  Aitkin,  Anoka,- Carlton,  Cook. 
Isanti,  rtasca.  Kanabec,  Lake,  :sii  le  Lacs, 
Pine  and  St.  Louis.  J.  Adam  Bede,  Rep  , 
8,221;  G.  P:.  Peterson,  Pub.  O.,  1,814.  Bede's 
majority, 6,407. 

Counties  of  Becker,  Beltrami,  Clay,  Kittson, 
Alarshall,  Norman,  Otter  Tail,  Polk,  Bed 
Lake,  Roseau,  and  Wilkin.  Hi^'vor  Steener- 
son.  Rep.  ,22,145;  H.  C.  Roen,  Pub.  O. ,  0,490. 
Steenerson's  majority,  15,655. 

PKKSEXT  STATE  UOVKKN  .M  KNT. 

Governor  John  A.Johnson,  Dem.  ;  Lieutenant- 
Governor  \io.  Eberhart  Rep.;  Secretary  of 
Slate,  Julius  A.  Schmahl;  Auditor  l=-\'-J^^I:_ 
son-  Treasurer  C  C.  Dniehart.  Rep.;  Attorney- 
General^S  T  Yonng.  Rep.;  Adjutam-Geuera  . 
Fred  B  Wood,  Dem.  Superintendent  of  Edu- 
cation T  W  6lsT,n,  Rep.;  Commissiouer  of  In- 
surance, J.  M.  Hartigan,  Dem. 

supreme  court:  Chief  Justice  CharlesM  Start. 
Rop. ;  Associate  Justices.  Calv'.L.  Brown  Rep., 
Ed  wird  A.  .1  aggard.  Rep. :  ^^''^rles  T- Lew  is,  nep  . 
Charles  B.  Elliott, Rep  ;  Clerk, C.  A.  Piugeou.i^ep. 


rx. 


no 


Election  Heturns. 


MI  NNESOTA— C'o»Ym(/Af . 


STATE   LEGTSLATURK,    1907. 

iSenate.   House.    Joint  Ballot. 
103 
14 


Rf'piihliran.s 44 

Deimicnits 18 

Populists 1 

Prohibition .. 


2 


Republican 

VOT  K 

1884.  Pres 


1888.  Pres. 


1892.  Pres.. 

1896.  Pres.. 

1898.  Gov  .. 

1900.  (iov  .. 

1900.  Pres.. 


1902.  Gov.... 
1904.  Pres.. . . 
1906.  Gov 


majority     25  87 

OF  THK   RTATR  SINC 

Don.  Ji'rp.  Or. 
.  70,065  111,685  3,583 
U.  J.nh. 
.  104,385  142,492  1,094 
l'oi>. 
.  100,920  122.823  29,313 
.  139,735  193,503      .... 

.  131,980  111,796  1,766 
.  ir,0,65I  152,905  ... 
.  112,901  190,461  .... 
iSor. 
.  99.375  155,861  3.074 
-  55,187  216.651  11,6'.»2 
168,715    92,082    5  006 


147 
32 

•  • 

112 

E1884 

I'm. 
4,684 

J°ln. 
41,620  R 

15,311 

38,106  11 

14,182 

4,;i48 

tl2,367  11 
53,768  R 

5,299 
8,555 

20,184  T 

2,254  R 

77,560  R 

5.735  56,486  R 
6,253  161,464  R 
7,709    76,633   D 


*  Majority, 
vote. 


t  Majority  over  tlie  Fusion  electoral 


Mississippi. 


C0CNT1E.<5. 

(76.) 


A  danis 

Alcorn 

Amite 

Attala 

ReiitoM 

Bolivar 

Callioui) 

Carroll 

Cliicka.sa\v..  . 

t'iioctaw 

Giaiborne 

Clarke 

Clay 

(!oalionia 

Copiali 

Covington  — 

I)e  Soto 

Franklin 

Greene 

Grenada 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Hinds 

Holmes 

Issaquena.. . 
Itawamba... 

Jackson  

Jasper 

Jed'erson 

Jones 

Kemper 

Lafayette  ... 
Lamar ....... 

lianderdale. . 
Lawrence  ... 

Leake  

Lee 

Leflore 

Lincoln 

Lowndes 

]Madison 

Marion 

Mar.shall 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Keshoba 

Newton 

Noxubee 

Oktibbeha..  . 
Pauola 


I'RKSIDKNT, 

1904. 


l'KK>;ir)KNr, 
I'.iOO. 


o     I      I  Kodse 
P'*'-'''''-    yelt, 
Kep. 


Dem. 


632 
972 
652 

1,074 
580 
402 
599 
617 
528 
624 
437 
824 
484 
372 

1,463 
T14 
891 
376 
282 
505 
336 
895 

1,428 

1,103 
96 
838 
650 
654 
39 
944 
633 

1,100 
233 

1,958 
399 
961 

1,104 
490 
593 
891 
719 
394 

l,o;TL 

617 
789 
932 
1,294 
601 
693 
805 


Wat- 
son, 
I'op. 


30 
66 
15 
63 
49 
185 
26 

5 
28 
65 

6 
10 

7 
44 
23 
97 
20 

O.I 

35 
13 
85 

157 
49 
44 
21 
56 
74 
20 
4! 

143 
.351 
48' 

70: 

43' 

84; 
111 

15| 

141 ' 

4; 

34 

141 1 

16 

48 

8 
17 

6 

2 
12 
lU 


14 

12 

61 

37 

7 

4 

13 

30 

40 

60 

2 

9 

20 

4 

103 

5 

8 

34 

1 

5 

8 

22 

8 

28 

1 

12 

5 

33 

5 

92 

57 

6 

19 

48 

10 

35 

26 

7 

12 

3 

6 

5 

3 

25 

10 

83 

59 

9 

17 

6 


Debs, 

S..C. 

11 

10 
li 
6 
2 
2 
4 
8 
12 
5 
2 

o 
O 

1 

3 
6 


3 
4 

1 
47 

16 

57 

1 

o 

8 
1 
3 

20 
5 
5 
4 

10 
4 
1 
5 
2 
9 

"  3 
3 
3 
4 
3 
4 
6 


Bryan, 

ilc- 

IK-M. 

ICinlev 

Kep. 

530 

113 

773 

88 

772 

27 

1,121 

138 

621 

66 

392 

183 

868 

73 

712 

69 

470 

52 

599 

98 

373 

17 

676 

17 

690 

00 

266 

106 

1,314 

54 

452 

206 

734 

51 

403 

36 

139 

65 

481 

28 

314 

67 

619 

142 

1,378 

66 

906 

39 

85 

13 

824 

107 

423 

167 

740 

32 

492 

12 

630 

196 

688 

90 

1, 025 

89 

1,'424 

■41 

533 

120 

997 

26 

1,032 

63 

431 

6 

636 

225 

749 

21 

674 

67 

488 

182 

1.095 

91 

1,277 

62 

844 

28 

803 

41 

1,194 

16 

627 

7 

666 

14 

1.043 

33 

MISSISSIPPI  — C'o»//H?/rr/. 


COITNTIK.'?. 


Pearl  River... 

Perrv 

Pike 

Pontotoc  

Prentiss 

Quitman  .... 

Rankin 

Scott , 

Sharkey 

Simpson 

Smitli 

Sunflower 

Tallahatchie. 

Tate 

Tippah 

Tishomingo. . 

Tunica 

Union 

Wjirren 

Washington  . 

Wayne 

Webster 

Wilkinson 

Winston 

Yalobusha ... 
Yazoo 


Total 

Phirality 

}'er  cent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


Pl<KSll)li.\  I, 

ly04. 


1900. 


Parker 
Dem. 

~T78 
619 
1145 
658 
776 
68 
883 
742 
15: 
649 
696 
423 
639 
726 
1,018 
584 
217 
939 
1191 
792 
478 
557 
458 
703 
921 

666 

53,376 

50.189 

91.42 


Loo.se- 

Wat- 

vell. 

son, 

ne\>. 

r>.i.. 

6 

1 

88 

31 

76 

9 

118 

49 

89 

14 

24 

25 

15 

8 

17 

7 

2 

58 

14 

21 

16 

9 

3 

2 

2 

22 

6 

69 

13 

59 

4 

11 

2 

84 

17 

37 

7 

49 

4 

71 

15 

73 

53 

5 

,  , 

26 

14 

28 

42 

5 

20 

3.187 

1,424 

5.46 

2.44 

392  51,7061  5,753 
..      45.953       .. 
2.67    87.471    9.72 
1.644 
58.383     -  59, 103 


At  the  State  election  in  1903  Vardaman,  for  Gov- 
ernor, received  32,191  votes;  Carter,  forLieutenant- 
Governor,  31,547;  Power,  for  Secretary  of  state, 
32,193;  Henry,  for  A  uditoi,  31,863;  Miller,  lor  Treas- 
urer, 31,768;  Willi  ams,  for  Attorney-General, 31,822 
— ali  IJemocrats,    no  opposition. 

VOTE  KOR  REPRESENTAT1VK.S   IN  CONGRKSS,  1904. 

Disfrictf!. 

I.  Counties  of  Alcorn,  Itawamba,  Nozubee.  Lee, 
Lowndes,  Monroe  ,  Gklil)i)eha,  l'renti.'<s.  and 
Tishomingo.  K.  S.  Chandler,  Jr.,  Dem., 
2,566.  ■  No  opposition. 

TI.  Counties  of  Renion,  De  Soto,  Lafayette, Mar- 
shall, Panola.  Tallahatchie,  Tippah,  Tate, a  lid 
Union.  Thomas  Spight,  I>eui. ,  2,567.  No 
opposition. 

III.  Counties  of  Bolivar,  Holmes,  Coahoma,  Issa- 
quena, r^eflo  re,  Quitman,  Sharkey,  Sunflower, 
'i'unica,and  W  asliington.  B.  G.Hnmphrej'S, 
Dem. .  1,540.      No  opposition. 

IV.  Counties  of  Attala,  Calhoun,  Carroll.  Chick- 
asaw, Choctaw, Clay,  Grenada, IMontgomery, 
Noxubee,  Pontotoc.  \V  ebster,  and  Yalobusha. 
W.  S.  Hill,  Dem.,   2,536.     No  opposition. 

V.  Counties  of  Clarke,  Jasper,  Kemper,  Winston, 

Lauderdale,  Leake.  Neshoba,  Newton,  Scott, 
Smith,  and  Wayne.  Adam  Byrd,  Dem., 
2,782.     No  opposition. 

VI.  Counties  of  Covington,     Greene,    Hancock, 

Harrison,  Jackson,  .lones,  Lawrence. ]\Iarion, 
Perry,  Lamar,  Pearl  River,  Simpson,  and 
Wayne.  E.  J.  Bowers,  Dem.,  4,077:  C.  W. 
Brash,  Soc.  173. 

VII.  Countiesof  A  dams.  Amite, Claiborne, Copiah, 
Franklin,  JelTerson,  Lincoln,  Pike,  and 
Wilkinson.  F.  A.  McLain,  Dem.  ,1,933.  No 
opposition. 

VIII.  Countiesof  Warren,Vazoo. Madison, Hinds, 
and  Rankin.      John.S.  Williams.  Dem.  ,2,091 
No  opposition. 

PRK.SKNT     STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

GPovernor,  K.  F.  Noel;  Lientenaut-Governor, 
Luther  Manship;  Secretary  of  State,  J. \\/ Power; 
Treasurer, Geo.  R.  l^dwards;  Anditor,E.  J.  Smith; 
Superintendent  ol  Kdncation.  P.  C.  Powers; 
Attorney-Cieneral,  R.  V.  Fletcher;  Adjutant- 
General,  Arthur  Fridge;  Land  Commissiouerj 
E.  W.  Nail,  -all  Democrata. 


Pjlcci Ion  Tietm-ns. 


721 


MISSISSirPI— 6'ojifmj<ec?. 


JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court  :  Chief  Justice,  A.  H.  Whit- 
field; As.sociate  Justices,  Joif.  Truly  and  S.  S. 
Calhoon;  Clerk  of  the  Court,  George  C.Meyers— all 
Democrat.s. 

STATE  LKGISLATURK,  1905. 

The  Siaie  Legislature  is  wholly  Democratic. 

VOTE  OF   THK  STATE  SINCE  1872. 

Dent.    lirp.      Gr.     Fop.      JffiJ- 

1872.   President...  47 ,L^87  82,406      35,119  R 

1876.   President. .  .112.143  52,705 
1880.   President.  ..  75,750  34,854 

1884.  President...  76,510  43,509 

1885.  Governor. .    88,783    1,081 


5,797 


1888. 
1892. 
1895. 


Governor. . 

President.  . 
President. , 
Governor. . 


85,471  30,096 
40,237  1,4116 
46.873       .... 


1896.  President...  63,253    4,849 


18?9. 

1900, 
1904. 

1907, 


Governor. . 

President. 
President., 
Governf)r. . 


42,273 
51,706 
63,376 

29. .5.52 


5,753 
3,189 


5H,438  1) 

i40,896  D 

33,001  r> 

87,702  JJ 

r>o. 

218      ....  55,375  D 

910  10,2.56  29,981  1) 

....  17,466*22,407  I) 

Xat.J).  Flu. 
390     1.021  58,404  D 

Fop. 
....    6,097  36,176  D 
....    10,644  45,953  1) 
....     1,425  50,187  1) 
29.5.52  1) 


*Pluralitv. 


MISSOURI. 


Counties. 
.     (115.) 


Adair 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Audrain 

Barry 

Barton   

Bates 

Benton 

Bollinger  . . . 

Boone , 

Buchanan  .. 

Butler 

Caldwell  ... 
Callawaj'  — 

Camden 

Cape  (iir'rd' 

Carroll 

Carter  

Cass 

Cedar 

Chariton  ... 

Christian 

Clark 

Cla  J- , 

Clinton 

Cole 

Cooper   

Crawford 

Dade 

Dallas 

Dayiess 

DeKalb 

Dent 

Douiclas  . ,  . . 

Dunklin 

Fra;iklin  .  .., 
Gasconade.. 

Gentry , 

Greene 

Grundj' 

Harinson  .  . . , 

Henry 

Hickory 

Holt...'. 

Ho'R'ard 

Howell 

Iron 

Jackson  

Jasjjer 

.Tenenson 

Johnson 


Long 

fERM.    1 

SlPREMK       1 

Col 

RT. 

Wood- 

Keu- 

son. 

nisU. 

D.m. 

K-i.. 

1,732 

2.558 

1,735 

2,  057 

1,617 

1,558 

2,846 

1,168 

2, 333 

2,404 

1,958 

1,643 

3, 143 

2,  713 

1,276 

1,750 

1,384 

1.448 

4, 397 

1,289 

8, 406 

7.035 

1,761 

l,9i2 

1.381 

1,965 

3,531 

1,279 

961 

1.426 

2,198 

2.829 

2.797 

2,791 

664 

522 

2,9o2 

2,006 

1.626 

1.646 

2,894 

1.657 

938 

1,850 

1,709 

1,701 

3.(193 

618 

1,998 

1.471 

2.431 

2, 214 

2,411 

2,453 

1.211 

1. 4.52 

1.349 

1,891 

892 

1,563 

2,320 

2, 318 

1.579 

1,584 

1, 370 

1,129 

516 

1,568 

2, 405 

1.338 

2, 301 

3,458 

516 

2,128 

2,161 

1,831 

4,953 

5,642 

1.062 

2. 0.36 

1.601 

2.487 

3,192 

2.  627 

670 

1,118 

l,2fl 

2,141 

2.603 

853 

1,767 

2,103 

830 

7031 

4.118 

3,081 

7,175 

7.710; 

2,482 

2,  689 

3, 269J 

2,  747) 

PilESIDENT, 
1904. 


Parker 

1)«U1. 


1,355 
4.375 
7,736 
1,369 
1.350 
3,596 

883 
2,187 
2,673 

556 
2,750 
1,533 
3,0.58 

871 
1,724 
2,832 
1.886 
2,244 
2,485 
1,175 
1,376 

797 
2  344 
1,607 
1,186 

437 
2  229 
2.278 

'469 
2,157 
4,-540 
1,195 
1.596 
8,222 

531 
1,277 
2,674 
1,605 

861 

20, 5)52 

6,006 

2,260 

3,277 


Itoose- 

Swal- 

velt, 

low, 

K...p. 

I'ro. 

2,791 

62 

2,306 

57 

1,839 

97 

1,454 

45 

2,568 

70 

1,843 

90 

2,9.56 

157 

1,963 

66 

1,587 

27 

1,857 

45 

8,703 

126 

1,960 

25 

2,276 

52 

1,765 

86 

1,466 

31 

3,090 

134 

3,032 

82 

610 

13 

2,375 

87 

1,^85 

35 

2,064 

59 

1,947 

29 

1,836 

64 

1,077 

41 

1,759 

OD 

2,081 

30 

2,767 

19 

1,-535 

16 

1,994 

76 

1,711 

31 

2,568 

132 

1,768 

55 

1.154 

6 

1,830 

18 

1,461 

72 

3,738 

39 

2,045 

26 

2,060 

73 

6,570 

216 

2,596 

52 

3,014 

117 

2,799 

187 

1,245 

15 

2,208 

75 

1,199 

16 

2,089 

27 

670 

11 

25,794 

376 

7,8-51 

296 

2,909 

33 

2,989 

69 

Rebs, 
Soc. 

~183 
11 

23 
18 
98 
212 
91 
13 

"  8 
208 
191 

2 

3 

5 
26 
26 
20 
99 
30 
12 
68 

1 
25 

4 
18 

8 

108 

46 

13 

2 

"  5 

156 

16 

68 

4 

47 

452 

■■  8 

36 

9 

2 

19 

180 

8 

1,856 

1,185 

45 

50 


MISSOURI— Co?i<mit€(i. 


CofNTIKS. 


Ldng  Tkr.m 

SOPRK.MK 
Cf'URT. 


Wood- 
son. 
Dem. 


Kansas  City . . 

Knox 

Laclede 

Lafayette  

Lawrence 

Lewis 

Lincoln  

Linn 

Livingston 

McDonald 

Macon 

Madison 

Maries 

Marion 

JNIercer 

Miller 

Mississippi 

Moniteau 

Monroe 

Montgomery  . 

Morgan 

New  Madrid. . 

Newton 

Nodaway 

Oregon 

Osage  

Ozark  

Pemiscot 

Perry  

Pettis 

Pjjelps 

Pike 

Platte 

Polk 

Pulaski 

Putnam  

Balls 

Randolph   

Ray 

Rej-nolds 

Ripley •. 

St.  Cliarles  . . . 

St.  Clair 

St.  Francois  . 
St.  Genevieve. 

St.  Louis 

St.  Louis  Cit3'. 

Saline 

Sciiuyler 

Scotland 

Scott  

Shannon 

Shelby 

Stoddard 

Stone 

Sullivan 

Taney 

Te.xas 

Vernon  

Warren 

Washington  . . 

Wayne 

Webster 

Worth 

Wright 

Total 

Pluralitj' 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


Ken- 
ni^h, 

lieu. 


16.077 

1.  628 
1,540 
3,571 
2,469 
"2,  095 
2,389 
2.650 
2,355 
1, 3(»0 
3,754 
1.267 
1.161 
3,024 

'612 
l,456i 
1,-562| 
1,790, 
3,S24i 
2.012' 
1,325 
1,7891 
2,3461 
3.440t 

l.'l-ioi 
1,417 

662 
2,144| 
l,6)i 
3.  mo 
1.601 
3,154 
2,480 
1,975 
1,3.55 

811 
1. 824 
3,  252 
2.774 
1,114 

i,'760 
1.851 
2,806! 
1,156 

2,  0461 
39.805 

3.574 
1,210 
1.571 
1,763 
1,099 
2,120 
2,607 

385 
2,202 

671 
2,167 
3,183 

442 
1,309 
1, 536 
1.732 
1,004 
1,377 


Prksident, 
1'j04. 


Parker  ^^^^ 

yell. 


17,898 
1,224 
1.833 
3.049 
2,  948 
1,154 
1,242 
2.769 
2,153 
1,244 
3, 253 
1,162 

537 
1,606 
1..038 
1,912 
1,066 
1,691 

626 
1,960 
1, 555 

979 
2,337 
3,4-32 

502 
1,609 
1,319 
1..500 
1,662 
3,604 
1,333 
2,086 

734 
2,4-39 

859 
1,917 

663 
1.633 
1,760 

470 

2,963 
1,906 
2,762 
9801 
7,109 
47.006 
2, 024 1 
1,013 
1,218 
1,220 
636 
970 
1,872 
1,240 
2,170 
1.085 
1,732 
2,019 
1,444 
1.590 
1, 455 
1.792 
1,017 
1,897 


Deiii. 


1  -527 
1,450 
3,583 
2,-372 

2  202 
2,295 
2,748 
2,3-56 
1.269 
3,604 
1,076 
1.184 
3,127 

819| 
13-511 
1,2291 
1.7631 
3,487  i 
1,986: 
1,2621 
1,2.57 1 
2.296; 
3. 3-56 1 
1,215, 
1.451 

5.561 
l,375l 
l,522i 
3,316i 
1,384! 
3.113 
2,537 
1,807 
1,190 

822 
1,794 

3  351 
2,744 

877 
1,089 
1,788 
1,761 
2,615 
1,163 
2,870 
51.8,58: 
3.7101 
l,l39j 
l,o30| 
1.470 
1,006 
2,124 
2  265 

337 
2.224' 

568! 
2,1181 
3,225 1 

4351 
1.339i 
1,567 
1,474 

967 
1,266 


K^ 


ep. 


1,321 
1.874 
3,531 
3.077 
1,467 
1,462 
3,182 
2,480 
1,266 
3,M4 
1,106 

599 
2,433 
1,896 
1.9.59 
1,161 
1,7-56 

790 
1.979 
1,624 

922 
2,647 
8,875 

6i:;3 
1,699 
1,305 

923 
1,733 
3.820 
1,371 
2,445 

9-53 
2,659 

837 
2,226 

792 
2,139 
1,792 

505 

781 
3,203 
1,895 
2,894 

986 
7,375 
-57,54 
2,805 
1,064 
1,354 
1.124 

697 
1.257 
2,088 
1,219 
2,474 
1,162 
1,801 
2,450 
1,537 
1,673 
1,678 
1,854 
1,042 
1,972 


292421283417  29631^: 
9, 004 1 

49. 70;    7.90 
16,758 
692,596 


Swal- 
low, 
Pro. 


43 
47 
61 
99 
38 
65 
54 

114 
57 
71 
24 
16 

104 
44 
21 
37 
33 
39 
89 
16 
12 

256 
71 
8 
63 
13 
33 
40 
95 
21 
26 
22 

101 
10 

126 
12 
66 
43 
7 
32 
26 
41 
51 
3 

119 

296 
63 
87 
36 
35 
15 
57 
62 
29 
60 
8 
19 

137 
15 
40 
47 
40 
52 
18 


321449 

25,137 
46.02    49.92i     l.lol 

5,900 
643,861 


7,19113,009 


2.07 


For*  President  1904,  Corrisran,  Soc.  L.,  received 
1,674  votes ;  Watson,  Pop. ,  4,226. 

The  vote  for  fJovernor  In  1904  was:  Folk,  Dem., 
826,6.52;  Wallnidge.  Rep.,  296,552;  Hill,  Pro.,  5,591; 
Behrens,  Soc,  11,031;  White,  Soc.  L.,  1,442;  All- 
dredge,  Pro. ,  2,701 . 


722 


Election  Hefiirns. 


MISSOURI— amfm?t^f?. 


VOTK  FOK  KKPBBSKMTATIVES  IX  CONGBESS,1906. 
Districts. 

I.  Counties  of  Adair,  Clark,  Knox,  Le\vi.s,  Macon, 

Marion,  Pntnani,  Schuyler,  Scotland,  and 
Shelby,  James  T.  Lloyd,  Dem.  ,19,796;  Clem- 
ans,  Kep.,  16.655. 

II.  Counties  of  Carroll,  Chariton,  Grundy,  Linn, 

Livingston,  Monroe,  Randolph,  and  Sulli- 
van. William  W.  Rucker,  Dem.,  20,676;  Bea- 
zell.  Rep.,  1,587. 

III.  Counties  of  Caldwell,  Clay.  Clinton,  Davie.ss, 
De  Kalb,  Gentry,  Harrison,  Mercer,  Ray, 
and  Worth.  Alexander,  Dem,,  18,669;  Klep- 
per,  Rep. ,  16.616. 

IV.  Counties  of  Andrew,    Atchison,    Buchanan, 

Holt,  Nodaway,  and  Platte.  Booher,  Dem., 
18,604;  Fiillcerson,Rep.,17,458;Moser,Soc.,206. 

V.  Count  V  of. Tackson.     Wallace,   Dem.,  19,710:  E. 

C.  Ellis,  Rep., 21  496. 

VI.  Counties  of  Bates,  Cass,  Cedar,  Dade,  Henrj', 

Johnson,  and  St.  Clair.  David  A.  De  Al- 
mond, Dem.,  17,574;  Atkinson,  Rep.,  15,579. 

VII.  Countiesof  Benton, Greene,Hickory, Howard, 
Lafayette,  Pettis,  Polk,  and  Saline.  C.  W, 
Hamlin,  Dem.,  22,248:  John  Welboru,  Rep., 
20,497;  Nate;,  Soc,  625. 

VIII.  Counties  of  Boone,  Camden,  Cole,  Cooper, 
Miller,  Moniteau,  Morgan,  and  Osage.  J  tor- 
se v  W.  Shackleford,  Dem.,  16,245;  Quigley, 
Rep.,  14.186. 

IX.  Countiesof  Audrain, Callaway,Franklin,  Ga.s- 

conade,  Lincoln,  Montgomery,  Pike,  Ralls, 
St.  Cliarles,  anci  Warren.  Champ  Clark, 
Dem.,  21,364;   J.  Burton  Garber,  Rep.,  17,972. 

X.  County  of  St.  Louis,  and  city  fpart).     Coale^ 

Dem.,  16,336;  Richard  Bartholdt,  Rep.,  31,639: 
Goehn,  Soc,  3,102. 

XL  St.  Louis  City.  Neville,  Dem.,  13,133;  Henry 
S.  Caulfield,  Rep.,  13,171;  Hoefer,  Soc,  1.265. 

XII.  St.LouisCiiy.  SeU,  Dem.,  10,451;  Harry  M. 
Coudrey,  Rep.,  11,281;  Rocker,  Soc.  ,  778. 

XIII.  Counties  of  BoUniger,  Carter,  Iron,  Jeffer- 
.son,  Madison,  Perry,  Reynolds,  St.  Fran- 
c  )is,St.Genevieve,  Washington, and  Waj-ne. 
Smith,  Dem.,  16,056;  Marion  E.  Rhodes 
Rep.,  15,628.  ' 

XIV.  Counties  of  Butler,  Cape  Girardeau,  Chris- 
tian, Douglas,  Dunklin,  Howell.  Mississippi, 
New  Madrid,  Oregon,  Ozark,  Pemiscot,  Rip- 
ley,Scott, Stoddard,  Stone,  and  Taney.  Joseph 
•L  RusseU,  Dem.,  24,288;  WiUiam  T.TyuduU, 
Rep. ,  22,799. 

XV.  Counties  of  Ban-y,  Barton,  Jasper,  Law- 
rence, McDonald.  Newton,  and  Vernon. 
Hackney,  Dem.,  20,677;  Caulkius,  Rep., 
20,402;  Gallery,  Soc,  1,766. 

XVI.  Countiesof  Crawford,  Dallas, Dent, Laclede. 
Maries,  Phelps,  Pulaski,  Shannon,  Texa.s, 
Webster,  and  Wright.  Robert  Lamar,  Dem., 
15,366;  Arthur  P.  I^Iurphy,  Rep.,  14,939. 

PBESKVT  STAXk  GOVERNMBNT. 

fJovern'T,  Joseph  W.  Folk;  Lieutenant-Governor,  John  C. 
McKinley  ;  S>-cretarv  of  Stale,  .John  E.  Swaneer ;  Auditor, 
Wm.  W.  Wilder  ;  Treasurer,  ,Tac>b  F.  Gruelicli  ;  Attorney- 
<;»;n-rii,  H.  S.  Hndley  ;  Superintemlent  P'^blic  Sthools, 
II.  A.  Gass;  Adjutant-General,  James  A.  De  Armond  ;  C«m- 
mis-^ion-r  of  Insur.ince.  W.  D.  Vandiver — :ill  Kt-publicans  ex- 
cei't  Folk,  De  Armond,  Gass,  and  Vandiver. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  James  B.  Gsn'.t;  Assricinte 
.Tuslices:  Division  1,  Henry  Lnmm,  W:ilierW.  (ir:;v.s, 
I.eroy  B.  Valliant;  Divipion  2,  A.  M.  Woodson,  Govom  D.  Bur- 
gess, James  D.  Fox;  Clerk,  Jolin  K.  Gnen — all  Democrats 
except  Lan.m. 

STATE  LEGISLATUKE,  1907. 

Senate.     Housr.  Joint  Ballot. 

Democrats 23  84  107 

Republicans 11  58  69 

Democratic  majority.    13  26  38 


UlSSOVRl—CoJitinued. 


VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1884. 

Dem.        Rep.        Qr.       iTo.      Pin. 

J884.  President.. 235.998     |20-2,'t?9          ....       2.0.i3        33,0.9  D 

1888.  President.. 261,974      2o«,257           ....       4,539        25,717  D 

Pop. 

1892.  President.. 268,.398      226,913      41,213      4.331        41.480  D 

lS9'->.  President.. :^6:;.ti67      3h4,940          ....       2.109         5«.'2:  1) 

li'OO.  Governor     3.50.045      317,905         4,35S      6,195        32,140  I) 

19U0.  Prebideiit.. 351,922     314,092         4.-44      5,Ht5        37,830  D 

Soc. 
1904.  President. 996,312    •  321,449       13,0.'9      7,191        25,137  K 

1906.  Sec.  State. 292,421      283.417          

9,004  D 
ubiicau 

*  Including  vote  cast  for  O'Connor,  Ind.  Deui.     t  KeiJ 

and  Greenback  Fusion  vote. 

MONTANA. 

pKliSlDENT, 

Prksidi-nt, 

Counties. 
(•JB.) 

10o4. 

1900. 

I'arker 
Dem. 

Koose- 
velt, 
He,.. 

Wat- 
S"n, 
Pop. 

Debs, 
Soc. 

Biy;in, 
i:)em. 

Mc 

Kiniey 
Hep. 

Beaverhead... 

650 

1,021 

10 

24 

937 

767 

Broadwater.... 

403 

392 

10 

64 

572 

318 

Carbon 

464 

1,385 

1,131 
2  405 

0 

69 

308 
470 

907 
2.564 

930 

Cascade 

1.997 

Choteau 

568 

1517 

3 

52       629 

1,098 

Custer 

285 

824 

8 

21 

477 

980 

Dawson> 

189 

769 

2 

28 

209 

521 

Deer  Lodge 

1,504 

1,666 

12 

228 

3,395 

1.636 

Fergus 

780 

1,699 

9 

■  131 

913 

1.228 

Flathead 

861 

1,969         17 

184 

1,201 

1.104 

Gallatin 

1,130 

l,70(t 

9 

151    1,297 

1,146 

Granite 

521 

576 

24 

40l   1.020 
192|      980| 

401 

Jefferson 

58tt 

.     663 

0 

4«8 

Lewis&  Clarke 

1,543 

2.505 

27 

472i  2,763 

2,043 

Madison 

971 

1,:^14 

24 

61 i  1,298 

1,030 

Meagher 

230 

485 

. 

9       406 

414 

Missoula 

996 

2,239 

9       463    1,893 

1,392 

Park 

583 
422 

1.408 
721 

1       365       900 

903 

Powell 

8         31 

Ravalli 

.^23 

1,083 

4       250 

1,052 

892 

Ro.sebnd 

134 

460 

12 

• 

Silver  Bow 

5.686 

0,149 

1,235    1,97812.101 

8,873 

..^weet  Grass... 

174 

538 

1         48i      287 

460 

Teton 

420 

808 

8         17 

457 

573 

Valley 

335 

742 

6         11 

234 

363 

Yellowstone.. 

436 

1,249 

14         66 

654 

816 

Total 

21.773 

34,9321  1,520 

5,676,37,146 

25,373 

Pliiralitv 

13,159      .. 

..     111.  773 

Percent 

33.78J  54.  20l    2.35 

8.80 

58.37 

39.71 

Scattering 

543 

1.122 

Whole  vote . 

64,444 

63,641 

Fur  President,  Pro.,  335;  Soc  L. ,  208. 

The  vote  for  Governor,  1904,  was:  J.  E[.  Toole, 
Dem.,  85,377;  W.  Lindsav.  Rep..  26,957:  M.  G. 
O"  Malley,  Soc. ,  3,431.    Toole's  plurality,  8,420. 

VOT-V;   FOR  REPRESK.VTATIVE    IX    roXfjRKSS,   1906. 

At  large,  T.  J.  Walsh,  Dem.,  22,874 :  C.  H.  Pray, 
Rep.,  28,268;  Hudson,  Sec,  4,638;  Calderhead, 
Pop. ,  261. 

STATE  LEOIST.ATl'RE    1907. 

Senate— Dem.,    9;  Rep.  ,19. 
House— Dem. ,  16;  Rep. ,  .57. 

PRESENT  ST.\TE  GOVERXIIENT. 

Governor,  J.  K.  Toole,  Dem.  ;  Lieutenant- 
Governoi".  Edwin  Norris,  Dem.;  Secretar.v  of 
State,  A.  N.  Yoder,  Rep.  :  Treasurer,  J.  H.  Rire, 
Rep.  ;  Auditor,  H.  R.  Cunningham,  Rep.  ;  At- 
torney-Cieneral.  A.  J.  Giil-n,  Rep.:  Adjutant- 
General,  A.  M.  Aldei-son,  Dem  ;Superimeudent 
of  Education,  W.    E   Harmon,  Rep. 

JUDICIARY 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Then.  Brantley, 
Rep.;  Justices,  Henry  C  Smith,  Hep.;  Wni.  L. 
Holloway,  Rep.;  Clerk.  John  T.  Athey,  Rep. 

VOTE  OF  THE  ST.\TE  SINCE   .ADMISSION. 


Dem. 

Efp. 

Mai. 

1889. 

Governor... 

...19,564 

18,988 

556  D 

Dem. 

Pf)).      Pop. 

Pro.     Pin. 

1892. 

President. . 

...  17,581 

118.85   7  334 

549  1,270  R 

1896. 

President.  . 

...  42.537 
Pus. 

10,494     .... 
Sor. 

186  32,043  D 

1900. 

President... 

37.146 

25,373      708 

298  11.773  F 

1902. 

Sup.  Jus... 

...  21.204 

31.690  2,466 

. . . .  10.486  R 

1904 

J»re5ideut, . 

...  21,773 

34,932  5,o7^ 

....  13,169  R 

Election  Returiu 


723 


NEBRASKA. 


Counties. 
(90.) 


Justice  Su?. 

Iitij7. 


Col  bt, 


Loo  liis  Grave- 


Adams , 

Antelope — 

Banner 

Blaine 

Boone 

Box  3utte  . 

Boyd 

Brown 

Buffalo 

Burt 

Butler 

Caas 

Cedar 

Chase 

Cherry 

Cheveune... 

Clav 

Colfax 

Cuming 

Custer 

Dakota 

Dawes 

Dawson 

Deuel  

Dixon 

Dodge 

Douglas 

Dundy  

Fillmore  .... 

Franklin 

Frontier 

Furnas 

Gage 

Garfield 

Gosper 

Grant 

Greeley 

Hall 

Hamilton..... 

Harlan 

Hayes 

Hitchcock 

Holt 

Hooker 

Howard 

Jeffergon 

Johnson  

Kearney 

Keith 

Ke  j"a  Paha. . . 

Kimball 

Knox 

Lancaster  ... 

Lincoln  

Logan  

Loup 

McPherson  . . 

Madison 

Merrick 

.Nance 

Nomaha 

iSuckoUs 

Otoe 

Pawnee 

Perkins 

Phelps 

Pierce  

Platte 

Polk 

Red  Willow. 

Richardson  .. 

Rock 

Saline 

Sarpy  

Saunders 

Scott's  Bluff. 

Seward  

Sheridan 

Shermaa.,.v« 

piouz. ....... 


Bef-se- 

Uep     i     Fus. 

l,638j  X'543 
882 


1,  34Di 
1671 

178' 
1.412 
596 
877 
480 
2, 174 
1,354 
1,381 
2,088 
1,385 
365 
795 
797 
1,716 
956 
939 
2,687 
56u 
68u 
1.397 
295 
1,042 
1.679 
9,961 
415 
1,680 
998 
894 
1.236 
2.706 
332 
379 
90 
405 
1.537 
1,504 
986 
331 
615 
1,402 
85 
841 
1,45l 
1,449 
973 
317 
356 
158 
1,416 
4.89 
1,076 
lOli 
208 
131 
1  69- 
1.08: 

9;7 
43- 


7i)U 
318 
205 
98' 
84; 

1.291 
981 

1,069 

1, 682 
472 

1,78?^ 
797 

2.025 
558 

l,65( 
570 
763 
8Q»J 


38 

85 

1,012 

377 

583 

284 

1,440 

621 

1,618 

1,804 

1,309 

254 

548 

454 

1,386 

952 

1,213 

1,752 

392 

431 

946 

171 

703 

2,091 

6,9 

252 

1,478 

939 

545 

926 

1,56s 

185 

3.. 

60 

549 

1.118 

1,266 

729 

181 

451 

1,405 

47 

1.057 

780 

76 

756 

21 

245 

55 

1,27 

2,34 

430 

7 

91 

44 

1,176 

75U 

1.^93 
851 

1,518 
677 
173 
641 
814 

1.95H 

1.061 
639 

1,681^ 
229 

f,594 
821 

2.026 
232 

1.435 
442 
597 
191 


127 
64 

f" 
I 

6 

98 
20 
59 
12 
117 
48 
49 
80 
66 
19 
49 
34 
79 
23 
61 
153 
62 
22 
89 
12 
115 
36 
73 
23 
24 
45 
43 
90 
200 
15 
29 
1 
9 
62 
122 
149 
& 
32 
73 

O 
O 

28 
71 
62 

103 
14 
21 
11 
7u 

27  V4 

4;) 

12 

6 


101 
45 
73 
78 
6U 
74 
7 

118 
24 
29 

167 
50 
81 
19 
75 
41 

121 
24 
48 
26 


PEKSinEM  , 

ISO:. 


Steb- 
b  Its, 
Soc. 

75 
18 
14 
10 
15 
30 
40 
19 
93 
15 
25 
50 
15 
2 
40 
61 
29 
25 

145 

18 

27 

47 

2 

12 

32 

542 

9 

3 

25 

54 

21 

54 

28 

4 

3 

24 

77 

29 

56 

iio 

9 

5o 

6 

36 

52 

13 

36 

17 

32 

6 

68 

75 

117 

5 

34 

8 

16 
15 
10 
26 
18 
35 
15 
9 
27 
8 
15 
30 
62 
30 
14 
36 
40 
26 
65 


Parker 
Dem. 


Koose 
velt, 

Kep. 


45 
41 

81 


902 

351 

18 

34 

471 

218 

328 

130 

730 

528 

1,278 

1,466 

1,021 

111 

325 

261 

701 

769 

1 ,245 

509 

523 

248 

457 

108 

575 

1,643 

6,806 

92 

839 

472 

189 

393 

1,328 

84 

154 

49 

447 

813 

548 

299 

109 

166 

634 

22 

44>i 

66 

64 

393 

84 

97 

14 

826 

1,981 

326 

22 

23 

12 

1,050 

400 

-184 

784 

585 

1.421 

561 

57 

217 

454 

1.510 

239 

305 

1664 

138 

1,14 

675 
1,C94 
103 
1,029 
172 
140 
lU 


NEBRASKA— Co7i/mTte(f. 


Counties. 


2,315 

1.813 

155 

127 

1,823 
668 
1,233 
587 
2,554 
2,081 
1,723 
2,711 
1,797 
329 
978 
631 
2,118 
1,180 
1,490 
2,658 
855 
818 
1.712 
399 
1,524 
2,789 
15,248 
395 
1,980 
1,269 
993 
1,569 
4,304 
406 
548 
113 
83d 
2.508 
1,845 
1,178 
335 
598 
1,740 


1,259 
2,067 
1,611 
1,236 
263 
448 
143 
2.163 
8,167 
1.449 
100 
223 
108 
2,210 
1,275 
1.108 
1,946 
1,615 
2,616 
1,739 
179 
1,567 
1.122 
1,947 
1,235 
1,373 
2,554 
498 
2,390 
998 
2.880 
530 
2,243 
673 
803 
§47 


Stauton 

Thayer 

Thomas 

Thurston..... 

Valley 

Washington. 

Wayne 

Webster 

Wheeler 

York 


Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


JusTicK  Sup. 
l:tO:. 


Court 


102387 

24,406 

57. 50 


188,726 


) 


1S8.5.58 

86. 682 

61.33 


225,788 


For  President  In  1904,  Watson,  Pop.,  received 
20,518;  Debs.  Soc,  7,412;  Swallow,  Pro.,  6,338; 
scattering,  7,424. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Mickev,  Rep., 
111,711;  Berge,  Fus.,  102.568;  Swander,  Pro.,  5,488; 
Vail,  ttoc,  5,122.    Micliey'  s  plurality,  9^43. 

VOTE  FOR  REPBESKNTATIVESIISr  CONGKESS,  1906- 

DisfricfJi.         ,  ^  ,  ^  .      ^,        , 

I.  Counties  of  Cass,  Johnson,  Lancaster,  iS  emaha. 


III. 


IV. 


V. 


Soc,  269.     Pollard's  plurality,  3,70L 

II.  Counties  of  Douglas,  Sarpy,  and  Washington, 
Gilbert  M.Hitchcock,  Dem.,  11,644;  John  L. 
Kenuedy.Rep.,  11,136.  Hitchcock's  majority, 

5oa 

Counties  of  Antelope,  Boone,  Burt,  Cedar, 
Colfax, Cuming,  Dakota,  Dixon,  Dodge, Knox, 
Madi.son,  Merrick, Nance,  Pierce.  Platte.Stan- 
ton,  Thurston,  and  Wayne.  Guy  T.  Craves, 
Dem..  18,546;  John  F,  Boyd,  Rep..  18,836;  K. 
J.  Flood,  Pro.,  773;  L.  De  Vore,  Soc,  297; 
Boyd's  plurality,  290. 

Counties  of  Butler.  Fillmore,  Gage,  Hamilton, 
Jetterson,  Polk,  Saline,  Saunders,  Seward, 
Thaver,  and  York.  J.  J.  Thomas,  J>em., 
15,211;  Edmund  H.  Hinshaw.  Rep.,  19,032; 
J.  C.  Palmertou,  Pro.,  350.  Hinshaw' s  plu- 
rality, 3,821. 

Counties  of  Adams.  Chase,  Clay,  Dundv, 
Franklin,  Frontier,  Furnas,  Gosper,  Hall, 
Harlan,  Hayes,  Hitchcock,  Kearney,  Nuck- 
olls, Perkins,  Phelps,  Red  Willow,  and 
Webster.  R.  D.  Sutherland,  Dem.,  14,031; 
George  \V.  Norris,  Rep.,  16,450;  J.  J.  Larkey, 
Pro.,  482.     Norris' s  plulanty,  2,419. 

Counties  of  Bovd,  Banner,  Blaine,  Box  Butte, 
Brown,  Buffalo,  Cheyenne,  Cherry,  Custer, 
Dawes,  Dawson,  Deuel, Garfield", Grant, Gree- 
ley, Holt,  Hooker,  Howard,  Keya  Paha, 
Keith,  Kimball,  Lincoln.  Logan.  Loup,  Mc- 
Plierson,  Rock,  Scott's  Bluff, Sheridan, 3her- 
man,  Sioux,  Thomas,  Vnllev,  and  Wheeler. 
G.  L.  Shumwav,  Dem.,  13,147;  Moses  P.  Kln- 
kaid.  Rep  ,  11,667;  W  M.  Farsel.  Pro.,  398. 
Kiukaid'6  plurality, 5,520. 

PRESKXT   STATE   GOVERNMENT. 

Governor.  George  L.  Sheldon;  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, M.R.  Hopewell:  Secretary  of  State. George 
C.  Junkin;  Treasurer,  L.J.  Brian;  Auditor.  Ed- 
ward M.  Searls,  Jr.;  Attorney-General,  W.  T. 
Thompson;  Superintendent  ot  Education,  J.  L. 
:\rcBrien  ;  Commissioner  of  Public  Lands,  Henry 
M.  Eaton— all  Republicans. 

jmiCIABY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Samuel  H.  Sedg- 
wick, Rep.  ;  Justices,  Chas.  B.  Leiton,  Rep. ,  aud 
John  B.  Barnes,  R«p. ;  Clerk,  H-  C.  Lindsay.  Rep. 


VI. 


724 


Election  Returns. 


NEBRASKA— CoJifmMed. 


STATE    LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate.    Jloiiae.     Joint  Ballot. 


Republicans , 
Democrats. . . 


28 
5 


69 
31 


97 
36 


Republican  majority       23  38  61 

VOTE  OF    THE   STATE    SINCE   1872. 

Bern.     Rep.      Qr.     Pro.    Plu. 

1872.  President.      7,705    18,242    no,540  R 

1876.  President.     17,554    31,916    *14,362  R 

1880.  President.  28,523  54,979  3,950  ....  26,456  R 
1884.  President.  to4,:i91  76,903  ....  2,899  22,512  R 
1888.  President.    80,652  108,425    4,226  9,429    27.873  R 

Pop. 
1892.  President.    24,943    87.213  83,134  4,902      4,093  R 

Bern. -Pop.   Rep.     N.  I). 
1896.  President.  115,880    102,304    2,885     1,193  13,576  D 

Soc.  D. 
1900.  Governor.  113,018    113,879      674      4,315      861 R 
1900.  President.  114,013    121,835      823     3,655   7,822  R 

Soc. 

1902.  C4overnor.    91,116    '  96,471    3,157    3.397    5.355  R 

1903.  Sup.  J....    87,864      96,991    2,595    4,394    9,127  R 

Pop. 

1904.  President.    51,876  138,558    7,412  20,518  86,682  R 

Pro. 
1906.  Governor.    84,885    97,858    2,999    5.106    12,973  R 

*  Majority,  t  Democratic  and  Greenback  Eusion. 

NEVADA. 


Counties. 
(14.) 


Churchill 

Douglas 

Elko 

Esmeralda .  . . 

Eureka 

Humboldt 

Lauder 

Lincoln 

Lyon 

Nye 

Ormsby 

Storey  

Washoe 

White  Pine... 

Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


President, 
1904. 


Parker 
Dem. 

165 
112 
510 
-  380 
107 
35t) 
93 
295 
165 
425 
218 
337 
721 
152 


3,982 


32.94 


Konse- 
velt, 
Kep. 

156 
263 
722 
494 
236 
610 
227 
409 
394 
554 
409 
627 
1,517 
279 


President, 

1900. 


6,867 
2,885 
56.66 


1.269 
11,718 


JIo- 

iJem. 

Kinley 
Uep. 

120 

79 

900 

212 

860 

476 

289 

125 

391 

121 

694 

►      364 

325 

144 

564 

233 

354 

214 

190 

32 

399 

311 

609 

455 

1,005 

919 

322 

164 

6,347 

3,849 

2,498 

62.29 

37.71 

10,196 


For  Governor  in  1906,  unofliclal  returns  give 
Sparks,  Dem. ,  8,686;  Mitchell,  Rep  ,  5,338;  Gary, 
Soc. ,  815. 

For  President,  Debs, Soc, 925;  Watson, Pop.  ,344. 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

Unofficial  returns  give  Bartlett,  Dem.,  7,320; 
Smith,  Rep. ,  5,665;  Jardlue,  Soc,  1,251. 

PRESEN'T  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  John  Sparks;  Lieutenant-Governor, 
D.  S.  Dickei-son ;  Secretary  of  State,  W.  G.  Douglas ; 
Treasurer,  D.M.  Ryan;  Comptroller,  Jacob Eggers; 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, Orvis  Ring; 
Attorne J'- General,  R.  C.  Stoddard  —  all  Dems. , 
except  Eggers,  Ring,  and  Douglas,  Reps. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  George  F.  Talbot, 
Silver;  Justices,  F.  H.  Norcross,  Rep. ;  James  G. 
Sweeney,  Dem.  and  Silver;  Clerk,  W.  G.  Douglass, 
Dem.  ;  Clerk   e.K-oliiclo,  Eugene  Howell,  Dem. 

STATE    LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate.    Mouse.    Joint  Ballot. 


Democrats 

11              19                 30 

Republicans 

VOTE   OF 

1880.  President. . . 
18S4.  President... 
1W8.  President.   . 
Iby2.  President... 

14              16                 30 

THE   STATE   SINCE  1880. 

Bern.  Rep.    Pop.  Silver.  Plu. 

. .     9,611    8,732    879  D 

..     5,578    7,193     1,615  R 

..     5,326    7,229    1,903  R 

714    2,811  7,264      ....  4,453  P 

N  E  V  ADA—  Continued. 


Bern. 

1894,  Governor 678 

1896.  President 

1898.  Governor 2,060 

1900.  Pre.sident 6,347 

1902.   Governor 6,529 

1904.  President 3,982 


Rep. 

Pop. 

Soc.    Pt'i. 

3,861 

711 

5,223  1,362  S 

1,938 

.  t  .  • 

8,377  6,439  S 

3,548 

883 

3,570        22  S 

3,849 

>  •  >  • 

. . .     2,498  D 

4,786 

....    1,743  D 

6,867 

844 

925  2,885  R 

NEW    JERSEY. 


CoiTNTIKS. 

(21.) 


Atlantic  . .  . ., 

Bergen , 

Burlington.. 

Camden 

Cape  May 

Cumberland  , 

Essex 

Gloucester. . . 

Hudson 

Hunterdon. 

Mercer 

Middlesex  . . 
Monmouth.. 

Morris 

Ocean 

Passaic 

Salem 

Somerset .  . . . 

Sussex 

Union 

Warren 


Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


Prksident, 
19U4. 


Parker 

Kiiose- 

Swal- 

Don. 

velt. 

low, 

Uep. 
7,933 

Pro. 
183 

3,064 

7.301 

9,957 

194 

4,962 

8,655 

538 

9,423 

18.225 

569 

1,238 

2,832 

122 

2,317 

7,402 

548 

25.452 

50,508 

582 

2,818 

4,829 

399 

38, 021 

36,683 

372 

4,361 

3.856 

291 

8,527 

14.900 

335 

6,996 

10. 117 

214 

9,032 

10, 885 

415 

4,768 

8,201 

514 

1.709 

3,666 

140 

11.532 

17,705 

261 

2,775 

3  694 

228 

3,195 

4,633 

136 

3,133 

2,642 

141 

8.574 

13,9(t6 

261 

4  368 

3,935 

402 

164566 

245164 
8,013 

6,845 

37.81 

56.60 

i.58 

6,385 
432,547 


Debs, 
Soc. 

""37 

461 

128 

384 

.49 

1^2 

2,479 

48 

2,860 

2-; 

586 
113 

93 
373 

23 
1,017 

18 
•21 

56 

535 

__122 

9. 587 
2.21 


Goveknok, 
1907. 


K'lzen 
bach, 
Dem. 


4,615 
8,616 
5,145 
8,682 
1,322 
3,510 

34,469 
3,034 

41,013 
3,760 

11,974 
8,605 
9,175 
4,826 
2,033 

13, 000 
2,752 
3,379 
2,497 
9,934 
3,959 

186300 
49.5 


Fort, 
Uep. 

6^^055 

10. 193 
6,576 

15, 237 
2,443 
4,945 

34,178 
4,166 

34,564 
2,805 

11,207 
8,618 
7,797 
7.007 
2,502 

13.591 
3,103 
3,.542 
1,888 

10. 750 
3,146 

194313 
5a55 


380,613 


For  Governor,  1907,  Mason,  Pro.,  received  5,255 
votes;  Kraft,  Soc, 6,848;  Butlerworth,Soc,L.,  1,568. 

The  vote  for  (lOvernor  in  1904  was:  Black,  179,719; 
Stokes,  Rep.,  231,363;  Parker,  Pro.,  6,687;  Kearns, 
Soc,  8,858;  Herr.schoft,  Soc.  L.,  2.526;  Henuecker, 
Peo.,  3,285. 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

Bist7'ict's. 

I.  Counties  of  Camden,  Gloucester,  and   Salem. 

Sununerill, Dem. ,9,308;  Loudenslager,  Rep., 
20,674;  Day,  Pro.,  913;  Thurston,  Soc,  476; 
Ball,  Soc.  L.  ,  73. 

II.  Counties  of  Cape  r.fay,  Cumberland,  Atlantic, 

and  Burlington.  PeriT,  Dem.,  8,921;  Gard- 
ner, Rep.,  19,637;  Tower,  Pro.,  900;  Korshet, 
Soc  ,  380;  Riddle,  Lab.,  1,249;  Owen,  H. R., 
105. 

III.  Countiesof  Middlesex,Monmouth,and  Ocean. 
Harvey,  Dem.,  16,638;    Howell,  Rep.,  20,472; 

'-Crovvell,  Pro.,  464;  Kapp,  Soc,,  124. 

IV.  Countiesof  Hunterdon,  Sonierset.and  Mercer. 

Southwick,  Dem., 13,989;  Wood,  Rep.,  17,497; 
Lunger,  Pro.,  489;  Sinclair,  Soc,  992;  Wolft 
Soc.  L. ,  142. 

V.  Counties  of  Union,  Warren, and  Morris.   Mar- 

tine,  Dem.,  19.208;  Fowler,  Rep.,  19,  760; 
Vaughan,  Pro. ,  486;  Whitesell.  Soc.  1,004. 

VI.  Counties    of    Bergen.    Passaic    and    Sussex. 

Hughes,  Dem.,  25,438;  Burke,  Rep.,  23,335; 
CoUingswood,  Pro.,  558;  De  Yoe,  Soc,  962; 
Frueh,  Soc.  L. ,  377. 
VII  Countv  of  P^ssex  (part").  Kraemer,  Dom., 
15,983;  'Parker,  Rep.,  16,493;  Riddle,  Pro.,  124; 
Ball,  Soc.  ,547;  Johnson,  Soc.  L.,  173. 

VIII.  County  of  Essex  (pa-rt).  Pratt,  Dem.,  18,3.34; 
Gottlob,  Rep.,  12,460;  Wind,  Soc,  1.192; 
Hartung,  Soc.  L. ,  249. 

IX.  County  of  Hudson  (part).  Leake,  Dem., 
18,367;  Pickett,  Rep.  ,12,628;  Fackert,  Soc, 
1,041;  Forbes,  Lab. ,  688. 

X.  County  of  Hudson  (part).  Hamill,  Dem., 
22,882;  Cruse,  Rep., 9,305:  Ufert,  Soc,  1,138; 
O'Loue,  Lab.  ,1,354. 


Election  Returns. 


725 


N  E VV  J  E RS  E \— Continued. 


PRESENT    STAIK    GOVKIiNMKNT. 

■Governor,  John  Franklin  Fort :  Secretary  of  State,  S.  P.  Dick- 
inson; Treasurer,  Dan'l  S.  Voornees;  CVinptroUer,  J.  AViliard 
Morgan;  Aftoniey-Geiieral,  Kobert  H.  McCarttr  ;  Atljutam- 
Geiieirtl,  K.  H.  Breintiiall ;  Superiuteniletit  of  Kdiication,  C.  .1. 
Baxter;  Cominissiouer  of  Banking  and  Insurance,  David  O. 
Watkins — all  Republicans. 

juniciAnv. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  W.  S.  Gummere,  llep.;  Justices, 
Charles  W.  P.irker,  Rep.;  T.  W.Trenchard,  Rep.;  Alfred  Reed. 
Dein.;  C.  G.  Garrison,  De:n.;  James. I.  Bergen,  Deiii.;  M.  Pitney. 
Rep.;  Charles  E.  Hendrickson,  Deni.;  F.  J.  Swayze,  Rej^.; 
<'lerk,  William  Kiker,  Jr.,  Rep. 

C.iurl  of  Krrors  and  Appeals:  Judge."!,  J.  W.  Bogert,  Georg- 
K.  Gray,  Elmer  E.  Green.  W.  H.  V'reedenbuigh,  G.  D.  W. 
Vrooni,"  Peter  V.  Voorhees;  Chancellor,  Win.  J.  Magie,  and 
the  Supreme  Court  Justices. 

STATE     LKGISLATURK,    1908. 

Senate.  Aasfinbl!/.  Joint JBallof. 

Republicans 14  40  54 

democrats 7  20  27 


Republican  majority     7 


20 


VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872 

Dem.      Rep.     Gr.     Pro. 

1872.  President..  76,800    91,666 

18T6.  President. .115,962  103,517  714  .... 
1880.  President. .122,565  120.55.T  2.617  191 
1884.  President. .127 ,778  123,366  3,456  6,153 
1888,  President. .151,493  144,344     ....     7,904 

Hoc.  Lab 
1892.  President. .171,042  1-56,068  1,337 


1896.  President.  133,675    221,367 


1900.  President.  164,808 

1901.  Governor.. 166,681 
1904.  President.  164,566 
1907.  Governor..  186.300 


8,131 
5,614 


N.D. 
6,373 
Soc.  D. 

221,707    4.609  7,183 

183,814    3,489  5,365 

245,164    9,587  6,845 

194,313      ....  5,i55 


27 

Plu. 
«14,860  R 
12,445  D 
2,010  I) 
4,412  D 
7,149  13 

14,974  D 

87,692  W 

56.899  B 

17,133  R 

80,598  R 

8,013  R 


NEW  HAMPSHl  RE— CV/f/m/tf'^ 


STATE   LEOISLATC 

KK,  1907. 

Sfwde. 

House. 

Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 

18 

260 

278 

Democrats 

6 

129 

135 

Republican  majoritj'    12 

131 

143 

VOTE  OK  THE  .STATE 

SINCE 

1876. 

De)a.       Jh)). 

Or. 

Pro.    Phi. 

1876.  President.. 

38.509    41,539 

, 

....     3,030  R 

1880.  President.. 

40,794     44,8.52 

528 

....     4,058  R 

1884.  President.. 

.39.187     43,250 

1,571 

5.52     4,063  R 

1888.  President.. 

43,382     45,724 



1.566     2,342  R 

P<>l>. 

1,297     3,547  R 

1892.  President.. 

42.081     45,658 

292 

1896   President.. 

21,650    57,444 

.  .  •  •  ■ 

779   35,794  R 

v.  Dent 

.  Pro. 

1900.  President. 

.  35,489    54,803 

790 

1.270    19,314  R 

1902.  t^overuor  . 

,  3;i,844    42,115 

1,0.57 

1,621      8.281  R 

1904.  President.. 

.  33,994    54,177 

1.090 

749    20,1»5R 

1906.  Governor  . 

.  37,672    40,581 

1,011 

«,2i2      2,909  R 

NEW     MEXICO. 


Counties. 
(25.) 


'Majority. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 


COHNTIKS. 
(10.) 


Belknap 

Carroll 

Cheshire 

Coos 

Grafton 

Hillsborough , 
Merrimack  . . 
Rockingham . 

Stratford 

Sullivan 


Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering  ... 

Whole  vote. 


Governor, 
1906. 


Jame- 
son, 
Deni. 

1,617 
2,303 
2,520 
3,530 
10,621 
6,182 
4,218 
3.322 
1,651 


Floyd, 
Rep. 


2,274 
2,135 
3,160 
2,597 
4,443 
9,310 
4,908 
5.524 
4,230 
2,000 


Jl'J-all 
Soc. 


26 

14 

131 

70 

63 

254 

1.58 

140 

79 

76 


37,672  40,581 
..     I   2,909 
46.15!   49.78 
37 
81,513 


2,212 
2!72 


President, 
1904. 


Parker 
Deui. 


1,761 
1,683 
2,002 
2,240 
3,496 
8,829 
4,740 
4,241 
3,553 
1,447 


Roose- 
velt, 
Rep. 


2,867 
2,594 
4,364 
3,341 

6,099 
12,624 

7,430 
7,217 

4,867 


Bernalillo  . . 

Chaves 

Colfax 

Dona  Ana 

Eddy. 

Grant 

Guadalupe.. 

fiincoln 

Luna 

?vIcKiuley. .. 

;Mora 

Otero 

Quay 

Rio  Arriba  . 
Roosevelt  ... 
Sandoval.... 
San  Juan .... 
Sau  Miguel. 
Santa  Fe.... 

Sierra  

Soporro 

Taos 

Torrance.... 

Union 

Valencia.. .. 


Co.NGKK.S: 
1906. 


JulNT 
St  \TKHOfip. 


1,011133,992  54.177 
..     120,185 
1.351  37.73I  60.13 
1,921 
90,090 


VOT?:  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 
District. 

I.  Charles  A.Morse.  Dem.  ,  15,548;  C.  .\.  Sulloway, 

Rep.,    22  691;    Morrill,    Pro. ,619;   Arnstein, 
Soc.  .389. 

II.  Henri  T.  Ledoux,  Dem. ,  15,669;  F.D. Currier, 

Rep.,   23,073;   Noyes,   Pro.,  519;    Wellman, 
Soc. ,  506. 

PRESENT  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  Charles  M.  Floyd;  Secretary  of  State, 
Edward  ]S'.  Pearson;  Treasurer,  Solon  A.  Carter; 
Adjutant-General,  Harry  B.  Cille.v  ;  Attorne.v- 
General.  Edwin  G.  Eastman ;  Superintendent  of 
Education, Henry C.  Morrison;  Secretary  Board  of 
Agriculture,  Nahum  .T.  Bachelder;  Commissioner 
of  Insurance,  George  H.  Adams— all  Republicans. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court :  Chief  Justice,  Frank  N.  Par- 
sore,  Rep.  ;  Associate  Justices,  Robert  J.  Peasler, 
Dem.  ;  Reuben  E.  Walker,  Rep. ;  John  E. 
Young,  Rep. ;  George  H.  Birgham,  Dem. ;  Clerk, 
A.  J.  Shurtleflf,  Rep. 


Total 

Plurality , 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


22.649  22,915 
. .     I      266 
49.99    50.05 
211  _ 
45,775 


26.195  14,735 
11,460,     .. 


PRESENT  TERRITORIAl>  WOVERNMENT. 


Rep.;  Attorney-General,  A.  B.  Fall,  Rep. ;   Supt. 
Education,  J.  E.  Clark,  Rep. 

JUniCIARV. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  William  J.  Mills; 
Associate  Justices,  John  R.  McFie,  Ira  A.Abbott, 
W.  H.  Pope,  E.  A.  Mann,  and  F.  W.Parker; 
Glerk,  Jose  D.  Sena— all  Republicans. 

TKRKITORIAI,   I.KGISI.ATir  K  K,  1906. 

The  Territorial  Legislature  has  4  Democrats  and 
33  Republicans  in  the  two  branches. 

VOTE  OK  THK  TERRITORY  SINCE  1888. 

Dem.                  Rep.  -l^f'.'- 

1888 16.131       14,481  1,650  D 

1892 15,799       15,220  J^"'^  ^ 

Ijeni.  R'p.        Silver.  Plu. 

1896 18,948  17,U17     66  1,931  D 

1898 16,659  18,722    ....  2.063  R 

1900 17,857  21,567    ....  .3,710  R 

1902 14.576  24,222    ....  7,646  R 

1904 17.125  22,305    ....  5,180  R 

1906 22,649  22,915    ....  2t)b  K 


720 


Election   Heturns. 


NEW    YORK. 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

r)i!<tr!cts. 

I.  Counties  of  Suffolk,  Nassau, and  Queens  (part). 

Mansoa  Morris,  Dem. ,  14,418 ;  \Vm.  \V .  Cocks, 
Rep. ,  22,569;  t^.  R.  Scott,  Soc. ,  443. 

II.  County  of  Kings   (part).     Geo.    H.  Lindsay, 

Dem. .  11,420;  p:ruest  C.  W.agner,  Rep. ,  7,591; 
Conrad  Weber.  Soc.  .  976;  A.  Vuil,  Pro.,  53; 
John  J.  :McManus,  Ind.  L. ,  9,069. 

III.  County  of  Kings  (part).  Walter  B.  Raymond, 
Dem.,  10,707;  Chas.  T.  Dunwell.  Rep.,  16,546; 

F.  Schoeler,  Soc,  914;  P.  D.  Newman,  Pro., 
76;  H.  C.  Peters,  lud.  L.  8,089. 

IV.  Count vof  Kings  (part).    Herman  K.  Torborg, 

Dem.,    12,114;    Ciias.    B.    Law,    Rep.,  17,079; 

G.  L.  Gieler.  Soo. ,  1,502;  Edson  Lawrence, 
Ind.  L.  ,  10,590. 

V.  County  of  Kings  (part).  John  J.  Roach.  Dem. ,' 

11,995;  George  K.  Waldo.  Rep.,  19  832;  A. 
Frasnr,  Soc,  465;  AlcEathrou,  115;  Fitz- 
gerald, Ind.  L.,  10,575. 

VI.  ConntjMjf  Kings  (part).  Robert  Baker,  Dem. , 

17,102;  Wm.M.Calder, Rep.  ,21,195;  L.Baker, 
Soc. ,  280. 

VII.  Countvof  Kings  (part).  John  J.  Fitzgerald, 
Dem.,  15,055;  CUiarles  R.  Banks.  Rep.,  8,433; 
W,  A.  Smidt,  Soc. ,  236;  John  T.  Morau,  Ind. 
L.,  8,220. 

Vlir.  Counties  of  Richmond  and  New  York 
(part).  Daniel  J.  Hiordan,  Dem.,  21,340; 
Frank  L.  Frugone,  Rep.,  4,837;  E.  F.  *  assidy, 
Soc.  D., 385;  Gates, Soc.  L.,  115;   Sullivan,  75. 

IX.  County  of  New  York  (part).  Henry  M.  Gold- 

fogle,  Dem.,  7,"276;  Chai'les  S.  Adler,  Rep., 
2,734;  M.  Hilquist,  Soc,  3,586. 

X.  County  of  New  York  (part).      Wm.    Sulzer, 

Dem.,  15,962;  Fred.  J.  Ktzel,  Rep.,  4,843;  A. 
Jones,  Soc,  1,560. 

XI.  County  of  New  York  (part).  Charles  V. 
Fornes,  Dem.,  26,.511;  Charles  W.  Lefler, 
Rep.,  10,640;  E.  M.Martin,  Soc.,524;  Rugaard, 
^3. 

XII.  County  of  New  York  (part).  Wm.  Bourke 
Cockran,  Dem.,  20,481;  Henry  Carey,  Rep., 
7,410;  P.  H.  Donohue,  Soc,  769. 

XIII.  County  of  New  York  (part).  William 
H.  Jackson,  9,881;  Herbert  Parsons,  Rep., 
16,.381;  C.  G.Teche,  Soc,  245;  C.  Griiiskald, 
l'ro,95;  Frank  Heudrick,  Ind.  L.,  3,172, 

XIV.  Counties  of  New  York  (part),  Queens  (part). 
William  Willett,  Jr.,  17,595;  Frank  E.  Losee, 
Rep.,  9,906;  R.  Morton,  Soc, 2,328;  C.  K. 
Shober,  Ind.  L.,  8,110. 

XV.  County  of  New  York  (part).  John  J.  Hal- 
ligan,  Dem.,  13,123;  Jacob  Van  Vechten 
Olcott,  Rep.,  16,210;    L.I'.  Abbott,  Soc, 203. 

XVI.  County  of  New  York  (part).  Francis  Bur- 
ton Harrison,  Dem. ,  16,954;  Jacob  R.Schiif, 
Rep. ,  7,062;  J.  G.  Kanely,  Soc,  1,124. 

XVIT.  County  of  New  York  (part).  Francis  E. 
Shober,  Dem.,  23,284;  Wm.S.  Benuet,  Rep., 
27,159;  W.  Atkinson,  Soc,  619;  Muuro,86. 

XVITI.  County  of  New  York  (part).  .Toseph  A. 
Goulden,  Dem.,  28,339;  James  L.  Wills,  Rep,, 
17.943;  R.  Bock,  Soc,  1,824:  D.  Lyle,  Pro. , 
161:  J.  T.  Farrelly,  Ind.L.,  12,109. 


NEW  YORK— Continued. 


XIX.  County  of  Westchester.  Timothy  Healy, 
Dem.,  19,218;  John  E.  Andrus,  Rep.,  23,356; 
H.  W,  Wessling,  Soc,  554;  Jewill,  275. 

XX.  Counties  of  Sullivan,  Orange,  and  Rockland. 
Victor  A.  Wilder.  Dem.,  16,111;  Thos.  W. 
Bradley,  Rep. ,  21,191;  T.  J.  Lloyd,  Soc,  221; 
Say  re,  407. 

XXI.  Counties  of  Greene,  Columbia,  Putnam,  and 
Dnlchess.  Percey  W.  Decker.  Dem.,  19.745; 
Samuel  McMillan,  Rep.,  20,717;  A.  C.  Fun- 
cher,  Soc,  145. 

XXI  f.  Counties  of  Rensselaer  and  Washington. 
Thomas  A.  Paterson,  Dem.,  17,188;  William 
H.  Draper,  Rep.,  22,344;  Geo.  A.  Casper, 
Soc,  i.21 ;  Foster,  Pro. ,  565. 

XXIII.  Counties  of  Albany  and  Schenectady. 
Georse  C.  Ilisgen,  Dem.,  27,344;  (^eorge  W. 
Southwick,  Rep.,  29.099;  H.  V.Jackson,  925. 

XXIV.  Counties  of  Delaware,  Otsego,  Ulster,  and 
Scholiarie.  Walter  Scott,  Dem.,  23,215;  Geo. 
W.  Fairchild,  Rep.,  24,474. 

XXV.  Counties  of  Fulton,  Hamilton,  IMontgom- 
ery,  Warren,  and  Saratoga.  Frank  Beebe, 
Dem.,  18,385;  Cvrus  Durey,  Rep.,  25,041; 
James  O'Neil,  Soc, 573;  Stufflebuu, 1,172. 

XXVI.  Counties  of  Clinton,  Essex,  Franklin, and 
St  Lawrence.  Andrew  B.  Cooney,  Dem., 
10,931;  George  R.  Malbj'.  Rep.,  26,209;  E.  C. 
Beers,  Soc,  191. 

XXVII.  CountiesofHerkimerand Oneida.  James 
K.  O'Connor,  Dem.,  19,757;  James  S.  Sher- 
man, Rep.,  24,027:  A.  L.  B.  Curtiss,  Soc.  ,614; 
N.  A.  Darling,  Pro. ,  692. 

XXVIII.  Counties  of  Jeff"erson.  Lewis,  and 
Oswego.  J.  C.  Bardo,  Dem.,  12,573;  Chas. 
L.  Knapp,  Rep.  23,451;  R.  K.  Bull,  Soc, 423; 
F.  N.  Lewis,  2,197. 

XXIX.  Counties  of  Onondaga  and  Madison. 
Wm.  W.Yan  Brocklin,  Dem. ,17,385;  Michael 
E.  Driscoll,  Ite)).,  30,350;  C.  J.  Baker,  Soc, 
690;  Cochran,  1,035. 

XXX.  Counties  of  Broome,  Chenango,  Tioga, 
Tompkins,  and  Cortland.  A.  G:  Geuimg, 
Dem..  16,269;  John  W.  D  wight,  Rep.,  27,069; 
Wismar,  Soc,  173;  Scott,  1,673. 

XXXI.  Counties  of  Cayuga,  Ontario,  Wayne,  and 
Yates.  Dudley  ivi.  Warner,  Dem.,  14,160; 
Sereno  E.  Pavne,  Rep.  ,25,476;  Perrin,  Soc, 
341;  Jackson,  721. 

XXXII.  Ctounty  of  Monroe.  William  L.  Man- 
ning, Dem.,  21,393;  James  B.Perkins,  Rep., 
25,343;  Henderson,  Soc,  1,006;  Durkee,  671. 

XXXIII.  Counties  of  Chemung, Schuyler,Seneca, 
and  Steuben .  Frank  P.  Frost,  Dem. ,  15,883; 
Jacob  S.  Fassett,  Rep.,  21,236;  Pettiboue, 
Soc  ,  574;  Baldwin,  948. 

XXXIV.  Counties  of  Genesee,  Livingston,  Ni- 
agara, Orleans,  and  Wj'oming.  Peter  A. 
Porter.  Dem.,  25.837;  James  W.  Wads  worth. 
Rep.  ,19,935;  Blighton.  Soc,  737. 

XXXV.  County  of  Erie  (part).  Wm.  H.  Ryan, 
Dem. ,22,140;  F.  X.  Bomhardt,  Rep.,  16,494; 

S.  Leary,  Soc,  419. 

XXXVI.  County  of  Erie  (part).  John  W.Wil- 
liams, Dem. ,  16,204  ;De  Alvos  S.  Alexander, 
Rep. ,24,457;  Henry  Moses, Soc.  ,411;  Witmer, 
802;  Mathews,  78L 

XXXVII.  Counties  of  Allegany,  Cattaraugus,  and 
Chautauqua.  Mark  Graves,  Dem. ,  11,662 ;  E. 
B.  Vreeland,  Rep.,  25,468;  E.  Esler,  Soc, 
827;  K.  Williams,  1,181. 


Klection  Jletnrns. 


T27 


NEW   YORK— Co7itinue(l. 


CoUNTTICa. 

(61.) 


Population 

of 
New  York 

SUte. 


Albany 

Allegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus.., 

Cayuga 

Chautauqua.., 

Chemung , 

Chenango  .... 

Clinton , 

Columbia 

Cortland , 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Krie 

Kssex , 

Franklin , 

Fulton 

Genesee 

Greene , 

Hamilton.  .  ., 
Herkimer.... 

Jefferson 

Kings , 

Lewis 

Livingston... 

Madison , 

Monroe , 

Montgomery. 

Nassau 

Kew  York 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Onondaga 

Ontario , 

Orange 

Orleans , 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam , 

Queens 

Rensselaer..., 
Richmond  ... 

Rockland 

St.  Lawrence. 

Saratoga 

Schenectady. 
Schoharie .... 

Schuyler 

Seneca , 

Steuben , 

Suffolk , 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkin-s. ..., 

Ulster 

Warren 

Washington. 

Wayne 

Westclaester . 

Wyoming 

Yates 


Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering  .... 

Whole  vote. 


Governor,  1906. 


171,497 
43,257 

72,282 
66,196 
65,309 
96,880 
51,600 
36,783 
47.282 
42,868 
29,503 
46,788 
81,633 

473.700 
32,452 
47,012 
42,330 
35,878 
31.130 
4.912 
53.866 
80,459 
1,358  686 
20,613 
36,450 
39,690 

239,434 

49,928 

69,4 

2,384,010 

84,744 

1,39.341 

178,441 
52,689 

108  26' 
31,323 
70,110 
48,209 
14.169 

198.240 

122.63 
72,845 
45,032 
90,045 
62,658 
71  334 
25,294 
15,122 
25,315 
81,814 
81,653 
84,795 
26,907 
34,151 
86,660 
31,935 
47,376 
48,664 

228,950 
31,355 
19,408 


8,067,308 


Hearst, 
Dem- 
and.  L. 

17,646 
2,293 
6,789 
4,410 
5,140 
6.348 
5,464 
3,334 
2.961 
4,552 
2.769 
4,101 
9,262 

39,497 
1,709 
2,316 
4,297 
2,498 
3,728 
434 
5,277 
5,560 
111,029 
2,007 
3,020 
3071 

22,061 

5,580 

4,716 

198,133 

8,434 

13,765 

15,624 
4,640 
9,633 
2,356 
5,588 
5,138 
1.428 

22,031 

13,865 
7,337 
3,754 
5,228 
6.234 
7,251 
3,262 
1,532 
2,878 
7.390 
5,172 
3,174 
2.610 
3,191 
7.704 
3,019 
3,417 
3,363 

18,748 
2,092 
1.568 


46.01 


LlEUTENANT- 

OOVERNOR. 


Huahes, 
Kei>. 


23,461 
6,260 
8,784 
7,626 
8,575 

11,768 
5,164 
5,563 
4,962 
5,478 
4,506 
7,109 
9,826 

40,779 
4,152 
4,998 
5,481 
5,041 
4,158 
552 
7,685 

10,629 

106,454 

3,718 

5,157 

6,248 

24,799 

6,387 

7,516 

134,325 

8,659 

17,154 

24,111 
7,390 

12, .572 
4,115 
9,318 
6,878 
2,103 

14,146 

15,444 
6,538 
4,173 

12,235 
8,524 
8.175 
3,185 
2,334 
3,486 

10,461 
8,913 
4,182 
3,766 
4,461 
9,500 
4,525 
6.895 
7,018 

24,233 
4,404 
2,943 


691,105    749,002  21.751      15,985 

57,897 


50.52 


Chase,  Randall, 
Soc.    Fro. 


312 

60 

28 

181 

232 

621 

340 

38 

51 

40 

16 

18 

50 

735 

65 

35 

301 

77 

52 

4 

144 

339 

3,871 

14 

81 

100 

904 

63 

47 

8,477 

72 

406 

555 

51 

143 

17 

58 

32 

5 

1,013 

245 

116 

49 

60 

90 

547 

6 

6 

51 

157 

78 

34 

15 

60 

58 

36 

68 

52 

532 

^28 

5 


1.46 
4,624 

1,482,467 


144 

389 
564 
359 
170 
464 
207 
265 
322 
101 
241 
255 
228 
358 

86 
202 
352 
142 
160 

13 
168 
615 
409 

81 
151 
298 
592 
142 

98 
402 
263 
449 
534 
185 
226 
205 
1,248 
318 

35 

62 
276 

78 

79 
411 
348 
213 
226 
114 
120 
432 
300 

79 
179 
246 
292 
190 
231 
234 
216 
213 
106 


1.08 


Chanler, 
l>em - 
Ind.  1>. 

T7,405 
2,297 
6,453 
4,483 
5,115 
5.110 
5,381 
3,381 
2,944 
4,525 
2,772 
4,194 
9.81:6 

38,898 
1,709 
2.334 
4,175 
2,517 
3,765 
429 
5.337 
5,627 
125,050 
2,034 
3.031 
3,027 

21,578 

5,452 

5,041 

209,679 

8,030 

13.746 

15,467 
4,710 
9.802 
2,367 
5,395 
5,188 
1,''63 

24.321 

13.748 
7,r97 
3,900 
5,231 
6,206 
7.126 
3,319 
1,527 
2,919 
7,274 
5,982 
3,100 
2  604 
3.190 
7,726 
2,911 
3,406 
3,391 

19,184 
2,117 
1,578 


Bruce, 
Hep. 

23,631 
6  203 
8,911 
7,631 
8,550 

11,753 
5,194 
5,455 
4,948 
5,485 
4,447 
6,951 
9,257 

41.406 
4,136 
4,973 
5 ,56i 
5.023 
4,106 
549 
7,595 

10.543 

89.244 
3,663 
5,093 
6,190 

25,152 

6,510 

7.109 

119,960 

8,746 

17,111 

24,172 
7,265 

12,338 
4,012 
9,310 
6,785 
2  055 

12,449 

15,226, 
5,947 
3.971 

12,164 
8  492 
8.274 
3.124 
2,313 
3,414 

10,482 
8,517 
4,200 
3,824 
4,444 
9.3t-7 
4.549 
6,855 
6,970 

23,5:59 
4.346 
2,905 


Pi:E8!r>ENT, 

19114. 


18,768 
2,718 
6,480 
4,923 
6,707 
6,295 
5,641 
3,817 
3,988 
5,245 
2,649 
4,347 
8,275 

36,582 
2,028  i 
2,869 
3,884 
2,883 
3,845 
655 
5.8271 
6,696 

111855 
2,842 
3,252 
3,410 

16,544: 
6,2091 
5,282 I 

1897121 
7,550: 

14,064 

14,633 
5,283 
9,882 
2,502 
6,152 
5,725 
1,395 

18,151 

12. 629 
7.182 
4,246 
5,798 
6,149 
5,981 
4,010 
1,621 j 
3,288 
7,364' 
6,795 
3,582 
2,840 
3,780 
9,516 
2,756 
3,517 
4,140 

18,093 
2,477 
1,752 


24. 964 

7,835 

10.853 

10.182 

10, 708 

15,891 

7,282 

6,394 

6,327 

5,996 

5,222 

7,628 

11.709 

49.669 

5,385 

6,699 

6,521 

5,810 

4,527 

688 

8,319 

12.0.50 

113246 

4,242 

5,884 

6,947 

30,772 

7,444 

8,222 

155003 

10.881 

19.243 

27,115 

8,184 

14,222 

5,027 

11,174 

7,770 

2,316 

14,096 

17,631 

7,000 

4,283 

15.274 

9,546 

9,535 

3,672 

2,570 

3,823 

12,680 

9,937 

4,452 

4,628 

6,414 

11,-356 

4,943 

8,324 

8,081 

25.101 

5,456 

3,380 


203 
651 
670 
494 
292 
648 
293 
373 
348 
119 
324 
345 
349 
667 

79 
232 
417 
242 
166 

11 
235 
622 
519 
116 
304 
374 
1,023 
154 

79 


330 

86 

108 

206 

171 

691 

378 

68 

23 

45 

26 

25 

102 

1,334 

75 

61 

463 

109 

87 

2 

188 

449 

6,598 

34 

46 

169 

2,263 

88 

39 


■  1 


526  16,472 


479 
605 
561 
254 
328 
303 
924 
423 
28 
68 
350 
124 
90 
466 
418, 
201 
220 
150 
114 
872 
382 
101 
211 
295 
336 
181 
352 
326 
309 
300 
141 


163 

391 

700 

34 

344 

53 

114 

56 

12 

1,288 

323 

154 

63 

71 

152 

434 

9 

13 

37 

246 

143 

26 

14 

88 

92 

101 

112 

74 

8(W 

31 

11 


7 18, 642  7 13, 068  683981  859533  20 ,  787  36, 883 

5.574         ..  |17.5552|  ..    .. 
49.98   49.14  42.28'  53.13'  1.28'  2.28 
53.112  16.586 

1,477.362  1.617,770 


Of  the  total  vote  ca-st  lor  Hearst  for  UovtTuur.  190H,  17,837  votes  were  cast  under  ilie  eiiihlei;i  i)i 
the  Independence  League.  Of  the  total  vote  for  Chanler  for  Lieuteuaut-Goveruor,  17,460  voles 
were  cast  under  the  emblem  of  the  Independence  League.        • 

For  Secretary  of  State,  1906,  Wbalen,  Dem. ,  received  717.920  votes;  O'Brien,  Rep.,  711,153. 

For  State  Comptroller,  1906,  Glynu,  Dem.,  received  719. 7'25  votes;  Lewis,  Rep..  709.398. 

For  State  Treasurer.  1906.  Hauser,  Dem.,  received  719.822  votes;  Wallenmier,  Rep..  709.154. 

For  Attornev-General,  1906,  .[ackson,  Dem.,  received  720,338  votes;  Haver,  Rep. ,  708.778. 

For  .State  Engineer,  1906,  Slcene,  Dem.,  received  719,623  votes;  Van  Alstyne,  Rep. ,  709,018. 

For  President  in  1904,  Corrigan,  Soc.  L. ,  received  9.127  votes;  Watson.  Pop.,  7,459. 

TheoulvState  ticket  in  1907  was  for  .ludges  of  tlie  Court  of  Appeals.  E.  T.  and  Willard  Bartlett, 
Dem,  and  Rep., respect ively.nceived  1,180. 275  and  1,16.), 282.  to  114,209  and  121,304  for  R.  H.Lyon 
and  .1.  T.  McDonoutrh.lndei>endence  League  gaudidates,  respectively.  The  highegl  Socialist  vote  was 
?3,798;  highest  Prohibitjuu,  i8,77§,  .       .  f 


728 


Election  lieturns. 


VOTE  OF  GITY  OF  NEW  YORK  FOR  GOVERNOR,  1906. 


MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX. 


UlST. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19  . 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 

Total 


Ue<ris  - 
tratioM. 

~M68 
8.721 

10,962 
7,065 

11,007 
7,370 

11,370 
7,917 
9,7£4 

8,6:« 
10,619 

9,617 

9.150 
10,407 
12,321 

8  721 
11,835 

9,17-:i 
12  231 

8,935 
12,477 
10,154 
13,828 

7,548 
11,682 

9,902 
10,830 

7,096 
11,418 
15,199 
12,248 
17,313 
11.184 
13,014 
12,173 


He.-irst, 

Dem. 

Ind.  L. 


369.736 


6,994 
6,545 
7,275 
5,609 
7,093 
4,805 
5.586 
5,387 
5,875 
5,140 
6,598 
6,895 
5,354 
6,428 
3,390 
5,016 
4.0U8 
5.356 
4,645 
5,802 
4,626 
5,606 
5718 
4.887 
4,412 
5,615 
3,288 
4.399 
3.284 
8,620 
4,472 
10.429 
6,548 
7,137 
6,291 


Ilusrhes, 
Hep. 


2,030 
1.402 
2415 
876 
3,558 
1.625 
3,683 
1.623 
2,692 1 
2.508 
3.019 
1,959 
2.644 
2,936 
7,930 
2,861 
6,494 
2,883 
6,388 
2.128 
6,510 
2.770 
6  915 
1,606 
6,219 
3,052 
6,123 
2,022 
7,278 
5,155 
6,798: 
5,484 
3,0441 
4,765 
4,930 


Chase, 
See. 


43 

307 
136 
331 

94 
356 

97 
452 
155 
453 
160 
236 

71 
148 

54 
24 
106 
315 
259 
536 
111 
766 
137 
400 

79 
298 

48 
140 

81 
283 
110 
411 
466 
202 
289 


Raitdall 
I'ro. 


198,133'    134,325        8,477 


13 

3 

9 

3 

21 

6 

16 

a 

6 

8 

11 

13 

13 

7 

18 

4 

4 

9 

22 

6 

*  21 

9 

20 

2 

15 

4 

20 

3 

19 

15 

11 

15 

8 

23 

20 


BROOKLYN. 


402 


9 
21 

58 

56 

26 

115 

42 
45 

34 
65 
24 
51 

18 

481 

18, 

27 

25 

49  i 

26  i 

80 

49 

64 

26 

lo^ 

87 

57 

17 

45 

22 

58 

li  "i^"^-' 

72 

122 

55 


DiST. 

T 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 


Total 


Uesis- 
tration. 


10,500 

9,687 

8,597 

10,239 

11,442 

8,470 

8,850 

9,003 

11.139 

11,192 

10,795 

11,722 

8,612 

8.373 

9,150 

11.465 

11,202 

•11,246 

8,3.31 

10,256 

6.964 

16,583 

_  11,778 

235,542 


Ile.irst, 
Dem. 
lud.  L. 

"4.277 
6.3.51 

5,404 
4,403 
3,9iil 
4,482 
5,376 
5.318 
5.807 
4,090 
3,985 
4,487 
4,481 
4,419 
5,38-2 
4,829 
3,257 
3.422 
4.483 
4.468 
3,769 
8,164 
6,474 


Hiig;hes, 
Kep. 


Chase, 
See. 


111,029 


5.461 

2,600i 

2,548i 

5,113! 

6,870' 

4,161 

2.774 

3.101 

4.382 

6,192 

5,986 

6.492  i 

3.259 

3,290 

3,054 

5.629 

7.248 

7.112 

2  903 

4,826 

2,301 

6,986 

4,166 


55 

49 

80 

111 

79 

260 

94 

71 

110 

55 

48 

94 

179 

90 

159 

86 

54 

72 

519 

411 

355 

437 

403 


106,4541      3,871 


Randall, 
Pro. 

19 

3 

11 

24 
33 

9 
19 
14 
25 
27 
20 
24 
16 
12 
17 
15 
28 
32 

2 
13 
10 
23 
13 


Jack- 
son, 
Soc.  L. 

18 

26 
19 

"34 
26 
56 
31 
26 
40 
10 
16 
16 
34 
38 
21 
19 
13 
13 
43 
32 
49 
65 
72 


409!      717 


QUEENS. 


1,660 I 


9,835 

8,493 

10,848 

10,182 

6,221 
5,015 
6,564 
4,231 

22.031 

2,7281 
2,862 
3,238 
5,2581 

39,358 

14  086 

RICHMOND. 


Total!     15,0871       7,321 1       6.538 


1161 


781 


49 


Gr'd 
Total 


659,723    338,.514    261,403      13,477' 


951'   2,530 


VOTE   FOR   STATE   SENATE, 

RICHMOND. 

1906. 

1)ISTRICT. 

Democrat. 

Republican. 

Socialist. 

Prohibition. 

Independence  Leagu*. 

2 

Harte 7,937i  Wiilhice 5,792 

Burns 106' 



QUEENS. 


2 1  Harte 22,800 1  Wall  ace 12,988iBiirus. 


1,090! 


BROOKLYN. 


3 Ciillen 11,041 

4 !Cragg 8,311 

5 iThoinpsou..  10,819 

6 i'lackett..  ..14,662 

7 iMcCarreu  ..  9.016 

8 'Fuller 16,046 

9 Hasstniflug..  8,276 

10 Uiourke 8,085 


O'Neill.  . 
Foelker. . 
Thouet.  . 

I'ravis 

-May 

Cooper... 
Kissel.... 
Oilchrist. 


.  8,620 
.13,850 
.  8,670 
.16,-^18 
.  6,44>5 
.15,175 
.  7,131 
.  9,923 


Cook 

Nolan 

Ward 

-McKenzie.., 
Ilaiineman. 

Milev 

Kalsh 

Koenig 


189  Brown. 


539 
302 
211 

489 

240 

1,446 

1,002 


Terry 

.Tones 

Morrison. 
Irvine.... 
Smith... . 

Pratt 

Hinch.... 


42 'Gardner. 
781  Walsh  ... 
72  Madden. 
74  Hackett. 
45  Holweli. 
110  Fuller..., 

66  Wioke 

50, Kane. ... 


6,720 
6,458 
7,070 

7,166 

6,958 
7.470 


MANHATTAN. 


11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 

IH. 

19. 
20. 
21. 


Mullaney. . 

Sohnier. 

Sullivan 

<ira(ly 

.Mc.Manus. . 

McCall  

Livingston.. 
Momaud.. . 

Fo.x 

Frawley..  . 

(^)\\-ens 

Cohalan 


18,024 
14  ,.563 
16,989 
14,321 
15.744 

17 ,65;> 
9,426 
,13,336 
10.671 
.14,491: 
,12,666 
.21,9841 


Biggio.... 
Hoiiman. 
Husch..  . 

Rock 

Wait 

Castka.... 
Agnew... 

Saxe 

Page 

Prince.... 
McCabe. . 
Steiger... 


.  3,738 1 

.  5,6871 
7,893! 
,  7,510' 
.  6.800 
.  6,693 
.  1.802t 
.19.224, 
,18,374! 
.  6,761! 
.  8,807 
.10,4221 


Babiisky. . 
Edelstein.., 

Lanz , 

Mullen 

GrilHu 

Eliret 

Ghent 

Abrahams. 
.Shanahan. 

Parr , 

Koerner 

Spranger. . 


l,119f  Allen 

l,828iLewis 

3721Smith 

676  Wheat 

4091  Livingston. 
1,644} Lehman  ... 

214'Brooks 

323  Packer 

386|Nedig 

975  Ka.son 

771  Brown 

1,139  Victor 


19|Mullaiiey 
SlSohmer... 

5u 

26 

28 

30  McCall!!!! 


56 

4 

00 

46 

33 

61 


Begg 

Momaud. 
Brown.... 
Frawlej'. 
Deford.... 


.3,152 
!  5,695 
.7,9i3 


VOTP:  of  the  state  of   new  YORK  since  1892. 


Bern.      Rep. 
1S92.  Pres ....  *654.865   609,350 
l^J4.Gov...   t517,710    673.818 
1896. Pres.... 45.51 ,369    819,838 
ls97.Cb.  .T\is.   554,680    493.791 

\^-M.  ( :!ov 643.921    661 ,707 

1900.  G  ov  ■■    ■  693, 7;|3^  804.8.59 

*  I'opiilist  vote  in  addition, iii,429, 
J  Social  democratic  vole,  lV,86tf, 


Gr.  Pro.       Pin. 

17,9.56  58.190    45..-)l8  D 

15,868  23..526  1.56,lo8  K 

17.667  16,(l.'.2  268,469  K 

20.854  19.65.i     60.8^9  D 

23,860  18,.383    17,786  R 

13.493  22,704  111.126  11 


Dem.  lifp. 

1900.  Pres  .. . .  §678,386  821  992 

19u2.(-iov 656,347  665.150 

1904.  Pres....     683.981  859,513 

1904.  (iov....     7ae,';04  813,964 

1906.Gov....    631,106  749.002 
1907..1.Ct.Ap.l,165'}82 1,180,275 


Soc.  Pro.      Pin. 

12,622  22.0'13  143,606  R 

1.5,886  20,490     8.803  R 

36,883  20,787  175,552  R 

36.257  20,668   80,560  R 

21,751  15,985   57,897  R 

23.798  18,775    14,983  R 


t  Populist  vote,  1 1,04'9.     jjcm.  Uefoiin  vote,  27/30^.      J  Ni..''Uiil  L/emocralic  vole,  lb,!#60. 


J^leetion 


Heturns. 


729 


VOTE  FOR  ASSEMBLYMEN,   NEW  YORK,  1907.* 


As- 

SKM. 
UlS. 

TT. 

2.. 

3  . 

4.. 

5.. 

6.. 

7.. 

8.. 

9.. 
10.. 
11... 
12.. 
13.. 
14.. 
15.. 
16.. 
17.. 
18.. 
19.. 
20.. 
21.. 
22.. 
23.. 
24.. 
25.. 
26.. 
27.. 
28.. 
29.. 
30.. 
31.. 
32.. 
33.. 
34.. 
35.. 


Democr»t. 


Republican, 


Ifoughlau 4,603         

Smith 8,706         

■Oliver 6,571  retilli , 

Levy 3,4021  Wald man, 

Eagletou 5,373|        

Steru 2,846|Robbon.... 


Granbard 4,887 

Hacketr 3,941 

Speilberg 2.663 

Doliau 3,852 

Foley , 5,476 

Hoey 3,b24 

Henick 4,719 

Soioman 3,621 

McCue   4  125 

McXamee 3  390 

Goldberg  ....  3,579 

Douihee 3,926 

McGrath 4,484 

Felix 3,777 

Wagner 4,367 

O'Brien 5,230 

Spriggins 3,023 

Irwin 3,182 

Dicklieiser 3,007 

Donnellan....  2,391 

Buckley 2.851 

Liebmaim  .. . .  4,058 

Cuvillier 5,669 

Greenberg 3,834 

Silberman 8.018 

Schmidt 5,097 

Schulz 6,032 

Sheridan,...  6,812 


Simpson  .. 


,     854 

.    887 

2,125 
l',402 


IBothuer 1,659 


Brougb.... 
Conkl'in . . . 
Francis  ... 
Ward".'.'.'."... 


3,724 

4',226 
5',287 

4',2ii 


Olenick 

Weeks 

Caspar.  , . . . 
Reece 


Brooks 


1.211 

3,335 
3,407 
3,802 

1.678 


Fusion, 


Nowak 

Wolf 


..  2,:i45 
, .  1,557 


Bodine •. ..  3,043 


Simpson 2,788 

Stone 2,080 

McOabe' S.'o-lO 

.lohnston  ...    .  3,860 

James 2,039 

Scan  Ion 2,.53d 

Grady 3,134 

Bennett 4,338 


Ind.  League. 


Diamoiid 
Fliasmik. 

Fraiikel". . 
Keller 


Brennau 3,449 

Ferry  V.'. 2/261 

O'Neiil.'. 2J878 

Langer 2,254 


Strauss 3.028 

Robinson 3,498 


Grimier 6.296 


Abramson  ....  5,173 
Ireland 4,571 


Gross. 


.    62 
.    792 

.    354 
4,318 

.    960 


Defvtne 

Campbell... 

Pitsky ".'..... 

Schoeppler.. 

Parker 

Begg 

.'.■.■.'.'.'   ^ 

Schiiltz 

Carmichael . 
Donovan.... 
Fink 


.    936 
.    959 

1^270 

1.176 

l',896 

'844 


1,070 

677 

2,008 

1,033 


Ruddick 1,677 


I  .  o  -    a 
I.-  .-ai     O 

l::-tH?    t^ 


00      r  -  rn 

•'7.  n 


VOTE  FOR  ASSEMBLYMEN,  BROOKLYN,   1907. 


»' 


Terry 3,371 ;  Goodspeed 

Jacobs 4,039        

Baujaan 3,286        

Troy 3.7341  Brown  , 

Weil 2,565  Weber 

Coon 3,050 

Geohegan 3,794  Phillips... 

Farrell 3,339 


Shea 4,034 

Burton 3,445 

Fry 3,955 

Donnelly 3.542 

Fav 4.140 

Schutta 3  459 

Grady 4,4.58 

Hanson 2,640 

Eno 3.031 

Feth 2,971 

Kempner 3,108 

Gluck 1,951 


1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23..  Mootiey 3,810  Sergeant 


Colne., 
Green. 


Miller... 
Conrady 
Farrar.. 


Glore  

Sprenger 


3,207 


3,400 
5,057 

1^928 


4,146 
5,026 


2,376 
4,260 
4,965 


3,543 
1 ,7.59 

4,009 


1  Moore' 


Walsh  . 
Hurley. 


Surpless . 

McBride . 

Voss 

Murphy.. 


3,418 
3,574 


.4,315 

3,885 
5.810 
4,732 


Fries. ... 
Wanke. 


3,367 
2,740 


Lee 

Holbrook. 


Lachmaa 


6,571 
3,323 


6,422 


Knapp .... 
Forrester , 


Malone  ., 
Bolger  . . . 


Kinney  . .. 
Pierce...  . 


Collins . 
Seccia.. 
Ryan... 


Kelly... 
Glote... 
Rose  ... 
Tucker. 


997 

'996 
1,415 

1,586 

3,341 

'98l 
976 


1,838 
1,354 
1,060 


1,477 
1.045 
7,371 
1,505 


.a" 


H^  — ■  C 


p  ^h  I  2 


_.  o     •  ■  — 

•2-'  . 


tt-; 


o  s 

CO'H 
IK     - 


S3 

^    . 


ii   ^: 


o   . 

(tort         M 

a 

<D  O 

■^  Oi 

o  ci 


<    .'^'5^  SCO*  J! 


O 
*^ 

o 
a 

D 
Sri 

0) 

t/j 

o 
> 

'S 

V 

4^ 
*^ 
a 
o 

M 

0) 

o 

•d 
a 

sS 

o" 
u 

'*^ 

o 


« 2  3     2     0.1^ 

U2hnrH      H      CC^ 


VOTE  FOR  MAYOR  OF  GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


1897. 

1901. 

-^— 

Manhat- 
tan :ind 
Bronx. 

Brook- 
lyn. 

Queens. 

9,275 

5.639 

5,876 

921 

83 

Rich- 
mond. 

Manhat- 
tan and 
Bronx. 

Brook- 
lyn. 

Queens. 

Ricli- 
mind. 

Van  Wyck,  Dem... 
Tracy,  Rep 

143,666 
55,834 
77,210 

9,786 
650 

76,185 

37,611 

65,656 

3,593 

507 

4,871 

2,779 

2,798 

157 

119 

Shepard,  Dem 

Low.Fus 

1.56,631 

162,298 

617 

4,323 

6,409 

88,858 

114,625 

501 

1,638 

2,692 

13,679 
13,118 

6,tH)9 
6.772 

Low,  Cit.Un 

Sanial,Soc.  Lab 

Wardwell,  Pro 

Manierre,  Pro 

Keinard,  Soc.  Lab. . 
Hanford, Soc.  Dem. 

74            72 
181            71 
613          120 

1903. 

1905. 

Manhat- 
tan and 
Bronx. 

Brook- 
lyn. 

Queens. 

Rich- 
mond. 

", 

Manhat- 
tan and 
Bronx. 

140,264 

64.280 

123,292 

Brook- 
lyn. 

Queens. 

Rich- 
mond. 

McClellan,  Dem 

Low.Fus 

188,681 

132.178 

11.318 

3,540 

376 

102,569 

101,251 

4,529 

1,411 

396 

17,074 

11,960 

976 

178 
47J 

6,458 

6,697 

133 

76 

50 

McClellan,  Dem — 

Ivins,Rep 

Hearst,  M.  O,  L 

68.788 
61,192 

84,835 

13,228 

7,213 

13,706 

6,127 
4  499 

Furman,  Soc.  Dem.. 
H  u  n  ter,  .Soc.  Lab. . . . 
McKee,  Pro 

3,096 

f?» 


730 


Election  JleturnB. 


NORTH    CAROLINA. 


Counties. 


1'kksid..xt, 
1904. 


P.niker 
Ueiu. 


Alauiauce  — 
.Alexander  — 
Allegiiauy... 

Alison 

Ashe 

Jieaufoil 

JJertie 

JUadeii. 

Brnnswick  — 
Bnuconibe  — 

Bnrke  

C'abarru.s 

Caldwell 

Camden 

Carteret 

Caswell 

Catawba 

Chatham 

Cherokee 

Chowan 

Clay 

Cleveland  — 

Cohimbus 

Cra\ en 

Cumberland. . 

Currituck 

Dare 

Davidson 

Davie 

Duplin  

Durham 

tldgecoinbe. . 

Forsyth 

Franklin 

Gaston 

tiates 

Graham 

Granville 

Greene 

Guilford 

Halifax 

Harnett 

Haywood 

Heudei-son... 

Hertford 

Hvde 

Iredell 

Jackson  

Johnston 

Jones 

Lenoir 

Lincoln 

Macon 

Madison 

■Martin 

McDowell  ..  .. 
Mecklenburg  . 

Mitchell 

Montgoinery.. 

Moore 

Nash  .; 

Kew  Hanovei 
Xorthampton 

Onslow 

Orange 

Pamhco. 


Pasquotank  . 

Pender  

Perquimans  . 

Person 

Pitt 

Polk.. 

Randolph 

Richmond    .. 

Robeson 

Rockingham 

Rowan 

Rutherford. . . 

Sampson 

Bcotlaud 


1907 

770 

699 

1,226 

1  2o4 

1.8o;5 

1,264 

<^27 

564 

3,1^1 

1,080 

1  509 
1,169 

389 
1,012 

874 
1497 
1551 

66.! 

573 

336 
2162 
1.447 
1.555 
1,594 

543 

415 
2,017 

739 
1386 
16(/3 
1,588 
2.301 

2  099 
1958 

677 
362 
1,595 
949 
2  763 
2,427 
1169 


Hoose  I  8h  al- 
velt,  1   low, 
Uep.       I'ro. 

*L77b 
93; 
543 

207 
1,651 

867 

252 

558 

487 
2  591 
1001 

12:>4 

1,419 
99 


666 
201 

1309 

14 
980 
148 
325 

1,036 
876 
268 

1,129 

33 

350 

2,054 

1.072 
815 

1080 
126 

2  209 
28: 
896 
273 
401 
518 
283 

1.716 
181 


1.631 

1125 

, , 

887: 

1.341 

... 

778 

186 

... 

614 

318 

2126 

1510 

5 

1015- 

947 

2  5721 

1553 

.. 

638 

250 

•  •• 

1,:-j86 

674 

1 

1009 

761 

904 

987 

0 

994 

1,959 

1,419 

216 

836 

931 

17 

3,142 

748 

10 

408 

1,384 

937 

858 

1424 

1,178 

5 

1428 

645 

1254 

91 

1  5(t9 

116 

... 

828 

451 

900 

558 

574 

438 

947 

275 

1 

903 

168 

610 

378 

1 

942 

473 

2  329 

429 

2 

497 

559 

2.334 

1.808 

21 

927 

306 

2  274 

982 

.. 

1934 

1.276 

, 

2.424 

1.215 

16 

1860 

1322 

1079 

1.771 

646 

66 

, , 

2 
29 


41 
1 


28 
20 

"10 

1 

11 

'l3 


21 
'  6 


Wat- 
son, 

I'ul). 

"'  1 
'"11 


190(1. 


40 
12 


23; 


b 
46 

"48 
1 

"12 


Uo 


40 
10 

1 

"11 


33 


IS 

6 


56 

25 


15 


6 

19 

4 


Brvan, 
Deiii. 

l."923 

774 

709 

1.856 

\.hV> 

2,;;i6 

2.420 
1,102 
525 
3,  724 
1.389 

1  486 
1,111 

4y8 

1,046 

1.342 

1,607 

1.489 

774 

898 

404 

2  '>28 
1^623 
2,027 
1,9&5 

927 

404 
1,823 

832 
1.878 
2, 373 
3,009 
2,483 
2,781 
1,931 
1,125 

858 
2,287 
1,385 
3. 335 
3.990 
1.34i 
1,  735 

973 
1,337 

867 
2.523 


NORTH  CA ROLI N A— Con/tH ued. 


1.080 
3,154 

713 
1.936 

893 

977 
1.268 
1,819 
1.014 
3,786 

491 
1.100 
1,606 
2,600 
2.24 
1  992 
1.322 
1,274 

59 
1,196 
1,13 

830 
1.466 
3.264 

484 
2.264 
1.264 
3,280 
2,682 
2.461 
2,081 
1,257 

924 


.Me. 

Kinlfj 
Hep. 

2T256 

.    938 

662 

673 

1.937 

1,799 

1.067 

1.192 

643 

4,141 

1.110 

1,111 

1,317 

535 

767 

1,297 

1,524 

2,240 

1,157 

932 

394 

l,:sil 

1,  237 
1,502 
2,138 

435 

231 
2.329 
1.251 
1,081 
2.026 
1,635 
2.588 
1,602 
1,626 

564 

387 
1.585 

820 
3.296 
2, 174 
1,199 
1,257 
1,483 

732 

798 
2,044 
1.047 
1.997 

602 
1,224 
1,133 
1.035 
2.327 
1.088 
1.105 
2.324 
1.958 

920 

2,029 

1,3.37 

60 

1,587 

618 
1,280 

729 
1,282 

6 
1.274 
2.156 

652 
2,487 

504 
1.146 
2,252 
1,555 
1,981 
2,002 
44 


JPUKSI 

Ob.NT, 

Prks 

DBNT, 

1904. 

19i.'0. 

Ci.'tNTIBS. 

Parker 
Dem. 

1024 

Uoose 
veil. 
Rep. 

1080 

Sw  al  • 
low, 
rro. 

Wat- 
son, 
Pop. 

3 

EjV^^"'  Kinky 
"'^'"-      Hep. 

Stanly 

1, 265       792 

Stokes 

1  h>4 

1478 

2 

... 

1.443    1.798 

Siirrv 

1741 

2  475 

... 

1,898    2,451 

Swain 

499 

828 

o%l      782 

Transylvania 

556 

526 

... 

529;      622 

Tvrrell 

343 

367 

466:      383 

Union  

11«1 

379 

... 

20 

1.790 

864 

\rance 

1.019 

443 

••• 

6 

1,233 

881 

Wake 

3,410 

1267 

7 

16 

4.774 

3.947 

Warren 

1.060 

165 

17 

1,573 

1,337 

Washington.. 

450 

428 

•  •• 

•  *• 

834 

784 

Watauga 

773 

1143 

•  •■ 

2 

923 

1,439 

Wayne 

2,060 

1,162 

■  .• 

2 

3,104 

1.965 

Willies 

i;si8 

2  470 

*•■ 

>•• 

1,704 

2,840 

Wilson 

1363 

623 

••• 

2,816 

1.194 

Yadkin 

691 

1433 

6 

2 

950 

1.733 

Yancey 

1013 

864 

... 

954 

1.082 

Total 

124121 

82.442 

361 

819 

157752 

133081 

Plurality 

41,679      .. 

24,671 

Per  cent 

59.71    39.61 

6.11 

0.38 

53.89    45.47 

Scattering 

■     124 

Whole  vote 

207,867 

292.669 

For  President  in  1904,  Debs,  Soc. ,  received  124 
votes. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Glenn, 
Dem.,  128,761;  Harris,  Kep.,  79,505;  Templetou, 
Pro. .'237;  Pegram,  Soc,  109.  Glemi's  plurality, 
49.256. 

For  President  In  1900,  Woolle3',  Pro., received 
1  006  votes;  Barker,  Pop.,  830  vote.s. 

VOTK  FOK  RKPKKSKNTaTXVK-S  IN   COXQRKSS,  1906. 

Districts. 

I.  Beaufort,  Camden,  Chowan,  Currituck,  Dare, 

Gates,  Hertford, Hyde,  Martin,  Pasquotank. 
Perquimans,  Pitt,  Tyrrell,  and  Washington, 
John  small,  Dem.  .11,401;  John  Q.  A.  Wood, 
Rep.,  3,610.  .Small's  majority,  7,791. 

II.  Bertie,  Edgecombe,  Greene.  Halifa.x,  Lenoir, 

Northampton.  Warren,  and  Wilson.  Claude 
Kitchin.  Dem..  10,057;  James  R.  Gaskijl, 
'Rep.  ,1,816.    Kitchiu's  majority. 8,241. 

III.  Carteret,  Craven,  Duplin.  Jones,  Onslow, 
I'amlico.  Pender.  Sampson,  and  Wayne. 
C.  R.  Thomas,  Dem.,  10.382;  William  R. 
Dixon,  Rep.,  5,280.  Thomas'  majority, 5,102. 

IV.  Chatham.  Franklin,  .Johnston,  Nash,  Vance, 

and  Wake.  Edw.W.  Pou,  Dem. ,12,161;  IJerry 
Godwin,  Rep..  5,270.    Pou's   majority,  6,891. 

V.  Alamance,  Caswell.  Durham,  Forsj'th.  Gran- 

ville, Guilford,  Orange,  Person,  Rocking- 
ham, and  Stokes.  Wm.  W.  Kitchin,  Dem., 
16,.503;C.K  Reynolds,  Rep., 11,089.  Kitchln'3 
majority,  5,414. 

VI.  Bladen,  Brunswick,  Columbus,  Cumberland, 

Harnett,  New  Hanover,  and  Robeson.  Han- 
nibal L.  Godwin,  Dem.,  9,729;  James  D. 
Schulken,  Rep.  ,4,645.  Godwin's  majority, 
5,184. 

VII.  Anson,  Davidson,  Davie,  Montgomery, 
Moore,  Randolph,  Richmond,  Scotland, 
Union,  and  Yadkin.  Robt.  N.  Page,  Dem., 
11,780;  George  D.  B.  Reynolds,  Rep.  9,008. 
Page's  majority,  2,772. 

Alexander,    Alleghany,   Ashe,    Cabarrus, 


VIIL  _        . 

Caldwell,  Iredell.  Rowan.  Stanly,  Surry. 
Watauga,  and  Wilkes.  Richard  D.  Hackett, 
Dem.  .16,907;  Spencer  Blackburn.Rep.,  15,841. 
Hackett' s  majority,  1,066. 

IX.    B'.irke.   Catawba,    Cleveland,   Gaston,  Lin- 
coln, Madison,  Mecklenburg,  Mitchell,   and 
Yancev.  Edw. Y.Webb.  Dem.,  12, 727;  Frank 
B.   Roberts,  Rep..  8.988   Webb's  majority, 
'      3,739. 


Election  Returns. 


731 


NORTH  CAROLINA— Cb«<f«»gfj. 

X.  Counties  of  IJuncombe,  Cherokee,  Clay,  Gra- 
ham, Haywood, Henflprson,Jackson,McDo\v- 
ell,  Macon,  Polk,  Rutherford,  Swiin,  Tran- 
•sylvania.  William  T.Crawford,  Dem.  ,18,069; 
James  J.  Britt,  Rep.,  12,260.  Crawford's 
majority,  7,809. 

PRKSENT  STATE  GOVERXMKNT. 

Governor.  R.  R.  Glenn;  Lieuteiiant-C'Overuor, 
F  D.  Winston;  .Secretary  of  State,  .1.  B.  Grimes; 
Treasurer,  B.  K.  Lacey;  Auditor,  B.  F.  Dixon; 
Attorne.v-General,  R.  I).  Gilmer;  Hnperintenrtent 
of  Education,,!.  V.  .loyner;  Qjmmissioiier  of  Agri- 
culture, 8.  L.  Patterson;  Commissioner  of  In- 
surance, J.  R.  Young;  Adjutant-Geueral,  T.  R. 
Roberlsou— all  Democrats. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Walter  Clarke 
Rep.;  Justices.  Geo.  H.  Brown.  Dem.  ;  Wm.  A. 
Hoke,  Dem.;  Henry  (.;.  Connor,  P.  D.  Walker; 
Clerk,  Thomas  S.  Keuau,  Dem. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

..^         Seaatf.    Mouse.  Joint  Ballot. 

Democrats 46  99  145 

Republicans 4  21  25 


Democratic  majority..    42  78 

VOTE  OF  TKE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 


120 


1872.  President.. 
1876.  President. 
1880.  President.. 
1S8J.  President.. 
1888.  President.. 


Dem.     Kep 
..  70,092    94,7«3 
.  .125.427  108,419      .... 
..124,204  115.878    1,136 
, .142.952  125,068      .... 
.  .147,902  134,784 


Gr.    Pro.    Mnj. 

....  24,601  R 
....  17.008  J) 
...  *8,326  D 
4.54  '17,884  D 


....  U  J89    13,118  D 
Pop. 
1892.  President.. ..132,951  100,342  44,736  2,636   3,=2,609  D 

Deni.      lit^/K-Pop.       3f(i/. 
1894.  Ch.  Justice..    127,593         148..'?44         20,751  R.-P 

Dem.     Rep.      Drq).    Pro.     Pin. 
1896.  Governor  . .  .145,216  154  052  30  932    ....     8,936  R 

Fiix.       Jx'ep.       iV;  D. 
1896.  President . .  .174,488  155,222       578      675   19,266  F 

Drill. 

1898.  Judge 177 ,449  159,511     17,938  D 


19W. 
1900. 
1902. 
1904. 


Governor.. ..186,650  126,296 
President.. .157.752  l:}3,081 
Jus.  Sup.  Ct  132,239  71,275 
President..  124,121    81,442 


Peo. 

....      358 
830  1,086 

'8i9     '36i 


60,354  D 
26,671  D 
50,964  i) 
41,679  D 


*  Plurality. 


NORTH    DAKOTA. 


CODNTIES. 
(39.) 


Governor, 
1        1906. 


Burke,]  Sari  68, 
Dem.      Kefi. 


Barnes ^  1,348 

Benson 1,062 

BiUings i       421 

Bottineau 1,672; 

Burleigh 1      489 1 

Cass 1,884! 


Cavalier, 

Dickey 

Eddy 

Kmmons 

Foster 

Grand  P'orks. 
a  ri*^'"''s ........ 

Kidder 

La  Moure 

Logan 

McHeiiry 

Mcintosh 

jNlcKenzie  .. . 

IMcLeau 

Mercer , 

Morton 

Nelson 

Oliver 


923 
391 
295 

1,150 
983 

2.056 

1.043 
676 
365 
600 
260 

1,050 

2:;8 

294 
687 
510 


1,574' 

330 

387 

274 

617 
3,020 

736 

168 

471 
59 
1,014;  1,072 


Presidknt, 
ISM. 


Dfw, 

Pavker 

Soo. 

Dem. 

46 

451 

8 

143 

3 

37 

84 

753 

17 

237 

58 

609 

27 

771 

18 

336 

10 

162 

9 

281 

5 

323 

39 

m 

19 
211 
364 

14 
S95 
849 
llo 


426 
3;56 

1,636 
.325 

1,646 
664 
ii44 


15 

1] 
19i 

8! 
42 

3 
12 
40 

2 

24 

16 

3 


232, 
53 

195 
31; 

556 
58 

219 

17 

.^21 

S40 

46 


R0r'Sr--[ 

velt, 
Itep. 

^41 
1,111 

256 

2,094 

1,340 

3,788 

1,664 

998 

596 

653 

618 

2,807 

688 

447 

860 

4.54 

1,807 

736 

l'928 

252 

1,474 

1,284 

241 


Debs, 
Soi-. 


117 

7 

5 

166 

24 

159 

48 

75 

13 

11 

12 

143 

33 

6 

45 

4 

66 
2 


20 

71 

3 


NORTH  TfAKOT A-^Co7itinued. 


Counties. 


Pembina 

Pierce  

Ramsej' 

Ransom 

Richland 

Rolette 

Sargent 

stark 

Steele 

Stutsman 

Towner 

Tiaill 

Walsh 

Ward 

Wells 

Williams 

Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering  . .. 

Whole  vote. 


GoVKnNOR, 
1906. 


President, 
19U4. 


Burke, 

Sarles, 

Dem. 

Hep. 

1,607 

911 

973 

368 

1,537 

476 

488 

900 

1, 436 

993 

1,020 

369 

515 

713 

282 

492 

579 

218 

1.177 

1.061 

1,192 

404 

1,072 

534 

2  239 

814 

1,947 

1,924 

679 

584 

569 

678 

34.424 

29,309 

5,115 

■■ 

52.90 

45.  56 

64,307 


Vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  IM.  F.  Hegge, 
Dem.,  16.744;  E.  Y.  Searles,  Rep.,  47,828;  H.  H. 
Aaker,  Pro.,  1,388:   A.  Ba.sset,  Soc.  1,760. 

The  scattering  vote  lor  President  in  1900  wa.s: 
Woolley,  Pro.,  731;  Debs,  Soc,  518;  Barker,  110. 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN    CONGRESS,   1906. 

At  L(irf/e.—Joh]\  D.  Benton,  Dem.,  21,050;  A.  G. 
Rnir,  Dem.,  21,350;  Thomas  F.  :NTarsliall.  Rep., 
38  923:  .A.  J.  firouna.  Re]).,  36,772;  Halverson, 
Soc.  ,1,151;  Bailey,  Soc,  ], 129. 

PRKSKN'T    STATl':    GOV  KR  N'MENT. 

Governor,  .lolin  Burke;  Lieutenant-GoverHor, 
R.  S.  Lewis;  Secretary  of  State,  Alfred  Blaisdeil; 
Treasurer,  .A.  Peterson;  Auditor,  H.  L.  Holmt^s; 
Attorney-General,  T.  F.  IMcCne;  Superintendent 
of  Education,  W.  L.  StocUwell;  Adjutaut-(ien- 
eral.  Thomas  Poole;  Comnnssioner  of  Agricul- 
ture. W.  c.  (iilbrath;  Commissioner  of  Insuraiicr>, 
E.  C.  Cooper;  Commissioner  of  Public  Lauds, 
O.  I.  Hegge— all  Republicans. 

.H'DICIARV. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  David  K.Morgan; 
Justices,  Edward  Engeud ;  Clerk,  John  Kuauf 
—all  Republicans. 

STATE    LEGISLATURE,   1907. 

The  Legislature  is  composed  of  121  Republicans 
and  19  Democrats. 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  AND  TERRITORY  SINCE  1884. 


Dem. 

n884.  Congress 3,.S.52 

n886.  Congress 15,540 

n«88.  Congress 15,801 

1889.  Governor 12,733 

1,890.  Governor 12,604 

Fii.o'oii.    Pop. 
1892.  Governor  18,995 

1892.  President    17,700 

Df  111. 

1894.  Governor 8,188 

Dem. 
1896.  President 20.686 

/••((.<!. 

1898.  Governor 19.496 

1900.  Governor 22,275 

1900.  President 20,519 

1902.  Governor 17,566 

1904.  President 14,273 

1906.   Governor 34,420 


Bep. 
28,906 
23,567 
25,290 
25,365 
19,053 

17.2.36 
17,519 


Jiep. 
26,335 


PA. 


M<n. 
25.554  R 
8,027  R 
9,489  R 


4.821 
Pro. 

899 
Pop. 
9,;55't 
Pro. 

358 


12,632 
6,449 


R 
R 


1,729  F 
181  P 
pill. 
14.369  R 
pill. 
5,649 


27,308 
34,052 
35,891 


560 
731 
Soc. 
31,621  1,139 
52,595  2,005 
29 ,359     975 


7,812 
11,777 
15,372 


R 
R 

n 
li. 


4,055  R 
8,322  11 
5,115  D 


*Vote  of  the  nortl)  half  of  DakotaTerritorv,  cor- 
responding to  the  preseut  State  of  North  Dakota- 


732 


Election  Jieturns. 


OHIO. 


Counties. 
(88.) 


Adams 

Alleu 

Ashlaud 

Ashtabula 

Atlieus 

Auglaize 

Belmout 

Browu 

Butler 

Carroll 

Champaign  . . . 

Clark 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Columbiana. . . 

Coshocton 

Crawford 

Cuyahoga 

Darke   

Defiance 

Delaware 

Erie 

Fairtield 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Gallia 

Geauga 

Greene 

Guernsey 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Henry 

Highland 

Hocking 

Holmes 

Huron 

Jackson 

Jerterson 

Kno.Y 

Lake 

Lawrence 

Licking 

Logan 

Lorain 

Lucas 

JMadison 

INlalioning 

Marion 

J\Ie<lina 

Meigs 

Mercer 

Tiliami 

JNfonroe 

Montgomery-.. 

JMorgan 

ISIorrow 

IMnskingum. .. 

Koble 

Ottawa 

Paulding 

Perrj- 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Portage 

Preble 

Putnam  

Richland 

Ross 

Sandusky 

Scioto 

Seneca  

Shelby 

Stark  ......... 

Sumiuil 

TmmbiMi  .   .,, 


bKCKETAKY 

State, 
1906. 


2,767 
4,066 
2,753 
1,325 
2,255 
2,953 
4,117 
3,006 
7,889 
1,070 
2,J28 
3,102 
3,209 
2,058 
3.604 
3,462 
4,114 

32,  556 
4,902 
2.983 
2,878 
3,464 
4,653 
1,856 

15,231 
1,148 
1,550 
511 
1,907 
2,502 

41,097 
3,738 
3,586 
1.235 
2,882 
2,898 
2,397 
2.171 
2,859 
2,760 
1,848 
3,288 
743 
2,217 
5,661 
2,240 
2.258 


Thomp 
son. 

Uep. 

2J86 
3,381 
2,170 
4,642 
4,527 
2,030 
5,709 
1,920 
5,509 
1,8?8 
3  286 
4,810 
3,554 
3,534 
7,046 
3,230 
2.562 

31,546 
4,026 
2,256 
3  054 
4.482 
3,193 
2,409 

17,644 
2,413 
2,912 
1,703 
3,308 
3,851 

48,216 
4,139 
3,588 
2,044 
2,158 
3,217 
2,166 
1,088 
4,087 
3,773 
3,901 
3.591 
2,122 
3,877 
5,530 
3,664 
4,982 


President, 
190-1. 


6.211 ;  11. 910 
1,6 '9    2,221 


3.8ia 
3,913 
1,196 
1.427 
3 .396 
2,699 
2,663 
11.593 
1,392 
1,864 
6.396 
1.920 
3,338 
2,518 
2,79.^ 
2  922 
LH32 
1,944 
2.-558 
3,755 
4,887 
3,847 
3,471 
2.776 
4.176 
2.921 
6.962 
6,106 

1  ilB 


6.035; 

3.9W2; 
2,578 
2,715! 
1.38li 
4. 205 1 
1.584] 
I  6.306i 
2.020 
2,116 
6.410 
2,289 
1 ,570 
2.855 
3.595 
2,365 
1,5(»1 

2.');w 

3.019 
1,896 
4.264 
4,633 
2,927 
3.868 
3,639 
2,030 
9,516 
7,130 


Koosc- 

Swal- 

l-*arl;ei 
Deiii. 

v^lt, 

low, 

Rep. 

I'ro. 

2.796 

3  252 

177 

4  980 

6  091 

223 

2  996 

2  747 

342 

1,647 

8,906 

331 

1594 

6,352 

259 

3  619 

3,049 

107 

4  801 

8,170 

593 

3,590 

2  730 

96 

7  397 

7,048 

170 

1,278 

2,695 

142 

2  336 

4  192 

189 

4,565 

9  355 

346 

3  339 

4.207 

114 

1,826 

3  937 

202 

4,203 

11,571 

932 

3,545 

3  715 

164 

4  493 

3.314 

123 

24.202 

57,367 

802 

5,030 

5  203 

251 

3,216 

3.032 

86 

2  607 

4,163 

237 

3,648 

5,764 

113 

4  632 

4  084 

:63 

1.880 

3,331 

'  91 

15,502 

27,439 

739 

1,448 

3593 

119 

1,742 

3,880 

95 

544 

2  762 

60 

2,004 

5,043 

151 

2,448 

5,427 

518 

24,936 

65. 129 

431 

4,148 

0,766 

243 

3  096 

4,736 

174 

1.578 

3.115 

173 

3  102 

2,707 

78 

3  321 

4  205 

216 

2  304 

2  979 

85 

2,486 

1377 

69 

2  622 

5,613 

110 

2,072 

5,353 

1^0 

2.600 

7,337 

408 

3  036 

4.235 

134 

871 

3,824 

lol 

1.9(;5 

0,587 

105 

6,(rl9 

6.798 

248 

1,939 

4,994 

186 

2,700 

9(01 

155 

8.259 

22.924 

245 

2,103 

3  164 

72 

4,436 

10,404 

377 

3  581 

4,47:. 

177 

1,517 

3,6;!2 

93 

1,70K 

4  304 

i:!l 

3.286 

2  173 

118 

3,646 

6.793 

178 

3,169 

.1  000 

122 

13.933 

22.144 

401 

1,612 

2,572 

166 

1,827 

2.563 

213 

5,511 

7.597 

571 

1.671 

2  700 

178 

2,706 

2  437 

39 

2  505 

3,496 

126 

2.846 

4  883 

170 

3.492 

2,976 

'  179 

2.090 

1,818 

54 

2.486 

4  712 

163 

2  792 

3,647 

182 

4,145 

2.853 

138 

5  407 

5,587 

192 

4  387 

5,472 

98 

3.787 

4  208 

139 

2,420 

5,540 

241 

4,757 

5.291 

155 

3.2->-. 

2,737 

74 

6.919- 

15,695 

626 

4,618 

13.451 

<2r. 

a.ti(i 

T,n«?:l 

UPT 

Debs, 
Soc. 

23 

270 
24 

785 
95 
48 

776 
17 

720 
20 
23 

764 

134 
9 

445 
84 

347 

8,017 

54 

85 

51 

15 

774 

30 

16 

20 

273 

212 

7,158 

239 

224 

24 

9 

30 

19 

23 

120 

84 

238 

123 

183 

106 

228 

74 

925 

2.455 

12 

2,072 

59 

94 

131 

18 

228 

15 

1,168 

15 

32 

226 

24 

11 

164 
12 
14 

155 
20 
84 

232 
54 

200 

613 

170 
16 

668 
l,l«(? 


OKIO— Continued. 


Counties, 


Tuscarawas. 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Vinton 

Warren 

Washington  . 

Wayne 

Williams 

Wood 

Wyandot 


Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


&eckktary  of 
1      State, 

1906. 


President, 
1904. 


Has- 

kins. 
Dem. 

4^r6 
2,276 
3,328 
1,295 
1,861 
4,535 
4,399 
2,251 
4,359 
2.258 

351676 

43.29 


Thomp 

SOD. 

Kep. 

5,152 

2,858 
3,321 
1,380 
3.070 
4,780l 
3,6101 
3,121] 
4,534| 
1,763! 


farker 
Dem. 

17979 
1,924 
3,325 
1,286 
2,012 
4,436 
4.165 
2.565 
3,630 
2,697 


32,613 
812,263 


408066  344674 
56,390 
50.48   33.60 


Uoose- 

Velt, 

Kep. 

7,20'3 
3,646 
4,120 
1.994 
4,381 
6,522 
4,748 
3  827 
7,025 
2  603 


Swal- 
low, 
_Pro. 

~150 

132 

1U5 

48 

94 

270 

345 

137 

605 

7':! 


Debs, 

SOCr 

"~489^ 

4 

52 

8 

3» 
75 
73 
65 
141 
42 


600095  19, 339  36. 260f 
2554211      ..     I     .. 

59.  56 1  1.  89,  3.  54 
4,025 

1,004,393 


For  Secretary  of  State,  1,906;  Hensler,  Soc, re- 
ceived 18,432  votes,  Hughes,  Pro.,  11,970;  Eisen- 
berg,  .Soc.  L.. 2.211. 

For  Governor  in  1905,  Pattison,  Dem.,  received 
473,264  votes;  Herrick,Kpp.,430,617  ;  Coweu,  Soc, 
17,795:  Watkins,  Pro.  ,13,061 ;  Sleiger,Soc.Lab.,l,808. 

For  President  in  1904,  Corrigan.  Soc.  Lab.,  re- 
ceived 2,633  votes;  Watson,  Pop  ,  1,392;  there  were 
scattering  and  void  ballots  not  counted,  21,236. 

The  vote  lor  Governor  in  1903  was:  .Tohnson, 
Dem., 361,748;  Herrick,  Eep.,  475,560;  Cowen,  Soc. 
13,495;  Creamer,  Pro.,  13,502;  Gorke,  Soc.  Lab., 
2, 07L 

VOTK  FOK  REPKESENTATIVBS  IN  COXGBE.SS,  1906. 
Districts. 

I.  County  of  Hamilton  (part).  Thomas  H.  Baii- 

tham,lJeni.. 18.004;  Nicliolas  Lo;igworth.Rep., 
25,161:  .A.  S.  Matler.Soc.  979;  G.  S.  Hawke, 
Pro..  104. 

II.  Couniv  of  Hamilton  Cpart).^^  John  H.  Meyer, 

Dem.,  21,258;  IfHrniaii  P.  Cioebel,Rep.,23.219; 

N. Klein,  Soc, 1,437;   S.  A.  Sherman, Pro. ,101; 

H.Pv.  I'eobaser.lnd.,  2,259. 
in   Counties  of  Butler,  Montgomery,  and  Preble. 

.lames  p:.  Campbell.  Dem.,  22,837  ;  .T.  I'Jugene 

Harding.  Rep.,  24,567:  D. P. Fa rr ell, Soc,  1,896; 

Martin  Sliively,  Pro.,  383. 
rV.  Counties  of  Allen,  Auglaize,  Darke,  riferner, 

and  Shelbv.     Wm.   F,.'iouvelIe,  Dem..  17.582; 

J.  C.  Rosser.Rep.,  12.934;  K.  W.  Cowles,Soc, 

290 ;  J.  C.  Kobe  r i  s.  Pro. ,  405.     \ 

V.  Counties  of  Defiance,    Henry,  Paulding,  Put- 

nam, Van  Wert,  and  Williams.  Timothy 
T.  Ansberrv,  Dem.,  17,256,  Wm.  W.  Camp- 
bell. Rep.,  16,241;  A.  Donaldson,  Soc,  213; 
J.  IF  Edwards.  Pro.,  325. 

VI.  Countiesof  Brown,  Clermont. CHnton, Greene, 

Highland,  and  Warren.  INlait  R.  Denver, 
Dem., 17,471;  Cliarl' s  Q.  Hildebrandt,  Pep., 
16,291;  J.  H.  Sim.s,Soc.  ,310;  E.  G.  Mes.sham, 
Pro.,  445. 
VJL  Countiesof  Clark,  Fayette,  Madison, ]\riami, 
and  Pickawav.  Wm.  B.  Rogers, Dem., 12,387; 
.I.Warren  Keifer.  Rpp.,  15,975:  .1.  F.  Brad- 
berg,  Soc,  663;  Wm.  H.  Leisli,Pr<)..648. 

VIII.  Counties  of  Champaign,   Delaware.  Han- 
cock,   Hardin,  Logan,  and     Union.     Homer 

.  Southard,  Dem..  16.396;    Ralph  D.  Cole,  Rep., 
•     21.524;  Wm.  A.Linard,Soc.,595;  J.  W.  Pegg, 
Pro.,  664. 

IX.  Countiesof  Fulton.  Lucas, Ottawa, and  Wood. 

I.  R.  Sherwood.  Dem.,  18,411:  ¥..  G.  McClel- 
land, Rep.,  18,370;  W.  C.  Guntrup,  Soc,  1350; 
E.  H.  Barton.  Pro..  394. 
Xj  Comities  of  Adams,  Gallia,  Jackson, Lawrence, 
Pike,  and  Scioto.  Thos.  H.  B.  Jones,  Dem., 
14,-686i  Henry  Baabon,  Bep,,  17,978:   Albert 


JElection  Returns. 


7:?3 


OHIO— Co9i<mH«L 


XI.  Countiesof  Athens, Fairfield, Hocking,Meiss, 

Perrv,  Ross,aurl  Vinton.  O.  >.'.  II.  Wright, 
Deni. ,1.9,914;  Albert  Douglas,  Hep.,  21,247;  J. 
A.  Siernan,  Soc.,411;  A.  C.  Purvis,  Pro.,  602. 

XII.  Conntv  of  Franklin.  Wm.  A.  Taylor,  Dem., 
13  351 ; "  Kd  ward  L.  Tayl or ,  Jr. ,  Rep. .  19,629 ; 
O.  Aniesiuger,  Soc,  913;  F.  M.  Mecartuey, 
Pro.,  452. 

XIII.  Counties  of  Crawford,  Erie,  Marion,  San- 
dusky,Seneca,  and  Wyandot.  D.  R.  Crissin- 
ger,  Dein. ,  20,463;  Grant  PI  Monser,  Rep., 
20,736;  IM.  H.Uerroco,  Soc,  605;  H.  L,.  Peeke, 
Pro  ,  362. 

XIV.  Counties  of  Ashland,  Huron,  Knox,  Lorain, 
Morrow,  and  Richland.  Wni.  H.  Budd, 
Dem.,  18,443;  J.  Ford  Lanning,  Rep.,  20,962; 
F.  C.  Ross,  Soc,  614;  Ralph  Davey,  Pro.,  506. 

XV.  Counties  of  Guernsey,  Morgan,  Muskingum, 
Noble,  and  Washington.  George  White. 
Deni.,  16,945;  Beman  (4.  Dawes,  Ren. ,  1»,364; 
F.  B.  Martin,  Soc,  588;  L.  E.  Kuth.  Pro., 
1,133. 

XVI.  Counties  of  Belmont,  Cai-roll,  Harrison, 
.Tetterson,  and  IMonroe.  Frank  A.  Summers, 
Dem.,  11,347;  Capell  L.  Weems,  Rep.  14,712; 
Lewis  Hays,  Soc.  537;  H.  A.  Rodefer,  Pro.. 

687. 

XVII.  Counties  of  Coshocton,  Holmes,  LickiuEr, 
Tuscarawas,  and  Wayne.  Wm.  A .  Ashbronk, 
Dem.,  19,982;  M.  L.  Smvser,  Rep.,  19,487; 
Harris  Whitcomb,  Soc,  600;  Wm.  B.  Kiue-. 
Pro.,  484. 

XVIII.  Counties  of  Columbiana.  Mahoning,  and 
Stark,  .fohn  T.  Welty,  Dem.,  17,840;  James 
Kennedy,  Rep..  19,684;  .John  Evans,  Soc, 
932;  Leslie  Hawk,  Pro. ,  1,299. 

XIX.  Counties  of  Ashtabula,  Geauga,  Portage, 
Summit,  and  Trumbull.  Thad.  K.  Hovt, 
Dem.,  10,926;  Wm.  Aubrey  Thomas,  Rep., 
20,341;  Everett  St.  John,  Soc,  1.217;  J.  H. 
Farrell,  Pro.  ,697. 

XX.  Counties  of  Lake.  Medina,  and  Cuvahoga 
(part).  Charles  W.  Lapp,  Dem.,  16,966;  Paul 
Howlaiid,  Rep..  19,439;  J.  (■!.  Willert,  Soc. 
823;  A.  A.  Bostwick,  Pro., 267. 

XXI.  County  of  Cuyahoga  (part).  Theodore  E. 
Burton,  Rep..  20,826;  Robert  Bandlow,  Soc. 
1,376;  J.  W.  Maloue,  Pro.,  220. 

PBESKNT  STATK  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  Andrew  L.  Harris;  Secretarv  of 
Stale,  Corwin  A.  Thompson;  Treasurer,  W.  S. 
]\[cKinnon;  Auditor,  W.  D.  Guilbert;  Commis- 
sioner of  Education,  Edmoud  A.  Jones;  Altor- 
iipy-General,  ^Vacie  H.  Ellis;  Adjutant-General, 
A.  B.  Critchfield  ;  Commissioner  of  Insurance,  S. 
J.  Vorys— all  Republicans. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  John  A.  Shauck; 
Associate  Justices,  A.  N.  summers.  W.  B.  Crew, 
J.  L.  Price,  William  Z.  Davis,  William  T.  Spear; 
Clerk,  Lawsou  E.  Emeruou— all  Republicans, 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,  1907, 

Senate.  Hovae.  Joint  Ballot, 

Republicans 18  62  80 

Democrats 18  67  75 

Independent. 12  3 

Jlepublician  majority.       . .  .s  a 


O IIIO — Continued. 


VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1876. 


1876. 
1880. 

1884. 
1888. 

1892. 
1895. 

1896. 
1896. 

1897. 
1898. 

1899. 

i9oa 

1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
19'-)4. 
1905. 
1906. 


Dem.  Rep. 

Pres 323,182  330,698 

Pros 340,821  375,048 

Pres 368,286  400.082 

Pres 396,456  416,054 

Pres 404,115  405,187 

Gov 334,519  427,141 

Sec.  of  S.  473,471  525,020 

Pres 477,494  525,991 

Gov 401,750  429.915 

Sec,  ofS.347,074  408,213 

Gov 368,176  417,199 

Pres 474,882  543,918 

G  o V 868 ,525  436 .092 

Sec  of  S  345,706  436  171 

Gov 361,748  475,560 

Pres 344,674  600,095 

Gov 47.3,264  430,617 

Sec.  of  S.351,676  408,066 


Or. 

6;456 
5,170 

Poih 
14,850 
52,675 
J\\  D. 

1,857 
1,661 

'in  a. 

106,721 

So'r. 

7,359 
14,270 
13.495 
36,260 
17,795 
18.432 


Pro. 

l,'43e 

2,616 

11,269 

24,356 

26,012 
21,264 

5,469 
5,068 
7, .5.58 
7.689 

5,825 
10,2U3 

9,878 
12,336 
13,592 
19,3;i9 
13,(161 
11,970 


Pill. 

7,516  n 

34,227  R 
31,802  R 
19,599  ii 

1,072  R 
92,622  R 

51,.'>49R 
48  497  R 
28.165  R 
61,139  R 

49,023  R 
69,036  R 

67,567  R 
90,465  R 
113,812  R 
255,421  R 
42,647  D 
56,390  H 


OKLAHOMA. 


Counties. 


Beaver 

Blaine 

Caddo 

Canadian 

Cleveland 

Comanche 

Custer* 

Day 

Dewey 

Garfield 

Grant 

(^reer. 

Kay 

Kingfislier 

Kiowa 

Lincoln  

Logan 

Noble 

Oklahoma 

Osage  Nation, 

Pawnee 

Payne 

Pottawatomie 
Roger  MilLs.  . . 

Washita 

Woods 

Woodward .  . . 

Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

.Scattering. 

Whole  vote. 


ConstitutkiNal 
Convention, 
190ti 


Dem. 

TTeis 

1,291 
2,  524 
1,  839 
1.308 
3,054 
1,311 
675 
880 
2,396 
1,868 
2,134 
2.524 
1,676 
1,665 
2,533 
1,597 
1,274 
4,4.33 
3,061 
1.572 
1,710 
2.919 
962 
1.121 
3.715 
2.004 


Rep. 

1^211 
1.177 

2.043 

1,233 

141 

1.770 

910 

568 

794 

1.969 

1,317 

433 

2,004 

1.612 

1,168 

2.354 

2,427 

996 

3.278 

2.741 

1.261 

1,594 

1,756 

440 

752 

2,945 

1,866 


Soc. 

~1a)4 

139 

70 

79 

1 

63 
183 

300 

114 

56 

'84 

52 

34 

202 

39 

46 

16S 

74 

256 

200 

189 

553 

466 

392 


I-IKI.KGAIK   TO  CON- 
GIKSS, 

1904. 


JTat- 

thews. 
l>em. 

~^51 
1.091 
2.375 
1,743 
1.51 
3,165 
1,462 
81 
1,061 
1,964 
1,554 
3,604 
2,404 
1.52 
1.883 
2  318 
1,7.38 
1,271 


1.438 
1,812 
3.230 
1,350 
1,494 
2.588 
1,884 


Mc- 

(iirire, 
Uep. 

1.011 
1.642 
2,751 
1,741 
1,143 
2,311 
1.540 
678 
1.143 
2.764 
1.906 
1,'301 
2.732 
1,794 
1  483 
3.243 
3,268 
1.328 
3,448; 

1.583 

2,081' 
2, 183 
816 
966 
4.070 
2,528 


53.664  40,760; 

12,9041     . . 

53.581  40.70 

1,719 

100.245 


,040149.868  51,4.54 
..  1,5?6 
6.12    47.14 


Lou- 

der- 
mi!k, 
Soc. 

~Tl3 

150 
157 

82 
238 
120 

75 
160 
277 
226 

88 

69 

97 
149 

83 
194 
130 

65 
245 

227 
217 
175 
154 
146 
516 
290 

4,443 

4.79 


109.145 


Election  lor  State  officers  to  be  held  June,  1907. 

PRESENT  STATE   GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  C.  N.  Haskell ;  Lieut.  (Jovernor, George 
Bellamy;  Secretary  of  Stale,  Bill  Cross;  Treas- 
urer, J.  A.  Menefee;  Auditor,  M.  E.  Trapp;  At- 
torney-General, Clias.  West;  Adjutant-General, 
;  Commissioner  of  Insur- 
ance, T  J,  McComb— All  Democrats. 

^  JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  J.  H.  Burford; 
Associate  Justices,  C.  F.  Irwin,  B.  F.  Burwell, 
B.  T.  Hainer,  F.  E.  Gillette,  J.  L.  Pancoast,  and 
Milton  C.  Garber;  Clerk  of  the  Court,  B.  F. 
Hegler— all  Republican.''. 

First  Session  of  State  Legislature  bpjjinningT>e- 
cember2,  1907.  Political  Division  not  asceriaiii- 
able  when  Almanac  went  to  press. 


734 


Election  JReturns. 


OREGON. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


liOVER.NOR, 

TKliSIDliNT, 

1906. 

li'OO. 

COUNTIKS. 

Cham-Withy- 

Amos 
Pro. 

Bar- 

Pirl;er:^'^°<"*^' 

(33.) 

berl'n. 

combe 

zee, 

Dem.     r"' 

Dem. 

Uep. 

Soc. 

Ut-p. 

9:^i  1,990 
442'  1,107 

Baker 

2,135 
869 

1,443 
1.166 

42 
67 

277 
33 

Benton 

Clakanias.  . . . 

2,396 

1,954 

95 

227 

684 

2,783 

•Clatsop 

Columbia . 

1.324 
7()9 

1.098 
854 

40 
65 

125 
115 

336 
221 

1,408 
1,301 

Coos 

1,037 

848 
206 

1.195 
639 

218 

127 

46 

6 

848 
87 
23 

49(1 

266 

87 

1  712 

Crook 

763 

Cnrrv 

322 

Uous'las 

1,937 

1,775 

44 

209 

908 

2,443 

(rilliani 

506 

424 

22 

22 

195 

568 

(Jrant 

826 
417 

623 
:^4 

34 
9 

51 
43 

316 

190 

1,007 

Harnev   .... 

395 

.Tackson 

1,601 

1,744 

105 

210 

798 

1,992 

Josephine 

Klamath 

777 
555 

906 
579 

48 
14 

179 

49 

327 

208 

914 
552 

Lake 

352 

2,417 

432 

328 

2,196 

539 

10 

149 

13 

15 
239 

74 

115 

1,166 

179 

894 

Lane 

3,501 

Liincolu 

581 

Linn 

2,383 

1,866 

140 

214 

1,206 

2,346 

Malheur 

678 

706 

43 

53 

280 

799 

Marion 

2,903 

2.763 

210 

142 

1,034 

4,106 

Morrow 

532 

529 

44 

88 

230 

875 

Multnomah... 

9,214 

9, 013 

417 

650 

2,324  1.3,  692 

Eolk 

1,297 

1,193 

81 

116 

521 

1,380 

369 

416 

91 

29 

163 

701 

Tillamook 

459 

475 

40 

88 

136 

729 

Umatilla 

1,763 

1,834 

122 

164 

840 

2,642 

Union 

1,552 
676 

1,298 
639 

63 
36 

178 
76 

775 
255 

1,884 

Wallowa 

714 

Wasoo 

1,460 

1,421 

162 

161 

536 

2,092 

Washm^ton  . . 

1,444 

1,475 

118 

44 

492 

2,298 

Wheeler 

333 

364 

24 

20 

Ibl 

462 

Yamhill 

1,596 
46,002 

1,481 

210 

119 

6o2 

2,004 

Total 

43,508 

2,737 

4,468 

17,521  60,455 

Pliiralitj' 

2,494 

..      42.934 

Percent 

47.56 

44.98 

2.74 

4.72 

19.42    67.05 

Scattering 

16,178 

Whole  vote. 

96 

,715 

90,154 

For  President,  1904,  Swallow,  Pro.,  7,806;  Debs,  Soc,  7,619* 

VOTK   FOR    KKPRKSEXTATIVKS   IN    COXGr.KSS,    1906. 

I.  Chas.  \y.  Oalloivay,   Dem.,  19,^40;  "Willis  C.  Howley,  Kep., 

23,1':0;  E.  F.  r,veen,  I'ro.,  1,801;  W.  AV-Mnvers  Soc,  2,794. 

II.  J.  llarvev  (iraham,  Dem.,  12,151;  AV.  11.  Ellis, Kep.,  -8,315; 

H.  W.  S'tone,  Pro.,  v,40o;    A.  M.  Paul,  8,532. 

PEESEKT  STATE   GOVBRXMENT. 

Govern'^T.  n.  R.  Chamberlain,  Dem.;  Secretary  of  State  and 
Aulitor,  F.  AV.  Benson,  Uep.;  State  Treasurer,  Geo.  A.  Steele, 
Re|>.;  Superinti-n.ient  of  Public  Insitruction, -f.  H.  Ackerman, 
Rep.;  Adjutant-General,  AVm.  E.  Finzer,  Dem.j  Attorney- 
Gen  ral,  A.  M.  Crawford,  Kep. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Cliief  .Tustice,  Robert  S.  Bean;  Justices, 
Fraik  A.Moore  and  K 'belt  Kakin;  Clerk,  T.  C.  Morelaud, 
— a  1  Republicans. 

STATE   LEGISLATURE,    1907. 

Senate.     House.  Joint  Ballot. 

Republcans 24  59  83 

1 






_ 

Republican 

majority 

18 

68 

76 

VOTE 

OF  TUE 

STATE   SKCE    1872. 

Bern. 

Hep. 

Lab. 

P?o. 

I>lu. 

1S7?. 

Pr  8. 

7,75'. 

II.SIS 



4,065 

i; 

1876. 

Pres. 

14,1.58 

15,208 

.... 

1,050 

u 

1 880. 

Pres. 

19.948 

20.61 ;» 

249 



671 

It 

1884. 

Pres. 

24,604 

26,860 

726 

492 

2,256 

K 

1888. 

Pr.s. 

26,522 

33,v91 

363 

1,677 

6,769 

K 

Pop. 

Fusion 

1892. 

Pres. 

14,243 

r!5,002 

26,965 

2,281 

:i5.813 

811 

F 

189  •■. 

Pr.s. 

4S,7-9 

46,662 

2.117 

U 

1900. 

Pres. 

.... 

46,526 

.... 

2,536 

3;,3!?5 

13,141 

U 

19o2. 

G.v. 

41,857 

41,5S1 

Soc. 

3,483 
J'ro. 

3,771 

S      276 

D 

lat^. 

Pre^. 

17,621 

60,«6 

7,619 

3,806 

42.9.54 

R 

190b. 

Got. 

46,002 

43,508 

4,46S 

2,737 

2,494  dI 

Counties. 
(67.) 


Adams 

Allegheny 

Armstrong 

BeaA^er 

Bedford 

Berks 

Blair 

Bradford 

Bucks 

Butler 

Cambria •. .. 

Cameron 

Carbon  

Centre 

Chester 

Clarion 

Clearfield 

Clinton 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Cumberland  . . 

Dauphin 

Delaware 

Elk 

Erie 

Faj-ette 

Forest 

Franklin 

Fulton 

lireeue 

Huntingdon  .. 

Indiana 

.Jefferson 

.Juniata 

Lackawanna  . 

Lanca.ster 

Lawrence 

Lebanon  

Lehigh 

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

McKeau 

Mei'cer 

MilHiu 

ilonroe 

Montgomery. . 

Montour 

>.orthampton 
N'thumberl'd 

Perry 

Philadelphia.. 

Pike 

Potter 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

Somerset 

Sullivan 

Susquehanna . 

Tioga 

L^nion 

Venango 

W'arren 

Washington  . . 

Wayne 

Westmorel'd.. 

AV'yomiug 

York 


Governor, 
1905. 


TaisiDEsn, 

1904. 


Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

Whole  vote 


Emery 
I>eiii. 

~3j3i 
22,303 
2,463 
2,520 
2,278 
12,603 
3.620 
3,568 
6,10 
2,53 
5,369 

445 
3,366 
3,421 
4,231 
2,175 
4,135 
2,41: 
4,144 
2.963 
4  869 
7,221 
2,807 
3,348 
2,750 
4,832 

369 
4,431 
1,017 
2,693 
2,211 
1,168 
1,786 

82 
15,540 
4,478 

957 
2,486 
8,928 
15,690 
5,501 
1,278 
3,77 
1,125 
2,039 
9,866 
1.190 
8,853 
6,031 
2,019 
26,922 

645 

1,759 

10,102 

729 
1,473 

966 
2,300 
2,377 

969 
1.670 
1,303 
4.206 
1,780 
7,236 
1,209 
12,217 


301747 
45.'50 


Stuart 
Kep. 

2  663 

56.572 
4,893 
3,835 
3,507 
7,674 
6,376 
4  345 
7,130 
3,813 
8,095 
821 
2,873 
3,564 
8,021 
1,722 
4,911 
2,522 
2,796 
5,433 
4,605 

10.621 
9,068 
2,563 
6,292 
8,028 
1,031 
4,400 
68.! 
2,108 
2,769 
3,783 
3,58.5 
1,193 

11.545 

18,731 
2,979 
4,575 
8,010 

14.047 
5,004 
2  292 
4,496 
1,526 
721 

12,851 

897 

6,976 

6,849 

2163 

125780 

445 

1,938 

11,540 
1,4C4 
3.9:34 
8121 
3,189| 
4,6611 
1.776| 
3,631; 
3,398 
8,826 
2,001 

10,895 
1,545 

11,050 


Cas- 
tle, 
Pro._ 

89 
2,089 
276 
295 
101 
184 
489 
431 
127 
375 

595 

oo 

107 
209 
269 
310 
620 
105 
242 
751 
241 
463 
217 
171 
942 
1.450 
131 
176 

26 

84 
155 
341 
318 

25 
295 
306 
360 
234 
194 
541 
718 
459 
863 
245 

68 
214 

55 
352 
318 

56 

651 

9 

252 

i;5 

26 

432 

129 

392 

159 

52 

1,838 

440 

602 

214 

1,197 

79 

442 


viiaur- 

er 
Soc. 


12 

1,977 

57 

267 

93 

1,458 

88 

115 

68 

32 

141 

1 

507 

9 

80 

14 

250 

64 

41 

155 

59 

205 

95 

15 

491 

276 

6 

14 

5 

10 

32 

72 

24 

2 

84 

193 

607 

82 

447 

854 

236 

186 

180 

30 

3 

297 

1 

150 

396 

6 


Parker 
Dem. 

^^ 
21,420 
2,260 
2,333 
3,040 
16.325 
3,662 

2  858 
6,706 
?,18,3 
7,223 

404 
2,994 
4,015 
4,330 
2,463 
4,280 
1,941 
4,194 
3,639 
5,033 
5,026 
3,562 
2.854 
5,103 
6,779 

410 
4,110 
1  136 

3  197 
1,318 
1,544 
2,076 
1,201 

10, 066 
7,047 
1,888; 
2,446 

10,134 

13,.!97 
6,414 
1,625 
3,839 
1,374 
2,587 

10.401 
1,3.52 
9,902 
5,921 
2,094 


2,529i46,875 

939 

1,074 

10.108 

P71 


o 

89 

81S 

8 

62 

9 

33 

15 

o 

.J 

272 
69 

232 
40 

405 
4 


1,681 
1,185 

2.562 
1,536 
1,031 
1,740 
1,215 
4,866 
2,093i 
7,991, 
1,-')75| 


185  12,973 


93 


50178224, 
48.435|     .. 
49. 851    2.  91 
1,006.445 


-I- 


Koose- 
76  It, 
Kep. 

^017 

90,694 
5,798 
7,122 
5,364 

15, 539 

12, 482 
8,303 
9,572 
6,596 

13,109 
1,228 
4,505 
5,291 

14,200 
2,978 
9,541 
3,536 
3,635 
7,450 
7,138 

16. 508 

15, 032 
3,820 

11,951 

11,486 
1,328 
7,062 
1,100 
2,442 
4,587 
6,878 
6,860 
1,985 

19.923 

26, 083 
7.634 
6,938 

11,826 

27.809 
8,928 
5,719 
8,574 
3,054 
1,446 

18.f^33 
1,518 

11.039 

11.219 
3,433 

227709 

592 

3,976 

1 .  046 
2,538 
6.772 
1,429 
4  9!<8 
7.410 
2,548 
5,893 
4,737 

11,530 
3,386 

17.2;i9 
2,308 

14,837 


15, 169 
i.'54 


335430  «4('949 

. .      505519 

27.12'  67.91 


For  Coveriiur  1906,  Kinerv  rece-ived  A'otes:  Coni- 
mouwealth  partv,  6,094;  Lincoln  partv,  145,657; 
Referendum  partv, 784;  Union  Labor  partv,  3,675; 
Stuart  received  4,610  votes  of  tlie  Citizens'  party. 

For  State  Treasurer,  1907.  onl.v  office  vot^d  for, 
TTarman.  Dem.,  received  312.737  vote«;  Sht^af?, 
Rep.  459.965;  Steve ason,  Pro.,  29.830;  Clark. 
Soc.  ,14,34B. 


Section  Iletarns. 


7^5 


PENNSYLVANIA— C07ittnMcd. 


PENNSYLVANIA— row//»?(r(L 


VOTKFOR   REPRESEXTATIVES    IN  COXGRESS,  1906- 

Dialriclx. 

I.  Countvof  Philadelpliia  (part).  Joseph  L.Galon, 
Deiii.  ,3,6iS;  Ileurv]!.  Kiiiijhani,  Rep.,  19,559; 
E.  S.  Miller,  Lin.  P.  ,  6  311;  E.  J.  lliggius, 
Soc. ,  290. 

ir.  Countyof  PliiladelphiaCpart).  G.  Frank  Stev- 
ens, Deni.,  4,262;  Jolin  K.  Reyburu,  Hep., 
28,071;  E.  .1.  L.nvis,  Soc,  357. 

III.  County    of    Phihulelphia    (part).      Wm.    J. 

O'Brien.  Deni,  11,182;  J.  Hampton  Moore, 
Rep.  ,20,337;  CharittsSehl,  Soc,  407. 

IV.  County  of    Philadelphia    (i-.arL).    Horace  S. 

Foijel,  Dem.,  3,993;    Reuben  O.  Moou,  Rep., 
26,215;  H.  L.  Kurunel,  Soc  ,  414. 

V.  County  of    Philadelphia   (part).    Thomas    P. 

Dolan,  Dem.,  3,987;  \V.  W.  Foulkrod,  Rep., 
29,390;  R.  E.  Nicholson,  Soc. ,  730. 
Vr.  County  of    Philadelphia  (part).   Francos  X. 
Ward,  Dem. ,  6,425;  George    D.  McCreary, 
Rep.,  38,269;  H.  W.  Potter,  Soc,  518. 

VII.  Counties  of  Chester  and  Delaware.  John  J. 
Bncklev,  Dem.,  8,249;  Thos.  S.  Butler,  Rep., 
32,109;  Walter  N.Lodge,  Soc,  203. 

VIII.  Counties  of  Bucks  and  Montgomery.  Wal- 
ter F.  I,eedom,  Dem.,  18,231;  Irving  P.  Wan- 
ger.  Rep.,  22,416;  Hugh  Ayres,  Soc.  ,386. 

IX.  Countv of  Lancaster.    H.  Burd  Cassel,   Rep., 

18,903;  Harold  Winkersham,  Lin.  P.,  9,007. 

X.  Conntj'^o'  Lackawanna.    T.  D.  Nichols,  Dem., 

18,037 ;  Thomas  H.   Dale,  Rep.,  11,796;   C.  J. 
R'^chsteiner,  Soc.  ,77. 

XI.  County  of  Luzerne.    JohnT.  Lenahan,  Dem., 

16,176;  Thomas  Kerr,  Pro.,  985;  W.  H.  Dettry, 
Soc,  5.197;  B.  J.  Cabbleigh,  R.  S.  D. ,  9,627. 

XII.  County  of  Schuylkill.  Watson  F.  Sheperd, 
Dem.,  10,247;  Charles  N.  Brumm,  Rep.,  15,- 
652;  C.  F.  Foley,  Soc, 857.  Erumm  elected 
to  fill  vacancy. 

XIII.  Counties  of  Berks  and  Lehigh.  ,Tohn  H. 
Rothermel,  Dem.,  21,885;  J.  W.  Fisher,  Rep., 
16,488;  M.  E.  Gibson.  Soc,  2,044. 

XIV.  Countiesof  Bradford,  Susquehanna,  Wayne, 
and  Wj'oming.  George  W.  Kinp,  Dem., 
12^)91;  Mial  E.  Lilly,  Rep.,  11,288;  G.  P. 
Little,  Soc,  1,184. 

XV.  Counties  of  Tioga,  Potter,  Lvcoming,  and 
Clinton.  Wm.  B.  Wilson,  Dem.,  14,582; 
Elias  Deenier,  Rep.,  14,201;  F.  C.  Hellniau, 
Pro. ,  1,136;  F.  H.  Sharar.  Soc,  317. 

XVI.  Countiesof  Northumberland,  Montour,  Co- 
lumbia, and  Sullivan.  Jolin  G.  INlcHeniv, 
Dem.,  14,707;  E.  W.  Samuel,  Rep.,  13,041; 
Patrick  >Mnith,  Soc. ,  522. 

XVII.  Counties  of  Perry,  .luniata,  Mifflin,  Hunt- 
ingdon, Ftdton,  Franklin, Snyder,  ami  Union. 
William  Alexander,  Dem.  ,14,036;  "Beiij.  K. 
Facht,  Rep.,  17,130;  E.  M.  Hummel,  Lin.  P., 
1,'^23. 

XVIli. -Counties  of  Dauphin,  Cumberland,  and 
Lebanon.  John  Lindner,  Dem.,  14,4.")7;  Mar- 
liu  E.  Olmsted,  Rep.,  22,447;  J.  W.  Elleu- 
berger.  Pro.,  865;  H.  J.  Ralie,  Soc  ,351. 

XIX.  Counties  of  Blair,  Cambria,  and  Bedford. 
Joseph  E.  Thropp,  Dem. ,  13,649;  .TolnrM. 
Reynolds,  Rep,  17,521;  W.W.  Balley,2,14Q; 
J.  W.  Blake,  1,35L 

XX.  Counties  of  Adams  and  York.  Horace 
Keesey,  Dem.,  15,204;  Daniel  F.  Lafean, 
Rep.,  15,653. 

XXI.  Counties  of  Cameron,  Centrf-,  Clearfield, 
and  McKean.  Hugh  S.  Tav'or,  Dem., 
10,572;  Charles  F.  Barclay,  Rep. ,  15fei0 ;  J.  D. 
Blair,  Soc.  ,  669. 

XXII.  Counties  of  Westmoreland  and  Butler. 
Silas  A.  Kline,  Dem.,  10,460;  George  F,  Huff", 
Rep., 15,924;  DanielStuU,  Soc, 523. 

XXIII.  Counties  of  Favette,  Greene,  and  Somer- 
set Ernest  O.  Kooser,  Dem.,  10,309;  Allen 
F.  Cooner.  Rep.,  15,008;  John  O.  Souer,  Pro., 
1,789 J  W,  Herd,  Soc.,3ia 


XXIV.  Countiesof  Beaver,  Lawrence,  and  Wash- 
ington. Robert  K.  Aikeu,  Dem.,  14,163; 
Ernest  F.  Aclieson,  Rep.,  15,490;  Ti.  Van 
Ordeu,Pro.,  837;  J.  W.  Slay  ton,  Soc,  1,004. 

XXV.  Counties  of  Erie  and  Crawfoi-d.  Andrew 
J.  Palm,  Dem.,  8,009:  ArthurL.  Bates,  Rei)., 
13,562;  J.  Wanhope,  Soc,  700. 

XXVI.  Counties  of  Carbon,  Monroe,  Pike,  and 
Northampton.  J.  Davis  Brodhead,  Df'ni.,15,- 
871;  G.  A.  Schneebell,  Rep.,  12,427;  John 
Wilhelm,  Pro.,  496. 

XXVI  I.  Counties  of  A  rmstrong,  Indiana,  Clarion, 
and  Jefferson.  S.  C.  Mepler,  Dem.,  9,101; 
Joseph  G.  Beale,  Rep.,  14,646;  Enoch  M'.-- 
Gary,  Pro.,  1,392. 

XXVIII.  Counties  of  Mercer,  Warren,  Forest, 
Venango,  and  Elk.  Earl  H.  Beshlin,  Dem., 
10,433;  Nelson  P.  Wheeler,  Rep.,  16,550;  H. 
E.  Home,  Pro.,  3,712;  E.  Haydeu,  Soc, 683. 

XXIX.  County  of  Allegheny  (part).  Wm.  H. 
Graham,  Rep.,  17,608;  J.  S.  Hastings,  Pro., 
890;  G.  T.  McConnel,Soc,700. 

XXX.  Countv  of  Allegheny  (part).  Robt.  J. 
Black,  Dem.,  6,452  ;  John  Dalzell,  Ren., 13,- 
984;  W.  Douglass,  Pro.,  554;  W.  J.  W^right, 
Soc  497. 

XXXf.  County  of  Allegheny  (part).  Frank 
Lackner,  Dem.,  5,740;  James  Francis  Burke, 
Rep.,  13,364;  W.  A.  Stewart,  Pro.,  333;  D.  S. 
Connors,  Soc,  356. 

XXX 11.  County  of  Allegheny  (part).  M.  C. 
O' Donovan,  Dem.,  4,811;  A.  J.  Barchfleld, 
Rep.,  15,228;  T.  P.Hershberger,Pro.,678;  J. 
H.  Haney,Soc.,606. 

PRESENT   STATE   GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  E.  S.  Stuart ;  Lieutenant-Governor,  R.  S. 
Murphy  ;  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth,  Knbert  K. 
McAfi-e  ;  Treasurer,  .T.  O.  Slie.itz  ;  Auditor-General,  K.  K. 
Young;  Adjutant-Oeni-ral,  Thos.  .T.  Stewart;  Attorni-y-Gen- 
er^l,  M.  Hampton  Toild  ;  S'lperintendtnt  ot  Public  Instruc- 
tion, \.  C.  Sciiaefffr  ;  Insurauc-  C<.mniissioner,  David  Martin; 
Secretary  of  .\gricnlture,  N.  B.  Critchfield — all  liepublicans, 
except  SchaeflEer,  Dem. 

JUBICTARV. 

Supreme  Court :  Chief  Justice,  James  T.  Mitchell;  Associate 
Justices,  J.  Hay  Brown,  Wm.  P.  Potter,  John  Stewart,  D. 
Newlin  Fell,  S,  L.  Mestrezat,  and  Johu  P.  Elkin. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate     Hou^e.    Joint  Ballot. 


Republicans 40 

Democrats  10 

Independent 

Vacancy 

Republican  majority.    80 


156 

196 

49 

69 

1 

1 

107 


VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 


1872. 
1876. 

1880. 
1884. 

1388. 

1892. 


T>nn. 
Pre3...212,041 
P  res...  866, 204 
Pres...407,428 
.392,785 


Pres. 
Pres. 
Pres. 


..446,633 
..452,264 


1896.  Pres.. . 

1898.  Gov. .. 

1899.  Treas. 


.433.228 
.358  ..WO 
,327,612 


Gr. 

•i',m 

20,668 
16,992 
Ldh. 

3,873 
Pop. 

8,714 
N.D. 
11,000 


1900.  Pres 424.232 

190L  Treas... 291 ,995 


1902.  Gov.,. 

1903.  Treas. 

1904.  Pres . . 

1906.  Gov. .. 

1907.  Treas. 


.436,447 
,  285,168 
.3.35,430 
.301,747 
312.737 


Bep. 
349,589 
884.148 
444,704 
473,804 

526,091 

516,011 

728, 300 
476.306      ... 
438,000      ... 

Soc.D. 
712  665  4,831 
Union. 
423,498  93,213 
Snr. 
.592,867  21,910 
503,775  13,245 
840,949  21,863 
506,392  15,169 
459,965    .... 


137 


Plu. 


Pro. 
1,630  137,548 


1,318 

1,939 

15,283 

20,947 

25,123 


17,944 
37,276 
81,019 

79,452 

63,747 


R 
R 

R 
R 

R 


19,274  295,072 

125, 746  118,  006 

18,072  110,488 


R 
R 
R 

R 


27.908  288,433 
18,044  131,548  R 


23,327  1.56.410 
24,850  268,807 
33.717  505.519 
24,793  48.435 
29,830  147,228 


R 
R 
R 
R 
R 


m 


J^lectio7i  Hetiirns. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


Counties. 


Bristol 

Kent , 

Newport 

Providence . 
Washington 


Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. . 


GOrF.RNOR, 

1907. 


Hig- 

Kir.s, 
Deni. 


33,300 
5i."68 


Jack 
soil, 
Uep. 


31.005 
48.32 


33, 300 


PKKSiriKNT, 

lti04. 


K00S&- 

Swal- 

Dem. 

velt, 
Itep. 

luw, 
IVo. 

963 

1,441 

22 

1.860 

2.978 

67 

2,214 

3. 672 

51 

15, 463 

25.402 

381 

1,267 

24,839 

3,164 

41,605 

96 

768 

16. 766 

36.19 

60.94 

1.02 

Debs, 
Soc. 

^12 

22 

11 

669 

19 


488 
^,656 


956 
i.'22 


For  Governor,  1907:  Remington,  Pro.,  received 
831  votes;  Johnson.  Soc,  681;    Leach,  .Soc.  L. ,  289. 

For  Governor,  1906:  Helme,  Pro.,  received  714 
votes;  Carpenter,  Soc.  ,395;  Moran,Soc.  L.,  320. 

Tlie  .scattering  vote  for  President  in  1904  was: 
Corrigau,  Soc.  L.,  488  votes. 

VOTE  FOB   REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRE.SS,  1906. 

Districts. 

I.  Daniel  L.    D.  Granger,  Dem.,  16,846;      Elisha 

Dyer, Rep.,  16,030;  White,  Pro.,  310;  Arnold, 
Soc,  247. 

II.  Lucius  F.   C.  Garvin,   Dem.,   14,593;  AdinP. 

('apron.  Rep., 16,979;  Briggs, Pro.,333;  Curtis, 
Soc,  162. 

PRESENT  ST.\TE    GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  James  K.  Higgins,  Dem.  ;  Lieutenant- 
Governor,  Ralph  C.  Watrous,  Rep.;  Secretarjof 
State,  Charles  P.  Bennett;  Attornej'-General, 
William  B.  Greenough;  Treasurer,  Walter  A. 
Read;  Adjutant-General,  Frederick  M.  Sackett; 
Auditor,  Charles  C.  (i  ray;  Commissioner  of  Public 
Schools,  Walter  E.  Ranger;  Commissioner  of  In- 
surance, Charles  C.  Gray— all  Republicans. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Wm.  W.  Doug- 
las;   Associate    Justices,   Clark  H.  Johnson,    C. 
Frank  Parkhurst,  John  T.  Blodgett,   Edward  C. 
Dubois.     Clerk  of  the  Court,  B.  S.  Blai.sdell— all 
Republican  .s. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,   1908. 

Senate.  House.    Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 29  44  73 

Democrats 10  28  38 


Republican  majorit  J'.       19 


16 


1872. 
1876. 
1880. 
1884. 
1888. 

1892. 
1893 
1894. 
1895. 

1896. 

1897. 
1898. 

1899. 
1900. 
1900. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 


VOTE  OF  THE 
Dem. 


STATE  SINCE  1872. 


President. 
President. 
President. 
President. 
President. 


. .  5,329 
.  .10,712 
.  .10,77* 
. .12,391 
.  .17,530 


President..  24.335 
Governor. .  .22.015 
Governor... 22,650 
Governor. .  .14,289 

President. .  .14.459 
(Governor. .  .13,675 
Governor...  13,224 


Governor. 

Governor. 

President. 

Governor. 

Governor . 

President. 

Governor. 

Governor. 

Goveruwr. 


..14,602 
..17,184 
..19.812 
.  .32,279 
..30,578 
..24  839 
.  .25,816 
.  ..33,195 
..33,300 


Rejx 
13,665 

15,787 
18,195 
19.030 
21,968 

26,972 
21,830 
28.957 
25,098 

37,437 
24  ,.309 
24,743 

24,308 

26,043 

33,784  . 

24, .541 

29,275 

41,605 

31.311 

31,877 

31,005 


Gr.     I^ro. 


236 
422 

JPop. 

227 

"223 
369 

X.  D. 

1,1«6 


Soc. 
2,941 
2.8.^8 
1,423 
1  283 
943 

".367 
395 


928 
1,250 

1,654 
3,265 
2,241 
2,624 

1,160 

2,096 
2,012 

1.279 

1,848 

1,629 

1.689 

936 

768 

882 

714 

831 


35 

Pin. 
*8,336  R 
*5,075  R 
7,416  R 
6,639  R 
4,438  R 

2,637  R 

185  I> 

6..307  R 

10,809  R 

22,978  R 
10,6;i4  R 
11,519  R 

9,706  R 
8,859  It 

13.972  R 
7,7.'58  D 
1.303  D 

16,766  Ii 
5,495  R 
1,318  n 
2,295  D 


SOUTH   CAROLINA. 


Counties. 
(41.) 

GOTKRNOR, 

190(>. 

Pr.E«II>VNT, 

1004. 

Ansei, 
L)em. 

684 
930 
878 
513 
767 
.337 
403 

1,069 
482 
522 
633 

1,314 
943 
454 
399 
513 
320 
561 
201 

1,303 
981 
558 
507 
360 
831 

1, 029 
470 

1,549 
SM 
463 
722 
402 

1,888 
403 
577 
882 

1,710 
413 
993 
913 
569 

Ch.imi- 
le-, 

Soc. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

11 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
7 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
9 
'    0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

l':.rke; 
Dem. 

665 

llioose- 
ve  t, 
Kep. 

Abbeville I 

21 

Aiken 

1  672         35 

Anderson 

1952^        66 

Bamberg 

"868!        23 

Barnwell 

1  401         35 

Beaufort 

'415       319 

Berkeley 

Cliarlest'on 

Cherokee , 

665       115 
1.754       195 
1,507          31 

Chester 

4541          8 

Che.stertield 

1,158 
1.170 
1,421 
1,464 

706 

967 

723 
1,406 

728 
2,489 
1,332 
1,079 

980 

850 
1,  504 
1,777 
1,128 
2,403 
1.507 

755 
1,364 

720 
2,941 

914 
1,220 

938 
2,621 

919 
1.593 
1,476 
1.198 

12 

Clarendon 

86 

Colleton 

131 

Darlington 

42 

Dorchester ' 

69 

Edgefield 

Fairfield 

5 

Florence  

31 

(ieorgeto  wn 

Greenville 

66 

Ct  reel  1  wood 

1 

Haiuptou 

Horry 

40 

Kershaw 

25 

Lancaster 

69 

Laurens 

fjee 

50 
18 

Lexington 

60 

Marion 

49 

Marlborough 

14 

Newberrv 

33 

Oconee  . .' 

62 

Orangeburg 

238 

Pickens 

6 

Richland 

122 

Saluda 

Spartanburg 

7 
84 

Sumter 

137 

Union 

Williamsburg 

58 

187 

York 

25 

Total 

30  251 

32 
283 

52. 563 

50,009 

<15  39 

2,554 

Plurality 

30,219 

•  ■ 

30,' 

Per  cent , 

d  t^l 

Scattering 

23 

Whole  vote   

Bn  »"0 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  D.  C.  Uey- 
ward,  Dem.,  51,907.  There  was  only  one  candidate 
for  Governor  voted  for. 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

Districts. 

I.  Counties  of  Berkelev  (part"),  Charle.ston,  Colle- 

ton (part;,  Beaufort,  Georgetown,  and  Wdl- 
iamsburg  (part).  George  S.  Legare,  Dem., 
3,965;  Aaron  P.  Prioleau,  Rep.,  28  ;  T.  L. 
Grant,  Rep.,  1.     Total,  3,994. 

II.  Counties   of    Aiken,  Barnwell,  Saluda,  E(}ge- 

field,  and  Hampton.  J.  O.  Patterson,  Dem., 
4,588;  Isaac  M vers.  Rep.,  226.    Total, 4,814. 

III.  Counties  of  Aljbeville,  Anderson.  Newberry, 

Oconee,  and  Pickens.  D.  Wyatt  Aiken,  Dem., 
2,938.  Total,  2,938.  No  opposition. 
Counties  of  Fairfield,  Greenville,  Laurens, 
Ricliland,  Spartanburg  (part),  and  Union. 
J.  T.  Johnson,  Dem.,  5,124  ;  David  C,  Gist, 
Rep., 49;  W.  T.  Cobb,  Soc.  19.  Total.  5  192. 
Coi^nties  of  (Jhester,  Chesterfield,  Kershaw, 
Lancaster,  Spartanburg  (part).  Union  (part), 
and  York.  D.  E.  Finley,  Dem.,  3,585.  Total, 
3,585.    No  opposition. 

Counties  of  Clarendon,  Darlington,  Florence, 
Horrv,  Marion,  :Marlborough.  and  Williams- 
burg (part).  J.  E.  Ellerbe,  Dem.,  3,483.  No 
opposition, 
VII.  Counties  of  Berkeley  (part),  Colleton  (part), 
Lexington,  Orangeburg,  Richland,  and  Sum- 
ter. A.  F.  Lever,  Dem.,  5,391;  A.  D.  Dantzler^ 
Rep.,  133.    Total,  5,524. 


IV. 


VI. 


JiJlection  lleturns. 


m 


SOUTH  C ARO Liy^K— Continued. 

PRKSKNT  .STATK  GOVKKXMKXT. 

Governor,  M.  F.  Ansel;  Lientenaiit-Gov- 
ernor,  T.  G.  McLood ;  Secrotary  of  State,  K.  M. 
McL'owan;  Attoruey-Geueral,  J.  F.  Lyon;  Treas- 
urer, 11.  H.  Jenninsrs;  Comptroller-General,  A.  W. 
Jones;  Superintendent  of  Education,  O.  B.  jNlar- 
tin;  Adjutant-General,  J.  C.  Boyd— all  Dem- 
ocrats. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Y.  J.Pope;  Jus- 
tices. C.  A.  Woods,  Kn?ene  B.  Garj%  Ira  B.Jones; 
Clerk,  U.  R.  Brooks— all  Democrats. 

STATE    LEQISI.ATUKK,    1907. 

Senate,  House.  Joint  Baltnt. 
Democrats 41  124  165 

VOTK  OP  THK  STATK  SINCK  1872. 

Dein.      Rep. 
•>\683    72,290 


SOUTH  DXVLOTK— Continued. 


1872. 
1876. 
18S0. 
1884. 
1886. 
1888. 

1892, 

1894. 


1896. 
1896. 
1898. 
1900. 
1900. 
1902. 
1904. 
1906. 


President.. 
President.. 
President.. 
President.. 
Governor. 


91.540 

112,312 

69,845 

33,111 


92,081 
58,071 
21,733 


President 65,825 

President 54,692 

Governor 


Mai. 
49,607  R 
641  R 
54,241  D 
48,112  D 
33,111  D 
52.089  D 

PUi. 
41,347  D 

Mai. 
22,229  D 


Governor 59,424 

President 58,798 

Governor 28,159 

(lOvernor 46,457 

President 47,236 

(Governor 31,817 

President 52,563 

Governor 30,2-51 


13,73*'    .... 
Pop. 
13,345  2,407 
lad.  Dem. 

39,507    17,278    

Reorg.  Reg. 
Rep.    Rep.      Pin. 
4.432     2,780    54,999  J) 
4  223     5,058    49.517  D 
No  opposition. 
No  opposition. 
3,-579      ....     43,657  D 
No  opposition. 
2,554      ....    50,009  D 
32      ....    30,219  D 


SOUTH    DAKOTA. 


Ci)t'NTIRS. 

(63.) 


GOVERNOfl, 

1906. 


Stran- 

sky, 

Dem. 


Aurora 

Beadle.. 

Bon  llonime 
Brookings  ... 

Brown 

Brule I 

Buffalo 

Butte 

Campbell..  . 
Charles  Mix 

Clark 

Clay 

Coddington. 

Custer 

Davison 

Day 

Deuel 

Douglas 

Kdmunds. .. 
Fall  River.. 

Faulk 

Grant 

Gregory 

Hamlin 

Hand 

Hanson 

Hughes 

Hutchinson 

Hyde 

Jerauld 

Kingsbury.. 

Lake 

Lawrence. . . 

Lincoln 

Lj'man 

INlarshall 

McCook 

McPherson. 
Meade 


459 
265 

894 

88 
712 
643 

69 
486 

421 
7261 

811 
436 
426, 
274! 
448, 
269! 
264 
4.58 
306 
2-56 

62' 
257, 
755' 
284! 
299 
560 1 

62  i 
134 

88 
203 
383 
194 
1,0.51 
119 
523 
125 
631 

61 
4041 


Craw- 
ford, 
Kep^ 

605 

1,028 

1,156 

1,212 

1,690 

571 

99 

751 

301 

1,213 

518 

1,250 

1,256 

409 

1  160 

1,301 

978 

675 

626 

518 

473 

791 

1,123 

81^ 

72 

595 

490 

636 

396 

523 

1,000 

1,29 

2,388 

1,148 

1,189 

655 

908 

397 

579 


Know, 
le.s, 
Soc. 


40 

15 

34 

137 

5 
94 
8 
51 
29 
24 
27 
17 
29 
25 
11 
2 

18 

37 

8 

10 

35 

11 

15 

5 

8 

1 

7 

9 

17 

as 
1,111 

37 
39 
30 
28 
3 
.  73 


Lewis' 
Pro. 


28 
43 
58 
457 
68 
11 

2 

4 
17 
24 
77 
35 
40 

2 

96 

292 

36 

4 
68 
23 
68 
89 
11 
54 
123 
3^ 

5 
43 
18 
52 
179 
78 
37 
44 
45 
200 
37 

5 
13 


i'RkSIDENT, 
1904. 


Koose- 

velt, 

Deiu. 

Hep. 

407 

632 

493 

1,818 

886 

1,547 

353 

2,220 

988 

2,737 

608 

693 

43 

118 

330 

793 

120 

635 

823 

1,765 

276 

1,409 

361 

1,72a 

582 

1.741 

228 

536 

506 

1.626 

383 

2,077 

279 

1.348 

429 

859 

353 

786 

248 

777 

165 

727 

309 

1,454 

282 

675 

307 

1,197 

170 

943 

523 

745 

335 

929 

365 

1,752 

91 

443 

1.39 

586 

344 

1,896 

260 

1.728 

1,-347 

4,247 

378 

2,471 

306 

986 

292 

996 

693 

1,284 

144 

727 

268 

754 

COUA'TIKS. 


Miner 

Minnehaha.... 

?*roody 

Pennington... 

Potter 

Roberts 

Sanborn 

Spink 

Stanley 

Sully 

Turner 

X^nion 

Walworth  .. .. 
Yankton 

Total 

Pluralitj' 

Per  cent 

scattering ....' 

Whole  vote. 


GOVKKNOR, 

1906. 


Str.in- 

sky, 

Dem. 

~487 
,271 
298 
505 
218 
566 
182 
232 
494 1 
4^ 
354 
493 
177 
806 


Cr.iw- 
foril, 
Rep. 


790 

3,575 
982 

1,060 
486 

1,026 
8.30 
995 
885 
326 

1,296 
983 
594 

1,374 


19,923  48.709 

. .     1 28,784 
26.711  65.30 


Know- 

IfS, 

Soc. 

~T9 

106 

35 

35 

8 
65 
19 
34 
30 
11 
10 

9 
20 
33 


I^wls, 
Pro. 


30 

153 

66 

17 

8 

155 

113 

140 

24 

5 

62 

34 

21 

46 


Prksidkn  r, 
1904. 


2,542 
3.'44 
74,572 


3,398 
4. '55 


Parker 

Uoose- 
Telt, 

Dein. 

llep. 

475 

893 

1,046 

4,455 

295 

1,471 

392 

1.126 

270 

525 

584 

2.282 

265 

1,031 

492 

2,127 

396 

547 

50 

364 

521 

2,.395 

730 

1,813 

176 

654 

788 

1,968 

21,969 

72.083 

50.114 

20.68 

71.09 

7,.343 
101.395 


For  President  in  1904:  Swallow,  Pro.,  received 
2,965;  Debs,  Soe. ,  3,138 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  COXGRESS,1906. 

>4<  Xorcre— Elder, Dem.,  19,97C;  Hall, i;ep.,  48,096; 
Kirwan.Soc.  ,2,439;  Templeton,Pro.  ,3,392. 

A/  La  roe— Ramsey,  Dem.,  19.791;  P«irker,  Rep., 
47,971 ;  Berge,  Soc. ,  2,349;  Day,  Pro. ,  3,313. 

PRESENT  STATE    GOVERXMEXT. 

Governor,  Coe  I.Crawford;  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, H.  C.  Shober;  Secretary  of  State,  D.  D. 
Wipf;  Treasurer,  C.  H.  Cassill;  Auditor,  John 
Heruing;  Attorney-General, S.W.Clark;  Superin- 
tendent of  Education,  H.  A,  Ustread;  Commis- 
sioner of  Lauds,  O.  C.  Dokkeu— all  Republicans. 

JUDICIARY, 

SupremeCourt:  Presiding  Judge,  Dick  Haney, 
Justices,  Howard  G.  Fuller  and  Dighton  Corson  ; 
Clerk,  FrankCraue— all  Republicau.s. 

STATE    T^EGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate.  House.   Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans..-. 37  82  119 

Democrats 8  7  15 


Republican  majority.   29 


75 


104 


VOTE  OF  THE    STATE  SINCE  1886. 

Dem.      Rep. 

P.  A. 

Mai. 

1886. 

Congress* . 

....22,a39    43.365 

.... 

21.026 

R 

1889. 

Governor. 

....23,840    53,964 

Pni'). 
26,544 

30, 124 

R 

1892. 

President. 

....  9,081     34,888 

t8,344 

R 

Deni.-  Pop .  Rep. 

Plu 

1896. 

President 

...  41,225    41.042 

683 

183 

F 

1898. 

Governor.. 

...  37.319    36,949 
JJeyn. 

Pro. 

370 

F 

1900. 

President. 

...    39,544   54,-530 

1.542 

14.986 

R 

1902. 

Governor. 

....  21,396    48,196 

2,245 

26.800 

R 

1904. 

President. 

...  21,969    72,083 

2,965 

50,114 

R 

1906. 

Governor. 

....  28,784    48.709 

3.398 

28,784 

R 

*  The  vote   of 

1886  was  that  of  the  comities 

of 

Dakota  Territor 

y  which   now  compose 

the  Slate 

of  South  Dakota 

t  Plurality. 

TENNESSEE. 

COUNTIKS 

(96.) 


GOVKllNOK, 

1906. 


Anderson  . 
Bedford    ^ 
Benton 
Bledsoe 
Blount 
Bradley 
Campbell 
Cannon. . 


Pkksidk.nt, 
1804. 


Swal 
low, 
Pro. 


IJ- 

Deba, 

3. 

Soc. 

9 

24 

3 

4 

4 

•  • 

17 

3 

19 

8 

72 

2S 

738 


Election  Tieturns. 


TENNESSEE— 0)«<i?iZi€d. 


COUNTIBS. 


( 'anoU 

Carter 

rhealham 

Chester 

Claiborue 

Clay ; 

Cocke 

CoHee  

Crockett 

Cuuiberlaud  . 

Davidson 

Decatur 

DeKalb 

Dickson 

Dyer 

Fayette 

Fentress 

Franklin 

(jiibson 

(liles 

Grainger 

Cireene 

Grundy  

Hamblen 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Hardeman. .. 

Hardin 

Hawkins 

Ha  J- wood 

Henderson  . . 

Henry 

Hickman 

Houston 

Humphreys. . 

Jackson  

James 

JeHerson 

Jobn.son 

Knox 

Lake 

Lauderdale . . 

Lawrence 

Lewis 

Lincoln  

Loudon 

^lacon 

McMinn 

McNairy 

Madison 

Marion 

Marshall 

Maury 

Meigs 

:Monroe 

Montgomery. 

INIoore 

Slorgan  

Obion 

Overton 

Perrj' 

Pickett 

Polk 

Putnam 

Rhea 

Roane , 

Robertson 

Rutherford  . 

Scott 

Sequatchie.., 

Sevier 

Shelby 

Smith, 

Stewart , 

Sullivan 

Sumner 

Tipton 

Trousdale... 

ynicoi 


Governor, 

1906. 


Pat- 

tersuD, 
Dem. 

1,"539 
59u 
928 
536 
840 
610 
676 
l.riio 
783 
381 
6,465 
751 
1,255 
1,427 
1,458 
1,872 
310 
2,037 
2  442 
3,036 
710 
2,076 
440 
494 
3,668 
417 
1,162 
712 
952 
1,097 
790 
2,029 
1,178 
458 
960 
1,192 
183 
379 
308 
2,81.9 
221 
1,000 
1,103 
386 
1,729 
283 
506 
895 
1.030 
1,923 
616 
1.438 
2,080 
502 
1,034 
1,434 
506  i 
3321 
1,904 
1,014 
720 
322 
443 
1,452 
796 
419 
2  39!: 
2,749 
81 
315 
280 
4,725 
1,380 
1,181 
2,050 
1,866 
1,329 
490 
09 


President, 
1904. 


2,334 
2,637 
284 
564 
1,871 
432 
1,510 
341 
672 
846 
2,247 
820 
1,089 
499 
384 
3 
743 
608 
1,089 
1.1^5 
1,364 
1.982 
180 
738 
3.319 
1,351 
496 
1,431 
1,436 
40 
1,367 
832 
614 
175 
380 
618 
440 
1,46 
1,956 
4,760 
38 
138 
1,168 
212 
477 
642 
953 
1,5(4 
1.329 
1007 
827 
547 
598 
471 
1,548 
615 
43 
808 
347 
732 
460 
472 
757 
1.086 
1,062 
1,052 
669 
947 
1,304 
179 
2,727 
1,884 
«79 
347 
1,548 
468 
898 
173 
856 


Parker 
L>em. 

"i"^3 

1.015 

824 

959 

544 

626 

1,441 

.1,167 

375 

7,735 

858 

1,095 

1,490 

1,771 

2,010 

278 

2,180 

3,014 

2,736 

592 

2,128 

554 

531 

3,287 

382 

.1,903 

83' 

935 

1,341 

864 

2,365 

1,231 

555 

1,209 

1.222 

380 

219 

3,196 

469 

3,017 

1,299 

415 

,227 

356 

751 

1.001 

1,218 

2,618 

731 

2,152 

2,142 

563 

1,385 

1,697 

857 

387 

2.624 

1,125 

752 

346 

688 

1,310 

799 

493 

2,308 

2,504 

166 

356 

30C 

8.68b 

1,.562 

1,330 

2,116 

2,178 

1,882 

488 

74 


Koose- 
veltj 
liep. 


Swal 


2,424 
2,584 
420 
578 
993 
501 
1,726 
536 
1,102 
898 
1,900 
921 
1,274 
828 
625 
62 
724 
704 
1421 
1,583 
1,253 
2.036 
264 
812 
3,849 
1,244 
986 
1,463 
1,510 
64 
1,313 
928 
922 
287 
539 
772' 
533 
1,217 
1,769 
4.309 
174 
168 
1,369 
220 
631 
810 
1,482 
1,669 
1.525 
1,180 
1,189 
620 
973 
481 
1,724 
843 
95 
1,049 
756 
81 
584 
509 
1,006 
1,213 
8»1 
1378 
811 
1,348 
1,567 
175 
2,886 
2,563 
1,080 
681 
1,506 
599 
980 
177 
776 


•al- 

Debs, 

ro. 

Soc. 

22 

7 

21 

6 

10 

9 

1 

i 

25 

3 

0 

, 

1 

45 

8 

27 

31 

94 

142 

1 

48 

41 

49 

9 

4 

4 

•  ■« 

1 

20 

8 

58 

6 

3 

1 

6 

2 

14 

9 

o 

98 

17 

2 

106 

227 

14 

'"  4 

a 

3 

15 

1 

1 

37 

11 

38 

5 

7 

6 

27 

27 

25 

5 

"  1 

'  • 

18 

2 

11 

120 

103 

1 

,  ^ 

6 

"  1 

20 

96 

7 

3 

5 

18 
21 
37 

1 

20 
121 

1 

16 
18 


17 
30 
87 
43 

7 


8' 
1 

41 
4 
4 


TENNESSEE— a)ft/?7i«e<Z. 


21 
39 

11 

'  4 
4 


8 

65 

3 

4 
3 
2 

196 

'"32 
2 
4 
2 


Counties. 


Union 

Van  Bureu.. . 

Warren 

Washington  . 

Wavne 

Weil  k  ley 

While 

Williamson. . 
Wilson 

Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

Scattering . .. 

Whole  vote 


Governor, 
19U6. 


Presidbnt, 
1904. 


101766 
8,962 
52.07 


1,889    1,354 
8.17'     0.56 


873 
195,443 


2,401 
242,656 


For  Governor,  1906,  Ray,  Soc,  received  873 
voles. 

For  President  in  1904,  Wat.son,  Pop.,  received 
2,401. 

The  vote  for  Governor  In  1904  was:  Frazier, 
Dem.,  131,503;  LitUeton,  Rep.,  103,409;  Ray,  Soc. , 
1,109. 

The  scattering  vote  for  President  in  1900  was  : 
Debs,  Soc.  D.,  410;  Woolley,  Pro.,  3,900;  Barker, 
Pop.,  1,368. 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,   1906. 

Districts. 

I.  Counties  of    Carter,  Claiborne,  Cocke,  Grain- 

fer,  Greene,  Hamblen,  Hancock,  Haw- 
ius,  Johnson,  Sullivan,  Unicoi,  and 
Washington.  John  H.Caldwell.  Dem. ,  9,145; 
W.  P.  Browulosv,  Rep. ,  17,249;  A.  A.  Taylor, 
Ind.  6,760 

XL  Counties  of  Anderson,  Blount,  Campbell, 
Jefferson,  Knox,  Loudon,  Morgan,  Roane, 
Scott,  Sevier,  and  Union.  E.  L.  Foster, 
Dem.,  5,125;  N.  W.  Hale,  Rep.,  13,817; 
Broughton,  Soa  ,  350. 

III.  Counties     of     Bledsoe,    Bradley,   Franklin, 

Grundy,  Hamilton,  James,  McMinn, 
Marion.  Meigs,  Monroe,  Polk,  Sequatchie, 
Van  Biiren,  Warren,  and  White.  John  A. 
Moon,  Dem.,  15,388;  T.  W.  Peace,  Rep., 
11.408;  i-Hlison,  Soc,  273. 

IV.  Counties    of    Clay,    Cumberland,   Fentress, 

Jackson,  Macon,  Overton,  Pickett,  Put- 
nam, Smith,  Sumner,  Trousdale,  and  Wil- 
son. Cordell  Hull,  Dem.,  11,951;  John  E. 
Oliver,  Rep.,  10,312. 

V.  Counties    of      Bedford,    Cannon,    Coffee,    De 

Kalb,  Lincoln,  Marshall,  Moore,  and  Ruth- 
erford. W.  C.  Houston,  Dem.,  11,450;  T.  W. 
Wade,  Rep.,  4,451;  Baxter,  Soc. ,  110. 

VI.  Counties  of   Cheatham,  Davidson,  Houston, 

Humphreys,  Montgomerv,  Robertson,  and 
Stewart.  J.  W.  Gaines,  Dem. .  12,546;  J.  W. 
Johnson,  Rep. ,  2,211;  Sueed,  Soc. ,  173. 

VII.  CounB^s  of  Dickson,  Giles,  Hickman,  Law- 
rence, Lewis,  Maurv,  Wayne,  and  Will- 
iamson. L.  P.  Padgett,  Dem,,  12,750;  Joe 
P.  Kidd,  Rep. ,  5,818. 

VIII.  Counties  of  Benton,  Carroll,  Chester,  Deca- 
tur, Hardin,  Henderson,  Henry,  Madison. 
McNairy,  and  Perrj'.  T.  W.  Sims,  Dem., 
11,209;  J.  C.  R.  McCall,  Rep.,  10,874. 

IX.  Counties  of  Crockett,   Dyer,  Gibson,  Hav- 

wood.  Lake,  Lauderdale,  Obion,  and  Weak- 
lev.  Finis  J.  Garrett,  Dem.,  11,538;  Yaudell 
Haun,  Rep.,  3,437. 

X.  Counties  of  Fayette.  Hardeman,  Shelby,  and 

Tipton.  George  W.  Gordon,  Dem. ,  10,378; 
Thomas  Haines,  Hep. ,  Ml^ 


Election  Returns. 


739 


T  EN  N  E3SEE—  Continued. 


VOTE  FOR  GOVERNOR,   1902. 

The  vote  for  Governor  was:  Frazier,  Dem., 
98,954; Camhell.  Rep.,  59,002;  Cheeves,  Pro.,  2,193. 
Frazier' s  plurality,  39,952. 

PRESENT  STATE    GOVERNMENT. 

Governor.Malcolm  R.Patterson, Dem.; Secretari' 
of  state.  Joliu  W.  Morton;  Treasurer,  K.E.  Folk; 
(^'omniissioner  of  Agriculture,  \V.  W.  Ogilvie; 
Siiperintendeut  of  Public  Insiructiou.  Seymour 
A.Mvnders;  Comptroller,  Frank  Dibrell;  Adjn- 
taiit-Geueral,  TuUy  Brown  ;  Attoruey-Geueral, 
ehas.  T.  Cates— all  Democrats. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Ju.stice,  W.  D.  Beard; 
Justices.  John  S.  Wilkes,  W  K.  McAllister,  M. 
M.  Neil,  and  John  K.  Shields;  Clerk,  Joe  J. 
lloauh— all  Democrats. 

STATE  IiEQISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate. 

Democrats 27 

Republicans 8 

Democratic  majority.    21 


T'E.XPiS>— Continued. 


PRtSIDt-MT, 
1900. 


COUNTIRS. 


House.  Joint  Ballot. 
78  105 

21  27 


57 


VOTE  OF  TH 

Dem. 

1872.  Pres 94,391 

l*7f^.  Pres..  ..133,1(36 

1«80.  Pres 128,191 

1884.  Pres 133.270 

1886.  Gov 126,628 

1888.  Pres 158,779 

1890.  Gov 113,549 

1892.  Gov 127,247 

]Hi»2.  Pres 1.38.874 

l>Si44.  Gov 104,356 

Dem.-Poi 

1?«6.  Pros 166,268 

1898.  Gov 105.6.40 

r.t.iO.  Gov 145,708 

\<^\M.  I're.s 144,751 

\W)1.  Gov 98,954 

ict(i4.  Pres 131,653 

1"JU6.  Gov 101,766 


E  STATE  SINCE  1872. 

Rep.        Qr.    '    Pro. 

83,655   

89.566 
107.677 
124.090 
109,835 
138.988 

76,081 


5,917 
957   1,151 


48   5,969 
....  11,082 
I.  Dem. 
100,629  31.515   5,427 

r<))>. 

100,331    23,447      4,851 
105,104    23.W2        

148,773  ....       3,098 

72.611  1,7J2      2,411 

119,831  1,269      3,378 

121,194       

59,002  . . .        2,193 

105,369  2,401     1,889 

92,804       


Pill. 
10,736  D 
43.600  D 
20.514  D 

9.180  D 
16,793  1) 
19.791  1) 
37,468  JJ 

26,618  D 

38,543  D 
t748  i{ 

17,495  D 
33,029  D 
25,877 'D 
23.557  D 
39  552  D 
26,284  D 
8.962  D 


•  Majority,  t  .-V  recount  of  the  vote  by  the  Leg- 
islature resulted  in  the  rejection  of  certain  returns 
for  irregularities  and  elected  Turuey  Governor. 


TEXAS, 


CotTOTIKS. 

(246.) 


f  KKslDBNl, 
1904. 


Anderson  . 
Angelina.... 

Aransas 

Archer 

Armstrong. 
Ata.scosa.... 

Austin 

Bandera .... 

Bastrop 

Bavlor 

Bee 

Bell 

Bexar 

Blanco 

Borden 

Bosque 

Bowie 

Brazoria.., 
Brtizos 


Parker 

Uiose- 
velt, 
Kep. 

Swal- 
Pro. 

1,708 

924 

19 

940 

226 

17 

153 

50 

1 

323 

74 

20 

216 

17 

1 

704 

104 

1,392 

6O0 

3 

636 

128 

8 

1,035 

70 

7 

446 

32 

25 

655 

149 

11 

2,507 

287 

28 

3,589 

1,574 

24 

488 

215 

15 

187 

5 

9 

1,091 

361 

37 

1,549 

1,010 

37 

423 

341 

59 

1,032 

281 

42 

Wat- 
son, 
Pop. 


37 
41 
8 
9 
15 
27 

"21 

7 

5 

8 

112 

19 

21 

15 

54 

48 

10 

1 


Prksidknt, 
1900. 


Brvan, 

T462 

1,381 

205 

465 

197 

836 

1,864 

551 

2,191 

471 

1,0.51 

4,584 

5,272 

524 

130 

1,729 

967 
1,786 


.Mc- 

Kiiilt-y 

liep^ 

17471 

456 

113 

85 

291 
1.094 

348 

1,>528 

88 

.•501 
1,211 
3,762 

385 
30 

609 

165 
i  1,616 


Brewster 

Briscoe... 

Brown  ..., 

Burleson 

Burnet.... 

Cfvldwell 

Calhoun 

Callahan 

Cameron 

Camp  . 
Carsou 

Castro.   .. 
Chambers 
Cherokee . 
Childress 

Clay 

Coke 

Coleman 

Collin 

Collings  worili 

Colorado 

Comal 

Comanche 

Concho 

Cooke 

Coryell 

Cottle 

Crockett 
Crosby 

Dallam 

Dallas 

Deaf  Smith 

Delta 

Denton 

De  Witt 
Dickens 
Dimmit 
Donley... 

Uuval 

Kastlaud 

Ector 

Edwards 

Ellis 

El  Pa.so 

Erath  . 

Falls  . . . 

Fannin 

Fayette 

Fisher.. 

Floyd 

Foard 

Fort  Bend 

Franklin 

Freestone 

Frio 

Galveston 
Gillespie 
f  Glasscock 
Gqliad.... 
i4onzales. 

Gray 

Grayson 
Gregg, 
Grimes 
Guadalupe. 

Hale 

Hall 

Hamilton 

Hansford 

Hardeman. 

Hardin 

Harris. . . 

Harrison 

Hartlev 

Haskell 

Hays.... 

Hehiphill.  c 

Henderson 

Hidalgo. ... 


no 


JSlection  JReUirns. 


TEXAS— Continued. 


( 


^OCKTIKS. 


Hill 

fHood 

Jiopkins 

Houstou 

Howard 

Hunt 

Irion. 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jett"  Davis 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Jones 

Karnes 

Kaufman 

Kendall 

Kemp.... 

Kent 

Kerr 

Kimhle 

^1»S 

Kinney 

Knox 

Lamar 

X^iampftsas 

i/a  Salle 

:Lavaca 

^XjGQ  ■■■•••••■■'eh 

"Leon -.  .... 

Xiberty..  >. 

IJni€st'<?>'»ie 

J.Spsc'Mlib 

^..ive'Oak 

^,lsHo 

.^.rtbbock 

-:?.iadison 

IMarion 

IMartin 

Mason 

INIatagorda 

^Maverick 

ZMcC'iUlocli 

Mcl^ennan 

McMullen 

\Mevlina 

:';Mt^nard 

:Midland 

LMilam 

Mills 

I\ritrhell 

Montague 

IMontgomery.. 

Moore 

Motley 

Nacogdoches.. 

Kfivarro 

Newton 

Nolan     

Nupoos 

Ochiltree 

Oldham 

Orange 

Palo  Pinto 

Papola 

Parker 

Pecos 

Polk 

Pott.M- 

Presidio 

liains 

Handall 

Jled  Piiver. 

Ileeves 

Refugio 

Roberts 

^Robertson 

llockwall,  ... 

Runnels 

Rusk 

Sabiae. 


PrK'?1I)ENT, 

1904. 


P;irker 
Dem. 


2,857 
559 

1.762 

1,6J1 
201 

3,606 
172 
320 
61-1 
112 

1,62S 

2,178 
740 

1,006 

2,272 
140 
186 
126 
565 
335 
102 
218 
442 

2,536 

713 

97 

2,463 
977 
990 
675 

1,636 
116 
375 

'238 
534 
273 
172 
370 
328 
291 
387 

86 
590 
356 

36 
1,118 

'467 

2,700 

943 

85 

239 

1,575 

2,510 

469 

518 

575 

81 

65 

604 

971 

1.178 

1,833 

231 

503 

119 

121 

190 

285 

1,586 

320 

148 

100 

1,265 

639 

224 

1,973 

Mi 


Koose- 
velt, 
Kep. 

376 
147 
262 
924 

21 
613 

30 
161 
315 

67 
794 
328 

80 
144 
330 
545 
8 
4 
231 
125 

'192 

68 

724 

209 

171 

491 

395 

372 

312 

213 

46 

30 

"'l4 

178 
486 

24 
118 

90 
211 
111 
694 

28 
436 

58 

18 
943 

"■7? 

212 

420 

3 

10 
226 
439 
318 

80 
152 

18 

13 
190 
160 
345 
518 

64 
155 

'250 
139 
34 
63 

2' 

86 

20 

196 

50 

SS 

1,641 

^24 


S^v  al- 
low, 
Pro, 


45 
20 
90 

"  3 

88 
6 

"26 

*> 

152 

■  29 

18 

28 

22 

1 

4 


2 

6 

43 

124 


3 

4 

11 

27 
4 


5 
6 
6 
2 

'"I6 
1 

"08 

'14 

14 


29 


2 
6 
19 
40 
73 
12 
8 
37 

15 

63 

7 

81 


9 
17 
20 

1 

1 
12 

6 
26 


Wat- 
son, 
Pop. 


Prksideni 

ll'OO. 


151 

55 
30 
37 
13 
78 
10 
25 
.33 

"  9 

153 

50 

32 

83 

7 
'  "  6 

"23 
98 
54 

"l3 

4 
27 
11 
53 

"25 

"*  5 

45 

11 

1 

37 

3 

1 

""25 

1 

3 

17 

'"28 

'"  9 


14 

887 

78 

8 

49 

6 

2 


66 

49 

I50 

"32 


12 

2 
86 


I 

7 
114 


48        -48 


Bryan, 
Dem. 

4^7 

1,086 

l",'9l3 
351 

4,691 

156 

440 

518 

93 

3^586 

747 
993 

'266 

'169 

558 

288 

119 

179 

413 

4,187 

848 

180 

2,868 

1,184 

1,680 

956 

3,143 

135 

406 

748 

165 

953 

390 

83 

602 

347 

407 

512 

4,868 

158 

881 

312 

275 

3,406 

690 

451 

3,052 

1,380 

27 

263 

1,897 

4,062 

769 

395 

1,140 


842 
1,366 

2,571 

l'a37 
331 
258 
548 
216 

2,602 
5,59 
192 
213 

I  Ml 

1,140 
612 

2,243 


Mc- 
Kinley 

1059 
366 

l',297 

103 

1,229 

'334 
587 
155 

1^057 
142 
203 

'480 

'"  9 

238 

158 

6 

190 

34 

1,619 

■323 

966 

1,125 

'486 
1,114 

60 

57 

362 

'500 

789 

11 

339 

259 

416 

230 

1,988 

64 

535 

167 

76 

1,479 

331 

141 

347 

897 

7 

4 

1,094 

1,911 

350 

130 

461 

22 

21 

393 

341 

'552 

'888 

97 

420 

454 

'848 

46 

84 

79 

1,247 

121 

IS 

i.eat 


TE  X  AS—  Cmtimicd. 


Counties. 


San  Augustine 
8an  Jacinto. ... 
San  Patricio  . . 

San  Saba 

Schleicher 

Scurry  

Shackelford. . . 

Shelby 

Sherman 

Smith 

Somervell 

Starr 

Stephens 

Sterling 

Stonewall 

Sutton 

Swisher 

Tarrant 

Taylor 

Terry 

Throckmorton 

Titus 

Tom  Green... . 

Travis 

Trinitj' 

Tyler 

Uvalde 

Val  Verde.... 
Van  Zandt.... 

Victoria  

Walker 

Waller 

Ward 

Washington  . . 

Webb 

Wharton 

Wheeler 

Wichita 

Wilbarger 

Williamson. . . 

Wilson 

Wise 

Wood 

Young  

Zapata  

Zavala 


Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


Pkksi 

'KNT, 

\9 

14. 

ParVer 

Roose- 

Swal- 

Wat- 

Delia. 

velt, 
liep. 

213 

liiW, 

Pro. 

son, 
P..p. 

^6 

16 

471 

643 

7 

7 

184 

86 

3 

838 

149 

27 

68 

209 

26 

1 

440 

119 

36 

223 

164 

23 

5 

1,536 

18? 

19 

44 

22 

• 

,  , 

2,387 

1,204 

88 

67 

365 

40 

8 

88 

905 

325 

•  ■■ 

376 

16 

316 

20 

129 

15 

7 

19 

328 

23 

'i 

12 

240 

27 

2 

230 

25 

9 

6 

3.988 

852 

139 

121 

1,056 

120 

126 

86 

123 

6 

5 

3 

237 

22 

15 

24 

632 

142 

6 

57 

7.36 

125 

14 

11 

2,402 

810 

37 

21 

916 

419 

32 

630 

102 

12 

21 

452 

78 

1 

•  •• 

462 

121 

3 

1 

1,540 

347 

27 

39 

856 

352 

5 

3 

706 

605 

3 

20 

794 

545 

9 

49 

144 

21 

20 

,   , 

1,343 

640 

5 

3 

535 

1,007 

2 

607 

462 

22 

3 

200 

11 

5 

7 

655 

157 

15 

6 

302 

59 

26 

9 

2,253 

614 

93 

145 

984 

278 

11 

79 

1,6.38 

344 

102 

97 

1329 

451 

34 

35 

891 

94 

48 

48 

28 

369 

146 

11 

1 



3,995 

2 

167200 

51,242 

8,062 

1159.58 

71.45 

2i.88 

i.ss 

3.44 

PRKSir>KNT, 
1900. 


T.  I     ^1k- 

^7=^''.  Kinky 


673 

862 

460 

1,082 

'376 
250 

"24 

2,706 
380 

1,249 
735 
141 
305 
176 
148 

5,277 

1,253 

"250 

956 

602 

4,194 

1,110 

1,215 

558 

57] 

2,276 

l',299 
971 

1,811 
1,103 

778 

'907 

626 

3,673 

1,800 

2,993 

1,633 

858 

102 

126 


3,212 

234,0t'8 


146164 
64..35 


383 

524 

40 

?41 

"161 
73 

"  9 

2,470 

143 

857 

45 

44 

107 

158 

50 

'440 

"54 
445 
235 
2,601 
517 
622 
280 
227 
855 

l",i31 
760 

1,371 

1,770 

535 

'215 
138 
1,812 
477 
703 
933 
158 
462 
35 


121173 
29^39 


23, 800 
412,290 


Election  returns  1906,  unofficial  vote  for  Gover- 
nor, was:  Campbell,  Dem. ,  243,942;  Gray,  R«'P- . 
42,169;  Acheson,  Rep. ,  12,319;  Pearson, Pro.,  5,910; 
Edwards,  Soc,  7,198;  Dowien,  Soc.  K  ,4,919. 

For  President  ia  1904:  Debs,  Soc,  2,791;  Cor- 
rigau,  Soc.  L.,  421. 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

lyistrictn. 

I.  Counties  of  Bowie.  Red  River,  Lamar,  Delta, 

Hopkins,  Franklin,  Titus,  Camp,  Morris, 
Cass,  and  Marion.  Morris  Sheppard,  Dem., 
12,432. 

II.  Counties  of  Jefferson,  Orange,  Hardin,  Tyler, 

Jasper,  Newton,  Sabine, San  Augustine,  An- 
gelin.'i,  Cherokei',  Nacogdoches,  siielby.  l>a- 
nola,  and  Harrison.  S.  B.  Cooper,  Dem., 
9  -322 

III.  Counties  of  Wood,  Upshur,  Gregg,    Rush, 

Smith,   Henderson,   Van  Zandt,  and  Kauf- 
man.    .1.  (J.  Russell,  Dem. ,  8,491. 

IV.  Counties  of  Grnvson,  Collin,   Fannin,  Hunt, 

and  Rains.    C.  B.  Randall,  Dom.  ,12,836. 

V.  Counties  of  Dallas.  Rockwell,  Ellis,  Hill,  and 

J.^osqne,     J.  A.  Kfnil,  J)fin. ,  .«;,ft6a. 


Election  Itetiirns. 


741 


TE  X  AS— Ckmtin  ued. 


VI.  Navarre,    Freestone,  Liniesloiie,    Robertson, 

Brazos,  Xilam.     Kufus  Hardy,  Dem.,  7,3y2. 

VII.  Anders/ju,  Honstoa.  Trinity,  Polk,  h^an 
Jacinto,  Libertj-,  (Chambers,  Galveston. 
A.  W.  Gregif,  Dem.,  9,200. 

VIII.  Harris,  Fort  Bend,  Austin,  Waller,  ]\ront- 
gomery,   Grimes,    Walker,  Madison,   Leou. 

-^        J.  C.  Moore,  Dem.,  7,^128. 

IX.  Gonzales,  Fayette,  Colorado,  Wharton,  Mat- 

agorda, Brazoria,  Jackson,  Lavaca,  DeWiit, 
Victoria,  Calhoun,  Aransas,  Keiugio,  Bee, 
Goliad,  Karnes.    C.  F.  Burgess,  Dem. ,  11,194. 

X.  Williamson,  Travis,  Hays,  Caldwell,  Bastrop, 

Bee,  Burleson,  Washington.  A.  S.  Burleson, 
Dem.,  7.321. 

XI.  McLennau,   Falls,   Bell,  Corj'ell,  Hamilton. 

K.  L.  Henrj',  Dem.,  8,150. 

XII.  Tarrant,  Paricer,  Johnson,  Hood,  Somer- 
vell, Erath,  Comanche.  O.  V/.  Gillespie, 
Dem.,  7,145. 

XIII.  Cook,  Denton,  Wise,  Montague,  Clay, 
Jack,  Young,  Archer,  Wichita,  Wilbarger, 
Baylor,  Throckmonon,  Knox,  Foard,  Har- 
deman, Cottle,  Motley,  Dickens,  Floyd,  Hale, 
Lamb,  Bailey,  Childress,  Hall,  Briscoe, 
Swisher,  Castro,  Parmer,  Deal  Smith,  Bau- 
dail,  Armstrong,  Donley,  Collmgs worth, 
Wheeler,  Grav,  Carson,  Potter,  Uldham, 
Hartley,Moo re,  Hutchinson,  Koberts,He)np- 

■     hill,  Lipscomb,  Ochiltree,    Hansford,  Sher- 
man, Dallam.    J.  H.Stephens,  Dem.,  15.942. 

XIV.  Bexar,  Comal,  Kendall,  Bandera,  Kerr, 
Gillespie,  Blanco,  liuruet,  Llano,  Mas'in, 
INIcCuUoch,  San  Saba,  Lampasas.  Mills, 
Brown.    James  L.  Shiyden,   Dem.,  12,369. 

XV.  Cameron,  Hidalgo,  Starr,  Zapata,  Webb, 
Duval,  Nueces,  San  Patricio,  Live  Oak, 
Atascosa,  Wi:son,  Guadalr.pe,  McMnllen, 
La  Salle.  Dimmit,  Maverick,  Zavala,  Frio, 
Medina,'Uval(1e,  Kinney,  Val  Verde.  .1.  N. 
Garner,  Dem., 10.423;  R.W,  Tiloore,  Ilep.,5  154. 

XVI.  El  Paso,  .left"  Davis,    Presidio,    Brewster, 


TEXAS— Ccmftw?(€d. 


Pecos,  Crockett,  Sciileicher,  Sutton,  Vj\ 
wards,  Kimble,  Menard,  Concho,  Tom 
Green,  Irion.  Upton,  Crane,  V»'ard,  Beeves, 
Loving,  Winkler.  Ecor,  Midland,  Glass- 
cock, Sterling,  Coke,  ilunnels,  Eastland,  Cal- 
lahan, Taylor,  Nolan,  Mitchell,  Howard, 
Martin,  Andrews,  Gaines,  Daw.son,  Borden, 
Scurry,  Fi.sher,  Jones,  Shackelford,  Steph- 
ens, Palo  Pinto,  Haskell,  Stonewall,  King, 
Kent,  Garza,  Crosby,  Lubbock,  T^ynn,  Terry, 
Yoakum.  Cochran,' Hockley.  W.  11.  Smith, 
Dem.,  15,792 

PRESKXT  STATK   GOVERXMEXT. 

Governor,  T.  M.  Campbell;  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, A.  W.  Davidson;  Secretarj-.of  State,  L.  T. 
Dashiell ;  Treasurer,  Sjim  Sparks;  Comptroller, 
.lohn  W.  Stephens;  Superintendent  of  Public  In- 
struction, 11.  H. Cousins;  Land  Commissioner,  J.  J. 
TerreU;  Adjutant-General,  J.  O.  Newton,  At- 
torney-General, K.  V.  Davidson— ail  Democrats. 

JUDICIARY.  ~- 

Snpreme  Court:  Chief  Justice, TleubenB,.  Gaines; 
Associate  Justices,  Thomas  .1.  Brown  and  F.  A. 
Williams;  Clerk,  F.  T.  Conuerly— all  Democrats. 

STATE  LEOTST-ATlTRi:,  1905. 

Stna/e.     JTrnmr.    Joint  Rnllot. 

Democrats 31  130  161 

Pi.epublicans 2  2 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 


1872. 
1876. 

1880. 
1884. 

1888. 


Pres.. 
Pres. . 
Pres. . 
Pres.. 
Pres. , 


Dem. 
66,455 

104,755 
156.428 
22.^,309 

234,883 


Jiep. 

47,426 

44,800 

57,893 

93.141 

88,422 


18^2.  Pres.. 
1894.  Conip 
18i<P.  Gov.. 


Gr. 


27,405 
3,321 

Pop. 
99,688 


239,1!8    81,444 
216,240  i62.r);5  149,8.57 
jJ»l,><«a    r-P.-Si'.'*  Jr>9,2iJ4 


Pro. 


3,5.-58 
4,749 

2,165 

2,2(9 


Men: 

19,029  D 

59.955  D 

*98.535  D 

*132.1(>8  D 

*146,461  D 

*  109 .460  D 
*n6.;ia3  i> 
'$85668  D 


Dem.-Pop.  Eer>,     iV.  D. 

1896.  Pres.  ..  370,434  167,520  5,046 

l)pni.     J^op. 

1898.  Gov . . .  285,074  132  348  .... 

Ji'i).  Pop. 

1900.  Pres...  267,337  121.173  2u,976 
I9t)2.  Gov  ...  269,676    65,706    12.387 

1W4.  Pres...  167,200    51,242  8,u62 

*  Plurality,    t  United  vote  for  two  candidates, 
tindepeudent  Republican. 

UTAH. 


P)0. 

1,786 

•202,914  D 

Pio. 
2.644 
8,768 
4,292 

152,726  D 

*146,164  D 
*203,976  D 
*105,958  D 

Counties. 

(27.) 


Beaver 

Box  Elder. 

Cach6 

Carbon 

Davi.s 

Emery 

Garfield.... 

Grand 

Iron 

Juab 

Kane 

Millard 

Morgan 

Piute.  

llich 

Salt  Lake.. 


I'HESIDEM, 

1904. 

Parker 

Koose 

Deiii- 

velt, 

llt-p. 

593 

869 

1,151 

2,4001 

2,948 

4.008 

5(j8 

1,244 

,225 

1,657 

583 

905 

252 

679 

165 

262 

442 

741 

1.  206 

1,493 

102 

399 

683 

1,001 

315 

492 

228 

358 

240 

439 

8,389 

20,665 

Counties. 


,San  Juan. .. 

I  San  Pete 

jSevier 

jSummit 

Tooele 

lUintah 

jUtah   

1  Wasatch 

I  Washington 

Wayne 

i  Weber 


Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent 

WJiolevote 


Pkesidknt, 
la04. 


Parker 
Dem. 


36 

1,741 
930 

1,358 
639 
630 

4,243 
65b 
761 
251 

3,108 


Uoose- 
\elt, 
Kep. 

135 

3.829 

1.72J 

2.232 

1,2^9 

<53 

6,490 

1.042 

718 

310 

6.3;!1 


33,413  62.446 
.,      29.033 
32  87'  61.44 
101,624 


For  President  in  1904,  Debs, Soc,  received  5,767 
votes. 

The  vote torPresideut in  1900 was:  Bryan,  Dem., 
45,006;  McKinlev.  Rep.,  47,139;  Woolle^-,  Pro., 209; 
Debs,  Soc.  ,720;  Mallonej',  Soc.  L.  ,lo6. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  James  IT. 
Movie,  Dem.,  38,047;  John  C.  Cntler,  Rep.,  50.837; 
Josepli  Kaun'mau,  Soc,  4,892;  William  M.Ferry, 
American,  7,959. 

The  vote  for  Representative  in  Congress,  1906, 
was:  O.  W.  Powers,  Dem., 27,021;  .lo.seph  Howell, 
Rep.,  42,.566:  W.  H.  Schock,  Soc,  3,010;  Ogde;i 
Hile.s,  American,  11,411. 

f         PRESENT  STATE  GOVERNMEXT. 

Governor,  Jolin  C.  Cutler;  Secretary  of  State, 
C.  S.  Tingey;  Treasurer.  James  Christian.sen; 
Auditor.  J."  A.  Edwards:  Adjutant-Geijeral, 
Ey.  A.  Wedgwood;  Attorney-General,  M.  A.  Bree- 
(]en\  Superintendent  of  Education,  A.  C.Nelson; 
Commissioner  of  Insurancej  Secretary  of  Slate, 
ex- offl<iiG—a.\\  Republicans. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice  ,Wm.  ]M."Mr'"'arty, 
Rep. ;  Justices,  Daniel  N.  Straup  and  J .  E.  I  rick  ; 
Cierk,  H.  W,  Grillith,  Rep. 

STATE  I.EC4ISL,ATURE,  1907. 

Spnate:  Republicans,  18;  total,  18. 
House   of  Representatives:  Democrats,  7;  Re- 
publicans, 38;  total,  45. 

VERPrSONT. 


GOVERNOK, 

Prksidknt, 

19U0. 

1904. 

Counties. 
(14.) 

Clem- 
pnt, 

Proc- 
tor, 

son, 

Sulli- 
van, 

Parker 
Dem. 

Itoose- 

ve  t. 

F.-D. 

Hep. 

Pro. 

65 

Soc. 

K,-p. 

Addison 

1,122 

3.531 

18 

366 

3,146 

Bennington    . 

O    OJJ 

2,180 

27 

27 

745 

2,419 

Caledonia 

1.4>58 

3.027 

71 

16 

58tl 

2,944 

Chittenden.... 

3,329 

4,089 

66 

31 

1,432 

3,848 

Essex 

853 

862 

9 

2 

233 

750 

Franklin 

2, 355 

3,221 

81 

5 

881 

2,522 

Grand  Isle 

317 

523 

r 

5 

1(19 

343 

Lamoille 

795 

1.742 

60 

7 

296 

L521 

Orange 

i.r.oi 

2.547 

63 

17 

587 

'  2.259 

Orleans  .  ,i,j,i 

»59 

a.m 

59 

i; 

m>i 

g,i>«j« 

742 


JElection  Returns. 


YERislO'ST—Cuntimied. 


Counties. 


Kiulaud 

Washington. 

Windham 

Windsor  .... 

Total 

Plurality  ..  . 

Percent    

iScattering:. .. 

Wliole  vote 


UOVKRNOU. 
19U6. 


Presipe.nt, 
1904. 


Clem- 

ent, 

F.-D. 

~iA50 
3.389 
1,940 
2,509 


Proc- 
tor, 
Rep. 

"5^769 
3.H24 
3,451 
4.343 


26,912  4-2, 332 

..     115,420 

38.18)  60.05 


Han- 
son, 
Pro. 

^57 
97 
52 
39 


7.S3 
'.'98 


Sulli- 
van, 
Sol-. 

23 
143 
142 

67 


512 

'.'79 


70,489 


Parker 
L>eiu. 


1.367 

1,247 

809 

797 


Roose- 
Vcl  t, 
He).. 


5,772 
3,807 
3,735 

4,830 


9,777  40, 459 
30.68:^ 


18.84 


77.97 


1,652 

51,'<88 


The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Porter, 
T>em.,  16,566;  Bell,  Kf^p,  48,115;  Morse,  Soc,  769; 
Cummings,  Pro.,  1.175.    ,  . 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1902  was:  McGettrick, 
Dem.,  7.364;  McCnllongh,  Kep.,  31,864;  Clement, 
Tnd  License  Rep.,  received  28,201  votes;  Sher- 
bourue,  Pro.,  2,498. 

VOTE  FOB  BEPRESENTATIVES  IX  CONGRESS,  1906. 
J)ixtyic(S. 

I.  Counties  of  Addison,  Bennington,  Chittenden, 

Franklin, (irand  Isle, Lamoille, and  llutland. 
F.dwni  H.Clilt,  Deni.. 8.957;  David  J.  Foster, 
Rep.,  20,660;  W.  G.  Schofield,  Pro.,327. 

II.  Counties  of  Caledonia,  Essex,  Orange, Orleans, 

Washington.  Windliani, and  Windsor.  John 
H.  Sentor,  Deni.,  8,157;  Kittredire  Haskins, 
3{op.,  20,738:  C.  15.  Wilson,  Pro.,  816;  J.  W. 
Dunbar.  Soc, 364. 

PRESE>fT  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  Fletcher  D.  Proctor;  Lieutenant- 
Governor,  George  n.  Prouty;  ^cc  retary  of  State, 
Fred'n  G.  Fleetvvod;  Treasurer,  Kdward  H. 
Deavitt;  Auditor,  Horace  F.  Graham;  Attorney- 
<'eneral,  Clark  C.  Fitts;  Superintendent  of  Kdii- 
cation.  Mason  S.  Srone;  Coiiimissioner  of  Insur- 
ance. K.  H.  Deavitt,  and  F.  G.  Fleetwood— all 
Republicans. 

Ji:r>iciARV. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  .Tiistice,  John  W.  Powell; 
A'^sistant  Justices,  I.ovehiud  Munson,  .John  H. 
Watson,  Willard  W.  Mills,  Jas.  :m.  Tyler,  Seneca 
Hazelton,  George  M.  Powers;  Clerk,  if.  E.  Smilie 
—all  Republicans,  e.xcept  Hazelton. 

STATE  LEGTST.ATURE,  1906. 

Senate.  Honxe.  Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 30  199  229 

Democrats 35  35 

Independents 6  6 

Tnd.  Democi'ats 1  1 

Citizens 3  3 

Prohibition ...  1 


Republican  majority..  30 


VOTE  OF  THE 

Bern. 

1?72.  Pres 10,927 

1S76.  Pres 20,350 

1.H80.  Pres 18,316 

1884.  Pres 17,331 

\^^%.  Pres 16,788 

l-<9<t.  (^ov 19.290 

1>>2.  Pres 16,325 


1S94.  Gov... 
1896.  Pres... 


..  14,142 
..  10,637 


1900.  Gov.  ... 

1900.  Pres 

1902.  Gov 

1904.  Pres 

1906.  Gov 

*  Majority. 


..  17.129 
..  12.849 
..  7.,S64 
..  9,777 
..  26,912 


STATE 

Rep. 

41,481 

44,428 

45, .567 

39..")14 

45,192 

3:^.462 

37,992 

42,663 

51,127 

48,441 
42  ,.568 
31,864 
40,4.59 
42,332 


154 

STNC 

Gh 


184 

E  1872. 
Pro.     Plu. 


785 


Pop. 
740 

N.D. 
1,331 
Soc.  D. 
567 


859 
512 


*.S0.554  R 

*24.078  R 

*27,251  R 

1,752 

22,183  R 

1,460 

28,404  H 

1.161 

14.163  R 

1,415 

21,669  R 

457    28,521  R 
733    40,490  R 


950 
368 
2,498 
792 
733 


31,.312  R 
29,719  R 
24.500  R 
30,6.82  R 
15,420  R 


VIRGINIA. 


Counties 

AND  Ctties. 

(118.) 


Acconiac 

Albemarle... . 
Alexandria  C. 
AlexandriaCo 

Alleghany 

Amelia 

Amherst 

Appomattox. 

Augiisia 

Bath 

Bedford 

Bland 

Botetourt.  .. 
Bristol  City.. . 
Brunswick  . . . 

Buchanan 

Buckingham  . 
Buena  Vista  ( 

Campbell 

Caroline 

Carroll 

CliarlesCity. . 

Charlotte 

Charlotte.sv'lt 
Chesterfield.  , 

Clarke 

Craig 

Culpeper 

Cumberland. 

Danville 

Dickenson 

Dinwiddie 

Eiizabeih  C'y 

Essex 

Fairfax 

Fauquier 

Floyd  

Fluvanna  

Franklin 

Frederick 

Fredericksb'g 

Giles 

Gloucester 

Goochland  . . . 

Gray  .sou 

Greene 

Greenesville.. 

Halifa.x 

Hanover 

Henrico 

Henry 

Highland 

Isle  of  Wight. 
James  City ... 
King  George.. 
King  and  Q'n. 
King  William 

Lancaster 

Lee 

Loudoun 

Louisa 

Lunenburg . . 
Lynchburg  C 

Madison 

Manchestei-. . 

Mathews 

Mecklenburg 
INIiddlesex.. . 
I^fontgomery 
Nansemoud... 

Nelson 

New  Kent... 
Norfolk  City , 
Norfolk  Co... 
NewportN'ws 
Northampton 
Nnrth'mber'd 
isolloway, 


GOVKENOB. 

1905. 

Sw.-.n- 

son, 

Lewis, 

Dein. 

Kep. 

1,263 

308 

1,013 

262 

270 

151 

272 

171 

688 

642 

311 

77 

825 

99 

608 

94 

1,235 

863 

281 

174 

1,190 

393 

401 

413 

833 

743 

380 

132 

594 

156 

462 

491 

654 

488 

159 

63 

484 

149 

.578 

240 

1,130 

1,302 

127 

O'-J 

648 

217 

134 

505 

134 

416 

68 

375 

191 

849 

269 

444 

82 

79(1 

86 

671 

703 

478 

I3t) 

519 

181 

417 

147 

784 

298 

1,212 

424 

477 

932 

468 

144 

1,266 

1,025 

532 

230 

438 

134 

839 

557 

574 

109 

344 

275 

918 

1,111 

323 

338 

422 

117 

1,553 

452 

580 

198 

713 

195 

979 

570 

247 

264 

656 

99 

131 

61 

332 

218 

429 

153 

382 

221 

676 

110 

756 

1,027 

1,396 

413 

691 

241 

464 

68 

844 

270 

579 

327 

2.54 

39 

514 

182 

1,232 

317 

379 

182 

787 

7.33 

778 

1;55 

819 

223 

141 

91 

2,393 

414 

1,753 

1,0.30 

1,000 

507 

630 

168 

480 

207 

464 

104 

Pebsidkmt, 
1904. 


Koose" 

velt, 

Dem. 

Kep. 

1,517 

256 

782 

665 

1,069 

309 

738 

187 

157 

99 

320 

76 

878 

177 

684 

93 

1,584 

1,096 

325 

239 

1,300 

560 

339 

407 

818 

664 

297 

133 

593 

149 

307 

561 

596 

405 

125 

79 

674 

158 

5'Jl 

317 

874 

1,265 

129 

78 

517 

211 

391 

71 

597 

151 

444 

67 

335 

161 

798 

209 

334 

50 

836 

101 

577 

684 

406 

119 

600 

211 

430 

213 

774 

422 

1,215 

.%7 

460 

1,012 

394 

135 

1,166 

874 

868 

316 

362 

124 

721 

588 

473 

173 

298 

273 

867 

1,054 

214 

311 

366 

loo 

1,198 

594 

527 

261 

892 

248 

718 

422 

304 

352 

585 

lb3 

98 

34 

279 

188 

390 

134 

30-1 

195 

350 

93 

780 

1,329 

1.569 

442 

514 

296 

433 

96 

995 

292 

538 

292 

285 

66 

467 

119 

1,021 

296 

416 

1.51 

660 

725 

678 

186 

847 

269 

127 

75 

2,559 

4,57 

1 ,345 

977 

744 

3351 

692 

310 

632 

225 

470 

86 

Swa!- 
low, 
Pro. 

59 

38 

7 

4 


1 

60 
1 

77 
6 

26 

11 
4 

7 
6 
8 
6 
3 
1 
11 

11 

22 
17 

o 

M 

38 
1 
1 
4 
5 
6 
3 
4 

"23 
24 

4 
29 

4 

"  1 
1 

2 

27 

10 

5 

9 

11 

2 
6 


4 

?! 

651 

e! 
10; 


3 

19 

18 
1 

40 
3 
2 
1 

31 
9 

20 
9 


Debs, 
Soc. 


13 


1 

"  1 

■*23 
11 
35 

•  •• 

-••i 


Election  Itetur?i.s. 


VlRGiyHA—^jntinw^d. 


GOVKU.NOR, 

1905. 


COUNTIKS 

AMD  Cities. 


PHESIIiENr, 

1904. 


Oraiige 

Page 

Patrick 

Petersburg. 

Pittsylvania. . . 
Portsmouth  . . 

Powhatan 

Prince  PMward 
Prince  C^eorge. 
Prince  William 
Princess  Anne. 

Pulaski 

Radford  Cit.v... 
Rappahannock 
Richmond  City 
Richmond  Co.'. 
Roanoke  City.. 

Roanoke  Co 

Rockbridge 

Rockingham  .. 

Rus.sell 

Scott 

Shenandoah  ... 

Smyth 

Southampton. 
Spottsylvauia.. 

Stafford 

Staunton  

Surry 

Sus«ex 

Tazewell 

Warren 

Warwick 

Washington  . .. 
Westmoreland 
Williamsburg.. 
Winchester.  . .. 

Wise 

Wythe 

York 


Swau- 
6on, 
J>f  111. 


742 

1,024 

841 

880 

2,101 

963 

234 

530 

198 

535 

726 

793 

243 

467 

3,038 

406 

l,:i57 

653 

939 

1,640 

1,097 

1,303 

1,285 

913 

975 

409 

463 

507 

389 

389 

733 

485 

211 

1.443 

335, 

151 

297 

810 

1,035 

235! 


75 

143 

157 

769 

104 

115 

374 

187 

455 

411 

779 

1,445 

1,326 

1,656 

1,325 

1,191 

138 

2.52 

486 

244 

106 

123 

1,256 

137 

78 

1,512 

181 

43 

168 

1,441 

1,366 

58 


['.i-kei 
Dem. 


Total  ... 
Plurality. 
Percent. ., 
Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


83,544  45,795 

. ...  37, 749!      . . 
64.36'  35.  28 
453 
129.792 


568: 
741; 
737 
924 

1,718; 

1,151' 
240! 
576 
189 
724 
420 
732, 
184 
400 

3,749 
377 

1,268 
6Hti[ 

l,603l 
987 

l,164l 

1.098: 
848 
924: 
330 : 
301, 
458' 
323 
253 
803 
540 
108 

l,344i 
392 
103J 
3941 
897 

1,065 
186i 


IJoose- 
I  velt, 
'  H.p. 

201 

804 

616 

144 

650 

247 

156 

101 

92 

228 

109 

764 

100 

151 

569 

185 

506 

427 

911 

1,441 

1,396 

1,773 

1,189 

1.312 

260 

237 

384 

162 

154 

93 

1,462 

151 

71 

1,872 

lei 

37 

146 

l,572i 

1,384 

69: 


Swal- 

I'^W, 

Pro. 

"To 

12: 

7! 

6 
41 
18 
1 
2 
1 
5 

4 

3 

32 

*24 
44 
10 
85 

7 
12 
27 
10 
11 
11 

5 
30 

9 

■  4 

11 
1 

12 
2 
2 

13 

n 
4 

4 

-^ 

1,3831 


Debs, 

Sue. 


80.64847.880 
32. 768,     . .     i 
61.97136.67     1.051 
415 
130,-544 


20 
2 

'30 


6 
1 

218 
6.16 


For  Goveruer  1905,  Downey,  Soc,  received  453 
votes. 

For  President  in  1904,  Watson,  Pop.,  received 
359  votes;  Corrigan,  Soc.  L.,  56. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1901  was:  Montague, 
Dem.,  116,682;  Hoge,  Rep.,  81,366;  Ilucker,  Pro., 
1,896;  Quantz,  Soc,  280;  McTier.28.5. 

For  President  in  1900,  Woolley,  Pro.,  received 
2,150  votes. 

VOTK  F'OR  REPKESEXTATIVES  in  CONGRK.SS,  1906. 

Dixtricts.  • 

I.  Counties  of  Accomac,  Carolina,  Kssex,  Glou- 

cester, King  and  Queen,  Jiancaster,  Mat- 
thews. Middlesex,  Northampton,  Northum- 
berland, Richmond,  Spottsylvauia,  West- 
moreland, and  the  City  of  Fredericksburg. 
SVm.  A.  Jones,  Dem.,  5,773;  R.  S.  Bristmv, 
Rep.,  1,294. 

II.  Counties  of  Charles  City,  Elizabeth  City,  Isle 

of  Wight,  .Tames  City,  Nansemond,  Norfolk, 
Princess  Anne,  Southampton.  Surry,  War- 
wick, York,  and  the  cities  of  Norfolk.  Ports- 
mouth. Williamsburg,  and  Newport  News. 
Harry  L.  Maynard,  Dem.,  4,358 ;  Floyd 
Hughs,  Rep.,  1.489. 

III.  Counties  of  Chesterfield.  Goochland,  Han- 
over, Henrico,  King  William.  New  Kent, 
and  the  cities  of  Richmond  and  Manchester. 
.John  Lamb,  Dem.,  3,908;  George  A.  Hanson, 
Rep.,  639. 

IV.  Counties  of  Amelia,  Brunswick,  Dinwiddle. 

Greeuesville.  Lunenburg,  Mecklenburg.  Xot- 
toway,  Powhatan,  Prince  Edward,  Prince 
George,  Susse.x,  and  the  City  of  Petersburg, 
f  raucis  R.  Lassiter,  Dem.,  2,615, 


VlRGim  A— Qmtinited. 

V.  Counties  of  Carroll,  Floyd,  Franklin. Graj'son. 

Henry,  Patrick.  Pittsylvania,  and  the  City 
of  Danville.  E.  W.  S.iiiuders,  Dem.,  6,194; 
John  W.Simmons,  Rep., 5,972. 

VI.  Counties   of   Bedford,   Campbell,  Charlotte, 

Halila.v.  ^fontgomery,  Roanoke,  and  the 
cities  of  Lynchburg.  Radford,  and  Roanoke. 
Carter  Glas.s,  Dem.,  4,060;  C.  A.  Hermans, 
Rep.,  1,336. 

VII.  Countie.s  of  Albemarle.  Clarke,  Frederick, 
Greene,  Madison,  Page,  Rappahannock, 
Rockingham.  Slienandoah,  Warren,  and  tlie 
cities  of  Charlottesville  and  Winchester. 
James  Hay,  Dem.,  5,573;  Fred  E.  Bedcher, 
Rep.,  2,372. 

VIII.  Counties  of  Alexandria,  Culpeper,  Fairfa.\, 
Fauquier,  King  George,  Loudoun,  Louisa, 
Orange,  Priuce  William,  Stafford,  and  the 
City  of  Ale.xaudria.  John  F,  Rixey,  Dem., 
5,059;  John  B.  Henderson,  Re  p.,  962. 

IX.  Counties  of  Bland,  Buchanan,  Craig.  Dicken- 
son, Giles,  r^ee,  Puliiski,  Jiu.ssell.  Scott, 
Smyth, Tazewell,  Washington.  Wise,  Wythe, 
and  the  City  of  J5ristol.  Robert  P.  liruce, 
Dem.,  11,757;  Campbell  Slemp,  Rep.,  13,798. 

X.  Counties  of  Alleghany,  Amhei-st,  Appomat- 

tox, Augusta.  Bath,  Botetourt,  Bucking- 
ham, Cumberland,  Fluvanna.  Highland, 
Nelson,  Rockbridge,  and  the  cities  of  Staun- 
ton and  Buena  Vista.  Hal.  I).  Flood,  Dem., 
5,962;  E.  D.  Gregory,  Rep.,  2,696. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE.  1907. 

Senate.  Ifouse.  Joint  Ballot. 

Democrats 35  86  121 

Independents  and  Re- 
publicans          5  14  19 


Democratic  majority       30 


72 


102 


PRESENT  STATE    GOVERNMEKT. 

Governor,  Claude  A,  Swanson ,  Dnm. ;  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor, J.  T.  Edyson;  Secretary  of  State, 
D.  O.  Eggleston;  First  Auditor,  Morton  Marj'e; 
Second  Auditor,  .Tohn  G.  Dew;  Treasurer,  A.  W. 
Harman,  Jr.  ;  Superintendent  of  Instructions,  J. 
D.Esrgleston;  Attorney-General,  W. A.  Anderson; 
all  Democrats. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court  of  Appeals:  President,  James 
Keith;  Justices,  S.  G.  Whittle.  John  A.  Bu- 
chanan, George  M.  Harrison,  and  Richard  H. 
Cardwell;  Clerk  of  the  Court,  H.  Stewart  Joue.s— 
all  Democrats. 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SIN'CK  1872. 

Dfin.        Rep.    Pop.    Pro.     3fnj. 

1872.  Pres..-        91.654      93,468    1,814  R 

1876.  Pres  . . . .    101,208      76,093    25,115  D 

1880,  Pres....  {gfj^?}  84,020     *31,527  H 

1884.  Pres 145.497  139,356    ....        138      6,141  D 

1885.Gov 152,544    136,510     16,034  D 

1888.  Pres....  l.il,9:7  150,438     ....     1,678    tl.539  D 

1889.Gov 162,654  120,477       ...        897  t42,177  D 

X.D. 

1892.  Pres....  163,977  113,262  12,275  2,738  to0,715  D 

Pop. 

1893.Gov 127,940  ....     81,239  6,962  t39,726  D 

1896.  Pres....  1.54,709  135,368    2,129  2,350  tl9,341  D 

1897.  Gov ....  109,6.">5  56,840  ....  2.743  t52,815  D 
Ii4ii0  Pres....  146,080  115,865  ....  2,150  t30.215  D 
1901,  Gov....  116,682  81.366     ....     1,896     a5.316  D 

1904.  Pres 80.648  47,880     ..    .     1,383     32,768  D 

1905.Gov 83,544    45.795     37,749  D 

*  Hancock's  actual  majority  in  the  State,  the 
Democratic  and  Readjuster  vote  both  being  for 
him.    t  Plurality. 


Ui 


jL'lectio7i  Jieturns. 


WASHINGTON. 


Counties. 
(36.) 


WEST  VIRGINIA. 


Aduius 
Asoliu  ... 
Chehalis  . 
Chelan . . . 
(jlallam 
Clarke 
Columbia 
Cowlitz 
l)oiiglas 

Ferry 

Franklin 

(Jarliekl 

Island 

Jetlersou 

King  . 

Kitsap 

Kittitas 

Klickitat 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Mason 

Okanogan 

Pacific  ... 

Pierce 

San  Juan 

Skagit.... 

Skamania 

Snohomish 

Spokane 

Stevens 

Thurston 

Wahkiakum. 

Walla  Walla. 

Whatcom  . . . 

Whitman 

Yakima 

Total . . , 
Plurality 
Per  cent. 
Scattering. 

Whole  vote 


28, 098  101540 

73,442 

19.65!  69.95 

15,513 

145,151 


44,833157,456 

12,623 

41.'"^|  53.43 

866 
•^       107,524 


For  President  1904:  Soc,  10,023;  Pro.,  3,229;  Soc. 
L.,  1.592;  Pop.,  669. 

For  Governor  1904:  Turner,  Dem., 59,119;  Mead, 
Rep.  ,75,278;  Soc,  7,420;  Pro.,  2,782;  Soc.  L.,  1,070. 

VOTK  FOR  REPKESKNTATIVKS  IN  COXGRKSS,  1906. 

Eshleman,  Dem.,  30,369;  Byrne,  Dem.,  30,689; 
Blackman,  Dem.,  31,811  ;  Cushman,  Pep..  71,921; 
Jones,  Rep.,  71.656;  Humphrey,  Rep.,  71,353:  Her- 
man, Soc,  8,431  ;  Barkly,  Soc,  8,420;  Wageu- 
knecht,  Soc,  8,361. 

PRESENT  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  A.E.  ]Mead,  Hep.;  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, Charles  JE.Coon  ;  Secretary  ot  State,  S.  H. 
Nichols,  Rep.;  Treasurer,  G.  Y.  Mills,  Rep.; 
Auditor, C.  W.  Clausen,  Rep.;  Adjutant-General, 
Ortis Hamilton, Rep.;  Attornej'-General, J.  D.At- 
kinson, Rep. ;  Com.  Public  Lands,  E.  W.Ross, Rep. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Wallace  Mount; 
Associate  Justices,  R.  O.  l>unhar,  H.  D.  Crow,M. 
A.  FuUerton,  F.H.Rudkin,  Milo  A.  Root,  H.  E. 
Hadley— all  Reps. ;  Clerk,  C.  S.  Reinhart. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senale.   Jlonxe.   Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 38  86  124 

Democrats 4  9  13 

Republican  majority    .34  77  111 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  ADMISSION. 


1889. 
1892. 


Governor 
President 


1896.  President. 


Dem. 
.24,732 
.29,802 
Pus. 
.51,646 


1900.  President.. 44,833 

1904.  President.  .28,098  101,540 


Rep. 
33,711 
36,460 

39,153 
57,456 


Pop.    Pro. 


19,165 
N.IK 
1,668 


2,542 

968 
2,363 


Mnj. 
8,979  R 
*6,658  R 

•12,493  F 

*12,623  R 

73,442  R 


COONTISS. 

(66.) 


Plurality. 


Bartaoui- 

Berkeley 

Boone 

Braxton 

Brooke 

Cabell 

Calhoun 

Clay 

Doddridge ... 

Fayette 

Gilmer 

Grant 

Greenbrier. . . 
Hampshire  . . 

Hancock 

Hardy 

Harrison 

Jack.son 

Jelier,son 

Kanawha 

Lewis 

Lincoln  

Logan 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mason 

INIercer 

Mineral 

Mingo 

INIonougalia. . 

IMonroe 

JMorgau   

McDowell 

Nicholas 

Ohio 

Pendleton 

Pleasants 

Pocahontas. . . 

Preston . . 

Putnam 

Raleigh 

Randolph  

Ritchie 

Roane 

.Summers 

Taylor 

Tucker 

Tyler 

Upshur 

Waj'iie 

Webster 

Wetzel 

Wirt...? 

Wood 

Wyoming 

Total 

Plurality 

Per  cent  

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


Presidkbix, 
ly04. 


Parker 
Dem. 

X585 
2,488 

912 
2,324 

742 
3,19;J 
1,337 
1,058 
1,076 
3,295 
1,435 

312 
2,573 
1,878 

508 
1,234 
2,921 
2,122 
2,556 
5,756 
1,621 
1,586 
1,123 
3,76 
2,115 
2,125 
2,32 
1,397 
1,652 
1,596 
1,503 

576 
1,676 
1,398 
5,128 
1,169 

945 
1,130 
1,242 
1,566 
1,394 
2,474 
1,393 
1,863 
1,937 
1,466 
1,134 
1,332 

826 
2,449 
1,208 
2,833 
1.098 
3,741 

791 


100855 
42.' 05 


Roose- 

Swai 

velt, 

low, 

Rt?p. 

Pro. 
56 

1,«63 

2,548 

93 

784 

16 

2,176 

62 

1,130 

54 

3,776 

11« 

1.125 

16 

l,02.i 

59 

1,773 

48 

6,509 

336 

1,080 

55 

1,298 

22 

2,296 

45 

700 

18 

1,009 

69 

638 

4 

5,075 

369 

2,595 

28 

1,308 

50 

8,854 

205 

2,130 

191 

2,080 

51 

570 

22 

4,774 

207 

3,923 

246 

2,983 

31 

3,637 

62 

1,802 

57 

1,607 

14 

3,187 

113 

1,486 

10 

1,097 

31 

5,222 

36 

1,416 

7,769 

127 

926 

17 

1,130 

29 

1,167 

49 

3,935 

87 

2,162 

54 

1,848 

100 

1,893 

85 

2,922 

199 

2,294 

53 

1,702 

29 

2,2,S8 

79 

1,800 

loo 

2,307 

183 

2,406 

103 

2,363 

35 

881 

2,494 

114 

1,134 

30 

4,969 

133 

1,093 
132620 

13 

4,599 

31.765 

55.31 

i.84 

Debs, 
Soc. 


PRESlnENT, 

1900. 


191 

■■  6 
154 


21 

1 
1 

290 
13 

2 

9 

58 

171 

24 

19 

22 

1 

26 


381 

■■  2 
1 

63 
5 
5 
2 

12 

'"l9 
1 

40 


47 

1 

49 


1,573 
6.67 


Uep. 

T840 

2,506 

767 

1,894 

1,001 

3,6ii7 

946 

902 

1,893 

5,404 

1,117 

1,355 

1,870 

659 

863 

596 

3,918 

2,840 

1,207 

7,249 

1,9.3 

1,712 

423 

4,;-.,l 

3.  :'0 

■^.:,  2 

2.     9 
1,^    I 

8;-8 

[2,9.8 
i,5.)6 
1,(91 
3, .61 

l,(r,l 

7.(  '.13 

H27 
1,203 

793 
3,800 
2,118 
1,385 
1,771 
2, .512 
2,156 
1,751 
2,092 
1,694 
2,514 
2,401 
2,258 

797 
2,083 
1,235 
4,808 

898 


239,780 


1,579 
2,287 

956 
2,103 

717 
3,251 
1,268 

718 
1,222 
3,2,30 
1,410 

367 
2,455 
2,023 

564 
1,292 
2,678 
2,194 
2,727 
4,736 
1,702 
1,487 

985 
3.612 
2,132 
2.460 
2,112 
1,241 
1,363 
1,576 
1,532 

586 
1,218 
1,254 
5,394 
1,1.57 
1,085 
1,000 
1,323 
1,676 
1,126 
2,154 
1,571 
2,066 
1,822 
1,416 
1.199 
1,830 

865 
2,654 
1,147 
2,664 
1.156 
3,700 

764 


98,807  119829 

..      21,022 

44.74    54.28 

2  234 

226^870 


For  President,  1904,  Watson,  Pop. ,  had  337  votes. 

VOTE  FOR  STATE  OFFICERS,  1904. 

For  Governor:  John  Corn  well,  Dem.,  112,457;  W, 
M.  O.  Dawson,  Rep.,  121,540;  J.  W.  Bedford,  Pro., 
3,999;  J.  M.  Eskey,  Soc. ,  1,279.  Dawson's  plurality, 
9,083. 

For  President  in  1900, Woolley,  Pro.,  received 
1,692  votes;  Debs,  Soc,  268;  Barker,  Pop.,  274. 

VOTE  FOR  REPRESENTATIVES  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

Districts. 

I.  Countiesof  Brooke, Hancock,  Harrison, Lewis, 
Marshall,  Ohio,  and  Wetzel,  T.  S.  Riley, 
Dem.,  15,315;  W.  R.  Hubbard,  Rep.,  19,362; 
Pierce,  Pro.,  1,484;  Hibbs,  Soc,  739.  ^ 


'Election  Returns, 


745 


\VEST  VIRGINIA— Co??//?)?Jcrf. 

II.  Counties  of  Barbour,  Berkele.y,  errant,  Hamp- 

shire, Hardy,  JeHersou,  Marion,  Mineral, 
Monongalia,  jNIorgan,  Peurlleton,  Preston, 
Randolph,Tavlor,  Tucker,  M.H.Dent.Dem., 
16,752;  G.  C.  Stuigis,  Kep„  20,384;  Dadisman, 
Pro.,  173;  Ward,  Hoc,  727. 

III.  Counties  of  Clay,  Fayette,  Greenbrier,  Kan- 
awha, Monroe,  Nicholas,  Pocahontas,  Sum- 
mers,Upshur,  Webster.  George  Brine, I>em., 
15,482;  J.  H.  Gaines,  Rep.,  19,S88;  JNIout- 
gomer\', Pro.,  1,339;  Swinhourne, Soc.,974. 

IV.  Counties   of     Calhoun,    Jackson,    Pleasants, 

Ritchie.  Roane,  Wirt,  Wood,  Braxton.  Dodd- 
ridge, Gilmer,  and  Tvler.  G.W.  Hardman, 
Dem.,  13,637;  H.  r.  Woodvard,  Rej) ,  16,310; 
Johnson,  Pro.,   712;    Kirkendall,    Soc.  512; 

V.  Countiesof  Cabell,  Lincoln,  Mason, McDowell, 

Mercer. Putnam,  Raleigh,  Wyomins:,  Wayne, 
Boone, Min£:o, and  Loi^fan.  .T.'TT.lMiller,  Deni., 
15,971;  J.  A.Hughes. Rep.  ,22,395;  Morris, Pro., 
362;  Barriuger,  Soc,  213. 

PRE.SKNT   STATK  GOVKRNMENT. 

(4overnor,Wm.M. O.  Dawson;  Secretarycf  f^tate, 
Chas.  W.  Swisher;  Treasurer,  Newton  Og<lin  ; 
Auditor,  A.  C.  Schorr;  Attorney-General, Ciaik 
W.  May;  Superintendent  of  Schools,  T.  C.  JNIiller; 
Adjutant-General,  N.  S.  Burlew— all  Republicans. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  :  President,  William 
I\r.  Miller,  Rep.;  Associate  Justices,  Henry  Bran- 
non.  Rep.  ;  .T.  George  Pofienbarger,  Rep.  ;  Henry 
f.  McWhorter,  Rep.;  Ira  E.  Robinson,  Rep.; 
Clerk,  W.  B.  Mathews,  Rep. 

STATE  LKGLSLATURE,  1907. 

Senate.  Ifortse.  Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 25  60  85 

Democrats 5  25  80 

Prohibition 1  1 


Republican  majority.    20  34  54 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 


1872. 
1876. 
1880. 

1884. 


President 
President 
President 
President 


1888.  President. 
1892.  President. 


1896. 
1896. 
1900. 
1900. 
1904. 


Governor  . 
President . 
Governor.. 
President. . 
President., 


Bnn. 

.29,537 
.56,565 
.57,391 
.67,317 

.78,677 

.84,467 

,  93.974 

,  92.927 

100,226 

98,807 

100,850 


Bep. 
32.283 
42,001 
46,243 
63,096 
I 
78,171 

80,293 

105,477 
104,414 

118,80* 
119,829 
132,608 


Gr.     Pro. 


9,079 

805 

'  Lab. 

1,508 

Pop. 

4,166 

N.  D. 

'677 


939 

1,084 

2,145 

1,054 
1,203 
1,373 
1,692 
4,413 


Ifaj. 

2,746  R 

14.564  D 

*11,148  D 

*4,221  D 

506  D 

4.174  D 

Pin. 
11,503  R 
11,487  R 
18,581  R 
21.022  R 
31,758  R 


Plurality. 


WISCONSIN. 


COUNTIBS. 

(70.; 


I'arker 
Uem. 


Adams  ...  . . 

Ashland 

Barron 

Bayfield 

Brown 

Buffalo 

Burnett 

Calumet 

Chippewa  . . 

Clark 

Columbia . 
Crawford .  . 

Dane 

Dodge , 

Door 

Douglas .  . . 

I)nnii 

JittU  Clajre. 


Pkhsiiibnt, 

1904.      ■ 


Roose- 
velt, 
Jtep. 

T,399 
3,406 
3,575 
2,665 
6,027 
2,147 
1,26:! 
1,736 
o,744 
4,01^1 
4,732 
2,281 

11, 041 
4,248 
2,689 
4,-564 
3,303 
4,343 


Swal- 
low, 
Pro. 

47 
116 
242 

77 
l!;8 

64 

54 

3o 
141 
1S3 
204 

57 
417 
133 

72 
130 1 
123 1 
155 


Debs; 

Soc. 

~~29 

235 

103 
32 

S2:t 
1') 
31 

llii 
59 
79 

158 
31 

242 
67 
33 

549 
83 

196 


wiscox^siN — a>?i<i?M<cd. 


Counties. 


Florence  . . .  . 
Fond  du  Lac. 

Forest 

Grant 

Green 

Green  Lake. . 

Iowa 

Iron 

Jackson  

.len'er.son 

Juneau 

Kenosha 

Kewanee . 

La  Cros.se. ... 
I-a  Fayette  . . 

I..anglade 

Lincoln  

ISIanitowoc  . . 
Marathon  . . .  . 

-Marinette 

Marquette 

Milwaukee  . 

Monroe 

Oconto 

Oneida 

Outagamie 

Ozaukee  

Pepin 

Pierce  

Polk 

Portage 

Price , 

Racine 

Richland . 

Rock , 

Rusk 

St.  Croix 

Sauk 

Sawyer 

Shawano 

Sheboygan . . . 

Taylor • 

Trempealeau 

Vernon 

Vilas , 

Walworth  . . . 
W^ashburn  ... 
Washington  . 
Waukesha  .  . 
Waupaca  . . . 
Wau.shara  . . . 
Winnebago  . 
Wood , 

Total 

Plurality 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote, 


CiOVI'  ItNOH. 
190ri. 


AvN 
ward, 
Deni. 

55 

3,779 

113 

2,294 
1,112 

1,302 
1,472 

221 

328 

3,217 

1,100 

1  ,K,;;5 

1,194 

2,584 

1,526 

1,235 

1,047 

2,974 

3,435 

1,006 

I      812 

12,8.56 

1,156 

870 

613 

3,026 

1,664 

261 

342 

182 

1,675 

527 

2,065 

1,035 

1,321 

151 

1.287 

l,o(i9 

229 

738 

3,366 

707 

476 

638 

187 

986 

184 

2,346 

2,431 

607 

212 

3,469 

1,431 

103311 
32  .'28 


Fbbsidbnt, 

lit  04. 


David 
son, 
_Kfp. 

~336 

4,073 

884 
4,249 
1,905 
1,716 
2,63i 
1,025 
1,871 
2,622 
2,406 
^  090 
1,362 
4.259 
2,238 
1,365 
1,652 
3,486 
3,695 
2,658 
1.359 
24,521 
2,334 
1,967 
1,197 
3,794 
1,012 

657 
1,880 
1,566 
2,265 
1,512 
3,547 
2,070 
3,917 
1,049 
2,354 
3,102 

735 
1,850 
4,151 
1,237 
1,901 
3,118 

682 
2,858 

900 
1,972 
3,912 
2,683 
2,074 
5,471 

^8;! 

1835.% 

80.247 

57.36 


33.103 
320,003 


P.arker 
Dem, 

82 

KoOSe- 
velt, 

Kep. 
562 

Swal- 
low, 
Pro. 

"~  8 

Debs, 
Soc. 

5 

4,416 

7,021 

178 

149 

159 

988 

23 

48 

2,888 

5,802 

219 

77 

1.460 

2,990 

219 

139 

1,269 

2,181 

84 

43 

1,640 

3,328 

162 

21 

246 

1,2,50 

25 

16 

479 

2,746 

89, 

26 

3,764 

3,669 

i4r 

96 

1,243 

3,234 

78 

42 

1,.592 

3,307 

77 

440 

1,455 

1,578 

36 

77 

3.086 

5,506 

189 

115 

1,921 

2,875 

106 

28 

1,018 

2,103 

46 

30 

1,004 

2,850 

69 

106 

3,271 

4,626 

93 

687 

3,245 

6,144 

158 

178 

816 

3,977 

144 

195 

747 

1,604 

81 

9 

18,547 

32,587 

935 

18,339 

1,749 

3,892 

145 

35 

1,017 

3,279 

68 

62 

373 

1,710 

44 

130 

3,138 

5,9.51 

33 

113 

1,494 

1,492 

26 

111 

327 

1,033 

29 

3 

594 

3,492 

129 

24 

296 

2,985 

101 

98 

2,168 

3,634 

101 

44 

399 

2,202 

70 

71 

2,584 

5,573 

257 

1,453 

1,340 

2.696 

295 

48 

2,350 

7,972 

316 

458 

1^569 

3",898 

"lie 

108 

1914 

4,805 

842 

62 

204 

782 

29 

13 

1,237 

3,684 

118 

24 

3,430 

6  121 

198 

901 

719 

1,725 

42 

44 

976 

3,560 

156 

10 

758 

4,744 

220 

28 

321 

1.467 

25 

.39 

1,378 

4,892 

263 

135 

207 

989 

31 

48 

2,233 

2,565 

55 

68 

2,686 

5,247 

205 

231 

941 

5,471 

233 

70 

319 

3,140 

96 

25 

4,006 

7,565 

259 

311 

1,674 

4,002 

96 

195 

124107  280164 

9,770 

28,220 

. .  i 15605: 

28.01 

63.24 

2.20 

6.37 

753 
443,014 


For  Governor  in  1906:  Kalon,  Pro.,  received 
8,211  votes;  Gaylord,  Soc.  Dem.,  24,437:  Rosass, 
Soc.  L. ,  455. 

For  President  in  1904,  Walson,  Pop.,  received 
530  votes;  Corrigan,S(jC.  I^.,  223. 

The  vote  for  Governor  in  1904  was:  Peck,  Dem., 
175,263;  La  FoUette,  Itei).,  226,995;  Arnold,  Soc, 
24,116;  Scholiekl,N.  Rep.,  11,920. 

VOTE  FOR  REPBESENTATIVE.S  IN  CONGRESS,  1906. 

Dislvicta. 

I.  Couiiiiesof  Racine,  Kenosha,  Walworth,  Rock, 

(4reen,  La  Favette.  John  J.  Cunningham, 
Dem.,  8.808;  lleury  A.  Cooper,  Rep,,  16,226; 
Moses  Hull,  Soc,  1,504. 

II.  Counties  of  Jefferson,  Dane,  Columbia,  Green, 

Lalce,JNraiquette,  Adams.  George  W.Levis, 
Dem.,  12,881;  John  M.  Nelson,  Rep.,  14.808; 
William  K.  Dibble,  Pro.,  724;  W.  A,  Hall, 
Sr. ,  Soc.  Dem. ,  354. 


746 


Election  Returns. 


WISCONSIN— a>?i/m«ecf. 


IIL  Counties  of  Grant, Crawford,  Richland,  Sauk, 
Juneau,  Vernon,  and  Iowa.  James  W. 
Murpbv,  Dem,,  14,701;  J.  VV.  Babcock, 
Rep, ,  13,690;  Noyes,  Pro. ,  934. 

IV.  County  of  Milwaukee  (part).  Thoma-s  J. 
Fleming,  Dem. .  8,656;  William  F.  Gary, 
Rep.,  12,231;  E.  T.  Xelnes,  Soc. ,  8,759. 

V.  Counties  of  Milwaukee  (part)  and  Waukesha. 

WiUiam  H.  Statrord,  Rep.,  13,948;  Albert  F. 
Welch,  Soc,  8,870. 

VI.  Counties  of  Sheboygan,  Fond  du  Lac,  Dodge, 

Washington,  and  Ozaukee.  Charles  H. 
Weisse,  Dem.,  19,444;  Alvin  Dreger,  Rep., 
10,512;  G.  C.  Darrow,  Soc,  764. 

VII.  Counties  of  Pepin,  Buffalo,  Trempealeau, 
Jackson,  Eau  Claire,  Clark.  Monroe,  and  Jia 
Cros.se.  Charles  F.  Hille,  Dem.,  6,779;  John 
J.  Ksch,  Rep. ,  18,042. 

VIII.  Counties  of  Portage,  Waupaca,  Waushara. 
Winnebago, Calnmet,aud  Manitowoc,  John 
E.  McMullen,  Dem..  9.594;  John  H.  David- 
son, Rep,,  16,986;  John  J.  Pitz,  Soc,  1,103; 
C,  H,  Forward,  Pro.,  700. 

IX.  Counties  of  Brown,  Kewaunee,  Door,  Outa- 

gamie. Wood,  Ocou  to,  and  Marinette.  Phillip 
A.  Badour,  Dein. ,  8.689;  Gustav  Kuester- 
man,  Rep.,  14,080;  J.  E.  Harris,  Soc,  551. 

X.  Co\mtiesof  Iron,  Vilas,  Oneida,  Forest,  Flor- 

ence, Langlade,  Lincoln,  Shawano,  Mara- 
thon, Taylor,  Price,  Ashland,  and  Wood. 
Dennis  D.  Conwaj',  Dem.,  10,653 ;  E.  A.  Morse, 
Rep.,  20.228;  James  I.  Co.xe,  .Soc,  903. 


McGuire,  Dem. ,5,146:  John  J.  Jenkins, Rep., 
19,002;  C.  W.  Swanson,  1.213. 

PRESKNT   STATE  GOVKBNMENT. 

Governor, .r,0.  Davidson;  Lieutenant-Governor, 
W.  D.  Connor;  Secretary  of  State,  James  A.  Frear; 
Treasurer,  Andrew  H,  Dahl;  Adjutant-General, 
Vacant;  Attorney-<^eneral,  Frank  L,  Gilbert; 
Superintendent  of  Education,-  C,  P.  Cary;  Com- 
missioner of  Insurance,  Geo,  E.  Beedle— aU  Re- 
publicans. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  John  B. Cassoday, 
Rep. ;  Associate  Justices, Wm.  H.  Tienlin,  Rep.; 
R,  G,  Siebecker,  Dem.;  J.  E,  Dodge,  Dem,,  and 
Rouiet  D.  Marshall,  l;ep. ;  J.  C,  Kerwin,  Rep.  ; 
Clerk,  Clarence  Kellogg,  Rep.;  John B.  Winslow, 
Dem. 

8TATK  LKGISLATURE,  1907. 

Senate.  Assembly.  Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 27  75  102 

Democrats 5  20  25 

Social  Dem 16  6 

Republican  majority    21  50  71 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 

Dem.       Rep.      Gr.     Pro.    Pin. 

1872.  Pre.sident.  86,477    104,988      18,511  R 

1876.  President. 123,919  130,069  l,,o06  ...  6,150  R 
1880.  President. 114.634  144,397  7,980  ....  29,763  R 
1884.  President.  146,459    161,157     4,598    7,656  14,698  R 

U.  Lnh. 
1888    President.  155^232    176.553     8,.552  144J77  21,321  R 

Pop. 
1892.   President. 177..3.35    170,791     9,909  13,1.32    6,.544  D 
1894.  Govern  or.  142 .250    196,160    25,604  11,240  53,9(10  R 
1896.  President,  165  523    268,1.35      ....    7,.o09  102  612  K 
1898.  Governor.  135,353   173,137  8,577    8,078    37  784  R 

.S'.  /.. 
1900.  Governor. 160,764  264  420  6,590  9,707  10.^,656  R 
1900.  President.  159,285  265,8*^6  524  10  124  106,581  U 
1902.  Governor.  145,818  193.41715,970  9,647  47,.')99  R, 
1904.  President.  124.107  280,164  28,220  9,770  156,057  R 
l?<)6.  Governor.  103,311    183,558  24,43?  8,2U    80,247  R 


WYOMING. 


Counties. 
(13.) 


Albany 

Big  Horn.. .. 

Carbon , 

(Jonverse. ..., 

Crook 

Fremont..  . . 
Johnson  .... 
Laramie .  . . . , 

Natrona 

Sheridan  .... 
Sweetwater. 

Uinta 

Weston , 


Total 

Plnralily. 

Percent 

Scattering 

Whole  vote. 


CiOVSRNOK 
1906. 


Keis- 
ter, 

Dt;iii._ 

767 
881 
731 
417 
363 

1,271 
500 

1.317 
399 
548 
951 

1,075 
263 


Brooks 
llep. 


O'N'll, 
Soc 


,342 
,807 
,579 
.023 
747 
722 
666 
.533 
664 
,010 
,411 
.259 
633 


9,483  16.  .^96 

..     I  6,913 

34.691  59.99 

140 

27,329 


Parker 
Dem. 


204 

43 

4 

89 

1 

49 

21 

14 

74 

125 

201 

464 


1,310 
5.32 


Pkbsidknt, 
1904. 


697 
724 
962 
387 
475 
563 
458 

1,177 
321 

1,066 
464 

1,387 
223 


8.904 
29.05 


Roose- 
velt, 
Hep. 


1,660 
1,987 
2,229 
1,106 

983 
1,007 

726 
3,098 

735 
1.907 
1,476 
2,743 

810 


20,489 

11,559 

66.76 


209 
30.657 


VOTE  FOK    REPRESKXTATrVE    IX    CONGRESS,  1906. 

Itamm,  Dem. ,  9,017;  Frank  W.  Mondell,  Rep., 
16,881 ;  Brow-n,  Soc. 1,310;  Nicodemus,  Pro.,90. 

PRKSEVT   STATK    GOVERNMENT. 

Governor  B.  B.  Brooks  ;Socretary  of  State,  Wm. 
R.  Schnitger;  Treasurer,  Edward  Gillitte;  Aud- 
itor, Leroy  Grant;  Adjutant-General,  P.  A. 
Gatcbell;  Attornej -General,  W.  E.  Mullen; 
Superintendent  of  Education,  A.  D.  Cook— all 
Republicans. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice.  Chas.  N.  Potter; 
Associate  .fustices,  Cyrus  L.  Beard,  Richard  A. 
Scott;  Clerk,  W.  H.  Kelly— all  Republican.s. 

STATE  LEGISLATURE,  1907. 

Sennte.     House.  Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans. 21  45  66 

Democrats. 2  5  7 


Republican  majority..    19 


40 


69 


VOTE  OF  THK  STATK    SINGH  ADMISSION. 


1890. 
1892. 
1892. 

1896. 
1900. 

1902. 
1904, 
1906. 


Governor. 
President. 
Governor. 

President., 
President. 

Governor. 
President. 
Governor. 


Dem. 
.  7,153 

'.  8,442 

,10,655 
.10,164 

.10,017 
..  8,904 
.  9,483 


Rep. 
8,879 
8,454 
7,446 

10,072 
14,482 

14,483 

20,467 
16,396 


Pop.    Pro. 


7,722 


-Soc. 

552 

1,077 

1,316 


530 
416 

136 


Mai. 
1,726  R 
732  R 
1,691  D-P 
Pill. 

583  D 
4,318  R 

4,466  R 

11,563  R 

6,913  R 


HAWAII. 

At  the  Territorial  election,  held  1906,  for  Delegate  to  Con- 
press,  E,  B,  Ali'Clanahan,  Dem,,  received  •2,»67  votes;  J.  K. 
KaUnianole,  Rep.,  7,ai5;  C.  K.  Xotley,  H.  R.,  2,181. 

Present  Territorial  Government:  Governor,  Walter  F.  Frear. 
Secretary  of  Territory.  Ernest  A.  Mottsinltii;  Treasurer,  A.  .1. 
Campbell;  Deleerate  in  Congress,  Jonah  Kalanianole;  At- 
t-irney  Gener.il,  E.  C.  Peters.  Judiciar\ :  Alfred  S.  Hartwell, 
Chief  Justiie;  Associates,  Sidney  M,  Ballou  and  A,  A, 
Wilder;  Cle'-k,  Henry  Smith;  U,  S.  District  Judge,  Sanfor.I 
B.  Dole;  U.  S,  District-.Mtorney,  J.  J.  Duuiie;  E.  R. 
Stackahle,  Collector  of  Customs, 

In  the  Territorial  Legislature  the  Republicans  have  '.'A 
on  joint  ballot,  Democrats  9. 

PORTO    RICO. 

Governor,  Regis  H,  Post;  Secretary,  Wm.  F.  Willougliby; 
Trejisurer,  W.  J.  Groner;  Auditor,  G.  C,  Ward  ;  Attorn.-y- 
GeneMl,  Frank  Feuille ;  Resident  Commissioner  of  Terri- 
torv  at  Washington,  Tulio  Lirrinaga. 

Judiii  iry — Chief  Justice,  Jose  Quinones  ;  Justices,  C. 
Hernandez,  .Jose  Kigueros,  .1.  C,  Macl.eary,  A,  Wolfe;  U.  S. 
District  .Fudge,  B.  S.  Rodey;  U,  S,  District-Attorney,  Jose 
F.  It,  Savajre, 

The  Territorinl  Legislature  consists  of  an  upper  .ind  lower 
House.  The  lower  House  is  the  elective  branch  and  has  35 
members.  AU  belong  to  the  Unionist  partj^ ;  sits  in  apnqi^) 
session  in  Ji^n^ary, 


^obcnuncnt  of  tftc  (tiU)  of  jSTeU)  ¥oru,  747 

LIST    OF    OFFICIALS    AND    SALARIES    (SUBJECT    TO    CHANGE). 


.^layor.— GeorseB.  McClellau  (.$15,00u\ 
Sficrf/diy.—F.  il.  O'Brien,  6  City  Hall  (§6,000.) 

ISiireitii  of  IjieeiiHes.— 1  Citv  Hall. 
Chief.— John  V.  C'orrigran  (s2,800V     Depn/i/.—Qae- 
tano   D'Amato     ($2,000).      Brooklyn— Daniel  J. 
Griffin,  2>cjH(/v  ($2,000). 

J>oroiijy:b   Presidents. 
M' I iihnt/roi.-* A ohn    F     Abearn,    lo    City    Hall 
($7,oOi»);  Bernard  Downing,  Sevretaru  ($4,000). 

Bronx.  — \j.  r.  Haden  ($7,500),  Sd  Ave.  audl77tb 
St.;  H.  A.  Gumbleton.  Hefvetanj  ($4,000). 

S;ooAV.(//i.  — Bird  S.  Coler  ($7,500),  16  Boro'  Hall; 
Cbarles  F.  Adam.s,  Sfcretary  ($4,00o). 

(?((f«^//.?.— .Joseph    Berniel   ($5,000),    L.    I.    City; 
Herman  Rin.^e,  Secretarij  (S4,000). 

Richiiio)i(i.— (George  Cromwell  ($5,000).  New- 
Brighton.  Maybury  F.Fleming, Secretary  ($"2,500). 
Ahlerinen. 
P>rs/(J<'«^— Patrick  F.  :McGa\van  (§5,000).  Vice- 
C'hairnw.n—'l\  P.  Sullivan.  City  Cierk  and  Clerk  of 
the  Board  of  Alder inoi—F.  .T.  Scully  ($7,000)  Joseph 
F.  Prendergast,  l.s/,  Demitv  ($5,000).  Chuf  Clerk— 
JohnT.  Oakley  ($5,000).  Aldermen  receive  $2,000 
.salary  per  yeai-. 

Boroughs  and  Districts. 
Manhnttan.—l.  William  Drescher;  2,  Michael 
Stapleton;  3,  'rimotliv  P.  Sullivan;  4,  James  J. 
Smith;  6,  Patrick  F.  "Flynu;  6,  Adolph  Mosko- 
witz;  7,  Frank  L.  Dowling;  8,  Max  S.  Levine; 
9.  Keginald  S.  Doull;  10,  George  J.  Schneider; 
11,  Herman  W.  Beyer;  12  W.  P.  Kenueally ;  13, 
J.  McCann;  14,  J.  lioos;  15,  L.  Barton  Case;  16, 
T.  F.  Baldwin;  17,  J.  Schloss;  18,  J.  J.  jSusjent; 
19,  J.  Hinesj  20,  J.  .T.  Beardon;  21,  Alexander  J. 
Stormont;  22,  J.  W.  O'Beillv;  23,  .T.  J.  McDonald; 
24,  J.  J.  F.  Mnlcaby;  25,  C.  Delanev;  26,  T.  B. 
Johnson;  27.  B.Goldsmidt;  28,  B.  W.  B.Brown; 
29,  JohnF.  Walsh;  30,  Joseph  D.  Kavanagh  ;  31, 
Percy  L.  Davis;  32,  P.  E.  Nagle;  33,  Sam- 1  Marx. 
Rro)ix.—6A.  James  W.  Bruwn;  35,  Tlionias  J. 
Mulligan;  36,  William  P.  Corbett-  37,  John  J. 
Hickey;  88,  Arthur  H.  Murphv;  39,  Edward  V. 
Handy;  40,  Frederick  C.  Hochdortter;  41,  M.  J. 
Crowley. 

Brooklyn. — 42,  Bobert  F.  Downing;  43,  George 
A.  Colj?an;  44.  John  Mulvanej-;  45,  J.  S.  Gavnur; 
46.  William  Wentz;  47,  John  Diemer:  48,  W.  J. 
Heffernan;  49,  F.  P.  Kenney;  50,  F.  Linde;  51, 
J.  W.  Redmond;  5-2.  D.  R.  Coleman;  53,  J.  D. 
Gunther;  54,  J,  H.  Finnigan;  55,  T.J.  McAleer: 
56,  T.  F.  Barton;  57,  L.  M.  Potter:  58,  O.  Grant 
Esterbrook;  59,  G.  A.  ISforrison ;  60.  Otto  Muhl- 
bauer;  61,  F.  P.  Bent;  62,  J.  J.  Velton;  63.  W.  P. 
Sanford;  64.  H.  F.Grimm;  65,  .Tames  F.  Martvn. 
Queens.— QQ.  T.  M.  Quinn;  67,  G.  Euener;  68, 
J.Flanagan;  69,  J.  J.  Hosan;  70,  M.  J.  Carter. 

Richmond.  —71,  J,  J.  Collins;    72,  D.  S.  Readt; 
73,  Charles  P.  Cole. 

Coroners.— Criminal  Courts  Building. 
J)/(t;i7m//(r//.— Julius  Harburger,  Peter  P.    Acri- 
telli,  P.  Dooly,    G.   F.   Shrady,  Jr.  (.$6,000  each). 
Chief  Clerk,  J.  E.  Bausch  ($3,000). 

Bronx.  —Robert  F.  McDonald,  Albert F.Sch wan- 
neck  e  ($6,000  each). 

Brooklyn.  —Henry    J.     Brewer    and    John   F. 
Keimedy  ($6,000  each). 

Qic^^.s— Samuel  D.    Nutt  and    A.  S.    Ambler, 
Colleee  Point,  1..  I.  ($4,000  each). 

Kirhnujud.—'M.  J.    Cahill,  New  Brighton,  S.  I. 
($4,000). 

Department  of  Finance.— Stewart  Building. 
ComiitrolJer.— Herman  A.  Metz  ($15,000). 
/>iepit^i«s.— J.H.McOooey  and  N.  T.Phillips(<r;7,500 
each).   Assistanl  Depiily.—liuhen  D.  Smith  ($6,000). 
Andilor  of  Account. <!.—F.  H.  Quinn  (.$5,000). 
Receiver  of  7VTxe.9.— Manhattan,  Havid  V..  Austen, 
($7,000).   Depii^t/.— Bronx— J.  B.  Underbill  (32,500). 
Brooklyn— James   B.    Bouck  ($4,000).     Queens- 
George  H.  Creed  ($2,500).    Riclimond— John  De 
Morgan  ($2,500). 

Collector  of  City  Reveitue  and  Siinerinlendenl   of 
ilffe7'A:e/s.— Manhattan— John  M.  Gray  (.$4,000). 

City  Paymasler.—Johu  H,  Timmermau,  83 Cham- 
bers Street  ($6,000). 

Collector  ef   Af^sessments   and    AiTears. '-"Daniel 
Moynahan  ("^$4,000). 


Bureau  of  Municipal  Investigations  Statistics.— 
Charles  S.  Hervey  ($6,000). 

CITY  CFIAMliEUr.AIX.-James  J.  Martin, 63 

Stewart  Building  ($12,000;;. 
Deputy.— A o\\n  H.  Campbell  ($7,500 1. 

Public  Worlis  and  Other  Departments. 

Onnniissionrr  J'libiir  irorAx— Manhattan— 11  en  rv 
S.Thompson  ($6,000);  Jas.J.Huj;an..-l.v.s/.v^($5,000)'. 
Bronx— John  F.  Murray  ($5,000).  Brooklyn- Des- 
mondDunne  ($6,000).  Queens-L.Qressen.$4,0U0>. 
Richmond— B.  L.  Tribus  ($8,000 1. 

Bureau  of  7//V//ay«//^-.  — Manhattan- G.  F.  Scan- 
nell.  .Supf.  ($5,000);  Geo,  W.  TilLson.  CViief  Knoine^r 
(86,000).   Bronx. —J.  A.Briggs,   Chief  Ji^ to.  (^l.hOO). 

Bureau  of  .SVife/.s-.-Manhaitau— Vacant  (S5,000;; 
Horace  Loomis,  Chiej.E)toineer{$6.oiH)).  Bronx- 
Thomas  H.  O'Is'eill,  Su'pt.  ($4,000).  Brooklyn- 
James  Dunne,  Supt.  ($5,000). 

Bureau  FuhUr  fildo.s.  aiui  O/Wr^.'?.— Manhattan- 
Vacant, -Skp^  ($5,000).  Bronx— A.  H.  l^iebenau, 
Supt.  ($4,000).  Br'  klyn— J.  Lawrence, .S'l^p/.  ($5,000). 

Supt.  Bulhx  and  Public  Co»/;'w.'. —Manhattan— W. 
W.  Weeks  ($2,550).    Br' klyn-W, H.Hale  ($2,550). 

Coniini.ssi(uifr  of  ]]'((rer  Siniplw,  (r'a.s,  ami  Kler- 
/'■/c/7;»/.— John  H.O"Brien($7 1500).  Deputi/.-lsl.  F. 
Loughman  ($6,0CO).  Bronx— M.  Hech't  ($4,000). 
Br' klyn—W.C. Cozier ($5,500).  Queens-C.C.  Wis- 
sel  ($3,000).    Richmond-C.  J  .McCormack  ($2,500). 

CommiHsioner of Bridqex—i .\\\ii[e\e\\Hon  $7,500). 
Drpu/y-J.  H.  Llttle($4,500).  Chief  Enaiueer-C.  M. 
IngersoU,  Jr.  ($10,000).    /See'?/— E.  E.  SchiH  ($4,000). 

C'/in/uissioner  of  S'reet  Clean  inn. —Foster  X5ro- 
\vell  ($7..500).    Deputy.— \Y.  H.  Edwards  ($5,000). 

Chief  Clerk— John  J.  O'  Brien  ($3,600). 

IVnement-Homie.  Co)aniis.<i  inner.— 44  East  23d 
St.— E.  J.  Butler  ($7,500).  Deputies.  —Manhattan— 
H.G.  Darwin ;  Br'klvn— J.  McKeown  ($4,000  each). 
Bronx.  —6'wp^. ,  William  B.  Calvert. 

Department  ot  Police. 

Central  OlHce,  300  Mulberrv  Street.  House  for 
Detention  of  Witnesses,  203  Mulberry  Street, 

ComniJssionrr.— Theodore  A.  Bingham  ($7,500). 

i).^;>n/ie.9.— (First)  A.J.  O'Keeffe ($6,000).  (Sec- 
ond) F.  H.  Bugher  ($4,000).  (Third)  Bert  Han- 
son (.$4,000).     (Fourth)  A.  Woods  ($4,000). 

InsDfc.l.ors.—'M.  \V.  Cortriglit  ($5,000),  I^fax  F. 
Schmittberger,  R.  Wal.sh,  G.  F.  Titus,  J.  Mc  Caf- 
ferty,H.  Burfieud,  J.  H.  Russell.  J.  E.  Dillon,  J. 
F.  Thompson,  J.  E.  Hussey,  G.  R.  Holohan,  J.J. 
O'Brien,  J.  J  Langan,  W.  G.  Hogan,  P.J.  Har- 
kins,  J.  F.  O'Connor,  G.  W.  Mc(lu.sky,  J.  F. 
Flood,  Denis  Sweeney  (S.S,,500 each). 

C/u«/ Cto7.-.— William  H.  Kipp  ($5,000). 

Department   of  Ilcaltli. 

S.  W.  cor.55th  St.  and  6th  Ave. 

President  and  Conimi ssioner. —Tho?,.  Darlington 
(87,500).  The  Commissioner  of  Police  and  Health 
Officer  of  Port  of  New  York. 

Secretary.— F.usene  W.  SchefTer  ($5,000). 

-SV(;ij<o?v/ -Si<p/. —Walter  Bensel  ($5,000;.  As^ist- 
rr7i<.^.  —  Manhattan  —  A  lonzo  Blauvelt  ($3,500). 
Bronx- Cha.s.  Spencer  ($3,500).  Brooklvn-T.  C. 
Maxfield  ($3.50(1).  Queens— John  P.  Moore 
($3,500).  Richmond— John  T.  Sprague  ($3,500). 
Law  Department.— Hall  of  Records. 

Conxjralion  Co'nisel.-F.  K.  Pendleton  ($15,000). 

-SecretoJ't/.  — L.  Riggs,  Jr.  ($3,500). 
^.ssiston/.?.— Theo.  (itonnoly,  G.  L.  Sterling,  and  C. 
D.  Olendorf  ($10,000  each). 

^,s.s•i5/n>t^— Brooklyn— James  D.   Bell  r.$10.000). 

Bureau  of  Street  Onmings.— John  P.  Dunn,  90 
West  Broadway  ($7,500). 

Bureau  for  Collerlimi  of  Arrears  of  Personal 
Taxes.— Geo.  O.  Reilly,  280  Broadway  ($3,500). 

Bureau  for  jRecovery  of  Priialttes.  —  Herman 
Stiefel,  119  Xa.ssau  Street  ($6,000). 

Tenement-  House  Bureau.— John  P.  O' Brien,  44  E. 
23d  St.  ($5,000). 

Commissioners   of  the  Sinkinir   Fund.— 

The  yiiiyor.  Chaiivnan;  Comptroller, Cl)an)berlain, 
President  Board  of  Aldermen,  Chairman  Finance 
Committee  of  Board  of  A  Idermen. 
S^crrtary.—'S ,  Taylor  Phillips. 


Removed  by  the  Governor  December  9,  190'; 


1m 


(jroiieriiment  of  the  City  of  New    YorJc.—Coniimcgd. 


Department  ot  Fire.-  157  E.  HTih  St. 

C'o/»(/U(S.vin;(er.— Francis  J.  Lantry  ($7,oU0). 

0/u"e/'.— Edward  F.  Croker  (.$7,000). 

Beputu.—Hugh  Bonner  (sfS.OOO  i. 

Brooldyn and  Ciwpm^.—C.  C.  Wise  ($5.000>. 

Denuty  C/t/Vr".— Thomas  Lally  (Brooklyn  and 
Queens)  ($5,000). 

Fire  Marshals.— Peiex  Seery  ($3,000)  (Manhat- 
tan, Bronx,  and  Richmond);  William  K  Beers 
($3,000)  (Brooklvuand  Queens). 

S-cvetarv.—AXived  M.  Dowues  ($4,800). 
Departiiieut  of  Parks.— Arsenal, Central  Park. 

President  and  O'linnnssionrr  of  Man'uaUan  and 
Eirhmoud.  —Henry  Smith  ($5,000). 

Ciimmissionero!' Brooktyii  (iml  Queens.— 'Mxchael  J. 
Kennedy  ($5,000). 

Comini'ssioneror  Kronx.— Joseph  I.  Berry  ($5,000). 

.Serrelari/  Parle  n'iard.—^l.i'.L,M\gh.mA\\  ($4,800). 

Bureau  «>f  ISiiildiiigM. 

220  Fouitli  Avenue. 

Snmrintendent.— Manhattan— V^(\.\vaxA9i.ls'LurT^'hy 
(§5,000).  Assistant.— ^O'AeytXi  Gordon  ($1,000).  Chief 
J/i.vpec/o?-.— Bernard  J.  Gorman  (^3,000). 

Bnm.c.-V  .T.  Reville,  Sii!>l.  ($5,000).  Brooklyn. 
David  F.  Moore,  l^npt.  ($5,000).  Qneens.—i.  P. 
Powers.  iV(';>/.  ($3,000).  Richmond.— 3 o\xu.  Seaton, 
-Supt.  ($2,500). 

Department  of  Taxes  ami  Assessments. 
Hall   of  Records. 

Presldent.—'La.wson  Purdy  (SS.OOO):  Commis- 
sioners, Frank  Raymond,  Nicholas  MuUer,  Chas. 
A.  Putzel,  James  H.  I'ully,  Hugh  Hasting-;,  Thos. 
Jj.  Hamilton  ($7,000  eaoli). 

Secretary. -C.  R.  Tynu  ($4,000). 
Department  of  Charities.— Foot  K  26th  St. 

0>nunissioner.-'Ro\^X.  W.  Hebberd  ($7,500). 

1st  i)^);n.'y. -Richard  C.  Baker  ($5,000). 

S-'cretai-y.—J.  McKee  Boiden  (S3,500). 

2d  Depnfi/  (327  Schermerhorn  St.,  Brooklyn).— 
James. I.  Mclnerney  ($5,000). 
Commissioner  of  Jnrors. -127  Stewart  B'ld'g. 

Thomas  Allison  (Comity  of  New  York)  ($6,000). 
Commis'rs  of  Acecunts,— 115  Stewart  B'ld'g. 

Philip  B.  Gavnor  and  John  Pnrroy  ($5,000). 
Mnnicipal  Civil  .""Service  i^omniissioners. 
299  Broadwav. 

Wm.Y.Biilter, Preside)U  ($6,000);  R.Ross  App'-"- 
ton,  Frank  L.  Polk,  Commissioners  (.$5, 000). 

Secret  an/.  —Frank  A.  Spencer  ( $5,000 ). 

Pnblic  Administrator.— 119  Nassau  Street. 

W.  M.  Hoes ($10,000).  F.  W.  Arnold,. 4.s.s/.($o,000). 

C/z/V/C/-")'/.-.— Robert  D.  Bronsou  ($2,800). 
Department  of  Correction.— 148  K  20th  St. 

Co/;t/;/(:.s.s('i7(>'/-.— John  V.  Coggpy  ($7,500). 

Depntv.  —George  W.  IMeyer  ($4,0(iii). 

Secretary.— Zo\n\  B.  Fitzgerald  ($3,000). 
Department  Docks  and  Ferries.  — Battery  PI. 

Onnm.issioner.—.Soh.n  A.  Bensel  ($7,500). 

2)e;)u/(/.— Denis  A.  Judge  ($4,500). 

Secretani.—So  epli  W.  Savage  ($4,000). 
Department  ot  Edncaiiou. 
ParK  Ave.  and  59th  St. 

President.— 'E..  L.  Winthrop,  Jr.  Vice-President.— 
John  Green.     S^cretan/.—A.  'R.    Palmer  (S5,500). 

Snpf.  or  School  fi(uWi.)ir/.?.—('.H. I.Snyder  (SIO.OOO). 

Siipt.  of  School  Supydies. -riUiic'k  Jones  ($5,000). 

City  Siipt.  of  Schools  -Win.  H.  Maxwell  ($10,000). 

yis-KOcia/e  City  Superintendents  ($6,500  each).— Geo. 
S.  J)avis,  El  ward  R.  Shallow,  Andrew  W.  Edson, 
(4ustave  StraubeumulU'r,  'i'honias  S.  O'  Brien, 
Edward  L.  Stevens,  John  H.  Walsh, C.E.Meleney. 

KrainiiiPi-s   ($5,000    ear! i). —James     C.     Bvnies, 
Walter  L.  Hervey,.r. A.G'(  V)nnell,(4eoryreJ.Smith. 
Board  of  Flstimare  and  Apportionment. 
277  Broadway. 

Me.niJ)ers.—T'hQ  IMayor.  Clmirman:  the  Comp- 
troller, the  President  Of  the  Board  of  Aldermen, 
the  Presidents  of  Manhattan.  Brooklyn,  Bron.x, 
Queens,  and  Richmond  (no  salarj'). 

Secretary.— J o^iiY>h  Haag  ($7,500). 

Bitreaa'of Franchises.  — H..  P.  Nichols,  Engineer 
($6,000^. 

Commissioner  of  T>icenses.^277  Broadway. 
JohnN.  Bogart  ($5,000). 

City  Improvement  Com'n.- 21  Park  Row. 
F.  K.  Pendleton,  Chairman;  J.  S.  Cantor,  G.  A. 
Hearn,  Whitney  Warren, H.  P  Whitney  F.Bailey, 


J.  W.  Alexander,  D.  C.  French,  I..  F.  Haflfen,  J.  A. 
Wright,  J.  Cassidy.  W.  J.  La  Roche,  J.  E.Swan- 
strom,  (ieorge  Cromwell  and  H.  S.  Tiiompsoti. 

Board  of  Water  Snpply.— 299  Broadway. 

J.  Edward  Simiuons,  Chas.  A.  Shaw,  Chas.  N, 
Chadwick  (S12,000  each). 

Secretar y.-Thom-dS  Hassett  ($6,000). 

City  Record. -2  City  J 1  all,  and  21  Park  Row. 
ib'a/;e/'t'/.sor.— Patrick  J.  Tracy  ($5,000). 
J)epuly  Sapei-visor.-Henvy  McMillen  ($2,500). 
Aqnednct  Commissioners.— 280  Broadway. 

Mayor  and  Comptroller  ex-o])icio. 

Coiuniissioners.- John  F.  Cowan,  John  J.  Rvan,. 
Wm.  H.  Ten  Eyck.  John  P.  Win(l()li)li($5,000  each). 

Chit/ Engineer.— W.  H.  Sears  ($10,000). 

Secrelary.—H.  W.   Walker  ($4,000). 

Board  of  Assessors.— S20  P.roadway. 

Antonio  Zucca,  Paul  Weimauu,  James  H.  Ken- 
nedy ($5,000  each). 

^ec>'ei!(f/'v/.— William  H.  Jasper  ($5,000).  ^ 

COUNTY    OFFICERS. 

Ciuitij  CierJc  (Court  House).— Peter  J.  Doolfng 
($15,0iM».     Depniy.— John  ¥.  Curry  ($6, 000). 

Kiiif/s  Coii.n/y  Clerl:  (Hall  of  Records,  Brooklyn). 
—Frank  Ehlers  ($8,000).  DepiUy.—  '&Qlix  Tokaji 
($5,000). 

S/irriit'Neiv  York  County  (299  Broaciway).  — Ihos. 
F.  Foley  ($12,000  and  hall  ol  fees). 

Under  Slierixt'.—A.  J.  Johnson,  ($5,000).  Depn/ir.t. 
—J.  J.  Murraj',  F.  G.  Riuu,  F.  J.  Burues,  T.  J. 
O'Rourke,  Joseph  Cnllen,  John  McCourt,  Max 
Altman,Max  J.  Porges.M.  J.  Cruise,  P.  F.  Flynn, 
J., I.  O'Neil,  F.  J.  Walgering  ($2,500eacln. 

Warden. of  Qjitnly  JaiL  —  Vha'^.  F.  Regan    ($3,000). 

Slieriif  KinasCoitntii  (Court House,  B'klvn).  — Al- 
fred 'i.  Hoblev  ('$ib,m^T:'^U)iaer  S/ieriJf'.-G.  J. 
Phillips  ($6,000). 

J)ei>iiiy  .slieriffs.  — J.L.  Gernon.  W.  D.  Burtchel!, 
A.  D.Brow-n,  G.Herrnian,  Bart  Hunt,  O.Nichols, 
J.  E.  Smalley,  N.  Ward. 

Ward'^n.  —Maurice  Carmody  ($3.000\ 

Sheriff'  Queens  Conn  I !/  (f^on-i- Island  City).— H.  S. 
Harvey  (fees).     Under  Slier  iff.  —John  INI.  Phillips. 

Slier  i'tf  Richniond  C'oir/i/^  (Richmond,  S.  J.). — 
Joseph" J. Bar th  ($6,000). 

lteaister{ILa,\\  of  Records). -Frank Gass($12,000). 
Deputy— Wm.  H.  Sinnott  ($5,000). 

Register  Kings  Ojiinl i/  (HnW  ol  Records,  Brook- 
lyn)^—Wm.  A.  Prendergast  ($8,000). 

aom.mi.ssioner  of  Records  {U-aM  of  Hec.,R'klyn).— 
J.K.  Neal($5,000).  Deputy.— U.U.  Ralston  ($3,800). 

STATE    OFFICERS. 

EXCISE  DEPARTMENT.— 1  Madison  Avenue. 

Special  Depntii  Coni.vn'ssioners. —'Moses'M.  McKee, 

Manhattan  and   Bronx   ($5,000);  H.  W.    Michell 

(Brooklyn)   ($3,750);      (ieorge    L.    Nichol    (Uich- 

mond)($2. 000);  Edward  Do\vling(Queens)($2,500). 

.STATE  BUREAU  OF  ELECTIONS. -47  W.  42d 
St.    Superintendent.  —William  Learv  ($5,000). 

Chief  Deputy. — Collin  H.  \Voodward  ($4,500); 
Secretary.,  James  S.  Wells  ($2,000). 

QUARANTINE    CO^rMISS'R.S.— 62  William  St. 

Onn.nussioiters.  —  l!' .1^ ."r^chroeder, Preside n I ,  \± .  A. 
Guvon,  Treasurer  ;  Smith  Pine  ($2,500  each  i. 

I'realth  Omcer.-A\\i\h  H.  Doty,  M.  D.  ($12,500). 
Srrrelary.— Geo.  Sch  rader. 

Pubiic  Service  Commission-— 154  .Nassau  St. 
For  the  1st  District. 
W.  R.  Willcox,  Chairman ;  E.  M.  Ba«isett,  W.  Mc- 
Carroll,  i\r.  i;..    Maltbie,  John  E.  Eustis,  Commis- 
^loners  ($15,000).    Travis  H.  Whitney, 6'ec7-e<</rv/. 

PILOT  COMMISSIONERS. -17  State  Street. 

Cnmni.is:iiouers.—A.  F.Higsins.  J.H.  Winche.ster, 
V.  11.  Brown.  'I'homas  P.  Ball,  W.  I.  Comes. 

Secretar y.—Dixn'iel  A.  Nash. 

PORT   WARDENS.-l  Broadway. 

Wardens.— :iohn  H.  (lUnner,  Piesideni :  lsUcha.G\ 
Hlnes.  IlenrvBradt^  Robt.T.  Courtney,  James  F. 
Petrnam.  Cliarles  S.  Adler,  Harry  Jaquillard, 
Richard  C  Brien,  and  Jerome  B.  John.son  (fees). 

Secretary  .—A. \\\  Dodge. 


^^riminal  (f^onvU,  jilanfiattan  antr  iJrottv.        749 


SUPREME    COURT. 


PARTI,  TRIAL   TP^RM  (the   Criminal  Tenii    of   the  Court  for  the  trial  of  indictiiltMits)     held 
y  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  Criminal  Courts  Building,  Centre  and  Franklin  Streets 
(JKXEHAL  SKS8ION8  (Parts  1,  2.3.  4,  and  5).— In  the  Criminal  Courts  Building 


N  AMK. 


Thomas  C,  T.  Crain 

Edward  Bwann 

Joseph  F.  Mulqueen... 

James  T.  Malone 

Thomas  C.  O'SiHlivan. 
Ot to  A .  Rosalskyx . .  . . 
Warren  W.  Foster 


Offic 


Judge  of  Sessions. 


cc  . 


Term  Expires. 


Dec.  31, 1920 

"  31, 1921 

"  31,1921 

*•  31,1921 

''  31,1919 

''  31,  1920 

"  31. 1913 


Clerknf  Parti,  Trial  7>rvi,  Supreme  Court,  and  of  the  Courtof  General  Sessions  (office  in  tlie  Criiniiial 

Courts  Building)— Edward  R.  Carroll.  Judgesof  General  Sessions  receive  annual  salary/of  $15,000  each. 

SPEC!AL    SESSIONS. 

(First  Division.  ) 

Criminal  Courts  Building,  Centre  Street. 


Name.  (Salaiv,  f 9,000.)         Term  Kxpirea. 

Judge  John  B.  Mayo July  1,  1917 

"      William  E.  Wi'att "    1,1911 

"      Joseph  M.  Deuel "    1,1913 

"•      LorenzZeller "    1,1915 

"      John  B.  McKean "    1,1909 

"      W.  H.  Olmsted Mayl,  1912 

Court  is  open  daily,  except  Saturday  and  legal 
holidaj-s,  from  10  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.  ;  Clerk's  office 
ODeu.Saturdays.9  a.  m.  to  12  m.  Chas.  W.  Cnlkin, 
Clerk.    Salarv,  $5,000. 

Chililreu's  Part,  m  3d  Ave.— Held  by  one  of 
the  Justices  of  Special  Sessions  in  a,ccordance  with 
assignment  of  Justices.  Courtopensat  9. 30  daily, 
except  Sunday  and  legal  holidays.  Edmund  C. 
Clerk.    Salary,  $3,000. 


CITY    MAGISTRATES. 

Magistrate.  (Salary,  $7,000.)  Term  Expires. 

Frederick  B.  House July  1,1912 


LeroyB.  Crane "   1,1912 

Matthew  P.  Breen "   1,1912 

Chas.  G.  F.  Wahle "   1,  190t» 

DanielE.  Finn "    1,1915 

Robert  C.  Cornell Mayl,  1913 

Chas.  N.  Harris "     1,1917 

Frederick  B.  Kernochan "    1,1917 

Henry  Steinert July  1,  1915 

Moses  Herrman "    1,1909 

Joseph  F.  Moss "   1.1915 

Peter  T.  Barlow Mayl,  1913 

ArthurC.  Butts "    1,1917 

James  J.  Walsh "    1,1909 

OttoH.  Droege July  1,  1917 

Joseph  E.Corrlgan •'•    1,1917 

Secretarii.,  James  McCabe, 


Lee, 

MAGISTRATES'    COURTS. 

First  District— Criminal  Courts  Building,  Centre  aiid  Franklin  Streets;  Second  District— 125  Sixth 
Avenue  (Jeffer.sou  Market);  Third  District— 69  Sussex  Street;  Fourth  District— 151  East  57th 
Street;  Fifth  District -170  East  Tilst  Street;  Sixth  District— East  162d  Street,  corner  Bnrk 
and  Washington  Avenues;  Seventh  District— 314  West  54th  Street;  Eighth  District— Main  Street, 
Westchester;  Ninth  District  (Nigh^ Court),  125  Sixth  Avenue  f  Jefferson  Market). 

DISTRICT    ATTOR?iEY'S    OFFICE. 
Criminal  Courts  Buildmg,  Centre  and  Frankiiu  Streets.    The  salary  of  the  District  Attorney  is 

$12,000  per  annum;  assistants  to  District  Attorney.  .$7.500;  deputy  assistants'  salaries  vary 


r" 


Name. 

Ortice. 

Name. 

Ottice. 

Namk. 

Office. 

Wm.  Travers  Jerome... 
Charles  C.  Nott,  Jr 

Dist.At. 

ASSt. 
ti 

tt 

tt 

tt 
>l 

\t 

\<. 

Keyran  J.  O' Connor 

Carl  Miner 

Deputy. 

Daniel  F.  Murphy 

Tlieodore  H.  Ward 

Madison  G.  Gonterman. 
Frederick  B.  McNisli. . . . 
Joseph  H.  A.  Symonds. 

Alexander  Kehogh 

Edward  L.  Tinker 

Charles  A  .  Dana 

Depiitj'. 

Charles  Albert  Perkins.. 
Arthur  C.  Ti'ain 

Robert  S.  Johnstone 

Robert  E.  Manley 

Charles  W.  Appleton 

Robert  J.  TurnbuU 

Mason  Trowbridge 

Almuth  C.  Vandiver 

W.  B.  Howe 

Nathan  A.  Smyth 

.Tames  R    Elv       

Tsidor  .T    Kresel 

Roberto.  Tavlor 

Francis  P.  Garvan 

William  D.  Bosler 

Alexander  Mayper 

John  W.  Hart 

G.  W.  Whiteside 

E.  C.  Kiudleberger 

Harford  T.  Marshall 

Secretary,  William  C.  Lauguoo.    Chief  Clerk,  J. 
Information,  W.  S.  McGuire  and  Paul  Krotel. 


A.   Heuueberry.    Bureau  of  Special  Sessions 


(^otirt.^  of  S-aU)  in  JHaufjattau- 

APPELLATE    DIVISION    OF    THE    SUPREME    COURT. 

FIRST   JUDICIAL    DISPARTMEXT,    MADISOX  AVISNUK  AND  TV.'EIJTY- FIFTH  STREKT. 


jKStice.  Term  Expires. 

Edward  Patterson,  P^-es.  Justice Dec.  31,  1909 

(ieorse  L.  Ingraham "    31,1919 

Chester  B.  McLaughlin "    31,  1909 

Frank  C.  Laughlin 

Court  opens  at  1  p.  M.     Clerk 


.Justice.  Term  Exnires. 

John  Proctor  Clarke Dec.  31, 1915 

James  W.  Houghton "     31,1914 

Francis  M.  Scott "     31,1911 

31,  1909  4  Johns.  Lambert Temporary 

Alfred  Wagstaff';  salary,  $5,000.    AN  APPELLATE  TER3I  to  hear 


appeals  from  the  Citj'and  the  Municipal  Courts  will  sit  in  theCountv  C'ourt-House. 

SUPREME    COURT-APPELLATE,    SPECIAL,    AND    TRIAL    TERMS. 


Name. 


.1 


Offiiv.      ITenri  Expires. 


Samuel  (ireenbaum.., 

Francis  M.  Scott 

James  A.  Blanchard. 
Charles  F.  Tvlaclvf^an. . 

Charles  H.  Truax 

Vernon  >r.  Davis —  . 
r.dward  E.  McCall.... 
Edward  B.  Amend  .. 
James  A.  O' Gorman.. 
Henry  Bischoff,  Jr.... 

.Tames  Fitzgerald ^ 

Leonard  A.  Giegericli 

David  Leventritt 

"Victor  J.  Dowling 


ustice. 
t  < 


Dec.  31. 1915 

''  31,1911 

"  31, 191.5 

"  31,1909 

"  .-T,  1909' 

"  31, 1916 

"  31,1916 

'■''  31, 1916 

''  31.  19i:; 

"  31,1917 

''  31,1912' 

''  31, 1920  i 

"  31,1912 

"  ,31,19181 


Namk. 


'Philip  H.  Dugro 

Henry  A.  (^ildersleeve. 
Joseph  E.  Newburger. 

Petfer  A.  Hendrick 

.Tohn  W.  Goff". 

Samuel  SeaV)urv 

M.  Warley  Platzek 

John  Fonl 

; Charles  W.  Dayton.... 

John  .T.   Brady 

^Mitchell  L.  Erlanger.. 

Charles  L.  Guy 

i James  W.  Gerard 


Olti.-. 


Justice. 


IVnii   E.tjiiri-.s. 

Dec.  31, 1911 
'^  31,1919 
"  31,1919 
"  31,1920 
"  31,1920 
"  31,  1920 
"  31,  1920 
"■  31,1920 
''  31,1920 
31, 1920 
31, 1920 
31, 1920 
31,1921 


tt 


Cie?/i;— County  Clerk  Peter  J.  Dooiiug, ex-oiftcto. 


Salary  of  Supreme  Court  Ju.stices,  $17,500. 


750 


United  States   Courts  in  Manhattan. 


COURTS  OF  LAW  IN  MANHATTAN— Co7(//?n<ed. 


CITY    COURT. 

CITY     H.\J.U 

The  Judges  are  elected  for  a  term  of  ten  years  at 
aJiaiuiual  salary  of  $12,000. 


Na.me. 

Office. 

Term 

Expires. 

KdWd  F.  O'Dwyer 
J.  H.  McCarthy.... 
Lewis  J  Con  Ian    .  . 

Chief 
Judge 

J  udge 

Dec 

lb 

31,1917 
31,1917 

31.1909 

Joseph  I.  Green 

Theo.  F.  Haseall.... 
F   li.  Delehantv 

31,191.5 

31,1910 
31.1910 

ThosF.  Donnelly... 
Alexander  Finelite. 

314917 
31.1917 

John  V.McAvoy... 
Peter  Sclimiick 

31.1917 
31.1917 

Cier^.— Thos.  F.  smith;  salary,  $6,000. 
Deputy.— ^ilwsiV A  H.  Piepenbring;  salary,  $3,000. 

COUNTY    COURT,    KIA9CS    COUNTY. 

COURT  HOlJ.SE. 

Jiidges—'Novm.Kn  8.  Dike,  Rep.,   and  Lewis  L. 
Fawcett,Rep.,  $12,500. 

MUNICIPAL    COURTS    IN    MANHATTAN  

The  Justices  are  elected  lor  a  term  of  ten  years  at  au  annual  salary  ol  $3,000. 


SURROGATES'  COURT. 

COUNTY   COL'RT- HOUSE. 

The  Surrogates  are  elected  for  a  term  of  fourteen 
years  at  an  annual  salarv  of  $15,000. 


-Namk.                                      Oriice. 

Term  E.\)iires. 

Abner  C.  Thoma.s. . .  Surrogate.   

Jan    1  '914 

Charles  H.  Beckett.          "         

"      1,1921 

appointed  by  the  Justices  for  six  years,  and  receive  annual  salaries  of  $3,000. 
Courts.  Location.  Justices 


Oiief  C/e)7.-.— William  V.  Learv;  salary,  $10.ouo/ 

COURT  OF  ARBITRATION 

OF  THE  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE  OF 
NEW  YORK  STATE,  65  LiBEBTY  St. 
This  court  was  established  by  act  of  the  Legis- 
lature, for  the  hearing  and  prompt  settlement  of 
controversies  among  merchants,  shipmasters,  and 
othei-j:  within  the  Port  of  New  York. 

SURROGATE'S  COURT,  BROOKYLN. 

HALL  RECORDS. 

<Su7?-o.aa?^— Herbert  T.  Ketcham.Dem.,  $10,000. 
DISTRICT    ATTORNEY,    KINGS    CO. 

COURT   HOUSE. 

District  Attomei/— John  F.  Clarke,  Dem.,  flO.OOO- 

AND    BRONX. 

The  Clerks  are 


1st  District. 


2d  District. 


3d  District  , 
4th  District. 


6G  Lafayette  St. 


f 


264  Madison  St. 


5th  Di.strict, 
6th  District. 
7th  District. 
8th  District. 

9th  District. 

BRONX, 
1st  District. 
2d  District. . 


314  W.  54th  St { 

151  E.  57th  St 


96th  St.  and  Broadway. 


83d  St.  and  3d  Ave ■[ 

70  Manhattan  St -| 

Sylvan  Place  and  121st  St . .  | 

59thSt..and  Madison  Ave..  \ 

[ 


Town  Hall,  Westchester 

E.162d8t.and  Wash' n  Ave., 


Wauhope  Lynn 

William  F.  Moore 

John  Hoyer , 

George  F.  Roesch 

Benjamin  Hoffman... 

Leon  Sanders 

Tliomas  P.  Dinnean J 

Thomas  E.  Murray t 

James  W.  McLaughlin  .  / 

Michael  F.  Blake ) 

William  J.  Boyhan ^ 

Alfred  P.  W.  Seaman...  J 

William  '^'oniig > 

Frederick  Spiegelberg. . .  ) 

Herman  Joseph ll 

Jacob  Marks / 

Phillip  J, Sinnott ) 

David  L.  Weil \ 

.John  R.  Davies ) 

Joseph  P.  Fallon 

Leopold  Prince 

Edgar  J.  Lauer 

Fred  De  Witt  Wells... 

Frank  D.  Sturgis 

William  C.  Wilson 


Clerks. 


Thomas  O"  Connell. 
Francis  Mangin,  Deputy. 

James  J.  Devlin. 

Michael  H,  Loouey,  Deputy, 

Michael  Skelly. 
Henry  Merzbach,  Deputy, 
Abram  Bernard. 
James  Foley,  Deputy. 

James  V.  Gilloon. 
John  H.  Servis,  Deputy. 

Edward  F.  McQuade. 

H.  B.  Wilson. 
Robert  Andrews, 

William  J.  Kennedy. 
Patrick  J.  Ryan. 

William  J.  Chamberlain. 
Charles  Healey. 


Peter  A 
John  M. 


Shells... 
Tierney 


Thomas  A.  Maher. 


sauitetr. states  Otourts  in  illlanijattaiu 

UNITJ?D  STATES  CIRCUIT  COURT  OF  .-APPEALS. —Post- OITice  liuilding.  Judges.— Hu fun  W. 
Peckliatn,  Circuit  Justice;  Walter  C.  Noves,  E.  Henry  Lacombe,  Henry  G.  Ward,  and  Alfred 
C.  Coxe.  Circuit  Judges.  Clerk.  —William  Parkiu ;  salary,  $3, 500.    Tfnn.  —Second  Tuesday  in  October. 


UNITED    STATES    CIRCUIT     COURT.— Post- 

OlHce  Building. 
The.  Judges  of  the  Federal  Courts  are  appointed 

by  the  President. and  confirmed  by  the  United 

States  Senate,  for  life. 
Associate  Justice  of  the  United  Slates  Supj'eme  Co^irt 

atid    Judfie   of  the    Circuit     Cbiu-<.— Rufus  W. 

Peckham;  salary.  $12,500. 
Circ.11  if  Judges. -^Kenry    G.  Ward,  E.  Henry  La- 
combe,   Waller    C.  Noyes,    and    Alfred    C. 

Coxe;   salaries.  S7,000  each. 
CT«rA:.— John  A.  Shields;  salary,  $3,500 
Oenernl  Terms.— F\r?,t  Monday  in  April  and  third 

Monday  in  October. 
Equity  71?)-m.  — Last  Monday  in  February. 
Terms  of  ti'iminal  Cb?<r^— Second  Wednesdays  In 

January,  March,  May, October,  December,  and 

third  in  June. 

UNITED    STATES   DISTRICT   COURT. -Post- 

OfTice  Building. 
Judge  of  the   District   CoimV.  —  George  B.   Adams. 
Chas.M. Hough,  Geo.  L.  Holt;  salary,  $6,000. 
C?«r&.— Thomas  Alexander. 


Stated  TVrm. —First  Tuesday  in  every  month.  Also 
firstWednesday  of  Feb.,  April,  June, Oct.. and 
Dec,  for  trial  of  equity  suits  and  actions  at  law. 

Special  Term.— 'E.VQTY  Tuesday  for  return  of  process. 

United  States  District- Attomey.-'H.enry  L.  Stimson ; 
salary,  $10,000. 

Assistant  Di.'itrict-  Attorneys.— J.  O.  Nichols,  Gold- 
thwaite  H.  Dorr,  D.  Frank  Lloyd.  Winifred 
T.  Di^nnison,  Lewis  O.  O'Brien,  Thomas  D. 
Thurber,  Francis  W.Bird,  Hugh  Govern,  Jr.  , 
H.  A.  Wise,  F.  Frankfurter;  salaries  ranee 
from  $2,000  to  $5,000. 

Marshal.— William  Henkel;  salary,  $5 ,00O 

Chief  Deputy.— John  Stiebling;  salary,  $2,750. 

Commissionei-s.— .John  A.  Shields.  Samuel  R.  Betts, 
Thomas  Alexander.  Hf^nry  P.  Butler.  Samuel 
^I.  Hitchcock.  Ed.  L.  vywen.  James  Ridgway, 
Henry  W.  Goodrich.  Herbert  Green,  Daniel 
B.  Deyo,  Alex.  Gilchrist,  Jr. ,  Aver.v  P.  Cush- 
man,  Wm.  P.  Prentice,  James  L.  Williams. 
D.  W.  Esmond,  Edward  J.  CoUIna. 


Information  About  the   City  of  ]^ew    York. 


rrr: 


751 


INFORMATION  ABOUT  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 

In  the  following  pages  information  of  daily  interest  to  citizens  and  visitors  about  the  City  of  New  York  is  given,  the 

subjects,  for  convenience  of  reference,  bein?  arranged  alphabetically.  This  information  is  of  the  date  of  January  1,1908, 
but  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  changes  in  an  active  community  lilie  that  of  New  York  are  continuously  going  on,  and  that 
accuracy  in  details  can  only  be  guaranteed  for  the  date  of  issue  of  the  Almanac. 

Amusement  Jllace.s  (it  J^auj^attau  antr  l^ron^e. 


Theatres,  Etc. 


,Sq.. 


Academy  of  Music  ... 

Alhambra 

American 

Astor , 

Belasco 

B->rkeley  Lyceum 

Bijou  ..    ..". 

Broadway 

Carntgie  Lyceum. . . . 

Carnegie  Hall 

Casino 

Circl*  

Colonial 

Criterion 

Daly's 

Deutsches ., 

Dewey 

Eden  Musee 

Empire  .     , 

Fourteenth  Street 

(iarden 

Garrick 

(ioiham 

(ir  ind       

Grand  Opera  House.. , 

Hackett's 

Harlem  Ofvera  House., 

Herald  Square 

Hipp  drome 

Hml^on 

Hurtisr  &  Seanions'  .. 

Kalich 

Keith  &  Proctor's  Un 
K'ith  ct  Proctor's  . . 

Keith  &  Proctor's 

K-ith  &  Proctor's  5th  Ave 
Keith  <s  Proctor's  liothSt, 

Knickerbocker 

Liberty    

Lincoln  Square , 

London  . , ... 

Lyceum 

Lyrx  , 

Madison  Square 

Madison  Square  Garden.. 
Madison  Square  Garden  Con- 
cert Hall 

Majestic 

Manhattan  Opera  House 

Metropolis 

Metropolitan  Op.  House 

Miner's  Bowery 

Miner's  8  h  Avenue.... 

Murray  Hill 

New  Amsterdam 

New  Star 

New  York  

Pastor's 

Savoy 

St\iyves:int  ..    

Thalia    .      

'I'hird  .Avenue  

Victoria 

Wallack's 

Weber 

West  End 

York  vide 


Location. 


E.  14th  St.  and  Irving  Place 

7th  Ave.  and  126th  St 

8th  Ave.  and4-2d  St 

Broadway  and  45th  St 

4'2d  .St.  and  IJroailway 

44th  St.,  near  5th  Ave 

Broadway  and  31.st  St 

Broadway  and  41  st  St 

7th  Ave.  and  57th  St 

\V.  57th  St.,  near  7lh  Ave . 

Broadway  and  39lh  St 

Broadway  and  Slst  St 

Broadway  and  t;2d  St 

Broadway  and  44th  St 

Broadwav  and  ^Oth  St 

E.  15th  St.  and  Irving  PI 

14th  St.,  near  3d  Ave 

VV.  23d  St.,  near  6th  Ave 

Broadway  and  40th  St 

\V.  14th  St.,  near  6th  Ave 

.Vfadison  .Ave.  and  27th  St 

35th  St.,  near  6th  Ave 

li.",th  St.,  near  3d  .Ave 

Grand  St.,  n-\T  Bowerv 

\V.  23d  St.  and  8th  Ave 

42d  St..  near  Bruailway 

W.  125th  St.,  ne.ar  7th  Ave 

Broadway  and  35th  St 

6th  Ave.  and44:h  St 

44th  St.,  near  6th  Ave 

W.  1  ■.5th  St.  and  7th  Ave.,.    ... 

45  Bowery 

K.  14th  St.,  near  Broadway 

E.  58th  St.,  near  3d  Ave 

W.  'J3d  St.,  near  6th  Ave 

Broadway  and  28lh  St  

125th  St.  and  LexingtonAve 

Broadwav  and  38th  St 

234  W. -iidSt 

Bro:>dway  and  6'thSt 

235  Bowery      

45th  St.,B'wav  and  6th  Ave 

7fh  Ave.  and  4'Jd  St 

24th  .St.,  near  Broadway 

MadisonAve.,  26th  and  27th  Sts. 


26th  St.  and  ^la.Iison  Ave. . . 

Bnadway  nnd  59ch  .St 

34thSt.,  near  9th  Ave 

142dSt.  and  3d  Ave 

Broadway,  39th  and  4f)th  Sts. 
Bowery,  near  Deiancey  St.. 
7th  Ave.,  n-ar  2.'.th  S^  ... 
Lexington  Ave.  and  42d  St. . 
42d  St.,  west  of  Broadway.. 
I.exiiigton  Ave.  and  107th  St. 

Broadway  and  4Dth  St 

E.  14th  St.,  near  3d  Ave    ... 

.34th  St.  an  1  Broadway 

44!h  St.,  near  7t  i  Ave 

Bowery,  near  Canal  St 

3d  .Ave.,  near  31st  St 

42d  St    and  7th  Ave 

Broadway  and  30th  .St 

Broadway  anl  30th  St 

125'h  St.    and  8th  Ave 

Soth  St.  and  Lexington  Ave.. 


Proprietors,  Lessei-s   or  Managers. 


Gilmore  &  Tompkins 

I'ercv  G.  William: 

\V.  r.  Keogh,  S!a  r  &  Havlin. 

V\'agenh:ils  k  Kemper 

I>ivid  Belasco 

Walter  C.  Jordan 

II.  B.Sir*- 


Litt  &  DiMirw-ill 

Board  of  Trustees 

Bo  ir  1  of  Tru.st-'e.s  

•Sam  .S.  &  Lee  Shubert  (Inc.)   

-^uliivan  &  Kraus 

Pe  cy  G.  AVilli.ams 

Charles  Frohman 

Sam  S.  &  Lee  Shubert  (Inc.) 

.\Iauiice  Blumfeld 

.Sullivan  &  Kraus 

Eden  Musee  Co 

Charles  Frohman 

.1.  W.  Kosenquest ; 

H.  AV.  Savage 

Chirles  Frohman   

Sullivan  &  Kraus. 

.J;icob  P.  Adier  

•  fohn  H.  Springer 

•lames  K.  Il.ickett t 

Keith  &  Proctor  .... 

Satn  S.  &  Lee  Shubert  (Inc.)  &  Lew  Fiells 

.Shubert  &  Anderson 

H.B.Harris 

Hurtig  &  S  ainon 

Leopold  Spachner 

Keith  &  Pr.'ctor 

Keith  &  Proctor 

Keith  &  Proctor 

Keith  &  Proctor.. 

Keith  &  Proclor .. 

.Al.  Hayman  &-Co 

Kl.iw  &  Erianirer 

Charles  T.  Bl  ^ney 

Jas.  H.  Curtin 

!  >aniel  Frohman . . 

Sim  S.  it  Lee  S.iubert  (Inc) 

Walter  X.  Lawrence 

Madison  Square  Garden  Co 


Madison  Square  Garden  Co., 
The  Wilbur-Shnbert  Co  ... 

Oscar  Ham  rii^^rst  in 

Hurti'_'  &  Seamon 

Heii.rich  Conr.ed ., 

AV.  H.  I-h;m 

Edwin  D.  Miner 

AVm.  T.  Keogh 

Kl:iw  k  Eriani^er 

VVm.  T.  Keogh .., 

Klaw  &  Erlanger  

Tony  Pastor 

Frank  McKee 

Dav  d  Bel  S'-o , 

Sullivan  ife  Woods , 


Oscar  Hammerstein  ..   .. 

Mrs.  Theo.  Moss 

.Joseph  Weber 

Stair,  AVilber  &  Nicolai. 
Uurtig  &  Seamon.   ...    .. 


^5eat   <  a- 
pacity* 

2,5'0 
1,6  0 
2,166 
l,i'00 

950 

ibi 

969 
1,700 

(■39 
2.800 
1,100 
1,600 
1,700 

912 
1.150 
1,096 
1,600 

500 
1,100 
],500 
1,110 

850 
1,60 
1,888 
2,910 
1,000 
1,.-00 
1,300 
5,K0O 

995 
1,284 
2,000 
1,000 
2,200 
l,.^ol- 
1,600 
1,800 
1 ,352 
l,iOO 
1,500 
I, SOD 

937 
2,000 

650 
12,137 

1,183 

1,701 
4,800 
1,600 
3,:133 
1,800 
1,100 
2,400 
1,675 
3,100 
3,815 
1,000 
841 
1,050 
1,60) 
2,09-! 
1.000 
1.900 
I.oCM) 
2  OiiO 
1,450 


*  Seating  capacity  is  given,  lint  there  is  Msnally  standing  room  in  a  idition  for  a  large  number  of  persons.  Theaire-go  rs 
should  consult  the  daily  papers  as  lo  ti  ne  performance  begins. 

Musical  entertainments  are  sometimes  given  in  Cooper  Union,  Tammany  Hall,  Atlantic  Garden,  50  Bowery  ;  Grand 
Central  Palace,  43d  St.  and  Lexington  Ave.;  American  Institute,  19  West  44th  St.;  Lexington  Opera  House,  58lh  St., 
near  Lexinsrton  Ave. 

MUSEUMS.— Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  5th  Ave.  and  82d  St.  fCentral  ParkV,  open  free  to  the  public  every  week  day 
Cexc'pt  Mon.  and  I'-ii.,  when  admission  is  25  cents)  from  10  a.  m.  to  tia'f  hour  before  suns;t,  and  on  Sundays  from  1  P.  Nt.  to 
half  hour  before  sunset,  also  Saturdays  fro  n  10  a.  m.  to  !0  p.  .M.  Museum  of  Natural  History,  8th  .Ave.  and  77th  .St.,  open 
week  daVs  from  9  a.  .m.  to  5  p.  m.,  Sunday  from  1  to  5  p.  m.,  also  on  holidays  and  Tues.  and  .Sat.  evenings,  admission  free. 
Aquarium,  Castle  Garden,  Battery  Park.  Zoolozii-al  Gard-ns,  Central  Park,  entrance  .ith  .Ave.  aud  64th  St..  and  at  Bronx 
I'ark.  182d  ."^t.and  Southern  Boulevard,  admissioti  fr«e,  except  on  Mou,  aud  Thurs,  when  25c,  is  charged.  Botanical  Gaedepj 
(grom  Park),  opea  daily  10  ik,  M,  t9  4:50  p,  M,,  freg; 


752 


Inforination  About  the  City  of  New   York. 


AMUSEMENT  PLACES  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX-ConCi'/iwed. 

------  -  -  --» 

The  hours  for  beginning  theatrical  performances  in  New  York  are  dictated  by  the 
length  of  the  plays.  Owing  to  the  increasing  lateness  of  the  dinner  hour  in  New  York,  the 
beginning  of  theatrical  performances  is  steadily  growing  later.  Theatre-goers  should  consult 
daily  newspapers  for  the  time  of  the  rise  of  curtains,  although  the  doors  of  all  theatres 
open  at  7.30  P.   M. 

All  New  York  theatres  give  Saturday  matinees,  the  curtains  rising  at  2  P.  M.  Midweek 
matinees  are  generally  given  on  Tuesdays,  Wednesdays  or  Thursdays,  the  day  varying  in 
the  cases  of  different  attractions.  Some  of  the  popular-price  theatres  and  the  vaudeville 
houses  give   dailv  roatinees. 

The  standard  price  for  best  orchestra  seats  in  New  York  theatres  of  the  first  class  is 
$2.  The  scale  at  these  houses  grades  down  to  50  cents  for  seats  in  the  top  balcony.  Occa- 
sionallv,  when  eminent  foreign  stars  visit  New  York,  $3  is  charged  for  beat  seats,  the  scale 
being  raised  in  equal  ratio  in  the  balconies.  In  most  theatres  of  the  first  class  seats  may 
be  reserved  in  any  part  of  the  house.  .       .^      .         .     «, 

The  standard  price  for  best  orchestra  seats  in  the  so-called  popular-price  theatres  is  $1, 
The  scale  in  these  houses  grades  down  to  25  cents  for  seats  in  the  top  balcony.  It  is  not 
customary  to  reserve  top  balcony  seats  in  these  theatres.  .,,,.:        ^ 

The  standard  price  for  best  orchestra  seats  at  the  Metropolitan  and  Manhattan  Grand 
Opera-Houses  is  $5.  The  scale  at  these  houses  grades  down  to  $1  for  seats  in  the  top  bal- 
cony. At  the  Metropolitan  Opera-House  boxes  are  leased  or  subscribed  for  by  the  season. 
Some   of  the  privately   owned   boxes  are  valued  at   $100,000. 

The  New  Theatre,  now  building  at  Central  Park  West  and  Sixty-second  Street,  will  be, 
it  is  claimed  New  York's  nearest  approach  to  an  endowed  theatre.  Stock  to  the  amount 
of  $2  000  000,'  it  is  stated,  has  been  subscribed  for  by  capitalists  and  lovers  of  dramatic  ait, 
who  announce  that  no  return  will  be  expected  for  their  investment,  and  that  the  play- 
house which  will  be  devoted  both  to  drama  and  opera  comlque,  will  be  conducted  on  alti-u- 
istic  lines  A  permanent  stock  company  will  be  maintained;  otherwise  no  definite  policy 
has  been  adopted.     It  is  expected  that  the  play-house  will  be  opened  to  the  public  during 

the  season  of  lOO'o-lO.  ^  ,,    .   .      .,.      ^       ,        * 

It  is  true  that  many  of  the  best  seats  in  New  York  theatres  fall  into  the  hands  of 
ticket  speculators,  who  hold  them  at  premiums  of  from  25  to  200  per  cent.,  according  to  the 
popularitv  of  the  attraction.  Theatre  ticket  speculation  is  sanctioned  by  law  in  New 
York,  and  speculators  are  licensed  by  the  city  government.  Most  theatres  allow  one  lai-g« 
agency  large  blocks  of  their  best  seats  for  sale  at  the  hotels  at  a  premium  of  oO  cents  eacn ; 
but  most  theatre  managers  discountenance  sidewalk  speculation,  although  they  are  power- 
less to  prevent  it.  Many  of  them,  however,  frequently  announce  that  tickets  purchased  of 
sidewalk  speculators  will  be  refused  at  the  door.  •,,..,    x      x        <-  ♦•   « 

At  7  o'clock  each  evening  the  hotel  agencies  return  unsold  tickets  to  the  respective 
theatres,  and  good  seats,  even  at  ihe  best  patronized  performances,  can  usually  be  obtained 

at  that  hour.  ,         j.  x        ^       •  i  ^ 

Seats  may  be  reserved  in  advetnce  at  New  York  theatres  from  two  to  six  weeks  preced- 
ing the  date  of  use.  In  the  caso  of  new  productions,  managers  claim  that  they  fill  orders 
in  the  order  in  which  thev  are  received.  Reservations  by  mail  are  filled  for  out-of-town 
theatre-goers,  but  such  orders  must  always  be  accompanied  by  a  check  or  money  order 
covering  the  full  amount   of  the  price  of  such  seats.  ^     ,    ,      ,        ,,      .,  ■^■ 

In  the  number,  beautv  and  convenience  of  its  theatres  New  York  leads  all  other  cities 
of  the  world  except,  perhaps,  London.  There  are,  however,  in  a  few  cities  of  Continental 
Europe  theatres  under  municipal  or  State  endowment  which,  as  works  of  architectural  art. 
are  more  beautiful  than  the  best  New  York  theatres.  The  New  Amsterdam  Theatre  is  the 
most  costly  privatelv  owned  theatre  in  the  world.  The  Hippodrome,  seating  0,600  people, 
is  the  largest  theatre  of  its  kind  in  the  world.      _     ,     ,         ^     .^  ^   ^r,   .   ^-u  •  .         * 

The  Court  of  Appeals  of  the  State  of  New  York  has  decid^  that  the  proprietor  of  a 
theatre  has  the  right  to  decide  who  shall  be  admitted  to  witness  the  plays  he  sees  fit  to 
produce  in  the  absence  of  any  express  statute  controlling  his  action.  He  derives  from 
the  State  no  authority  to  carry  on  his  business,  and  may  conduct  the  same  precisely  as  any 
other  private  citizen  mav  transact  his  own  affairs.  But  the  holder  of  a  ticket  which 
entitles  him  to  a  seat  at  a  given  time  and  place  of  amusement,  being  refused  admission,  is 
entitled  to  recover  the  amount  paid  for  the  ticket  and,  undoubtedly,  such  necessary  expenses 
as  were   incurred  in  order  to  attend   the  performance. 


^  «SI|«tesptattan  STatJlr. 


PB0FB880B  RoLKE,  the  Shakespearian  scholar,  has  counted  the  lines  which  the  principal  char- 
acters In  Shakespeare's  plava  fiave  to  speak.  His  rule  wiis  to  consider  parts  of  lines,  oeginnlngs  and 
endings  of  speeches  as  fall  lines.    Thla  is  the  result; 


Lines  to  Speak. 

Hamlet -     1,669 

Richard  III , 1,161 

laeo - 1.117 

Othello 888 

CoriolaDUS ..      886 

Timon 863 

Antony  (Clegpatra's).. "  829 

Lear    , 770 

Richard  IL , 755 

Brutus ^ 727 


Macbeth 

Cleopatra , 

Prospero 

Pvomeo .... 

Petrucbio  

Touchstone 61G 

Imogen 641 

Helen  ("All's  Well")..  ..      479 

Isabella. 426 

Desdemona 389 


Liaes  to  Speak. 

..    705 

670 
665 
618 
585 


Lloeii  to  Speak. 

Mistress  Page 361 

Viola 853 

Julia  ("Two  Weutlemen")  323 

Volumnia 315 

Beatrice 309 

Lad  V  Macbeth... £61 

Kai&erioe(iQ'*The8hrew")  220 

Miranda  ("Tempesi") \AZ 

Perdita 128 

Cordelia 115 


Henry  V.  as  king  and  prince  (in  "HenrylV.*"  and  "Henry  V")  has  1,987  lines  to  speak,  aod 
Fftlstaff.ln  botU  parts ol  "HeuiylV."  and  "Henry  V."  and  tn  the  •'Merry  Wives,"  l^as  1,835. 


Information  Ahont  the   City  of  New    l^orJc. 


75S 


Wjc  .^tacjc  in  Kctu  ¥ortt  Citjn,  1907. 

A  RECORD  OK  NEW  PLAYS  AND  REVIVALS  FROM    DECEMBER  1,  190>i  TO  NOVEMBER  30,  1907. 

TrrERHare,  in  Xew  York  City,  about  sixty-eight  theatres  devoted  to  <liama,  npera,  spectacles,  concerts,  vaudeville,  and 
other  forms  of  stage  entertaioment  (see  World  Almanac,  1908).  The  total  number  of  events,  chauges  of  bill,  special 
performances,  trials  of  plays,  etc.,  in  all  these  th.-atrcs  during  the  regular  dramatic  season  of  forty  weelts  approzimutes  800.  Of 
the  above  mentioned  number  of  theatre*,  tliirty  are  producing  houses,  devoted  to  productions  and  runs  of  their  own  plays  or 
those  of  producing  managers  Tsrho  are  not  theatre  managers,  and  ;ilso  revivals  of  standard  plays.  The  following  summfiry  of 
dramatic  events  include  aU  iti-j  productions  an.i  revivals  in  ihese  thirty  producing  tbeulres,  but  excludes  the  German 
(Deutscher)  Theatre,  where  about  forty  dramas  in  German  are  given  during  the  regular  season. 


ScMMARY  OF  Events  in  Pkoducing 
Theatkks. 

Xumber^f  Xew  Pays S3 

Number  of  .\'ew- JIusical  Comedies..  30 

'i)iam.itic  Revivals 63 

Husic  al  Com-dy  Revivals 11 

jiiak  sprarian    Revivals    (by    four 


comp;uies). 


19 


Total  events '206 

Classification  of  New  Plays. 

Serious,   .Sentimental    and    Problem 

Plays .  30 

Me'odramas .  25 

Romantic  Corned i.-s 4 

Light  Comedies 11 

Tragedies ...  4 

Fa  I  ces 9 


Total 83 


Sources  of  Xew  Plays. 

Original  Plays    64 

Adopted  from  Foreign  Plays 3 

Drani.atized  fiom  Novels 16 


Total 83 

Nationality  of  Acthoes. 

By  Xative  Authors 54 

Ry  Foreign  Authors 29 


Total 83 

Nation  ALiTY  of  Music al-Qombdy 
Composers.  ■ 


By  Xative  Composers  . 
By  Foreign  Composers. 


22 

8 


Total 30 


Stars  op  Varying  Magnitudks. 

Xative  Stars 42 

Foreign  Stars 11 


Tot;il 53 

General  Summary  of  Season. 

Total  weeks  of  Xew  Plays 549 

Total  weeks  of  Revived  Plays lol  3^ 

Total  weeks  of  Xew  Musical  Com- 
edies     264  >^ 

Total  weelis  of    Revived  ilusical 
Comedies 41 


Total  weeks  of  Open  Prodncing 
The-itres.. 1,03S 

Number  of  Producing  Theatres,  30. 

Season  reckoneil  from  the  general  open* 
ingof  the  theatres  in  the  .-Vutumn  of  1906 
until  their  closing  in  the  late  Spdng  ■■£ 
190T,or,  in  the  cases  of  runs  that  continued 
into  the  Simimer,  untilJune  1. 


The  following  list  deal-;  only  with  fir=t  productions  of  new  plays  .ind  with  special  revivals  of  classic  dramas.  It  does  not 
aim  to  contain  all  the  events  at  the  leading  theatres  of  Xew  Yo  k  City  from  De,  embr  1,  190'.  to  l).eember  I,  1907,  but  tho>e 
which,  in  their  success  or  failnre,  were  conspicuous  during  the  year  in  the  theatrical  affaiis  of  New  York  : 

Of  the  runs  ct  important  dramas  and  comic  operas  that  extended  from  1906  into  1907.  "The  Chorus  Ladv,''  a  comedy,  with 
RoseStahl.  lasled  39  weeks  at  tl»e  .Sa\  oy,  Ga  ricK  au.l  Hackett  Theatres;  "  The  Gr-at  Divide,"  a  serious  dr'aina,  with  Ilenry 
Miller  and  .Margaret  Augliu,  38  wee.s  at  th  ■  Prin'ce-s  and  Daly's  (still  running):  "The  Three  of  Us,"  a' drama,  with 
Carl  tta  Neils-in,  i7>^  weeks  at  the  M:!dison  Square;"  I'he  Ro^e  of  the  Rancho,''  a  mel  d-ama.  with  Frances  .Starr,  41  weeks  at 
the  Belasoo,  "The  Hyp  .rrites,"  :<  melodrama,  26  weeks  at  the  Hud-on  ;  "His  House  in  Ord-r,"  a  comedy,  "ith  John  Drew,  16 
weeks  at  the  Empire;  "Clothes,"  a  comedy,  with  Gr  ce  George,  1 J  weeks  at  the  .Ma  ihattan;  "Clarice."  a  comedy,  withWilliam 
Gillette,  11  weeks  at  the  Ga  rick  ,  "The  Xe'w  York  Idea,"  a-satirical  comedy,  with  .Minnie  Jfaddern  Fiske.  9  week's  at  the  Lvric  ; 
"A  .Mi.isummer  Night's  Dream,"  with  Annie  Russell  as  Puck,  8><;  weeks  at  ihe  Astor ,  "Uhe  Red  Jlill,'' a  musi.  al  C' medv, 
with    David  .Alontgoniery  anil   l-red   Stone,  o6  weeks    at   the  Knickerbocker;    "Pioneer  Days"  and  "Xeptune's  Daughter,"'' 

^ '    Anna  Held, 

■\VaIlacks  ; 

,       _„ ,'a  musical 

comedy,  with  Richard  T.  Carle,  16  weeks  at  Daly's  and  the  Xew  Amsterd.am. 


witM    ijavia  -uouigoniery  anii   i- rea   eione,  ob  weeKS    ai   uie  rwnicKernocKer ;    "  noneer  Days"  and  "Xeptune's  1 
spectacles  and  .aiiets.  40  weeks  at  the  IIi,.pod'ome  (  still  running);  "The  I'arisi  m  ^iodel,"  a  musical  comedy,  with  I 
27  weeks  at  the  Broailway  ;    "The  Rich  Mr.  Hogg-nheinier,"  a  musical  com  dy,  with  Sam  Bernard,  23  weeks  at 
"Th- Little  Ch. rub,"  a  \nu-ical  comedy,  with  Hattie  William*,  22  weeks  at  the  Criterion  ;  "The  Spiin"  Chicken," 


Dec.  3-Daly's  Christie  .MacDonald  in  "The  Belle  of  May- 
fair,"  a  musical  comedy,  17   weeks. 

Dec.  3 — Manhattan  (Jpera  Hoi-e  •  Dedication  with  "  I  Puri- 
tani,"  season  of  20  weeks. 

Dec.  4 — Savoy  •  "  The  Man  of  the  Hour,"  a  dr.ama  of  Ameri- 
can political  life,  o\]/^  weeks. 

Dec.  4 — Liberty.  Eleanor  R  >bson  in  "  The  Girl  \Vno  Has 
Ev_rythii!g,"  a  comedy,  7  weeks. 

Dee.  ITj-Hudson  .  Grace  Elliston  in  "  Colombe's  Birthday," 
Browning's  po;tic  play,  6  performances. 

Dec.  20— Manhittan  ■  AVilton  Lackaye  in  "The  Law  an  I  the 
JIan,"  a  melodrama  based  on  Hngo's  "  Les 
Miserables,''  6)^  weeks. 

Dec.  24 — Bijou  :  Hi-nrv  De  Vries  in  "  The  Double  Life,"  a 
drama,  2  weeks. 

Dec.  25 — Garden-  Lina  Abarbanell  in  "  The  Student  King," 
a  roman::c  opera,  5  Wveks. 

Dec.  25 — 'Weber's:  Stic';  Company  in  "  Dream  City,"  a  bur- 
lesque, 14  weeks. 

Dec.  31 — X'ew  Amsterdam  ;  Edwa -d  Abeb»s  in  "  Brewster's 
Mill!  ns,"  a  farce  (later  transferred  to  Hu  ison), 
22  weeks. 

Dec.  31— Garrick  ■  William  Collier  in  "  Caught  in  the  Kain," 
a  farce,  22  weeks. 

Dec.  31— Herald  Square:  Jlinnie  Diipree  in  "The  Road  to 
Y^esterda;. ,"  a  romaniic  comedy  (later  trans- 
ferred to  Lyric  Theatre).  27  weeks. 

Jan.  7— Criterion:  CI  ira  Bloodgood  in  "The  Truth,"  a 
comedy,  3  weeks. 

Jan.       7— Astor-.  Bl-inche  Walsh  in  "The  Straight  Road,"  a 

melodr.ama,  5  weeks. 

Jan.  7 — Casino  ■  Paula  Edwa'des  in  "  The  Princess  Beg- 
gar,'' a  musical  comedy,  5  weeks.  _„^ 


Jan.  14— Bijou  :  Alia  X'azimova  in  "A  Doll's  House,"  Ibsen's 
play,  6  weeks. 

Jan.  19— Liberty:  Eleanor  Robson  in  "  Salomy  Jane,"  a 
melodrama  based  on  Bret  Harte's  story.  Id  weeks. 

Jan.      21— Lyric  :  Openin?  of  E.  H.    Sothern  and    Jsilia  Mnr- 

lowe's  season  in  "John  the  Baptist."   ".leanne 

d'Arc,"  "The  Sunken  Bell,"  "Twelfth  Xight,'' 

^»^  "Haxlet,"and    "The    .Merchant    of   Venice," 

6  weeks. 

Jan.  22— Metropolitan  :  Conried  Grand  Opera  Company  in 
tirst  Amcricin  perfiirmaace  ''  Isalome,"  a  grand 
opera,  1  performance. 

Jan.  28— Empire:  Ellen  Terry  in  "  Captain  Brassbonnd's 
Conversion,"  a  farce,  2  weeLs. 

Jan.      28 — Criterion:    Lulu   Glaser    in    "The  Aero  Club,"  a 
.^  farce,  3  weeks. 

Jan.  31— Gardnn-  George  Graves  in  "  The  Little  Michus," 
a  musical  comedy,  3  weeks. 

Feb.      4— Majestic  :    "  The  Rose  of  the  Albimbra,"  a  romantic 

opera,  2  weeks. 
Feb.;      4— Manhattan  :  .Teflferson  De  Ange'is  in  "The  Girl  and 

the  Governor,''  a  musical  comedy,  4  we.ks. 
Feb.     11— Bi].u:    HenrieUa    Crosman    in    "  All-of-a-Sndden 

^'sg^y."  a  farce,  4  weeks. 
Feb.      11— Astor:     Robert    Droiiet    and    Chrvstal    Hern*    In 

♦'Genesee  of  the  llil's.''  a  melodrama,  3  weeks. 
Feb.     11— Empire:   Ellen  Terry  in  "Good    Hope,"  a  drama, 

1  week. 
Feb.     12— Berkeley:  Katherine  Gray  in  "The  Reckoning,''  a 

drama,  9  weeks. 

Feb.  16— Casino  :  Louis  Mann  In  "  The  White  Hen,"  a  musi- 
cal comedy,  12>^  weeks. 

Feb.  18— Criterion  :  Frank  Daniels  In  "  The  Tatooed  Man,'* 
a  musical  comedy,  g  weeks. 


Tft 


754 


Tnformation  Ahout  the    (Jltij  of  Ke^o    York. 


THE  STAGE  IN  NEW  YORK   CITY,   1901—Coutinwd. 


Feb.     25— New    Amstfrdam:    Bidmrd    Mansfield     in  Henrik 

Ibsen's  "  Peer  Gyut,"  a  fautastical  symbolical 

pay,  o  weeks. 
Feb.     95 — Majestic.  "On  Parole."  a  in"loJr-.ma,  4  weeks. 
March    4 — Garden      B^n   Crei-t's  Pla.eis   in     Shakrspe iiiau 

repertoire,  without  scenery,  4  weeks. 
March    4 — Astor .  •'The  Mills  of  the  Go.ls,"'  a  melodrama,  4 

weeks. 
March   7— Heral.l    Square:  Herbert  Kelcey  and  Effie  Shannon 

in  •' Widowers'  iiousea^"  16  perfoi mance.'i 

March    9— Maniiattan :    Mary  Shaw  in  "Mrs.  Warren's  Pro- 
fession," an  alleged    pr  .blera  drama,  3  weeks. 

March  11— Xew  York  ■  "  The  Spoilers,"  amelodrama,  2  weeks. 

MarchlS— Kmp're:  Ethel   Barrymore  in  "Tlie  Silver  Box,"  a 

comedy,  3  weeks. 
MarchlS — Lyr'c  •    Openinar    of    Feas^n    of    the    ItaMau   star, 

Ermete    Novelli,  duMug  wliich    he  presented  18 

plays  in  Italan,  includii.p  "Hamlet,"  "Othello," 

and  "King  Lear,"   7  wieks. 

March  18— Lincoln  Square  :  "The  Holy  City,"  a  biblical  melo- 

diania,  1  week. 
MarchSl— Irving  place.    Oscar    Wilde's    drama,    "Salume" 

(in  Geimnn),  sc:ittered  perfot-mances. 
March  25— Xew  Amsterdam  :    Frank  Moulton  in  "The  Grand 

Mogul,"  a  mu'iical  cmedy,  5  weeks. 
April     1— Wall;ick's  :  "A  Marriage  of  Keason,"  a  comedy,  2 

weeks. 
April       1— Astor.     Leo    Ditrichslein    and    Dorothy   Dorr    in 

"The   Ambitious    Mrs.    (dcott,"   a   comedy,   3 

weeks. 
April     1— Xew  York  ;  "  The  Land  of  Nod,'    an  extravaganza, 

2  weeks. 
April     2— Waldorf-Astfiria-    Yale    Dramatic    Association    in 

Ibsen's  "The  Pretenders,"  4  performances  (.first 

time  in  America. 
April    3— Weber's  :  Amelia  Bingham  in  "  The  LiLac  Boom,"  3 

perfoimnnces. 
April     8— Herald  Square  :  Eddie  Foy  in  "  The  Orchid  "  ( later 

transferred    to   Casino),   a   musical  comedy,  24 

weeks. 
April     8 — Lyceum:  Arnold  Daly  in  "The  Boys  of  Company 

B,"  a  comedy,  8  weeks. 
April   12— Bijou.  Alia  Nizimova  In  "  Comtesse  Coquette,"  a 

farce,  1  weeks. 
April    15— Wallack's:  Grace  George  in  "Divorcons,"  a  comedy, 

8   weeks. 
April   22— Harlem   Op  ra  House  :   Keith   and    Proctor   Stock 

Compiny  in  "The  Undertow,"  a  melodrama,  2 

weeks. 
May       6— Maje.slic  ;  Margaret  Wycherly   in    "  The  Primrose 

Path,"  a  drama,  4  weeks. 
May     20— Astor  :  "  The  Builders,"  a  comedy,  2  weeks. 
May     20— Casino-    Ad-le  Kitchie  in  "Fascinating  Flora,"  a 

musical  comedy,  16    weeks. 
June    3— .\erial  :  (ieo.  M.  Coh.in  in  "The  Honeymooners,"  a 

musical  comedy,  10  weeks. 
July     8 — Jardin  de  Paris     "Follies  of    1907,"  a  musical  re- 
view (later  transferred  to  Liberty),  11)^  weeks. 
Aug.     5— Wallack's  :  "The  Time,  the  Pl:ice   and  the  Girl,"  a 

musical  comedy,  4  weeks. 
Aug.    12— Knickerbocker:  "Miss  Agnes  Cain  Braun  in  "The 

Alaskan,"  a  comic  opera,  4  weeks. 

Aug.    12 — Astor-  Raj-mond  Hitchcock  in  "A  Yankee  Tourist," 

16  *  \\  eeks. 
Aug.     19— Lyric  ■  Truly  Shattnck  In  "The  Lady  from  Lace's," 

a  music  1  comedy,  6J^  weeks. 
Aug.     20— Garrick  -  Fr.incis  Wil-^on  m  "  When  Knights  Were 

Bold,"  a  farce,  (later  transferied   to  Hackett), 

15  *  weeks. 
Aug.     26 — Criterion:    "The  Dairy  Maids,"  a  musical  comedy, 
\   14  *  weeks. 

Au  g.  26 — New  Amsterd.-xm  :  Maclyn  Arbuckle  In  "The  Round 
Up,"a  Western  melodrama,  (later  transferred  to 
Broadway),  14*  weeks. 

Aug,  29 — Hudson:  Robe  t  Edeson  in  "Classmates,"  a 
comedy,  I3,U*  weeks. 

Aug.    31— Empire     John  Drew  in  "  My  Wife,"  a  faree,  13  • 

weeks. 
Sept,      2— Broadway  :  The  Hogers  Brothers  In  "  The  R  >g-  r> 

Broth  rs in  Panama,"  a  musical  comedy  (later 

tiansferred  to  Liberty),  12)^*  weeks. 
Sept.      2— Herald  Square;  Virginia  llarned  in  "Anna  K-\re- 

nina,"  a  domestic   drama   (later  transferred  to 

Majestic),  6  weeks. 


Sept.      2— Wallack's:    Dnsfin   Farnum  in  "The    Ranger,"   a 

Wistern  meKidrama,  3  weeks. 
Sept.      3— Hackett:    Vnceiit  S.  rrano  and  Dorothv  Donnelly 

in  "The  Movers,"  a  comedy,  3  weeksl 
Sept.      4— Madison  .Squire:    Jameson    L  e    Finney  and  Elsie 

Leslie  in   "The  Man  on   the  Case,''  a   farce.  3 

weeks, 
.^ept.       7— Circle  :    "From    .Across    the    Pond,"    later   c  ll.d 

"The  Two  Islands,"  a  musical  comedy,  S  *  weeks. 
Sept.      9 — Lyceum:   Kyrle  Bellew  :ind  Margaret  Illington  in 

"The  Thief,"  a  drama,  12*  weeks. 
Sept.     16 — Lyric  :  James  O'Xeill  in  "  Virginius,"  a  tragedy,  3 

weeks. 
Sept.     16— Majestic  :  Jacob  Kessler  in"  The  Spell,"  a  domestic 

drama,  2  weeks. 

Sept.     16 — Liberty:   Lulu  Glaser  in  "Lola  from    Berlin, "  a 

farce  with  music,  5  wei  ks. 
Sept.     23— Bijou  :     Alli  Nazimova    in  Ibsen's  "The    Master 
Builder,"  a  drama,  10"  weeks. 

Sept.  23— Wallack's  :  "  The  Hurdy  Gurdy  Girl,"  a  musical 
comedy,  3  weeks. 

Sept,  26 — Hackett  :  Florence  Roberts  in  "  The  Struggle  Ever- 
lasting," a  symbolical  play,  2  weeks. 

Sept.  30 — Knickerbocker  :  Howard  Kyle  and  Dorothy  Thomas 
in"Tlie  Evangelist,"  a  melodrama,  2^^  weeks. 

Oct.  1— Herald  Square:  Lew  Fields  in  "The  Girl  Behind 
the  Counter,"  a  musical  comedy,  8^*  weeks. 

Oct.  7 — Casino:  Blanch;;  Ring,  Jefferson  D>  Angelis  and 
Mande  Kivmond  in  "The  Gay  White  Way,"  :i 
musical  comedy,  8  *  weeks. 

Oct.  10 — Weber's  :  Joseph  Weber's  Stoc'i  Company  in  "Hip  ! 
Hip!  Hooray  !  "  a  burie  que,  73^  *  weeks. 

Oct.      14— Wallack's  :  "The  Silver  Girl,"  a  comedy,  3  *  weeks. 

Oct.  14 — Garrick  :  Xewly  Organized  Garrick  Theatre  Com- 
pany in  "  The  .Slep-Sister,"  a  drama,  2  weeks. 

Oct.      15 — Berkeley  :  Opening  under  the  management  of  Aruol  I 

Daly  in  bills  consisting  of  short  plays,    6y^  * 

weeks. 
Oct.      16— Stuy  esaut:    Dedication  by  David  Warfield  In  "  A 

Grand   Army  Man,"  a   domestic    drama,    6}-:;* 

weeks. 
Oct.      19 — Knickerbocker:    Elsie  Janis  in  "The  Hoydeu,"  a 

musical  comedy.  6  week.s. 
Oct.      19 — Majestic:    "The    Top  o'  the  World,"  an  extrava- 
ganza, 6  *  weeks. 
Oct.      21 — Xew  Amsterdam  :  Ethel  .Tackson  and  Donald  Brian 

in  "The  Merry  Widow,"  au  opera  comique,  6* 

weeks. 
Oct.      21 — ^Lyric  :  Bertha  KaMch   in  "  Sappho  and  Phaon,"  a 

tragedy  in  blank  verse,  1  week. 
Oct.      28— Garrick  :  "  Artie,"  a  face,  3  weeks. 
Oct.      28 — Lyric  :  "  Miss  Pocahontas,"  a.  musical  comedy,  2 

.^  weeks. 
Xov.       4 — Wall  xk's  :  Theodore  Roberts  and  Guy  Standing  in 

"The  Right  of  Way," a  melodrama,  4*  weeks. 
Xov.       6 — Madison  Square:  "The  Coming  of  Mrs.  Patrick," 

a  comedy  by  Rachel  Crothers,  2)^  weeks. 
Xov.     11 — Astor:  "Tom  Jon -s,"  a  conic  opera   hv  Edward 

German,   Hobert   Cor.rtreige,   A.  M.  Thompson, 

and  Charles  H.  Taylor,  3  *  weeks. 
Xov.     11 — Liberty  :    Henrietta   Cro.sman  in   "  The   Chr'sfian 

Pilnrim,"  by  J.ames  McArthnr,  an  adaptation  of 

"  The  Pil-.'rim's  Projress." 
Xov.     11 — Lyric  :  Mrs.  Patrick  Campbell  in  repertoire,  1  week. 
Xov.      12 — Garden:  ]May    Itobson    in   "The    Rejuvenation  of 

Annt  Mary,"  a  farce  by   Anne  Warner,   2^* 

weeks. 
Nov.     18— Hackett :  John  Mason  in  "The  Witching  Hour,"  a 

drama  by  Augustus  Th'mas,  2*  we  ks. 
Xov.     18— Criterion  :  .Slarie  Daro  in   '  The  Morals  ot  Marcus," 

a  comedy  by  W.  ,1,  Locke,  2*  weeks. 
Xov.     18— Lyric  :  "The  (iirls  of  llo'land,"  a  comedy  opera  by 

Stanislaus  Stange  and   Reginald  De  Koven,  2  * 

W  £  6  K  S 

Xov.  18— Garrick  :*  "Dr.  Wake's  Patient,"  a  comedy  by  W. 
Gayer  Mackay  and  Robert  Ord,  1  trial  per- 
formance. 

•Nov.  23— Weber's  "The  Thief."  a  burlesque  of  Henri 
Bernstein's  comedy  by  the  same  name. 

Xov.  25— Liberty  :  Chauncev  Olcott  in  "  O'Neill  of  Derry," 
an  Irish  romantic  play. 

X>v.     25— Garrick  :  The  Toymaker  of  Xurember.',"  a  co-nedy. 

Xov.    27— Hippodrome;  The  Auto  Race  Spectacle  and  Circus, 


•  Still  running. 


Information  About  the   City  of  JSTeio    YorJc. 


755 


Thk  Clearing- House  is  at  77  Cedar  Street,  Manhattan  Borough.  Wm.  Sherer  is  manager,  Wra, 
J.  Gilpin, assistant  manager.  Fiftj'-four  banks  are  associated  for  the  purpose  of  exclianging  the  ch?ck>? 
and  bills  the3'  hold  against  each  other.  Other  banks,  not  members  of  the  association,  clear  through 
members.  The  representatives  of  the  members  appear  lit  the  C' earing- House  at  10  o'  clock  a.  m.  every 
business  day,  with  the  checks  and  bills  to  be  exchanged.  The  resulting  balances  are  ascertained  in  about 
an  hour,  and  before  half-past  one  o'clock  those  indebte'i  pav  their  balances,  and  alter  that  hour  the 
other  banks  receive  the  amounts  due  them.     The  Clearing- House  has  been  in  operation  since  185;J. 

Following  are  extracts  from  the  Manager's  annual  report  for  year  ending  September  30,  lUOT:  The 
Clearing-House^    "  ..  -        .  .  .  ...  ... .^ 

balances, 

Kxchanj 

organization  of  Clearing- House  (54  years):  Excliauges,  $1, '856, 617,161, 4;J5;  balances,  $80,285,126,- 

899;  total,  $1,942,902,288,335. 

Banks  are  open  from  10  a.  m.  to  3  p.  m.  ,  and  on  Saturdays  from  10  a.  m.  to  12  noon.    Commercial 

paper,  except  sight  or  demand  bills,  falling  due  on  Saturday  is  payable  on  the  following  business  day. 

NATIONAL  BANKS. 


I^AMK. 


Location. 


Aetna ; 

American  Exchange 
Bank  of  Commerce . 
Bank  of  New  York . . 
Bank  of  N.  America. 

Battery  Park 

Beaver , 

Butchers  A  Drovers' 
'^ nase  ...•....••••.•.. 

Chatham 

Ciiemical 

Citizens'  Central 

City 

Coal  and  Iron 

Consolidated    

Copper 

East  Uiver  

E:u-onean  -  Am'  lean 

l-'ittirxational 

Fii-st  National 

Fourth  National 

Callatin 

Garfield  

Hanover 

linp'  V  rs it  Ti-aders' 
Trvi:ig  Nut'l  PZxc'ge 

l,iborty 

Jjincoln 

Market  and  Fulton  . 

INfeclianics' 

Mercantile 

Mercliants' 

Mercliants'  Exch  ... 

National  Park 

New  .\msterdam 

New  York  County  . . 

Plienis 

Scaboaid  

Second  Xational.  .. 
Siiprinan   


|Greenwich&  Warren 
1:28  Broadway 

01  Nassau  St 

48  Wall  St 

43  E-xchange  Place . . 

24  State  St 

Pearl, cor.  Beaver.. 

683  Broadway 

83  Cedar  St 

192  Broadway 

'J70  Broadway 

820  Broadway 

52  Wall  St 

143  Liberty  St 

56  Broadwaj' 

115  Broadway 

680  Broadway 

Dey  &  Greenwich.. 
3d  Ave.  &  23d  St 

2  Wall  St 

14  Nassau  St 

36  Wall  St 

71  W.  23d  St 

Nassau  St.. cor. Pine 

247  Broadway 

90  W.  Broadway.... 

139  B  road  wa j' 

33  E.  42dSt 

81  Fulton  St 

33  Wall  St . 

195  Broadwav 

42  Wall  St 

257  Bi-oad  waj' 

314  Broadway 

B'  wav,  cor.  39th 

8th  Av. ,  cor.  14th  St. 
Nassau  &  Liberty  St. 

18  Broadway 

5th  Ave.,  cor.  23d 

54thSt.&  AstorC'rt 


Capital. 


$300,000 
5,000,000 
25,  000,000 
2,000,000 
2,000,000 

200,000 

200,000 

300,000 
5,000,000 

450,000 

3,000,000 

2,5-50,000 

25.000,000 

500  000 

1,000,000 

2,000,000 

.      250,000 

10(t,000 

250,000 
10, 000,000 
3,000,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000 
3.000,000 
1,500,000 
2,000,000 
1,000,000 

600,000 
1,000,000 
3,000,000 
3,000,000 
2,000,000 

600,000 
3,000,000 
1.000,000 

600,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000 

500,000 

a/o.ooo 


Surplus  and 

Undivided 

Profits. 


President. 


$321,671 
4,950,000 
14,1*28,090 
3,000,000 
2,:307,570 
130,000 

154,800 
4,650,000 
1,000,000 
5,640,813 
1,150,000 
23,582,022 

630,000 
1,110,000 
2,109,573 

123.580, 
50,000 

450,000 
19,413.000 
3,278,067 
2,466,000 
1,377,038 
9,000,000 
7,063,424 
1,190,000 
2,3ti(i,020 
1,580,000 
l,6(a,8-i6 
3.723,524 
5,000,000 
l,6il,799 

526,578 
8,934,849 

250,000 
1,000,000 

500,000 

1,450,000 

1,900,000 

50,000 


C.  E.  Finhiy. , 

Dumont  Clarke 

V.  P.  Snyder 

Herbert  L.  Griggs.. 
Wm.  F.Havemeyer 

E.  A.  de  Lima 

George  M.  Coffin..., 
i).  H.  Rowland 

A.  B.  Hepburn 

George  M.  Hard 

William  H.  Porter., 
Edwin  s.   Scheuck. 

James  St  i  I  Iman 

John  T.Sproull 

William  ().  Allison. 
Charles  H.  Sabin. . . 
Vincent  Loeser 

B.  S.  Dunn 

S.   iCelly 

George  F.  Baker 

J.  Edwd.  Simmons. 
Sara.  W^oolverton... 

R.  W.   Poor 

.Tas.  T.  Woodward.. 
Edward  Townsend.. 
Lev.is  E.  Pierson. .. 

F.  B.  Scheuck 

Tiiojnas  L.  .lames.. 
-Alex.  Gilbert 

G.  W.  McGarrah.... 
Seth  L.  MillikeUi. .. 

11.  M.  (Callaway 

P.  ('.  Lounsbury  .... 
Richard  Delafield.. 

F.  W.  Ki  nsma  n 

Francis  h.  Leland.. 

F.  E.  Marshall 

Samuel  G.  Bajme. . . 

James  Stillraan 

E.C.  Smith 


Cashier. 


Jas.  Ueuuison. 
Edward  Burns. 
W.  C.  Dnvali. 
Charles  Olney. 
Edward  B.  Wire. 
E.  B.  Lav. 
J.V.  L'giilin(Ass't 
William  H.  Chase. 

E.  .L  Stalker. 
W.H.  Strawn. 
Francis  Halpin. 
A.  K.  Chapman. 
Arthur  Kavaiiagh. 
Addison  H.  Day. 
Thos.  J.  Lewis. 
W.  F.  Albertsen, 
Zenas  E.  Newell. 

F.  W.  Knothott". 
Andrew  Tiiompson 
C.  D.  Backus. 

C.  H.  Patterson. 

G.  E.  Lewis. 
W.  L.  DouglaSi*. 
E.  E.  Whiffciker. 
H.  H.  Powell.      • 
Benj.  F.  Werner. 
James  V.  Lott. 

C.  E.  Warren. 
T.  J.  Stevens. 
Frank  O.  Roe. 
Emil  Klein. 
Z.  S.  Freemsn. 
E.  V.  Gambler. 
Maurice  H.   Ewer. 
E.  O.  Eldrodge. 
James  C.  Brower. 
Bert  L.  Haskins. 
C.  C.  Thompson. 
Joseph  S.  Case, 
("has.  G    CoUer. 


STATE     BANKS. 


Bank  of  .Vraerica  . . . 
.Bank  of  Metropolis. . 

Bower.v 

BronxBor'gh  Bank 

Bryant  Park 

Centnry§  

Cliej.sea  E.vchange. . 

Colonialt 

Columbiatt 

<'<>rn  Exchange^ 

Cosmopolitan 

Fidelitv 

SthAv.BankofN.Y. 


44  Wall  St 

'31  Union  Square. .... 
I  Bowery,  cor.  Grand 
440  E.  Tremont  .\ve. 
:6th  Ave.  and  42d  St. 
Fifth  Ave.&20tli  St. 
.S4tli  St.  and  8th  Av. 
Columbus  Av.  &  81st. 

5th  Ave  ,cor.  42d 

William  &  Beaver.. 
805  Prospect  Ave .... 
Mad.  Ave.,  c.  75th.. 
530  Fifth  Ave 


$l,500,000i 
1,000,000 1 
250,000 
lOO.OOOi 
200,000, 
200,000) 
100,000 
100,000' 
300,0001 
3,000,000| 
100,000 
200,000 
100,000 

I 


§4,535,000.  William  H.  Perkins 
1,700,000, C.  H.  Hackett 

781,000!  John  S.  Foster 

-.  116.696|C.  .\.  Becker 

100,000,  W.  W.  Warner 

1 50 .600 1 H .  L.  C  i-a  w  f  <  >  rd 

118,728  Irving  M.  Shaw 

450,000' Alexander  Walker. 

483,000i Joseph  Fox 

4,993,344j  William  A.  Nash  .. 
2,420  C.  A.   Becker    

149,455 1  Ed  ward  H.Peaslee. 
1,859,926 i  A.  S.   Frissell 


W.  M.  Bennet. 

E.  C.  Evan,^. 
Charles  Essig. 
Jay  liehrbach. 

F,  F.  Giese. 
C.S.Mitchell  (Ass't 
A    E.Stilger. 
Geo.  S.Carr. 

W.  S.  Griftitl). 

Fred'k  T.  ^Jurtin. 

C.Baunach  (  A.sh'1). 
lE.W.DuttOM. 
IB.  H.  Fancher. 


t  Branches  at  B'  way,  cor.  66tlj.  78th  and  103d  Sts.;  Columbus  Ave. ,  92d  St. ,  and  cor.  105th  St.  ; 
lieth  St. ,  cor.  7th  .\.ve.  t  Branches,  530,  1178.  2902  B' wav,  23  Astor  PI.,  Columbus  Ave.  and  72d 
St.. 5th  Ave.  ,  cor.  19th  St. ;  42d  St..  cor.  8th  Ave. ;  7  K.  42d  St..  Ave.  D,  cor.  10th  St.;  cor.  Grand 
and  Norfolk  Sts. .  34  Union  Sq.;  100  W.  125th  St.,  Amsterdanx  Ave.  and  143d  St. .  520  WiUis.-Vve. ; 
Brooklyn— C)urt  and  Montague  Sts.  ;  19  Flatbush  Ave.  ;  Queens  County  Branch,  Borden  Ave,  jind 
Front  St.  ;  75  Fulton  Ave.,  Queens;  Franklin  Stand  Greenpoint  Ave. ;  116  Main  St.,  Flushing; 
Jackson  Ave.  and  Fifth  St.;  also  N^w  Brighton,  S.  I.  ft  Branch  407  Broadway.  5  Branch  104th 
St,  aiid  Broadway. 


756 


Information  About  the  City  of  Jsfew  York. 


STATE    BANKS— MANHATTAN    AND    BRONX— 6'o/i<//i/fecZ. 


>i  AMK. 


L.<>r;iti'>n. 


rourieentu  .Street  . . 
Germau-Americaa  . 
German  Exchange. . 

Garinauia 

»     Greenwich 

Hamilton 

Euugariau-  Am'  c'  n 

Interboro' 

International 

Jefferson 

Manhattan  t'ompa'  y 
^Mechanics  &  Traders 

Metropolitan 

Monnt  Morris 

jMutual  

Nassau 

New  Netherland 

N.  Y.  Produce  Esch. 

Nightand  Day 

•  Nineteenth  Wai'd... 

Northern 

Oriental 

Pacific 

People's 

Plaza  

Riverside 

Hoyal 

State 

Twelfth  Ward** 

Twenty-third  Ward 

Union  Exchange 

TJ.  S.  Exchange 

AVashingtou  H'ghts. 
W^ells,  Fargo  &  Co's 

\Vestside    

Vorkville  


!1E.  14thSt.(h) 

'23  Broad  St 

330  Bowery 

190  Bowery 

402  Hudson  St.tt.... 

215  W.  r25thSt 

32  Broad  waj'; 

149  Wall  St 

'60  Wall  St 

105  Canal  St 

:40  Wall  St 

565  Broadway  (d). . . 
4th  Ave.  «fe23dSt.(c) 

85  E.  125th  St 

B'way,c.  33d  St 

9  Beekman  St 

41  W.  34th  St 

Produce  Exch.  § 

5th  Ate. &  44th  St  .. 
3d  Ave.  &  57th  St. (e). 

69'J  Broadway 

182  Broadway  t 

470  Broadway 

395  Canal  St 

5th  Ave., c.W. 58th.. 
8th  Ave., c.  57th  St. . 
95  Nassau  St 

378GraudSt.it 

125lh,  c.  Lex'  n  Ave.. 
135thSt.&3d  Ave.§i. 
5th  Ave.  cfe21stSr... 

23  W.  125tliSt 

Amstm.  Ave.  &155tli 

51  Broadway 

487  Eighth  Ave 

85tli  St..  f.  Sd  Ave 


C;il)n:il. 


§1,000,000 
750,000 
200,000 
200,000 
500,000 


Surplus 
1^4207000 


Presiileiit. 


R,  Ross  Appleton.. 

550.000  Casimir  Tag 

700,175  Chas.  L.Adrian.... 
9t)0,515' Edward  C.  Schaefer 
716,507  Wm.  C.  Duncan 


100,000 

200,000 

500,000 

5(X),000 

2,050.000 

2.000,000!- 

2,000,000,  ■■§ 

250.000':- 

200,000j-' 
50(1,000  "^ 
200,000 
1,000,000 
200,000 
300.000  3 

300 .000  p 

750.0001  bo 
500,0001.3 
200,000 1 -3 

100.000  3 

100.0001  H 
100,000  ^ 

1,000,000 
200,000 
100,000 
750,000 
1(10,000 
100,000 

100,000 

200,000 
100,0(10 


100,000 
110,734 
120,000 
69o,9U2 
3,050,000 
913,000 
987,891 
235,344 
30U,045 
31)5.499 
210,856 
5(i4,868 
260,000 
474.400 
241,000 
1,250,000 
798,951 
455,8241 
350.000 
'>l'tl,750 

30.000 
780,144 
230,000 
185.000 
903.700 

37,1(39 
183,552 

36,000 
741,000 
391,905 


W.  H.  Bryan 

A.  v..  G.  Good  ridge. 

T.  H.  Hubbard 

Herman  Broesel 

.Stephen  Baker 

David  A.  Sullivan.. 
Henry  Ollesheinier. 

!..  M.  Schwau 

Cliarles  A.  Sackett. 

W.  H.  E.jger.s 

K.  R.  B.  (iould 

Forrest  II.  Parker.. 

A.  D.  Bennett 

W.   M.  Van  Norden 

Leo  Schle.singer 

Hugh  Kelly 

H.  B.  Brundrett 

Scott  Foster 

NV.  ^IcAr.   Mills  .... 

.James  T.  Wood 

Philip  Sugerman  . . . 
Oscar  L.  Richard... 
Thomas  Simpson. . . 
Charles  W.  Bogart. 

H .  S.  Herman 

.lohn  .1.  (.iibbous 

John  Whalen 

It.  B.  Parsons 

C.  F.  Tietjen 

R.  \'an  derEmdc.. 


Cashier. 


Louis  V.  Ennis. 
.T.  F.  Frederich.s, 
E.  F.  Swanberg. 
LoftinLove. 
Clarence  Foote. 


"Ro.ss  A.  Curruu. 
H.W.Baker. 
.1.  H.  Rogers. 
Wm.  H.  Devlin, 

D.  H.  Pierson. 
A.  M.  Dederer. 
A.  C.  Corley. 
L.  H.  Kill. 
Hugh  N.  Kirkland. 
Edward  Earl. 
Curtis  J.  Beard. 
John  R.  Wood. 

G.  L.  WilmA"diiig. 
John  N.  Van  Pelt. 
Henry  A.  Belden. 
(.T.  W.  Adams. 
Sam.  C.   Merwin. 
William  Milne. 

E.  I\!.  Clarke. 
H.  H.  Bizalliou. 

F.  C.  Straat. 
A.  I.  Voorhis. 
F.  B.  French. 
Geo.  E.  Edwards. 
David  Kevins. 

.1.  J.  O'Shaugno-ssy. 
William  Clark. 
A.  W.Zimniermann 
Walter  Westervel  I. 
W.L.  Fraiikenhach. 


fAlso  cor.  li.pweiy  :iuil  liran  i  St.  ^  Also  Madison  Ave.,  near  60lh  St..  cor.  Ccluml'US  Ave.  ami  9:id  St.,  cc.  581  h  St.  and  7;h 
Ave.jCcr.  llSlh  St.  and  3d  Ave.,  cor.  10;d  St.  ami  Ist  Ave.,  ami  B' way  ami  S6thSt.,  ManhnttanSt.  .ind  .Amstt-rdMn  .^^  e. 
tf-  Also  at  5;60  W.  B'way,  874,  1440  B'wav,  l.;5  V/illiam  St.  ft  Also  5th  Ave.  and  W.  115th  St.  §§  Also  Ht.u  Boston  itoad,  iin'd 
ic<08  Third  Ave.  **  Also  HS  East  lieth  St.,  and  1925  Tl:ird  Ave.;  (c)  also  100  William  St.,  .md '271  Hmadwav;  (d)  .lis  > 
Broadway  and  45th  St.;  6:3  Mulison  Ave.;  in  Brooklyn,  2495  Atlanti<;  Ave.,  44  Court  St.,  894  Manhattan  Ave.,  476  Kult' u 
St.,  7'.t  Hamilton  Ave.,  S02, 1246,  1550,  1572  Broadway,  216  Flushing  Ave.;  (e)  also  242  E.  SiUh  St.,  180  E.  1-ld,  St.,  cor.  34thSt; 
and  yd  Ave. ;  (li)  also   o56  Vi'.  14th  St.  and  -2  Avenue  A. 

IJauIta  for  .SabinB.a  m  JWanfjattan  aiitf  Uronx. 


Name. 


Location. 


American 115  W^.  4'.<d  St 

Bank  for  Savings...  4th  Av.,  c.  22d  St. 


President. 


Edward  V.  I.oew. 
Walter  Trimble.. 


\V.  II.  S.Wood... 
II.  F.  Hutchinson. 


130  Bowery.., 
.1  Park  riace.. 
455  Trenioiit  Ave..i\Vm.  B.  Aitken 

5S  Bowery !  Henry  Hasler. 

near!Jobn  HaSen... 


Bowery 

Broa'iway 

Brnnz 

Citizens' 

Dollar Third    Ave. 

Dry  T»ock '^^41  Bowery |Ancirew  Mills 

East  Kiver i'iiiO  Broadway |D.S.  Uanisay , 

Emigrant  IndustrialiSl  Chambers  St...jThomag  M.  Mulry ... 

Empire  City 2:51  W,  135th  St...|  Isaac  A.  Hopper 

Excelsior 23d  St.,  c.  6  th  Av.i  William  J.  Ivoome.... 

Franklin 8thAve.,c.  42 J  St.;  William  G.  Conklin., 


German |4th  Ave.,  c.  14th St 


(Jreenwich 
Harlem  . . . 
Irving 


248  .Sixth  Ave.... 
22S1  Tliir.l  Ave... 
115  Chambers  St. . 


It.iliau '64  Spring  St. 


Maiden  Lane ^170  Rvoulway  . ... 

Manhattan  .. .-. |<i44  Broadway 

Jletropolitan 'l  Third  .\ve 

New  Vork ]8th  Ave.,c.l4thSt, 

North  Kiver  (q; 131  W.  34th  St 

North  Side '3196Thir.l  Ave  .. 

Seamen's 74  Wall  St 

Union  Dime...  , 
Union  Square..., 
United  .States  .. 


B'wav,  c..32dSt., 
2b  Union  Sq.  E... 
606  Madison  Ave. 


Casimir  Tag... 

.Tames  Quinlan 

William  E.  Trotter.., 
Wm.  II.  B.  Totten... 
Josi'ph  N.  Francolini 

I.'iiis  Windinuller 

.loseph  Bird 

.1.  15.  Ciirrey . . 

Win.  Felsinger , 

.Satnuel   I).  Styles.. . . 

.lohn  .1.  Barry... 

Daniel  Barnes 

C:ha3.  E.  .''pra-'ue ., 

K.  M.  Hurlbut , 

Const.  A.Andrews... 


Washington 59tU  .S>.    and    Co-!. loseph  G.  Robin. 

I      Inmbus  Circle.   ' 
West  Side !Sixth.\v.,c.9thSt.  Stephen  G.  Cook. 


-\o.  ol: 
Deposi- 


162,0i5 

151,109 
14,00U 

29'419 
31,600 

69,614 

25,728 
119,70 

20,080 

45,127 

128,605 

92.801 

4li.f;00 

28.592 

9,253 

3,200 
21,884 
lo,0:3 

1..508 
9a. .535 
90,669 
13,2S,n 
10,458 

6,445 

9,458 


$-,^. 396,914 
91,003,614 

99.779,539 
10,461,755 


15,061,993 
6,030,000 

34,11,0,172 

25.408,311 

-94,932,659 

3,558.80 

7,897,691 

17,023,197 

66,10'),428 


60.621,1  Co  4 

17,280,722  4 

20,117,7701  4 

2,313,8611  4 


4 
4 

4 

4 
4 
4 
4 

4 
4 
4 
3-4 


4 

•i)/.. 


5*5.0f'0| 

ll.:o;i,75-^ 

10,21 6,(100 

20,422,489 

8.021.253 

v97.394l 

68.966,507 1 

2:.,'i2\S7S| 

8,.568,542, 

3,815,125 

1,100,068 

2,209,910 


4 
4 

3J- 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 


Unless  otherwise  state'l 
Surplus.         tfenks  close  at  12  nooa 

on  Saturdays. 

$677862 ' t  A.  M.  to  4  p.  M.'  (  a  ) 
6,224,&63i  10  A.  M.  to  3  p.  m.;   Monday 

'  10  A.  M.  to  6  V.  M. 
7,502,999'l0  A.  M.  to  3  p.  m. 
eOO.OoojlO  A.  M.  to  3  p.  M. 
....       0A.M.to4  p..M.;M'>n.,6  to9r.M. 
1,602,919  10  A.  M.  to  3  p.  M. 
122,000  10,A.  M.  to3  p.  M.;(a) 


2.331.800 

2.646.771 

7,113.992 

70,799 

356,59- 

1,024.000 
4,732,006 

4.04«,506 

85:!.y0i> 

673.812 

3§,o..i 

fi.ooo 

735,i 

5.S'^,(00 

2,0-^4,l<23 

325, b37 

5,500 

5,493,379 

1,3>»2,595 

624,315 

55,037 

-     -'.514 

60,000 


10  A.  M.  to  3  p.  M. 

10  a.  m.  to  3  p.  M. 

,10  A.  .M.  to  3  p.  M. 

19  A.  M.  to  3  p.  M.;  f.i) 
llO  A.  M.  to  3  p.  M.;  Moil., 6  to 
I     8p.m.  also,  (f ) 
10  a.  m.  to  3  P.  M.   (a) 
[lO  A.  M.  to  3  P.  M.;   Monday, 
A.  M.  to  8  p.  M.  also. 

M.  to  3  p.  .\I. 

.M.  to  3  P.  M.    (a) 

M.    to  3  p.  M. 

.M.  to3p.  M.,  Mon.  and 
7  to  9  p.  M.  also. 


$  Subject  to  change,      (a)  Open  Moiulay  nights  also.     (b> 
Except  Juue,  July,  August,  and  September.     (g>  Not  open  Ss 


Not   open  Saturday  evenings  iu  Ju 
turUay  eve.  iu  July  and  August,     (q 


9  A.  M.  10  5.30  r.  M. 
,10  a.  m.  to  4  p.  M. 

in  A.  .M.   to  3  P.  M.  fa) 
!0  A.  M.  to  3  p.  M.;  (a) 

|lO  A..M.to3p.M.  Jlon.  t  .  8  p.m. 

■9  A.  M.  to  4  p.  M.;  (;;) 

10  A.  M,    to  2  p.  M. 

'10  a.  m.  to  3  p.  M.;  (a) 

10   A.  M.    to  3  p.  M. 

,10  A.  M.  to  4  p.  M.;  Sat.,  10  to 
I     12  noon,  and  7  to  9  P.M.  (b  I 
9  A.  M.  to  3  p.  ,M.;   Mon.  :ind 
1     .Sat., 6  (08  p.  M.. also.    (,g; 
9  A.  M.   to  3  p.  M.    (:"i) 

ly,  Augu.'it.  September,     (f  > 
)  Report  of  December,  1906. 


Infonnatimi  About  the   City  of  Neio   York. 


157 


iUault.a  in  3Sroo^li>u  autr  <^iutns« 


NATIONAL    AND 

STATE 

BANKS. 

Name. 

Location. 

Capital. 

Surplus  and 

Undivided 

Profits. 

President. 

Cashier. 

Baukof  Long  Island 

Jamaica  §§ 

$500,000 
150^000 

200,  (H)O 
252,01.0 

1,000,000 
100,000 
750,000 
300,000 
100,000 
100,000 
100,000 

Al)>'oi't) 
25,000 

$225,000 

In  liquid 

416,585 

In  liquid 

In  liquid 

50,000 

739,534 

844,533 

55,000 

875,000 

600,000 

217.644 

23,287 

25,000 

ed  by  Mec 

32,593 

S.  11.  Smith 

ation 

\V.  D.  Llewellyn. 

Borough 

20Court  at 

Broadway 

Brook!  vu 

12  Graham  Ave 

Clinton  &  Fulton  Sts. 
Kent  Ave.  <feB'way. 
Penna.  «fc  Liberty  Av 

84  Broad \va j- 

Court  &  Montague. . . 
Filth  Av.  &Uuiou.St. 
26  Court  Ht 

H.  Battermau 

ation     ............  . 

George  F.  Moger. 

Fi  rst  Natioual. .:.... 

ation 

Honipstead 

\Vm.  F.  Wyckoflf..  . 

A.  I).  Seymour 

Geo.  W.Chauncey.. 
Heiuy  M.  Kandall. 

I'honias  T.  Barr 

Charles  T.Young 

I'anl  E.  Bonner 

Wtu.  E.  Harmon. .. 
William  P.  lleid.... 
hanic'sand  Trader's 
Wm.F.Wyckoff.... 

H^    D   .loliMSfin 

iNlanufact'ers'  Nat . 

IMechauics'  § 

^loiitauk 

J.  C.  Nightingale. 
Chas.  a.  Balraauno 
H.  B.  Conlin. 

Na^ssau  Natioual 

naniclV.  liegeman 
Henry  M.WeJls. 
Henry  Piilman. 
T.ScherickKemsen 
George  F.  Frost. 

National  City 

North  side 

Prospect  Park 

Terminal 

350  Fulton  St 

33,  710  GrandSt.Jt.. 
f  latbu.sh  &  Ch.  Avs. 

81  Sands  Street 

44  Court  St 

Union 

Bank,  New  York. 

Woodhaveu 

Woodhaven 

H.  M.  De  Bonde. 

§Branchesat5th  Ave.  and  9th  St.,  Scliermerhorn  St. ,  near  Flathush  Ave.,  Atlantic  and  Georgia 
Aves.,  4th  Ave.  and  Atlantic.  §§  Branches  at  Jamaica,  Flushing,  Far  Rockaway,  Kockaway  Beach, 
Kichmoud  Hill,  Elmhui-st,  College  Point,  L.  1.  City.     Jt  Also  Broadway,  cor.  LorimerSt. 


i3anUu  for  ^abiun;a  in  l^rocltlpn  antJ  <aucen?jf. 


Kamk. 


Locatiun. 


President. 


Brevoort Nostrand  Ave.  [Howard  M. Smith 

&  Macon  St  ..! 
Brooklyn..  ..  Clinton&Pierre- Bryan H.  Smith.. 

pont  St,s.  I 

Bushwick —  Grand  St.,  cor.  Jere.  E.  Brown.. 

Graham  Ave.! 
City 4th  &  FlatbushlR.PvUshmore 

Aves. 
College  Point.  5th  St.  &  2d  Av.  Geo.  L.  Gillette. . . 


Dime ;Court  &Remsen 

Sts. 
Dimeof  Will-  52Broadway — 

iamsburg.     I 
E.  Brooklyn. .  643  Myrtle  Ave. 

East.  District! Broadway  and 
I    Gates  Ave. 

H  New  York' Atlantic  and 
I    Penna.  Aves. 

German 'Broadway    and 

i     Boerum  St. 

Germania 375  Fulton  St.  . . 


Greater  New- 
York. 
Greenpoint... 

Guardian 

Hamburg 

Jamaica 

Kings County 

L.  I.  City 


498  Fifth  Ave... 

1 845    Manhattan 

Ave. 
3d  Av..&o3dSt. 
250  Bleecker  St. 

Jamaica 

; Broadway  and 
I  Bedford  Ave. 
21  Jacksou  Ave. 


J.  L.  Marceilus. . . 
W.  P.  Sturgis.... 
Thos.  J.  Atkins.. 
Lewis  E.  Meeker 
Fred.  Middeudorf 
Charles  Naeher. . . 
Chas.  A.  Schieren 
C.J.  Oberniayer.. 
Timothy  Perry. . . 


Queens  Co I  Flushing 

S.  Brooklyn.) Atlantic    Ave. 

I    and  Clinton  St. 

Williamsb'  r  g  B'  wa.v  &  Driggs 


James  Moffett. . . .  2,300 
Wm.A.  Waruock.  8.076' 
Hubert  G.Taylor.   15,915 

W.J.  Buruett....    16,000 

L.  M.  Franklin..  5.980 
Wm.  J.  Coombs..   35,263 

J.  V.  Meserole. . . .  100,4o8 


No.  of 
Deposi- 
tors. 


IKati 
of 
ftit  -^ 


10,150,  $■2,321,696;  314 

I 

70,000  45,000,000!  4 


11,488 
7,600 

70,352 

«  •  •  • 

15,485 
18,731 
7,500 
31,215 
14,950 
10,250 
14,500 


4,229,425  4 

2,066,000  4 

32,821,929  4 

6,867,311  4 

6,361,724  4 

2,999,679  4 

2,400,000  4 


11,469  375 

7,817,429 
1,878,645 
5,600,000 


423,000  4 

3,729,222  4 

12,447,060,  4 

4,390,000  4 

2,086,432  4 
19,673,670:  4 

51,983,282  4 


Surplus. 


Biisiiiess    Uuurs. 
[Unless  otherwise  stated  banks 
close  at  1'.'  noon  on  Saturdays.] 

$46.3o6l9  .A.  M.   to  3  P.    M.  ;  also 
I     Monday,  7  to  9  P.  M. 
4,200,000,10  A.  M.  to  3  P.  M.;  Mou- 
I    dav,  5  to  7  p.  M.  also. 
162,191,10  .A.  M.  to  3  P.M. ;  Mon- 
day, 4  to  7  P.  M.  also. 
53,237  9  a.  -M.  to  3  P.  M. ;  Mon- 
day, 6  to  8  r.  .^i.  also. 

10  .4.'m.  to  3  P.  M.  ;  Sat., 

10  A.   M.    to  12  noon.; 

I     Wed. &  Sat.,6  to  8  p.m. 

1,976,523  9  a„  m.  to  3  P.  Ji. ;  Mou- 

I    da}',  5  to  7  p.  M.  also. 
■  316,726'l0  A.  M.  to  3  P.  M. ;  Mon- 
I    day,  5  to  7  p.  m.  also. 
219,140.9  a.  m,  to  3  p.  m.  ;  Mon- 

/    day  7  to  9  p.  m.  also. 
67,000  10  a.m.  to  3  P.M. ;  Mon.  & 

I    Sat.,6  to  8  p.  M.  also. 
156,221  9  A.  .M.  to  3  p.  M.  ;  Mou- 

I    day,  6  to  8  p.  m.  also. 
445,560  10  A.  M.  to  3  P.  M. :  Mou- 

I    day,  5  to  8  p.  m.  also. 
317,800  9  A.  M.  to  3  P.  M.:  Mon- 

I    dav,  5  to  7  p.  M.  al.so. 
33,600  9  A.  M.  to  4  p.  M. ;  Mon- 

I     dav,  7  to  9  P.  M.  al.so. 
600,000,9  A.  M.  to  2  P.  M.  ;  Mon- 
day 6  to  8  p.  M.  also. 

9  A.  M.  to  4  p.  if. 

3,000  9  A.M.  to  3  i'.M.Mon.8P.M. 
164,674  9  A.  M.  to  3  P.  M. 
710,086  9  A.  M.  to  3  p.  .M.;  Mon- 

I    dav,  4  to  7  p.  M.  also. 
288,000  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  M. ;  Mou- 

I    d;iv5  to  8  p.  m.  also. 
69,676  10  A.  .M.  to  3  P.  M. 

2.061.201  9a.  m.  to  3  p.  M.  ;  l\Iou- 
I    day, 6  to  8  p.m.  also. 

6.040.202  10  A.  M.  to  3  p.  M. 


'  Subject  to  change. 


cSafc  Heposit  iSromijauieii  in  ilrootil^n  an^  (auents. 


Brooklyn  City,  Montague  and  Clinton  streets. 

Brooklyn  Warehouse  and  Storage  Company,  333 
Schermerhorn  Street. 

Eagle  Warehouse  and  Storage  Company,  28  Ful- 
ton Street. 

Franklin,  166  Moo ta^ue  Street* 


Long  Island,  Fulton  and  Clinton  .Streets. 

Long  Island  Storage  and  Safe  Deposit,  Nostrand 

and  Gates  Aves. 
Manufacturers' .  84  Broadway. 
Pioneer,  41  Flatbush  Avenuei. 


758 


Information  About  the   City  of  N'eio   YorJc. 


^xunt  ©^onrpanfrs  in  NtiM  ¥ort  O^tt^* 


Name. 


Astor 

Bankers' 

Bowling  Green. 

Broadway 

Carnegie 

Certral 

Columbia 

Commercial.  . . . 
Commonwealth . 

Empire 

Equitable 

Farmers'      Loan 

&   Trust  Co.., 

Fidelity 

Fiftli   Avenue... 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Guaranty 

Guardian 

Home 

Hudson 

International.  .  . 
Italian-Ameri'n, 
Knickerbocker. . 
Liawyers'     Title 

Ins.&  Trust  Co. 

LiuLOln 

Manhattan 

Mercantile 

Metropolitan.  .  . . 

Morton 

Mutual 

♦Mutual  Alliance 
N.    Y.    Life    Ins. 

Trust    Co 

Ne'v  York 

Standard 

Title     Guarantee 

&  Trust   Co. . . 
Trust     Company 

of    America  — 

Union 

U.    S.    Mortgage 

&   Trust  Co... 
United  States.  . . 
tVan  Norden. . . 
Washington. . . . 
Windsor 


Location. 


5th  Ave.  '&  36th  St. . 

7  Wall  St 

26  Broadway 

756  Broadway 

115  Broadway 

54  Wall  St 

26  Nassau  St 

B'way  &  37th  St 

27  Pine  St 

42  BroadwayJt 

15  Nassau  St 

22    William    St.,    475 

5th   Ave 

Chamb's  &  Hud'n  Sts 

51  i  Fifth  Ave 

140  Broadway 

30  Nassau  St 

28  Nassau  St 

170  Broadway 

20  Vesey  St.J 

147  W.  42d  St 

(In  liquidation.) 

522  Broadway 

358  Fifth  Ave 


59  Liberty  iSt 

1128  B'way,208  othAv 
Wall  &  Nassau  Sts. . . 

120   Broadway 

49  Wall  St 

38  Nassau  St 

Portchcster 

66  Beaver  St 


52  Wall  St 

26  Broad  St . . . 
25  Broad  St . . . 

170  Broadway. 


37  Y/all  St.§... 
80  Broadway  tt- 


55  Cedar  St 

45   Wall   St 

5th  Ave.  &  60th  St. 
253  Broadway 

571  Fifth  Ave.**.  . 


Capital. 


$1,250,000 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

700,000 

1,500,000 

1,000,000 

1.000,000 

500.000 

250,000 

500.000 

3,000,000 

1,000,000 
750.000 

1,000,000 

(See 

500.000 

2,000,000 
500.000 
750,000 

i,ooo,oor 

500.000 
(In  liquid 

4,000.000 
1,000,000 
1.000,000 
2.000.000 
2,000,000 
2.000.000 
300,000 
500,000 

1,000,000 
3,000.000 
1,000,000 

4,375,000 

2,000,000 
1,000,000 

2.000,000 
2.000,000 
1,0(30,000 
500.000 
1.000.  OiX) 


(Surplus 

&  Undiv. 

Profits. 


?251,215 
1,426,000 
3,154,380 


835,724 

15,796,237 

1,150.000 

311.667 

176,462 


10,556,000 

6,469,185 
750,000 

1,609,.508 

Brooklyn 
765,000 

6,402,782 
607, 0(H) 
400,000 
170,000, 

60,0001 
ation.) 

6,056.240 

488.608 

2,161,253 

7,146,000 

7.345,1.50 

8,201,262 

60.000 

539,597 

4,022,104 

10.65:^.062 

1,5727658 

7,910,000 

10,000,000 

7,787,963 


President.         (       Secretary. 


E.  C.  Converse .  . 
E.  C.  Convei-se.  . 
Edwin  Gould . . . 
jri.  M.  Belding,  Jr 
Leslie  M.  Shaw. 
J.  N.  Wallace... 
R.   S.   Bradley... 

R.    R.    Moore 

P.  R.  Eomeisler. . 
L.  W.  Baldwin.., 
A.  W.  Krech 

E.  S.  Marston . . . . 
S.  S.  Conover. . . 
Levi   P.    Morton. 

table  below.) 
H.    C.    Swords... 
J.  W.  Castles 

F.  W.  Woolworth 
J.  E.  Swanstrom. 
E.    R,   Chapman. 


Gerli. 


E.  W.  Coggeshall 

Frank  Tilford 

J.  1.  Vv'^aterbury . 
W.C.Poillon,V,P. 

Bray  ton    Ives 

Levi  i'.  Morton. . 
Geo.  R.  Read... 
Paul  Schwarz. . . . 

Henry  Parish. . . . 
O.  T.  Bannard.. 
Wm.    C.   Lane . . . 

C.   H.  Kelsey 

O.   Thorne 

Edward  King, . . . 


G.  W.  Pancoast 
B.  Strong,  Jr. 
W.  M.  Laws. 
J.  W.H.Bergen. 
F.    H.    Parker; 
Geo.  Bertine. 
L.*  W.  Wiggin. 
A.   Higgins. 
L.  A.  Rapelvea. 
H.  M.  Gough. 
F.  W.  Fulle. 

A.  V.  Heelv. 
A.  H.  Mars. 
Jas,   M.   Pratt. 


H.  W.  Reighley. 
E.  C.  Hebbard. 
L.   C.  Haynes. 
H.  A.  Davidson 
H:.  C.  Stra-hmann 


A.  Baur. 


M.  Gumming. 
W.   Sheldon. 


4.652,796  G 

13.000,000|E 

1.520,000]  Vv^M.VanNorden. 

l,000,000ID.  M.  Morrison.. 

500. 000* J.   A.   Y^oung 


W.  N.  Vail. 

F.  Phillips. 
C.   H.   Smith. 

G.  Richards. 
J.  C.  Klinck. 
H.   M.   Francis. 
Dean  Smith. 
W.F.H.Koelsch 

G.  M.  Corning. 
P.  J.  Home. 
W.  C.  Cox. 

J.  W.  Cleveland. 

F.  L.  Hilton. 
J.  V.  B.  Thayer. 

C.  Brewer. 
H.    E.   Ahern. 
A.   K.  Wood. 
M.  .S.  Lott. 
A.  G.  Norrie. 


*Also  at  323  Grand  Street  and  Lenox  Avenue  and  116th  Street.  tBranch  at  320  Grand 
Street.  JAlso  184  Montague  Street,  Brooklj'n.  §Branch  222  Broadway,  ft  Also  Fifth  Ave- 
nue and  Thirty-eighth  Street.  **Also  32  Nassau  Street.  .t$Also  242  East  Houston  Street, 
487  Fifth   Avenue. 

BROOKLYN    TRUST    CONIPANIES. 


Name. 


& 


Location. 


Capital. 


177  Montague  St.... 
B'wav  &  iSumner  Av. 

839  Fiatbush  Ave 

164  Montague  St.tt.. 

191  Montague  St 

184  Monta.gue  St 

Gates  i&  Nostr'd  Avs. 
342  Fulton    St 


44   Court   St 

B'wav  Sz  Bedford  Ave 
181  Montague  St 

196  Montague  St 

B'way  &  Kent  Ave. .  . 


$i,ooo.()or> 
500.  ocn 

200.000 
1,500,000 

500.000 
(See  table 
(in   1irn;i'"' 

500.000 

1,000.000 

5lV).000 

1,000.000 

(See  tabic 
'.In   liquid 


t Brooklyn. . . . 

*Citizens' 

Fiatbush , 

Franklin 

Hamilton 

Home 

Jenkins 

Kings   County 
L.     I.     Loan 

Trust     Co... 

**Nassau 

tPeooles' 

§Title  Guarantee 

&  Trust   Co. .. 

Wniiamsl'urg.  .  ■ 

•  Also  198  Montague  Street.  ^Branches  at  Belford  Avenue  and  Halsey  Street  and  Clin- 
ton and  Mvrtle  Wennes.  JBranches  at  120."  Fulton  Street;Manh3ttan  Branch.  90  Broadway. 
*»Rr1inoh  ".^56  Fulton  Street,.  ^Branches  at  175  Remsen  Street.  350  FuUon  Street.  Jamaica, 
L    I     ana  67  Jackson  Avenue.  Long  Island  City.     ttAlso  140  Pioadway,   Manhattan. 


Sui'plus 

&  Undiv. 

Profits. 


;?2, 183,556 
170,653 
205,000 

1."66(i.OOO 
above.) 
ation.) 
1.665,211 

1.600.000 

.546,970 

1,627.574 

above.) 
ation.) 


President. 


Theo.   F.   Millei-. 

X.    S.   Jonas 

J.    Z.    Lott 

G.  Hf  Southard.. 
S.    B.   Dutcher. .  , 


J.    D.   Fairchild. 

Edw.  Merritt... 
A.  T.  Sullivan.. 
C.  A.  Boody 


Secretary. 


W.  Husted. 
J.  H.  Conroy. 
E.  D.  Fisher. 
C.  D.  Ludlum. 
Geo.   Hadden. 


Thos.    Blake. 

F.  T.  Aldridge. 
IT.    F.   Burns. 
C.  L.  Schenck. 


Information  About  the   City  of  New    York. 


759 


^u^lximn  antr  ^(ixntn  in  plaufjattau  antr  iJron^e. 


Association  for  Relief  of  Respectable  Aged  lu- 
digeut  Females, 891  Amsterdam  Ave. 

Bal)ies' Shelter,  Church  lioly  Commuuion,  Kecep- 
lioii  House,  49  W.  20th  St. 

Baptist  Home  for  Aged,  E.  68th  St.  and  Park  Ave. 

Berachah  Orphanage  House  Ileception,6908th  Ave. 

]'.ide-a-\Vee  Home  (for  animaN),  145  W.  SStti  SU 

Blind  Asylum.  Blackwell's  Island. 

Bloomiugdale  Insane  Asylum, White  Plains,  N.  Y. 
Office,  7  Vv'.  IStli  St. 

Brace  Farm  School  for  Boys,  105  "E.  22d  St. 

Brace  Memorial  ■  Bodging  House,  14  New 
Chambers  St. 

Catliolic  Protectory,  Van  Nest  Station,  office  415 
Broome  St. 

Chapiu  Home  tor  the  Aged  and  Infirm,  151  E.  66th 
St. 

Cluirity  Organization  Society,  105  E.  22d  St. 

Chebra  Hachuosaih  Orchim.  See  Hebrew  Shelter- 
ing House  and  Home  for  Aged. 

ChiUlreu's  Aid  Society,  executive  office  105  E, 
22d  St, 

Children's  Temporary  Home,  442  W.  23d  St, 

Christiau  Home  for  Girls,  217  E.  62d  St. 

Christian  League  "Women's  Industrial  Home.  5  E. 
12th  St. 

Christian  Workers,  129  E.  10th  St. 

Christie  St.  House,  129  Christie  St. 

Christliches  Madchenheim,  217  E.  62d  St. 

Colored  Orphan  Asylum,  W.  261st  St., near  River- 
dale  Ave. 

Co-operative  Home, 444  W.  23d  St. 

C'rittentou,  Florence,  Mission,  21  Bleecker  St. 

Barrach  Home  for  Crippled  Children,  118  W.  104th 

Day* School  and  Home  for  Crippled  Children,  21U 

Madison  Ave. 
Deaconess  Home  (Baptist),  S12  W.  54f  h  St. 
Dominican  Convent  Our  Ladv  of  Rosary  (Home 

for  Destitute  Child ren),a29  K.  63d  St. 
Edgewater  Creche,  C.  D.  Kellogg,  Treas. ,  105  E. 

22d  St. 
Elizabeth  Home  for  Girls,  307  E.  12th  St. 
J£Qiergency  Shelter  for  Women  with  Children,  311 

E.  12th  St 
Eva  Home,  153  E.  62d  St. 
Five  Points  House  of  Industry,  155  Worth  St 
Five  Points  Mission,  63  Park  St. 
Florence  .Home  for  Working  Girls,  140  E.  14th  St. 
Foundling  Asylum,  175  E.  68th  St.,  near  3d  Ave. 
Free  Home  for  Destitute  Young  Girls,  23  E.  11th  St. 
French  Evangelical  Home  for  Young  Women,  341 

W.  30th  St. 
German  Lutheran  Emigrant  Home,  4  State  St. 
German  Odd  Fellows'  Home  and  Orphan  Asvlum, 

Havemeyer  Ave.,  near  Watson,  UuiouporU 
Golden  Hour  Home.  241  K.  19th  St. 
Grace  Church  Hospital,  414  E.  14tl)  St. 
Heartsease  Home  for  Friendless  Giris.  313  W.  53d  St 
Hebrew  Benevolent  and  Orphan  Asylum,  Amster- 
dam Ave.,  near  W.  137th  St. 
Hebrew  Infant  Asylum,  907  Eagle  Ave. 
Hebrew   Sheltering    Guardian   Orphan  Asylum, 

Broadway  and  \\^  150th  St..  507  W.  155th  St.,  and 

Broadway,  near  W.  145th  St. 
Hebrew  Sheltering  House  and  Home  for  Aged, 

229  E.  Broad  wav. 
Hirsch,  Clara  de.  Home  for  Working  Girls,  225 

E.  63<1  St. 
Home  for  Aged  and  Infirm,  Blackwell's  fsland. 
Homefor  Aged  and  Infirm  Hebrews, 121 W.  105th 

St, 
Home  for  Convalescents,  433  E.  118th  St. 
HomeforCrippled  and  Incurable  Ch,ldren,Broad- 

way,  cor,  W.  155th  St. 
Home  for  Destitute  and  Crippled  Children,  141 

W.  61st  St. 
Home  for  Friendless,  for  Females  and  Children, 

936  Woody  Cre>t  Ave. 
Home  for  tncurahles.Sd  Ave.,  cor.  E.  182d  St. 
Home  for  Italian  Immisrrants,  8  Cha-lroii  st. 
Home  for  Old  Men  and  Aged  Couples,1060Amster- 

dam  Ave. 
Home  for  Protestant  Immigrant  Girls,  9  State  St 


Home  for  Relief  of  Destitute  Blind, 896  Amster- 
dam Ave. 

Home  for  the  Aged,  213  E.  70th  St.  and  135  W. 
106th  St. 

Home  lor  the  Aged  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy 
Communion  (P.E.),49  W.  20th  St. 

Home  lor  Unemployed  Young  Women,  116  E. 
106th  St. 

Home  for  Young  Women,  49  W.  9lhSt.  Branches 
at  308  2d  Ave. ,  153  E.  62d  St. 

Hom.e  of  the  Daughters  of  Jacob,S02  E.Broadway. 

Hopper,  Isaac  T.,Home.  110  2d  Ave. 

House  of  Calvary  (.Incurable  Cancer,  Females). 

5  Perry  St. 

House  of  isrerey  (Protestant  Episcopal),  W.  214th 

St.,  cor.  Bolton  Rd. 
House  of  Kazareth,  W.  236th  St. ,  near  Spuyten 

Duyvil. 
House  of  Refuge,  Randall's  Island. 
House  of  Rest  for  Consumptives,  Inwood-on-the- 

Hudson,  office,  59  E.  59th  St. 
House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  foot  of  E.  90th  St 
House  of    the  Holy   Comforter    for  Incurables, 

foot  W.  139th  St. 
House  of  the  Holy  Family,  136  2d  Ave. 
Howard  Mission  and  Home  for  Little  Wanderers. 

225  E.  11th  St. 
Huguenot  Home  of  French  Church  Du  St.  Esprit, 

237  W.   24th  St. 
Hnngariau  Ttcliet  Society,  3StateSt. 
Industrial  Christian  Alliajice,  170  Bleecker  St. 
Industrial  Home,  528  W.  30th  St. 
Infant  Asylum,  Aiiisterditni  Ave.,  cor.  61st  St. 
Insane  A.sylum, Ward 'slsl'd, office  foot  E.  116th  St. 
j  Institution  for  the  Blind,  9th  Ave.  and  34ih  St. 

Institution  of  Mercy,  1075  Madison  Ave. 
!  Isabella  Heimath,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  W.  190th  Stj 
i  .leanned'  Arc  Home  for  French  Girls, 251  W.24tli  St. 
!  Jennie  Clarkson   Home  for  ChilUren  (Valhalla, 

N.  v.),  office  264  Lenox  Ave. 
Juvenile  Asylum,  office.  106  W. 27th  St. 
Leake  and  Watts' Orphan  House,Hawlhome  Ave,, 

near  City  Line. 
Leo   House   for    German    Catholic    Immigrants,' 

6  State  St. 

Lincoln  Hospital,  E.  141st  St.,  cor.  Concord  Ave. 

Lutheran  Piltrrim  House,  8  State  St. 

McAuley's  \Vater  St.  Mission, 316  Water  St. 

Margaret  Louisa  Home  of  Young  Women's  Chris- 
tian Association,  14  E.  16t}i  St. 

Medical  Missionary  Home.  107  E.  23d  St. 

Messiah  Home  for  Children,  W.  177ih  St.,  cor. 
ivrontgomery  Ave. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Home,  Amsterdam  Ave.,  cor. 
92d  St. 

Midnight  Mis.sion  and  St.  Michael's  Home,  office, 
289  4th  Ave. 

Mission  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Rosary  for  the  Protec- 
tion of  Irish  Immigrant  Girls,  7  State  St. 

Mis.sion  of  the  Immaculate  "Virgin, 375  LafayetteSt. 

Moutefiore  Home  for  Chronic  Invalids,  Broad  way 
and  W.  138th  St. 

National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers, 
office  Post-Office  Building, Manhattan  Borough. 

National  Sunshine  Settlement  Home,  352  W.40il/ 
St. 

Newsboys' Lodging  House,  14  New  Chambers  St. 

New  Sailors'  Home  of  Prot.  Epis.  Mission  to  Sea- 
men, 52  Market  St. 

New  York— Asvlums  and  Homes  bearing  prefix 
•■New  York'"'  will  be,  as  a  rule,  found  in  this 
list  minus  the  prefi.x. 

New  York  Orphan  Asylum,  Hastings, office  105  K 
22d  St. 

Night  Refuge  for  Homeless  Women,  144  W.  15th 
St. 

Orphan  Home  andAsvlum  of  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  otlice,  105  E.  22a  St. 

Peabody  Home  for  Aged  and  Indigent  Women, 
2064  Boston  Rd. 

Presbyterian  Home  for  Aged  Women,  49  E.  73d  St. 

Protestant  Half-Orphan  Asylum,  104th  St.  and 
Manhattan  Ave. 

Reformatory  for  Misdemeanants,  Hart's  Island. 


7C0 


Information  About  the   City  of  New   Vork. 


^-^YLUMS  AND  HOMES  i:^   M.iNHATTAJ^  AND  BROyS K—Gonlmaed. 


Eescue  Home.  31*5  E.  15th  St. 

Robertson.  (iilh.Mt  A.,  Home,  Scarsdale,  N.  Y. 
HpcreUiry,  59  Wall  St. 

Roinan  Catholic  Orphan  Asvlum, Sedgwick  Ave., 
cor.   Kinirsbridsre  Rd.,  office.  24 K.  bM  St. 

Sacred  Heart  Oiphan  Asvlum,  Ft.  Washington 
A\e.,,  cor   \V.  190th  st. 

Sailors' Home.  52  Market  St.  -  - 

Sailors'  Snug  Harlior,  S.  I. ,  office  31  Nassau  St. 

St,  Agatha's.Home  lur  Children.  175  E.  68th  St. 

St.  Ann's  Home  for  Children.  504  E.  90th  St. 

St.  Barnabas' s  House.  304  Mulberry  St. 

St.  Bartholomew's  Girls'  Home.  136  E.  47th  St. 

St.  Benedict's  Home  for  Destitute  Colored  Chil- 
dren. 375  Lafayette  St. 

St.  Elizabeth's" Industrial  School  (female  deaf 
mutes).  237  E.  14th  St. 

St.  Francis's  Home  for  Aged,  609 5th  St. 

St.  Helena's.  311  K.  4th  St.  ft 

St.  John  Baptist  Hou.se.  233  E.  17th  St. 

St.  John's  Guild,  office  501  5th  Ave. 

St.  Joseph's  Home  for  the  Aged,  2li9  W.  15th  St. 

St.  Joseph's  Home  for  Destitute  Children,  House 
of  Reception.  12  W.  129th  St. 

St  Joseph's  Home  for  Poles,     117  Broad  St. 

St.  Joseph's  Home  for  Children,  65  E.  81st  St. 

St  Joseph's  Night  Shelter  for  lIomele.ss  Women. 
144  W.  15lh  St. 

St.  Joseph' s  Orphan  Asylum,  89th St., cor,  Ave.  A. 
Branch,  New  Road,  Throg'sNeck. 

St.  Luke' s  Home  for  Aged  Women,  2914  Broadway. 

St.  Mary's  Home  for  Protection  and  Comfort  of 
Re'^pectable  Young  Women  While  Seeking  Em- 
ployment. 143  W.  14th  St 

St.  Philip's  Home  for  Industrious  Catholic  Boys, 
417  Broome  St. 

St.  Philip's  Parish  Home,  1119  Boston  Rd. 

St.  Rose' s  Free  Home  for  Incurable  Cancer,  426 
Cherry  St. 


St.  Vincent  de  Paul's  Orphan  Asj-lum,  215  W.  39lh 
St. 

St.Zita's  Home  for  FriendlessWomen,125  E.52d  St. 

St.  Saviour  s  Sanitarium,  W.  214th  St.,  cor.  Bol- 
ton Rd. 

Salvation  Army  Rescue  Home.  316  E.  15th  St.  ;  In- 
du,strial  Home,  528  W.  30th  St. 

Samaritan  Home  for  the  Aged,  414  W  22d  St 

Sanitarium  for  Hebrew  Cliildren,  office, 356  2d  Ave. 

Scandinavian  Immigrant  Home,  24  Greenwich  St. 

Scandinavian  Mission  Home,  252  E.  48th  St. 

Scandinavian  Sailors'  Home.  6  Catharine  Slip 

SevillaHome  for  Children,  Lafayette  Ave. , cor. 

Shelter  for  Respectable  Girls,  212  E.  46th  St. 

Sheltering  Arms,  504  W.  129th  St. 

Sick  Children's  Mission,  287  E.  Broadway,  branch 

of  Children' s'Aid  Society. 
Society  for  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children,  297 

4th  Ave 
Strachan,  Margaret,  Home,  103  W.  27th  St. 
Swedish  Lutheran  Immieraut  Home,  5  Water  St. 
Swiss  Home,  35  W.  67th  SL 
Thecla  Orphanage,  Palisades,  N.   Y.  Office,  227 

Fulton  St. 
Training  Home  for  ^'hristian  Workers,  129  E.  10th 

St. 
Trinity  Chapel  Home  for  Aged  Women, 221  W.24th 

St. 
Trinity  Mission  House,  211  Fulton  St. 
Washington  Sq.  Home  for  Friendless  Girls,  9  W. 

8th  St. 
Webb's    Academy    and   Home  for  Shipbuilders, 

Sedgwick  Ave.,  cor.  Academy  St. 
West-Side  Boj^s'  Lodging  House, 225  W.  35th  St. 
White  Rose  Home  for  Working  Girls,217  E.  86th  St. 
Woman's  Shelter,  243  Bowery. 
Xavier  Institute  for  Blind,  217  W.  15th  St. 


IMPORTS    AND    EXPORTS    OF    MERCHANDISE    AND    BULLION. 

The  following  compilation  gives  the  foreign  trade  movement  of  the  port  for  twenty 
calendar  years,  ending  with  1906.  It  shows  the  foreign  imports,  domestic  exports  and 
foreign  exports  of  the  Port  of  New  York,  as  well  as  the  special  movement  in  the  form 
reported  from  year  to  year  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce: 


Value  of  Foreign"  Imports  into  the  Port 

OF  Nkw  York  for  thk  Last  Twi-jnty 

Years,    Endkd    December   31. 


Years 


1887. . 

1888.. 

1889.. 

1890.. 

1891.. 

1892.. 

1893. . 

1894.. 

14(95. . 

1896.. 

1897.. 

1898. , 

1899., 

19(10. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1^05. 

1906. 


Dutiable. 


Free  Gooils. 


$310,398,405 
301.008.039 
3-29  -210.894 
349,210,717 
254.10-2.154 
2.54  ;^0,3.54 
236,490,931! 
198.646,169; 
284,036,6541 
243.2.35.760' 
248,-297.819, 
241,921.371 
294..5n5.183 
304.855,0711 
319  91 2, 7.52 1 
34«,747.8So| 
339,052.370 
343.6*4.492 
409.767.035 
456,240,684 


Si)ecie  and 
Bullion. 


$151,136,19(1 
154.H65,981 
163.920,087 
193.155,771 
268.3-29,418 
317,1*39.925 
'    291,999.022! 
239.767.6761 
232.-2.5ll,120 
197,236,0.^5 
218.'238.881| 
177,770.748| 
2-24.-29C,748i 
2-21 ,2.51, 710 
235  1(17,825 
i5Ji-j.496.H08i 
2.5V<,1'29.840| 
286.168.3721 
304.166.3821 
.'533,366,200 


rot.lI  Foreign 
Imports. 


*40,575,vt6:5 
8,206  .:i03 
7,948.166 
2(1,369,499 
35,lo4,.54(i 
11,407,559 
65.827,758 
20.671,236 
32,8.56.122 
90,733.9(i8 
28.079,302 
110,580 .9('5 
31.191,223 
29,(139.486 
19.367.785 
10.842.054 
29,6.52,6>*9 
14.101  ..3.54 
22,872.970 
99,389,034 


Valt-e  of  Exports  from  the  Port  of  New 

York   to  Foreign   Ports  for  the  Last 

Twenty  Years,  Ended  December  31. 


Ykaes 


Domestic 
Exports. 


^502,110, 558'  1887 
464.080.3-23  1888 
500.979.147  1889. 
562,735.987 
557  586.112 
583,707.838 
594.317.711 
459,085.081 
549.142.896  1«95 
531.-2(15.763  1896 
494.616.002 

530.273.024 

549.987.154 

5.55,146,267 

574,:»8;362 

602.086,742 

627.834.899 

643.9.54,218 

736,8(I6,:«0 


1«90., 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 


1?97. 
1>*98. 

''-899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 


888 ,995,918,, 1906. 


$304,0-21,758 
290.779,161 
a36,785.4631 
339,458,578 

t  378,392.937 
368.5.59,145 
348.097,2-28 
a32,621,123 
323,402,003 
365,57(1,813 
396.388.94' 
460.875.299 
467.554,122 
526  153,270 
498,413,605 
479.634,582 
503,495,265 
490, 914. .304 
545.708,317 
611,082,425 


Foreign 
Exports. 


$8,998,923 
9.111,569 
9,074,152 

8,184,783 

8,772.099 

9,164,8-29 

9.900.460 

7,9.58,095 

8.948.318 

9.450,831 

8.362.182 

9.027.9.37 

9.0.59,1.56 

12,090,402 

12.544,419 

12.096,879 

12,532,984 

13..''18,853 

13,9H(I,386 

11,389,037 


Specie  and 
Bullion. 


$21,046,701 

49,565,852 

71.6>;5,395 

41.646,121 

95,916,277 

93.-204.967 

106,397 .9i<5 

129.003.594 

139.950,607 

104.036,418 

77.531,109 

58.343.879 

84.7-29.255 

102,9.33,991 

100. ,563 ,364 

6.5.411.581 

65.860,849 

144.017.993 

77.9-22,(134 

56,262,355 


Tot.al 
Exports. 


$334,067,382 
349,4.56,582 
417,545,010 
389,289,482 
483,081,313 
470.928,941 
464,395.683 
469,582,812 
472.300.9-28 
479,0.58,062 
482  .-282. "233 
5-28,247.115 
561,342,533 
641.177.663 
611,521.388 
557.143.042 
581,889,098 
648,251.150 
637,610.737 
678,733,817 


Tnforniation  About  the   City  of  Netn    York 


76; 


(JTIjuccfjcs  lit  SHanljattau  ^axas  iSconx. 


BAPTIST, 

Bapfifit  Ministers^  Conference  meets  every  Monday 
at  11  A.  RT.,  at  Ecist  Z\sl  St. ,  cor.  Madison  Ave. 

Abyssiniau,  244  W.40th  St.    Chas.  S.  Morris. 

Alexander  Ave.,  cor.  K.  141st  St.   F.  H.  Blakeslee. 
.  Amity,  W.  54th  St.,  bet.  8Lh  aud  9tU  Aves.    Leigh- 
toii  Williams. 

Ascension,  ICOtlt  St.,  bet.  Morris  and  4th  Aves. 
Isaac  W.  Good  line. 

Baptist  Temple,  11  W.  116th  St.     A.  D.  Chandler, 

Calvary,  W.  57tli  St.,  bet.  6th  and  7th  Aves.  II.  S. 
MacArthur;  Branch  at  67th  St.,  near  Amster- 
dam Ave. 

Central,  W.  42d  St.  near  8th  Ave.  F.  M  Good- 
child. 

Central  Park,  E.83d  St.,  bet.  2d  aud  3d  Aves.  S. 
-T.  Ford. 

Creston  Ave.,  E.  189th  St. ,  cor.  Creston  Ave.    CL 

Daj-  Star,  501  W.  157th  St. 

Eagle  Ave.,  Eagle  Ave..  nearl62dSt.  L.Rabe. 
Ebenezer,-170  E.  105th  St.     \V.  A.  Lindsay. 
Ebenezer  (Primitive).  1738th  Ave.    John  McCon- 

nell. 
Emanuel,  47  Sutt'olk  St. 
Epiphany,  W.  83d  St.,  cor.  Broadway. 
Fifth  Ave.,  6  W.  46th  St.  Chas.  F.  Aked.   Armitacre 

Chapel,  loth  Av.  ,cor.  W.  50th  St.  H.  W,  Hillier. 
First,  W.  79th  St.,  cor.  Broadway.    I,  M.  Halde- 

man. 
First  German,  336  E.  14th  St.    F.  A.  Licht. 
First  German,  220  E.  118th  St.    Frederick  Xiebnhr. 
First  Italian,  cor.  Oliver  and  Henry  Sts.    J.  Pet- 

relli. 
First  Swedish.  E.  55th  St.,  bet.  3d  and  Lexington 

Aves.    Emil  Froberg. 
Harlem,  215  E.  123d  St.    Adam  Cliambers. 
Hope,  cor.  104tli  St.  and  Broadwaj'.    R.  Hartlev. 
Immanuel,    White  Plains  Rd.,    VVllliamsbridge. 

R.  J.  Davies. 
Immanuel  (German),  411  E.  75th  St,    J.  H.  Pas- 

toret. 
Madison  Ave.,  cor.  Madison  Ave.  and  E  31st St. 
Mariner's  Temple,  12  Oliver  St.    G.  Dowkoutt. 
Memorial,  Washington  Sq.  S.,  cor.  Thompson  St. 

Edward  Jiidson. 
Mercy  Seat,  46  W.  135th  St.      ' 
Mount  Gilead,307  E.  122d  St.    L.  B.  Twisby. 
Mount  Morris,  5th  Ave. .  near  W.  126th  St.     J.  H. 

Randall. 
Mount  Olivet,  161  W,  53d  St.    M.  W.  Gilbert. 
North,  234  W.  lltli  St.     E.  T,  Sauford. 
Pilgrim.  Boston  Rofld,  near  Vvse  Ave. 
Riverside,  92d  St.,   cor.  Amsterdam  Ave.    A.  U 

Moore. 
Second  Ave.,  166  2(1  Ave. 
Second  German,  407  W.  43d  St.    E.  Umbach. 
Shiloh.    W.  127ih  St.,  near  Lawrence.     E.  W. 

Wain  Wright. 
Sixteenth  St.,  257  W.  16th  St. 
St.  Paul,  352  W.   35Ui  St. 

Third  German.  1127  Fulton  Ave.    R.  HoefHiD. 
Timothy,  111  W.  29th  St.     R.  R.    Wilson. 
Tremont,  Tr^mont  Ave., cor,  Rver.    A .  K.  Knapji. 
Trinity,  E.  224th  St,,  near  Barnes  Ave.     J,    IL 

Watkins. 
T^uion,  W.  61st  St.,  near  Amsterdam  Ave. 
Washington  Heiirhts.  145th  St.  ami  Convent  Ave. 
West  33(1  St..  327  W.  3.3d  St.    E.  S-  Hollo  way. 
Ziou.y9  6th  Av.     E.  E.  Jack.son. 

COXG  R  KG  A  rroXA  L. 

Bedford  Park.   Bainbridge  Ave.,  cor.  E.  20lst  St. 

A.   T.  Tamblyn. 
Bethany,  10th  Ave.,  near  3.5th  St. 
Broadway   Tabernacle,   Broadway  and  56tU   St. 

C.   E   TefTei-son. 
Camp  Memorial,  141  Chrvstie  St,   William  .Tames. 
Christ.  E.    175th  St.,   cor.    Topping  St.      IL  M. 

Brown. 
Claremont   Park.    Webster  Ave.,  cor.  i67tli  St. 

J.  C  Whiting 


WITH  iJAMES  OF  PASTOR& 

COXGREGATIONAL^Continued. 
Finnish,  29  E.  135th  St.    Charles  N.  Stenmao. 


E.  166th  St,  and  Forest  Ave, 
,,  cor.  Beck,    J,  W, 


Broadway.    H.  A. 
near  Willis  Ave. 
Fred' k  Lynch, 
K.  F. 
O. 
St. 


J. 

T. 


First  of  Morrisania, 

A.  Reocli. 
Longwood  Ave.,  Leggett  Ave, 

Roberts, 
Manhattan,  W.  76th  St.  and 

Stiiuson. 
North  New  York,   E    143d  St. 

W.  H.  Kephart. 
Pilgrim, ^ladi.son  .■^ve..cor.l21st  St 
Smyrna  (Welsli).  206  K.  11th  St. 
Swedish  Evang.  Bethesda,  138  E.  50th  St. 

Olilson. 
Swedish  Evang.   InuSaanuel,  308  W.  139th  St. 

Sod pr berg. 
Trinity,   Washington    Ave.,  corner  E.  176th 

William  Milton  He.s3. 

DISCIPLES  OF  CHRIST. 

First.  323  W.  o6th  St.    M.  L.  Bates, 

Lenox  Ave.  Union,  119th  St.,  near  Lenox  Ave. 

P.  Lichtenberger. 
Second,  E.  169th  St.,  near  Franklin  Ave.  S. 

Vv'illis. 

EVAXGELICAL. 

Dingeldein  Memorial  (German),  429  E.  77th  St.    D. 

sclinebel.  ' 

First  Church  of  the  Evangelical  Association,  214 

W,  35th  St.     H.Heine. 
German  Evangelical  Zion,  171  W.  140th  St.     H. 

Noehren. 
Second  Church  of  the  Evangelical  A-ssociation,424 

W.  55th  St.    ,1.  G.  Scharf, 
.St.  Paul' s,  159  E,  112th  St.     H.  Rexroth. 

FRIENDS. 

East  15th  St. ,  cor.  Rutherford  PL 
Twentieth  St.,  144  E  20th  St. 

GREEK  CATHOLIC. 

St.  George.  332  E.  20th  St.    Joseph  E.  Czaplinski, 
St.  Peter's  Chapel  (Sj^riau),  Church  St, ,  cor.  Bar- 
clay.  A.  Bachevvaie. 

JEWISH. 

Adereth  El,  1-35  E.  29th  St. 

Agudath  Jesiiorim,  115  E.86th  St.    D.  Davidson, 

Ahawath  Chesed,  652  Lexington  Ave,   I.  S.  Moses. 

Ausclie  Sfard,  52  Cannon  St. 

Ateris  Zewi.  Jv  12Lst  St..  near  1st  Ave,    F.    Light. 

Atereth  Israel,  323  E.  82d  St.-  M.  Krauskoi)!. 

Beth- El,  5th. A.  ve., cor.  K.  76tli  St.     S.  Schulman. 

Beth  Haoiedra.sh  Hagodol,  64  Norfolk  St.    Simon 

J  a  tie. 
Beth  Hamedrasli  Shaarei  Torah.SO  Forsytli  St. 
Beth  Israel  Bikur  Cliolim,  72d  St.  and  Lexington 

Ave.     .Aaron  Kiseniaii. 
Beth  TeUla,  E.  I07th  St.  and  Lexiugtou  Ave.     S. 

Distillator. 
B'  nai  Is;-a(^l,  225  E.  79th  St,     INI.  Previn. 
B"  nai  Jeshunin,  65th  St,  and  Madison  Ave.    New« 

man  Co^veii,  Pres, 
Emuno  fsrawl,  301  W.  29th  St. 

First  (ializo  Duckler  Mogen  Abraham,  87  Attor- 
ney St. 
First  IluiigariauCoug.  OhebZedek,  172NorfolkSt. 

P.  Klein. 
First  Roumanian  Am.  Congregation,  91  Rivrng- 

ton  St  •  ,  „  .    , 

Kahal  Adath  .Teshu  run,  14  Eld  ridge  St.  .L  Fried. 
Kehilath  .leslHirnn,  117  F.  85ih  St.  INI.S.Margolies. 
Kol  Israel  Ansche  Poland,  22  Forsj'th  St.    Israel 

I-.'iac-^on. 
Machzika    I'orah  An.shar   Sineer,  34  Montgom- 

erv  Si. 
Nachlaih  Zevi,  59  E.  l09tU  St.    H,  Kamenetglrj'. 


762 


Information  About  the   City  of  N'exo    York. 


CHURCHES  IN  MANHATTAN    AND  BRONX— Cb^^'mwed. 


Rodoph  Sholom,  63d  St,  and  Lexington  Ave.  R. 
Grossman. 

Shaare  Berocho,  E.  57th  St.,  near  1st  Ave.  O. 
Hirsch. 

Shaarai  Tephilla,  W.  82i  St.,  near  Amsterdam 
Ave.    F.  de  Sola  Mendes. 

Shaari  Zedek,  38  Henr.v  St.    H.  S.  Shoher. 

Shearith  B'  nai  Israel,  22  E.  113tU  St.  Jacob  Man- 
del. 

Shearith  Israel,  100  Central  Park  West,  cor.  70th 
St.     H.  P.  Mendes 

Temple  Emaun-El.  oth  Ave.  and  43d  St.  J.  Silver- 
man and  Ij.  Masrnes. 

Temple  Israel,  6th  Ave.,  cor.  125th  St.  M.  H, 
Harris. 

Tiffereth  Israel,  126  Allen<St.   .Toseph  Lotz. 

Zichron  Kphraim,  67th  St.,  near  Lexington  Ave, 

B.  Drachman. 

LVTKERAN. 

Advent,  Broadway  and  93d  St    G.  F.  Krotel. 

Atonemeu  t,  Edgecombe  Ave,  and  140th  St.  F.  H. 
Kuubel. 

Bethany,  14  Teasdale  P! .    W.  Freas,  Jr. 

Betlilehem.  239  K.  62d  St.     A.  Ci.  Stenp. 

Christ.  406  E.  19th  St.     G.  U.  Weniier. 

Christ,  652  W.  oOtli  St.    Carl  R.  Stolz. 

Concordia, 4  Oak  Ter. ,  cor.  Brook  Av.  H.  Pott- 
berg. 

Emannel,  Brown  PL, cor.  E.  137th  St.   A.  A.King. 

Emigrant  House  Chapel.  4  *tate  St.     G.  Doeriug. 

Epipliany.  72  E.  128th  St.    F.  B.  Clausen. 

Holy  Trinity,  887  Tinton  Av.    John  Schillero 

Grace,  123  W.  71st  St.    J.  A.  Weyl. 

Grace.  Webster  Av. ,  nearl9*itli  St.    A.  Koerber. 

Gustavus  Adolphns.151  PI  22d  St.    M.  Stolpe. 

Harlem  Swedish,  191  K.  121st  St. 

Holy  Trinity,  Central  Park  West  and  W.  65th  St. 

C.  A.  Miller. 
Immanuel,21oE.  83dSt.  C.J.  Tlenz. 
Immannel,  1410  V'j'se  Av.     M.  C.  Stensen. 
Immannel,  88th   St.,    cor.    Lexington  Ave.     W. 

Schoeufeld. 
Messiah.  560  E.  141st St.    G.  S.  Ohlsnnd. 
Our  Saviour,  179th  St.  and  Audubon  Ave,     W,  H. 

.Feldmann. 
Our  Saviour  (Norwegian),  237  E.   123d  St.     K. 

Kvamme. 
Redeemer,  424  W.  44th  St.     F.  C.  G.  Srhumm. 
ReformiUiou,  1335  Bristow  St.    G.  J.  M.  Ketner. 
St.  James's,  Madison  Ave.,  cor.  E.  73d  St.    J.  B. 

Remensnvder. 
St.  John's,  81  Christopher  St.    John  J.  Young. 
St.  John's,  217  E.  119th  St.    H.  C.  Stenp. 
St.  John's,  Fulton  Ave,  and  170th  St.     H.  Belder- 

becke. 
St.  Luke's,  Adams  St.  and  Vaa  Nest.  Ave.    W. 

Eickraann. 
St.  Luke's,  233  W.  42d  St.    W.  F.  Koepchen. 
St.  Mark's,  323  6th  St.    G.  C.  F.  Haas. 
St.  Matthew's,  354  Broome  St.    Otto  Sieker. 
St.  Matthew's,  E.  lo6th  St.,  near  Courtlaudt  Ave. 

W.  T.  Junere. 
St.  Paul's,  181st  St.,  near  8d  Are.    Karl  Kretz- 

mann. 
St.  Paul's,  813  W,  22d  St.    Leo  Koenig. 
St.  PauPs,  149  \V.  123d  St.    F.  H.  Bosch. 
St.  I'aul's,  974  E.  156th  St.    G.  H.  Tapnert. 
St.  I^eter's.  E.  218th  St.,  near  White  Plains  Rd. 

O.  Rappolt. 
St.  Peter's,  Lexington  Ave.  and  64th  St.    A.  B. 

Moldenke. 
St.  Peter's,  .Alexander  Ave.  and  141st  St.    H.  A. 

Steininger. 
St.  Stephen's,  Union  Ave.,  near  165th  St,     Paul 

Roesener. 
Trinity,  139  Ave.  P..    Otto  Graes.ser. 
Trinity,  164  W.  100th  St.,  near  Amsterdam  Ave. 

E.  Brennecke. 
Washinerton  Heights,  W:  153d  St.,  near  Broadway. 

E.  A.  Tappert. 
Zjoi),  33?  E.  84th  St.    3?.  JfebJ^r. 


METHODIST  EPISCOPAL. 
Denomiiiational  Headquarters^  150  hth  Ave, 

Battery  Swedish,  341  W.  24th  St.,  near  9th  Ava 
O.  .1.  Johnson. 

Bedford  St..  43  Morton  St.    J.  E.  Price. 

Beekinan  Hill,  319  E.  50th  St.     E.  W.  Caswell. 

Blinn  Memorial  (German),  103d  St.  and  Lexingtor 
Ave.    Carl  Reuss.     • 

Calvary,  129tn  St.  and  7th  Ave.    C.  L.  Goodell. 

Centenarv,  1074  Washington  Ave.  and  E.  166tb 
St.     Charles  A.   Holla, 

Chelsea,  331  W.  3(ith  St.      A.  "M.  Gay. 

Church  ol  the  Peonle,  63  Park  St.     F.  .T.  Reichfr. 

Church  of  the  Saviour.  E.  lUth  St.,  cor.  Lexing- 
ton Ave.     J.  S.  Stone. 

Cornell  Memorial,  E.  76thSt.,near2d  Ave.  James 
H.  Lockwood,  Jr. 

Duane,  294  Hudson  St.    R.  H.  Travis. 

East  Side  Parish,  9  2d  Ave.     W.  M.  ston-hitl, 

Eighteenth  St.,  807  W.  18th  St.    G.    W.  Dow.v^ 

Eleventh  St.  Chapel,  545  M.  11th  St.    E.  i-.  Fox. 

First  German,  48  St.  Mark's  Place.  Henry  lleck. 

Five  Points  Mission,  63  Park  St.    F.  .1.  IV-l'-her.  ^ 

Foi-dham,  Marion  Ave., cor.  Fordham  Road.  W  . 
B.  Tower. 

Forty- fourth  St.,  461  W.  44th  St.    F.  P.  Hams. 

German,   Eltou  Avenue,  cor.  E,  158lh  St.  John 

.^rmer. 

German    ^Second)     346    W.    40th    St      W.     A. 

Stark. 
Grace,  White  Plains  Road.    John  H.  Palmer, 
Grace,  131  \V.  104th  St.     T.  H.  I^ara-wanath. 
Hedding,  337  1^:.  17lh  St.    A.  s.  Hagarty. 
Jane  St.,  13  Jane  St.     FielJs  Herniance. 
John  St,  44  John  St    J.  W.  Johnston. 
Madi.son  Ave.,  Madison  Ave.,  cor,  60th  St.     W.x 

MacMullen. 
Metropolitan  Temple,  58  7th  Ave.    R.  Bagnell.- 
Morris  Heights,  Morris  Heights  Station.    L.  B. 

Longacre. 
Mott  Ave.,  Mott  Ave.,  cor.  E.  150th  St    C.  W, 

McPherson. 
Mount  Hope,  Tremont  Ave. , cor.  K  177th  St    C 

W.  Inglehart. 
Olin,  White  Plains  Ave. ,  Williamsbridge.    John 

Rippere.  ,   ^ 

Park  Ave.,  Park  Ave.,  cor.  86th  St     D.  W.  B. 

Thompson.         » 
Perry  St..  132  Perry  St    John  Rowe. 
Prospect  Ave. ,  Prospect  Av  e.,  cor.  Macy  PL    ,W, 

M.  Carr. 
Rose  Hill.  221  E.  27th  St.    F.  J.  Shackleton. 
St  Andrew's,  126  W.  76th  St    G.  C.  Peck. 
St.  James's,  Madison  Ave.  ^ud  126th  St  A.  Mac- 

Rossie.  

St.  Mark's,  W.  53d  St  and  8th  Ave.   W.H.Brooks. 
St  Paul's,  &6th  St  and  West  End  Ave.     G.  P. 

Eckman.  „   „,  .„ 

St.  Paul' s  (German).  808  E.  55th  St.    F.  W  Boese. 
St  Stephen's,  Marble  Hill  Ave.,  cor.  W. 228th St. 

E.  T.  Osbon. 
Second  St.,  276  2d  St    W.  C.  Wilson. 
Seventh  St.,  24  7th  St    .iohn  R.  Henry. 
Sijty-firstSt ,  229  E.  61st  St.    F.  A.  Scofleld. 
.Swedish,  Lexington  Avenue,  cor.  E.  52d  St.  H. 

Young 
Thirty-fifth  St.,  460  W.  35th  St    T.  S.  Bond. 
Thirty-seventli  St. ,225  F.  37th  St.    E.  C.  Hoag. 
Tremont,  Washington  Ave.,  cor.  E.  178th  St.  A,  E, 

Barnett. 
Tremont  (German),  Bathgate  Ave., near  E.  176th 

St.    H.  Blesi. 
Trinitv,  .323  K.  118th  St.    Charles  H.  Grn'ob. 
Trinity,  Main  St..  City  Island.     Wm.  S.  Harper. 
Twenty-fourth  St.,  359  W.    24th  St     F.  H.  Car- 
penter. 
Union.  W.  48tU  St,  near  Broadway.     J.   Lewis 

Hartsock. 
Wiishingtou  Heights.  Amsterdam  Ave.,  cor.loSd 

St.    J.  W.  Campbell. 
Washington  S(i.,137  W.  4th  St.    O.  E.  Strobridge. 
Westchester,  West  Farms  Road.     J.J.  Suavely. 
West  Farins,  1266  Tremont  Ave,    C!,  :g.  Ame.fj, 


Inforniatton  About  the   City  of  N'ew    Yorlc. 


7()3 


CHURCHES  IN  MANHATTAN   AND  B^ROSX— Continued. 


METHODIST  EPISCOPA L—Cuntmtoed. 

Willis  Ave.,  cor.  K.  141st  St.     C.  E.  Barto. 
Woodlawii.  E.  237th  bt.,  near  Katouah  Ave.   M.  P. 
Williams, 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL   (AFRICAN), 

Bpthel,  239  W.  25th  St.    T.  W.  Henderson. 
Bishops  Chapel, 60  W.  135th  St. 
-Little  Zion, 236  E.  117th  St.    M.  A.  Bradley. 
Metropoiitaii  Union  American,  23U  JS.  85tli  St     J. 

Fernandez. 
Zion,  127  \V.  89th  St.    J.  H.  ZMcMulIeo. 

3I0RA  VIAiV. 

First   (Engli-sh),    154   Lexington    Ave.      M.    W. 

Leibert. 
Second,  Wilkins  Ave.  and  Jennings  St.  0.  Herm- 

staedt. 
Third.  224  W.  63d  St.     V.  G.  Fllnn. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

Denominational  Headquarters^  156  Uh  Avemie^ 
(Rev,  George  Alexander,  Stated  Clerk.  ) 
Adama  Memorial,  207  E.  30thSt.     J.  F.  Forbes, 
Alexander  Chapel. 7  King  St.     Hugh  Pritchard. 
Bedford  Park.  E.  200th  St.,  cor.  Baiubridge  Ave. 

JohnE.  Triplett. 
Bethany,  E.  137th  St.,  near  Willis  Ave.    F.  B. 

Mai'sten. 
Bohemian,  349  E.  74th  St.     Vincent  PIsefe, 
Brick,  5th  Ave.,  cor.  37th  St     W.  R.  Richards. 
Bronx  (Bohemian)  Washington  Ave.,  near  170th 

St.    V.  P.  Backoro, 
Central,  W.  57th  St.,  bet.  Broadway  and  7tti  Ave. 

W.  M.  Smith. 
Christ,  336  W.  36th  St.     J.  M    Farr. 
Cliurch  of  the  Puritans,  U  \V.  ISOthSt.     C.  J. 

Young. 
Covenant,  310  E.42d  St.    G.  S.  Webster. 
East  Harlem,  116th  St.. bet.  2d  and  3d  Aves.    O.  A. 

Evans. 
Emmanuel  Chapel,  735  6th  St.    J.  C.  Palmer. 
Faith,  359  W.  48th  St.     R.  R.  White. 
Fifth  Ave., 5th  Ave., cor.  55th  St.   J.  R.  Stevenson; 

Jifemorial  Cliapel,  E.  62d  St.,  near  1st  Ave. 
First,  54  5th  Ave     Howard  Duftield. 
First.  Ft.  Schuyler  Road,  Throg'sNeck.     R  B, 

Mattice. 
First,  225th  St..  Williamsbridge.  E.  R.  Perry. 
First  Union,  147  E.  86th  St. 
Fourth,  West  End  Ave.  and  91st  St. 
Fourth  Ave., 4th  Ave.  and 22d. St.  W .  D.  Buchanan. 
Fourteenth   St,  14th  St.,  cor.   8d    Ave.    Geo.  E. 

Merriam. 
French  Evangelical,  128  W.  16th  St.    H.  L.  Qrand- 

lienard. 
Good  Shepherd,  152  W.   66th   St.     D.  K.  Lorenz. 
Harlem, 17  Mt.  :\Iorris  Park,  West.    J.  r..  Caughey. 
H^ope  Chapel,  339  E.  4th  St.    A.  Bruchlos. 
Madison  Ave.,  Madison  Ave.,  cor.  73d  SL     H.  S. 

CofTin. 
Madison  Sqnare,24th  St.  and  Madison  Ave.    O.  H. 

Park  hurst. 
Morniugside,  Morning-side  Ave.  and  W.  122d  St. 

J.  C.  A.  Becker. 
Morri.sania,r203  Washington  Ave.  M.  F.  .Tohnston. 
Mount  Tabor,    57W.  134th  St.     H.  G.  Miiler. 
Mount  Washington,  Broadway,  cor.  DyckmaaSL 

G.  S.  Pavsnn. 
New  York,  7tli  Ave.  and  128th St.  J).  J.  McMillan. 
North,  625  W,  155th  St. 
Northminster,    W.   115th  St-   near  St,  Nicholas 

Ave.     W.  P.  Shrlver. 
Park,  86th  St.  and  Amsterdam  Ave.     A  P  Atter- 

bury, 
Phelps  Mission,  814  E   85th  St,     E  O  Shaves. 
Riverdale,  Riverdale.     I.  S.  Dodd 
Rutgers,  Broadway  and  W.  73d  St.   R.  MacKenzie 
St.  James's,  357  W.  51st  St.    C.  L.  Butl  r. 
St.  Nicholas  Ave., 141st  St.  &  St,  Nicholas  AVe.  T 

W.  Smith. 
Bcotch,  96th  St.and  Central  Paxk  W.   D.  Q.  Wylie. 


PRESBYTERIAN—Continued. 

Sea  and  Land,  61  Henry  St.     O.  G.  Cocks. 
Seventh,  cor.  Broome  and  Ridge  Sts.    J.  T.  Wilds 
Spring  St.,  Spring  St.,  near  Varick  St.  H.R.  Bates' 
Thirteenth  St.,  145  W.  13th  St.    J .  H.  Iloadlev. 
Tremont,   Washington  Ave.,  near  E.  174iii   St. 

George  Nixon. 
United,  E.  187tli  St.,  cor.  Lorillard  PI.  J.  A.  Shaw. 
University  Heights.  University  Heights.      Percv 

B.  Wightman. 

University  PI.,  Universltv  PI.,  cor.  lOth  St.  G. 
Alexander;  Bethlehem  Chanel,  196  BleeckerSt. 
J.  W,  Miller;  Emmanuel  Chapel,  735  6lh  St    J. 

C.  Palmer. 

Welsh,  225  E  13th  St.    Joseph  Roberts. 

West,  42d  St.,  bet.  5th  and  6th  Aves.   A.  H.  Evans. 

West  End,  105th  .St  and  Amsterdam  Ave.    A.  E. 

Keigvvin. 
West  Farms,  1240  E.  180th  St.    M.  V.  Bartlett. 
Westmin.ster,  210-212  W.  23d  St.    H,  G.  Menden- 

hall. 
Woodstock,  E.  I65th  St.  and  Prospect  Ave.  James 

Cromie. 
Zion  (German),  835  E.  165th  St    O.  J.  Sch5rk. 

PR  0  TES  TA  NT  EPISCOPA  U 

Diocesan  House,  416  Lafayette  Street. 

Rt.  Rev.  Henry  C.  Potter,  113  W.  40th  St.,  and 
RU  Rev.  \).  H.  Greer,  7  (Iramercy  Pk. ,  Bishops; 
George  F.  Nelson,  Archdeacon,  h.  416  J.,afayette 

Cathedral  of  St   John  the  Divine,  W.  113th  St., 

between  Amsterdam  Ave.    and    ilorumgside 

Ave. 
All  Angels',  81st  St.,  oor.  West  End  Ave.    a  D. 

Townsend. 
All  Saints' ,  286  Henry  St    W.  N.  Dunnell. 
All  Souls',  86  St  Nicholas  Ave.    G.  S.  Pratt 
Ascension, 36  5tli  Ave., cor.  lOthSt.  Percv  s.  Grant. 
Ascension  Memorial.  243  W.  43d  St.    J."F.  Steen. 
Beloved  Disciple,  89th  St, near  Madi.sou  Ave.    H. 

M.  Barbour. 
Calvary,  273  4th  Ave.    J.  L.  Parks. 
Chapel  of  Chrisfthe  Con.soler.  foot  E.  26th  St. 

(Bellevue  Hospital),    Henry  C.  Dyer. 
Chapel  of  St  Elizabethof  Hungary,  2  W.  106th  St. 

.\.  D.  Peil. 
Chapel  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  Blackwell's  Island. 

I.  W.  Beard. 
Chapel  of  the  Good  Shepherd  (General  Theological 

Seminarj-),  Chelsea  Squiire. 
Chapel  of   the   Messiah,   206  E.  95th  St.     F.  H. 

Church. 
Christ,  Broadway  and  W.  71st  St.    G.  A.  Strong. 
Christ.  Riverdale.    G.  A.  Carstensen. 
Church  of  the  Advocate,  Wa.-5hiugton  Ave.,  near 

E.  180th  St.    G.  N.  Deyo. 
Cliurcli  of    the    Resurrection.  E.  74th  St,   near 

Park  .Ave.     A.  D.  Pell. 
Corpus  Christi,  221  W.69th  St.    L.  C.  Rich. 
Dust.  Esprit.  E.  27lh  St,  near  4th  Ave.     A.  V. 

AVittmeyer. 
Epiphany,  259  Lexington  Ave.    W.  T.  Crocker. 
God's  Providence  JMi.ssion,  330  Broome  St. 
Grace,  800  Broadway.    W,  R.  Huntington. 
Grace,  Main  St,  Cit.v  Island.    Arthur  Forbes. 
Grace,  West  Farms,  Vyse  Ave.,  near  Tremont  Ave. 

A.  J.  Derbvshire. 
<irace  Ghapel,414  E.  14th  St.    Geo.  H.  Bottome. 
Grace  Emanuel, 212  K.  116th  St.  Wm.  K.  McGovvn. 
Heavenly  Rest, 551  5tli  .Ave.    Herbert Shipmau. 
Holy  Apostlos,;joo  9tli  .We.    R.   L.  Padddck. 
Holy  Comforter,  843  W    Houston  St     W.  A.  A. 

Gardner. 
Holj' Communion, 324  6th  Ave     Henry  Mottet. 
llolv  Cross.  43  .Ave.  C.     M.   W    Rrltton. 
Holy  Faith.   870  E.  166th  St,     C.  S.  Gregg. 
Holy  .Na  ivity,    Hainbridge  Ave. ,  cor.  Woodlawn 

Itoad.      H.  M.  Hopkiiis. 
Il^olyro  id,  Broadway,  corner  W.  181st  St.    Stuart 

Crockett 
Holy  Trinity  (St.  Jasnes'  Parlsh;,Sl6  E.  Mth  St.  J, 

V.  Cloaimers, 


•04 


Information  About  the   City  of  IsCew    Yorh 


CHURCHKS  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX -Co u/>^«urd. 


PRO TEs TAXT  EPTSCOPA  L—Contiuned. 

Holy  Trinity,  W.  122d  Sf„  and  Leuox  Ave.    H.  P. 

Nicliols, 
Incarnation. 205  Miulisoii  Ave.. cor. 35th  St.     W.  M. 

Grosvenor;  'v'liapei,24-J  K.SlstSt.  (it^o.  Hi!ler,.Tr. 
Intercession, 158tli  St.  and  Hroadway.  31.  H  Gate.s. 
"Little    Cliurcli    Aroniul    tin-    Corner"    (Ti-aus- 

li,Miration),  5  K.  29tii  Sr.     G.  ('.  Ilon^htoii. 
Mediator.  Kintfsbridf^e  .Ave.     .lohn  (Janii)b(.'ll. 
U(ir  Saviour,  toot  Maricet  St.,  Kasi  Jliver.      A.  R 

Manstield. 
Pro-C:athedral,  130  Stanton  St. 
Redeemer,  1361  ii  S[. ,  .njur  Tih  .Ave.    W.  W.  Davis. 
St.  Agnes' s  Uiiapel,  92d  fcju  ,  near  Columbus  Ave. 

W.  T.  Manninsr. 
St.  Albau'.s,  Summit  Ave.,  neai  E.  164t]i  St.   H.R. 

Fell. 
St.  .Andrew's,  127th  St.    near  5th  Ave.    G.  'R  Van 

De  Water. 
St.  Ann's,  St.  Ann's  .Ave.,  near  E.  140t)i  St. 
St.  Ann's(Deaf  Mutes),  W.  148th  St.,  near  Amster- 
dam .Ave.     John  Chaniljerhiin. 
St.  Augustine'. s   Chapel  (Trinity  Pari.sh),  107  E. 

Houston  St.     A.  ('.  Kiniber. 
St.    Barnabas'  Chapel,   306  Mulberry  St.    J,    G, 

Littell. 
St.   Bartholomew's,  348  ^ladison  Ave.     Lcighton 

Parks.     Oriental  Mission,  209  R.  42d  St. ;  Swedish 

Chapel,  121  E.  127th  St. 
St.    Christopher's   Chapel    (Trinity   Parish),  213 

FnltouSt. 
St.  Chrysostom's  Chapel  (Trinity  Parisii).  201  W. 

39th  St.     T.  H.  Sill. 
St.  Clement's,  108  W.  3d  St.     E.  H.  Van  Winkle. 
St.  Cornelius's.  423  W.  46lh  St.     I.  C.  Sturges. 
St.   Cornelius's  Chapel,  Govei-nor's  J. sland.    E.  B. 

Smith. 
St.  David's,  642  E.  160th  St.     E.  G.  Clifton. 
St.  Edmund's,177th  St..  near  Morris  Ave.    J.  C. 

Smilev. 
St.  Edward  the  Martyr,  109th  St., near  5th  Ave.  E. 

W.  Neil. 
St  George's,  R  219th  St.,  Williamsbridge.    F.  N. 

Strader. 
St.  George's,  7  Rutherford  PI.    Hugh  Birckhead. 
St.  Ignatius' s.  West  End  Ave.  and  W.  87th  St. 

Arthur  Ritchie. 
St.  .Tames' s,  71st  St.,  cor.  Madison  Ave.  Frederick 

Courtney. 
St.  James's.  Fordham,  Jerome  Ave., cor.  E.  190th 

St.    D.  L,.  Pel  ton. 
St.  John  the   Divine  Cathedr.il.  ■V\''.  113th  St..  be- 
tween   Amsterdam     and     .Moriiingside    Aves. 
St.  John  the  Evangelist,  222  W.  11th  St.    A.  B. 

Howard. 
St.  John's  (Trinity  Parish), 46  Varick  St.    P.  .4. 

H.  Brown. 
St.  Luke's,  Convent  Ave.,  cor.  W.  141st  St.    J.  T. 

Patej'. 
St.  Luke's    (Trinitv   Parish),  Hudson  St.,   opp. 

Grove  St.     P.  A.  IL   Brown. 
St.  Margaret's.  E.  lo6th  St., cor.  Leggett  Ave.    C, 

A.   Hamilton. 
St.  Mark' s,  2d  .Ave.  and  10th  St.     L.  \V.  Batten. 
St.  Mary's,  Alexander  Ave.,  cor.  142d  St.    F.  S. 

Moore. 
St  Mary's,  Lawrence  St.,  near  Amsterdam  Ave. 

H.  K.  Hulse. 
St.  Mary  the  Virgin.  W  46th  St.  and  6th  Ave.     G. 

M.  Christian. 
St.    Matthew's,  W.  84th  St.,  near  Central    Park 

Wesi.    A.  H.  JuiJuf. 
St.  Michael's,  Amsterdam  Ave., near  W.  99th  St. 

J.  P  Peters. 
St.  Paul's,  Washington  Ave.,  cor.   St.  Paul's  PI. 

H.  F.  Taylor. 
St. Paul's  ri'rinitv  Parish).  Broadway  and  Vesev 

St.    W.  M.  (ie^'r. 
St.  Peter's,  342  W.  20th  St.    O.  S.  Roche. 
St.  Peter's,  Westchester  Ave.    F.  M.  Clendenin. 
St.  Philip's,  161  W.  2.'.th  St.     H.  (\  Bishop. 
St.  Priscilla  Chanel.  130  Stanton  St. 
St.  Simeon's,  E.   164ih  St.  and  Sheridan  Ave.     R 

J.  Walker. 


PROTESTAXT  EPISCOPAL— Confine  d. 

St.  Stephen's,  124  W.  69th  St.    K.  A.  Seagle. 

St.  stepiien's,  E.   238th  St.,  cor.  Vireo  Ave.     P. 

Mc  In  tire. 
St.  rhomas's,  5th  Ave.,  cor.  53d  St.    E.  M.  Stires. 
St. Thomas' sChapel, 230  K.  60th  St.  R.  It.  Claiborm'. 
San  Salvatorefltalian).  359  Broome  St.     K.K:-.ii|ip. 
Transfiguration     ("  Little     Church     .Around    the 

Corner"),  5  F:.  29th  St.     G.  C.  Houghton. 
Trinity,  Broad  wav  and  Rector  St.    Morgan  Di.x. 
Trinity,  E.  164tJi  St.,  near  Boston  Road.  A.S.Hull. 
Trinity  Chapel,  15  W.  25th  St.     W.  H.   \ibbert. 
Zion  and    St.  Timothy,  332   W.  57th  St.     Hnnrj' 

JjUbeck. 

REFORMED   CHURCH  IX  AMERICA. 

Deno'iniiiadonal    Hfadiiuarlers,   Eeformed    Church 

Buildiiip.  25  E.  2-2<l  SL 
Anderson  Memorial,  cor.  F,.183d  St.  and  Cambre- 

ling  Ave.    James  B.  Hunter. 
Bloomingdale,  West  End  Ave.  and  106th  St.  W.C. 

Stinson. 
Church   of  the  Comforter,   E.    162d  St.     Floyd 

Decker. 
First,  Fordham  Manor,  Kingsbridge  Road,  near 

Jerome  Ave.    J.  .M.  Hodson. 
Fourth  German,  412  W.  45th  St.    J.  H.  Oerter. 
German  Evangelical  Mis.sion,  141  E.  Plouston  St. 

J.  W.  (:!eyer. 
German  lieforraed  Protestant  Dutch,  353  E.  68th 

St.    Julius  Jaeger, 
Grace,  845  7th  Ave.    .T.  R.  Dnryee. 
Hamilton  Grange,  W.  147th  St.  and  St.  Nicholas 

-Ave.    Chalmers  P.  D\ke. 
Harlem  Collegiate.iyi  h:.  l-21st  St.  B.  E.  Dickhaut. 
Harbor  Mi.ssiori,  Ellis  Island.    Paul  Laud. 
Lenox  Ave. .  267  I>enox  Ave.     E.  Tilton,Jr.      ^ 
Madison  Ave.,  Madison  Ave.,  cor.  57th  St.     Wm. 

Carter. 
Manhattan,  71  Ave.  R.    Jacob  Schlegel. 
Melrose,  Elton  Ave., cor.  1-:.  ISoiii  St.  G.  H.  Miller. 
Mott  Haven.  3d  Ave.,  cor.  146th  St.    J.  F.  Doljbs. 
New  York  Collegiate: 

St.  Nicholas,  5th  Ave.,c.  48th  St.    D.  S.  Mackay. 

Knox  -Memorial. 405  W.41st  St,    E.  <4.  W.  Meury. 

Mari)le,  5th  Ave.  and  29th  St.    D.  J.  Burrell. 

Middle.  2d  Ave.  and  7th  St.    .1.  G.  Fagg. 

North  Church  Chapel. 113  Fulton  St. 

Thirtv-fourth  St.,307  W. 34thSt.  R.W.Courtney. 

Verm"ilveChapel,416W.54th  St.    W.  R.  Ackerl. 

West  End,  77th  Su  and  West  End  Ave.    H.  E. 
Cobb.  ^ 

Pro'jpect  Hill,  1451  Lexington  Ave.    H.  M.  Cox. 
i  South.  Madison  Ave.,  cor.  .S8th  St.    T.  R.  Bridges. 
!      Manor  Chapel,  348  W.  26th  St.    .Ta7ues  Palmer. 
Union, Ogden  Ave.,  near  169th  St.  .1 .  B.  Voorhees. 
West  Farms,  Fairmount  PI. ,  near  Prospect  Ave. 

W.  R.  Hart. 

Ri:  FOR  MED   CHURCH  IX   THE  J'.  S. 

Bethany. 235  E.  109th  St.     E.  W.  C.  Brueckner. 

Har>)or  Mission,  Ellis  Island. 

Martha  Memorial, 419  W.  52d  St.  Paul  H.  Schnatz. 

REFORMED  EPISCOPAL. 

First.  Madison  .Ave.,  cor.  55th  St.    W.  T.  Sabine. 
St.    Paul's,  236th  St.   and    Vireo  Ave.      W.   R. 
Collins. 

REFORMED  PRESB  YTERIAX. 

Fourth.  304  W.  122d  St.  I.  A.  Blackwood. 
Second.  227  W.  39th  St.  R.  M.  Somerville. 
Third.  238  W.  23d  St.     F.  M.  Foster. 

ROM.\X  CATHOLIC. 

Most  Rev.  J.  M.  Farley.  Archbishop,  452  Madison 

Ave. 

All  Saints' , Madison  .Av.,cor.l29th  St.  J.  W.  Power. 

j  AnnunciatioM,  B.  V.  M.,  Broadway,  cor.  131st  St. 

W.  L.  Pent) v. 

Ascension, 107th  St.,  near  B' way.    E.  M.  Sweenj?-. 

I  A.s.sumption.  427  W.49ihSt-    Henry  Nieuwenhms, 


Information  Ahoiit  tlie   City  of  N'ew    '^^orJc. 


765 


CHCRCHES  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  VAWS^yi— Continued. 


ROMAN  CATUOTJC-  Conlinnrd. 

BleKSPfl  SncninieiU,  ^y.  Tl.st  St.,    near  Jiroadway. 

M.   A.   Taylor. 
Cluipel  of  the  Sacred  TTpart.  Hart's  Island. 
Corpus  Chnsti,537  \V.  121sl  St.     Joliu  H.  Dooley. 
Epiphanj-,  373 :2d  Ave.    D.  J.  McMalioii. 
(iiiardiaii  Aiipel.  513W.23d  St.    J.  C.  Kenry. 
l[oly  Cross,  335  \V.  42d  St.    Clias.  McCready. 
Jloiy  Family,  Ca->itle  Hill  Ave.,  cor.  Watson  Ave. 

A.  N.  Stehle. 
Holy  Iiuioceiils.  12?,  \V.  37th  St.    M.  C.  O'Farrell. 
Holy  Name  Mission,  157>^  IJowery.     D.  Cuiinion. 
lioiy  Xaineof  Jesus.  Amsteidam  Ave. and9tJthSt. 

.1.  J.  Keasi. 
Holy  Rosary,  442  "R.  llPth  St.    F.  H.  Wall. 
Jioiy  Spirit,  Burusido  Ave.,  cor.  Aqueduct  Ave. 

.1.  1).  Koach. 
liuly  Trinity,  229  W.82d  St.    M.  J.  Oonsidine. 
liiiinacnlale  Coucepiiou,  505  K.  14th  St.    W,  G. 

T^iurpii}'. 
Ini;na(  olateConception  (German),  6.S5  E.  150th  St. 

H.  Otterbein. 
Immaculate    Conceptio!?,    William-bridsre.       C. 

Cassenetti;  Chapel,  E.  215t]iSt..  near  Maple. 
Mary,  Help  of  Christians,  431  E.  12th  St.    J.  Fer- 

razza. 
Mary,  Star  of  the  Sea,  Governor's  Island.   M.  J. 

Henrv. 
Most  Holy  Redeemer,  165  3d  St.    F.  Spiedel. 
Most  Precious  Biood,  115  Baxter  St.    B.  Pollizo, 
iS'ativity,  48  2d  Ave.     Ji.  J.  Ueilly, 
Our  Lady  of  Solace,  Van  Nest.     D.  J.  Curley. 
Our  Lady  of  Good  Counsel,  236  E.  90th  St.    J.  N. 

Connolly. 
Our  Lady  of  Guadalupe,   229  W.  14th  St.     Thos. 

DarJjois. 
Our  Lady  of  Loretto,  302  Elizabeth  St.    V/.  H. 

Walsh. 
Our  Lady  of  Lonrdes,  Convent  Ave.  and  W.  142d  St. 

Joseph  McMahoii. 
Our  Lady  of  Mercy,  E.  190th  St.,  cor. Webster  Ave. 

W.  B.  Daly. 
Our  Lady  of  Mount  Carmel,  473  E.  115th  St.    John 

iJolan. 
Our  Lady  of  Perpetual  Help,  321  E.  61st  St.    J.  G. 

Kissner. 
Our  Lady  of  Pompeii,  214  Bleecker  St.     A.  Demo. 
Our  Ladv  of  Sorrows,  105  Pitt  St.    T.  Grossman. 
Our  Lady  of  the  Rosary,  7  State  St.     r.I.  J.  Kf-nry. 
OurLadyof  the  Scapular  of  Mount  Carmel.  341  E, 

2SthSt.    John  L.  McCabe. 
Our  Lady  Queen  of  Angels,  228  E.  113th  St.    Paul 

r.eichertz. 
Resurrection,  143d  St.  and  7th  Ave.    T.  F.  Mur- 
phy. 
Sacred  Heart,  Shakespeare  Ave., near  E.  169th  St. 

.T.  A.  Mullin. 
Sacred   Ihart  of  "Jesus,  447  W.  5ist  St.    Joseph 

F.  Jiooney. 
St.  Adalbert's.  680  E.  156th  St.     I^eo  Kwasniewski. 
St.  A!<iies-s,  143  V..  4;W  St.    H.  A.  Brann. 
St.  Alphonsus's.  312  W.  Broadwav.     Peter  Grein. 
Sr.  Aloysius's.  215  \V.  132d  Sc.    John  :HcKenna. 
St.  Ambrose's.  515  W.  54th  St.    J.   1'.  Cliidwiok. 
St.  Andrew's,  DuaneSt.,  Cor.  City  Hall  ri.    Luke 

ICvers. 
St.    A  nj^ela'.s,  Morris 'Ave.  and  163d  St.      T.  W. 

Wallace. 
St.  Ann's,  112 E.  12th  St.    Thos.  F.  Myhan. 
St.   Anselnrs,  iJi-ach  Ave.,  near  E.  152d  St.    A. 

Edelbrock. 
St.  Anthony's.  1010  E.  16oth  St.    O.  F.  Strack. 
St.  -A-nthony  of  Padua,  153  Sullivan  St.     U.  Mara- 

valie. 
St  Augustine's,  E.  167th  St.,  cor.  Fulton  Ave.    T. 

F.  Gregg.  * 
St.  Benedict  the    Moor,  3   W.  53d    St.     T.    M. 

o'Keefe. 
St.  Bernard's.  3-32  W.  l4th  St.    G.  A.  Healy. 
St.  Boniface's,  S82 2d  Ave.    J.S.  I^.rauii. 
St.  Brigid's,  123  Ave.  R.    P.  V.  Minogue. 
St.  Catharine  of  Genoa,  W.  153d  St.^  near  Amster- 
dam Avp.    P.  E.  Ivr^Corrv. 
St.  Catherine  of  Sienna,  420  E.  G9th   St.      G.  T. 

Ccnlau, 


ROMAS  CA  THOLK'—Confinii.cl. 

St.  Cecilia's,    E.  106lh  St.,  near  Lexington  Ave 

M.  J.  Phelaii. 
St.  Charles  Borromeo,  W.  141st  St.,  near  7th  Ave. 

H.  J.  Gordon. 
St.  Columba's,  339  W.  25th  St.    Henrv  Prat. 
St.  Elizabeth's,   W.  187th  St.,  cor.  Broadway.    1. 

F.  Lvnch. 

St.  Elizabeth  of  Hungary,  345  E.  4th  St.   -^V.  Bi.s- 

korovany. 
St.    Frances  of  Rome,  Richardson  Ave.,  Wake- 
field.    F.  P.  Moore. 
St.  Francis  de  Sale.s,  139  E.  96th  St.    J.  L.  Hoej'. 
St.  Francis  of  Assisi.  139  W.Slst  St.    E.  Schling- 

mann. 
St.  Francis  Xavier,  36  W.  16th  St.   T.  J.  IMcClnsky. 
St.  Gabriel's, 312  E.  37th  St.    W.  L.  Livingston 
St.  Ignatius  Loyola,  Park  Ave.,  cor.  K.  84th  St    N. 

N.  McKinnon. 
St.  James' ,  32  James  St.    J.  B.  Curry. 
St.  .lean  Baptiste's,  159 E.  76th  St.    A,  Letellier. 
St.  Jerome's,  Alexander  Ave.,  cor.  138th  St.    G.  T. 

Donlin. 
SI.  Joachim's,  24  Roosevelt  St.    .1.  B.  Cuneo. 
SI.  John  Baptist's.  209  W.  .30th  St.    C.  Claude. 
St.  John  Chrysostom's,  167th  St.,  near  Hoe  Ave. 

B.  F.  Brady. 
St.  John  Evangelist's, 355  E.  55th  St.    J.  .1.  Flood. 
St.  John  Xepomuk's,  289  E.  4th  St.    L.  Neuwirth. 
St.  John's,  254  E.  72d  St.     J.T.  Prout. 
St.  John's,  2911  Kingsbridge  Ave.    D.H.O'Dwyer. 
St.  Joseph's,  59  6th  Ave.    John  Edwards. 
St.  Joseph' s,  1943  Bathgate  Ave.    Peter  Farrell. 
St.  Joseph's  ((:Jerman),408  E.  87th  St.    A.  LammeL 
St,  Jo-seph's.  125th  St.,  cor.  Columbus  Ave.    G.  H. 

Huntman. 
St.  Leo's,  11  E.  28th  St.-   Thos.  J.  Ducey. 
St.  Lucy's,  340  E.  104th  St.     E.  W.  Cronin. 
St.  Luke'.s,  E.  133th  St.,  near  Cypress  Ave.    J.  J. 

Bo  vie. 
St.  Malachy' s,  243  W.  49th  St.    J.  F.  Delaney. 
St.  :\Iargaret's,  Riverdale.    M.  J.  INIurrav. 
St.  Mark,  Evangelist,  23  E.  135th  St.  J.  J.  Owens. 
St.  3Iartin  of  Tours,  E.  182d  St. ,  cor.  Grote.     E.  J. 

O' Gorman. 
St.  Mary  Magdalen' s,  527  E.  17th  St.  E.T.  Heinlein. 
St.  Mary's.  438  Grand  St.    :n.  J.  Hughes. 
St.  Marj''s,  White  Plains  Road.    Jno.  J.  Carr. 
St.  Mary's  Star  of  the  Sea,  City  Island.     J.  B.  Mc- 

Grath. 
St.  IVIatthew's,  W.  67th  St.,  near  Amsterdam  Ave. 

P.  F.  Maughan. 
St.  Michael's.  W.  34th  St.     J.  A.  Gleason. 
St.  Monica's,  409  H  79th  St.    J.  D.  Lennon. 
St.  2sichoIas',  125  2d  St.    J.  B.  Mayer. 
St.  Patrick's,  INIott  St.,cor.  Prince  St.  J.F.Kearney. 
St.  Patrick's  Cathedral,  cor.  oth  Ave.  and  50th  SU 

M.  J.  Lavelle. 
St.  Paul's.  121  E.  117th  St.    John  McQtnrk. 
St.  Paul  the  A  postle,  Columbus  Ave.  and  W.  60th  St 

G.  M.  Searle. 

St.  Peter's,  22  BarclavSt.    James H.  McGean. 
SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  i59th  St.  and  St.  Ann's  Ave. 

W.  H.  Murphv. 
St.  Philip  Neri's,  Anthony  Ave.,  opp.  E.  202d  St. 

D.  F.  X.  Burke. 

St.  Raj)hael's,  W.  40th  St., bet.  10th  and  11th  Aves. 

.M.  A.  Cunnion. 
St.  Raymond'. s,  West  Farms  Road,  Westchester. 

E.  iMcKenna. 

St.  Rita  of  Cascia.  442  College  Ave.   Chas.  Ferina. 

St.  Roch's,  932  E.  150th  St.     J.  Milo. 

St.  Rose' s.  Cannon  St. ,  near  Broome.  P.  McNaniee. 

St.  Rose  oi  Lima,  W.  165th  St.,  near  Amsterdam 
Ave.    E.  T.  McGinlev. 

St.  Stanislaus's,  107  7th" St.    J.  H.  Strzelecki. 

St.  Stephen's,  149  E.  28th  St     T.  F.  Cusack. 

St.  Teresa's,  Rutgers,  cor  Henry  St.  J.  T.  :^^c- 
Entvre. 

St.  Tlionias  the  Apostle.  W.  118th  St.,  near  St. 
Nicholas  Ave.    J.  J.  Keogan. 

St.  Thomas  Aquinas's,  1011  Tremont  Ave.  T).  F. 
I      Covle. 

St.  Valentine'  E.  221st St.,  Willlam.sbridge.  A. 
J     Jaukbowski. 


7G6 


liiforniatioyi  About  Vie   City  of  JVeio    Yo7'k. 


CHURCHES  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRO^sX— Continued. 


KO.UAX  CA  TIIOLIC— Continued. 

St.  Veronica's,  Cbristouber  SU,  near  Greeawicli. 

.1.   F.   Flaiinellv. 
St.  V'iiiceni  de  Paul,  127  W.  23d  St.    T.  Wncher. 
bt.   Vincent  Ferrer,  871  Jjexiugton  Ave.     J.   R. 

^^eus:l1er. 
Transiiyuratlon,  25  'SloU  St.    E.  Coppo. 

USITARIANr' 
Denominational  JleadqiKtr/erx,  104  E.  20fhS'. 
All  Souls'. 4l)i  .\v.  auilioih  st.    Tlionias  11. Slicer. 
Lenox  Ave.»  Leuox  Ave.,  cor.  121st  SL.    M.  St.  C 

Wi-iifht, 
Messiah,    K.   84th  St.,    cor.    Park  Ave.    Robert 
Collyer,  Pastor  Emeritus, 

VXITED  PRESBYTERIAN'. 
Charles  St.,  41  Charles  St    James  A.  Reed. 
First,16  W.  lOStli  St.     T.  W.  Anderson. 
Seventh  Ave.,  123  W.  I2th  St,     J.  H.  Tate. 
Washington  Heights,  172dSt.  and  Audubon  Ave. 

J.  L.  Hervey. 
West  44th  St..  434  W.  44th  St.    H.  H.  Wallace 

VNIVERSALISZ 

Church  of  the  Eternal  Hope,  142  W.  81st  St.    A.  R. 

Tillinghast. 
Fourth  (Divine  Paternity),  Central  Park  West  and 

76th  St.    F.  O.  IlalL 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Armenian  Apostolic,  7lh  Ave.  and  W.  39th  St. 

Beacon  Light  Rescue  Mis.sion.  2372  3d  Ave, 

Bethany  (Gospel  Mission,   W.  142d  St. ,  cor.   St. 
Nicholas  Ave. 

Rioome  St.  Tabernacle,  395  Broome  St. 

t'atharine  Mission,  24Catnarine  Slip. 

catholic  Apostolic— Central.  417  W,57thSt, ;  Har- 
lem (Qeiinaii),  202  W.  114th  St. 

Chinatown  Midnight  Mission.  17  DoyersSt. 

Christian  Israelites'  Sanctuary,  1081st  St. 

CJiristian  Reformed,  21  Bank  St. 

Christ's  Mission.  331  \V.o7th  St. 

Church  of  Christ  (Scientist)— First,  Central  Park 
West,  cor.  W.  96th  St.;  Second,  Central  Park 
West,  cor.  W.  68th  St. ;  Third,  43  E.  125th  St.  ; 
Fourth,  W.82d  St.  near  Broadway;  Fifth,  228 
W.  45th  St. 

Church  of  the  Strangers,  W.  57th  St.  and  8th  Ave. 

Cremorne  Mission,  104  W.  32d  St. 

De  Witt  Memorial,  280  Rivington  St. 

Door  of  Hope  Gospel  Mission,  271  W.  47th  St. 

Doyei-sSt.  Mission,  17  Do.vers  St. 

Eis^hth  Ave.  Mission,  291  8th  Ave. 

Evangel.  Band  and  Mission,  5  Mott  St. 

Faith  Mission,  34  West  End  Ave. 


MISCELLANEOUS— Continued. 

Free  Methodist  Mission,  349  E.  10th St. 

(iospel  Chapel,  305  W.  80th  St. 

Crospel  Tabernacle,  692  8th  Ave. 

Hungarian  Reformed,  121  7th  St 

Interdenominationul,  173  8th  Ave. 

Japanese  Mission,  330  E.  57lh  St, 

Mariners',  46  Catharine  St.;  West  Side  Branch, 
128  Chariton  St 

Mc.\uley's  Water  St  Mission,  316  Water  St. 

jSretropolitan  Independent,  Carnegie  Lyceum. 

IMission  of  the  Living  Waters,  136  Ctirysiie  St. 

New  .lerusalem  (Swedenborglan),  114  K.  :i5th  St. 

New  York  Foreigners'  Mission,  5  Mott  St. 

Olivet  Memorial,  63  2d  St. 

146th  St.  Gospel  Temperance  Mission,  146th  St., 
near  3d  A  ve. 

People's  Tabernacle,  52  E.  102d  St 

Russian  St.  Nicholas  Church,  17  E.  97th  St 

Salvation  Armv,  122  W.  14th  St;  148  8th  Ave.  ;  326 
W.  34th  St.;  2023  Lexington  Ave.  ;  3'22  W,  4th 
St  ;  2i!6  E.  88th  St ;  372  College  Ave.  ;  208  E.  13th 
St.  ;  101  W.  99th  St.;  19  Stuyvesant  Sq.  ;  915 
Eagle  Ave.  ;  158  E.  27th  St.;  165  E.  128th  St.  ; 
2473  3d  Ave.;  52  Roosevelt  St;  6  Catharine 
Slip.  Slums:  94  Cherry  St ;  90  Creeawich  St.  ; 
492  10th  Ave.;  824  E.  25tb  St. 

Scandinavian  Mission.  252  E.  48th  St. 

Seaman' s  Rest  Mission,  399  West  St. 

Seventh-Day  Adventists;(l)  535  W.  110th  St.,E. 
H.  M.  Sell;  Berean  Chapel.  E.  166th  St.,  cor. 
Trinity  Ave.  C.  II.  Edwards;  (2)  285  8th  Ave. ; 
(3)  535  W.  110th  St  J.  :.[.  Mitchell;  (4)  1931 
Broadway,  J.  K.  Humphrey;  (5)67  E.  125th 
St,    Geo.  A.  King. 

Strachan,  Margaret,  Chapel,  105  W.  27th  St. 

St.  Paul's  (Hvang.  Reformed).  874  E.    14lst  St. 

St.  Trinity  (Greek  Orthodox),  153 E.  72d  Su 

Sunshine  Chapel,  550  W.  40th St. 

Volunteers  of  America,  38  Cooper  Square  W. 

West-Side  Noonday  Prayer,  281  Greenwich  St. 

Woman's  Union  Prayer  Meeting,  Harlem,  lol 
W.  123d  St 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  158  E.  87th 
St. :  E.  149th  St.,  near  St.  Ann's  Ave. ;  V..  215th 
St.,  near  White  Plains  Rd.  :  51  W.  63d  St. :  3  W. 
29Lh  St ;  153,  222Bowerv;  3  W.  12oth  St. ;  E.  150th 
St.,  cor.  Spencer  PI.  ;  '531  W.  155th  St ;  140  2d 
Ave.;  252  W.  53d  St.  ;  361  Madison  Ave. ;  129 
Lexington  Ave.;  318  W,  57th  St. ;  109  W.  54th 
St . ;  215  W.  23d  St. ;  153  E.  86th  St ;  317  W.  o6t  h  St. 
Governor's  Island:  Fort  Wood, Fort  Schuyler. 

Young  People's  City  Mission,  219  E.  59th  St. 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association.  7  E.  15th 
St. ;  460  W.  44th  St  ;143  W.  63d  St  J  483  E.  Tre- 
mont  Ave. 


<2^i)utci)cs  in 

WITH  NAMES 


UrooltlPU. 


BAPTIST. 


W. 


A.nslie  St..  Ainslle,  near  Graham  Ave.    F. 

Pollard. 
Baptist  Temple  (First  In  Plerrepont  St. ),  8d  Ave., 

cor.  Schermerhorn  St.    Cortland  Myers. 
Bedford  Heights,  Bergen  St,  cor.  Rogers  Ave.    F, 

II.  Jacobs. 
Berean,  Bergen  St.,  near  Rochester  Ave.     L.  J. 

Brown. 
Bethany   Clermont  and   Atlantic  Aves.     J,  P. 

Blair, 
eoiough  Park.  48th  St  and  13th  Ave.    W.  W. 

Lndwig. 
Bushwick  Ave.,  Bushwlck  Ave. ,  cor. Weirfleld St 

1'.  J.  Whittaker. 
Central,  Adelphi  St,  near  Myrtle  Ave. 
Central,  Marcy  Ave.,  cor.  S.  5th  St 
Concord  (colored),  DuffieldSt,  near  Myrtle  Ave. 

W.  T.  Dixon. 
East  End,  Van  Slcklen  Ave.,  near  Glenmore  Ave. 

M.  G.  Coker. 
Emmanuel,  tafayette  Ave., cor. St.  James*  PI.  J. 

Hnmpsioiie. 


OF  PASTORS. 

BAPTIST— Continued. 

Euclid  Ave.,  Euclid  Ave. ,  cor.  Hill  St    A.  D. 

Bennett. 
Fifteenth  St.,  15th  St,   near  4th  Ave.     H.   A. 

Tupper,  Jr. 
First  Cauarsle,  Remsea  Ave.,  Canarsie.    C.  A. 

Pennie, 
First,  In  East  New  York,  HendrlxSt.n. Fulton  St, 
First,  E.  D.,  Lee  Ave.,  cor.  Keap  St. 
First  German,  E.  D.,  Montrose,  near  Union  Ave. 

J.  C.  Grimmell. 
First  German,  Prospect  Ave. ,  near  6tb  Ave.    C 

Schenk,  _ 

First  Swedish,  Deaa  St,  near  6th  Ave.     O.   J. 

Engstrand,  ^     , 

Fourth  Av.,  4th  Av. ,  near 32d  St     P.  H.  Clifford. 
Greene  Ave. ,  Greene  Ave. ,  near  Lewis  Ave.    D. 

D.  MacLaurin. 
Greenwood,  7th  Ave.  and  6th  St.  Joel  B.  Slocum. 
Hanson  Place,  Hanson  PI.  ,  cor.  S.  Portland  Ave. 

C.  D.  Case. 
Holy  Trinity  (colored),  695  Clas.son  Ave.    S.  w- 

Timiua, 


Information  About  the   City  of  Xai'^    yorlc. 


7C,7 


CHURCHES  IN  BROOKLYN— toiduiufd. 


BAPTIST— Continued. 

liefTerts  Park,69thSt.  and  14th  Ave.  C.  A.Johnson. 
Xienox  Itoad,  Nostiaud  Ave. ,  cor.  Lenox  Road, 

D.  A.  MacMurraj'. 
Maicy  Ave. ,  Marcy  Ave. ,  cor.  Putuam  Ave.    W. 

C  P.  Rhodes. 
Mfinorial,  8tli  Ave.  and  16th  St.     A.  S.  Earner. 
i*iigrim,  FatchenAve. ,  cor.  McDoaough  St.     D. 

T.  Wymau. 
prospect  Park,  Green  wood  Ave.,  cor.  E.  7th  St. 

(George  Sli'.art.  ^' 

Hedeenier,  cor.  Cortelj'ou  Road  and  E.  18th  St.  H. 

W.  Hoddev. 
Sei'ond  German,  Evergreen  Ave. ,  cor.  Woodbine. 

A.  P.  .Arihm. 
Sheepshead  Bay,  E.  loth  St.,  Sheepshead  Bay.   J. 

V.  L'ailiern. 
Strong  ]M.,  Strong  PI. ,  cor.  DegrawSt,      A,  H. 

C.  Morse. 
Sumuer  Ave. ,  Sumner  Ave. ,  cor.  Decatur  St.    R. 

M.  Greene. 
Swedish  Ebenezer,  Herkimer  Ave.  and  Schenec- 
tady Ave.    N.  E.  Johnson. 
Tabernacle.  Clinton  St.,  cor.  3d  PI.  Erwin  Dennett. 
Tiiuity,  Greene  Ave.,  cor.  Patchen.   H.  Pethic. 
Union,   Noble,   near  Manhattan    Ave. 
Washington  Ave. ,  Washington  Ave. ,  cor.  Gates 

Ave.     R.  MacDonald. 
Wnst  End,  47th  St. ,  near  3d  Ave.  Thos.  V.Parker.  ■ 
Williamsburg  JewishMission,  626  B'  way.  L.Cohen. 

CHRISTIAN'  SCIEXTIST.  ^ 

First  Church  of  Christ,  404  Lafayette  Ave.    F.  H. 

Leonard. 
Imroanuel,  271  Macon  St.    W.  J.  Vinall. 
Second  Church  of  Christ,  Park  PI. ,  near  Nostrand 

Ave, 
Third  Church  of  Christ.  199  Lincoln  PI. 

CONG  REG  A  TIONAL. 

Beecher  Memorial,  Herkimer  St.,  nearRockaway 

Ave,     Charles  J.  Allen. 
Bethesda,  Ralph  Ave.,  cor.  Chauncej'St. 
Borough  Park,41stBt,,nearl3th  Av.     A.  G.Mohr. 
Bushwick  Ave.,  Bushvvick  Ave., cor.  Cornelia  St, 

J.  L.  Clark. 
Central,  Hancock  St.,  near  Franklin  Ave.    S.  P. 

Cadnian. 
Clinton  Ave.,  Clinton  Ave.,  cor,  Lafayette  Ave. , 

N.  Boynton;  Atlantic  Ave.  Chapel,  Atlantic  and 

Grand  Aves.,  W.   S.  Woodworth;    Willoughby 

Ave.    Chapel,    Willoughby    Ave.,  cor.    Grand 

Ave.,  S.  W.  King. 
Flatbush,  Dorchester  Road,  cor.  E.  18th  St. 
-Iglesia  (Hispano- American),  756  Quincy  St.    E. 

J.  Gamblin. 
Immanuel,  Decatur  St. ,  near  Ralph  Ave. 
Italian  Evaru  ,   Henry  and  Degraw  Sts.    G,  Cre- 

monesi. 
Lewis  Ave.,  Lewis  Ave.,  cor.  Madison  St.    R.  J. 

Kent. 
Kazarene,  1584  Fulton  St. 
Ocean  Avenue,  Ocean  Ave.  and  Ave  I.     L,  H. 

Johnston. 
Park,  8th  Ave.,  cor.  2d  St    M.  B.  Taylor. 
Parkville,  18th  Ave.,  near  Ocean  Boulevard.    H. 

L.  Pyle. 
Pilgrim  (Swedish),   413    Atlantic    Ave.      C.    G. 

Ellstrom. 
Pilgrim  Chapel,  Henry  St.,  cor.  Degraw  St,    F. 

P.  Young. 
Pilgrims.  Henry  St.,  cor.  Remsen.    H.  P.  Dewey, 
Plymouth,  Orange  St.,  near  Hicks.    N.  D.  Hillis; 
Plymouth  (Canarsie),  Rockavvay  Ave.  and  Bais- 

ley'sLane.     E.  E.  Stewart. 
Puritan,  Lafayette  Av.,  cor.  Marcy.  L.  Tj.  Taylor. 
Redeemer  (Italian),  Henry  and  Degraw  Sts.    A. 

Cremonesi. 
Rockaway  Ave.,  Rockaway  Ave., near  Blake  St, 
South.  President  St..  cor.  Court  St.    A.  J.  Lyman, 
^outh  Chapel,  118  4tU  P|. 


CONGREGA  TIONAL— Continued. 

Tompkins  Ave.,  Tompkins  Ave.,  cor.  Mc- 
iMnough  St.  N".  Mc(4.  Waters.  Park  Ave. 
Branch,  Park  Ave.,  cor.  Marcy.  F.  IL  Pol- 
hem  ns. 

United,  Lee  Ave.,  cor.  Hooper  St.    L.  R.  Dj'ott 

DISCIPLES  OF  CHRIST. 

First,  Sterling  PI.  and  7th  Ave.    M.  E.  Harlan. 
Second,   Humboldt  St.,  near    Nassau   Ave.     J. 

Keevil. 
Third,  Dorchester  Road  and  E.  lath  St.    W.  G. 

Oram. 

GER3rAN  EVANGELICAL. 

Emanuel, 400  Melrose  St.    A.  1>.  Pfost. 
Evangelical  Salems,  1200  .Tettei-son  Ave.  J.Reuber, 
Harrison  Ave..  125  Harrison  Ave.     G.  A.Linder. 
St.  John's  (German),  Linden  SU  and  Covert  Ave. 

P.  Beck. 
St.  Paul's',  541  Leonard  St.   O.  Bast 
Zion's,  Libertj- Ave.  ,iiear  WyonaSt.    H,  P.  Boll. 
Zion  Evang,,   Cypress   Ave.     and    Himrod    SU 

Adolph  Schmidt, 

JEWISH. 

Ahawath  Scholom  Beth  Aron,  98  Scholes  St.    K. 

Solomon. 
Ahawath  Chesed,  cor.  Lorimer  and  Stagg  Sts.   M. 

W,  Newmark. 
Asifas  Israel,  25  Varet  St.    L.  Shainf^ld, 
Beth  El,  no  Noble  St.,  Greenpoiut,    S.  Heller. 
Beth  Elohim,  State  St.,  near  Hoy  t.    S.  R.  Cohen. 
Beth  Israel,  Boerum  PL,  cor.  State  St.   A.  Rosen- 
berg. 
Beth  Jacob,  S.  3d  St. ,  near  Marcy  Ave.    H.  Veld. 
Bikur  Cholim,  Wyona,  near  Fulton  St.     Daniel 

Cantor. 
B'  nai  Sholaum,  327-9  9th  St.    L.  B.  Michelson. 
B'  nai  Jacob,  167  Prospect  Ave.     B.  Lebovitz. 
Chebrah  Bnei  Sholome,  148  Varet  St.    S.  Newman. 
Emanuel,  3d  Ave.  and  53d  St.    M.  Lewisson. 
Mikro  Kodesh  Aushe  Klodovo,  184  McKibbin  St. 

S.   L.  West  man. 
Mount  Sinai,  345  Bridge  St.     L,  Pulvermacher. 
Ohavai  Sholom,    Thatford,  near  Belmout  Ave, 

W.  B.  Roth, 
Oliav  Sholom,  19  Varet  St 
Shaarl  Zedek,  Quincy  St..  near  Reld  Ave.     G. 

Taubenliaus. 
Sons  of  J  srael.  Bay  22d  St ,  near  Benson  Ave,    F. 

Tworger. 
Temple  Beth  Elohim.  Keap  St,  near  Division 

Ave. 

LUTHERAN. 
Ascension,  Bbth  St  and  New  Utrecht  Ave.    J.  H. 

Strenge. 
Bethleliem  (German), Marion  St,  near  Reld  Ave. 

E.  W.  Kaudelhart 
Bethlehem,  3d  Ave.  and  Pacific  St.  F.  Jacobson. 
Bethlehem  (Norwegian),  Russell  St ,  near  Nassau 

Ave.     C.  M.  Tolelisen. 
Calvarv,  Rochester  Ave.  ,near  Herkimer  St.  W  m. 

H.  Hetrick. 
Christ,  1084  Lafayette  Ave.     H.  S.  Knabenschuh. 
Emanuel,  7th  St.,  near  6th  Ave,     Emil  Roth, 
Emanuel,    S.   9th  St,  near  Driggs  Ave.     John 

Holthusen. 
Finnish,  136  33d  St.    S.  Ilmonen, 
FirstScand.-Nor..  184Kent  St   Carl  Devmg. 
German    Evangelical,    Schermerhorn  St.,    near 

Court  St     J.  W.  Loch. 
Good  Shepherd,  3d  and  Bay  Ridge  Aves.     C.   D. 

Grace,  Bushwick  Ave.  and  Weirfield  St    C.  F. 

Inteman.  ,    ,       ^.     . 

HolyTrinity,  Cumberland  St, near  Lafayette  Ave. 

A.  Steimle.  _  . 

Immanuel  (Swedish),  Leonard  St.  near  Driggs 
Ave,    G,  Nelsenius.  . 

Incarnation,  54th  St  and  4th  Ave.  W.  H.  Stem- 
bicker.  „     _, 

Messiah,  Russell  St,  ne^r  JSTass^q  Ave,  S.  (>. 
Tre'tlerj 


768 


Tnfor) nation  About  the   City  of  Neio    York. 


CHURCHES  IN  BROOKLYN— Co»??y!i<eff. 


LUTHERAX—Conlinaed. 

Norwegian  Seaman' s  111  Pioueer  St.  Tycho  Cast- 
berg. 

Our  Saviour  (Danish),  9tli  St. ,  n3ar  3d  Ave.  H. 
Andersen. 

Our  Saviour  (Norwegian),  Henry  St. ,  near  4th  PI. 
C.  S.  Everson. 

Our  Saviour,  37  Covert  St.    J.  H.  C.  Fritz. 

Kedeemer.  Bedford  Ave. ,  cor.  Hewes  St.  S.  G. 
Weiskotten. 

Reformation.  J'onnsylvania  Ave.,  near  Liberty 

St.     H.  P.  jMillPr. 
Resurrection.  236  President  St.    H.  .T.  Croushore. 
Salem's  Danish  Evangelical,  128  Prospect  Ave. 

lu  H.  Kjaer. 
St.  Ansgar's  (Danish), 47th  St.  and  3d  Ave.    K. 

Sanisoe. 
St.  Jiicobi,  46th  St. ,  nr.  4th  Ave.    H.  C.  A  TMeyer. 
St.  Johannes's,  New  Jersey  Ave.,   near  Liberty 

St.     G.  F.  Blaesi. 
St.  Johannes's,  193  Manjer  St.    A.  .T.  Bej'er. 
St.  John's,  84tli  St.  and  16th  Ave.     I>.  Happ. 
St.  John's,  Prospect  Ave. ,  near  5th  Ave.    H.  C. 

Wasmund. 
St.  John's,   E.    D. ,   Milton  St.,  near  Manhattan 

Ave.     F.  \V.  Oswald. 
St.  Luke's,  Washington  Ave.,  near  De  Kalb  Ave. 

C.  B.  Schuchard. 

St.  Mark's,  Bushwick  Ave.,  cor.  Jefferson  St.    J. 

T.  Frev. 
St.  .Matthew's, E.92d  St.,  near  Flatlands  Ave.  V. 

Cueist. 
St.  Matthew's  (German),  N..  5th  St.,  near  Driggs 

Ave.    (4.  Somnier. 
St  Mattliew's.  6th  Ave.,  cor.  2d  St.  G.  B.  Young. 
St.  Paul's.  Knickerbocker  Ave.,  cor.  Palmetto  St. 

J.  P.  Ridel. 
St.   Paul's,  Henry  St. ,   near  3d  PI.    J.  Huppen- 

bauer. 
St.  Paul's,  Wyona St.,  near  Gleumore  Ave.    J.  F. 

Flath. 
St  Paul's,  E.  D..  S.  5th  St.  cor.  Rodney  St     H. 

W.  Hoffmann. 
St    Paul's   (Swedish),    392  McDonough    St     V. 

Ljung. 
St  Peter's,  Bedford  Ave. ,  near  De  Kalb  ..4.ve.    J. 

J.  Heischmaun. 
St.  Peter's,  94  Hale  Ave.     A.  Brunn. 
St  Petri's,  E.  D.,  Rodney  St.,  near  S.  2d  St    Paul 

Kasten. 
St  Stephen's,  Newkirk  Ave. ,  cor.  E.  28th  St    L. 

D.  Gable. 

Tabor  (Swedish),   Ashford  St.,    near  Glenmore 

Ave.    J.  C.  Westlund. 
Trinity,  Harrison  St.,  cor.  Tompkins  PI.    P.  Lin- 

demaun:  Mis^iion,  51st  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
Trinity  (Norwegian),  27th  St ,  near  5th  Ave.    J. 

Tanner. 
Wartburg  Chapel,  Georgia  Ave.  and  Fulton  St 

R.  Herbst 
7ion,  Henry  St ,  near  Clark  St    E.  C.  .T.  Kraeling. 
Zion,  Bedford,  noarSnvder  .Ave.    P.  F.  Jiibelt. 
Zion  (S\vedish^,59th  8t  and  11th  Ave.    J.G.  Dan- 

ielson.    Mission.  4-38  53d  St. 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL. 

Andrew's,  Richmond  St.,  near  Etna  Ave.    F.  G. 

Howell. 
Bay  Uid2:e,4th  and  Ovington  Aves.    Got).  Adam«. 
Bet  ban  J-  (Swedish),  Troy,  cor.  Herkimer.     F.  E. 

Broman. 
Bethel  Ship,  297  Carroll  St    A,  M.  Trelstad. 
Borouirh   Park,  50th  St   and  14th  Ave.    H.  D. 

\Veston. 
Buffalo  Ave.,  BuflEalo  Ave.,  cor.  Bergen  St    H.  S. 

Still. 
Bushwick  Ave. ,  Bushwick  Ave,,  cor.  Madison  St. 

F.  \V.  Hannan. 
Cropsey  Ave.,  Cropsey  Ave.,  near  Baj'Soth.    H. 

H.  Mower. 
De  Kalb  Ave.,  De  Kalb  Ave.,  near  Franklin  Ave. 

W.  .A.  Lavton. 
Ei^lit.  .^-nth  St,  18th  St..  noar  .=)lh   .A,ve.      L.   K. 


METHOD  IS  T  EPISCOPA  L^Contiuucd. 

Elim  (Swedish),  47th  St ,  near  3d  Hve.     E.  N. 

Hedeen. 
Embury,  Decatur    St.,    cor.     Lewis    Ave.      W. 

Mc  Masters. 
Epworth,  Bushwick  Ave. ,  cor.  De  Kalb  Ave.     T. 

L.  Price. 
Fennimore  St.,  Femiimore  St,  cor.  Rogers  Ave. 

H.  E.  Hiler. 
Fii-st,  Greenpoint,  Manhattan  Ave.,  near  Java  St 

Robt  McXicoli. 
First  Pt,  1st  PI.,  cor.    Henry  St.    \V.  H.  Wake- 
ham. 
Flatlands,  Mill  Lane  &  Lincoln  PI.    R.  Hegarty. 
Fleet  St..   Fleet  St.,  cor.  Lafayette  Ave.     E.  G. 

Richardson. 
Fourth  Ave.,  4th  Ave.,  cor. 47th  St.    V..  A.  Burns. 
Goodsell,    Sheridan   Ave.,   cor.    McKihley  Ave. 

Robert  Wasson. 
Grace,  7th  Ave. ,  cor.  St.  John's  PI.  F.F.Shannon. 
Graveseud,  Neck  Road  and  Van  Sicklen  St.    G.  A. 

Bronson. 
Greene  Ave. ,  Greene  Ave. ,  near  Central.     J.  J. 

Messmer. 
Hanson  PI.,  Hanson  PI.,  cor.  St.  Felix  St     C,  E. 

Locke. 
Herkimer  St. ,  Russell  PI.  and  Herkimer  St. 
Immanuel,  422  Dean  St.     A.  J.  Lofgren. 
Janes.  Reid  Av.,  cor.  Monroe  St.    J.  W.  Hill. 
Knickerbocker  Ave. ,  Knickerbocker  Ave. ,  cor. 

Ralph.     G.  S.  Painter. 
Newman  Memorial.  Herkimer  St,  near  Schenec- 
tady Ave.    C.  E.  Winston. 
New  York  Ave.,  New  York  Ave.,  cor.  Dean  St. 

F.  J.  McConnell. 

North  Fifth  St., N.  5th  St,  near  Bedford  Ave.     L. 

Richardson. 
Nostrand  Ave.,  Nostrand  Ave.,  cor.  Quincy  St. 

J.  O.  WiLson. 
Prospect  Ave.,  Greenwood  and  Prospect  Aves. 

W.  I.  Reed. 
Ridley  INlemorial,  Lawrence  Ave. ,   near    Ocean 

Parkway.     H.  S.  Scarborough. 
Salems,  E.  S8th  St.  and  Ave.  I).     F.  Ha?ner. 
Sands  St..  Henr.v  St. ,  cor.  (lark.    Geo.  .M.Brown. 
Second  Norwegian  and  Danish,  58th  St.  and  12Lh 

Ave.     M.  Stensen.' 
Sheepshead  Bay,  Voorhees  Ave.  ,cor.  Ocean  Ave. 

W.  T.  Pray. 
Simpson,  Clermont  Ave. ,  cor.  Willoughby  Ave. 

W.  J.  Thompson. 
Sixth  Av.,  8th  St.,  near  6th  Av.    W.  W.  Bowdish. 
South  Second  St,  S.  2d  St.,  near  Driggs  Ave.     F. 

Saunders. 
South  Third  St,    South, 3d  St,  near  Hewes  St 

William  Hamilton. 
St  James',  84fh  SL.near20th  Av.    C.  W.  Flint.. 
St.  John's,  Bedford  Ave.,  cor.  Wilson  St     D.  G. 

Downey. 
St  John's.  Sumner  PI.,  near  Flushing  Ave.    A. 

Flamniann. 
St.  Mark's,  Ocean  Ave.  and  Beverly  Rd.   .1.  H. 

Wille.v. 
St.  Paul's,  Marcy  .Ave.,  cor.  Penn  St.  F.  H.  Re.v 
St  Paul's,  Richards  St,  near  Sullivan  St.     W.  E. 

Smith. 
Summerfield,  Washington  Ave. ,  cor.Greene  Ave. 

.1.  E.  Holme.s. 
Sumner  .\vp.,  Sumner  Ave.,  cor.  Van  Bureu  St. 

G.  S.  Eldridge.  — 
Tompkins  .Ave.,  Tompkins,  cor,  Willoughby  Ave. 

W.  J.  White. 

Union,  Leonard,  cor.  Conselyoa.     Vv'.  P.  Kstcs. 

Vanderveer  Park,  Glenwood  Road,  near  Flat- 
bush  .Ave.    W.  S.  Winaus. 

Warren  St. ,  Warren,  near  Smith  St   A.  W.  Byrt. 

W^sle.v.Glenmoro  Av..  cor.Atkins.  H.  s.  Putiif^y. 

Williams  Ave.,  Williams  Ave.,  near  Atlantic  Ave. 
H.  E.  Burns. 

York  St.,  York  St.  near  Gold  St    W.  ^T.  Hughe.s. 

METHODIS  T  FREE. 
J'.rooklyn.  16th  St,,  near 4th  Ave.     IB),  Blews 


Inforitiailon  About  the   City  of  JSfew    York. 


769 


CHURCHES   IN  BROOK'LX^— Continued. 


METHODIST  PRIMITIVE. 

First,  Park  Ave. ,  nearN.  Elliott  PL  B.  Lookson. 
Orchard,   Oakland  8t. ,  near  is'assau  Ave.    A.  K. 

Collect, 
■Welcome.  ClassoaAve«  near  Lafayette  Ave     J. 

J.  Lockett. 

METH0DIS7  PROTESTANT. 
Grace,  E.92d  St.  and  Church  Lane.    H.  S.  Hull, 

AFRICAN  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL. 

Bethel,  Schenectady  Ave. , cor.  Deau  St.  Theo- 
dore Gould. 

Bridge  St.,  315  Bridge  Bt.    Albert  Cooper. 

First  Ziou,  W.3d  St.,  Couey  Island.  N.  E.  Col- 
lins. 

St.  John's  Hovirard  Ava  near  Herkimer.  I. 
Sauds. 

St.  John's,  559  Waverly  Ave.    R.  C.  C.  Jones. 

Union  Zion,  S.  3d  .St. ,  cor.  Hooper.    J.  F.  Stiles. 

Zion,BridgeSt.,  near  Mjrtle  Ave.    F.  AC.  Jacobs. 

PENTECOSTAL. 

Bedford  Ave.,  cor.  S.  3d  St.     H.  N".  Brown. 
Fourth.  571  Atlantic  Ave.      A.  T.  Percy. 
Grace  Mission,  318  Gruliam.  Ave.     J.Fletcher. 
Joiiu  Wesley,  Hopkinsou  Ave.  and  McDouough 

St.     K.  A.  Angel. 
People's  Mission,  1202  38th  St.     W.  IT.  Raymond. 
Utica   Ave.  Tabernacle,  near   Dean  St,      C.   H. 

Davis. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

AinslieSt. .  near  Manhattan  Ave.    L.  W.  Barney. 
Arlington  Ave. ,  cor.  Flton  St.     W.  H.  Wilson. 
Bay  Ridge,  81st  St.,  cor.  2d  Ave.,  L.  D.  KalKins; 

Fort  Hamilton  Brancli.  94th  St.  and  4th  Ave. 
Bedford,   Dean  St, ,   coi\   JN'ostrand  Ave.     W.  J. 

Hutchins.  , 

Bensonhurst,  23d   Ave.    and  83d  St.      J.    Mac- 

Innes. 
Bethany,  McDonough  St. ,  near  Howard  Ave,    L. 

O.  Rotenbacli. 
Borough  Park,  46th  St.  and  lath  Ave.    H.  B.  Rob- 
erts. 
Bush  wick  Ave. ,  Bushwick  Ave.  and  Ralph  St. 

A.  E.  Schnatz. 
Central,  Marcy  Ave. ,  cor,  Jefferson  Ave.    J.  F, 

Carson. 
City  Park  Chapel,  Concord  St. ,  near  Hudson  Ave. 

C.  E,  Lynde. 

Classou  Ave. ,  Olasson  Ave. ,  cor.  Monroe  St.    J. 

D,  Bun-ell. 

Cumberland  St.,   Cumberland  St.,   near  Myrtle 

Ave. 
Cuyler,  S58  Pacific  St.    L.   P.Armstrong. 
Duryea,  Sterling  PI.  and  Vanderbili  Ave.     Wm. 

Denman. 
Ebenezer,  Stockholm  St.,  near  St.  Nicholas  Ave. 

C.  C.  Jaeger. 
Fifth  German,  Halsey  St. ,  near  Central  Ave.     C. 

H.  Schwarzbach. 
First,  Henry  St..  near  Clark  St.     L.  M.  Clarke. 
First  Gei-mau,  Leonard  St.,  cor,  Stagg  St.  J.  G, 

Hehr. 
Flatbush,  E.    23d  St,,  near  Foster  Ave.    D.   E. 

Marvin, 
Franklin  Ave.  Church,  near  Mvrtle  Ave.    S.  I* 

Testa. 
Friedens'  Kirche,  Willoughby  Ave. ,  near  Broad- 
way.    L.  Wolfe rz. 
Glenmore  Ave.,  Glenmore  Ave. ,  cor.  DoscherSt. 

A.  H.  Rennie. 
Grace,  Stuy vesant  Ave.,  cor.  Jefferson  Ave.    R. 

H.  Carson. 
Greene  Ave.,  Greene  Ave. ,  near  Reid  Ave.   D.  H. 

Overton. 
Some  Crest,  cor.  Ave.  T  and  E,  15th  St.  E.  L. 

Tibbals. 
Irving  Square.  Weirfield  St.  and  Hamburg  AVe. 

Ira  W,  Henderson. 
Lafayette  Ave.,  Lafayette  Ave, ,  cor.  S.  Oxford  St. 
^  C,  B.  McAfee, 
Lefferts  Park,  15th  Ave.  and  72d  St.    A.  J.  Bruck- 

tecber. 


PRESB  7TERIAN—  Continued. 

Memorial,  7th  Ave., cor.  St.  John's  PI.    T.  C.  IVIC- 

Clelland. 
Mount  (.)iivet.,  fiveriqrreen  Ave. ,  cor.  Troutman  St. 

F,  T.  Steele. 
Noble  St..   Noble  St.,  cor.  Lorimer  St. 
Olivet,  Hergen  St.,  near  6th  Ave,     J.  G.Snyder. 
Our  Father.  24th  . 't. ,  n.  4Lh  Ave.   J.  J.  Mac  Donald. 
Park  Side.  Lenox  Road,  near  Flatt)ush  Ave.    J. 

D   Long. 
Prospect  HeigQts.  8Ji  Ave. ,  cor.  loth  St.    H.  H. 

Fisher. 
Ross  St.,  Ross  St.,   near  Lee  Ave.    J.  E.  Adams. 
Second,    Clinton  St,,   cor.    Renisen  St.       Louis 

Vanden  Berg. 
Siloam,  Prnice  St.,  near  Willoughby  St.    W.  A.. 

Alexander. 
South  Third  St.,  S.  Sd  St.,  cor.  Driggs  Ave.  N.  W 

Wells. 
Throop  Ave. ,  Throop  Ave.,  cor.  Willoughby  Ave. 

A.  D.  Carllle. 
Wells  Memorial,   Argvle  and  Glenwood  Roads 

W.  B.  Gates. 
Westminster,  Clinton  St. ,  cor,  1st  PL     F.  Camp' 

belL 
Wyckoff  Heights,  Harmon  St. ,  near  St.  Nicholas 

Ave.    J.  Oastler 

UNITED  PRESBYTERIAN. 

Open  Church,  Eldert's  Lane  and  Etna  St.    J.  1. 

Frederick. 
First,  S.  1st  St.,  cor.  Rodney  St, 
Second,  Atlantic  Ava  ,  cor    Bond  St,      W.   51. 

Nichol. 
Westminster,  Bainbridge  Stand  Hopkinson  Ave. 

A.  H.  Crosbie. 

PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL. 

Frederick  Burgess,  Bishop. 

Advent, Bay  17th  St.,near  Bath  Ave., Bensonhurst. 

H.  B.  Gorgas. 
All  Saints' ,  7th  Ave. , cor.  7th  St.    Wm.  Morrison. 
Ascension,  Kent  St. ,  near  Manhattan  Ave.     W. 

E.  Bentlej-. 

Atonemcm,  17thSt.,  near5th  Av.  E.H.Wellman. 
Calvary,  Bushwick,  nr.  Greene  Ave.  J.Williams. 
Christ,  E.  D. ,  Bedford  Ave. , near  Division.  W.S. 

Chase. 
Christ,  Clinton,  cor.  Harrison.     W.   F,  Johnson. 
Christ,  3'1  Ave, ,  cor.  68th  St,     Bishop  Falkner. 
Christ  Chapel,  Wolcott  St.,  near  Van  Brunt  St. 

C.S.  Smith. 
Epiphany,  McCormick  Ave,  cor.  Belmont  Ave. 
Good  Shepherd,  McDonough  St.,  near  Lewis  Ave. 

Robert  Rogers. 
Grace,  E.  D. ,  Conselyea  St.,  near  Lorimer  St. 

William  G.  Ivie. 
Grace,  Hicks  St. ,  near  Remsen  St.  C.F.J.Wrigley. 
Hoi  J' Apostles,  Greenwood  Ave.,  cor.  Prospect. 

F.  A.  Wright. 

Holy  Comforter  Chapel,  44  Debevoise  St,    John 

Manning. 
Holy  Cross  Mission,  176  St.  Nicholas  Ave.     H.  B. 

Wilson. 
Holy  Spirit,  Benson  Ave.,  cor.  20th  Ave.    J.  C. 

Wei  I  wood, 
Holv  Trinity,  Clinton  St,,  cor.  Montague  St.  J.  H. 

Melish. 
Incarnation,  Gates  Ave.,  near  Classon  Ave.    J.  G. 

. Bacchus. 
Messiah,  Greene  Ave.,  cor.  Clermont  Ave.    St. 

C'lair  Hester. 
Nativity,    Xeuil worth    PL,    near   Ave.    F.      A. 

Fleming, 
Redeemer,  Pacific  St. ,  cor.  4th  Ave.     T.  J.  Lacy. 
St.    Albau's.    Ave     F,   cor.   E.    94th   St.      V.  D. 

Ruggles, 
St.  Andrew's,  50th  St.  and  4th  Ave.  W.N.Ackley. 
St.  Ann's,  Clinton,  cur.  Livingston  St. 
St.  Augustine's,  St.  Edward's  St.,   near  Myrtle 

Ave.    G.  F.  Miller. 
St.  Bartholomew's,  Pacific  St. ,  cor.  Bedford  Ave^ 

B,  M.  W.  Black. 


770 


Information  Ahoiit  the   City  of  New    YorJc 


CHURCPIES  IN  BROOKIj'Y^— Continued. 


PROTESTAXT  EPISCOPA L—Conti;vir!. 

St.  Clemeut's,  Penusj'lvauia  Ave. ,  cor.  Liberty. 

F.  \V.  Appleton. 

St.  George's,  Marcy  A  v. ,  cor.  Gates.    "W.  S.  Baer. 
St.  James's,  St.  James'   PJ.,  cor.  L.afayetie  Ave. 

G.  T.  Bowling. 

St.  John's,  St.  .John's  PI.,  cor.  7tli  Ave.     F.  Page. 
St.  John's,   99th   St.,  cor.    Fort  Hamilton  Ave. 
St.  Jolm's,  Parkville.     K.  A.  Osboru. 
St.  John's  Chapel,  Atlantic   Ave.,  cor.  Albany. 

U.  T.  Tracy. 
St.  Jude's,  55th  St.,  near  13th  Ave.  C.  X.  Dunham. 
St  Lukes,  Clinton  Ave.,  near  Fulton  St.     H.  C. 

Sweutzel. 
St.  Mark' s,  Adelphi  St.,n.DeKalb Ave.  S.  S.  Roche. 
St.  Mark's,  Brocklyu  Ave.  and  K.  Parkway.    J. 

D.  Kennedy. 
St.  Martin's.PresidentSt.,c. Smith.   F.  W.Davis. 
St.  Mury's,Cla.sso!i.  n.  WilloughbyAv.  J.  C.  Jones. 
St.    Matthew's.   McDonough   St.   and  Tompkins 

Ave.     F.  W.  Korris. 
St.  Matthias.  E.  23d  St.,  Sheepshead  Baj%    T.  A. 

Hyde. 
St.  Michael's,  High  St. ,  nearGold  St.   W.S.  Wat- 
son. 
St.  Michael's,  N.  5th  St. ,  near  Bedford  Ave.    M. 

A.  Trathen. 
St.  Paul'  5,  Clinton  St. ,  c.  Carroll.   W.  E.  L.  Ward. 
St.  Paul's,  Church  Ave., cor.  St.  Paul's  PI.    T.  G. 

Jackson. 
St.  Peter"  s.  State  St. ,  near  Bond  St.     L.  Parker. 
St.  Philip's,  11th  Ave. ,  cor.  80th  «t.    J.  I£.  Sattig. 
St.  Philip's  Chapel,  Dean  St. .  near  Troy  Ave.   N. 

P.  Boyd. 
St.  Stephen's,  Patchen  Ave, ,  cor.  Jefferson  Ave. 

H.  T.  Sciulder. 
St.  Thomas's.  Cooper  St.,  cor.  BushwickAve.  D. 

M.  Genus. 
SL  Timothy's,  Howard  Ave. ,  near  Atlantic  Ave. 

C.  A.  Brown. 
Transliguiation,  Ridgewood  and  Railroad  Aves. 

A.  H.  Backus. 
Trinity,  Arlington  Ave.,  near  Schenck  Ave.    N. 

R.  Boss. 
/  REFORMED  EPISCOPAL. 

Grace,  Herkimer  St. ,  near  Saratoga  Ave.    G.  R. 

Swartz. 
Reconciliation,  Jefferson  Ave.  ,cor.  Nostrand  Ave. 

Chas.  H.  Coon. 
Redemption,  Leonard  St.,  near  Xorman  Ave.  W. 

V.  Edwards. 

REFORMED. 

Bay  Ridge,  2d  Ave.  and  8uth  St.     C.  J.  Scudder. 
Bethany  Reformed,  Clermont   Ave.,    near  Wil- 

loughby.    James  Demarest. 
Bushwick  Avenue,  Bushwick  Ave. ,  cor.  Himrod 

St.     E.  Niles. 
Church  of  Jesus,  64  Ralph  St.     Louis  Nickse. 
East  New  York,  New  Jersey  Ave.,  near  Fulton  St. 

F.  L.  Cornish. 
Edgewood,  14th  Ave.,  near  53d  St.     H.  C.  Weber. 
First,  Bedford  Ave. ,  cor.  Clymer  St.   E.  D.  Bailey. 
First,  7th  Ave. ,  cor.  Carroll  St.     J.  M.  Farrar. 
Flatbush,  Flatbush  Ave.,  cor.  Church  Ave.  J.  E. 

Lloyd. 
Flatbush  (Second)  (German),  Church  Ave. ,  cor, 

Bedford  Ave.     Louis  Goebel. 
Flatlands,  Kouweuhoven  PI.  .near  Flatbush  Ave, 

J.  S.  Gardner. 
German- American,  Glenmore  Ave.  and  Crystal 

St.    C.  Oswald, 
German    Emmanuel,    410    Graham    Ave.     'W. 

Walenta. 
German  Evang.,Conklin  Ave. ,  Canarsie.    H.J. 

German  Evang.,  Wyona  St..  bet.  Fulton   St.  & 

Jamaica  Ave.     Paul  Wienand. 
Grace.  Lincoln  Road,   cor.   Bedford  Ave.     C.   S. 

Wvckoff. 
Gravesend,  Neck  Road  (E.  1st  St.).    P.  V,  Van 

Buskirk. 
Green  wood.  41st  SL  ,  nr.  8th  Ave.    C.  T.  Anderson. 
Heights,  Church  on   the,     Pierrepont  St.,  near 

Henry.    J,  D.  Adam. 


REFORMED— Continued. , 

Kent  St. ,   Kent  St,,  near  Manhattan  Ave,     R. 

<^.  Hutchiiis. 
New  Brooklyn,  Herkimer  St.,  cor,  Dewey  PI.  F. 

C.  Erhardt. 
New  Lots,  New  Lots  Road,  cor.  Schenck  Ave.  H. 

C  Hasbrouck. 
New  Utrecht,  18th  Ave., near  83d  St.   A.  H.  Brush. 
Ocean  Hill,  Herkimer  St.,  near  Hopkinson  Ave. 

C.  P.  N.  Voegelin. 
Old  Bushwick.  Conselyea  and  Humboldt  Sts. 
South,  4th  Ave.  and  55th  St.     W.   J.  Macdonald. 
St.  Lucas,  53  Sutton  St.     W.  J.  Walenta. 
St.  Petri,  Union  Ave, ,  cor.    Scholes  St,     G.  G. 

Wacker. 
Twelfth  St. ,12th  St.,  near  5th  Ave.    J.  C.  Caton. 
WoodlawUjAve.  M,     J,  G.  Addy. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC. 
C.  E.  McDonnell,  Bishop. 

All  Saints'  (German), Throop  Ave., cor. Thornton, 

George  Kaupert. 
Annunciation  of  the  B.  V.  M.  ("German),  N,  5th 

St. ,  cor.  HavemeverSt,     Peter  Henn. 
Assumption  of  the  B.  V.  M. ,  York  St. ,  cor.  Jay  St. 

W.  J.  Donaldson. 
Blessed  Sacrament,  Fulton  St.,  cor.  Euclid  Ave, 

J.  F,  McCoy. 
Chapel  of  St.  John's  Home,  St,  Mark' s  Ave. ,  cor. 

Albany  Ave.     C.  F.  Vitta. 
Chapel  of  St,  Mary's  Female  Hospital .  155 Dean  St, 
Chapel  of  St.  Mary's  Geueral  Hosoital.  Rochester 

and  St.  Mark's  Aves.    J.  Mackiverkin. 
Chapel  of  St.  Peter's  Hospital,  Henry  St.,  cor. 

Congress  St. 
Chapel  of  the  Gooa  Shepherd,  Hopkinson  Ave, , 

cor.  Pacific  St. 
Chapel  of  the  Precious  Blood,  212  Putnam  Ave. 
Chapel  of  the  Visitation  Convent,  89th  St.  <fe2dAv. 
Epiphany,  South  9th  St.     E.  A.  Duffy. 
Fourteen  Holy  Martyrs,  Central  Ave.,  cor. Covert 

St.    Bernard  Kurz. 
Guardian  Angel,  Ocean  Parkway,  near  Neptune 

Ave.    John  J.  Cullen. 
Holv- Cross,  Church  Av.,  n. Rogers.    J.  T.  Woods. 
Holy  Family,  Rockaway  Ave.,  and  98th  Si.    John 

Reynolds. 
Holy  Familv  (German),  13th  St.,  cor,  4th  Ave. 

F.  X.  Bettinger. 
Holy  Name,  9th  Ave, ,  cor.  Prospect  Ave,    T.  S. 

O'  Reilly. 
Holy  Rosary,  ChaunceySt.  ,Reid  Av.  J.  McEnroe. 
Holy  Trinity  (German),    Montrose    Ave.,   near 

Graham  Ave.     P.  Dauffenbach. 
Immaculate  Conception,  Leonard  St. ,  cor.  Maujer. 

J.  F.  Crowley. 
Immaculate  Heart  of  Mary,  Fort  Hamilton  Ave. , 

cor.  E.  4th  St.    M.  T.  Tierney. 
Nativity,  Classen  Ave. ,  cor.  Madison  St,   John  L, 

Bel  ford. 
Our  Lady  of  Angels,  4th  Ave, ,  cor,  74th  St.    M. 

J.  Flynn. 
Our  Ladvof  Czestohowa  (Polish),  25th  St.,  near 

4th  Ave.     B.   Puchalski. 
Our  Lady  of  Good  Counsel,  Putnam,  near  Ralph 

Ave.    James  J.  Durick. 
Our  Lady  of  Guadalupe,  73d  St.  and  15th  Ave. 

John  J.  Durick. 
Our  Lady  of  Loretto  (Italian),  Powell  St., near 

Liberty.     V,  Sorrentino. 
Our  Lady  of  Lourdes,  De  Sales  PL,  near  Broad- 
way.    E.  H.  Porcile. 
Our  Lady  of  Peace  (Italian),  526  Carroll  St 
Our  Lady  of  Mercy,  Schermerhorn  St.,  near  Bond. 

T,  T.  McAteer. 
Our  Lady  of  Mount  Carmel  (Italian),  N.  8th  St, 

cor.  Union  Ave.     P.  Saponara. 
Our  Lady  of  Perpetual  Help,  6thAve.,  near  59th  St, 

J.  J.  Frawley. 
Our  Lady  of  Pompeii,  Selgel  St,    A.  Lopomo. 
Our  Lady  of  the  Prosentation,  Rockaway  Ave. » 

cor.  St.  Mark's  Ave.     Hugh  Hr.nd. 
Our  Lady  of  Solace.  W.  17th  St.  and  Mermaid  Av©.o 

Coney  Island.    J.  F.  Brophy. 


Information  About  the  Qity  of  JVew   York, 


771 


CHURCHES  IN   BROOKLYT^!— Continued. 


ROJIAX  CA  TIIOL I C— Continued. 

OurLadyof  Sorrows,  Morgan  Ave.  and  Harrison 

PL     H,  Merteiis. 
Our  Lady  of  Victory,  Throop  Ave.,  cor.  McDon- 

ougUSJt.     James  J.  Woods. 
SacredHeart,  ClermontAs'.  ,n.ParkAv.  J.F.  Nash, 
bacred  Hearts  of  Jesus  and  Mary,  Degraw  and 

Hicks  «is.     John  Vogel. 
St.  Airnes's,  Hoy t  St ,  cor.  Sackett.     J.  S.  Duffy. 
St.  Aloysius,  Onderdouk  Ave.  and  Stanhope  St. 

J.  W.  Hauptnian. 
St.  Alphousus's  (German),  177  KentSt    W.  Guhl. 
St.  Ambrose,  Tompkins  Ave. ,  cor.  De  Kalb  Ave. 

Thus.  F.  McQoveru. 
St.  Anne's,  Front  St. ,  cor.  Gold.  T.  F.  Horan. 
St.  Anthony  of  Padua,  ^rauhattau  Ave. ,  opposite 

Milton  St.     P.  F.  O'Hare. 
St.  Augustine,  6th  Ave.  and  Sterling  PI.     K  W. 

McCarty. 
St.  Barbara's,  Central  Ave. ,  cor.  Bleecker  St.     J. 

J.  llauselmanu. 
St.  Benedict's  (Uerman), Fulton  St.,  near  Ralph 

Ave.    J.  J.  Kuuz. 
St.  Bernard's  (German),  RapelyeSt. ,  cor.  Hicks. 

J.  Traenkle. 
St.  Boniface's  (German),  DufQeld  St,  near  Wil- 

loughbv  St.     Martin  Lang. 
St.  Brendan's,  1426  E.  lOih  St.   T.  A.  Hickey. 
St  Bridget's,  Linden  St. ,  cor.  St.  2s icholas  Ave. 

P.  J.  Farielly. 
Si.  Casimir's  (Poli.sh),  Greene  Ave.,  near  AdelphI 

St.     A.  Nawrocki. 
St    Catherine  of   Alexandria,    41st  St.  and  Ft. 

Hamilton  Parkway.    John  J.  O'Neill. 
St.  Cecilia's.  N.  Henry  sit,  cor.  Herbert  St.    E. 

J .  McGolrick. 
St.  Charles  Borromeo's,    Sidney  PI.,  cor.   Liv- 
ingston St.    J.  K  Bobier. 
St.  Edward's,  St.  Edward's  St.,  cor.  Leo  PL  J.  F. 

Melia. 
St.  Elias's,  720  Leonard  St     P,  Keshelak. 
St.  Finbar's,  Bay  20th  SL  and  Bath  Ave.    W,  A. 

Gardner. 
St  Francis  de  Chantal,  57th  St ,  near  13th  Ave. 

\V.  J.  McAdam. 
St.  Francis  of  Assisi,  Lincoln  Road  and  Nostrand 

Ave.     F.  X.  Ludeke. 
St.  Francis  Xavier's,  Carroll  St,  cor.  6th  Ave. 

D.  J.  Hickey. 
St.  Gabriel's,  Neav  Lots  Road  and  Linwood  St. 

T.  FitzgeralcL 
St.   Gregory,  Brooklyn  Ave.  and  St.  John's  PL 

M.  Fitzgerald. 
St.  .Tames' s  Pro- Cathedi'al,  JaySt.,  cor.  Chapel  St 

Peter  Donohoe. 
St.  Jerome,  cor.  Newkirk  and  Nostrand  Aves.  T. 

F.  Lynch. 
St.  Jolm'sC^ntius,  Blake  and  New  Jersey  Aves, 

T,  Misicki. 
St   John  the' Baptist's,    Willoughby  Ave. ,  near 

Lewis  Ave.     J.  W.  Moore. 
St.  John  the  Evangelist's,  21st  St.,  near  5th  Ave. 

T.  S.Duhigg. 
St  John's  Chapel,  Clermont  Ave.,  near  Greene 

Ave.    J.  J.  Coan. 
St.  Joseph's,  Pacific  St ,  near  Vanderbilt  Ave.  P."" 

J.  McNamara. 
St.  Leonard  of  Port  Maurice's  (German),  Ham- 
burg Ave.,  cor.  Jeflerson  St    Geo.  IJ.  Sander. 
St  Louis'  s  ( French),  Ellery  St.,  near  Nostrand  A  v. 

Jules  Jollon. 
St   Lucy's  (Italian),  810  Kent  Ave.    A.  Arcese. 
St.  Malachy's,  Van  Sickleu  Ave. ,  near  Atlantic 

Ave.    H.  B.  Ward. 
St.  Mark's,  Sheepshead  Bay  Rd.^  cor.  E.  14th  St 

D.  J.  McCarthy. 
St.   Martin  of  Tours,  Knickerbocker  Ave.  and 

Hancock  St.     J.  Donohoe. 
St.  .Mary's,  85th  St.,  cor.  23d  Ave.    O.  Wightman. 
St.  Mary^s  of  the  Angels  (Lithuanian),  S.  4th  and 

Roebling  Sts.    Vincent  Varnagiris. 
St.  Mary's  Star  of  the  Sea,  Court  St.,  cor.  Luquer.  ■ 

J.  O'ConnelL 
St.  Matthew's,  Utica  Ave.,  cor.  Degiaw  St.    J. 

F,  O'Hara, 


:ROMAy  CATHOLIC— Contiaued. 

St  Michael's,  4th  Ave. ,  cor.  42d  St  W.T.McGuIrL 
St.  Michael's  Archangel  (Italian),  Lawrence  St., 

cor.  Tillary  St.    G.  (Jarafalo. 
St  Michael's  (German j,  Jerome  St.,  near  Liberty 

Ave.     Q.  Messner. 
St  Nicholas'  (German),  Devoe  St,  cor.  Olive  St 

J.  P.  HoHman. 
St  Patrick's,  Kent  Ave. ,  cor.  Willoughby  Ave. 

Thomas  Taafle. 
St.  Patrick's.  95th  St.,  c.  4th  Ave.   J.  P.  McGinley. 
St    Paul's,  Court  St,  cor.  Congress  St     M.  G. 

Flannery. 
St.  Peter's,   Hicks  St,  cor.   Warren  St    M.  A. 

Fitzgerald. 
SS.  Peter  and  Paul's,  Wythe  Ave.,  near  S.  2d  St. 

Joseph  Kilpatrick. 
St.  Rose  of  Lima's,  Lawrence  Ave.,  Parkville. 

StSavior's,  6thSt  and  8th  Ave.    J.J.  Flood. 
SS.  Simon  and  Jude,  Ave.  T.  and  Van  Siclen  Ave. 

J.  J.  McCarron. 
St  Stanislaus'  (.Scandinavian),  14th  St. ,  near  6th 

Ave.     C.  H.  Dumahut. 
St.  Stanislaus'  (Polish),  Driggs  Ave.,  near  Hum- 
boldt St     Leo  Wysiecki. 
St  Stephen's,  Summit  St.,  cor.  Hicks  St     J.  G. 

Fitz  Gerald. 
St.  Teresa's,  Classou  Ave.,  cor.   Sterling  PI.    J, 

McNamee. 
St.  Thomas  Aquinas',  4th  Ave.,  cor.  9th  St.    J. 

Donohue. 
St.  Thomas  Aquinas' ,  Flatbush  Ave. ,  near  Ave.  N. 

E.  W.  Dullea. 
St    Vincent  de  Paul's,   N.   6th  St, near  Driggs 

Ave.    Thomas  E.  Carroll. 
Transfiguration,  Hooper  St,  cor.  Marcy  Ave.  W. 

J.  Maguire. 
Visitation  of  the  B.   V.    M, ,  Verona  St,   cor. 

Richards  St.    W.  J.  White. 

SEVENTH- DA  Y  AD VENTISTS. 

First  English,  Hopkinson  Ave.,  near  Decatur  St. 

L.  H.  Proctor. 
First  German,  189  Irving  Ave.    O.  E.  Reinke. 
Scandinavian,  256 19th  St     M.  L.  Andreasen. 

UNITARIAN. 

Church  of  the  Saviour,  Pierrepont  St.,  cor.  Mon- 
roe PI.    J.  P.  Forbes. 

Fourth,  Church  Ave.  and  E.  18th  St.  John  M. 
Davidson. 

Second,  Clinton  St.,  cor.  Congress  St  C.  S.  S. 
Dutton. 

Unity  (Third),  Gates  Ave.,  cor.  Irvmg  PL  W. 
M.  Bnnidage. 

Willow  PL  Chapel,  Willow  PL    B.  J.  Newman. 

UNI  VERSA  LIST. 

All  Souls'  Church,  Ditmas  and  Ocean  Aves.   L. 

W.  Brigham.  - 

Church  of  Our  Father,  Grand  Ave.,  cor.  Lefferts 

PL    T.  E.  Potterton. 
Church  of    Reconciliation,  N.  Henry   St. ,  near 

Nassau  Ave. 
Church  of  the  Good  Tldlnes,  Madison,  cor.  Stuy- 

vestaut.    Charles  R.  East. 

MISCELLANEO  US. 

Christian  Church  of  the  Evangel.  Leonard  St, 

near  Meserole  Ave.     S.  A.  Lloyd. 
First  Free  Baptist,  Keap  St. .  cor.  Marcy  Ave. 
First  German  (Swedeiiborgiau),  164ClymerSt. 
First  German  (.swedenborgian— new).  Gates  Ave. 

and  Broadway.      William  Diehl. 
Friends,  Schermerhorn  St,  near  Boerum  PI. 
German  People'  s. Throop  Ave.,  near  Myrtle. 
Grace  (Metb.   Protes't).  E.  92d  St.  &  Church  Lane 
Grace  (iospel,  Bainbridgc  St.,  near  Saratoga  Ave. 
Latter-l)av  Saints, E.  Parkway, c.  Hopkinson  Ave. 
Moraviau.'Jay  St.,  near  Myrtle  Ave.   PatilGreider. 
Peoples',  77  Siitton  St. 

St.  Nicholas  Greek  Orthodox,  301  Pacific  St 
Swedenborgian  (.New  Jerusalem),  Clark  tei.  and 

Monroe  PI.   J.  C  Ager. 


•772 


Information   About   the    City   of  New    York. 


ISxprrss  (©fftccs  in  t\)t  (tit^  of  l^t\3i  ¥orife. 


Adams.— Principal  oiVice,  61  Broadway.  Otlier 
ollicee,  154  W.  26th  St.,  Madison  Ave.  and48th  St., 
51  W.  125th  St. ,  27531^  Rroadway,  308  W.  l-24th  St., 
137  W.  Jlroadway.  309  Canal  ?5t.,  324  Lafa.vetteHt. . 
132  Hamilton  PI.,  668  E.  148tli  rit. .  25  VV.  SSd  St.,  26 
E.  42d  .St.,  250  Grand  St..  127  Prince  St.,  13  E. 
14th  St.,  91  Maiden  Lane,  1033,  1257  3d  Avo.,  a55 
Aiusterdam  Ave. ,  1789  Lpxinsjtoa  Ave.,  2  Reade 
St..  200  Chambers  St.,  11  \V,  34th  St.,  242  W.  47th 
St.;  in  Brooklyn,  322  Fulton  St.,  lOFnrmanSt., 
787  Flatbush  Ave.,  .TelTerson  Ave.  and  Ormond 
PI.,  2505  Atlantic  Ave. ,  107  Broadway.  71  Jackson 
Ave.,  L.  I.  C. ;  in  .lersey  City,  10  Exchange  Pi. 
and  Pier  D,  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Depot. 

American.— Principal  office,  65  Broad  wav.  Other 
offices,  142  W.  Broadway, 302  Canal  St..  18  Astor 
PI,  922  and  1434  Broad  way,  21  Mott  St.,  22  W.  15th 
St.,  8  Dey  St.,  120  E.  42d  St.,  Lexington  Ave.  and 
129th  St.,  129th  St.  and  A  m.sterdam  Ave.,  1251, 2369 
Sd  Ave..  139  Spring  St.,  117  W.12oth  St.,  IHSth  St. 
and  Park  Ave.,  Vanderbiit  Ave.  and  44th  St., 
INladison  Ave.  and47tliSt.,  93  Bowerv,315  and  683 
Columbus  Ave.  235  W.  116th  St.,  Bronx  Parli; 
in  Brooklyn,  8,  339,  611,  726,1392  Fulton  St.,  20 
Dean  St.,  1089  Flatbush  Ave.,  I^ee  Ave.  and  CTwin- 
nett  St.,  954  Broadwaj',  27  Alabama  Ave.,  3d 
Ave.  and  25th  St. ;  in  .Tersev  City,  109  Hudson  St. 

American— European  (Foreign)  8  Bridge  St. 

Borough.— Principal  office.  145  W.  125th  St. 
Other  offices,  1572,  2218  Broad wa.y,  Morris  and 
Greenwich  Sts.,  296Caual.  foot  of  Chi*istopher,fo  )t 
of  L'berty,  142  West,  2  Rector  St.,  127  Franklin 
St.,  West  Washington  Market,  128  Division.  7  E. 
14th  Kt.,  .35  West  3d  St..  5.55  W.  23d  St. .  24  E.  21st 
St. ,  134  \V.  38th  St. ,  7  E.  39th  St. ,  128th  St..  near  3d 
Av. ,  West  83d  St.  and  Broadvvay,  1243  Third 
A  .-..  224,  696  Columbus  Ave. 

Cu'jan  &  Pan-American  (Foreign),  52  Broad- 
way, 136  P'ranklin  St. 

Davies, Turner  &  Co.  (Foreign).— 24  Whitehall  St. 

Dodd.— Principal  office,13.54  Hroadwav.  No.  6  As- 
tor House,  170,  425,  434,  461.  1159.  1354"  Broadway, 
Liberty,  Chambers.  Cortlandt,  Desbrosses,and  \V. 
23d  St.  Ferries,  Citizens'  Line  and  Metropolitan 
Line,  foot  of  W.  10th  St.;  People's  Line,  loot  of 
Cana'.St. ;  Providence  Line,  foot  of  Murra..ySt.; 
Fall  River  Line,  foot  of  Warren  St. ;  182,  263  5th 
Ave.,5217th  Ave..  245  Columbus  .A.ve., Grand  Cen- 
tral Depot,  105  W.  125th  St.,  60  W.  i:53d  St..  2798  3d 
Ave.;  in  Brooklyn,  52  Nassau  St.,  4  Court  St.,  479 
Nnstrand  Ave.,  390  Broadway;  in  Jersey  City,  10 
E.xchange  PI. 

Downing' s  (Foreign).— 32  Broadway. 

InternationaUForeign>.— 52  B'wavl  136  Franklin. 

.To.v  Line.- Office.  9  Henrv  St.  Otrier  offices.  63 
Gold  St.,  15  Burling  Slip,  376  Canal  St.,  89  Wooster 
St..  281  Fifth  Ave.,  Pier 27,  E.  R. 

Knickerbocker  Express  Co.— Main  office,  51 
Broadway.  Orders  and  parcels  will  be  received 
at  offices  of  the  Wells.  Fargo  &  Co.,  whose  wagons 
will  collect  packages  for  this  company. 

Long  Island. —Princioal  office.  Long  Island  City. 
Other  offices,foot  of  .Tames  Slip  and  foot  of  hZ.  34th 
St..  95  Fifth  Ave.,  304  Canal  St.,  613  6th  Ave..  195 
Chambers  St.,  257Mercer  St.,  574  Columbus  Ave. , 
164  E.  77th  St..  1047  6th  Are.,  133  \V.  125th  St.;  in 
Brooklyn,  333"  Fulton  St.,  88  Hanson  PI.,  Atlantic 
Ave.,  near  Vesta  Ave.,  Bushwick  .\ve.  ^)epots, 
501  Broadwa.v,  near  Union  Ave.,  Parkville,  5604 
3d  Ave.,  near  56th  St. 

Mon'is' European  and  American  Ex.— 59  B' way. 


National.— Principal  office,  141  Broadway.  Other 
offices,  123  PrinceSt.,footofDesbrossesSt..l34  W. 
25th  St.,  9  W.  31st  St..  Lexington  Ave.,  cor.  129th 
St.,  158  Duane  St. ,114  W.  Broadway, 22  Hudson  St., 
100  Maiden  l.ane,  105  Bleecker  St.. 63  Gold  St.,  96 
Worth  St.,  117  \V.  1:25th  St..l65Crosby  St.,  302  Canal 
St..  138th  St.  and  Park  Ave.,  399  Madison  Ave., 
foot  of  W.  42d  St.,  Vanderbiit  Ave.  and  44th  St., 
1251  3d  Ave.,  235  W.  116th  St.  .315,683  Columbus 
Ave.,  Amsterdam  Ave.  cor.  r29th  St..  Webster 
Ave.  and  Southern  Boulevard,  Bronx  Park;  in 
Brooklvn,  same  offices  as  American  Express; 
in  Jersey  Citv,  109  Hudson  St.:  in  Hoboken 
and  Weehawk'en,  West  Shore  R.  R.  depot. 

New  York  and  Boston  Despatch.— Foot  E.22d 
St.  ,304  and  306  Canal  St.,  100  Maiden  Lane,  45 
Church  St.,  63  Gold  St.,  123  Prince  St.,  95  5th 
Ave.,  613  6th  Ave. ,  165  Crosbv  St. ,  257  Mercer  St. , 
foot  Frankliin  St. ,  Piers  18, 40,  N.  R. 

New  York  Transfer  Companv.—See  Dodd. 

Pitt  &  Scott  (Foreign) —39  Broadway. 

Russian  Co.  (Foreign),  120  Broad  St. 

Southern.— 71  Broanway.— See  Adams. 

United  States.— Principal  office,  2  Rector  St., 
Other  offices,  134  W.  38th  St.,  1572,  2218  Broadway, 
296  Canal  St.,  foot  of  Christopher  St.,  foot  of 
Liberty  St.,  12  Fulton  St.,  100  Maiden  Lane, 
63  Gold  St.,  142  West  St.,  129  Franklin  St. ,  West 
Washington  Market,  128  Division  St..  526  W.  22d 
St. ,  24  E.  21st  St..  555  W.  23d  St.,  7  E.  39th  St. .  145 
W.  125thSt..  1243  3d  Ave.,  224.  696  Columbus  Ave., 
Morris  and  Greenwich  Sts.,  7  E.  14tli  St. ,35  W.  3d 
St.,  156  E.  23ilSt. :  in  Brooklvn,  10.  339,611,1400 
Fulton  St.,  100  Broadwav.  11:»  Myrtle  Ave.,  3d 
Ave.  and  25th  St.,  1089  Flatbush  Ave..  27  Ala- 
bama Ave.;  in  Jersey  City,  46  Montgomery  .St., 
Depot  of  Central  R.  R.  of  New  Jersey  at  Ferry; 
in  Hoboken,  on  Ferry  f*t.,  two  blocks  from  Ferry, 
also  in  depot  of  Del. ,  Lack,  and  Western  R.  H. 

Universal  (Foreign).— ^^tetzger  &  Co.,  19  B' way. 

Wells  Fargo  &  Co.  (Foreign).  51  Broadway. 

Wells  Fargo  it  Co.— Principal  office,  51  Broad- 
wav. Other  offices,  1159  Broadwav.  613,  659,  1047 
6Lh'Ave.,  310  Canal  St.,  100  Maiden  Lane,  198  W. 
Broadwav.  123  Prince  St..  60  E.  8th  St..loO  War- 
ren St.,  18  Chatham  Sq., 174  Mercer  St.,loVJolm 
St.,  185  Stanton  St.,  217  Greene  St.,  9Morris  St., 
128th  St.  and  3d  Ave. ,  5  Columbus  Ave.,  loot  of 
W.  2.3d  St.,  95  5th  .Ave.,  1217  3d  Ave.,  1208  Lexing- 
ton Ave. ,  906,  1734,  2003  Amsterdam  Ave.,  257  W. 
116th  St.,  133  W.  125th  St.,  264  W.  135ih  St. ,  374 
Alexander  Ave..  7lh  Ave. and  114th  St., 8206  3d 
Ave.,  758Tremont  .Ave, 1.56th  St.  and  Union  Ave.  ; 
in  Brooklyn,  331  Fulton  St..  171  Atlantic  Ave., 
524,  780  Broadway,  corner  Court  And  Union  sts., 
22  Rockwell  PI.;  in  Jersey  City,  299  Pavonia 
Ave.  ,and  at  Ferry  foot  of  Pavonia  Ave. 

Westcott.— Principal  office.  Madison  Ave.  and 
46th  St.  Other  offices,  84,  149,  415.  429,  922,  1183, 
1216,1434  Broadwav,  foot  of  Barclay.  St.,  foot  of 
Desbrosses  St.,  18  Astor  PI.,  foot  of  W.  23d  St., 
foot  of  Christoplior  St.,  footofW.  42d  St.,  (irand 
Central  Station,  1251  3d  Ave.,129rh  St.  and  Lexing- 
ton Ave.,  275,  315  and  683  Columbus  Ave.,  235  W. 
116th  St.,  117  W.  12.5th  St.,  1869  Park  Ave.,  2016 
Amsterdam  Ave.  ,138th  st.andPifr.c  Ave.,  28oO 
Webster  Ave.;  in  Brooklvn,  10,338,611,726,1392 
Fulton  St.,  1089  Flatbush  Ave.,  20  Dean  St..  2566 
Atlantic  Ave.,  15  Bergen  St.,  255  Lee  Ave.,  954 
Broadwav,  3d  Ave.  and  25th  St..  Bath  Ave.  and 
Bay  19th"St.,  Stillwell  Ave.,  opp.  Mermaid  Ave. 


i^opulatfon  of  jSTcta  ¥ortt  O^ttp, 

GROWTH    OF    THE    CITY    SINCE    ITS    EARLIEST    DAYS. 


1661. 
1673. 
1696. 
1731. 
1750. 
1756. 
1771. 
1776. 
1786. 
1790. 


1,743  f  1800. 


2,500 
4,455 
8,256 
10,000 
10,530 
21,865 
22.861 
23,«88 
33^31 


60,489 

1805 75.587 

1810 96,373 

1816 100.619 

1820 123,706 

1825 166.136 

1830 202„589 

1835 253,028 

1840 312.710 

1845 358,310 


18.50 515,-547 

1855 629,904 

18t^0 : 813,669 

1865 726.836 

1870 942292 

1875 1.041,886 

1880 1,206,299 

1890 1.515.301 

1893 1.891,306 

1898  (allBoro's).  .3.350,000 


1899  ( 

all  Boro' 

s)..  3,549.558 

1900 

»k 

'^ 

...3,595,936 

1901 

Ik 

tt 

.  3.4:57,202 

1902 

it 

<( 

..3,. 582, 930 

1903 

(I 

•' 

..3  6.32,501 

1904 

<< 

4ft 

..3,750,000 

1905 

«i 

l< 

.  .3,850,000 

19(i6 

<f 

<( 

..4,014,.S04 

1907 

«C 

" 

.4,152,860 

1908 

it 

t  f 

..4  2P0.0W 

Hospitals  in  Manhattan  and  Bronx. 


773 


palDUlJ rotters'  BcBulattous  m  tlftc  (tiX^  of  Neto  ¥orfe. 

PAWXBUOKiiHS  iu  New  York  City  are  regulated  by  statute.  Tlie  rate  of  interest  fixed  by  law  Is  3 
per  ceut.  a  luontLi  or  auy  iractiou  of  a  moutti  lor  the  hrst  six  mouths,  and  2  per  cent,  per  mouth  for 
each  succeeding  mouth  upouauy  loau  uot  exceeding  $100,  and  2  per  cent,  a  month  for  the  first  six 
mouths  audi  per  ceut.  a  mouth  for  each  succeeding  mouth  on  any  loan  exceeding  $100.  Pledges 
cannot  be  sold  until  after  they  have  been  ket3t  one  year,  and  then  at  public  auction  by  a  licensed 
auctioneer,  alter  publication  of  at  least  §ix  days  in  two  daily  newspapers  designated  bv  the  Mayor, 
Pawnbrokei-s  pay  a  yearly  license  fee  dt  $500  to  the  city  and  are  under  the  control  of  the  Mavor. 
Thelicense  is  issued  through  the  iiureau  of  liiceuses,  and  their  books  xnust  be  kept  open  to  theilayor. 
Criminal  Courts,  jiagistrates,  and   Police. 


PROVIDE!gT  LOAN  SOCIETY  (EXECUTIVE  OFFICE,  105  EAST  22D  ST.)  LOANING 

OFFICES:  279  4TH  AVE.,  186  ELORIOGE  ST.,  119  WEST  42D  ST.,  105 

EAST  125TH  ST.,  409  GRAND  ST.    BROOKLYN,  24  GRAHAM  AVE. 

Office  hours:9  A.M.to5  p.m.  ;  Saturday  to  6  p.  m.  Ticketgood  for  one  year  only.  Loans  may  be  paid 
by  instalments,  in  sums  not  less  than  $1.  'Rates  of  intere.st;  One  per  ceut.  per  month,  or  any  fraction 
thereof.  Only  one-half  month  interest  charged  on  all  loans  redeemed  within  two  week^  after  duto 
of  pledge.  Condition  of  loan,  agreed  to  bv  the  holder  of  the  ticket  m  consideration  of  interest  being 
charged  at  le.ss  fhan  the  rate  allowed  by  "law.  The  Provident  Loan  Society  (^  New  York  shall  not 
beliablefor  loss  or  damage  by  fire,  breakage,  damoness,  theft,  or  moths;  nor  shall  it  be  liable  in 
any  event  for  more  than  25  per  cent,  in  addition  to  the  amount  loaned.  James  Speyer,  President; 
Frank  Tucker,  Vice-President;  Otto  T.  Baunard,  Treasurer;  iMortimer  L,  cschiflf,  Secretary;  M.  G. 
Hopf,  Assistant  to  Treasurer. 

When  making  payment  by  instalment,  the  full  amount  of  interest  due  on  the  sum  loaned  must  be 
iticluded,  and  the  ticket  must  be  returned.  The  interest  due  on  the  loan  cannot  be  paid  by  instal- 
!nent.  The  Society  has  thus  far  limited  the  classes  of  personal  property  on  which  it  has  made  loans 
to  ciathing  and  so-called  "jewelc.  "  including  under  that  designation  all  articles  of  gold  or  silver, 
precious  stones,  opera-glasses,  eye-glasses,  also  men's  clothing  iu  good  coudition,  aud  ladies'  and 
men's  furs. 


?l^o.e«ptta(.5i  111  iHaiUjattan  aulf  ^roux. 


American  Vet.    See  ' ' 2s.  X ,  Am.  Veterinary. ' ' 

Babies',  135  E.  55th  St. 

Bellevue,  foot  K  26th  St. 

Beth  Israel,  Jefferson  and  Cherry  Sts. 

CItv,  Blackwell's  Island,  office  foot  E.  26th  St. 

Columbus,  226  E.  20th  St. 

Emergency  for  Women,  223  E  26th  St. 

Flower,  Ave.  A,  cor.  E.  63d  St. 

Fordham,    S.  Boulevard,  cor.  Cambreling  Ave. 

Free  Home  for  Incurable  Cancer,  426  Cherry  fcjt. 

French  Benevolent  Societv.  450  \V.  34th  St. 

General  Memorial,  2  W.  lOtith  St. 

German.  E.  77th  St.,  cor.  Park  Ave. 

Gouverneur,  Gouverneur  Slip,  cor.  Front  St. 

Hahnemann,  Park  Ave.,  near  E.  67th  St. 

Harlem  Eye,  Ear.  and  Throat  Inf.,  144  E.  127th  St. 

Harlem.  JJeiiDX  Ave.,  cor.  W.  136th  St. 

Hospital    for     Consumptive    Children,  Spuyteu 

Duvvil. 
H  ispital  for  Contagious  Eye  Diseases,  341  Pleasant 

Avt^. 
Hospital  for  Consumjltives,  Blackwell's  Island. 
Hospital  of  the  N.  Y  Am.  Vet.  Col.,337E.  o7thSt. 
House  of  Relief,  67  Hudson  St. 
J.  Hood  Wright  Memorial  Hospital,  W.  131st St., 

cor.  Amsterdam  Ave. 
Laura  Franklin,  Free  Hospital  for  Children,  17  E. 

111th  St. 
Lebanon,  Westchester  Ave.,  near  Cauldwell  Ave. 
Lincoln,  E.  14l8t  St. ,  cor.  Concord  Ave. 
Manhattan  Eye,  Ear  aud  Throat,  64tli  St.,  near 

3d  Ave. 
Ma;ihattan  Maternity,  327  E.  60th  St. 
Manhattan  State  Hospital,  Ward's  Island. 
Maternity   Ho.spital  of  the  New  York   Mothers' 

Home  of  the  Sisters  of  Misericorde,531  E.  86th  St. 
Merchant  Marine.  109  Broad  St. 
Metropolitan,  2-48  E.  82d  St. 
Metropolitan,   Blackwell's  Island. 
Metropolitan  Throat,  351  W.  34th  St. 
Mt.  Sinai.  5th  Ave.,  cor.  E.  100th  St. 
New  Amsterdam  Eve  and  Ear.  230  W.  38th  St. 
New  York,  7  W.  lath  St. 

New  York  American  Veterinary,  141  W.  54th  St. 
New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  218  2d  Ave. 
New  York   Homoaopathic   Medical   College   aud 

Hospital,  Ave.  A,  near  E.  63d  St. 
New  York  Infirmary  for  Women  aud  Children, 

3S1  Eus(,  15th  ihX, 


New  Y'ork   Medical  College    aud    Hospital  for 

Women,  19  W.  101st  St. 
NewYork  ODlithalmicand  Am-al  Tnst.,46E.12thSt. 
New  "S'ork  Ophthalmic,  201  E.  23d  St. 
New  York  Orthopcedic.  126  E.  o9th  St. 
New  York  Polvclinic,  214  E.  34tli  St. 
New  York  Post-Graduate,  301  E.  20tli  St. 
New  York  Skin  and  Cancer,  330  2d  Ave. 
New  York  Societv  for  the  Relief  of  the  Ruptured 

aud  Crippled, 13b  E.  42d  St. 
New  York  Throat,  Nose,  and  Lung,  229  E.  57th  St. 
NewYork  Veterinary,  U7  W.  2ath  St. 
Nurserv  and  Child's,  571  Lexington  Ave. 
Past«uf  Institute,  313  W.  23d  St. 
Philanthropin,  2076Fii:li  Ave. 
Presbj'terian,  70th  Si.,  near  Park  Ave. 
Rivei'side,  North  Brother  Island. 
Riverside  (Reception),  foot  E.  16th  St. 
Roosevelt, W.  59th  St.,  near 9th  Ave. 
St.  Andrew's  Convalescent  Hospital  for  Women 

and  Children. 213  E.  17th  St. 
St.  Ann's  [Maternitv,  130  E.  69th  St. 
St.  Elizabeth's.  415  W.  51st  St. 
St.  Francis' s,  609  5th  St. 
St.  Gregorv's  Free  Hospital,  91  Gold  St. 
St.  John's  Guild  Floating  Hospital  for  Children, 

office  501  5tu  Ave. 
St.  Joseph's.  E.  143d  St.,  cor.  Brook  Ave. 
St.  Joseph's  Infirmary, E.  82d  St.,  n.  Madison  Ave. 
St.  Luke's,  Am.'^ferdam  Ave.,  cor.  W.  113th  St. 
St.  Martjaret's.  123  E.  27th  St. 
St.  Mark's,  177  2d  Ave. 

St.  Marv'sFree  Hospital  forChlldren,407  W.SlthSt. 
St.  Vincent's,  157  W.  11th  St. 
Sanitarium  for  Hebrew  Children,  356  2d  Ave, 
Sea-side,  office  501  5th  Ave. 
Seton  (for  Consumptives),  Spuyteu  Duyvil. 
Sloane  Maternity.  W.  59th  St..  c.  .Amsterdam  Ave. 
Societv  of  Lviiig-in  Hospital,  E.  17th  St.,  c.  2d  Ave. 
Trinitv,  50  Varick  St. 
Svdenham.  339  E.  116th  St. 
Lfnited  States  Marine  (olKce.  Battery). 
Vanderbilt  Clinic,  60th  St.  and  Amsterdam  Ave. 
Washington  Heights,  554  W.  165th  St. 
Willard  Parker,  foot  E.  16th  St. 
Woman's,  110th  St.,  near  Amsterdam  Ave. 
Woman's  Infirmary  aud  Materuity,124  W.  65th St. 


774 


Information  About  the  City  of  Neio   York, 


Bay  Ridge  Hospital,  60th  St,  and  2d  Ave.  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  Henry  St,  iieai 

Bedford  Dispensarj'',  843  Ralph  Ave.  Pacific  St. 


Bedford  Guild  Dispensary,  963  Bergen  St. 

Bethany  Deaconesses'  Home  and  Hospital,  237 

St.  Is  icholas  Ave. 
Bethesda  Sanitarium,  952  St.  Mark's  Ave. 
Brooklyn  Central  Dispensary,  29  Sd  Ave. 
Brooklyn  City  Dispensary,  11  Tillary  St. 

Brooklyn  Diet  Dispensary,  174  Johnson  St.;  268 
Leonard  St. 

Brooklyn  E.  D.  Dispensary  and  Hospital,  106 
S.'SdSt.  ^       ' 

Brooklyn  Eye  and  Ear,  94  Livingston  St. 

Brooklyn  Homoeopathic  Dispensary  (K  D. ),  194 
S.  Sd  St. 

Brooklyn  Hospital,  Raymond  St.,  near  De  Kalb 

Ave. 
Brooklyn  Nursery  and    Infants'    Hospital,   896 

Herkimer  St. 

Brooklyn  Training   School  for  Nurses,  De  Kalb 

Ave.,  cor.  Raymond  SU 
Bush  wick  Hospital,  4  Howard  Ave. 

Bnshwirkand  Kast  Brooklyn  Dispensary,  Myrtle 
and  Lewis  Aves. 

Central   Homoeopathic    Dispensary,    15    Colum- 
bus PI. 
Coney  Island  Hospital,  Ocean  Parkway. 

Faith  Home  for  Incurables,  Park  PI.,  corner 
Classen  Ave. 

Gates  Ave.  Homoeopathic  Dispensary,  13  Gates 
Ave.     - 

German  Hospital,  St.  Nicholas  Ave.  and  Stan- 
hope St. 

Home  for  Consumptives,  Kingston  Ave.  and 
St.  .lolin'sPl. 

Jewish  Hospital,  Classen  and  St.  Mark's  iives., 
and  70  Johnson  Ave. 

Kings  County  Hospital,  Clarkson  Ave. , near  Al- 
bany Ave. 

Kingston  Ave.  Hospital, Kingston  Ave.  andFeni- 
m  ore  St. 

Long  Island  College  Dispensary,  Pacific  St.,  near 
Henry  St. 


liOng  Island  Throat  Hospital  and  Eye  InflrEoary, 
55  Willoughby   St.  * 

Long  Island  Veterinary  Hospital,  285  Jay  St. 

Lutheran  Hospital,  East  New  York  Ave.,  corner 

JuuiusSt. 

Memorial  Dispensary,  811  Bedford  Ave. 

Memorial  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children. 827 

Sterling  PI, 

Methodist  Episcopal   Hospital  (Seney  Hospital), 
7th  Ave.,  cor.  6lh  St, 

Norwegian  Lutheran  Deaconesses'  Home  and  Hos* 

pital,  46th  St.,  cor.  4th  Ave. 
Polheraus  Memorial  Clinic,  Amity   St. ,  corner 

Henry  St. 
Prospect  Heights  and  Brooklyn  Maternity,  comer 

Washington  Ave.  and  St.  John's  Ph 

Reception  Hospital,  Sea  Breeze  Ave.,  near  W,  3d 

St.,  Coney  Island, 
Samaritan  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  608  Fourth 

Ave. 
Skene's  Sanitarium.  759  President  St. 

St.  Catherine's  Hospital,  Bushwick  Ave.,  near 

Ten  Eyck  St. 
St.  John's  Hospital  (Church  Charity  Foundation), 

Atlantic  Ave.,  cor.  Albany  Ave. 

St.  Mary's    General    Hospital.   Buffalo  and   St, 
Mark' s  Aves.    Sistei-s  of  Charity. 

St.  Mary's  Jlaternity  and  Female  Hospital,  155 
Deau  St.    Sisters  of  Charity. 

St.  Peter's  Hospital,  Henry  St..  cor.  Congress  St. 
Sisters  of  the  Poor  of  St.  Francis. 

St.  Phebe's  Mission  Guild.  125  De  Kalb  Ave. 

Swedish  Hospital,  Sterling  PI,  and  Rogers  Ave. 

U.   S.   Naval  Hospital,  Flushing  Ave.,  opposite 

Ryersoii  St. 

■Williamsburg  Hospital,  Bedford  Ave.,  cor.  S. 

3d  St. 
Willis,  374  Ocean  Parkway, 


2Lit)tartci3  in  2jvooUli)u. 


Bedford,  1143  Bedford  Ave. 

Brooklyn  Public  I^ibrary,  headquarters,  26  Bre- 
vnort  Place;  Reference  Dep't  and  Dep't  of  Trav- 
elling Libraries,  197  Montague  St.;  branches  .at 
Rodney  St.  aud  Division  Ave.,  Franklin  Ave., 
opposite  Hancock  St. ;  198  Montrose  Ave.;  Arling- 
ton Ave.,  between  Warwick  aud  Ash  ford  Sts. ; 
4th  Ave.  and  51st  St.,  Clinton  and  Union  Sts., 
IJnden  Ave.,  near  Flatbush;  6th  Ave.,  corner 
9thSt.;  2d  Ave. and 73d  St.,  186  Bridge  St.,  Marine 
and  4th  Aves.,  234  Albany  Ave.,  Bath  Ave.  and 
Bay  17th  St.,  1031  Putnam  Ave. ,  29  Pennsylvania 
Ave.,  67  Schermerhorn  St..  Tompkins  Park, 
Franklin  and  ludia  Sts.,  1657  Shore  Ror.d,  496 
Knickerbocker  Ave.,  4th  Ave,   and   Pacific  St., 


23  ?<[onitor  St.,  Pitkin  Ave.  and  Watklns  St., 
DeKalb  and  Bushwick  Aves.,  Normau  Ave.  and 
Leonard  St. 

Directory  Library.  317  Washington  PI, 

Law  Library,  Room  29  Court- House. 

Lous:  Island  Historical  Society,  Pierrepont  and 
Clinton  Sts.  • 

New  Church  Free  Library,  98  S.  Elliott  PI. 

Pratt    Institute,   Free.   215  Ryerson  St. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  602  Fultoa 
St.— Open  8  a  m.  to  10  p.m. 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  Scher- 
merhorn St.  aud  Flatbush  Ave.— Open  daily  from 
9  a.m.  to  9.30  F.M. 


'^\)tviXxtn  antr  O^tfjcr  J^laccs  of  Amusement  in  JSroofclnn. 

Washington    and 


Academy  of  Music,  Lafayette 
Ave.,  St.  Felix  St.  and  Ash- 
land PI. 

Bijou,  Smith  &  Livingston  Sts. 

Blaney's,  Bedford  Ave.,  near 
S.  9ih  St. 

Broadway,  Broadway,  near 
Mi'rtle  Ave. 

Brooklyn  Inst.  Arts  and  Scl- 
encif\s,Kast'  n  Parkway  and  Flat- 
bush  Ave,:  office,  502  Fulton  St. 

Clermont  Ave.  Rink, Clermont 
Ay»-„  near  Mynle, 


Columbia, 
Tillary  Sts. 

Folly,  Graham  and  Flushing 
Aves. 
Gayety,  B'way  &  ThroopAv. 

Grand  Opera  House,  EJm  PL, 
near  Fultou  St. 

Gotham,  Fulton  St.  and  Ala- 
bama Ave. 

Historical  Hall jPierrepont  and 

Clinton  Sis. 

Hyde   &  Behraan's  Ol.vTnpic, 
Adams  St.,  near  Myrtle  Ave. 


Keeney's,  Fulton  St.  &  Grand. 

A.VG 

Majestic,  Pulton  St.  and  Ash- 
land PI. 

Memorial  Hall,  Scliermerhom 
St.  and  Flatbush  Ave. 

New  Montauk, Livingston  St. 
aud  Hanover  PI. 

Novelty,  7e;2  Driggs  Ave. 

Orpheum,  Fulton  St.,  near 
Flatbush  Ave. 

Pay  ton's,  29  Lee  Ave. 

Stjvr,  ,Tay  St.,  near  Fulton. 

Youns:  Men's  Christian  Asis'n, 
502  Fultou  St. 


Information  About  the   City  of  N'eio    York. 


775 


lLii)vavitfi  in  filauljattau  autr  jScoux. 


Academy  of  Medicine,  17  W.  43d  St.— Opeu9.30 
A.  M.  to  1  p.  M. 

Americaa  Geographical  Society,  15  W.  81st  St. 

American  Institute.  19  W.  44th  St.— Open  9  a.m. 
to  5  P.M. ;  $5  per  annum. 

Americau  Law, 60  Wall  St.— Open 9  a.m.  to  10 p.m. 

American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Central 
Park  W..  cor.  W.  77th  St. 

American  Numismatic  and  Archaeological  So- 
ciety, W.  156th  St.  aud  Broadway. 

Astor.  — See  "N.\'. Public  Library" 

Benjamin  &  Townsend,  ft.  E.  26th  St. —Open 
dailv,9  A.  M.  to  5  p.  m.  ;  Saturday.  9  a.  m.  to  li2  M. 

Booklovers,  5  E.  23d  St.  —Open  8  a.  m,  to  6  p.  m. 

Bryson,  W.  r20th  St.,  ur.  Broadway.— Open,  ex- 
cent' Sunday,  8.30  a.m.  to  5.45  P.M.;  Saturday, 
8.45  AM.  to  5  P.M. 

City,  10  City  Hall,  free.— Open  10  a.m.  to  4  p..m. 

Columbia  University,  \V.  116th  St.  andAmster- 
dam  Ave. 

Cooper  Union, 7th  St.  &  4th  Ave.— 8  a.m.  to  10  p.m. 

De  Witt  Memorial,  286  Itiviiiffton  St. -Open 
daily,  except  Sunday,  from  3  to  6.30  p.  m. 

Genealogical  and  Biographical,  226  W.  58th  St. — 
Open  10  A.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  ;  IVEoudays,  8  to  10  i'.  m. 

Historical  Society,  170  2d  Ave. —Open  9  a.  m.  to 
6  p.m.,  exceptduriug  August  and  on  Holiday.s. 

Huutingtou  Free  Library,  Westchester  Ave. , 
We.stche.ster.— Open  daily,  except  Suudaj',  9  a.m. 
to  10  p.m.  ;  on  Sundays  from  2  to  9  p.m. 

Law  Library  of  Equitable  Life  AssuranceSociety, 
120  Broad  way. —Open  9  a.m.  to  7  p.m.;  Summer, 
9  A.  M.  to  5  p.  M. 

Lenox.— See  '  *  N.Y. Public  Library.' ' 


Loan  Libraries  for  Ships.  76  Wall  St. 

Masonic,    79  W.  2.3d  St.— Open  7  to  10.30  p.  M. 

Mechanical  Engineers', 29W.39thSt.— Open  daily 
except  Sunday,10  a.m.  to  10  p.m. 

Mercantile.  13  Astor  Place.  120  Broadway.— Open 
8.30  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M.  Kates  :  Clerks,  $4  per  annum; 
others,  $5. 

Mott  Memorial  Free  Medical, 64  Madison  Ave.— 
Open  10  A.M.  to  5  p.  m. 

N.  Y.  Port  Society,46Catharine  St.,  128  Charlton. 

New  York  Public  Libiary.- See  Index. 

NewY'ork  Society,  109  University  Place. —Open 
9  a.  .m.  to  6  p.  M. 

Olivet  Memorial,  59  2d  St  —Open  8  a.  m.  to 9  p.  m. 

Riverdale,  Rivenlale.— Open  Monday,  Wednes- 
day. Friday,  Saturday,  8  to  10  p.m. 

St.  Aloysius's,198  E.  4th  St.— Open  Sunday  after- 
noons. 

Seamen's,lState  St.,  free.— Open  10 a.m.  to  10p.m. 

Sociological  Befereuce,  105  E.  22d  St.— Open  9  a. 

M.  too  P.M. 

Squirrel  Inn  131  Bowery.— Open 9.30  a.  m.  to9.30 
p.  M,  ;  Sunday,  9  a.m.  to  9 p.  m. 

Tabard  Inn,  5  E.  23d  St. 

Woman' s  Library.  9  K.  8th  St.— Open  9  a.  m.  to  4 
P.M.;  $1.50  per  annum. 

Y^oung  Men's  Christian  Ass'n,  142  2d  Ave.,  129 
Lexington  Ave.,  5  W.  125th  St.,  361  .Madison  Ave., 
531  W.  1.55th  St.  near  Broadwav,317  W.  56th  St., 
1.53  E.  86th  St.,  222  Bowerv,  foot  W.72d  St.,  215 W. 
23d  St.,  109  W.54th  St.— Open  9  A.  M.  to  10 p.  m.; 
Sundays,  2 to  10  P.M. 

Y'oung  Women's  Christian  Ass'n,  7  F,.  15th 
St.— Open  9  a.m.  to  9.15  p.m.,  Sundays  exccited. 


i^ailroatr  Jpas.isnTscr  cStattons  in  iWanljattan* 


Baltimore  &  Ohio,    ft.   W.   23d  and  Liberty  Sts 

Central  of  New  Jersey,  foot  of  W.  23d  aiul  Lib- 
erty Streets;  New  Jersey  Southern  Division  (in 
Summer),  foot  of  \V.  42d  and  Cedar  Sts.  also. 

Delaware.  Lackawanna  &  Western,  foot  of  Bar- 
clay and  Christopher  Streets. 

Erie,  foot  of  Chambei-s  and  West  23d  Streets. 

Lehigh  Valley,  foot  of  Cortlaudt,  Desbros.ses, 
and  West  23d  Streets. 

Long  Island,  foot  of  Ea.st  34th  St. 
Atlantic  Avenue  Branch,  junction  of  Flatbush 

and  Atlantic  Avenues,  Brooklyn. 
Manhattan  Beach  Division,  foot  of  East  34th  St. 

New  Jersey  &  New  Y'ork,  foot  of  Chambers  and 
West  23d  Streets. 

New  York  &  Long  Branch,  foot  Liberty,  Cortlandt, 
Desbrosses,  and  West  23d  Streets,  in  Summer, 
foot  W.  42d  aud  Cedar  Sts.  also. 

New  Y'ork  Central  &  Hudson  River,  42d  St.  and 
4th Ave.;  Harlem,  125th  St;  Mott  Haven,  138th 


St;  10th  Ave.  and  30th  St.;  Manhattan,  125th 
St.,  152d  St. ;  Harlem  Division,  4th  Ave.  and42d, 
86th,  110th,  125tli,  138th,  and  183d  Streets. 

New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford,  4th  Ave- 
nue and  42d  Street. 

New  Y'ork,  Ontario  &  Western,  foot  of  Desbros- 
ses and  West  42d  Streets. 

New  York,  Susquehanna  &  Western,  foot  of 
Cortlandt.  Desbrosses,  and  West  23d  Streets. 
Alsofootof  Fulton  Street.  Brooklyn,  via  Annex, 

ISiorthern  of  New  Jersey,  foot  of  Chambers  and 
West  23d  Streets. 

Pennsylvania,  foot  of  Cortlandt,  De.sbrosses,  and 
West  23d  Streets.  Also  foot  of  Fulton  Street, 
Brooklvm,  via  Annex. 

Philadeliohia  &  Reading,  foot  of  W.  23d  and  Liberty 
tStrGGts 

Staten  Island,  foot  of  Whitehall  Street 

West  Shore,  foot  of  Desbrosses  and  West  42d 
Streets. 


.Safe  Btpouit  (Utompanitu  in  J^anfjattan* 


American,  501  Fifth  Avenue. 
Atlantic,  49  Wall  Street. 
Bankers',  4  Wall  Street 
Broadway,  565  Broadway. 
Colonial . "220  Broadway. 
Empire  City,  160>^  Fifth  Avenue. 
Federal.  253  Broadway. 
Fideltv,  1  Hudson  St. 
Fifth  Avenue,  190  Fifth  Avenue. 
Garfield,  Sixth  Avenue  and  23d  Street* 
Hanover,  7  Naasau  Street 
Knickerbocker,  :368  Fifth  Avenue. 
Lincoln,  32  East  42d  Street,  45  East  41st  Street 
Madison,  208  Fifth  Avenue.  1128  Broadway. 
Manhattan  Warehouse,  42d  Street  and  Lexington 
Avenue,  Seventh  Avenue  and  52d  Street 


Maiden  Lane,  170  Broadway. 

Mercantile,  120  B  roadway. 

Merchants',  West  Broadway  and  Beach  Street. 

Metropolitan,  3  East  14th  Street 

Mount  Morris,  Park  Avenue,  corner  125th  Street, 

National  Safe  Depo.sit,  32  Liberty  Street. 

New  Amsterdam,    1411  Broadway. 

New  Y'ork  County.    79  Eighth  Avenue. 

Night  and  Day,  527  5th  Avenue, 

North  America,  45  Exchange  PI. 

Produce  Exchange,   2  Broadway, 

Safe  Depositee.,  of  New  York,  140  Broadway. 

Standard,  25  Broad  Street 

Stock  Exchange,  10  Broad  Street 

United  States,  Broadway  aud  West  73d  Street. 

Van  Norden,  786  Fifth  Avenue. 


i^ulJlic  i3mi^inQn  in  illanfjattan. 


Army  Building,  Whitehall  and  Pearl  Streets. 

City  kail.  City  Hall  Park. 

Count.v  Court- House, Chambers  St.,  near  B' way. 

Criminal  Courts  Building,  Centre  &Franklin  Sts. 

Custom- House  Bowling  Green. 

Hall  of  Records,  Chambers  and  Centre  Sts. 


Ludlow  Street  Jail,  near  Grand  Street. 
Post-Offlce,  Broadway  and  Park  Row. 
State  Arsenal,  7th  Avenue  and  35th  Street. 
Sub-Trea.sury,  Wall  and  Nassau  Streets. 
Tombs,  Centre  and  Franklin  Streets, 


?76 


Information  About  the   City  of  Kew    YorJc. 


J^rifjljt  of  i^uomfncnt  i^uilUiufj.^  in  faauijattau- 

NamS  and  LoCATtO>(. 

16 

Height. 

Dimensions 
of  Buildings. 

Namb  and  Location. 

_•  "^ 

16 

Height. 

Dimensions 
of  Buildings. 

American  Exchange  Bank, 

say  ft. 

.•59   ft.9X  in- 

Hudson    Kc;ilty  Co.,    32-34 

206  ft.  6iu. 

53  ft.  9  in.  X 

Broadway  and  Cedar  St. 

x49  ft.5  in. 

Broadway. 

203  ft. 

X  100  ft. 

International  Bank   Build- 

14 

188  fU 

40  ft.  1  In.x 

American  Surety  Co. ,  Broad- 

23 

306  ft.  1  in. 

84  ft.  Sin.  X 

ing,  Broadway  and  Cedar 

33    ft.  2>< 

way,  cor.  Pine   St. 

85  ft.  6  in. 

St.,  N.  W.cof. 

in.xl53  ft! 

American     Tract     Society. 

23 

3J[6  ft. 

100  ft.  7  in.x 

Joliuston     Building,    30-36 

15 

205  ft. 

88  ft.  ><  in.x 

Nassau,  cor.  Spruce  St. 

94  ft.  6  in. 

Broad  St. 

123  tt.  S% 

Ansonia  Hotel,  Broadway, 

16 

180  ft. 

213ft.8>'oia. 

iu. 

73d  and  74th  Sts. 

x239  J 174. 

Maiden  Lane  (No.  1) 

13 

160  ft. 

25  ft.  9  in.  X 

Astoria  Hutel,  344-350  Fifth 

16 

213  ft. 

335  ft.  X   98 

50  ft.  2  in. 

Ave. 

ft.  9  in. 

Manh.attan    Life  Insurance 

17 

Torooftop,246  ft.; 

67x125  ft. 

A I  Ian  tic  Mutual  Insurance, 

18 

242  ft. 

5Sft.x89  ft. 

Co.,  64-68  Broadway. 

to  top  of  tower. 

Wall   and  William  Sts., 

6  In.  X  143 

348  ft. 

S.   W.  cor. 

ft.  5  in. 

Metropolit.'in    Life     Insur- 

46 

657  ft.   5  in. 

123  ft.5><;in. 

B.ink    of    Commerce,     cor. 

20 

270  ft. 

106  ft.  2  in.  X 

ance  Co. 

x275ft..,  in. 

N.-wssau  and  Cedar  Sts. 

109  ft.  6  in. 

Morton,  110-116  Nassau  St. 

12 

154  ft. 

75^^  X  142  X 

Battery    Park,    State     and 

11 

145  1-2  ft. 

108ft.2¥in. 
xl27  ft,104 

112  ft. 

Pearl  Sts, 

Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co., 

15 

To  roof  top,  210  ft., 

100x125  ft. 

ft.  9  in.   x 

Liberty  St. 

to   roof    garden , 

9:U't.93^in. 

2a0  ft. 

Bishop  Building,  William 

12 

162  ft. 

60  ft.  6  in.  X 

MutuallleseryeLife  Ins. Co., 

14 

To  roof  top,  184  ft. 

75x125  ft. 

and  Liberty  Sts.,S.E.cor. 

97ft.xl21 

cor.  B'way  and  Duane  St. 

ft  "i^in. 

N.  Y.  Life  "insurance   Co., 

12 

188    ft.   front;    to 

60x196  ft. 

Bowling     Green     Building, 

19 

272  ft.  6  in. 

162  ft.  X  201 

346-348  Broadway. 

tower,  270  ft. 

5-11  Broadway. 

ft. 

New  Yorlc  Realty  Co.,  9-13 

15 

203  ft.  6  in. 

56  ft.  6  in.  X 

Broad  Excnange  Building, 

20 

276  ft.  6}^  in. 

106  ft.  8  in. 

Maiden  Lane. 

78  ft.  5  in. 

Broad  St.  and  Exchange 

X  102  ft.  4 

Park  How,  13-21  Park  R«w. 

29 

To  roof  top,  309  ft.; 

104  ft.  2  in.x 

PI. 

in.x  2:i6ft. 

to  tower,  382  ft. 

153  ft. 11  ill 

Broadway  (No  .84) . 

12 

154  ft. 

44  ft.  6  in.  X 

Postal   Telegraph   Co.,  cor. 

13 

To  roof  top,  179  ft.; 

70x100x155 

58  ft.  9  in. 

Broadway  aud  Murr.ay  St. 

to     pent   house, 
193  ft. 

ft. 

Broadway     Chambers,    X. 

18 

225  ft. 

50  ft.  11    in. 

W.  cor.   Broadway   and 

X  95  ft. 

Pulitzer  Building,Park  Row 

22 

Extreme       height. 

115  ft.  4  in.x 

Chambers  St. 

375M  ft. 

136  ft.8in. 

142  X  96  X  46 

Queens  Insurance  Co.,  cor. 

15 

195   ft. 

41  ft.ll><;  in. 

ft. 

William  and  Cedar  Sts. 

X  68  ft. 

Commercial    Cable,     20-22 

21 

255    ft.,   exclusive 

45ft.l3^in.x 

Singer  Mfg.  Co.,  Broadway 

41 

612  ft.  1  in. 

Broad  St. 

of  dome. 

153ft.ll  iu 

near  Liberty  St. 

86  ft.  8  in.  X 

St    James,  Broadway,  cor. 

16 

204  ft. 

94  ft.  8X  in. 

110  ft.7  in. 

26th  St. 

X    149'  ft. 

Downinj  B'.iilding,  106  and 

15 

To  roof  top, 179  ft.; 

50  ft.  X  74  ft. 

St.  Paiil  Bnilding,  Ann  St. 

26 

308  ft. 

39.4x27x1(14. 

IDS  I'-iiltiin    St. 

pent  house, 190  ft 

X  103  ft. 

aud  Broadway. 

2xo4.:ixS3. 

Dun  (K.  G.   Dun),  290-294 

15 

223  ft. 

608  ft.  X   130 

Standard  Oil  Building,24-30 

15 

263  ft. 

1T4  ft.  1  in.x 

Broadway. 

ft.  1^  in. 

Broad>vay . 

207  ft.  11  in. 

Empire,      Broadway      and 

20 

293  ft. 

78  ft.x223  ft. 

Times,  Broadway   and  42d 

28 

419  ft.  9   in.  from 

Hector  St. 

10  in. 

St. 

lowest  basement 

Excliaiige     Court    (W.    W. 

12 

160  ft. 

129     ft.    9^ 

to  top  of  obser- 

Astor), Broadway  and  Ex- 

in.x 159  ft. 

vatory  rail. 

change  Place. 

4><in. 

Trinity,  111  Broadway. 

21 

280  tt.  6  in. 

Fifth  Ave.  and  45th  St 

13 

164  ft. 

75ft.xl50ft. 

Flatiron  (Fuller ),B'way  & 

20 

2S6  ft. 

23d  St. 

Vincent     Building,    Bro.id- 

14 

205  ft. 

50  ft.  11  in  X 

Gilleniier,    cor.    Wall    aud 

16 

To  roof  top,  219  ft. 

26  ft.  X  73  ft. 

way  and  Duane  St. 

1 

110  ft.  ->$ 

N.assan  Sts. 

to  tower,  273  ft. 

D^in. 

in. 

Home  Life  Insurance   Co., 

16 

To  roof  top,  219  ft.; 

55  ft!  6  in.  X 

Waldorf-Astoria   Hotel, 

16 

214  ft. 

85  ft.  X  98  ft. 

256  Bread  way. 

tospiretop, 280ft. 

109  ft. 

13-19  W.  33d  St. 

9  in. 

Hotel  Netherl.and,  cor.  59th 

17 

To  root  top,  220  ft. 

Mansard  roof 

Washington  Life  Ins.   Co., 

19 

273  ft. 

53  ft.  9  in.  X 

St.  and  Fifth  Ave. 

and  bldg., 
100x1 '-'5  tt. 

Bro.adway  aud  Liberty  St. 

159ft.3in. 

Wanam.aker's,  B'way,  8lh  and  9th  Streets,  14  stories,  217  ft.  6  in.  high;  65  Exchange  Place,  16  stories,  211  ft.  6%  in- 
high,  Trinity  Place,  cor.  liector  St.,  23  stories,  308  ft.  high;  Fifth  Ave.,  5^th,  59th  Sts.  (  Plaza  Hotel ),  18  stories,  251  ft- 
11  in.  high;  Cedar  and  West  Sts.,  28  stories,  4o4  ft,  high;  B'way  and  Cortlandt  St.,  26  stories,  360  ft.  6  in.  high;  B'way 
and  Ce.iar  .<t.,  Jl  stories,  2S2  ft.  high,  37  Wall  St.,  25  stories,  31S  ft.  high;  1  Wall  St.,  IS  stories,  217  ft.  high;  Cortlandt 
and  Church  Sts,,  22  stories,  275  ft.  9  in.  high;  Church  and  Dey  Sts.,  22  stories,  27i  ft.  9  in.  bi<,'li,  Maiden  Lane  aud  Liberty  St., 
CO  stories,  250  feet  high;   15  Maiden  Lane,  264  ft.  5  In.  highj  60  Broadway,  22  stoiies,  306  ft.  3  in.  high. 


2Srtjottlj>n  Nabw  Yattr. 

UNITED   STATES   NAVAL    STATION   ENTRAXCK,   FOOT    SAXDS    STREET,  BROOKLYN. 

Commandant— Rear-Admiral  C.  F.  Goodrich. 


Captain  of  the  Yard— Capt.  .T.  I).  Adams. 
Ordnance  Ollicer— Captain  H.  ]Morrell. 
Kqnipment  Olhcer— Lt.  Com'  d'  r  Harrv  George. 
General  Storekeeper— Pa V  Director  Heah  Frazer. 
Pay  Office— Pay  Inspector  F.  T.  Arm.s. 
ClothiMif  Factory— Pav  Inspector  T.  S.  Jewett. 
Ciiief  Engineer  of  the  Yard-Com'd'  r  R.  T.Hall. 
Civil  Engineers— L.  E.  Gregory  in  charge,  1..  F. 
Bellinger.  E.  H.  Brownell,  As.sistants. 
Naval  Constructor— W.  J.  Baxter 


Naval  Hospital  —  Medical  Director  G.  E.  H. 
Harmon.  ^     ,  „.^ 

Naval  Laboratory— Medical  Director  Paul  Fitz- 
sinions.  ' 

IMarineBar'ks— Col.  Paul  St.  C.Mnrphy. 

Inspection  Board— Cfcinmander  York  Noel. 

Purcha-sing  Paymaster  (.280  Broadway,  N.  Y.)— 
Pav  Director  L.  G.  Boggs.  ^    „ 

Labor  Board— Commander  H.  C.  Poundstone, 
retired. 


Pas«;es  to  the  Navy  Yard  will  only  be  recognized  on  the  day  stated  on  the  pa.ss. 


cured  b 
stampp 


)y  writing  to  the  Captain  of  the  Yard,  or  at  Sands  Street  gate  between  9  a.  m. 
d  and  addressed  envelope  must  be  inclosed.     Visiting  hours  are  between  10  a. 


Application  to  visit  the  ships  iu  the  yarf^  must  be  made  to  the  executive  officers  ou  board. 


Passes  can  be  se- 
and  4  p.  m.     A 
M.  and  4  p.  m. 


Information  About  the   City  of  Neio    York. 


Ill 


djools  in  iHajdjattan* 


ELEMENTARY  SCHOOLS. 

No. 

Locatiou. 

No. 

57 

Location. 

Xo. 

!l24 

Location. 

T 

Henry,  Catliarine,  and  Oliver 

176  E.  115th  St. 

29  Horatio  St. 

Sts. 

68 

317  W.  52d  St. 

il25 

180  Wooster  St. 

2 

116  Henry  St. 

59 

226  li.  57th  St. 

il26 

536  E.  12th  St. 

3 

Hudson  and  Grove  St, 

62 

Hester,  Essex  andXorfolkSts. 

127 

515  W.  37th  St. 

4 

203  Riviugton  .St. 

63 

3d  and  4th  Sts. .  e.  of  1st  Ave. 

129 

433  E.  19th  St 

5 

141st St.  and  Edgecombe  Ave. 

64 

9th  and  10th  Sts.  .e. of  Ave.  B. 

130 

143  Baxter  St. 

6 

iladison  Ave.  and  85tli  St. 

65 

Eldridge  and  Eorsyth,  near 

131 

273  E.  2d  St. 

7 

Hester  and  Clirystie  Sts. 

Hester  St. 

132 

182d  St.  &  Wadsworth  Ave. 

8 

29  King  St. 

<o6 

88th  St.,  near  1st  Ave.* 

134 

293  Pearl  St. 

9 

West  End  Ave.  and  82d  St. 

67 

114-124  W.  46th  St. 

135 

51st  St.  and  1st  Ave. 

10 

117tli  St.  and  St.Nicholas  Ave. 

68 

116  W.  128th  St. 

137 

(irandand  Essex  Sts. 

11 

314  \V.  17th  St. 

69 

125  W.  541  h  St. 

140 

113  Norfolk  St. 

12 

371  Madison  St. 

70 

207  E.  75th  St. 

1141 

468  W.  58th  St. 

13 

239  E.  Houston  St. 

71 

188-192  7th  St. 

1144 

30  Allen  St. 

14 

225  E.  27th  St. 

72 

Lexington  Ave.  and  I05th  St. 

;i47 

Henry  and  Gouverneur  Sts, 

15 

728  5tli  St. 

73 

209  E.  46th  St. 

;150 

95th  &  96th  Sts.,  e.  of  2d  Ave. 

16 

208  W.  13th  St. 

74 

220  E.  63d  St. 

il51 

91st  St.  and  1st  Ave. 

17 

335  \V.  47tli  St. 

75 

•26  Norfolk  St. 

1157 

St.  Nicholas  Ave.  &  127th  St. 

18 

121  E.  51st  St. 

76 

Lexington  Ave.  and  68th  St. 

il58 

Ave.  A,  77th  and  78th  Sts. 

19 

344  E.  14th  St. 

77 

1st  Ave.  and  86th  St. 

ll.=.9 

119th  St.,  bet.  2d  and  3d  Aves. 

20 

l{ivington  and  Forsj'th  Sts. 

78 

Pleasant  Ave.  and  119th  St. 

1160 

Hivington  and  Suffolk  Sts. 

21 

222  Mott  St. 

79 

38  1st  St. 

1 161 

105  Ludlow  St. 

22 

Stanton  and  Sheriff  Sts. 

80 

225  W.  4lRt  St. 

'l62 

36  City  Hall  Place. 

23 

Mulberry  and  KayardSts. 

81 

119th  and  120th  Sts. ,  near  7th 

,163 

509  E.  120th  St. 

24 

128th  St.,  nr.  Madison  Ave. 

.  Ave. 

1165 

108th  and  I09th  Sts.,bpt.  Am- 

25 

330  5tli  St. 

82 

1st  Ave.  and  70th  St. 

sterdam  Ave.  and  B'  way. 

26 

124  W.  30th  St. 

83 

16  E.  110th  St. 

166 

89th  St.,  bet.  Amsterdam  and 

27 

206  E.  42d  St. 

84 

430  W.  50th  St. 

Columbus  Aves. 

28 

257  W.  40th  St. 

85 

1st  Ave.  and  117th  St. 

158 

104th  and  105th  Sts.,  bet.  1st 

29 

Albany,     Washington,   and 

86 

LexiBgton  Ave.  and  96th  St. 

and  2d  Aves. 

Carlisle  Sts. 

87 

Amsterdam  Ave.&W.77thSt. 

169 

Audubon    Ave.,  168th    and 

30 

88rh  St.,  bet.  2d  and  3d  Aves. 

88 

300  Rivington  St. 

169th  Sts. 

31 

200  Monroe  St. 

89 

r>enox   Ave.    and  134th  St. 

170 

111th  St.,  bet.  5th  &  Lenox 

32 

.857  W.  35th  St. 

90 

]47ih  and  148tb  Sts. ,  w.  of  7th 

Aves. 

33 

418  W.  28th  St. 

Ave. 

171 

103d  and  104th  Sts.,  bet.  5th 

34 

108  Broome  St. 

91 

Stanton  and  Forsyth  Sts.* 

and  Madison  Aves. 

35 

IGOChrystieSt. 

92 

Broome  and  Ridge  sr.s. 

172 

108th  and  109th  Sts. ;  bet.  1st 

S6 

710  E.  9th  St. 

93 

Amsterdam  Ave.  &  93d  St. 

and  2d  Aves. 

37 

113  E.  87th  St. 

94 

68th  St.  and  Amsterdam  Ave. 

174 

Attornev,  near  Rivington  St. 

38 

Clarke,  Dominick  &  Broome 

96 

.Ave.  A  and  81st  St. 

|177 

Market  and  :Monroe  Sts. 

Sts. 

97 

Pitt  and  Delancej'  Sts. 

|179 

101st  and  102d  Sts.,  bet.  Co- 

39 

235  E.  125th  St. 

98 

38  Sheriff  St. 

1  u  mbus&  AmsterdamAves. 

40 

320  E.  20th  St. 

loo 

138th  St.w.  of  5th  Ave.* 

il80 

30  Vandewater  St. 

41 

36  Greenwich  Ave.                  ' 

103 

119th  St.  and  Madison  Ave. 

183 

66th  and  67th  Sts. ,  east  of  1st 

42 

Hester,  Orchard  and    Lud- 

104 

413  E,  16th  St. 

Ave. 

low  Sts. 

105 

269  E.  4th  St. 

184 

116th  and  117th  Sts.,  east  of 

43 

Am.sterdam  Ave.  &  129th  St. 

106 

Lafayette  St.,  n'r  Spring  St. 

Lenox  Ave. 

44 

Hubert  and  CoUister  Sts. 

107 

274  W.  10th  St. 

jl86 

145th  and  146th  Sts.  ,near  Am- 

45 

225  \V.  24th  St. 

108 

60  Mott  St. 

1 

sterdam  Ave. 

46 

St.  Nicholas  Ave.  &  W.  15oth 

109 

99th  &  100th  Sts. ,  e.  of  3d  Ave. 

188 

Manhattan,    East  Houston, 

St. 

110 

28  Cannon  St.                         % 

! 

Lewis,  and  E.  3d  Sts. 

48 

124  W.  28th  St. 

112 

83  Roosevelt  SL 

190 

82d  St.. bet.  1st  and  2d  Aves. 

49 

237  E.  37th  St. 

113 

7  Downing  St. 

192 

136th  St.  and  A'  sterd'  m  Ave. 

50 

211  E.  20th  St. 

114 

73  Oliver  St. 

bl 

523  W.  44th  St. 

116 

215  E.  32d  St. 

Training,  119th  St.,  near  7th 

52 

liroadway  and  Academy  St. 

117 

170  E.  77th  St. 

Ave. 

53 

207  E.  79th  St. 

119 

133d  &  134th  Sts.,near  SthAve. 

Truant.  215  E.  21st  St. 

54 

Amsterdam  Ave.  &  104th  St. 

120 

187  Broome  St. 

Nautical  SchooLshii),  foot  of 

55 

140  W.  20th  St. 

121 

102d  St.,  bet.  2d  and  3d  Aves. 

E.  24th  St. 

56 

.^l  W.  18th  St. 

122    9th  St.  and  1st  Avp.                    I 

*  New  buildings  in  proce.ss  of  construction. 

HiGHScHOOLs.  —  Ue  Witt  Clinton,  loth  Ave.  ,58th  and  59th  Sts. ;  Wadleigb,  114th  and  lloth  Sts., 
w.  of  7th  Ave.  ;  Washington  Irving, 34>^  E.  12th  St. ;  Commerce,  65th  &  66th  Sts.,  w.  of  B'way ;  Sluy- 
vesant,  225  E.  23d  St. 

THE     BRONX. 


T 

2 
3 
4 

5 
6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 


College  Ave.  and  145Ui  St. 
3d  Ave.,  near  170th  St. 
157th  St.  and  Courtlandt  Ave. 
Fulton  Av.  and  173d  St. 
2436  Wehsuer  Ave. 
Tremont,  Bryant,  and  Vyse 

Aves. ,  V/est  Farms. 
Kingsbridge  Ave.  and232dSt. 
Mosholu  P'kwy, Bedford  Pk. 
735  v..  138th  St. 
Eagle  Ave.  and  163d  St. 
Ogden  Ave.,  Highbridge. 


12 

13 
14 
15 
16 
17 


Overing  St.,  Densen  &  Frisby 
Aves.,  Westchester..  An- 
nex,5th  Ave.,Eastchester. 

216th  St.  and  Willett  Ave., 
W  illiamsb  ridge. 

Eastern  Boulevard,  Throg's 
Neck. 

Westchester  and  St.  Law- 
rence Aves. 

Matilda  St., Wakefield;  An- 
nex, 5th  Av.,  Eastchester. 

Fordham  Ave,,  City  Island. 


18 
19 
20 
21 

22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 


Courtlandt  Ave. ,  n.  148th  St. 
234th  it  235th  Sts. ,  n .  Woodl" n 
Ko.v,  Simpson,  and  167tli  Sts. 
2251  li  &  226th  Sts..  n.  White 

Plains  Ave., Williamsb'ge. 
599  K.  140th  St. 
165th  St.  and  Union  Ave. 
KappockRd.,SiinvtenDuyvil. 
TTnion  Ave.  &  149th  St. 
Andrews  and  Buruside  Aves. 
St.    .Ann's    Ave.,  147th   amJ 

I48th  Sts. 


778 


InfoTDiaiion  About  the   City  of  Neio   Itorh. 


SCHOOLS  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX- 

-Coi 

itlnued. 

No.                    Location.                   | 

No 
33 

Location. 

No. 
39 

Location. 

28 

Tremont  &  AnthonvAves  ;! 

Jerome  and  Walton  Aves., 

Longwood  Ave. .  Kelly  and 

Annex,   1787  Weeks   Ave., 

north  of  184th  St. 

Beck  Sts. 

Wt.  Hope. 

34 

Amethyst  Ave.  and  Victor 

40 

Prospect  Ave,,  Jennings  St. 

29 

Cypress  Ave.  and  136th  St. 

St., Van  Nest. 

&  Bitter  PI. 

ao 

41.st  St.,  near  Brook  Ave. 

35 

163d  St.,  Grant  and  Morris 

41 

Olinville  Ave.  and  Magenta 

31 

Mottand  Walton  Aves.,  144th 

Aves. 

St..  Olinville. 

and  146th  iSt.s. 

36 

Blackrock  Ave.,  Unionport. 

*42 

Washington  and  Wendover 

32 

183d  St.  and  Beaumont  Ave. 

1  ^"^ 

14»th  and  146th  Sts.,  east  ol 

Aves. 

Annex, Boston K'd,  Bronx- 

Willis  Ave. 

*43 

Brown  PI. ,  135th  &  136lh  Sts. 

dale. 

\  38 

157th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 

High  School.— Morris,  166th  St. 


*  Under  construction. 


EVENING    HIGH    SCHOOLS. 


20 


Riviugtou  and  Forsyth  Sts. 

(men). 
DeWitt  Clinton  H.  S.,59th  St. 

&10th  Ave.  (men). 


73 
147 

184 


209  K.  46th  St.  (women).  I 

Henry  and  Gouverneur  Sts.  I 

(women).  I 

1161  n  st.n'  r  Lenox  Av.(men). ! 


Wadleigh,  114th  St. ,  near  7th 

Ave.  (women). 
Morris,  Jackson  Ave.,  Bos- 
ton Rd.  <fe  166th  St. 


EVENItSIG    SCHOOLS     FOR 

MALES. 

1 

8  Henry  St. 

22 

Stanton  and  Sheriff  Sts. 

43 

129th  St.  &  Amsterdam  Ave. 

2 

116  Henry  St. 

83 

216  E.  110th  St. 

160 

Rivington  and  Suffolk  Sts. 

7 

Hester  and  Chrystie  Sts. 

79 

42  1st  St. 

'?\ 

Elizabeth  St..  near  Sprihg. 

8 

King   St.,  near    Macdougal 

25 

330  5th  St. 

^ 

Bronx, 157th  St.  &Court'tAv. 

St. 

40 

320  E.  20th  St. 

9 

Bronx,  735  E.  138th  St. 

a9 

224  E.  126th  St. 

58 

52d  St.,  near  8th  Ave. 

4?, 

Bronx,  Washington  &  Wend- 

16 

208  W.  13th  St. 

70 

207  E.  75th  St. 

over  Aves. 

32 

357  \V.  35th  St. 

62 

Hester  &  Norfolk  Sts. 

109 

99th  St.,  near  3d  Ave. 

liV 

206  E.  42d  St. 

77 

85th  St.  and  1st  Ave. 

FOR    MEN 

AND    BOYS,    WOMEN 

AND    GIRLS. 

29  lAlbany.Wash'n&CarlisleStsM  67  |120  W.  46th  St. 


EVENING    SCHOOLS    FOR    FEMALES. 


71 
4 
23 
45 
19 
13 
59 


190  7th  St. 

203  Rivington  St. 

Mulberry  and  Bayard  Sts. 
|24t>i  St.,  near  8th  Ave 
ll4thSt..  near  1st  Ave 
1239  E.  Houston  St 
Je.  57th  St.,  near  3d  Ave 


49    37th  St.,  near  2d  Ave. 

17    335  \\\  47th  St. 

96    Ave.  A  and  81st  St. 

42    Hester,  Orchard  and  Ludlow 

I      Sts. 
92    154  Broome  St. 
38  iClarke,Domin'k&Br'meSts. 


93 
72 

157 

177 

10 


Amsterdam  Ave. and  93d  St. 
Lexington  Ave. ,  lOoth  &  106t h 

Sts. 
St,  Nicholas  Ave.  &  127th  St, 
^[arket  and  Monroe  Sts. 
Eagle  Ave.  &  163dSt.,Broux. 


NORMAL    COLLEGE, 

PARK  AVE.,  CORXKU  EAST  SIXTV-KJGHTH  ST. 

NEW    YORK    UNIVERSITY, 

UXIVERSITi'  HEIGHTS  AND  3i  WaVEKLEV  I'LACE, 


COLLEGE    CITY    OF   NEW    YORK, 

AMSTERDAM  AVE.   AND   138TH  STREET. 
COLUMBIA    UNIVERSITY, 

WEST  IIBTH  SI'.,  KEAU  AMSTERDA3I  AVE. 


Society  for  the  Relief  of  Half  Orphan  and  Desti- 
tute Children,  Manhattan  Ave.  and  104th  St.; 
New  York  House  of  Refusre,  Randall's  Island; 
Leake  and  Watts  Orphan  House.New  York  Citv, 
nearMt.  St.  Vincent;  Colored  Orphan  Asvluhi 
and  Association  for  the  Benefit  of  Colored 
Children,  W,  143d  St.  and  Amsterdam  Ave. 
American  Female  Guardian  Society— Home 
School,  936  Woodycrest  Ave.,  Bron.x.  No.  1— 
303E.  109tli  St.  No.  2—418  W.  41st  St.  No.  3-39 
Rutgers  St.  No  4— 4  Willett  St.  Hb.  5—368  E. 
6-259  E.  4th  St.  No.  7—225  and  227 
No.  8-523  Morris  Ave.  No.  9—421 
No.  10-12  Columbia  St,  No.  11—243 
No.  12-2247  2d  Ave. 
Mi:,sion,   63   Park  St.;  Five   Points 


8th  .St.    No. 
E.  80th  St. 
E.  60th  St. 
E.  103d  St. 
ive   Points 


House  of  Industry,  155  Worth  St.;  New  York 
Juvenile  Asylum,  176th  St.  and  Amsterdam 
Ave.;  R.COrphan  Asylum,Female Department, 
Sedgwick  Ave.,  Bronx;  R.  C.  Orphan  Asylum. 
Male  Departmeut,  Sedgwick  Ave.,  Bronx. 

Children's  Aid  Society— 535  E.  16th  St.:  14  New 
Chambers  St. ;  287  E.  B'  way ;  247  E,  44th  S* . ;  552 
W  53d  St.;  272  2d  St. ;  224  W.  63d  St. ;  156  Leonard 
St. :  407  E.  93d  St. ;  173  Rivington  St.;  256Mottst.; 
314  E.  35th  St.;  28  Pike  St. ;  350  E.  88th  St. :  632  6th 
St. :  219  Sullivan  St. ;  L95  8th  St,,  417  W.  38th  St,; 
24  Sullivan  St. 

Hospital  for  Ruptured  and  Crippled,  42d  St,  and 
Lexington  Ave.;  House  of  the  Holy  Family, 
134-136  2d  Ave.;  New-  York  Institute  for  the 
Blind,  34th  St.  and  9th  Ave. 


iJoarTr  of  lEtJucation  in  (tiX^  of  Ncto  ¥orfe. 


Maxhattan  MEMBER-S, 

Until  Jan.  1.  1909-HugoKanz. 
ler,  L.  Haupt.  A.  Stern,  F.  H, 
Partridge,  R.  B.  Aldcroftt,  Jr. 

Until  Jan.  1,  1910— Richard  H. 

Adams,  J.  N.  Francolini,N.  J. 

Barrett,  E.  L,  Winthrop,  Jr. 
Until  Jan.  1. 1911— T.  J.  O'  Dono- 

hue.  Clement  March,  Robert  L. 

Harrison,  Frederic  R,  Coudert, 
Until  Jan.    1,    1. )r2— Dennis   J 

McDonald,  Coruelius  J.  Sulli 

van,  Max  Katzeuberg,   Chas, 

E.   Bruce. 
Until   Jan.  1.   1913-George  J 

Gillespie,  F.   P.    Cunnion,    A, 

Leo   Everett,  M.  8.  Stern,    F 

W.  Crowuinshield. 


President^  Egertou  H.  Winthrop,  Jr 
Brookly>;   Members. 

Until  Jan.  1,  1909— George  W. 
Schaedle,  George  W.  Win- 
gate,  John  C,  Kelley. 

Until  Jan.  1.  1910— Samuel  B. 
Donnelly,  Nathan  S.  Jonas, 
John  R.  "Thompson. 

Until  Jan.  1,  1911  —  Mitchell 
May,  George  Freifield,  Joseph 
E.  Cosgrove. 


Until  .Tan.  1,  1912-Thomas  M. 
De  Laaey,  Horace  E,  Dresser. 

Until  .Tan.  1,1913— John  Greene. 
George  D.  Hamlin,  Alexander 
Ferris.  Arthur  S.  Somers. 


1 


Bronx  INIembers. 
Until  Jan.  1,   1910-Michael  J, 

Sullivan, 
Until  Jan.  1,  1911— Thomas  J. 

Higgins. 
Until   Jan.  1,  1912— Frank    D. 

Wilsev. 
Until  Jan.   1,  1913— Henry   H, 

Sherman. 

QlJEKVS. 

Until   Jan.  1,  1910-George   A. 

Vandeuboff. 
Until  Jan.  1.1911— A.   H.  Man. 
Until   Jan.  1,  1912~Rupert   B. 

Thomas, 
Until  Jan.  1,  1913— B,  Suydara. 

JCICHMON'D, 

Until  .Tan.l,1909-r-,  H.  Tngalls. 
Until  Jan.  1. 1U12-C.A.  HoUick, 


Infofmaiion  Ahoui  the  City  of  Kew   York. 


779 


.Schools  in  iSrootUsn. 


No. 

~r 

2 
8 
4 
6 
6 
7 
8 
9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
61 
52 
53 
54 
65 
66 
67 
68 
59 
60 


Location. 


Adams  and  Concord  st. 
47th  St.,  near  3d  uve. 
llaucock,  near  Bedford  ave. 
Berkeley  pi.,  near  5t]i  ave. 
JJiurield  and  Jolinson  sts. 
Warren,  near  Smith  st. 
York,  near  Bridge  st. 
Hick.s,:iIiddagh&PoplarSts 
Sterliiig  pi.  &  Vanderbilt  av. 
7th  ave.  aud  17th  si. 
Washington,  nearGreeneav. 
Adelphi,  near  Myrtle  ave. 
Degraw,  near  Jlicks  st. 
Navy  iiiid  Concord  st. 
od  ave.  and  State  st. 
Wilson,  near  Bedford  ave. 
Driggs  ave.,  cor.  N.  5lh  st. 
Maiijer,  near  Leonard  st. 
S.  2d,  cor.  Keap  st. 
Union  ave.  and  Keap  st. 
McKibbin,  near  JNlanhat.  av. 
Java,  near  Manhattan  ave. 
Conselyea,  n'r  Humboldt  st. 
Arion  pi.,  cor.  Beaver  st. 
Lafayette,  near  Snmnerave. 
Quincy,  near  Ralph  ave. 
Nelson,  cor.  Hicks  si. 
Herkimer,  near  Itelph  ave. 
Columbia,  cor.  Amity  st. 
Conover, Sullivan  &  VVolcott 

sts. 
Dupont,  n'r  Manhattan  ave. 
Hoyt,  cor.  President  st. 
Heyward,  near  Broadway, 
Normanave.and  Ecktordsl 
Decatur,  cor.  Lewis  ave. 
Stagg,  near  Bushwick  ave. 
8.  4tli,  near  Berry  st. 
N.  7lh,  near  Berry  st. 
6th  ave.,  cor.  8th  St. 
15th  St.,  near  4th  ave. 
Dean,  cor.  New  York  ave. 
St.  Mark's  and  Classon  ave. 
Boerum,  nearManhat.  ave. 
Throop,  cor.  Putnam  ave. 
Lafayette,  nearCIa.ssou  ave. 
Union,  near  Henry  st. 
Pacific  &  Dean  sts.,  n'r  3d  av. 
18th  ave.  and  67lh  street. 
Maujer,  near  Graham  ave. 
S.  4th,  near  Havemeyer  st. 
Meeker  av., cor  Humboldt  st. 
Ellery,  near  Broadway. 
Starr",  near  Central  ave. 
Walworth,  near  Myrtle  ave. 
Floyd,  near  Tompkins  ave. 
Bushwick  ave., cor.  Mad'  n  st 
Reid  ave.,  cor.  Van  Buren  st. 
Degraw,  near  Smith  st. 
Leonard,  near  Nassau  ave. 
4lh  ave.,  cor.  20th  st. 


No. 


61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 

69 
70 
71 

72 

73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 

81 
82 
83 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 

94 
95 
^ 
97 
98 
i  99 
,100 

1 101 
!l02 
il03 

;104 

105 

106 

!l07 
108 
jl09 

illO 
111 

112 
113 
114 


Xocalion. 


Fulton  sl.aiid  N.  .Jersey  ave. 
Bradford,  near  Libeny  ave. 
Hinsdale, n'r Glenmore  ave, 
Berriman  and  Belmont  ave. 
Richmond, n'r  Ridge  wood  av. 
Osborn,  near  Suiter  ave. 
N.  Klliott  pi.,  near  Park  ave. 
Bushwick  ave.,  corner  Kos- 
ciusko St. 
Ryerson  St.,  near  ZNFyrtle  av. 
Patchen  ave.,  cor.  Mucou  st, 
Heyward,  near  Lee  ave. 
New  Lots  rd.,cor.Schenck  st. 
McDougall,  c.Rockaway  ave. 
Ko.sciusko  st.,n' r  Broadway 
Kvergreen  av.  ,cor.  Ralph  st. 
Wyona,  near  Fulton  st. 
2d  si.j  near  6th  ave. 
Pacific  St.,  near  Court  st. 
Ko.sciusko,  n'r  Sumner  ave. 
W.   17th   and  W.    19th   sts., 

near  Neptune  a%'e. 
Harway,  near  25th  ave. 
4;h  ave.,  cor.  36th  st. 
Bergen,  cor.  Scuenectady  av. 
Glenmore.  cor.  Stone  ave. 
P^vergreeri  ave.,cor.Cov'  t  st. 
Irving  ave.,  cor.  Harnian  st. 
Herkimer,  cor.  Radde  pi. 
Thames  .st.,c.  Vanderv'  rt  pi. 
Newkirk  ave.,  cor.  E.  31st  st. 
Bedford  and  Church  Aves, 
E.  New  York  ave.  &  Albany. 
Rogers  ave.  &  Robinson  st. 
New  York  av.&  Herkimerst , 
Prospect  ave.  ,opp.  Reeve  pi. 
VanSicklen.  near  Neck  rd. 
Ocean  ave.,  near  Neck  rd. 
Benson,  cor.  25lh  ave. 
Ave.  Z.,  cor.  E.  26th  st. 
C4)ney  Island  rd.  &  Elm  ave. 
W.  3d,  between  Park  pi.  and 

Sheepshead  ave. 
86th  St.,  near  18th  ave. 
71st  St.  and  2d  ave. 
14th  ave.,  53d  &  54th  sis.    • 
92d  St.,  cor.  5th  ave. 
Ft.  Hamilton  ave.,  bet.  58th 

and  59th  sts. 
Hamburg  and  Putnam  aves. 

and  Cornelia  st. 
8th  ave.  and  18th  st. 
Linwood, cor. Arlington  ave. 
Dumont    ave.,   Powell    aud 

Sackman  sts. 
JNIonitor  st.  and  Driggs  ave. 
Sterling  pi.,  cor.  Vanderbilt 

ave. 
loth  ave.,  71st  and  72d  sts. 
Evergreen  ave.  &  Motiat  st. 
liemsen,  cor.  Ave.  F. 


No, 

Tir 

116 

117 
'  118 
j  119 
120 
121 
,122 
123 
124 
125 
126 
127 
128 
129 
130 
131 


Location. 


C  anarsie  ave., near  Ave.  M. 
Knickerbocker  ave.,  corner 

Grove  st. 
Stagg  St.  and  Bushwick  ave. 
59th  St.  aud  4tli  ave. 
Ave.  Kand  E.38th  st. 
Barren  Island. 
v..  55th  St.  and  Ave.  C. 
Harrison  av.  &  Heyward  St. 
Irving  ave.  and  Suydam  .st. 
4th  ave.  and  13th  st. 
Blake  and  Thalford  ave.s. 
ileseroleave.  &  G'uernsey  st. 
7th  ave.,  78th  and  79th  sis. 
21st  ave..  83d  &  84th  sts. 
Quinc}^  St.,  near  Stuy  vesant. 
Fort  Hamilton  av.&E.  51  h  St. 
Fort  Hamilton  ave.,  43d  and 

44th  sts. 

132  ^Manhattan   and   Met.   aves. 

133  Butlerst.,  bet.  4th  &  5th  aves. 

134  IStli  ave.  &  Ocean  Parkway. 

136  4th  ave.,  40th  &  41st  sts. 

137  Saratogaav.  &  Bainbridge  st. 

138  Prospect  pi, ,  west  of  Nos- 
trand  ave. 

139  Ave.  C,  E,  13th  and  14th  sts. 

140  60th  St.,  west  of  4th  ave. 

141  Leonard,     McKibbin,     and 

Boerum  sts. 

142  Henrv  and  Rapelye  sts. 

143  Havemeyer.N.  6th&7thsts. 

144  Howard   ave..   Prospect  pi., 

and  St.  Mark' save. 

145  Central  ave.  and  Noll  St. 

146  18lh  and  19th  st.s. ,   bet,  6tli 

and  7th  aves. 

147  Bnsh  wiek  ave. ,  Seigel  &  Mc- 

Kibbin sts. 

148  Ellery  and  Hopkinssts.,  near 

Delmonico  jjl. 

149  Sutter  ave.,    Vermont  and 

Wyona  sts. 

150  Christophei  ave.  &  Sackman 

St. ,  near  Belmon  i  ave. 

151  Knickerbocker  ave.   Halsey 

and  Weirfield  sts. 
'     .Tamaica  ave. ,opp. Enfield  st. 

152t  Ave.  G,  E.  23d  and  24th  sts. 

15;nL\ve.T.  &E. 12th  St..  Home' st 

154t  11th  ave., Windsor  pi.  &sher- 
I    man  st. 

155t  Eastern  Parkway  and  Her- 
I    kimerst. 

156t  Sutler  Ave., Barrett  &  Graf- 
ton sts. 

l.o7t  Kent  ave.,  near  Myrtle  avo. 

158tl Belmont  uve.,  Ashiord  and 
\\\arwick  sts. 

159t  Pitkin  ave„Hemlock& Cres- 
cent sts. 


*Tru.^nt  School. 


t  Under  Ccnstruction. 


HIGH    SCHOOLS. 


Girls' 

Boys' 

.Annex 

Manual  Tr.iiningr.. 


XoslMnfl  ave.,  cor   H.ilsey  st. 
Putnam,  cor.  Maroy  ave. 
Hedford  and  Jeffe'son  aves. 
7th  avc,  4tli  and  5lh  sts. 


Erasmus  Hall.... 
[Eastern  District. 
Commercial 


Flatbush  ave.,  near  Church  ave. 
Jl.ircy  av.,  Koilney  and  Keap  st-^. 
Albany  ave.,  Bei^en  and  Dean  sta. 


Training  School  tor  Teachers,  I'ark  pi.,  west  of  Nostraud  ave. 
Evening  Schools. — Xisht  sessions  are  held  for  men  and  boys  at  Schools  Nos.  1,  5,  13,17,  40,43,  4'i,  106,109,126, 
129,136.  For  wo;nen  and  girls:  Nos.  2,15,  18,  22,  2fi,  64.  84,  120,142.  For  men  ajid  bovs,  women  an.i  virls,  NoS.  93,  100, 
101,  108,  12?.  ;  Eastern  Evening  High  Scliool  for  inen  held  In  P.  S.  Xo.  122;  Brooklyn  Evening  High  School  for  men,  held 
In  Boys'  High  School  Building;  Central  Evening  High  School  for  w^oinen,  held  in  Girls' High  ScnoolBuildin',';  \V  illlamsSurg 
Evenin?  Hich  S-liool  for  women,  held  in  Eastern  District  High  School ;  Evening  Technical  and  Trade  School,  held  in  Manual 
Training  High  School. 

INDUSTRIAL    AND    ASYLUM    SCHOOLS. 

Orphan  Asylum.  14i'3-1425  Atlaniic  ave 


R.  C  Orphan  Asylum,  (Boys).  Albany  and  St.  Mark's  aves. 
R.  C.  Orphan  Asylum  (Girl'si,  Willonghbv   ,<»nd  Sumner  aves. 
Church  Charity  Foundation,  Albany  ave.  and  Herkimer  st. 
Howard  Colored  ChT)han  Asvlum,  Dean  gt.  and  Troy  »Te, 
Sadiutri»I  School  AMOcUtion.  141-153  S.  3d  it. 


Industrial   School   Ass'n  and    Home  for  Destitute    Children, 

.Sterling  pi.,  near  Flatbush  ave. 
German  Orphan  H'lme,  Graham  and  Montrose  aves. 
Convent  of  the  Sisters  of  M.  rcy,  273  Willoughby  ave. 
Sheltering  Arms  Nursery,  l.=i7  Dean  st. 
Htbrew  Orphan  Asylum,  Balph  avti.,  near  Pacific  ■(. 


V90 


Tnforinatlon  About  the   City  of  Keio    Torh. 


■"ttet^. 


J3rominriit  <.^ocicttr.Q  antr  Associations 

(IN  MANHATTAhS  AND  BRONX  BOROUGHS). 


Actors'  Society,  114  W.  4Cth  St.    Mark  Ellsworth , 
Kec. 

Actuarial    Society,   Arthur  Hunter,    Sec,  S46 
Broadway. 

Ameu  Corner,  5th  Ave.  Hotel.  J. W.  McDonald, 
Sec. 

Am.  Autnmobile  Association,  1  Madison  Ave. 
F.  H.  Elliott,  Sec. 

Am.  JJaukers'  Association,  7  Xassau  St.     J.  R, 
Branch.  Sec, 

Am.  Bible  Society.  6  Bible  House.    William  I. 
Huven,  John  l"ox,aiid  If.  O.  Dwif^ht,  Sees. 

Am.  Church  :iMissiouary  Society,  281  4th  Ave. 
Arthurs.  Lloyd,  Sec. 

Am.  Fine  Arts  Society,  215  W.  57th  St.      C.  J. 
Miller,  Sec. 

Arru  Geographical  Society,  15  W.  81st  St.  A.  A. 
Raven,  Sec. 

Am.  Institute, 19  W,  44th  St.  R.  A.  B.  Dayton,Sec. 

Am.  Institute  of  Bank  Clerks,  35  Nassau  St. 
George  E.  Allen,  .sec. 

Am.   Missionar.v  Association,  287  4th  Ave.    J. 
W.  Cooper  and  Chas.  J.  Ryder,  Sees. 

American  JMotor  League,    132  Nassau  St.      F. 
A.  JOgan,  Sec. 

Am.  Newspaper  Pub.  Association,  61  Park  Row. 
Herman  Ridder,  Pres. 

Am.  Protective  Tariff  League,  339   Broadway. 
Charles  A.  Moore,  Pres. 

Am.  Railway  Association,  24  Park  Place.  W. 
F,  Allen,  Sec. 

Am.  Scenic  and  Historic  Society.  154  Nassau 
St.    E.  H.  Hall.  See. 

Am.  Seamen' s  Friend  Society,  76  Wall  St.  Geo. 
McP.  Hunter,  Sec. 

Am.  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Animals,26thSt.&  Madison  Ave.    R.Welling.Sec 

Am.  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  220  W.  37th  ttt. 
C.  W.  Hunt,  Sec. 

Am.  Snnduy-Schooi  Union,  156  5th  Ave.  E.  P. 
Bancroft,  sec. 

Am.Tract  Society,  150  Nassau  St.  G.  L.  Shearer, 
Sec. 

Am.  Water-Color  Society,  215  W.  57th  St.  C. 
T.  Chapman,  Sec. 

Art  Students'  League,  215  W.  57th  St.  Amelia 
Merritt  Ives,  Sea 

Association  for  Befriending  Children  and  Young 
Girls,  136  2d  Ave.     Mrs.  Wm.  E.  Fay,  Sec. 

Association  for  Improved  Instruction  of  Deaf 
Mutes,  904  Lexington  Ave.    Paul  :M.  Her7,og,Sec. 

Beethoven  Maennerchor,  7th  Ave. ,  cor.  124ih 
St.     Karl  Oberbach,  Sec. 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  150  5th  Ave.  Adna 
E.  Leonard  and  S.  O.  Benton,  Sees. 

Charit,y  Organization  Society,  105  E.  22d  St.  E. 
T.  Devine.  Gen.  Sec. 

Children's  Aid  Society,  105  K22d  St  C.L.  Brace, 
Sec. 

Christian  and  Missionary  Alliance,  692  8th  Ave. 
A.  E.  Ftmk,  Sec. 

Cit.y  Improvement  Society.    571  5th  Ave. 

City  Vigilance  League,  105  E.  22d  SU  T.  L.  Mc- 
Clintock,  Sec. 

Cooper  Fuion,  for  Advancement  of  Science  and 
Art,  8lh  St.  and  4th  Ave.    R.  Fulton  Cutting,  Sec. 

Domestic  and  Foreign  Missionarv  Societv  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  281  4th  Ave."  A.  S. 
Llovd  and  Joshua  Kimber.  Sees. 

Evangelical  Alliance,  222  W.  23d  St.  Leander 
Chamberlain,  Pres. 

Friendly  Sons  of  Saint  Patrick.  Thos.  F,Con« 
way,  Pres. ,  32  fjiberty  St. 

Gaelic  Society,  621  Madison  Ave.,  Jeremiah 
Lawlor,  Sec. 

George  Junior  Republic  Assoc.   V.  E.  Macy.Sec. 

German  Society,  13  Broadway.  A.  liehrens,  Sec. 

Hebrew  Beuevolentand  OrphanAsvlum  Society, 
Amsterdam  Ave.,cor.W.  137th  St.    A.  Schiff,Sec. 

Hebrew  Sheltering  Guardian  Society,  Broad- 
way, cor.  W,  150th  St.    Gnstav  Eckstein,  Sec. 

Helping  Hand  Association,  229  E.  59th  St.  Mrs. 
Q.  Morgan  Browne,  Sec. 


Holland  Society,  99  Nassau  St.   H.  L.  Bogert,Sea 

Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society  ot  A.  M. 
E.  Church,  61  Bible  House.  H.  B.  Parks,  Sec. 

Hospital  Saturda.vand  Sundav  Association,  105 
E.22d  St.    Geo.  V.  Caramann,  Sec. 

Huguenot  Society,  105  E.  22d  St.  Mrs.  J.  IvL 
Lawton,  Sec. 

Industrial  Christian  Alliance,  170  BleeckerSt. 
Harve.y  G.  Furba5%  Sec. 

International  Order  of  the  King's  Daughters 
and  Sous,  156  5th  Avenue.  Mi"S  M.  L.  Dickinson, 
Sec. 

Irish  Emigrant  Society,  51  Chambers  St  Thos. 
V.  Bradj-,  Sec, 

Irish  lud.  Societj',  56  Pine  St.    John  Quinn,  Sec. 

Ladies'  Christian  Union,  49  W.  9th  St.  Mrs. 
Heur.v  Bovvers.  Sec. 

Legal  Aid  Society,  239  Broadway.  A.  Leo. 
Everitt,  Sec. 

Linnaean  Society,  Central  Park  West,  cor.  W.  /  /  th 
St.    C.  G.  Abbott,  Sec. 

iSIanufacturers'  Association,  299  Broadway.  P- 
T.  'i'liuison.  Sec, 

Mechanical  Engineers'  Library  Association,  29 
W.  39th  St.    H.  H.  Snplee.  See, 

Merchants'  Association,  66  Lafayette  St.  S.  C. 
M^ead,  Sec. 

Methodist  Historical  Society,  150  5th  Ave.  Jas. 
R.  Joy,  Sec. 

Municipal  Art  Society,  119  E.  19th  St.  Wm, 
Walton,  Sec. 

Nat'l  Association  of  Credit  Men,  41  Park  Row. 
Chas.  E.  Meek,  Sec. 

Nat'l  Christian  League  for  Promotion  of  Purity. 
5  K.  12th  St,     Mrs.  E,  B.  Grauuis.  Pres. 

Nat'l  Citizens'  Alliance,  41  Park  Row.  H. 
Nichols,  Sec. 

Nat'l  Humane  Alliance,  105  E.  22d  St.    H.  G. 

Nat'  1  Sculpture  Society,  215  W.  57th  St.  J.  8. 
Hartley,   Sec. 

Natl  Society  of  New  England  Women,  531 
5th  Ave.    Mrs.  E,  Thorndike,  Sec. 

New  England  Soc  G.  Wilson,  Sec,  65  Liberty 
fet.  

N.  Y.  Academy  of  Sciences,  Central  Park  West, 
cor,  W.  77th  St,     E.  O,  Hovey,  Rec,  Sec. 

N.  Y.  Association  of  Working  Girls'  Societies, 
209  E.  23d  St  Mrs.  Vernon  C.  Brown,  Sec, New 
Rochelle. 

N.  Y.  Association  for  Improving  the  Condition 
of  the  Poor,  105  E.  22d  St    L.  E.  Opdycke,  Sec. 

N.  Y.  Bible  Society,  66  Bible  House.  Chas.  W. 
Parsons,  Sec, 

N.  Y.City  Church  Extension  and  Missionary  Soc. 
of  M.  E.  Church,  150  5th  Ave.     F.  M.  North,  Sec. 

N.  Y.  City  Mission  and  Tract  Society,  105  E.  22d 
St.    W.  S,  Coffin,  Sec. 

N.  Y.  Flower  and  Fruit  Mission,  104  E.  20th  St 
MissF.  L.  Russell,  Sec. 

N.  Y.  Genealogical  and  Biographical  Society, 
226  W.  58th  St     H.  R  Drowue,  Sec. 

N.  A'.  Historical  Society,  170  2d  Ave.  G.  R, 
Schieflelin,  Cor.  Sec. 

N.  Y.  Kindergarten  Association,  522  W.  42d  St. 
James  M.  Bruce,  Sec. 

N.  Y.  Law  Institute,  118  P.-O.  Building.  J.  J. 
Rollins,  Sec. 

N.  Y.  Maennerchor  Society,  203  E.  56th  St 
R.  Swhuler,  Sec. 

N.Y.  Practical  Aid  Society, 311 W.  45th  St  Adam 
Dingwall,  Sec, 

N.  Y.  Societv  for  the  Enforcement  of  the  Crimi- 
nal Law.  106  Fulton  St.     Edward  Insley,  Sec. 

N.  Y.  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Cliildren,  297  4th  Ave.  E  F.  Jenkins,  Sec. 

N.  Y.  Society  for  the  .Suppression  of  Vice,  140 
Nassau  St     A.  Comsiock,  Sec, 

N.  Y.  Society  of  Pedagogy,  400  E  86th  St  Ed- 
ward A.  Page,  Pres. 

N.  Y.  Sunday-School  Association,  105  E.  22d  St 
J.  T.  Goodman,  Sec 

N.  Y.  Typographical  Society,  32  Union  Sq.,  Bl. 


Infovmation   About   the    City  of  IsTeio  Itorh^ 

PROMINENT  SOCIETIES  AND  ASSOCIATIONS— Co7^^mwe(i. 


781 


N".  Y.  Zoological  Soc.,11  Wall  St.  and  K183d  St., 
cor.  Soutlieni  Boulevard,     M.  Grant,  Sec. 

Ohio  Society,  Waldorf-Astoria  Hotel.  Howard 
H.  Nieman,  Sec, 

Old  Guard,  cor.  Broadway  and  49th  St.  Charles 
A.  Siadler, 

Oratorio  Society,  7th  Ave. ,  near  56th  St.     W.  B. 

Tuthill,  Sec. 

Orphan  Asylum  Society,  office  287  4th  Ave.  J. 
C.  Bell,  Sec. 

Philharmonic  Society,  Carnegie  Hall. 

Prison  Ass'u,  135  K.  15th  St.  S.  M.  Jackson, 
Sec. 

Professional  Woman's  League,  108  W.  45th  St. 
Miss  Alice  Brown,  Sec. 

l^ublic  Education  Ass'n,  1  Madison  Ave.  Mrs. 
K.  W.  Smith,  Sec. 

Purim  Ass'  n.    J.  S.  Isaacs,  Sec. ,  7  Pine  St. 

8c,  Andrew's  Societv,  105  E,22d  St.  G.  A.Morri- 
son, Jr.,  Sec. 

St.  David' s  Soc. .  105  E.  22d  St     G.  M.  Lewis.  Sec. 

St.  George's  Society,  lo8  Broad  St.  Chas.  W. 
Bowrin«t.  Sec. 

St.  Nicholas  Soc.  C.  Isham,  Sec. ,  1286  Broadway. 

Society  for  Instruction  in  First  Aid  to  the  In- 
jured, 105  E.  22d  St.    H.    H.  Truman,  Sec. 


Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Crime,  105  E.  22d 
St.     T.   D.  Kenneson.  Sec. 

Society  for  the  Relief  of  Half  Orphans  and  Des- 
titute Children,  Manhattan  Ave.,  near  W.  104th 
St.     Mrs.  J.  R.  Wheeler,  Sec. 

Society  for  the  Reformation  of  Juvenile  Delia- 
quents,  Randall's  Island,    E.  J.  Wendell,  Sec. 
y^State  Charities  Aid  Association,  105  E.  22d  St. 
"Homer  Folks,  Sec. 

Tammanysoc.  ,14.3E.14thSt.Thos.  F.Smith, Sec. 

Tree  Planting  Ass'n,  374  Broadway,  Lincolu 
Cromwell,  Sec. 

Unitarian  Societv,  104  E.  20th  St. 

United  Heb.  Charities,  356  2d  Ave.  F.  L.  Wachen- 
heim.  Sec. 

University  Settlement  Society,  184  Eldridge  St. 
S.  L.  Cromwell,  Sec. 

Veteran  Firemen's  Association,  106  W.  31st  St. 
Yi^'illiam  Scott.  Sec. 

V/omen's  Prison  Association,  110  2d  Ave.  Mrs. 
H.  IM.  Guilleudea.  Sec. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  main  of- 
fice, 215  W.  23d  St.    H.  M.  Orne,  Sec. 

Young  Men's  Hebrew  Association,  861  Lexing. 
ton  Ave.    F.  Younker,  Sec. 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  7  E.15th 
St.,  460  W.  44th  St.    Miss  J.  F.  Bangs,  Sec. 


SHOWING    SIZE,    BOUNDARIES,    AND    VALUE. 


Prospect,  516^4  acres,  9th  Ave. ,  15th  St.,  Coney 
Island,  Fort  Hamilton  Ocean,  and  Flatbush 
Aves. ,  value  $27,735,000. 

Fort  G  reene.  30  acres,  i  )e  Kalb  Ave.,AVashington 
Park,  Ashland  PI.,  Willoughbv  St.,  Canton  St., 
and  Myrtle  Ave. ,  value  $i,890.  000. 

Bedford,  4  acres,  Brooklvn  and  Kinsrston  Aves. , 
Park  PI.  and  Prospect  PI.,  value  $150,000. 

Brooklyn  Heights,  5  acres,  Columbia  Heights, 
fronting  on  Furnian  St. 

Tomjikins,  7%  acres,  Tompkins,  Greene,  Marcy, 
and  Lafayette  Aves. ,  value  $400,000. 

Cit.y,  7^  acres,  Canton  and  Navy  Sts. ,  Park 
and  Flushing  Aves.,  value  $325,000. 

City  Hall,  ^  acre,  junction  of  Court  and  Fulton 
Sts.,  value  $100,000. 

Carroll,  2  acres.  President,  Court,  Carroll,  and 
Smith  Sts..  value  $390,000.  ^ 

Winthrop,  8J^  acres,  Nassau  and  Driggs  Aves. , 
Monitor  and  Russell  Sts. ,  value  $325,000. 

Highland,  terminus  of  Eastern  Parkway  Exten- 
sion, 40  acres.  Force  Tube'  Ave.  facing  Sunny- 
side  Ave.,  value  $250,000. 

Sunset,  14M  acres.  41st  to  43d  St. ,  5th  to  7th 
Ave.,  value  $200,000. 

Red  Hook,  6  acres,  Richards,  Dwight,  Verona, 
and  William  Sts. ,  value  $150,000. 

Bushwick,  6  acre.s,  Knickerbocker  and  Irving 
Aves. .  Starr  and  Suydam  Sts. ,  value  $150,000. 

Institute  Garden,  50  acres,  Washington  Ave., 
Eastern  Parkway,  and  Flatbush  Ave.,  value 
$1,250,000. 

Parade  Ground,  40  acres.  Coney  Island  Ave., 
Caton  Ave. ,  Fort  Hamilton  Ave. ,  and  Parade 
PI.,  value  $1,290,000. 

Coney  Island  Concourse,  55  acres,  foot  of  Ocean 
Parkway.  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Dyker"  Beach,  144  acres,  7th  Ave.,  New  York 
Bav,  Bay  8th  St.,  Cropsey  and  14th  Ave.s. ,  value 
$300,000. 

Kings,  11  acres,  Fulton,  Alsop,  Ray  Sts.,  and 
Sheldon  Ave. ,  Jamaica. 

Greenpoint,  43  acres.  Perry  St.,  Nassail  Ave. 
and  Lo rimer  St. 

McKinley,  9}^  acres.  Fort  Hamilton  Ave,  and 
73d  St. 


Rainey,  6  acrps,  Vernon  Ave.,  Pierce  Ave., 
Sandford  St.  and  East  River. 

Seaside,  Coney  Island,  15  acres,  foot  of  Ocean 
Parkway. 

Benson  hurst  Beach,  8  acres,  Bay  Parkway, 
Gravesend  Bay,  21st  and  Cropsey  Aves.,  value 
$38,000. 

Lincoln  Terrace,  12  acres.  Eastern  Parkway, 
Buffalo  Aye.,  President  St. ,  and  Rochester  Ave. , 
value  $120,000. 

Canarsie.  40  acres,  Rorkaway  Parkway  and 
Jamaica  Bay,  value  $105,000. 

New  Lots  Playground,  3  acres,  Sackman  St, 
Newport,  Christopher,  and  Riverdale  Ave.s. ,  value 
$16,000. 

Cooper,  7  acres,  Maspeth  and  Morsran  Aves. , 
Sharon  and  Guilford  Sts.,  value  $55,000. 

Irving  Sq.,  3^^  acres,  Hamburs:  and  Knicker- 
bocker Aves. ,  Halsey  and  Weirtield  Sts. ,  value 
$70,000. 

Saratoga  Sq. ,  4  acres,  Saratoga  and  Howard 
Aves. ,  Halsey  and  Macon  Sts. ,  value  $121,000. 

Linton,  3  acres,  Bradford  St.,  Blake,  Dumont, 
and  Miller  Aves. ,  value  $35,000. 

Forest,  536  acres,  between  .Jamaica  Ave.  and 
Union  Turnnike,  Flushing  and  Mvrtle  Aves., 
Richmond  Hill,  value  $1,250,000. 

Fort  Hamilton,  7  acres,  4th  Ave.,  De  Nyse  St., 
Fort  Hamilton  Ave. ,  and  New  York  Bay. 

PARKWAY'S. 

Ocean  Parkwav,  5}^  miles.  Prospect  Park  to 
Coney  Island,  value  $4,000,000. 

Eastern  Parkway,  lYi  miles.  Prospect  Park  to 
Ralph  Ave. ,  value  $3,000,000. 

Eastern  Parkwav  E.xtensioii,  1\i  miles,  Ralph 
Ave.  to  Highland  Park,  value  $1,300,000. 

Fort  Hamilton  Parkwav,  4"^  miles,  Ocean 
Parkway  to  Fort  FTamilton,  value  $1,000,000. 

Bay  Parkway. 3miles(formerly22d  Ave.  ),Ocean 
Parkwa.v  to  Bensonhurst  Beach,  value  $1,000,000. 

Bav  Ridge  Parkway  (Shore  Drive).3  miles.  Fort 
Hamilton  Ave. .  along  shore  New  York  Bay  to 
Fort   Hamilton,  value  $3,500,000. 

Rockaway  Parkway,  4  miles,  Buffalo  Ave.  to 
Canarsie  Beach. 


V82 


Information  Ahout  the  City  of  N'ew   'Torh. 


Headquarters,  Stewart  Building,  280  Broadway,  Manhattan. 
Major-General  Charles  F.  Roe,  Commandincj. 


Asxisfcint  Adjutants:- Genn-at...  .Col.  Frederick  Phis 

lerer  and  Lieut. -Col.  George  A.  Wingate. 
Inspectoi-s Col.    William    H.     Chapin    and 

Lieut.  -Col.  James  W.  Cleveland. 

Judfie- Advocate Lieut.-Col.  W.  W.  Ladd 

Ordnance  Officer  and  Im^pector of  Simdl-  Arms  Prao 

lice Lieut.  -Col.  Nathaniel  B.  Thurstou 

and  Major  William  M.  Kirby. 


CommLisary  of  Subsistence Lleut.-Col.   Gilford 

Hurry. 

Quart/^i'inaster Lieut.-Col.  John  N,  Stearns,  Jr. 

Surgeon Col.  \Vm.  G.  Le  Boutillier 

Engineer Lieut.-Col.  Geoige  NV.  Bunnell,  Jr. 

Signal  Officer. Major  Frederick T.  Leigh 

Aides- de-Onnip.. Majors  L.  M.  Greer,  John  B,  Hol- 
land, and  R.  K.  Prentice. 


ATTACHED  TO  HEADQUARTERS  NATIONAL  GUARD. 


Organization. 


Armorv. 


First  Co.  Signal  Corps. 
Second  Co.  Sii;n:il  Corps. 

Twenty-second  Eng 

Sqnadron  A....... 

S'luadron  C, 

First  Battery 

Second  Batterj-. ..,,,.... 

Third  Battery 

Thirteenth  Coast  Ar'y.. 
Field  Hospital 


Park  Ave.  &  34th  St..  Man.. 
801  i)e.in  Street,  Brooklyn.. 
<)7th  St.  &  Broadway,  ^Ian.. 
94th  St.&  MadisonAve.,Mnn. 
Bedford  Av.&  Union  St.,B'k 
56  West  66'.h  St.,  Manhat'n. 
IS^l  Bathgate  Ave.,  Bronx.. 
171  Clermont  Ave., B'kn.... 
Sumner  &  Jefferson  Avs.,B'k 
.'.6  West  66th  St.,  Manhafu. 


Nlmerical 

Strkxgth. 

OfiScers. 

Men. 

6 

89 

4 

80 

4t 

707 

20 

Mi 

14 

149 

5 

94 

6 

101 

6 

90 

63 

1170 

4 

39 

Commander. 


Capt.  O.  Erlandsen... 
C'apt.E.  Bigelow..., 
Col.  W.  B.  Hotchkin 
Maj.  O.  B.  Brid^man. 
M.a.i.  C.  I.  DeBevoise., 
Capt.  John  F.  O'Kvan 
Capt.  D.  Wilson...... 

Lieut.  G.  E.  Laing... 
Col.  D.  E.  Ansten... 
Maj.  W.  S.  Ternberry 


Adjutant. 


Capt.  R.J.  Daly... 
Lieu  t.K.C. Lawrence 
Lieut.  Cha.s.  Curie.. 


Capt.  T.  R.  Fleming 


Headquarter 
Night. 

Mon.,'c  Ihur. 

Moi.day. 

Monday, 

Friday. 

Monday. 

Tuesday. 

Tuesday. 

Monday. 

Tuesday. 

Monday. 


Total,  City  of  New  York,  attached  to  Headquarters,  September  30,  1907:  Officers  and  Men,  2, 926. 

FIRST    BRIGADE. 

Headquarters,  Park  Are.  &  34th  Street,  Manhattan.  Brigadier-General  George  Moore  Smith,  Com- 
manding: Assistant  Adjutant- General,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas  J.  O'Dondliue.  Headquarter 
Night,  Monday. 


Armory. 

nu.mericai. 
Strength. 

Commander. 

Adjutant. 

Headquarter 
Xight. 

Organization. 

Officers. 

Men. 

Park  Ave.  &  67th  St 

47 
39 
38 
41 
42 
42 

926 
661 
671 
754 
656 
876 

Col.  D.  Appleton 

Blajor  E.  F.  Austin... 

Col.  W.F.Morris 

CoLG.  R.  Dver 

Col.  E.  Duffv 

Capt.il.  W.C.  Falls 
Capt.  E.S.  Acker... 
Capt.  L.  M.  Thlery. 
Capt.ll.A.  De  Russy 
Capt.  J.J.  Phelan.. 
Capt.  C.  Greene 

Fridav. 

Eishth  (Battalion).. 
Kinth  

Park  Ave.  &  94th  St 

125  West  14th  St 

Mon.  and  Fri. 

Monday. 

Daily. 

Monday. 

Tuesday. 

Twelfth 

Columbus  Ave.  &  62d  St 

LexingtonAve.*  26th St, Man 
Park  Ave.  &  34th  St 

Bixtv-ninth ......... 

Beventy-first 

Col.  AV.  G.  Bates 

First  Brigade,  September  30, 1907:  Officers  and  men,  4,473. 

SECOND    BRIGADE. 

Brooklyn  and  Queens. 

Headquarters,  Municipal  Building,  Brooklyn.   Brigadier-General  James  McLeer,  Commanding;  Acting 
Assistant  Adjutant-General, .    Headquarter  Night,  ISIomlay. 


, 

Armory. 

Numerical 
Strength. 

Commander. 

Adjatent. 

Headquarter 
Night. 

Obganization, 

Officers. 

Men. 

Fourteenth 

Twenty-third 

Forty-seventh 

8th  Ave.  and  1 5th  St 

13j2  Bedford  Ave... 

Maroy  Ave.  &  Heyward  St.. 

46 
63 
36 

647 
721 
636 

Col.  John  H.  Foote... 

Col.W.  A.  Stokes 

Col.  J.G.Eddy 

Capt.T.  F.  Donovan 
Capt.J.H.InL'r.ih.<im. 
Capt.  W.  F.  Barnes. 

Monday. 
Mond.iy, 
Monday. 

Second  Brigade,  September  30,  1907:  Officers  and  men,  2,048. 

National  Guard.  City  of  New  York,  September  SO,  1907,  9,447;  for  National  Guard,  New 
York  State,  see  Index  at  "National  Guard." 

The  Naval  Militia  of  .New  Vork,  headquarters,  U.  S.  S.  Newark,  foot  of  97th  St.,  N.  R.  Manhattan,  ls~commanded  by 
Capt.  J.irob  W.  Miller,  N.  M.,N.  v..  and  oti  September  30,  1907,  was  composed  as  follows:  Headquarters,  6  officers;  First 
Battalion,  U.  S.  S.  Granite  State,  Commander  W.  B.  Frnnklin,  N.  M.,  N,  Y.,  commandlnj,  26  officers,  314  men;  Second 
Battalion,  foot  56th  St..  Brooklyn,  Commander  R.  P.  Forshew,  N.  M.,  N.  Y.,  coinma.nding,  17  officers,  215  men;  Second 
Separate  Division,  Rochester,  Lieut.  E  N.  Walbridge.  N.  M.,  N.  Y.,  commanding.  4  officers,  74  men*,  Third  Separate 
Division.  Brffalo.N.  Y.,  Lieut.  E.  C.  Sornborger,  commanding,  6  otiicers,  73  men.  Total,  Naval  Militia,  New  York  :  Officers 
and  men,   735. 


^rt  (K^tillcriCKi  in  i^anljattan. 

Name. 

Loc.ition. 

Name. 

Location. 

American  Art  Galleries 

6  E.  i3d  St., 7  E.  22d  Street. 
358  Fifth  Avenue. 
381  Fifth  Avenue. 
h  West  3'ith  Street. 

895  Fifth  Avenue. 

Blakeslee  Galleries 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art. 

National  Academy  of  Design 

Noe  Art  Galleries         .. .. 

Fifth  Avenue  &  82d  Street. 

Clausen,  William 

(Central  Park). 

Durand.Rnel , 

Fishel,  Aaron  A ,.,., 

313  Fifth  Avenue. 
4  Ea.st  39th  Street. 
7  West  28th  Street. 
7  East  28th  Street. 
855  Fifth  Aveaue. 
860  Fifth  ATenae. 

109th  Street. 

Keppel,  Fr 

368  Fifth  Avenne. 

Klackner  Art  Gallery 

320  Fifth  Avenue. 

Knickerbocker , 

%chaus,  William. 

415  Fifth  Avenne.                ' 

Knoedler  &  Co 

Scott  <k  Fowles 

2^5  Fifth  Avenue. 

Krmshaar,  C.  W 

Tooth,  Arthur,  &  Sons 

299  Fifth  Avenue.              1 

Information  About  the  City  of  Isfeio   Yorlc^ 


783 


district  Hcatrcrs  in  Kcto  ¥orfe  Citits. 


DEMOCRATIC 

LEADERS    AND    EXECUTIVE    MEMBERS. 

Asc 

I'y  Diet, 

Ass'v  Dist. 

Ass'y  DiBt. 

1- 

-D.  E.  Finn. 

18— "John  V.  Coggey. 

34— Arthur  H.  Murphy. 

2- 

-Thomas  F.  Folej'. 

Bart  Dunn. 

35— William  E.  Morris. 

3- 

-Timothy  P.  Sullivan, 

19— James  Aheam. 

John  T  Oaklev. 

20— Maurice  F(;atherson 

Asa  Bird  Gardiner. 

4- 

-John  F.  Ahearn. 

21— James  J.  Walsh. 

W.  Bourke  Cockran. 

P   J.  Scull V. 

22- William  H.  Siniiott 

Lewis  Nixon. 

5- 

-C.  \V.  Culkin. 

23— Thomas  F.  McAvoy 

Charles  G.  F.  Wahle. 

6- 

-Benjamin  Hoffman. 

24— J.  J.  Dietz. 

Antonio  Zucca. 

7- 

-Frank  J.  Goodwin. 

25— George  F.  Scannell. 

Thomas  F.  Grady. 

8- 

-F.  J.  Sullivan. 

JosepJi  F.  Prendergast. 

John  C.  Sheehan. 

y- 

-P.  J.  Dooling. 

26-J.  J.  Frawley, 

John  T.  Oakley. 

William  Dalton. 

27— Thomas  F.  McDevitt. 

Daniel  F.  Cohalan. 

10- 

-Julius  Harburger. 

28— Nicholas  J.  Hayes. 

William  F.  Gtell. 

11- 

-T.  J.  McManus. 

29— Thomas  E.Rush. 

John  R.  Voorhis, 

12- 

-J.  J.  Mui'phy. 

30  S- P.  E.  Nagle. 

George  E.  Best. 

13- 

-John  F.  Curry. 

SON— Wallaces.  Fraser, 

C/iair??ian— Thomas  F.  McAvoy. 

14- 

-William  J.  Boyhan. 

31 -William  J.  Wright. 

(George  F.  Scannell. 

15- 

-James  J.  Hagan. 

32— E.  J.  McGuire. 

Secretaries^  Thomas  E   Rusli. 

16- 

-Francis  J.  Lantry. 

T.  H.  O'Neill. 

(Thomas  F.  Smith. 

17- 

-Ross  Williams. 

33— Michael  J.Garvin. 

r/gasurer— Philip  F.  Douohue. 

REPUBL9CAN    LEADERS    AND    EXECUTIVE    MEMBERS. 


Ass'y  Dist. 

1— George  S.  Husch. 

2— Joseph  Levenson. 

3— James  E.  March . 

4— Jacob  A.  Newstead. 

5— Joseph  T.  Hackett. 

6— Samuel  S  Koenig. 

7— William  Halpin. 

8— Charles  S.   Adler. 

9— Michael  H.  Blake. 
10— Ferdinand  Eidman. 
11— George  W.  Wan  maker. 
12— William  Henkel. 
13— William  Hahn. 


I  Ass'y  Dist. 

14— John  S.  Shea. 
15— Harry  W.  Mack. 
16— Charles  K.  Lexow. 
17— Abraham  G ruber. 
18-Joseph  E.  Nejedly. 
19— Wm.  S.  Bennet. 
20- John  H.  Gunner. 
21— Moses  M.  McKee. 
22— Ambrose  O.  Neal. 
23-Collin  H.  Woodward. 
24— Morris  Levy. 
25— Ezra  P.  Prentice. 
26— Samuel  Krulev/itch. 


Ass'y  Dist. 

27— B.  W.B.Brown. 

28— Frank  Raymond. 

29— John  Henry  Hammond. 

30— Frank  K.  Bowers. 

31— Harvey  T.  Andrews. 

32  Upper— William  S.  Germain. 

32  Lower— William  H.  Ten  Eyck. 

33-Edw.  H.  Healy. 

34— Headley  M  Greene. 

35— Thomas  W.  Whittle. 

P?vs/den«— Herbert  Parsons. 

-S'ec'?/— Thomas  W.  Whittle 

Treas.— Otto  T.  Bannard. 


iSstimaUtr  J^opulation  of  N^Uj  ¥orlt  (titj} 

AND    ITS    BOROUGHS,    AS    NOW    CONSTITUTED,    1790    TO    1900. 

(UNITED  STATES  CENSUS  REPORT.  ) 


Boroughs. 


Kew  York  City. 


Manhattan. 
Bronx. .  .  .„ 
Brooklyn... 
Kichm)nd.. 
Queens 


1900. 

1890. 

1880. 

1870. 

1860 

1850. 

1840. 

1830 

1820. 

1810. 

1800. 

3,437,202 

1,850^091 
200,507 

1,166,582 

67,021 

152,999 

2,507,414 

l,911,6!^8 

1,478,103 

942,292 
37,393 

419,921 
33,029 

45,468 

1,174,779 

813,669 
23,593 

2-;9,122 

25,490! 

■     32,903 

696,115 

5rC547 
8,032 

138,  882 
15,061 
18,593 

391,  114 

242,278 

152,056 

119,734 

79,216 

1,441,216 

88,908 

838,547 

61,693 

87,050 

1,164,673 

51.980 

59:1,495 

3s,9:'I 

56,559 

312,710 

5,346 

47,613 

10,965 

14,480 

202,569 

3.023 

20.535 

7,082 

9,049 

123,706 

2,782 

11,187 

6,135 

8,246 

96,373 
2,267 
8,303 
5,347 
7,444 

60,515 
1,755 
6,740 
4.564 
6,642 

1790. 


33,131 
1,781 
4,495 
3,835 
6,159 


The  preceding  table  shows  that  the  area  comprised    within  the  present  limits  of  the   City  of  New  York  had  an  estimated 
population  of  49,401  in  1T90.  which  h.id  grown  to  696,115  in  1850,  representing  an  increase    of  646,714,  or  1,309.1  percent.    The 
po|iul;it;on  of  the  present  City  of  New  York  hail  grown  to  2,50",414  in  1&90,  or  an  iucr-a  se  since  1850  of  1,811,299,  or  260.2 
cent.    Since  1890  there  has  been  an  increase  of  929,788,  or  37.1  per  cent.,  the  population  in  1900  being  3,437,202. 


per 


!I!<reto  ¥orfe  (Kijamijcr  of  (Srommrrcr. 

OROANrzED  April  5,  1768.  Incorporated  by  George  III.  March  1.3.  1770.  Reincorporated  by 
the  State  of  New  York  April  13,  1784.  Its  object  is  indicated  in  the  following  words  of  the  original 
charter:  "Sensible  that  numberless  inestimable  benefits  have  accrued  to  mankind  from  commerce; 
that  they  are,  in  proportion  to  their  greater  or  lessertipplication  to  it,  more  or  less  opulent  and  potent 
in  all  countries;  and  that  the  enlargement  of  trade  will  vastly  increase  the  value  of  real  estates  as  well 
as  the  general  opulence  of  our  said  colony, ' '  and  ' '  to  carry  into  e.xecution,  encourage,  and  promote, 
by  just  and  lawful  ways  and  means,  such  measures  as  will'tend  to  promote  and  extend  just  and  law- 
ful commerce  " 

During  the  decade  1760-1770,  according  to  Lord  Sheffield's  Ohxervalions.  the  average  yearly  value 
of  American  Colonial  imports  from  Great  Britain  was  £1,763,409.  and  of  exports  to  the  same  country 
£1,044,591.  Up  to  the  evacuation  of  the  city  by  the  British  and  its  occupation  by  the  Americans,  on 
the  25th  of  November,  1783,  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce  had  had  seven  presidents,  thirteen 
vice-presidents,  eight  treasurers,  one  secretary',  and  135  members.  In  Mav.  1763,  the  Sandy  Hook 
Light-Hou.se  was  lighted  up  for  the  first  time.  In  178G  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  first  suggested  the 
construction  of  the  Erie  Canal,  and  in  1784  petitioned  the  New  York  Legislature  (which  so  ordered) 
that  duties  should  be  levied  under  a  specific  instead  of  an  ad  valorem  tariff— a  system  of  which  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  has  ever  since  been  the  constant  advocate. 

As  a  society  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  consists  of  fifteen  hundred  resident  and  two  hundred  and 
fifty  non-resident  members.  Initiatory  fees  have  varied  between  the  sum  of  ten  Spanish  dollars, 
required  in  1770,  and  $50.  which  is  now  demanded  from  every  accepted  candidate.  Annual  dues, 
$50  per  annum.     Non-resident  members,  $25  per  annum. 

The  building  of  the  Chamber  is  at  65  Liberty  Stneet,  New  York.  O&cets:  I^esideiU,  J.  Edward 
Siimmoaa iSecrelary,  George  Wilson;  Treasurer,  James  G.  Cannou. 


784  Information  About  the   City  of  JVeto    York. 


cSteamsiljips  from  "Ntin  ¥orfe  Qtits. 

Tkis  table  gives  the  destination  of  the  steamer,  then  the  street  from  the  foot  of  which  the  steam- 
ships sail,  and  I  he  location  of  the  office  ol  the  agent  in  Manhattan,  Loading:  berths  are  liable  to  be 
changed  from  those  here  shown. 


Antigua.  TV.  10th  St.,  Quebec  S.  S.  Co.,  29  B'  way. 
Antwerp,  foot  Fulton  St. ,  N.  11.,  Ked  Star  Line, 

9  Broadway. 
Antwerp,   7th  St.,  Hoboken,  Phoenix  Line,   22 

State  St. 
Australia,  Xorton  &  Son,  Produce  Exchange,  and 

U.  S.  &  Australasias. S.  t'o,,  11  Broad\va\\ 
Bahamas,  Wall  St.,  N,  Y.  &  Cuba  Mail  S.S.  Co., 

Pier  14,  E.  R. 
Baltimore,   Md. ,  foot  Old  Slip.   New  York,  and 

Baltimore  Trans.  Co..  Pier  11,   E.  11. 
Barbados,  Martin  Stores,    Brooklyn,  Booth  S.  S. 

Co.,  88  Gold  St. 
Barbados.  W.  10th  St. .  Quebec  S.  S.  Co. . 29  B'  way. 
Barbados,  Bethune  St., Sanderson  &  Son, 22  State 

St. 
Barcelona,   Pier  8,    E.   B.,  Compaflia  Transat- 

lautica,  8  K.  R. 
Bermuda.  W.  iOth  St.,  Quebpc  S.  S.  Co., 29  B'  way. 
Brazil,  Lampoit&  Holt  Line,  Produce  Exchange, 

Booth  S.  S.  Co. .  S8  Gold  St. 
Bremen,  3dSt. ,  Hoboken,  North  German  Lloyd, 

5  Broadway. 
Bristol.  En<<. ,  footW.  29th  St..  Bristol  City  Line, 

25  Whitehall  St. 
Buenos  Ayres,     Pier  8,  Brooklyn,    Lamport    & 

Holt  Line,  Produce  Ex<hange. 
Buenos  Ayres,   Norton  Line    and    Prince    Line 

Produce  Exchange. 
Cadiz,  Compania  Transatlantica,  8  E.  R. 
Calcutta,    Bush  Dock,    Brooklyn,    American    & 

Indian  Line,  10  Bridge  St. 
Callao,    Merchants'   Line.  Hanover  Square. 
Callao,  West  Coast  Line,  31  Hroad  St. 
C.impeche,  N.  Y.  &  Cuba  Mail  SS.  Co. ,  14  E.  B. 
Cape  Town,  Union-Clan  Line, Prince  Line,   Pro- 
duce Exchange. 
Carthagena,  \V.  2oth  St.,  Atlas  Line,  37  Broadway 
Chirlesion.  S.  C,  foot  of  Spring  St.,  Clyde  Line, 

Pier  36,  N.  R. ,  and  290  Broadway. 
China,  U.  S.  &  China-.Iapan  Line,  10  Bridge  St., 
Barber  &  Co. ,   Produce  Exchange,  American- 
Asiatic   Line,  12    Broadway,  Norton    &  Son, 
Pi'oduce  Exchange. 
Christiania,  17th   St.,   Hoboken,  Scandinavian- 
Amer'can  Lin^,  10  Bridge  St. ,  and  1  Broadway. 
Colon,  foot  W.  27th  St.,  Panama  11.  li.  Steamship 

Line,  24  State  St. 
Colon,  Bethune  St. ,  Sanderson  &  Son, 22  State  St. 
Colon,  W.'ioth  St. ,  Atlas  Line,  39  Broadway. 
Copenhasreu,   17th  St. ,  Hoboken,  Kcandinavian- 

American  Line,  10  Bridge  St.  and  1  Broadway. 
Costa  Rica,  W.  25th  St.,  Atlas  Line.  39  B' svay. 
Costa  Rica,  Bethune  St^ ,  Sanderson  &  Son,  22 

State  St. 
Cnracoa.  Pier  11,  Brooklyn,  Red  "D"  Line.  82 

Wall  St. 
CnraQoa,  Roval  Dutch  Line,  10  Bridge  St. 
Demerara,  Roj-al  Dutch  Line,  10  Bridge  St. 
Demerara,  Demerara  S.  S.  Line,  106  Wall  St. 
Demerara,W.  10thSt.,Quobec  S.S. Co.,  29 R"  way. 
Dominica, \V.  10th  St..  Quebec  S.  S.  Co.,  2f>  B'  wav. 
Galveston,  Bulling  Slip,  Mallory  Line,  80  South 

St. ,  and  290  Broadway. 
Galveston,  N.  Moore  St. .  Morgan  Line,  349  B' wav. 
Genoa  and  Gibraltar.  1st  St.,  Hoboken,  Hamburg- 
American  Line,  37  Broadway. 
Genoa   and  Gibraltar,   3d   St.',  Hoboken,  North 

German  Lloyd, 5  Broadway. 
Geioa  and  Gibraltar,  W.    llth  St.,    White  Star 

Line,  9  Broadway. 
Genoa.  W.  34th  St.,  La  VpIoco  Liup,  50  Wall  St. 
Gibraltar,  ,Iane  St.,  Cunard  Line,  21  state  St. 
Glasgow,  W.  24th   St.,  Anchor  Line.  17  B'  way. 
H-iliiax,  Red  Cross  Line,  17  State  St. 
ITam!>nr7.1stSt.,  Hobokon,  Haiv'^urg- American 
Line,  37  l>roan\vav.    .'   .»  .    •■ 

Havana.  W-Il  St.,  New  York  and  Cuba  Mail  S.  S. 
Co.,  Pierl4E.  li. 


Havana,  Pier  8,  E.  R.,  Compaiiia  Transatlantica, 
8E.R, 

Havre,  Barber  k  Co.,  Produce  Exchange. 

Havre,  Morton  St.,  French  Line,  19  State  St, 

Hayti,  W.  25th  St.,  Atlas  Line,  82  Beaver  St., 

37  Broadway. 
Hayii,  Royal  Dutch  Line,  10  Bridge  St. 
Honolulu.    American- Hawaiian  S,    S.    Co.,    10 

Bridge  St. 

Hull,  foot  Bethune  St.,  Wilson  Line,  22  state  St. 
Jacksonville,  foot  Spring  St. ,  Clyde  Line,  Pier  36, 

N.  R.,  and  290  Broadway. 
Japan,  U.S.  &  China- Japan  Line, 10  Bridge  St., 

Norton  &  Son,  Produce  Exchange. 
Key  West,  Bur'ing  Slip.  Mallory  Line,  80  South 

St.  and  290  Broad  wav. 
Kingston,  Jamaic.i,  W.  !25th  St.,  Hamburg- Am. 

Line  (Atlas  Line),  .??  Broadway. 

Kingston  &  LaGuayra,  Bethune  St. ,  Sanderson  & 

Son,22  State  St. 
LaGuayra,  j\oyal  Dutch  Line,  10  Bridge  St. 

LaGnayra,Pier  11,  Brooklyn, Red  *'D"  Line,83 

Wall  St. 
Le^'horn,  Union  Stores,  Brooklyn,  Anchor  Line< 

17  Broadway. 
Liverpool,  Jaiie  St. ,  Cunard  Line,  21  State  St* 
Liverpool.  W.  ll;h  St.,  WhiteStar  Line,9B' way^ 
London,W.  Houston  St.,  Atlantic  Transport  Line^ 

9  Broadway. 
Manchester,  Dock  in  Brooklvn,  Lamport  &  Holt 

Line,  301  Produce  Exchange. 
Manila.American-Asiatic  Line,  12  Broadway,and 

U.S.,  China-Japan  Line,  iO  Bridge  St. 
Marseilles,  Fabre  Line,  24 State  St.,  and  Anchor 

Line,  17  Broadway. 
Martinique, W.l 0th  St., Quebec  S.  S.  Co.. 29  B'  w' y. 
Melbourne,  American  and  Australian  Line,  Prod- 
uce Exchanare. 
Melbourne,  United  States  and  Australasia  Line, 

11  Broadway. 
Montevideo,  Norton    Line,  Prince   Line,  Barber 

Line,  Lamport  &  Holt  Line,  Houston  Line,   all 

in  Produce  Exchange. 
Nap'es,  Anchor  Line,  Fabre  Line,  North  German 

Lloyd,  Hamburg-American,    Prince    Line,  La 

Veloce  Line,  White  Star  Line,  and  Cunard  Line 

all  call  at  Naples. 
Nassau,  Wall  St.  .New  York  and  Cuba  Mail  S.S. 

Co.,  14E.  R. 
New  Orlean-:,  North  Moore  St.,  Southern  Pacific 

Co.,  349  Broad wa.y. 
Newport  News,  Norfolk,  and^Old  Point  Comfort, 

Bench  St.,  Old  Dominion  fcs. S.  Co., on  pier  and 

81  Beach  St. 

New  Zealand,  United  Tyser  Line, 10  Bridge  St., 

and  U.  S.  and  Australasia  Line,  11  Broadway. 
Para,  Martin  Stores,  BrooWyn, Booth  S.  S.  Cs)., 

88  Gold  St. 
Pernambuco,  Dock  in  Brooklyn,  Lamport  <fe  Holt 

Line,  and  Prince  Line,  Produce  Exchange,  stop 

at  this  port. 
Philadelphia,  foot  RooSevelt  St.,  Clyde  Line,  on 

pier. 
Philippine  Islands,  see  "Manila." 
Port  an  Prince,  see  •"ilayti.  " 
Portland,  Catharine  St.,  Maine  S.  S.  Line,  290 

Broadway,  and  on  pier. 
Port  Limon,  W.  25th  St. ,  Atlas  Line,  39  B' wa.v, 
Porto  Rico.  New  Vork  and  Porto  Rico  S.  S.  Line, 

12  Broadway. 
Porto  Rico.  Pier  11,  Brooklyn,  Red  "K"  Line, 

82  Wall  St. 

Porto  Rico,  Tn?nlar  Line,  116  Broad  St. 
Pii«:re.so,  Wall  Sc. .   New  Yofk   and  Cuba  Mail. 
:    S.'S.  Co.  ,14E.  R.  f  -      -     '^     '»     •'• 

Pnorto  ("ab  dlo,  pjerll,  Brooklyn,  Red  "D"Liiie, 
82  Wall  St,  '   ' " 


Ivformatlon  About  the   City  of  New    York. 


785 


STEAMSHIPS  FROM  NEW  YORK  CITX— Continued. 


Puerto  Cabello,  Royal  Dutch  Line.  10  Rrulare  St. 

Queenstown,  Cunard,aud  White  Star  Lines  call 
here. 

lilo  de  Janeiro,  Dock  in  Brooklyn.  Lamport  & 
Holt  Line,  Prince  Line  and  Lloyd  Brazileiro,  all 
in  Produce  E.xchanprp. 

Kotterdam,  oth  St. ,  Hoboken.  Holland-Amer- 
ica Line,  89  Broadu-av  and  10  Bridge  St.  Rus- 
sian Volunteer  Fleet,  33  Broad wa v. 

San    Dominsjo.  Clyde   Line.  12  Broadway. 

Santiago  de  Cuba,  Prentice  Stores,  Brooklyn,  New 
Vork  and  Cuba  Mail  Line.  Pier  14  E.  R. 

SavaHuah,  Sprins:  St.,  Savannah  Line,  on  pier 
and  317  Broadway. 

Sa vanilla,  ^V,  '25th  St. .  Atla.s  Line.  39  Broadway. 

Savanilla,  Bethune  St.,  Sanderson  &,  Sou,  22 
State  St. 

South  Africa,  Barber  &  Co.,  Produce  Exchange. 


Southampton,  Fulton  St.,  X.  R. ,  American  Line, 

9  Broadway,  and  White  Star  Line, 9  Broadway. 
Souihauiptou,  8d  St.,  Hoboken,  North    Germaxi 

Llovd  Lme,  5  Broadwav. 
St.  John's,  N".  F.,    l^ed  Cross  Line.  17  State  St. 
Tampico,  Prentice  Stores,  Brooklyn,  New  Yorlc 

and  Cuba  Mail  Line,  Pier  14  K.  R. 
Trinidad,  Roval  Dutch  Line.  10  Bridge  St. 
Trinidad,    Trinidad  Line,    29  Broadway,    RoTal 

Mail  Line,  22  State  St. 
Valparaiso,  W.  R.  Grace  &  Co. ,  Hanover  Souare,, 

West  Coast  Line,  31  Broad  St. 
Venezuela.  Roval  Dutch  Line,  10  Bridge  St. , Red" 

"D"  Line,  82  Wall  St. 
Vera  Cruz,  ^Vall  St.,  New  York  and  Cuba  Mall 

Line,  Pier  14  E.  R. 
Wilmington,  N.  C,  Spring  St.,  Clyde  Line,  foot 

Spring  St.,  and  290  Broadway. 


^txtim  from  «intr  to  JHarniftattan* 


To  Astoria.— From  ft.  E.  92d  St. 

"  Bedloe's  Isl.  (Liberty  Island).  —From  Battery. 

"  Elackweirs  Island.— From  ft.  2Sth  St.,  ft.  52d 

St.,  ft.  TOlhSt.,  E.  R. 

"  Brooklyn  Borough.— From  ft.  Catharine  St.  to 

Maiii.St.,Brookl\'n  Boro. 

**  "■  *  From  ft.  E.  10th  and  ft.  E. 

23d    St.    to    Greenpoint 
Ave..  Brookl3'n  Boro. 

•*  **  "  From    ft.    E.    23d    St.    to 

B' way,  Brooklyn  Boro. 

**  *•  **  From    ft.    E.   42d   St.    to 

B'  way,  Brooklvn  Boro. 

**  **  "  From  ft.  E.  Houston  St.  to 

Grand  St.,  B'klyu  Boro 

•*  "*  "  Fromft.  Fulton  St.  to  Ful- 

ton St.,  Brooklyn  Boro. 

**  **:  •*  From    ft.    Grand    St.    to 

G  rand  St. and  Broadway, 
Brooklj-n  Boro. 

••*  **  •*  From  ft.  Roosevelt  St.  to 

Broadway, B'klyn  Boro. 

"  **  "  From  ft.  Wall  St.  to  Mon- 

tague St.,  B'klyn  Boro. 

"  "  "  From  ft.  Vv^hitehall  St.  to 

Atlantic  and  Hamilton 
Aves.,Brookl}-n  Boro. 

**  **  "  From  ft.  Whitehall  St.  to 

89th  St.,  Brooklyn  Boro. 

"  College  Point  (Queens  Borough).— Fromft.  E 

99th  St 

"   Edgewater.  —From  W.  130th  St. 

"  Ellis    Island.— From     Barge    Office,    White- 
hall St. 

"  Hart's  Island.— From  ft.  26th  St.,  E.  R. 

"  Hoboken.— From  ft.  Barclay.  Cliristopher  and 

W.  23d  Sts.  to  Newark  and  Ferry 

Sts.,  Hoboken. 


'  To    Hoboken.— From  ft.  W.  2Sd  St.  to  14th  St.,Ho- 
boken. 

"  Jersey  City.— From  ft.  Chambers  and  W.  23d 
Sts.  to  Pavonia  Ave  .Jerse.vClly, 
(Erie,  Northern  of  New  Jersey, 
and  N.J.  &N   Y.  R.  li.) 

*•  '•  "  Fromft.Cortlandt,Desbrosses,and[ 
W.  23d  Sts.  to  Montgomery  St., 
Jersey  Citv.  (Pennsylvania  R. 
R., Lehigh ValleyR.R.,  and  New 
York,  Susquehanna  &  Western 
R.  R.) 

••  "  "  From  ft.  Liberty  and  W.  23d  Sts. 
to  Communipaw,  Jersey  City. 
(Central  R.R.  of  New  Jersey.  7 

"  **  "  Pennsylvania  Annex  from  ft.  Ful- 
ton St.,  Brooklyn  Borough,  to' 
Jersey  City,  connecting  withi 
Pennsj'lvauia  R.  R., Lehigh  Val- 
ley R.'R.,andNew  Vork,  Sus- 
quehanna &  We.stern  R.  R. 

"  North  Brother  Island.— From  ft.  E.   132d  St. 

"  Queens  Borough  ( LonsT  Island  Citv).— From  ft. 
E.  34th    St.  to  Borden     Ave., 
Long  Island  City  (L.  I.  R.R.). 

"  Randall's  Island. —Fromft.  E.26th,  E.  120th  and 

E.  125th  Sts. 
"  Richmond  Borough  CStaten  Island).— From   ft. 

Whitehall  St.  to  St.  George, 
Staten  Island.     (Staten  Isl- 
and Rapid  Transit  R.R.  and 
Trolley  lines.) 
"  Riker's  Island— From  ft.  E.  26th  St. 
"  Ward's  Island.— From  ft.  E.  116th  St. 
"  Weehawken.— From  ft.Df>sbrosses  and  ft.W.42d 
St.  (to  W.  Shore  R.R.  Depot.). 
"  West  New  York. -From  ft.  W.  42d  S^    to  Old 

Slip. 


f)  Of  ^itrctDallfes  in  l^aidjattan^ 


In  streets  40  feet  wide 10  ft 

**        "      50     "      "    13  "* 

*'        "     60    «•      «    .    ...  "1.5  « 

•*      70    "      "    '* IS  « 

"        "     80    "      «    *.'.*.Iiy  " 

«'        "     above  =.(1,  not  esceGdingibbfeet'20  " 

"■all  streets  more  ihan  100  feet 22  " 

"  Leno.x  and  7tb  Aves.,north  of  W.llotb.35  ** 

"Grand  Boulevard 24  "■ 

"ManhattauSt 15  " 

*' Lesmgtou  Ave 18  "  6  in. 


In  iMadison  Ave 19  ft. 

"•  5th  Ave ...30  " 

"  St.  Nicholas  Ave 22  "eiu. 

"  Park  Ave.  from  E.  49th  to  E.  5(5th  St., 

and  from  lO.  93th  St.  to  Harlem  River. 15  " 

"  West  End  Ave 30  " 

"  Central  Park  West,  from  W.  59th  St.  to 

W.  110th,  east  side 27  '- 

"  Central  Park   West,  from  W.  59th  St. 

to  W.  UOth.  west  side 25  - 


786  Infonnation  About  the   City  of  JSfeio  York, 


cSutjba^  <Si>i5Umis  of  l^t^  ¥ot*fe  <a:(t||. 

The  existing  subway  systems  consist  of; 

1— A  four-track  truuk  line  from  City  Hall  Park, through  Lafayette  Street,  4th  Avenue,  42d  Street, 
and  Broadway,  to  96th  Street. 

3— A  two-track  southern  extension,  from  the  City  Hall  loop,  througk  Broadway  to  South  Ferr}'. 
whence  It  is  to  connect  with  the  tuuuei  under  tlie  Kast  liiver  to  the  Brooklyn  subway  system  now 
under  construction.  This  eiteusiou  would  now  be  in  operation  but  for  errors  in  construction  in 
the  tunnel  under  the  river. 

The  Brooklyn  subway  through  Joralemon  and  Fulton  Streets  is  practically  ready.  It  prom- 
ises to  run  cars  from  the  Battery  to  the  Flatbush  Avenue  terminal  of  the  L,oug  Island  Railroad  by 
the  first  of  1908. 

The  rapid  transit  authorities  of  the  city  have  contracted  for  an  extension  of  the  Brooklyn 
subway  system,  Irom  Flatbush  and  Atlantic  Avenues  along  4th  Avenue  to  65th  Street,  Bay 
Ridge.  The  next  step  Is  to  continue  the  subway  on  4th  Avenue  to  Fort  Hamilton,  with  a  spur 
from  Bay  Ridge  to  the  West  Knd  of  Coney  Island.  Ultimately  the  4th  Avenue  subway  will  go 
under  the  Narrows  to  Staieu  Island. 

3— Three  two- track  northern  extension,  as  follov.-s: 

A— One  on  Broadway,  to  Van  Cortlandt  Park.    It  has  been  put  in  operation  as  far  as  Kingsbrldge 

at  the  Harlem  Ship  CanaL 

B— One  under  Central  Park  and  Lenox  Avenue,  to  the  Harlem  River  at  139th  Street. 
C— One  from  135th  Street  and  Lenox  Avenue,  under  the  Harlem  River,  and  through  149th  Street, 
Westchester  Avenue,  and  the  Southern  Boulevard  to  Bronx  Park. 

To  the  existing  subway  sj'st ems  is  soon  to  be  added  an  underground  loop  in  Manhattan,  con- 
necting the  Brooklyn,  Manhattan  and  Williamsburg  bridges.  Bids  on  this  work  have  been 
advertised  for.  The  next  step  will  be  to  connect  the  Brooklyn  ends  of  the  three  bridges  named 
with  a  system  of  subwaj's  reaching  out  all  over  that  boi'ough. 

Extensions  to  the  present  subway  system  have  been  formally  adopted  and  authorized  by  the 
Rapid  Transit  and  Public  Service  Commissions,  as  follows: 

Route  1— 1st  Avenue,  Bronx,  beginning  at  East  138th  Street  and  Alexander  Avenue  running 
southerly,  a  four-track  subway  under  Alexander  Avenue  and  the  Harlem  River  to  1st 
Avenue;  continuing  underlst  Avenue  to  2d  Street,  to  1st  Street,  to  East  Houston,  to  Essex, 
to  Hester  (where  a  two-track  loop  will  begin— passing  through  private  property,  Seward 
Park,  East  Broadway,  Canal  and  Essex  Streets);  from  Hester  continuing  two  tracks 
through  Essex  and  Rutgers  Streets  to  Madison  Street,  to  Roosevelt  Street  and  New  Bowery; 
to  Pearl,  to  Water,  to  Pine  Street,  to  Wall,  to  Beaver  street  and  Bowling  Green  to  Battery 
Park. 

Beginning  at  Alexander  Avenue  and  138th  Street,  a  four-track  subway  through 
Alexander,  3d,  Melrose  and  Webster  Avenues  to  171st  Street;  a  two-track  loop  through 
W^ebster  Avenue  and  Claremont  Park,  returning  to  Webster  Avenue  at  171st  Street. 
Route  2— 9th  Avenue.  Beginning  at  Battery  Park,  in  connection  with  Route  No.  1,  a  two-track 
subway  through  Battery  Park  to  West  Street,  to  a  point  between  Albany  and  Cedar  Streets; 
thence  a  four-track  subway  through  West  to  Gansevoort  to  9th  Avenue,  to  Columbus 
Avenue  to  West  110th  Street,  and  through  Morningrside  Park  to  Manhattan  Avenue  at 
West  112th  Street,  through  Manhattan  and  St.  Nicholas  Avenues,  Kingsbridge  Road, 
Broadway  and  Sherman  Avenue  to  West  211th  Street. 
Route  3— 3d  Avenue.  Beginning  at  Southern  Boulevard,  between  3d  and  Lincoln  Avenues, in  the 
Bronx;  thence  a  two-track  subway  to  Lincoln  Avenue,  Morris  Avenue  to  East  141st 
Street,  to  East  142d  Street  to  3d  Avenue,  to  Lincoln  Avenue. 

Also  twospnrs  ruuuiug  east  and  two  spurs  running  west,  from  3d  and  Lincoln  Avenues, 
into  East  138th  Street, 

A  two-track  subway  beginning  on  private  property  south  of  Southern  Boulevard, 
between  3d  and  Lincoln  Avenues,  to  Southern  Boulevard,  to  Willis  Avenue,  East  132d 
Street  and  Brown  Place. 

A  two-track  subway  beginning  on  private  property  south  of  Southern  Boulevard, 
between  3d  and  Lincoln  Avenues,  thence  under  Harlem  River  to  3d  Avenue  at  East  128th 
Street,  a  four-track  subway  through  3d  Avenue  and  the  Bow-ery  to  Chatham  Square;  a 
two-track  subway  through  New  Bowery.  Pearl  and  Bioad  Streets  to  South,  to  Whitehall 
Streets  and  BatteVy  Park, and  around  present  subway  loop  to  terminal  under  Battery  Park. 
Also  a  two- track  spur  from  3d  Avenue,  near  36th  Street,  through  East  and- West 36th 
Street,  to  Eighth  Avenue. 

Also  a  spur  from  West  36th  Street  to  Seventh  Avenue. 

Also  a  two- track  spur  from  3d  Avenue,  near  35th  Streetto  Seventh  Avenue. 

Also  a  two-track  subway  fx-om  Cbatham  Square  through  Park  Row,  Nassau  and  Broad 

Streets  to  Pearl  Street. 
Route   4— 7th  Avenue.  On  7th  Avenue  a  four-track  subway  from  West  25th  Street,  with  connection 
between  West  43d  Street  and  West  47th  Street  'with  present  subway,  through  Seventh 
Aveime  to  West  59th  Street,  to  Central  Park  West,  at  West  62d  Street;  thence  to  Ma- 
comb's Lane;  a  two-track  loop  under  Macomb's  Lane. 

Also  a  two-track  spur  extending  up  8th  Avenue  from  West  153d  Street  to  West  155th 
Street. 

A  four- track  subway  from  West  62d  Street  through  8th  Avenue  and  Hudson  Street  to 
Chambers  Street. 

Also  a  spur  from  8th  Avenue  and  Greenwich  Avenue  produced,  through  Greenwich 
Avenue  to  Seventh  Avenue  produced. 

A  four-track  subway  from  West  25th  Street  through  Seventh  Avenue  to  Greenwich 
Avenue,  crossing  under  Clinton  Place  and  Washington  Square  to  West  4th  Sti-eet  and 
Wes  t  B  road  way. 

A  four-track  subway  from  West  4th  Street  through  West  Broadway  to  Chambers 
Street. 

A  four-track  subway  from  Chambers  Street,  through  West  Broadway  and  Greenwich 
Street  to  Battery  Park,  with  a  two- track  loop  and  terminal  under  Battery  Park. 

Also  a  one-track  loop  beginning  at  West  Broadway,  near  Chambers  street,  through 
Murray  Street,  Park  Place,  Greenwich  Street,  Barclay  Street  and  West  Broadway  to  ^ 
couueutiou  with  main  route. 


Trifo7'niatlon  About  the   City  of  i^eio    V'orJc.  'ii'S7 


SUBWAY    SYSTEMS    OF    NEW   YORK    CITX —Continued, 


A  two-track  subway,  from  Seventh  Avenue  thrnush  "West 25th  Street  to  T5roji(1way, 
thence  a  four-track  subway  throuich  Broad  way,  5th  Avenue  and  under  Washington  .Sr  uare 
to  West  4th  Street  and  West  Broadway. 

A  four-track  subway  from  Broadway  and  West  25th  Street,  through  Broathrn  r  to 
West  43d  Street,  connecting  with  present  subway  between  4yd  Street  and  46th  Street. 
Route   5— Lexington  Avenue.    A  four-track  subway  tiirough  Lexinfcton  Avenue,  from  Kast  129th 
Street  to  near  42d  Street,  with  a  connection  there  with  present  subway. 

A  four-track:  subway  north  from  Eastl29tli  Street  throuirh  Lexiufjton  Avenue,  under 
the  Harlem;  thence  through  Third  and  Morris  Avenues  to  East  149th  Street,  to  connect 
with  present  subway, 

A  two-track  subway  from  East  129th  Street,  through  Lexington  Avenue»  under  the 
Harlem  to  Park  Avenue,  to  East  156th  Street. 

Also  a  two-track  subway  from  East  149th  Street  and  Park  Avenue  to  Mott  Avenue  an^ 
East  153d  Street;  thence  through  East  153d  Street  to  East  J57th  Street;  thence  unde? 
Cromwell's  Creek  to  Exterior  Street,  to  Jerome  Avenue, to  Sedgwick  Avenue,  to  Eastl64Lh 
Street,  with  loops  at  East  151st  Street  and  East  138th  Streets. 

A  four-track  subway  from  East  42d  Street,  through  Lexington  Avenue,  to  East  37tli 
Street;  thence  two  tracks  tiirough  East  36th  Street  and  5th  Avenue  to  East 34th  Street. 

Also  a  two-track  subway  on  Lexington  Avenue  from  East  36th  Street  through  East 
36tii  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue  to  Madison  Square, Broadway,  Union  Square;  under  Broad- 
way to  Chambers  Street;  thence  a  two-track  subway  under  Broadway,  Vesey  and  Church 
Streets,  Trinit.v  Place  and  Greenwich  Street  to  Battery  Park. 

Also  a  one-track  loop  under  City  Hall  Park  from  Broadway  and  Chambers  Street. 
Route    G— (■34th  Street,  59th  Street).    A  two-track  subway  through  69th  Street,  from  12th  Avenue 
to  terminus  of   the  BlackweU's   Island   Bridge;   thence  crossing  bridge  to  Borough  of 
Queens. 

A  four-track  subway;  from  First  Avenue  through  34th  Street  to  the  Hudson  River, 

A  two- track  subway  in  34th  Street,  near  Second  Avenue,  thence  under  the  East  River 
to  Borden  Avenue  and  Jackson  Avenue  in  Queens. 
Route   7— (■23d  Street,  Crosstown.also  Manhattan  Bridge  Route.)   A  subway  from  river  to  river  on 
23d  Street. 

A  two-track  subway  from  Willoughby  Street  and  Flatbush  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  through 
Flatbush  Avenue  over  Manhattan  Bridge  to  Canal  and  Chrystie  Streets,  Manhattan. 

Also  a  spur  on  Flatbush  Avenue  to  present  subway. 
Route   8— 14th  Street.    A  crosstown,  two-track  subway  on  14th  Street  from  Hudson  River  to  Ninth 
Avenue. 

A  two-track  subway  on  14th  Street,  from  9th  Avenue  to  University  Place. 

A  four-track  subway  on  14th  Street, from  University  Place  to  between  Avenues  B  and 
C,  connecting  with  route  under  the  East  River. 

A  two- track  subway  from  14th  Street  and  9th  Avenue  to  Hudson  Street,  to  Greenwich 
Street,  to  Charlton,  to  Wasliington  at  Spring,  to  Liberty,  to  William,  to  connect  with  the 
line  under  Liberty  Street  and  Maiden  Lane. 

Also  a  one-track  spur  at  Liberty  Street,  to  connect  with  line  on  William  Street,  neaj* 
Cedar. 

A  two-track  subway  from  14th  Street  and  University  Place ;  thence  through  Universit.y 
Place,  Washington  Square  East,  Woosterand  Canal  Streets  to  Lafayette,  to  a  coimectiou 
with  line  on  Centre  Street,  south  of  Canal  Street. 
Fort  Lee  Ferry  Extension— 

A  two- track  addition  to  the  present  subway,  with  the  right  to  add  a  third  track,  begin- 
ning at  Broadway  near  Manhattan  Street;  thence  v,'esterly  on  Manhattan  Street  to  the 
Fort  Lee  Ferry, 
Route  9— Bridge  Loop  System— Beginning  at  Brooklyn  Terminal  of  Williamsburg  Bridge,  thence 
crossing  Bridge  to  Delancey  Street,  tlieuce  a  four- track  subway  through  Delancey  Sii-eet  to 
Bowery;  thence  parallel  witli  Broome  Street  under  private  property  and  intersecting 
Streets  to  Centre;  thence  through  Centre  Street  to  proposed  new  terminal  of  the  Brooklyn 
Bridge. 

Also  two  two-track  spurs  in  Centre  Street,  near  Grand,  running  under  Centre  to  unite  in 
Grand;  thence  throusjh  C-irand,  Varick,  Canal  and  J:)esbrosses  streets  to  Hudson  River. 

Also  two  two-track  spurs  in  Centre,  near  Walker,  under  Centre,  to  unite  in  Walker 
Street;  thence  east  on  Walker,  Harry  Howard  Square  and  Canal  Street  to  Chrystie;  to 
connect  with  Manhattan  Bridge  Route. 

A  four-track  subway  from  Bedford  and  Lafayette  Avenues,  Brooklyn,  through  Bed- 
ford Avenue  to  Broad wa}',  connecting  withBroadway  route  at  terminal  of  Williamsburg 
Bridge. 

Also  suitable  spurs  to  connect  above  lines  with  Lafayette  Avenue  line.  Also  suitable 
spurs  to  connect  above  line  with  Driggs  Avenue  line. 

A  two-track  subway  from  Beekman  Street,  Manhattan,  through  William  Street  and 
Old  Slip  and  under  the  East  River  to  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn,  and  through  Montague 
to  Court  Street. 

Also  suitable  connections  with  line  under  Maiden  Lane  at  William  Street. 

Beginning  at  Broadway  and  Lafayette  Avenue.  Brookl.vn  ;  thence  a  four-track  subway 
through  Broadway  to  the  Brooklyn  terminal  of  the  Williamsburg  Bridge. 

Also  a  spur  at  Throop  Avenue,  to  connect  witli  Union  Avenue  line. 

A  four-track  subway  from  Fulton  and  .loralemon  Streets,  under  Fulton  to  Myrtle  Ave- 
nue, thence  one  branch  connecting  with  Montague  Street  and  one  couuectiug  with  Fulton 
Street. 

Also  a  spur  to  connect  with  present  subway  on  Fulton  Street,  near  Joralemon  Street 

A  four-truck  subway  from  Lafayette  A  venue,  through  Fulton  Street,  Flatbush  Avenue 
estended,  private  property,  Willoughby  Street  and  private  property  to  Fulton  Street. 

Two  additional  tracks  on  Fulton  Street  and  Flatbush  Avenue,  to  4th  Avenue. 

A  two-track  subway  on  Lafayette  Avenue,  from  Fulton  Street,  to  Flatbush  Avenue, 
to  connect  with  present  subway. 

Beginning  at  William  and  Beekman  Streets,  Manhattan,  a  two -track  subway  through 
?»eekman  and  under  East  River  to  Cranberry  Street,  Brooklyn;  thence  to  Fulton  to  Piue- 
ai?ple  Street, 


788  Information  About  the   City  of  N'ew    York. 


SUBWAY    SYSTEMS    OF    NEW    YORK    CITY— Contmurd. 


Also  a  two-track  subway  from  William  to  Beekman,  and  City  Hall  Park  to  City  HaU 
loop  of  present  subway. 

Beginning  at  William  and  Liberty  Streets,  :Manhattan,  a  two-track  subway  thTough 
Libertj'  and  Maiden  Lane  under  i:ast  Paver  to  Pineapple  Street,  iu  Brooklyn;  thence 
through!  Pineapple  S'ret-i  to  Pulton. 

Beginning  at  Pineapple  and  Pulton,  Brooklyn,  a  two-track  subway  through  Fulton 
to  Court  Street. 

Beginning  at  Fulton,  a  four-track  subway  through  Lafayette  Avenue  to  Stu>'vesant 
Avenue. 

Also  two  spurs  from  Lafayette  Avenue  to  connect  with  line  on  Bedford  Avenue. 

A  four-track  subway  on  iJroadway,  from  Lafayette  Avenue  to  Pulton  Street,  to  con- 
nect with  lines  under  Georgia  and  Lafayette  Avenues. 

A  two-track  subway  on  Gates  Avenue,  from  Bedford  and  Gates  Avenues  to  Broadway. 

A  two-track  subway  on  Bedford  Avenue,  from  Lafayette  Avenue  to  Quiucy  Street. 

A  two-track  subway  from  Bedford  Avenue  and  Quincy  Street,  on  Bedford  to  Eastern 
Parkwav,  to  connect  with  line  under  Eastern  Parkway. 
Route  10— (Brooklvn,  E.  1).  lloutes).    Beginning  in  North  7th  Street,  near  Union  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 
thence  a  four-track  sub svaj' through  Korth  7th  Street  and  under  East  Elver  to  East  14Lh 
Street,  Manhattan. 

Also  two  spurs  from  North  7th  Street,  to  connect  with  line  on  Driggs  Avenue, 
Brooklyn.  ,       ,. 

Beginning  at  Kosciusko  Street  and  Stuyvesant  Avenue,  Brooklyn ;  a  four-track  subway 
through  Stuyvesant,  Bushvvick  and  Metropolitan  Avennes,  to  North  7th  Street,  near 
Union  Avenue. 

Also  a  spur  from  Kosciusko  Street  and  Stuyvesant  Avenue  to  connect  with  Imeon 
Lafayette  Avenue. 

A  two-track  subway  on  Lafayette  Avenue,  from  Stuyvesant  Avenue  to  Broadway, 
through  Kossuth  Place  to  Stanhope  Street;  to  Cypress  Avenue  to  Palmetto  Street. 

Beginning  at  Broadway  and  Haveuieyer  Street,  Brooklyn,  thence  a  four-trat-k  subway 
through  the  Williamsburg  Bridge  Plaza;  thence  through  Driggs  Avenue  to  North  7th 
Street,  with  spurs  connecting  with  route  on  North  7th  Street;  thence  a  two-track  subway 
through  Driggs  Avenue  and  Wiliiamsijurg  Park  to  Manhattan  Avenue,  to  Dupont. street. 
to  Manhattan  Avenue,  to  Jackson  Avenue,  to  Bogers  Street  and  Skillman  Avenue,  to 
connect  with  Black  well's  Island  Bridge. 

A  four-track  subway  from  Union  Avenue  and  Broadwaj^  through  Union  Avenue  to 
North  7th  Street. 
Route  11— (Fourth  Avenue.   Brooklyn).     On  4th  Avenue  a  four-track  subway  from  Dean  Street 
to  Fort  Hamilton. 

Also  a  two-track  spur  from  4tli  Avenue  and  Dean  Street,  to  connect  with  nne  on 
Flatbush  Avenue.  ,  ,        ^  ., 

Also  a  two- track  spur  from  37th  Street,  to  connect  with  South  Brooklyn  Railroad 
Company. 

Also  a  two- track  spur  from  63d  Street,  to  connect  with  Sea  Beach  Bad  way. 

A  four-track  subway  from  Dean  Street  and  4th  Avenue,  thence  under  4th  Avenue, 
Atlantic  Avenue,  Court  Street,  to  line  on  Montague  Street. 

Also  a  two- track  spur  from  Court  and  Remsen  Streets,  to  connect  with  line  on  Fulton 
Street. 

Also  a  two-track  spur  from  Atlantic  Avenue,  between  3d  and  4th  Avenues,  under 
Atlantic,  to  connect  with  line  on  Flatbush  Avenue. 

A  four-track  subway  from  Dean  Street  and  4th  Avenue,  under  4th,  Atlantic  and 
Flatbush  Avenues  through  Ashland  Place,  to  connect  with  line  on  Fulton  Street. 

Also  a  two-track  spur  from  Lafayette  Avenue  and  South  Elliott  Place,  through 
Lafavette  Avenue,  to  connect  at  Ashland  Place. 

Also  suitable  one-track  spurs  from  4th  Avenue,  to  connect  with  lines  under  Pacific 
Street  and  Dean  Street. 
Bensonhurst,  Bath  Beach  and  Coney  Island  Route— 

A  four-track  subway  from  o6th  Street  and  4th  Avenue;  on  4th  Avenue  to  40tli  Street; 
to  New  Utrecht  Avenue;  to  8uth  Street;  to  half  way  between  Bay  34th  and  Bay  3oth 
Streets,  where  the  ro:id  emerges  from  the  ground  and  continues  thence  on  an  eievated 
structure  on  86th  street  tonear  Bay  41st  Street ;  to  still  well  Avenue:  with  a  two- track  loop 
through  Stillwpll  Avenue.  West  15th  street  and  Surf  Avenue,  back  toStillwell  Avenue. 
Route  12— Eastern  Parkwav,  Brooklyn.  A  two- track  subway  from  Flatbush  Avenue  tlirongh 
Eastern  Parkway  to  Howard  Avenue,  with  a  spur  connecting  with  Brighton  Beach  Rail- 
road, and  also  a'spur  to  Bedford  Avenue  line. 

Beginning  at  Pitkin  and  Howard  Avenues,  a  two-track  subway  through  Pitkm  Avenue 
to  Alabama  Avenue. 

Beginning  at  Pitkin  and  Alabama  Avenues,  thence  a  two-track  subway  through 
Georgia  Avenue,  to  Fulton  Street  at  Broadway  and  Jan^iaica  Avenue. 

Beginning  at  Pitkin  Avenue,  at  East  New  York  Avenue  and  Howard  Avenue,  thence 
a  two-track  subway  to  Grafton  Street,  to  Hunterfly  Road,  to  Amboy  Street,  to  Blake 
Aveuue,  to  Georgia  Avenue,  to  Glenmore  Avenue. 

A  two- track  rfubwav  on  Flatbush  Avenue,  commencing  at  Prospect  Park  Plaza,  west- 
erly on  Flatbush  Avenue  to  between  Berijeuand  Dean  Streets;  thence  one  track  through 
Dean  Street  to  4th  Avenue,  and  one  track  continuing  through  Flatbush  Avenue  and 
Pacific  Street  to  4th  Avenue. 
Route  13— (Jamaica  Avenue,  Brooklyn.  >  Beeinning  at  Broadway,  Fulton  Street  and  .Jamaica  Ave- 
nue; thence  a  four- track  subway,  through  Jamaica  Avenue  to  Jamaica  Village  at  Grand 
S'-reet.  -     .^-^  ^^       ^      ^ 

Route  14— (Broadway,  Kingsbridge  Extension.)    An  extension  of  the  present  road  with  three  tracks 

from  Kingsbridge  through  Broadway  to  Van  Cortlandt  Park.  .    . 

Route  15— (Jerome  Avenue,  Bronx.)  Beginningat  easterly  end  of  railroad  bridge  of  Putnam  Division, 
of  Central  Railroad,  and  connecting  with  tracks  on  same;  thence  continuing  two  traces 
beneath  the  ridge  East  to  l(>2d  Street,  near  Ogden  Avenue;  thence  through  East  102d 
Street  to  near  Jerome  Avenue ;  thence  emerging  to  the  surface  a  three-track  elevated  roaa 
alonsr  Jerome  Avenue  to  Clarke  Place. 


Information  About  the   City  of  ITew    York. 


?89 


■  '^^- 


SUBWAY    SYSTEMS    OF    NEW    YORK    QITY—Conlinued. 


From  154th  Street  and  8th  Avenue,  a  two-track  subway  under  8th  Avenue  and  the 
Harlem  River  to  East  162(1  Street,  near  O^deu  Avenue;  thence  at  a  lower  level  alOMg 
East  162d  Street  to  Anderson  Avenue  to  Jerome  Avenue,  to  East  165th  Slffet. 

BesriuninEf  at  Jerome  Avenue  and  East  16Ist  Street,  thence  a  four-track  subv7ay 
through  Jerome  Avenue  to  Woodlawu  Road,  opposite  Woodlawn  Cemetcny. 

Begianin?  in  Ea'st  153d  Street,  near  Cromwell  Avenue;  thpnce  a  two-track  sribway 
through  East  153d  Street,  uuder  Crorawell  Creek  to  Jerome  Avenue,  near  Ease  16>jtb 
Street. 

Route  16— (Bronx  Avenue  "L").  A  three- track  elevated  road  on  Jerome  Avenue,  from  Clarke. 
Place  to  Woodlawu  Road,  opposite  Woodlawn  Cemetery. 

Route  17— (Bronx  and  Crosstown).  A  two-irack  subway  beginning  at  138th  Street  and  3d  Avenue; 
theuce  west  through  138th  Street  to  Gerard  Aveuue,  to  Jerome  Avenue,  at  Clarke  Place, 
to  a  connection  with  an  elevated  line,  as  well  as  a  subway  line  uuder  Jerome  Aveuue. 

Route  18- (Mount  Vernon  Extension).  Beginning  at  East  177th  Street  at  "West  Farms  Road,  at 
which  a  connection  can  be  made  with  present  subway;  thence  a  two-truck  elevated  Road 
across  Bronx  River;  thence  a  three-track  elevated  road  on  West  Farms  Road,  Morris 
Park  Avenue,  Bronx  Park  East,  and  White  Plains  Road  to  East  241st  Street. 

Route  19— (We'^tcbester  Extension).  Beginning  at  Lincoln  Aveuue  and  East  138th  Street,  a  three- 
track  subway  on  138th  Street  to  Southern  Boulevard,  thence  a  three-track  elevated  nnid 
on  Southern  Boulevard  to  Westchester  Aveiuie;  throujjh  the  Village  of  Westchester,  to 
the  intersection  of  the  westerly  side  of  the  Eastern  Boulevard. 

The  McAdoo  syndicate  now  merged  into  Pennsylvania  RR.  interests,  is  btiilding  two  sets  of  twin 
tubes  under  the  Hudson.  One  is  from  the  Pennsylvania  terminal  at  Montgomery  Street,  Jersey  Ciiy, 
to  Cortlandt  Street, Manhattan,  where  a  twenty- two  story  terminal  is  now  going  up.  These  tubes  arn  to 

connect,  underground,  at  Cortla,ndt 
Street,  with  the  Broadway  subway. 
The  other  set  of  twin  tubes  is  befng 
bored  from  Jersey  City,  from  a  point 
between  the  Erie  and  Lackawanna 
terminals,  to  Morton  Street,  in  Man- 
hattan. The  tulles  to  Morton  Street 
are  bored.  Those  to  Corilandt  Stree 
are  underway,  and  more  than  half 
finished.  In  Jersey  City  they  couje 
to  the  surface  south  of  the  Heights 
and  connect  with  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad.  There  is  to  be  a  subway  in 
Jersey  City,  joining  the  two  sets  of 
McAdoo  tubes  there.  It  is  said  noth- 
ing heavier  than  steel  tr«lleys  witl  be 
operated  in  either  set  of  tubes,  the 
trolleys  to  connect  in  Jersey  \Yith  the 
various  steam  and  electric  lines. 

TheMcAdoo  syndicateis  also  build- 
ing a  subway  in  Manhattan,  to  con- 
nect its  upper  set  of  tubes  with  traffic 
over  there.  The  stibway  has  been 
built  through  Christopher  Street  to 
and  some  distance  up  along  6th 
Avenue,  whence  it  is  to  eud  at  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  terminal  at 
31st  Street.  A  brancii  is  to  be  con- 
structed from  Christopher  Street 
through  9tli  Street  to  4ih  Avenue, 
where  it  will  connect  with  the  luter- 
borougb  subway. 

The'Pen  nsylvania  is  tunnelling  the 
Hudson  and  the  East  Rivers  at  31st 


TUN> ELIDING  OPEliATlOXS  IN  NEW  YORK. 

(^Tunnels  under  construction  are  shown. in  heavy  black  lines.) 


g     Street,  and  is  connecting  the  river 


tubes  with  a  subway  across  Manhat- 
tan which  will  enable  it  to  run  trains 
direct  frotn  Jersey  under  this  city  to 
Long  Island  City,  and  thence  north 
by  an  immense  bridge  over  theui)per 
Ea'Jt  River  to  the  Bronx. and  so  on 
north  and  east.  The  tubes  under  the 
Hudson  and  those  under  the  East 
River  are  completed. 


^Ijt  cSulJluas  lit  ^cta  ¥orft  (^itg. 


The  following  table  shows 
of  Vae  Subway  extending  from 

Eength    of    road 

Miles   of  track 

Roa.d    in    operation 

Viaduct    road 

Tunnel 

Subway    proper 

Total    cost 

Cost   of  equipment 

Time    of   building 

peaths  by  accidents 


the  length  of 
the  City  Hall 

20.81  miles. 
64.61. 

9  miles. 

5V>  miles. 

4   miles. 
11  Vt  miles. 
$40,000. 000. 
$18,000,000. 
4  yrs.   7  mos. 
50. 


road,  cost,  time  of  building,  etc., 
to  145th  Street: 

Steel   beams   and   girders 

Average  number  of  employees. 

Year  of  first  plan " 

Mayor  Hewitt's  bill 

First    commission 

Present  commission 

Contract  awarded 

T^'■o•rk  started 

Opened 


of  the  portion 

G2.000   tons. 

4.000. 

l.sGS, 

1SS.8. 

1801. 

1894. 

Jan.    15.    1900. 

Mar.  24,  ir,00. 

Oct.  27.  1004. 


m^ 


Tjifoi'mation  About  the   City  of  Kew    Too'h. 


The  leg-al  rate  of  fare,  of  which  an  official  copy  shall  be  furnished  by  the  Bureau  of  Licenses,  and 
carried  by  every  licensed  cabman,  shall  be  as  follows: 

Mileage  rates  charged  for  general  driving. 
Cabs— 

For  one  mile  or  any  part  thereof »» » $0.50 

For  each  additional  half  mile  or  part  thereof 0.  '25 

For  any  stop  over  five  minutes  in  a  trip,  for  every^fifteen  minutes  or  fraction  thereof. . .        -25 

Coacbes— 

For  one  mile  or  any  part  thereof $1.00 

For  each  additional  half  mile  or  part  thereof 60 

For  any  stop  over  five  minutes  in  a  trip,  for  every  fifteen  minutes  or  fraction  thereof.  .40 

Hourly  Rates.— These  hourly  rates,  except  by  special  agreement, are  to  apply  only  to  shopping 
or  calling,  and  .'shall  not  include  park  or  road  driving,  nor  driving  for  more  than  three  miles  from 
the  starting  point: 

Cab.s— For  one  hour  or  any  part  thereof,  $1.00;  For  each  additional  half  hour  or  part  thereof  50c. 
Coaches— For  one  hour  or  an;- part  thereof,  $1.50;   For  each  additional  half  hour  or  any  part 
thereof,  7oc. 

Xo  hactnian  shall  demand  more  than  the  legal  rates  of  fare  or  charge  for  one  stop  not  over  five 
minutes  in  a  single  trip. 

No  hack  shall  be  driven  by  the  time  rate  at  a  pace  less  than  five  miles  an  hour. 

Line  balls,  foroneor  two  passengers,  $2  for  first  mile  or  part  thereof,  and  $1  for  each  additional 
mile  or  part  thereof.    Each  additional  passenger,  50  cents. 

One  piece  of  baggage,  not  to  exceed  50  pounds  in  weight,  shall  be  carried  on  a  hack  without  extra 
charge.    Additional  baggage  carried,  25  cents  per  piece. 

In  all  cases  where  the  hiring  of  a  hack  is  not  specified  in  advance  to  be  hj  time,  it  shall  be  deemed 
to  be  by  distance,  and  for  any  detention  exceeding  fifteen  minutes  the  hackman  may  demand  addi- 
tional compensation  at  the  rate  of  $1  per  hour. 

REGULATIONS. 

Any  carriage  kept  for  hire  shall  be  deemed  a  public  hack,  and  a  carriage  intended  to  seat  two 
persons  inside  shall  be  deemed  a  cab,  and  a  carriage  intended  to  seat  more  than  two  persons  inside 
shall  be  deemed  a  coach,  and  the  term  hackman  shall  be  deemed  to  include  owner  or  driver,  or  both. 

Every  license  hack,  except  snch  as  are  specially  licensed,  shall  be  provided  with  a  suitable  lamp 
on  each  side,  and  shall  have  securely  fastened  across  the  middle  of  the  outside  of  each  lamp  a  metal 
band  not  less  than  two  inches  in  width,  out  of  which  the  official  number  of  the  license  shall  be  cut 
afterthe  manner  of  a  stencil  plate,  the  component  figures  of  such  numbers  to  be  not  less  than  one 
and  one-half  inches  in  height,  and  the  style  of  the  whole  to  be  approved  by  the  Mayor  or  Chief  of 
the  Bureau  of  Licenses.  Every  licensed  hack  shall  have  the  oflacial  number  of  the  license  legibly 
engraved  or  embossed  upon  a  metal  plate  and  affixed  inside,  as  designated  and  approved  by  the 
Mayor  or  Chief  of  the  Bui-eau  of  Licenses,  and  no  licensed  hack  shall  carry  or  have  affixed  to  it,  inside 
or  outside,  any  number  except  the  official  number  as  aforesaid. 

Every  licensed  hackman,  immediately  after  the  termination  of  any  hiring  or  employment,  must 
carefully  search  such  hack  for  any  property  lost  or  left  therein,  and  any  such  property,  imless  sooner 
claimed  or  delivered  to  the  owner,  must  be  taken  to  the  nearest  police  station  and  deposited  with  the 
officer  in  charge  within  twenty- four  hours  after  the  finding  thereof;  and  in  addition  a  written  notice, 
with  brief  particulars  aud  description  of  the  property,  must  be  forwarded  at  once  to  the  Bureau  of 
Licenses. 

Every  licensed  hackman  shall  have  the  right  to  demand  payment  of  the  legal  fare  in  advance,  and 
may  refuse  employment  unless  so'  prepaid,  but  no  licensed  hackman  shall  otherwise  refuse  or  neglect 
to  convey  any  orderly  person  or  persons,  upon  request,  anywhere  in  the  city,  unless  previously 
engaged  or  unable  so  to  do.  No  licensed  hackman  shaU  carry  any  other  person  than  the  passenger 
flrstemploying  a  hack  without  the  consent  of  said  passenger. 

Distances  in  iUanJiattrtn,— Battery  to  City  Hall,  ^  mile;  Citv  Hall  to  Houston  St.,  1  mile; 
City  Hall  to  Nineteenth  St.,  2  miles;  Avenue  Blocks.  20,  Street  Block.s,  7,  are  deemed  1  mile. 

Disputes  as  to  rates  and  distances  mav  he  settled  by  the  police,  or  complaints  may  be  made  to  the 
EL.ECTRIC  TAXAJ>rETEK  SEliVICE.— Hansom  or  Coup6  may  be  hailed  and  engaged 
on  the  street  when  the  flag  is  up.  First  half  mile,  30  cents;  each  quarter  mile  thereafter,  10  cents; 
each  six  minutes  waiting.  10  cents ;  for  sending  cab  to  address,  per  mile  or  fraction,  20  cents.  Office 
Eighth 'Avenue  and  Forty-ninth  Street,  New  York. 


Hicense  S'ttn  in  pianl&attau  antr  tlje  iJroJtt, 


Hoist,  General.. 


(BUREAU  OF  LICENSES,  CITY  HALL,  NEW  YORK.) 


$25. 0 ( » I D  r i ve r $0 .  f j 0 

renewal 12.50       *'       renewal 25 

•*       Special 1.00  Stand,  Elevated  R.R 10.00 

Ticket  Speculator 50.00  Common  show 25.00 

"               "          renewal  25.00              "              renewal....  12.50 

Peddler,  Horse  &  Wagon . .      8.00, Shooting  Gallerv 5.00 

■"                   "       renew' 1  4.00                 "            "  renewal.  2.50 

"        Pushcart 4.00'3owling  Alley 6,00 

•*                "       renewal.  2.00|              "             renewal...  2.50 

Basket 2. 00, Billiard  Table 3.00 

"            "        renewal....  1.00               "              renewal...  1.50 

Express 5.00'Gutterbridge 1,00 

renewal 2.50,  Hand  Organ 1,00 


PublicCart 2,00 


Public  Porter 1,00 


renewal 1.00  "  renewal 25 

Dirt  Cart 1.00  Pawnbroker 500.00 

"         renewal 50;Second-haud  Dealer 25.00 

Express  Driver 50  "  renewal.    12.50 

"  renewal...         25  JunkShop 20.00 

I  _   "         renewal 10.00 


Junk  Boat. 

'*         renewal 

Junk  Cart 

'*  renewal 

Special  Hack  Stand 

Special  Coach 

"  renewal 

Public  Coach 

' '  renewal 

Special  Cab 

"  renewal 

PublicCab 

"  renewal 

Hack  Driver 

"  renewal 

Stand,  Newspaper. 

Fruit 

Newsp'per  &  Fruit 
Bootblack,  Chair. . 


$5.00 
2.50 
5.00 
2.50 

25.00 
5.00 
2.50 
3.00 
1.50 
3.00 
1.50 


00 

00 

50 

25 

5.00 

10.00 

15.00 

5.00 


Information  About  the.  City  of  Kew  Yorh.\  791 

Urttrcjcs  i\\  aiitr  .^ijout  tijc  (tii^  of  Nctu  ¥ortt* 

BROOKLYN    BRIDGE. 

The  bridge  connecting  Manhattan  and  Brooklyn  over  Hie  East  River  from  Park  Bow,  Manhattan, 
to  Sands  and  Washington  Streets,  Brooklyn,  was  becrnii  January  8, 1870,  and  opened  to  traffic  May 
24, 1883.    Total  cost  of  the  bridge  to  December  1, 1897,  about  $21,000,000. 

The  tolls  are:  For  foot  passengers,  free;  railway  fare,  3  cents  or  2  tickets  for  5  cents;  one  horse,  3 
cents;  one  horse  and  vehicle,  5  cents;  two  horses  and  vehicle,  10  cent-s;  each  extra  horse  above  two 
attached  to  vehicle,  3  cents;  bicycles,  free.  On  July  1,  1898,  the  brids:e  railway  was  lea.sed  to  the 
elevated  railroad  companies  (now  operated  by  the  Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit),  paying  therefor  S250 
per  day;  trolley  cars,  5  cents  per  round  trip.  Abontl20,000  surface  cars  cross  the  bridge  each  month. 
The  carriageways  are  under  control  of  the  Bridge  Commissioner,  and  about  $60,000  per  annum  is 
derived  from  this  source. 

The  following  are  tlie  statistics  of  the  structure  t  Width  of  bridge,  85  feet.  Length  of  river  span, 
1,595  feet  6  inches.  Length  of  each  land  span,  930  feet.  Length  of  Brooklyn  approach,  998  teet. 
Length  of  New  York  approach,  1,562  feet 6  inches.  Totallength of  carriagevvay,  6,016  feet.  Total 
length  of  the  bridge,  with  extensions,  7,580  feet. 

Size  of  Manhattan  caisson,  172  x  102  feet.  Size  of  Brooklyn  caisson,  168  x  102  feet.  Timber  and 
iron  in  caisson,  5,253  cubic  yards.  Concrete  in  well  holes,  chambers,  etc. ,  5,669  cubic  feet.  Weight 
of  Manhattan  caisson,  about  7,000  tons.   Weight  of  concrete  filling,  about  8,000  tons. 

Manhattan  tower  contains  46,945  cubic  yards  masonry.  Brooklyn  tower  contains  38,214  cubic 
yards  masonry.  Depth  of  tower  foundation  below  high  water,  Brooklyn,  45  feet.  Depth  of  tower 
foundation  below  high  water,  Manhattan,  78  feet.  Size  of  towers  at  high  water  line,  140x59  feet. 
Size  of  towers  at  roof  course,  136  x  53  feet.     Total  height  of  towers  above  hisrh  water,  278  feet. 

Clear  height  of  bridge  in  centre  of  river  span  above  high  water  at  90°  F. ,  135  feet.  Height  of 
floor  at  towers  above  his:li  water,  119  feet  3  inches. 

Grade  of  roadway,  3>^^  feet  in  100  feet.  Height  of  towers  above  roadway,  159  feet.  Size  of  an- 
chorage at  base,  129  x  119  feet.  Size  of  anchorage  at  top,  117  x  104  feet.  Height  of  anchorages,  89 
feet  front,  85  feet  rear.     Weight  of  each  anchor  plate,  23  tons. 

Number  of  cables,  4.  Diameter  of  each  cable,  15%  inches.  Length  of  each  single  wire  in  cables, 
3,578  feet  6  inches.  Ultimate  strength  of  each  cable,  12,000  tons.  Weight  of  wire,  12  feet  per  pound. 
Kach  cable  cf)ntains  5,296  parallel  (not  twisted)  galvanized  steel,  oil-coated  wires,  closely  wrapped  to 
a  solid  cylinder,  15%  inches  in  diameter.    Permanent  weight  suspended  from  cables,  14,680  tons. 

NEW    YORK    AND    NEW    JERSEY    BRIDGE. 

Cmnml&sirme.rs—'F.'^,  Devoe.  R.  Somers  Hayes,  Isidor  Straus.  As^s^istant Secretory— Q\\a.x\^^  H. 
Swan.  Commissioners'  office,  29  Broadway,  Manhattan.  The  Commissioners  of  the  New  York 
and  New  Jersey  Bridge  and  the  Sinking  Fund  Commissioners  of  the  City  of  New  York  selected 
a  location  midway  between  49th  and  51st  Streets,  Manhattan.  And  the  State  Commissioners  have 
located  a  freight  approach  along  the  marginal  wharf,  or  place,  5  feet  west  of  the  westerly  line  of  West 
Street,  v.ith  power  of  the  Dock  Department  saying  what  docks  and  turnouts  shall  be  built  upon  in 
order  that  cars  can  be  loaded  from  ships  without  extra  handling.  The  maximum  length  of  span 
is  2,731  feet.  Guaranteed  cost  of  the  bridge  is  $20, 000,000,  and  will  be  a  double-deck  bridge,  as 
approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War  July  3d,  1900,  for  trolley  and  steam  traffic.  The  law  provides 
that  the  bridge  must  be  completed  within  ten  years.  The  Union  Bridge  Company  has  made  a  con- 
tract with  the  companies  to  construct  tlie  bridge  within  six  years  from  the  time  it  commences  work, 
and  gave  a  bond  of  $1,000,000  for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  contract.  It  is  intended  to  begin 
workof  construction  when  the  freight  approaches  to  the  bridge  have  been  approved  by  the  Sinking 
Fund  Commissioners  of  New  York  City, 

WILLIASViSBURO   (NEW    EAST    RIVER)    BRIDGE. 

The  tower  foundations  for  the  bridge  in  Manhattan  are  at  the  foot  of  Delaiicey  Slip,  andin  Brooklyn  at  a  point  between  South 
Fifth  and  South  Sixth  Streets.  The  briiljre  ends  at  Clinton  Street  in  Manhattan,  and  at  Havemeyer  Street  in  Brooklyn.  The 
dimensions  of  the  bridge  are  as  follows:  Main  span,  1,600  ft.;  entire  bridge,  between  terminals,  7,'j"5  ft.;  width  of  bridge,  118  It.; 
minimum  height  of  bridge  above  mean  hisrh  water,  135  ft.;  height  of  centre  of  cables  at  top  of  towers  above  mean  high  water,  332 
ft.  8^  in.;  width  of  carriage  ways,  each  20  ft.;  width  of  two  foot-walks,  each  10)^  ft.;  width  of  two  bicycle  paths,  each  7  ft.; 
width  of  four  trolley-car  tracks,  centre  to  centre,  9^  ft.;  width  of  two  elevated  railroad  tracks,  centre  to  centre,  11  ft.  Kew 
York  side — North  caisson,  55  ft.  below  low  watermark;  south  caisson,  66  ft.  Brooklyn  side — North  caisson.  In?. 5  ft.  below  low 
watermark;  south  caisson,  91.9  ft.  The  tower  foundations  are  23  ft.  above  high  watermark  and  the  towers  that  are  placed  on 
tnp  of  them  are  made  of  steel.  The  cost  is  about  $12,000,000,  exclusive  of  real  estate.  The  biidge  was  opened  to  the  public  in 
December,  1903. 

PROPOSED    BRIDGES    OVER    THE    EAST    RIVER. 

Manhattan  Bridge  (No.  3).  Work  of  construction  of  tower  foundation  in  Brooklyn  commenced 
August  29,  1901.  The  construction  of  the  anchorages,  the  towers,  cables  and  the  suspended  super- 
structure is  now  under  way.    Title  to  land  vested  in  the  city  September  14.  1901. 

Blackwell's  Island  Bridge  (No.  4).    Plans  approved  by  the  War  Department,  February  23,  1901. 
Ordinance   providing  for  the  issue  of  stock  to  the  extent  of  $550,000  siirned  by  the  Mayor,  ISIay  21, 
1901.  Title  to  land  vested  in  the  city  December  22.  1901.    Work  of  constructing  the  piers  commenced 
J  uly  19,  1901.     The  construction  of  the  cantilever  spans  is  in  progress. 

ACROSS  THE  HARLEM  RIVER,  SPUYTEN  DUYVIL  CREEK,  AND  SHIP  CANAL. 


Willis  Ave Over  Harlem  River 

Second  Avenue " 

Third  Avenue *' 

Park  Ave.  and  133d  St.... " 

Madison  Avenue "  " 

Lenox  Ave.,  145th  St *'  *' 

Macomb's  Dam "  " 

Eighth  Ave *' 


it  ti 


t  % 


University  Heights,  184rh  St,   (Bronx  side)  to 

209th  St.  (Manhattan  side) 
W.173dSt.(HiErhB'dgeAque't),OverHarlemBiver 
W.  181st  St.(VV ash.  Bridge)...    "  " 

Fordhum  Heights •'  " 

West  224th  Street... . Over  Spuyteu  Duyvil  Creels 

Broadway '*  "^ 

King'sB'ridge "  *'    " 


High  Bridge,  over  which  the  Croton  water  of  the  old  aqueduct  passes,  is  1,460  feet  long,  supported 
by  13  arches  on  granite  piers,  the  highest  arch  being  116  feet  above  water  level.  Washington  Bridge, 
at  10th  Avenue  and  West  ISlst  Street,  is  2,400  feet  long  and  80  feet  wide.  The  central  arches  are 
610  feet  each,  and  135  feet  above  high  water- 


792  Information  About  the   City  of  New    York. 

ffixt  Btpartmcnt  in  Ntto  ¥ori&  (^itfi* 

(December,  1907. ) 

T.^BLE  showing  number  of  firemen  in  active  service  in  New  York  City,  and  tlie  salaries  they  re- 
ceive: 


Manhattan,  Beonx  and  Richmond. 

Salary. 

Brooklyn  and  Queens. 

Sal.iry. 

1  Chief  of  Department 

$7,oog 

4.200 
3,300 
2,160 
1,800 
1,000 
1.400 
1.200 
1.000 
800 
800 

7  DeiJutv  Chiefs 

S4.20(3 
3.300 

7  Deputy  Chiefs  of  Department 

28  Chipfs'of  Battalion 

30  Chiefs  of  Battalion 

105  Foremen  or  Captains 

2.160 

134  Foremen  or  Captains 

136  Assistant  Foreran. 1 

1.80;) 

204  Assistant  Foremen  or  Lieut' ants. 

196  Fngineers  of  Steamers 

1, 000 

242  Engineers  of  steamere 

812  Firemen  1st  Grade 

1.400 

1,082  Firemen  1st  Grade 

92          "         2d        "     

1  200 

202         "         2d        "     

108          "         3(1        "     . 

1  000 

205         "        3d        "     

61         "        4th       "    

Making  a  total  of  uniformed  force,  4.086. 

800 

365          "         4th      "     

69  >ren  on  Probation 

Pursuant  to  the  pi-ovisions  of  Section  790,  Chapter  466,  laws  of  1903,  Greater  New  York  Charter, 
all  uniformed  members  of  the  Fire  Department  are  entitled  to  retire  at  the  expiration  of  twenty 
years'  continuous  service  on  a  pension  equal  to  one-half  of  the  salary  they  may  be  receiving  at  the 
time  of  their  application.  The  Fire  Commissioner  also  has  the  power  to  retire  members  of  the  de- 
partment who,  from  any  cause,  are  found  to  be  unable  to  perform  active  duty  in  the  department.  If 
thedisability  occurs  from  injuries  wliile  in  the  discharge  of  dutj',  the  pension  must  equal  one-half  of 
the  salary ;  if  from  natural  causes,  the  Fire  Commissioner  can  decide  upon  the  amount  of  the  pension. 


Sixt  ISnfjiut  (Companies,  Jl^aufjattau  antr  JJront% 


1-165  W.  29th  St. 

2-530  W.  43d  St, 

3-417  \V.  17th  St. 

4—119  Maiden  Lane. 

5-340  E.  14th  St. 

6—113  Liberty  St. 

7  — OiianeSt.nearB'way 

8-165  E.  51st  St. 

9—55  E.  Broadway. 
10 -8  Stone  St. 
ll-4o7  E.  Houston  St. 
12-261  William  St. 
13-99  Wooster  St. 
14-14  E.  18th  St. 
15-269  Henrv  St. 
16-223  E.  25th  St. 
17-91  Ludlow  St. 
18-132  W.  10th  St. 
19  -355  W.  25th  St. 
10-47  Marion  St. 
22-216  E.  40th  St. 
22-159  E.  85th  St. 
23-235  W.  58th  St. 
24—78  :\tortou  St. 
25  -342  5th  St. 
26-220  W.  37th  St. 


(Headquarters,  157  and 
27— 173  Franklin  St. 
28-604  E.  11th  St. 
29-160  Chambers  St. 
.30-280  Spring  St. 
31-Elm,  cor.  White  St. 
32—108  John  St. 
33—42  Great  Jones  St. 
34-440  W.  33d  St 
35-223  E.  119th  St. 
36-1849  Park  Ave. 
37—83  Lawrence  St. 
38—1907  Amsterdam  Ave. 
39-157  E.  67th  St. 
40—156  W.  68th  St. 
41-572  E.  150th  St. 
42-1192  Fulton  Ave. 
43— Sedgwick  Ave.,  opp. 

Burnside  Ave. 
44-221  E.  75th  St. 
45—1187  Tremont  Ave. 
46- E.  176th.  n.Park  Ave. 
47-502  W.  113th  St. 
48—2504  Webster  Ave. 
49— Blackwell's  Island. 
50—749  E.  166th  St., 
1  3d  Ave. 


159  East  Sixty- .seventh  Street.) 


51— Ft.  E.  99th  St.  (Boat).  j67- 


52— Iliv^'rdale  Ave. ,  near  68 
Spuyten  Du yvil  69— 
Parkwav. 
53-175  E.  104th  St  70-1 

54-304  W.  47th  St.  71 

55—363  Broome  St.  72 

56-120  W.  83d  St.  73 

57— Pierl  N.R.(FireBoat) 
58-81  W.  115th  St.  74- 

59-180  W.  137th  St.  75- 

60-606  E.  137th  St.  76- 

61— Main  St.,  near  Arno  77 

Place.  Westchester. 
62— White   Plains    Ave.,  j78 
near    Juliana     St.,  ,79 
Williamsbridge. 
63— WestchesterAve.  bet.'SO 
Fulton  St.  &  White  81 
Pl.aius  Ave.,  Wake- 1 
field. 
64— 12th   St.,  Unionport,  ,82 

bet.  Aves.  C  &  D. 
65-33  W.  43d  St .  83- 

nearjee— Ft.  Grand  St.,  E.  R. 

i  (Fire  Boat).  84-1 


518  W.  170th  St. 
1116  0K(leu  Ave. 
233d    St.,    near    Ka- 

tonah  Ave. 
Scotield  Avp.,CitvIsL 
1.59th  St.  &  Piirk  Ave. 
22  E.  12th  St. 
152d  St.  and  Prospect 

A.  VG 

207  W.'  77th  St. 

Jerome  Av.&  183d  St. 

105  W.  102dst. 

■Foot    of    Main    St. . 
Bklyn.  temporary. 

■Foot  Gau.sevoort  St., 

•Briergs  Ave.,  near 
2()()thSt. 

503  W.  139th  St. 

-Albany  Road,  near 
Bailey  Ave. ,  Kings- 
bridge. 

•I;itervale  Ave. 
E.  169th  St. 

East  138th  St., 
Cvpress  Ave. 

513  W.  161st  St. 


near 


near 


fl^ooi^  autr  aa^trcr  iS^ompantcs,  iHanJattau  auTr  i3ronx» 

(Headquarters,  Second  Division,  185  Lafayette  Street;  Eighth  Batallion,160  East  Thirtj'-third  Street.) 


1- 

-104  Duane  St, 

11-742  5  th  St. 

20- 

2- 

-126  E.  50th  St. 

12-243  W.  20th  St. 

21- 

3- 

-108  E.  13th  St.  (Water 

13-159  E.  87th  St. 

22- 

Tower  No.  2). 

14-120  E.  125th  St. 

23- 

4- 

-788  8th  Ave. 

15 -Old   Slip,  bet.  Water 

24 

0- 

-96  Charles  St. 

and  Front  Sts. 

6- 

-77  Canal  St. 

16-159  E,  67th  St 

7- 

-217  E.  28th  St. 

17-539  E.  143d  St. 

25 

8 

-N.  AraoreSt.,c.Varick 

18-84  Attorney  St. 

26 

9 
10 

-■'509  Elizabeth  St, 
-l.n  FultonSt. 

19—886  Forest  Ave, 

-157  Mercer  St.  127- 

-433  W. 36th  St.  |28- 

-766  .Amsterdam  Ave.  |29- 

-504  W.  140th  St.  30- 

-113  W.  33d  St.  (Water ;31- 

Tower    No.    3    nnd  32- 

SearchlightNo.2).    33- 

-205  W.  77th  St.  |34- 

-52  E.  114th  St.  (Water  35- 

TowerNo.4).  I 


•717  E.  176th  St. 
250  W.  143d  St. 
-896  E  138th  St. 
-104  West  135th  St. 
-1213  Intervale  Ave. 
-489  East  166th  St, 
-20>i3  Jerome  Ave. 
-.515  We^^t  161st  St. 
-142-144  V/est  63d  St. 


Information  About  the.  City  of  New   Yorh. 


798 


^rma?  of  tftc  santtctr  estates 

STATIONED  IX  AXD  NEAR  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YOP.K. 

Atlantic  Division  Jfearf^nar^ei's—Oovernor's  Island,  New  York  Harbor. 

Major-General  James  F,  Wade,  U.  S.  Army,  Commanding. 

Aides-de- Camp— Capt.  W.  J.  Glasgow,  13th  Cavalry;  Capt.  John  P.  Wade,  2d  Cavalry. 

DIVISION'  STAFF. 


Chief  of  Stajgr— Col.  Enoch  Crowder,  G.S. 

Afsi  slant 

Mi/i'ari/  Secretary— Lt.-CoL  H.  E.  Kobinson. 
Inspector- Oeneixd— Col.  Stephen  C.  Mills,  I.  G. 
Assistant— yLnjorG.  H.  G.  Gale,  I   G, 


^ssi.s-?a/t«— Major  Edwin  St.  J.  Greble,  I.  G. 

'  *  Warren  P.  Newcomb,  A.  C. 

"  Major  Adelbert  Cronkhite,  A.  C 

Engineer  Office) — Col.  Amos  Stickney,  C,  E. 


Department  oftlie  East—IIeadquarfsrs,  Governor's  Island,  New  York  Harbor. 

Major-General  Frederick  D.  Grant,  U.  S.  Armj-,  Commanding-. 

Aides-de-Oxmp—C&pi.  W.T.Johnston,  15th  Cavalry;  Capt.  A.  J.  Bowley,  Artillery  Corps. 

DKPAKTMEKT  STAFF. 


Mil itart/  Secretary— CoL  H.  O.  S.  Heistand. 
Jndffe-  Advocate— L\eut.-Col.  John  A.  Hull. 
Chief  Quartermaster— Col.  J.  W.  Pullman. 
C/iiefC)mmissary— Col.  James  N.  Allison. 


Chief  Surgeon— Col.  Charles  B.  Byrri?. 
Chief  Paymaster—  (Jol.  Wra.  H.  Comegys. 
Chief  Ordnanre  Ofhcer—Col.  Rogers  Birnie. 
Chief  Signal  0_fficer— Tilent.-Col^ Q.  P.  Scriven. 


Army  Building,  39  Whitehall  Street,  Manhattan,  New  York  Citv  ;  Quartermaster'' s  D^pot— Col. 
Wm.  S.  Patten,  Q.M.  D.  Subsistence  Depot-Col.  A.  L.  Smith,  D.  &  P.  C.  Medical  Depot— 'S'Jl  Wash- 
ington Street,  Manhattan,  Nesv  York  City;  Deputy  Suri/ical  General— Lieut. -Col.  Louis  Brechemiu  ; 
JVew  ForA; -4r.se/ia/— Governor's  Island,  Lieut. -Col.  .Tohn  E.  Greer,  O.  D. 

Posts  in  and  near  New  York  City,  as  garrisoned  November  15,  1907: 

Ibrf^.  Location.  Commandina  Officers.  Ti-oops. 

FortJay Governor's  Island Col.  L.  C.  AUen.  12tli  Inf.  Pl^'^f^f^l^^jjf^j"^^^^^^^^ 

55th    Baud,  A.   C.  and'i 
■  i     cos.  Coast  Artillery. 

..Col.  H.  L.  Harris.  A.C 6  cos.  Coa.st  Artillery. 

.  Lt. -Col.  A.C.  Blunt,    A.  C.  3cos.  Coast  Anillery. 
..Lt.-Col.  Samuel  E.  Allen.  ..5  cos.  Coast  Artillery. 
Fort  Wood Bedloe  Island Capt.  G.  C.  Burnell,  S.C....Co.  Q,  Signal  Corp.s. 

Fort  Totten |  ^^stonef  N.^y"'  ^^]^}1T.  \  ^°'-  ^-  ^-  ^^^'stler.  A.C . ..  5  cos.  Coast  Artillery. 

^GiSn?"^  ^^°y.l°.f  \  Sandy  Hook,  N.  J Col.  Charles  S.  Smith,  A.  C. Ordnance  Detachment. 


Fort  Hamilton Narrows,  Long  Island Lt..Col.  H.  H.  Ludlow., 

Fort  Hancock; Sandy  Hook.  N.J 

Fort  Schuyler Throg'sNeck,  N.  Y 

Fort  Wadsworth Narrows,  Staten  Island.. 


liters  in  i^anljattan. 

^■IRTH    KlVER.                                                                 1 

North  Rivkr. 

Pier  N...                 Street. 

Pier  No.                         Street. 

Pier  Xo.                 Street. 

Pier  Xn.                  Street. 

Voidll^-^eryp'- 

40  Clark.son. 

74  W.  34th. 

New  89  W.  49th. 

41  Leroy. 

81  W.  42d. 

Old  89  W.59th. 

n  h^  r Battery  PI.  & 
^  ®  ^  \     3Iorris. 

42  Morton. 

84  W.  44th.                  ^ 

91  W.  51st. 

43  Barrow. 

4  Morris. 

44  Christopher, 

East  Bivbb. 

5,  6,  \  Morris  &  Rec- 
&  7  i      tor. 

45  W.  lutli. 

46  Cbarles. 

3  ISIoore. 

New  32  Pike. 
33  Oliver. 

8  Rector. 

47  Perrv. 

4  Broad.      <• 

Old  9  & )  Rector  &  Car- 
lo         J     lisle. 

48  W.  11th. 

5.6,  7.8,  Coenties  Slip 

New  33  Pike  &  Rutgers. 

49  loot  Bank. 

9Coenties&01dSlip. 

Old  34   Catharine. 

New  10  Albany. 

50  Bethune&W.12th 

10  Old  Slip. 

New  34  Rutgers. 

Old  11  Carlisle. 

51  Jane. 

llGouverneur  Lane. 

35  Catharine. 

New  11  Cedar. 

52  Gansevoort. 

12  Wall. 

36  .Jefferson. 

13  Cortlandt  &  Dev. 

53  Bloom  field. 

13  Wall. 

37  Clinton. 

14  Fulton. 

New  54  W.  13th. 

14  Maiden  Lane. 

38  Clinton    &    Mont- 

15 Vesey  k,  Barclay. 

Old  54  W.  24th. 

,-   /  Fletcher &Burl- 
^'^  \    ingSlip. 

gomery. 

n\rt  i«  /Liberty  &  Cort- 

Old  55  \V.  25th 

45  Rutgers  it  Jeffer- 

New 56  W    14lh. 

16  Burling  Slip. 

son. 

TM-^™  ifi  /Barclay      and 
JXew  lb  1     Park  Place. 

Old  56  W.  26th. 

17  Fulton. 

46  Jefferson. 

niH  ^fiUi   /Gansevoort  & 
Old  o6i^   -j     Bloomtield.  r 

18  Beekman. 

49 Clinton   &   Mont- 

17 Park  PI. 

19  Peck  Slip. 

gomery. 

18  Murray. 

New  57  W.  15th. 

20  Peck  Slip. 

50  Montgomery. 

19  Warren. 

Old  57  \V  27 tb. 

22  Roosevelt. 

51  &  52  Gouverneur. 

20  Chambers. 

New  58  W.  16th. 

Old  27  Dover. 

53  Jackson. 

21  Duane. 

Old  58  W.  28th. 

New  27  Catharine. 

54  Corlears. 

22  Jay. 

New  59  W.  18th. 

Old  28  Dover    &    Roo.se- 

55  Grand. 

23  Harrison.      , 

Old  59  W.  29th. 

velt. 

60  Rivin<rton. 

24  Franklin. 

60  W.  19th. 

New  28  Catharine  &  Mar- 

61 Rivington  &  Stan- 

25 North  Moore. 

61  W.  21st. 

ket. 

ton. 

26  Beach. 

62  W.  22d. 

Old  29  Roosevelt 

62  Stanton. 

27  Hubert. 

Old  64  W.  34th. 

New  29  Market. 

66  E.  18th. 

28  Laight. 

New  64  W.24th. 

30  Pike  &  Market. 

67  E.  19th. 

29-30  Vestry. 

New  65  W.  2.5th. 

31  Pike. 

70  E. 22d. 

31  Watts. 

New  66  W.  26th. 

Old  32  James  Slip. 

32,  33,  34  Canal. 

Old  67  W.37th. 

35  Spring. 

New  67  W   27lh. 

RECREATION'.  PlERS. 

o;.  /Spring  &  Charl- 
'^  i     ton. 

New  68  W  28th. 

New  69  W.  29th. 

Foot  of  E.  3d. 

Foot  of  Barrow. 

37  Charlton. 

71  W  31st. 

Foot  of  E.  24th. 

Foot  of  W   50th. 

38  King 

72  W.  32d. 

Foot  of  E.  112th. 

Foot  of  W.  129tli. 

39  W.  Houston. 

73  W.  33d. 

Foot  of  Pike. 

•^Oi  Tnforination  About  the  City  of  ITeio   Torh. 

jlost^O^ffice  (i^auijattan),  jSTcto  ¥oiit  Citg» 

NOTICE—Care  should  be  taken  lohcn  address i.n(j  mail  viatter  for  delivery  in  New  York  City  to  designate 
the  borough  thereon,  as  inany  of  the  streets  in  the  different  boroughs  bear  the  same  name, 
Edward  M.  Morgan,  Postmaster;    Thomas  F.  Mcrphy,  Assistant  Postmaster. 

OFFICES  AND  OFFICE  HOURS. 

SECOND   FLOOR. 

Postmaster.— Room  1,  south  end.     Office  hours.  9  a.  m.  to  3  p.  >r. 

Assistant  Postmaster.— Room  2,  Broadway  side.  Office  hours,  9  a, M.  to  4  p.m.  Secretary  to 
the  Postmaster,  Room  1,  south  end.    Oflfice  hours  9  a.  M.  to  3  P.  M. 

Jiiiperiiiteiuleiit  of  Delivery.— Room  6,  Park  Row  side.    Office  hours,  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.m. 

Auditor.— Room  9.  Park  Row  side.     Office  hours.  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.m. 

Cashier.— Rooms  21  and  15,  Park  Row  side.     Office  hours.  10  a.  m.  to  3  p.  m. 

lUoiiey-Orders.— Superintendent  of  Department,  Room  42.  City  Hall  side.  Office  hours,  9  a.  m. 
to  4  p.  M.  "Domestic  Money-Orders,  Rooms  40  and  41.  City  Hall  side.  Office  hours.  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
International,  Room  41,  City  Hall  side.  Domestic  and  Foreign  Money-Orders  issued  also  Irom  5  p.  m. 
to  12  p.  M.     Window  No.  3,  Broadway  side.  Ground  Floor. 

Inquiry  Ollice  for  Missing-  I^etters,  etc.— Room  14.  B'  way  side.  Office  hours,  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 
Mezzanine  Floor.  —First  landing  at  the  head  of  main  stairway,  soutn  end  of  building. 

Superiutendeut  Carriers'  Department  (General  P.  O.   District).— Park  Row  side. 

Assistant  Custodian.— An  officer  of  the  Treasury  Department  in  charge  of  the  building  and 
watch.     Room  9,  Park  R(jw  side.     Office  hours.  9  a.m.  to  4  p.m. 

Registered  lietters  and  Parcels  Department.— Windows  for  reception,  Rooms  4  and  n. 
Broadway  side.  Office  hours.  8  a.  .m.  to  8  p.m.  Windows  for  Delivery,  Rooms  4  and  6,  Broadway 
side.     Office  hours.  9  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m. 

[All  offices  on  the  Second  and  Mezzanine  and  Fifth  Floors  are  closed  on  Sundays,  and  at  10  a.  m. 
on  holidays.  No  Money-Order  business  transacted  on  these  days.]  Ko  Registry  business  transacted 
on.Sunda3's.  fifth  floor. 

Order  Department  of  Instrnction.— Room  161a,  B' way  side.    Office  hours,  9  a.  M.  to  4  p.m. 

ENTRANCE  FLOOR. 

Superintendent  of  31alls.— Sec.  26,  Park  Row  side.    Office  hours,  9  a.m.  to  4  p.m. 

Jtureau  of  Information.— South  end  (Retail  Stamp  Window). 

Bank  Window.— Sec.  15,  Park  Row  side. 

General  Delivery  (Park  Row  side).  —Men's  Window, sec.  5:  Advertised  Letter  Window, sec. 6; 
Foreign  Advertised  Letter  Window,  sec.  7;  Ladies'  Window,  sec.  9. 

Foreign  Supplementary  MaXV  Window.— Sec.  24,  Park  Row  side. 

Postage  .Stamps,  etc.— Stamped  envelopes  and  newspaper  wrappers  and  postal  cards.  Sales  in 
sums  over  SI:  Windows  1  and  2.  sec.  19.  Broadway  side,  and  6  and  9,  south  end.  Sales  in  sums  of 
less  than  $1:  Windows  4  and  5.  sees.  17  and  18,  Broadway  side;  windows  7  and  8,  sec.  3,  south 
end.  and  booths  10  and  11,  Park  Row  .side. 

01*EN  ALWAYS.— Outgoing  Domestic  I^etter  Mails  Department— Sec.  17,  Broadway 
side.     General  Post-Ollice  Delivery  Depart n^ent—Sfc.  11.  Park  Row  side. 

On  general  holidays,  viz.:  .lanuaryl,  February  12,  22,  May  30,  July  4,  Labor  Day,  Election  Day. 
Thanksgiving  Day,  December  25,  and  such  days  as  the  President  of  the  United  States,  or  the  laws, 
or  Governor  of  the  State  may  designate  as  holidays,  fast,  and  thanksgiving  days,  all  mails  are  closed 
as  on  other  days  of  the  week,  but  only  such  carrier  deliveries  are  made  a.s  may  have  been  previously 
announced.  — '■ 

.>lail  in  Quantities.— For  New  York  City  delivery,  received  at  Window  10,  Broadwaj'side, 
Letters  for  outgoing  domestic  mails  received  at  Window  16,  .Broadway  side.  Letters  for  foreign  coun- 
tries received  at  Window  24.  Park  Row  side.  (Circulars  received  at  Window  12,  Broadway  side. 
Mail  in  quantities  must  be  assorted  by  States  by  the  sender  before  mailing. 

Delivery  for  Newspaper  Kxclianges.— Sec.  23,  Park  Row  side. 

Drops.— For  outgoing  domestic  mails,  sec,  23,  Park  Row  side,  and  sees.  12.  13.  14,  15,  Broad- 
way side.  For  New  York  Citv  delivery,  sec.  3.  South  End,  sec.  13.  Park  Row  side,  and  sec.  11, 
Broadway  side.     For  foreign  countries,  sec.  25,  Parle  Row  side,  and  sec.  16.  Broadway  side. 

liOck-Boxes. —South  end  and  B'  way  side.  Lock-boxes  for  newspaper  exchanges,  Park  Row  side. 


CARRIER  STATIONS  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX. 


A— 136- 138  Greene  St.,  l)et.  Prince  and  Houston  Sts. 

B— <^rand  St.,  southeast  cor.  Attorney  St. 

C-West  13th  St.  and  Ninth  Ave. 

D-103-105  East  12th  St. 

E-110-114  West  32d  St.,  near  Sixth  Ave. 

F-39H-401  Third  Ave.,  near  28th  St. 

G— 1648  Broadway,  cor.  51st  St. 

H— 43d  St.  and  Madison  .Ave. 

1— Cohimhus  Ave.,  cor.  105th  St. 

.l-2.'?09-2311  Eightli  Ave.,  cor.  124th  St 

K-202-204  East  88th  St.,  near  Third  Ave 

1.1-141  East  12oth  St., cor.  Lexington  Ave. 

.>r-1965  Amsterdam  Ave.,  bet.  157th  and  158th  Sts. 

N  — Broad  wav.  cor.  69th  St. 

D-122-124  Fifth  Ave. 

P— Custom  House  Building. 

K— Third  Ave.,  cor.  1.50th  St.  (Morrisania). 

fS— Broadwav,  cor.  Howard  St. 

T— 3319  Third  Ave.,  oet.  164th  and  165th  Sts. 

II— Third  Ave.,  cor.  103d  St. 

V— Southeast  cor.  West  Broadway  and  Canal  St 

W— 498Cohmibus  Ave.,  cor.  84th  St. 

X-631-633  East  138th  St.,  near  Willis  Ave. 


Y-1160-1162  Third  Ave.,  near  68th  St 
City  Island— Main  St.  and  Bay  Ave. 
Foreign— West  St.,  cor.  Morton  St. 
Fox  .St.— Fox  St  ,bet.  167tii  and  169th  Sts. 
High  Bridge— Depot  Place,  near  SedgwicK  Ave. 
Jay  St.— Jay  and  Greenwich  Sts.  (not  a  carrier 

station). 
Kinesbridge—Kingsb ridge,  nearR.  R.  Station. 
.>tadison  Square— 310  4th  Ave. ,  near  23d  St. 
Times  Sqnare-7th  Ave.  and  39th  St. 
Tompkins  Square- 12th  St.  and  Ave.  B. 
Treuiont— 1931  Washington  Ave.,  between  177th 

and  178th  Sts. 
University  lleiglits— New  York  University. 
Wall  .Sr,-60  Wall  st. 
Washington  Bridge— Amsterdam  Ave.,  near 

180tl)  St. 
Westchester— Main  St.  .near  West  Farms  Road. 
Williamsbridge— White     Plains    Ave.,    near 

Brings  Ave. 
Fordliam— 2519  Webster  Ave.,  near  Fordham 

Road. 
ColIege-305-307  West  140th  St 


[\\\  carrier  stations  are  opened  on  week  davs  from  7  a.  >f.  to  8  p.m., for  Monev-Order business 
from  8  A.  M.  to  8  p.  m.  ,  for  the  registrv  of  letters  from  8  a.  >r.  to  8  p.  m  On  Sundavs  stations  are 
opened  from  9  to  11  a.  m..  and  on  holidays  from  7  to  10 -v.  m.  No  Money-Order  or  r^ristry  buaineaa 
transacted  on  Sundays  or  holidays.  ] 


InfonaaUon  Ahoat  the   City  of  New    York. 


795 


ilostal  ILettcr  Carriers  i\x  Kcto  ¥ori&  (tit^. 

Tablb  showing  number  of  letter  carriers  enaployed  In  tLe  dIDFerent  boroughs,  and  the  salaries  they 

(December,  1907. ) 


Borough. 

Number  of 
Carriers. 

BOKOUGH. 

Number  of 
Carriers. 

Manhattan  and  Bronx 

Brooklyn 

2,207 
977 

39 
37 
31 

Richmond: 
Port  Richmond 

5 

Queens: 

West  New  Brighton 

9 

Flushing  

New  Brighton        

8 

Jamaica.    ...                       

RosebanJi 

Stapleton 

ft 

Long  Island  Ci  t j' 

Q 

Tompkinsville 

5 

Total  number  in  New  York  City,  3,3o3. 

The  salaries  of  letter  carriers  are  graded  by  law  as  follows:  In  Manhattan  and  Bronx,  carriers  are 
originally  appointed  as  substitutes  and  receive  pay  at  rate  of  30  c^nts  per  hour,  when  appoint<.d 
as  regular  carriers  they  receive  the  first  year,  $600;  second  year,  $800:  third  year,  S900:  fourth  year, 
$1,000;  fifth  year,  $1,100:  sixth  year,  SI, 200. 

In  li'ooklyii,  carriers  receive  from  .$600  to  SI,  100  per  annum  each.  In  Jamaica,  carriers  receive 
from  $600  to  6900.  In  Long  Island  City,  carriers  receive  $900  each.  In  Flushing,  thirtj'-three  receive 
$900  eacli,  and  sixSSOO  each;  also  ten  substitute  carriers,  who  receive  $1  per  year  and  the  pro  rata 
puy  of  the  carriei-^  whose  routes  they  may  be  required  to  serve.  In  Rosebank  five  carriers  receive 
$900,  and  one  S'^OO.  lu  Tompkinsville,  and  West  New  Brighton,  carriei-s  receive  $900  per  annum 
each.  In  New  Brighton  seven  receive  $900  each,  and  one  $600.  In  Stapleton  nine  receive  $900 
eacli,  and  thi-ee  sub-carriers  who  receive  30  cents  per  hour.  In  Port  Richmond,  five  receive  .$900 
each,  not  including  one  rural  carrier  and  one  Star  route  carrier. 

There  is  no  retirement  pay  for  any  of  the  civil  service  employes  of  the  United  States  Governraent 


Postmaster.— Room  2.     Office  hours,  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Assistaut   Postmaster.— Room  3. 

Office  hours,  9  a.m.  to  5  p.  m.  Cashier.— Room  4.  Office  hours,  9  a.m.  to  5  p.  m.  Siiperiiitentleut 
City  Delivery.— Room  11.  Office  houi-s,  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  .Siiperinteiident  of3Iails.— Room 
12.  Office  houi-s.  9  a.  M.to5r.  m.  Inquiry  Dep't.— Washington  Street  Corridor.  Office  hours, 
8  A.  M.  to  6  p.  M.  .lloney-Ortler  Dep't.  — Rooms  6,  7,  and  8.  Office  hours.  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Niglit  Window  for  i>Iouey  Orders.— Washington  Street  Corridor,  from  5  p.  m.  to  10  p.  m. 
Registry  Dep't.— Room  9.  Office  hours,  8  a.m.  to  6  p.  m.  Night  Window  for  Registry  Bnsi« 
ness.— Washington  Street  Corridor,  from  6  p.m.  to  8  a.m.  Poste  Restante.— Window  in  John- 
son Street  Corridor.  Postage  Stamps,  etc.*  in  amounts  over  S2.— Wholesale  Windpw, 
Johnson  Street  Corridor.  3Iail  in  Quantities.- Received  at  Window  of  Superintendent  of  Mails 
In  Washington  Street  Corridor.  Drops.— In  Washington  Street  Corridor.  Lock  Boxes.— Johnson 
Street  Corridor. 

On  general  holidays  the  first  carrier  delivery  only  is  made,  and  the  regular  mail  is  received 
from  8  A.  M.   to  10  a.  m. 


BRANCH  POST-OFFICES. 


A— 14  and  16  Oraham  Avenue. 

B -1266-68  Fulton  Street 

C-5121  'I'hird  Avenue. 

n-1923  Fulton  Street. 

K-2634  Atlantic  Avenue. 

i''— Flatbnsh,  830  Flatbush  AveHue, 


li—L.I.R.R.  Depot, FlatbushAv.,opp.AtI'tIcAv. 
31— Coney  Island,  Surf  Avenue,  opp.   West  17th 

Street. 
N— Fort  Hamilton,  Fourth  Avenue  and  99th  St, 
O— Sheepshead  Bay,  1780  Shore  Road. 
R— (Vanderveer  Park)  1574  Flatbush  Avenue. 
.'^-1262-1264  Broadwav. 
V— Fifth  Avenue  and  9ih  Street. 
W— Broadway  and  South  8th  Street. 


Ci— 860  Manhattan  Avenue 

H-Bath  Beach,  Bath  Avenue,  near  19th  Street. 
,1— Glendale,  Myrtle  .\ve.,  near  Wyckoflf  Ave. 
K.-  BIythebourne,  13th  Avenue  and  5oth  Street. 

[.All  branch  stations  are  open  on  week  days  from  7  a.m.  to  9  p.  m.  ;  for  money-order  business 
from  8  A.  m.  to  9  P.  M.  ;  for  the  registry  of  letters  from  S  a.m.  to  9  p.  m.  On  Sundays  stations  are  open 
from  10  toll  a.m..  and  on  holidays  from  7  to  11"a.  m.  No  money-order  business  is  transacterfon 
'iundays  or  holidays.  No  registry  business  is  transacted  on  Sundays,  but  on  holidays  lettere  and 
parcels  may  be  registered  from  8  to  10  a.  m.  ]  • 


EVEEY  Public  Porter  must  wear,  in  a  censnicuous  position,  a  badge  bearing  the  number  of  his 
license,  and  is  not  entitled  to  receive  any  pay  for  services  unless  such  a  badge  is  worn,  and  if  he 
shall  demand  a  srreater  sum  for  his  services  than  accords  with  the  rates  below,  he  shall  not  be  en- 
titled to  anv  pay  for  the  service. 

Any  Public  Porter  may  decline  to  carry  any  article,  If  the  distance  he  shall  be  required  to  go 
shall  be  more  than  two  miles. 

Public  Porters  shall  be  entitled  to  charge  and  receive  for  the  carrying  or  conveyance  of  any 
article,  anv  distance  within  half  a  mile,  twenty-five  cents  if  carried  by  hand,  and  fifty  cents  if  car- 
ried on  a  wheelbarrow  or  hand- cart:  if  the  distance  exceeds  lialf  a  mile  and  is  within  a  mile,  one- 
half  of  the  above  rates  in  addition  thereto,  and  in  the  same  proportion  for  any  greater  dislaupp. 


796 


Information  About  the   City  of  Neio    YorJc. 


€luts  \\\  i^anljattau. 


•PBINCIFAL  CLUBS  AND  CLUB-HOUSES.      SEE  ALSO    * 

KEW  YOBK  CITY.' 


SOCIETIES  AND  ASSOCIATIONS  IN 


Name  of  Club. 


AUiue  Assoclatioa. . 

Ainericaa  V»cht 

Ariou 

Arkwright.  .^ 

Ami)'  and  Navy 

Anthers 

Auiom«bUe 

BirHariJ   

Calumet 

Culbolie 

C^i.tury  Association.  .. 

Ctiemists 

Citv        

Cel  umbia  Yacht 

Cx.v.'N   IslnuJ  Jockey.. 

Cf«ti;;i''S^'^"*' 

C'sr  eli  University... 

■ .  low  II  A'-'b'ii 

V  'in<l  Ckeisical.  . . 

;;iiiet;rs 

Explorers 

*>>»riiiaii  I.ie(}«Kkjanz... 

r-ierHliiTl  Press 

Ureen  Koom 

(ir«lier..  .  ., 

H:irtUvare_ 

Harlem  Democratic... 
Harlem  Republican.... 

(iarinouie 

Harvard 

Jtickey 

Knickerbocker 

Knickerbocker  Yacht. . 

Lambs 

Lawyers 

Liuceln 

Lotes 

Manhattan 

Ma:ihattan  Chess 

Masonic 

Mercliants    

Metropolitan 

National  Democrat. . . 

Nrw  York 

N.  Y.  Athletic 

N.  Y.  Caledonian 

U.  Y.  Press 

M.  Y.  Railroad 

N.  Y.  Yacht 

Players 

Princ  ton 

Progress  

T^vjiiet  and  Tennis  .. . 

Reform  (q) 

Republican 

~ai.ll   Nicholas 

Salmagundi 

Stawanhaka  -  Conn-  I 
tn;an  Yacht ) 

Strollers 

Transportation 

Tu-t  and  Field , 

UnfierwriterB 

Union    .    

Union  League 

University 

Wool 

ifiie 


Club-House. 


189;-.  Fifth  Ave.&  ISth  St. 
l&SS'Miltou  Point.Rve.N.y, 
18.i4  fark  Ave.  &  59th  St... 

1893  320  Broad  wa v 

1S89  Iii7  W.  43d  St 

188-J  1th  Ave.  c.  W.  Srtth  Si. 
1899  54th  St.,  W.  of  B'way 
1894| VV.  56th  St.  Is.  "th  Ave. 
1879 -iii?  Fifth  Ave 
1871  120  Central  Park  South 
184: 1 7  W.  4:jd  St 

103  W.  55th  St.... 
189i55  W.  44tliSt 

Foot  \V.  86th  St... 
188l569Fifih  Ave,  (d) 

li79  St.  Denis  Hotel 

1889  .=.8  W.  4oth  St , . 

ISftUJnO  Pine  St 

18vt4!l00  William  St 

l.'>8Sj3'.i  W.  40th  St 

1905  29  W.  39th  St 

1847  m  E.  5Sth  St 

1884  21  Citv  Kail  Place 

I9y3i39  W.  47th  St 

1884  29E.  3'2dSt..    

189'-'  253  Broadway 

1882  106  W.  12lUh  St 

1887  23  W.  1  •24th  St 

1852  4  E.  60th  St 

18^(7  27  W.  44th  St 

1894  Fifth  Ave.  &  46th  St.. 

1871  Fifth  Ave.  &32dSt... 
1874  College   Point,  L.  1.    .. 

1S74  130  W.  44tiiSt 

1887  120BroaJ»\*y 

1872  12  E.  8th  St.. 

1870  5.58  Fifth  A  ve 

186.^  26th  St.  &  >la   .s-m  Ave 
1877  Carnegie  Hall 

1894 -•   " 

1871 
1>91 
1871 
1845 
1868 
lb5'> 
1872 
1872 
1841 
18SS 
I89S 


Membership. 


Limit. 


17  E.  22d  St 

108  Leonard  St 

I'ifth   A  ve.  ror.  60lh  St. 

617  Fifth  Ave. 

:!0  \V.  40tii  St 

W.59th  St.cor.6th  Ave 

b46  Seventh  Ave 

120  >ia.s8au  St 

(e) 

37  \V.  44th  St.  (a) 

1 6  Gi  amercy  Park 

119  E.  21st  St , 

l«^'l  W..S8thSt 

1875  27  W.  43d  St 

18Sj|37W.34th  St 

1879164  \V.4iithSt 

I875I7  W.  44lh  St 

1871  14  W.  12th  St 


Resi- 
dent. 


500 

.  i','^00 

700 
None. 

None. 

I,2n0 

700 

400 

1,000 

1,000 

Xoiie 
None. 

260 
None 
1,000 

600 
1,750 

None 
None 
None 

250 

600 
None 
None 

800 

None. 

60 

450 

'  250 
l,3i0 

'"eoo 

No  ne. 
None 

3.no 

1 ,000 
3,000 
50' I 
3,500 
None  . 
None  . 
None  . 
None  . 
500 
None 
610 
1,000 
N'Tnp . 
1,000 
C50 
500 


Non- 
Resi- 
dent. 


None. 


None. 
None. 
None. 
None. 

None. 

None. 

300 

None. 
None . 

None. 

None. 
None. 


Present 

Number. 


Resi- 
dent. 


Non- 
Resi- 
dent. 


187liOyster  Bay,  L.  I 

1886167  Madison  Ave 

ISOSMadi'i-.ii  Ave   &42dSl 

1895i571  Fitth  .^ve.  (f) 

1898116  Liberty  St 

l836|Fifth  .^ve.  &  51st  St... 

1863(1  E   39lh.St. , 

l865lFiflh  Ave.  eor.  54th  St 
1894W.  B'wav  A  Beacn  St. 
|iS97'30  W.  44thSt 


500 


None. 

None. 

150 

LOO 
None. 
N  one . 
None. 
None. 
N  one . 
None. 

'"soo 

None. 
None. 
None. 

None . 
None. 

150 

•-'50 
None. 
None. 

800 
None. 
None. 
None. 
None. 

550 
None. 
None. 

300 
•2.000 
1,000 

None. 
None. 


400 

50' 1 

450 

650 

1,600 

2,000 

2,01  lU 

4.0O 

iN'.ne 


400 

600 

None. 

None. 
None. 

1,500 

200 

Non 


500 
275 

'  700 
276 
100 

1,185 
511 
375 
959 

1,000 

V,3.55 

600 

'"'so 

35C 

1,000 

479 

895 

68 

1,160 
250 
700 
250 
600 
GOO 
125 
800 

1,401 

50 

450 

155 

250 

1,^-550 
350 
450 
750 
220 
400 
350 

1,000 

2,4-20 
5O1 

3,484 
375 
500! 

1.425 

2,400 
470 
744 
510 

1,000 
310 
857 

"420 

500 

288 
400 
450 
656 


Initiation 
Fee. 


Resi- 
dent. 


Non- 
Resi- 
dent. 


100 


146 
1,26 

76 
350 

41 
151 
671 
250 

"360 
None. 

""'!5 

150 

98 

204 

855 

71 


126 
175 

None. 

None. 

Ij.^uO 

None. 


440 

600 

iO 

4(0 

45o 

30 

40 

80 

240 

410 

250 

800 

None 

100 


550 
656 
'25 
300 
620 
867 

"95 


350 
450 

"72 
1,600'None 
1,834  66 

2.000     1,500 
429        105 
1,417'    1,264 


§100 
60 
26 
60 
26 
25 

100 
36 

100 
50 

160 

""50 

60 

50 

5 

10 

200 

50 

100 

""20 

(c')'25 

100 

60 

None. 

10 

200 

10 

"360 

20 

200 

None  . 

"160 
200 


100 
300 
100 
160 
2n0 
5 

10 

5 

200 

100 

10 
100 
200 

25 

60 
100 

60 

60 

60 

25 

100 


Annual 
Dues. 


Resi- 
dent. 


$50 


20.00 

None. 

25.00 

50.00 

15.00 

5U.O0 

None. 

100.00 

"ie 


Kon- 
Resi- 
deiit. 


None 
None 
75.00 
5.00, 
100.00 


611.00 

60.  OH 
None 

10.00 
None. 

10.00 


100.00 
None. 
None. 
25.00 
125.00 

None.l 
50.00 

:;00.00 
25.00 
50.00 

100.00 

'5!6o 


60.00 
10.01 
50.00 
•200.00 
None . 
26.00 
50.00 
26.00 


50.00 
25.00 


300 
300 
200:100.00 

"20'  26!6o 


:f37.50 
50.00 
40.00 
50.00 
80.00 
20.00 
50.00 
15.00 

100.00 
50.00 
60.00 

60!  60 
30.00 
25.00 
10.00 
20  00 
100.00 
50.00 
60.0<i 
16.00 
40.00 

cc)i6o 

30.00 
.^O.OO 
10. I'll 
30.00 

l^jo.OO 
10-40 

100. HO 

100.00 
24.011 
75. Oil 

100.00 
12.0(1 
75.00 

100.00 
20.00 
16.00 
75. '0 

125.00 
.=.0.00 
75.00 
60.00 
6.00 
20.00 
2.0c 
50.00 
50.011 
30.10 

100. 00 

125.00 
40  0(1 
50.(0 
75.00 
35.00 

50.00 

30.00 
."0.00 

,  50.00 
25.00 

100.  or. 
75.00 
76.0' 
60.00 
20  00 


Secretary. 


.-j'io.OO  Chas.  L.  Pait.jn. 
W.  P.  Allen. 
C.  Wittmaun. 
20.00  Francis  H.Holmes. 
5.00  G.W.  McEIroy. 
10.0.'  l>uli-eld  Osborne. 
25.00  S.  M.  BniKr. 

5.00  Kiiward  L.  Parris. 
5(1.00  E.G.  Richards. 
10.00  Charles  Mnrrav. 
;0.00  Wm.  M.  Sloane. 

Charles  Baskerv  ille. 
15.00  Henry  C.  Wri-ht. 
George  R.  Branson. 
Corselins  Fellowes. 
Chas.  L.  Rei-kvvitli. 
Howard  Hasbrouck, 
Gordon  Macdonald. 


None 
10.00 
37.50 
10.00 
30.01 
5. CO 


15. Ou 
26.00 

None. 

None. 

15.00 


30.00 
50.00 
12.00 
30.00 
25.00 
10.0^ 
5.00 
37.00 
75.00 
20.00 
37.50 
oO.OO 

8.00 


25.00 
1(1. <ti 
60.00 
62.60 
10.00 
25.00 
37.50 
12.50 


10.00 


45. 
35. 
'.'0. 
10. 


M.  G.  Starrett. 
H.  C.  Walsh. 
Otto  Schrenk. 
Emil  Klaessig. 
Kdwar.l  C.  White. 
Walter  GillisB. 
Artliur  G.  Sherman, 
r.  E.  Denip.sey. 
S.  A.  Sati'ord. 

E.  E.  Spiegelberg. 
L.  P.  Marvin. 

F.  K.  Sturgis. 
Jas.  W.  Appleton. 
J.  O.  Sinkinson. 
Maclyn  Arbuckle. 
Geo.  T.  Wilson. 
J.  F.  Dornheim. 
A.  C.  Humphreys. 
David  H.  Gilbert. 
C.  H.  Hatheway. 

G.  W^.  Arnold. 
I'ledeiic  S.  Wells. 
Win.  W.  Sherman, 
.lohn  J.  Quinlan. 
Henry  Despard. 
Chas.  L.  Burnham. 
Donald  Forbes. 
Walttr  Scott. 

H.  D.  Vonght. 
li.  A.  Cormack. 
II.  B.  Il.dges. 
W.  F.  McCombs,  Jr. 
A.  M.  Guingburg. 
H.  C.  Mortimer. 
IJert  Hanson. 
R.  L.  Maynard. 
Hiitger  B.  Jewett. 
•I.  A.  Thon.pson. 

S.  R.  Outerbriilge. 

Harold  Binney 
Will.  S.  Langf "rd. 
v..  C.  La  Montagne. 
O.  H.  Brewer. 
Franklin  IJaiilett. 
Henry  W.  Hayden. 
William  Manice. 
John  N.  Stearns,  Jr. 
J.  iicl...  Walti-n. 


(aj  Rendezvons  au   Bay   Ridge,  L..  1.      (c)  Theatrical,     (d)  and  Sheepshe.sd  Bay.    (e)  No  clubhouse.    Meetings  held  at 
39  W.  •29itiSt.  itl  and  btlmoni   Park,  (Queens. 
~— ^ I  >u> 

The  letumtt  in  this  table  arc  of  Janizary  1^  190S,  approximately. 


Information  About  the   City  of  JVeio    York.^ 


797 


Bav  ^ssocfation  of  NcUj  ¥oiit. 

(Bar  Association  Building,  No.  42  West  Forty- fourth  Street,  New  York  City). 


Hec.  Secretary—^.  B.  Brownell. 
Cor.  Secretary— James  L.  Bishop. 
Treasurers.  Sidney  Smith. 


President— John  L.  Cadwalader,       l^ce-Pres.— Thomas  Thacher. 
Fice-P;'e."{.— Fredk.  B.  Jennings.  ''''  Georije  Zabriskie. 

"  Chas.  F.  Brown.  "  WuHace  Macfarlane. 

Atthetimeof  the  last  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  there  were  1,944  members  of  the  Associa- 
tion. It  was  instituted  in  1869,  and  its  presidents  have  been  as  follows:  1870  to  1879,  William  M. 
Evarts;  1880 and  1881,  Stephen  P.  Nash;  1882  and  1883,  Francis  N.  Bangs;  1884  and  1885,  James  C 
Carter;  1886 and  1887,  William  Allen  Butler;  1888  and  1889,  Joseph  H.  Choate;  1890  and  1891, 
Frederic  R.  Coudert;  1892  to  1894,  Wheeler  H.  Peckhani;  1895  and  1896,  Joseph  Larocque;  1897 
to  1899.  James  C.Carter;  1900  and  1901,  John  E.  Parsons;  1902  and  1903.  Wm.  G.  ("lioate;  1904 
and,  1905,  Klilm  Root;  1906  and  1907,  John  L.  Cadwalader.  The  admission  fee  is  $100,  and  the 
annual  dues  from  resident  nienibers,  S50,  and  from  members  having  ofHoes  in  New  York  Citv  and 
residing  elsewhere,  $25;  members  neither  residing  nor  having  olhces  in  New  York  City  shaH  be 
exempt  from  the  payment  of  annual  dues. 

The  JLawyers'  Clab.  -120  Broadway, New  York  City.  Preside^m—Wm..  Allen  Butler,  Jr.  Sec- 
retary and  7^-ea.<iurer—GQorse  T.Wilson.  Total  membership,  1,900.  Membership  is  not  restricted  to 
lawyers.  There  are  no  entrance  feeSj  but  the  annual  dues  of  resident  members  are  $100,  and  of 
non-resident  members,  $50.  Non-resident  members  who  are  public  officials,  $25  per  annum,  and 
clergymen,  whether  resident  or  non-rosident.  the  same.     Resident  membership  limited  to  1,350. 

jFttrtral  ^l&'ccrs  in  Nt^  ¥orlt  (tit^. 


CUSTOM- KOUSH-Bowling  Green. 

Co^/ec^o?-.— Edward  S.  Fowler  (812,000). 

Chief  Clerk  of  CustO)ns  ami  Siifinl  J)'')>iitijCnller.l.nr. 
—Jos.'  J.  Couch  (S6.C00).   Henry  C.  Stuart  (84,000). 

Dennty  CoUertors.—John  J.  C.  Barrett,  Jesse 
C.  Grant,  Richard  Allison,  John  C.  Williams, 
Charles  A.  Kiuar,  H.  1,.  Swords,  and  H.  E.  Ester- 
brook  (83,000  each). 

Cashier.— J.  M.  Wood  (85,000),  Bowling  Green. 

Acting  DUihursinfj  A(ii.—^.  M.  Morris  ($2,500). 

^at«(7o?-.— Josiah  S.  Knapp  ($4,000). 

Xaval  0,^'c^?-.— Frederick  J.  H.  Kracke  ($8,000). 

Snecial  Deputy  Naval  Officer.— H.  W.  Gourley 
($4,000). 

Siuveyor.-JdJOCLQS  S.   Clarkson  ($8,000). 

Special  DejyuJby  Surveyor.  — F.  S.C^ooke  ($4,000). 

Deputy  Surveyors.— John  M.  Bishop.  Wm.  O. 
Cloves, iVIaihew  M.  Coneys.  J.F.Vail($2,500each). 

Appraiser. ($6,000),  Christopher 

and  Greenwich  Streets. 

A^si,';ta)it  Aopi-a i.-iers.  —Ghas.  W.  Bunn,  Frank  N. 
Petrie,  H  ury  B.  Stowell.  Chas.  R.  Skmner,  Clias. 
KL  Ijf'xuw,  John  D.  Smith,  Amos  M.  Knapp,  Har- 
vey T.  Andrews  ($3,000  each). 

Deput  1/  Apiiraisf^rs.-LT.  W.  Wanamaker,  Michael 
Nathan',  Henry  M.  Clapp  ($3,500  each). 

BOARD  OF  U.  S.  GENERAL  APPRAISERS.— 
641  Washington  Street. 

Marion  De  Vries,  H.  M.  Someiwille,  E.  G.  Hay, 
T.   S.    Sharretrs.  W.  F.  Lnnt.  W.  B.Howell,  I. 
F.    Fisher,  C.    P.    McClelland,  Bvrou  S.    Waite 
($7,000  each). 
SUB-TREASURY.— Wall,   corner  Nassau  Street. 

Asxislant  T/rcwi^-er.— Hamilton  Fish  ($8,000). 

Deputy  Assi.ttnnf  Ti'easurer  and  Cas/uer.—Geovge 
W.  Marlor  ($4,200). 

A^'<isf(mt  rvf,\/?,;e?-.— Edward  W.  Hale  ($3,600). 
POST-OFFICE.— B'  way  and  Park  Row.  See  Index. 

NATIONAL  BANK  EXAMINER-35  Nassau  St 
Examiner. —C  A.  Hanna(fees). 


U.  S.  ASSAY  OFFICE.-30  Wall  Street. 

Superintendent.— ^\ns^heT\  Foster  ($4,500). 

^.s.so:)/e/'.— Herbert  G.  Torfev  ($3,000). 

Mellerand  Reriiwr. -Henrv  B.  Kelsey  (88.000). 

INTERNAL  REVENUE  OFFICERS. 

(Compensation  of  Collectors  not  to  exceed  $4,500  a 

year  for  each  district,  i 

Second  District.— 1st.  2d,  3d.  4th,  5th.  6th,  8th, 
9th,  1.5th,  and  parts  of  the  14th  and  16th  Wards, 
Chas.  W.  Anderson,  Collector.  150  Nassau  Street. 

Third  District. -7th,  10th.  11th.  12th,  13th.  17th, 
18th,  19th,  20th.  21st.  22d.  and  parts  of  the  14th 
and  16th  Wards,  Blackwell's,  Randall's,  and 
Ward's  Islands,  Ferd.  Eidmau,  (7oW€c/o?-,  3d  Ave- 
nue and  16th  Street. 

Fourteenth  District.  7th  Division.— From  Har- 
lem River  north  to  city  line.  Borough  of  Bronx.  .1. 
Thomas  Stearns,  Deputy  Collector,  534  Willis 
Avenue,  Bronx. 

Brooklyn  Boroiifffi. -TPirst  District.— Embracing 
all  of  Long  Island  and  Richmond  Borough  (Staten 
Island),  Edward  B.  Jordan.  Collector,  Post-OtSce 
Building,  Brooklvn  Borough 

PENSION  AGENCY. -65  Bleecker  Street. 

Pension  Afjent.—^I\chae\  Kerwin. 
COM'R   OP     IMMIGRATION.- ElliM  Island. 

CV>/)i/n/.v.v(o/i€?\— Robert  Watchorn,  ($6,500). 

Assista7it  Conunissioner.— Joseph  Murray  ($4,5(X)). 
U.S.SHIPPING  COMMISSIONER.-Barge  Office. 

Commissioner.— Tlarvv  A.  Hanbury  ($5,000). 

Deputy.— Albert  J.  K'enney   ($1,860). 

LAW  COURTS. -See  Index. 
WEATHER  BUREAU. -100  Broadway. 

District  Forecaster.  — Eben  H.  Emerv. 
STEAM  VESSELS'  INSPECTORS. -17  Batt'y  PI. 

Supervising  Dispeetor. -Ira.  Harris  ($3,000). 

Local  Inspectors.— 'B.enry  31.  Seeley  and  J.  L. 
Crone  (82.500  each). 

U.S.  LIFE-SAVING  STATIONS.- 379  Washing- 
ton Street. 


(tuntt^mu  (tnllutnxn  at  J^ort  of  t^^riB  ¥or1fe. 

OFFICIAL    LIST    OF    THE    COLLECTORS-.  OF    THE    PORT    OF    NEW    YORK. 


Collector. 


Appointed. 


John    Lamb    March  22,  1784 

John  Lamb   March  29,  1791 

Joshua  Sands April     26,  1707 

roavid    Gel.^ton    July         9,  ISOl 

Jonathan   Thompson Nov.      29,  1S20 

•Samuel  Swartwout    March  29,  1830 

^9.  18.^,.^ 


Jesse  Hoyt  March 

Joihn   J.    Morgan March     1,  1841 

E-dward  Curtis   March  18, 

C.  P.  Van  Ness June 

Cornelius  W.  Lawrence July 

Hugh  Maxwell    May 

D.  S.   Dickenson March  30,  1853 

Greene  C.   Bronson April       8,   l8.o3 

Herman  J.  Redfield Oct.        2.^ 

Aug-ustus    Schell    March  2.5 

Hii-am   Barney    March  2.H 


1841 

29,    1844 

1,   1845 

Ifi,   1849 


f?i m^on  prapf;- Sept. 


18ri.q 

1857 

18fil 

7.  1864 


Collector. 


Appoin 


Preston  King Aug.  12 

Henry  A.  Smvth May  10, 

Moses  H.  Gririnell March  29 

Thomas  Murphv   Julv  13. 

Chester  A.  Arthur Nov.  20 

Edwin   A.   Merritt July  21. 

William  H.  Robertson May  IS, 

Edward  L.  Hedden July  1, 

Daniel  Magone   Aug.  10. 

Joel  B.  Erhardt  (Bond) May  4, 

J.  S.  Fassett  (Bond) Aug.  11, 

Francis  Hendricks   (Bond) Sept.  22. 

James  T.  Kilbreth   (Bond) .A.ug.  3, 

George  R.   Bidwell   (Bond) July  12. 

Nevada  N.  Stranahan  (Bond) .  .April  2. 
Nevada  N.  Stranahan  (Bond) .  ..A.pril 

Edward  S.  Fowler.. Nov. 


ted. 
18'.].-. 
ISffi 
isno 

1*^70 
1871 
l«^78 
1S«1 
18*55 

1889 

1800 

1891 

1803 

1897 

.   1902 

,   1006 

,  1907 


f98  Information  About  the  City  of  New   York. 

ilaiits  i\\  iHaiUjattan  antr  2Jron)f» 

HEADaUAKTERS,    THE    ARSENAL,    CF.XTRAL  PaRK. 

Battery,  foot  of  Broadway. 

Bronx,  on  Bronx  River,  lies  north  of  E.  182(1  St. 

and  While  Plains  Road,  east  of  Southern  Boule- 
vard, 661.60  acres.    Zoological  Garden. 
Brvaut,  6th  Av.  and  \V.  42d  St. 
Cedar,  Walton  Av.,158ih  St.  andMott  Av. 
City  Hall  Park,  Broadway,  Mail  St.,  Park  Row, 

and  Chambers  St 
Claremont,  Teller  Av.,  Belmont  St.,  Clay  Av., 

and  170th  St.,  in  the  ■24th  Ward. 
Colonial,     145th   to  155th  St.,   Bradhurst   Av.   to 

F.dsrecombe  Av. 
Corlears  Hook  Park,  Corlears  and  South  Sts. 
Crotona,  Fulton  Av.,  Sd  Av.,  and  Arthur  Av. 
Be  Witt  Clinton,  52d  to  54th  St.,  North  River. 
East  River  Park,  between  Av.  B  and  East  River, 

E.  84th  St.  to  E.  89th  St. 
Fordliam.  Fordham  Rd.,  Sedgwick  Av.  &188th  St. 
Fort  Washington,  Ft.  Washington  Point,  Hudson 

River 


Hamilton  Fish  Park,  Houston  and  Willett  Sts.      <  Tiniou  Square,  Broadway  and  14th  St, 


HighbridgePark,  155th  St.  to  Washington  Bridge, 

west  of  Driveway. 
John  Jay.  76th  to  78th  St.,  East  River. 
Macomb's  Dam,  Jerome  Av.,  162d  St., Cromwell's 

Av.,  and  Harlem  River. 
Madison  Square,  Broadway  and  23d  St. 


Morningside  Park,  between  Columbus  and  Anx- 

sterdam  Avs.  and  W.  .lioth  and  W.  123d  Sts. 
Mount  Morris  Park,   between  Madison  and  Mt. 

Morris  Ave.  and  120th  and  124th  Sts. 
Park  west  of  Harlem  River  Driveway  and  north 

of  Washington  Bridge. 
Pelham  Bay  Park,  on  Long  Island  Sound  and  East 

Chester  Bay,  northeast  eud  of  New  York  City, 

1,756  acres. 
Riverside  Park,  between  Rivei-side  and  12th  Avs. 

and  W.  72d  and  W.  129th  Sts. 
St.  Gabriel's  Park,  1st  Ave.  andS5th  St. 
St.  James,  Jerome  Av.,Crestou  Av.,  &  E.  191st  St. 
St.  Mary's,  149th  St.,  St.  Ann  sand  Robbius  Avs. 
St.  Nicholas,  130th  to  MlstSt. ,  St.  Nich'  Is  to  lOthAv. 
Seward,  Canal  and  Jefferson  Sts. 
Stuyvesant,  Rutherfnrd  PI.  and  E.  16th  St. 
Thomas  .Fefferson,  111th  St.,   1st  Av.,  114th  St.. 

and  Harlem  River. 
Tompkins  Square,  Av.  A  and  7th  St. 


Van  Cortlandt  Park,  northern  boundary  of  city, 
Broadway,  Van  Cortlandt  Av.,  Jerome  Av., 
and  Mt.  Vernon  Av. ,  1,132..%  acres. 

Washington  Bridge,  Sedgwick  Av. ,  Harlem  River, 
Washington  Bridge. 

Washington  Square,  5th  Av.  and  Waverley  PI. 


CENTRAL   PARK. 

The  great  park  of  New  York  extends  from  59th  St.  to  lloth  St.,  being  over  2^^  miles  long,  and  from 
5th  Ave.  to  8th  Ave.,  being  over  half  a  mile  wide.  It  covers  843  acres,  of  which  185  are  in  lakes  and 
reseiwoirs  and  400  in  forest,  wherein  over  half  a  million  trees  and  shrubs  have  been  planted.  Thereare 
9  miles  of  roads,  ^M  of  bridle  paths,  and  31  of  walks.  The  landscape  architects  of  tlie  Park  were 
Frederick  Law  Olmsted  and  Calvert  Vaux.  Public  park  carriages  can  be  found  (except  in  Winter)  at 
tlie  entrances  on  oth  Ave.  and  8th  Ave.  The  fare  for  an  extended  ride  througli  the  Park  is  25  cents. 
Work  was  begun  on  the  Park  in  1857.  The  following  fanciful  names  have  been  officially  applied  to  the 
several  entrances  to  the  Park:  5th  Ave.  and  59th  St.,  Scholar's  Gate;  6th  Ave.  and  59th  St.,  Artist's 
Gate;  7th  Ave.  and  59th St.,  Artisan's  Gate;  8th  Ave.  and  59th  St.,  Merchant's  Gate;  8th  Ave.  and  72d 
St..Woman'sGate:8th  Ave.  and  81stSt.,Hunters  Gate;  8th  Ave.  and  85th  St.,Mariner'sGate:  8th  Ave. 
and  96th  St  ,Gate  of  All  Saints;  8th  Ave.  and  100th  St.,  Boy'sGate;  8th  Ave.  and  llOth  St..  Stranger's 
Gate;  5th  Ave.  and  67th  St.,  Student's  Gate;  5th  Ave.  and  72d  St.,  Children's  Gate;  5th  Ave.  and  79th 
St,  Miner's  Gate;  5th  Ave.  and  90th  St.,  Engineer' s Gate. ;  5th  Ave.  and  96th  St. ,  Woodman's  Gate;  5th 
Ave.  and  102d  St,  Girl's  Gate;  5th  Ave.  and  110th  St,  Pioneer's  Gate;  6th  Ave.  and  110th  St. ,  Farmer's 
Gate;  7th  Ave.  and  110th  St,  Warrior' s  Gate. 

FACTS    ABOUT    PUBLIC    PARKS. 

Union  Square  was  purcha.sed  by  the  city  in  1833  for  $116,0.51;  Madi.son  Square,  in  1847,  for  $65,952; 
Tompkins  Square,  in  1834,  for  $93,358;  Washington  Square,  in  1827,  for  $77,970,  and  Manhattan  Square, 
in  1839,  for  $.54,657.  The  latter  is  assessed  as  a  nart  of  Central  Park.  The  other  four  are  assessed  at 
over  $16,000,000,  and  are  easily  worth  $20,000,000,  while  their  original  cost  to  the  city  was  only  $353,331. 
Prospect  Park,  Brooklyn,  contains  516  1-6  acres.  In  woodland,  110  acres;  in  lakes  and  watercourses. 
77acres;in  meadows,  70  acres;  in  plantations,  259  1-6  acres;  in  drives,  9  miles;  in  bridle  roads,  3  1-10 
miles;  in  walks,  12  miles.  Ocean  Parkway  is  51-2  miles  long  and  210  feet  wide.  Eastern  Parkwav  is 
2  1-2  miles  long  and  210  feet  wide.  London  has  271  public  parks,  containing  17.876  acres  of  ground.  I'he 
largest  European  city  park  is  in  Denmark;  it  contains  4,200  acres.  The  great  forest  of  Northern  New 
York  covers  an  area  of  3,588,803  acres. 

Jur^  Butj)  i\\  J^au1[)attan  antr  ijron:t\ 

To  be  qualified  to  serve  a  person  mnstbe  not  less  than  21  nor  more  than  70  yeai's  of  age,  and  he  must 
be  a  male  citizen  of  the  Unitfea  States,  and  a  resident  of  the  county  of  New  York ;  and  he  is  a  resident 
within  the  meaning  of  the  jury  law  if  he  dwells  or  lodges  here  the  greater  part  of  the  time  between 
the  first  day  of  October  and  the  last  day  of  June  He  must  be  the  owner,  in  his  own  right,  of  real  or 
personal  property  of  the  value  of  S'250;  or  the  husband  of  a  woman  who  is  the  owner,  in  her  own  right, 
of  real  or  personal  property  of  that  value.  He  must  also  be  in  the  po,«session  of  his  natural  faculties, 
and  notbeinflrmor  decrepit;  intelligent,  of  good  character, and  able  to  read  and  write  the  English 
language  understandingly. 

THE  FOLLOWING  PERSONS  ARE  ENTITLED  TO  EXEMPTION. 

A  Clergyman,  Minister  of  any  religion  officiating  jis  such,  and  not  following  any  other  calling.  A 
practicing  Physician,  Surgeon,  Surgeon- Dentist,  or  Veterinary  Surgeon  not  following  any  other  call- 
nig.  an  la  licensed  Phavmaceutist  or  Pharmacist,  or  a  duly  licensed  Embalmer,  while  actually  engaged 
in  his  profe.ssion  as  a  means  of  livelihood.  An  Attorney  or  Counsellor-at-Law  regularly  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law  as  a  means  of  livelihood.  A  Profes.sor  or  Teacher  in  a  college,  academy,  or  public 
S(;hool,  not  following  any  other  calling.  Editor,  Editorial  Writer,  or  Reporter  of  a  daily  ne'wspaper  or 
press  association  regularly  employed  as  such,  and  not  following  any  other  vocation.  The  holder  of  an 
office  under  the  United  States,  or  the  State,  or  city  orcounty  of  New  York,  whoseotficial  duties,  at  the 
time,  prevent  his  attendance  as  a  juror.  A  Consul  of  a  foreign  nation.  A  Captain.  Engineer,  or  other 
officer  actually  employed  upon  a  ve.ssel  making  regular  trips;  alicensed  Pilot, actually  following  that 
calling.  A  Superinteildent,  Conductor,  or  P'.ngineer  employed  by  a  Riiilroad  Company  other  than  a 
street  railroad  company, ora Telegraph  Operator  employed  by  a  Pre^s  Association  or  Telegraph  Com- 
pany who  is  actually  doing  duty  in  an  olTice,  or  along  the  railroad  or  telegraph  line  of  the  company 
or  as.sociation  by  which  he  isemployod.  Honorably  discharged  Firemen  Active  and  honorably 
discharged  ^filitiamen  and  active  members  of  th*' Old  (iuard.  .-V.  duly  licensed  Engineer  of  steam 
I'oiler-i  actually  einployed  as  such.  Inspectors.  Poll  Clerks,  and  Ballot  Clerks,  or  a  person  \s%o  i^ 
pb^'sically  incapable.     Grand,  Sheriff's,  Special,  and  Municipal  Court  Jurors. 


Information  Ahout  the   City  of  N'ein  York. 


im 


jjjoHcc  ffJ^xtt  of  XciB  ¥orlt  (SrCts. 

(Dpcomber  1,  1907.) 
1  Chief  Tivi))prt(n\  18  Tnjipedorx^  23  Surncoiuf,  1  Superintend''nt.  of Elcrtriral  Service,!.  Assistant  Super 
Hifendmt'of  J':ierf7Hc(U  Hfirvtre,  1  Chief  Lineman,  6  Linemen,  2  JBo(7^r  Inspeclors. 


BOP.OUGJM. 

Captains. 

Lien- 
tendents. 

Sergeants. 

Patrolmen. 

Doormen. 

Police 
Matrons. 

Total. 

A[  an  hat  tan 

36 

9 

30 

11 

3 

326 
40 

197 
49 
15 

627 

268 
49 

197 
52 
19 

4,292 

659 

2.176 

488 
157 

7.772 

81 
17 
66 
17 
6 

40 

4 

21 

'2 

2 

5,043 

Thp  I-irf>iix           .  .............••••• 

778 

p. rnokl vn  . 

2,687 

OllPPnS         ......a 

619 

Kichmoud 

202 

Total ^ 

89 

585 

187 

69 

i^,;;29 

On  Probation:  2Siurgeons,  58  Patrolmen,  6  Doormen,  1  Matron. 

SALARIE^S. 

Chief  Inspector,  Moses  W.  Cortright,  $5,000;  18  other  Inspectors,  $3, 500 each;  23 Surgeons, 
^!3  500  each 

"^   'Siipeiint'endent  of  Electrical  Service,   $4,000;  Assistant  Superintendent  of  Electrical  Service, 
$3,000;    Chief  Lineman,  §1,500;  Linemen,  81,200  each;  2  Boiler  Inspectors,  $1,300  each. 

faptains,  $2,750  each;  Lieutenants,  $2,000  each;   Sergeants,  $1,500  each. 

Patrolmen,  First  Grade,  five  years'  service,  $1,400  each. 

Patrolmen,  Second  G  rade,  less  than  five  years  and  more  than  four  years  and  si  x  months.  $1 ,3oO  each 

Patrolmen,  Third  Grade,  less  than  four  years  and  six  months  and  more  than  four  years,  $1,250  each. 

Patrolmen,  Fourth  Grade,  less  than  four  years  and  more  than  three  years.  $1,150  each. 

Patrolmen,  Fifth  Grade,  less  than  three  years  and  more  than  two  j'ears,  $1,000  each. 

Patrolmen,  Sixth  Grade,  less  than  two  years  and  more  than  one  year,  $900  each. 

Patrolmen,  Seventh  Grade,  less  than  one  year,  $800  each. 

Members  of  the  police  force  may  be  retired  on  one-half  rate  of  compensation  after  service  of 
twentv-flve  years,  having  reached  the  age  of  fifty-five  years,  or  after  twenty  years'  service,  upon 
certificate  of  police  surgeons  of  permanent  disability,  or  after  20  years'  service  if  a  Veteran  of 
Civil  War.  Members  of  the  police  force  who  have  not  served  twenty  years  may  also  be  retired 
upon  pension  upon  certificate  of  police  surgeons  of  permanent  disability  or  disease  contracted  with- 
out misconduct  on  the  part  of  the  officer,  and  by  reason  of  the  performance  of  duty,  at  not  to  exceed 
one-half  nor  less  than  one-fourth  rate  of  compensation. 


Ipt. 
2d. 
3d. 

5th. 

6th. 

7th. 

8th. 

9th. 
loth, 
nth. 
12th. 
18th. 
14th, 

15th. 
16th. 


i^olicc  ^Ution-fj^ountn  in  J^anljattan  antr  23ronx. 

PRECINCTS— On  January  1,  1908.  numbers  of  Precincts  may  be  changed. 

230  W.  20th  Street.  33d.   Amsterdam   Avenue, 

327  E.  22d  Street.  152d  Street. 

120  W.  20th  Street.  34th.  Sedgwick  Ave.  and  Wolf  St. 


Old  Slip  and  Front  Street. 

Libertv  and  Church  Streets. 

Citv  Hall. 

9  Oak  Street. 

19  Elizabeth  Street. 

247  Madison  Street. 

19  Leonard  Street - 

135  Charles  Street. 

24  INIacdougal  Street. 

20.5  Mulberrv  Street. 

105  Eldridge  Street. 

Attorney  and  DelanceySts. 

Union  Market,  E.  Houston 

and  Sheriff  Streets. 
79  1st  Avenue. 
253  Mercer  Street. 


17th. 
18th. 
19th. 
20th. 
21st. 

22d. 

23d. 
24th. 
25th. 
26th. 
27th. 
28th. 
29th. 
30th. 
31st. 

32d. 


434  W.  37  th  Street. 
160  E.  35th  Street. 
347  W.  47  th  Street. 
137  W.  3uth  Street. 
163  E.  51st  Street. 
153  E.  67th  Street. 
150  W.  68th  Street. 
Central  Park.  Arsenal. 
432  E.  88th  Street. 
177  E.  104th  Street. 
134  W.  100th  Street. 
438  W.  125th  Street. 
148  E.  126th  Street. 


cor. 


34th. 

5th.  257  Alexander  Avenue. 
36th.  160th  Street,cor.  3d  Avenue. 
37th,  1925  Bathgate  Ave. 
38th.  Town  Hall,  Westchester. 
38th.  Sub.   Citv  Island. 
39th.  229th  St.,  White  Plains  Ave. 
40th.  Boston  Ave.  and  Perot  St., 

Kingsbrid!?e. 
41st.  Webster  Av. ,  and  Mosholu 
Parkway, 

42d.  Pier  A.  North  Puver. 

42d,  Sub,   FootE.  122dSt. 
Traffic,  1  East  27th  Street. 


33olicc  <Station-?^ou3sesi  in  Bvooltl^n. 

(Headquarters,  269  State  Street,  Brooklyn.) 


43d, 
44th 
45th. 
46th. 
47th. 
48th, 
49th. 
50th. 
51st, 
52d. 

53d. 
54th, 


Prectnct  and  Location. 

41  h  Ave,  and  43d  St, 

5th  Ave.  and  16th  St. 

Richards  and  Rtvpelye  Sts, 

6th  Ave.  and  Bergen  St. 

17  Butler  St. 

Emmett  and  Amity  Sts. 

318  Adams  St. 

49  Fulton  St, 

(xrand  Ave.  and  Park  PI. 

Atlantic  and  Schenectady 

Aves. 
Miller  and  Liberty  Aves. 
Ralph  Ave.  and  Quincy  St. 


Precinct  and  Location. 

55th .  Gates  and  Throop  Aves . 
56th,   De  Kalb  and  Classon  Aves. 
57th.  Flushing    and     Clermont 

Aves. 
58th.  Tompkins  &  Vernon  Avefi. 
.o9th.   Lee  Ave.  andClvmerSt. 
60th.   Bedford  Ave. and  N.  1st  St. 

61st.   Manhattan  andGreenpoint 
Aves, 

62d,  Humboldt  and  Herbert  Sts. 

63d.  StaggSt.andBushw'k  Ave, 
64th.  Hamburg  &  De  Kalb  Aves, 
65th.  Liberty  and  E.  N.  Y,  Aves. 


Precinct  and  Location. 

66th.  E.  95th  St.  and  Ave,  G. 

67th.  35  Snvder  Ave, ,  Flatbush. 

68th.  Ave,  U  and  E.  loth  St. 

69th.  W,8th  St.,  near  Surf  Ave. 

70th.  Bav  22d  St,  and  Bath  Ave. 

71st.  86th  St.  and  5th  Ave. 

72d,    Coney  Id.  and  Foster  Avs. 

73d,    Prospect  Park. 

82d,    Borough  Hall. 

84th.  191  Broadway. 

Branch  Bureau,  Detective 
Squad, Information  and  Prop- 
erty Clerk,  269 State  St. 


?#eCflf)t  of  prominent  Jloints  in  JHanljattan  anti  33ronx. 


l-'eet  Above 
Sealjcvel. 

Battery , 5 

Citv  Hall 36 

Fifth  Avenue  Hotel 38 

Central  Park  Plaza, 59th  St.  and  5th  Ave.  47.5 

Mount  Morris 100 

Central  Park  Circle i 76.6 


Feet  Above 
Sea  Level. 

Reservoir.  Central  Park  (water  level) 112 

MorningsidePark 132 

P.roadwavand  118th  Street 135 

Kingsb ridge  Road  and  175th  Street 200 

Washington  Bridge  Road  and  184th  St. .,  250 


800 


Information  About  the   City  of  Neio   Yorlc. 


jFor 


ceifin  (i!rou.*iu(5i 

Argentine  Republic— Joso    Vicente    Fernandez, 

C.  G. ;  Carlos  A.  Galarce,  V.  C.  80  Wall  St. 
Austria- Hungary.  —  Baron   Hoenuing   O'Caroll, 

C.G. ;  George  de  Grivicic,  V.  C. ,  33  Broadway. 
Belgium.— Pierre  Mali.  C.,  85  Worth  St. 
Bolivia.— Abigail  Sanjines,  C.  Cil..  2  Stone  St. 
JBrazil.— Jos6  jonquim  Gomes  dos  Santos,  (;.  G. ;  F. 

Garcia  Leao,  V.  C.  and  Chancellor,  17  State  St. 
Chile.— Adollo  Ortuzar,  C.  G.,  43  Exchange  PI. 
China. -Kit  Fue  Shah.C. ;  TV  k  Wing,  V.C  ,18  B'  way 
Colombia.— Carlos  jNL.  Sarria,  C  G.,  78  Broad  St. 
Costa  Rica.— Dr.  Juan  J.  Ulloa,C.G.s*  A.  Mouestel, 

V.  C,  66  Beaver  St. 
Cuba.- Octavio  Zavas  y  Adan,  C.  G. ,  96  Wall  St, 
J)eninark.— J.  Clan,  C. ,  130  Pearl  St. 
JJominican    Republic— Fabio    Fiallo,   C.   G.;    J. 

Ksteljrtn  Bunols,  Chancellor,  31  Broadway. 
Ecuador— Felicisimo   Lopez,  C.  G.;   R.  Zevallos, 

v.  C.,11  Broadway. 
Kgypt  —See  "Turkey." 
France.— Etienue  Lanel,  C.  G. ;   L.  Bonzom,  C; 

M.  Heilmann,  V.  C.,  35  S.  William  St 
German  Empire.— K.  Buenz,  C.G. ;  C.  Gneist,  C. 

11  Broadway. 
Great  Britain'— Courtenay  Walter  Bennett, C.G. ; 

C.  Clive-Bavlev,  C;  Y,.  \V.  Paget  Thurston,  V. 

C;  J.  P.  Smither.s.V.  C.,17  State  St.    Office  for 

shipping  seamen,  2  State  St.  v 

Greece.— D.N.  Botassi.  C.  G..  35  S.  William  St. 
Guatemala.- Dr.  Ramon  Bengoechea,C.  G. ;  Ysidro 

Palomo,  (Chancellor,  4  Stone  St. 
Hayti.— Geffrard  Cesvet,C.  G.;  E.  D.  Bassett,  V. 

C. ,  31-33  Broadway. 
Honduras.— Luis  Lazo  Arviaga,  C.  G.,  66  Beaver 

St. 
'Hungary.— See  "AustHa." 


in  Keto  ¥orU  (tiX^. 

Italy —A.   Raybaudi    Ma.ssiglia,  C.  G. :  L.  AUlro- 

vandi,  V.C;  G.  Di  Rosa,  V.  C,  230  La  fa  vet  tf  St. 
Japan.— Chozo  Koike,  C.  G.  ;  E,  Suzuki,  V.  c  ,60 

Wall  St. 
Korea.— See  "  .Tapan.  " 

Liberia.— Edward  G.  Merrill,  C,  52  Broadway. 
:Mexico.— Cayetauo  Romero,  C.G. ;  A.  LeonGra- 

j&da,  V.  C,  32  Broadway. 
iVIonaco.- M.  Heilmaim.  C,  35  S.  William  St. 
Netherlands.- J.  R.  Planten,C.  G.,  116  Broad  St  • 

Henry  Pluygers,  C,  116  Broad  St. 
Nicaragua.— Pio  Bolanos,  C.  ;  66  Beaver  St. 
Norwaj'.— C.  Ravn,C.  G;  Thj.  Klingcuberg,  V.  C. . 

17  State  St. 
Panama— Manuel  A.  Amador,  C.  G.,  18  Broad waj'. 
Paraguay.— Feli.v  Aucaigne,  C.  G.  ,633  W.  142d  St. ; 

W.   E.   Richard.s,  C.  ;  W.  W,  White,  V.  C. ,  309 

Broadway. 
Persia.— Dikran  Khan  Kelekian,  C. ,  275  5th  Ave. 
Peru.— Eduardo  Higginson,  C.  G.,  25  Broad  St. 
Portugal.— Lionel  Hagenaers,  Act.  C.  C-i. ,  17State. 
Russia.— N.  de  Lodygensky,  C.  G. :  Ernst  de  Schill- 
ing, V.  C. :  Paul  Tiesenhausen,  V.  C.  2  Stone  ."St. 
Salvador.— Ernest  Schernikow,  C. ,  42  B'  wav. 
Santo  Domingo. —See    "Dominican    Republic" 
Siam;  — L.  T.  Hildreth.  C. ,  14  E.  Coth  St. 
Spain.— Antonio  Diaz  Miranda,  C.  G.,18Broadwa5'. 
Sweden— A.  E.  Johnson,  Act.  C. ;  M.  Clarholm, 

V.  C,  17  State  St. 
Switzerlaud.—J.  Bertschmann,C.,  18  Exchange  PI. 
Trinidad. —J.  de  la  Boi.ssiere,  C  G.,  102  W.  54th  St. 
Turkey.— Aziz  Bey,  C.  G. ,  59  Pearl  St. 
Urtiguay.- Alfredo  Metz  Grun,  C.    23  Produce 

Exchange  Annex. 
Venezuela.— Jacob  Pimentel,  C.G. ;  80  Wall  St. 


€cmtttrirs  \\\  antr  ^tjout  tfjc  Ctti)  of  Ntto  ¥oiit. 


Name. 


ArMiisrton 

Bay  Side  and  Acacia. 

Bay  View 

Bergen 

C.ilvary 

Ced.nr  <3rove 

Constable  Hooli 

Cypress  Hills 


Location. 


Evergreens . 
Fair  View. . 
Friends'.... 
Greenwood  . 


Hobolcen 

Holv  Cross  (E.  C.).... 

Holy  N.tine  (K-  C.)..., 

,Holy  Trinity  (K.  C.)... 

Jersey  City , 

Kensico 

Linden  Hill  (M.  E.).... 

Lutheran 

Machpelah , 

Machpelah  (ITeb.).    . . . , 

Maple  Grove , 

Moravian 

Mount  Hope 

Mount  Hope 

Mount  Neboh 

Mount  Olivet 


Mount  Zion ....   

Kew  Yorii  Bay 

Ny.ick  Kural 

Oakland 

Pelham 

Pine  Lawn 

Potter's  Field 

Potter's  Field 

BockMnd 

Bosedale  and  Linden.. 
Kosehill  andCrematory 

Bt.  John's  

8t.  Michael's 

8t.  Peter's  (II.  C.) 

Sleepy  Hollow 

Staten  lal.ind 

Trinity  Church  » 

Vr'ashinffton  .. . . .    

Weehawken  &  Palisade 
WoodlawD 


Arlington,  N.  J.,  4  1  i  miles  from  J.  C. . 

Old  South  Road,  Woodhaven,  L.  I 

Greenville,  N.  J.,  2  1-2  miles  from  J.  C. . 

Bergen,  N.  J  ,1  1-2  miles  from  J .  C 

Newtown,   L.  I 

Near  Corona,  L.  L,  h  1-2  miles  from  N.  Y. 

Bayonne.  N.  J.,  7  miles  from  .1.  C 

Myrtle   Ave.  and  Jamaica  Plank  Road, 

Broolijj-n  Borou<rh. 
Biishwicii  Av».  &  Conw.aySt.,  Brooklyn.. 
Staten  Island,  near  Castleton  Corners.... 

Prospect  Park,  Brooklyn  Borough 

Brooklvn  Boro',  N.  Y.   Main  entr.ances  at 

5th  Ave.  and  25th  St. 
Mew  Durham. N. J. ,4in. from  Hobokenfer. 

Flatbush,  L.  I.,  Brooklyn  Borough 

Westside  Ave. ,  .Jersey  City  Heights 

Central  Ave.,  E.ast  New  Y'ork 

Xe vvark  Ave.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Harlem  R.  li.,  '.'5  miles  from  N.  Y 

liast  VVilliamsburo:,  L.  I 

.Jamaica  Turnpike,  ne.ar  Middle  Village. . 
.\ew  Durham,  Hudson  County,  N.  J.... 

.Vdjoiiiing  Cypress  Hills  Cemetery 

Hoffman  Boul.,  6  miles  from  L.  I, 

Xew  Dorp,  Staten  Island 

Mount  Hope,  Westchester  County. 
.Jamaica  Ave.,  Brooklyn  Borough. 
.\djoining  Cypress  Hills  Cemetery 
Maspeth,  L.I 


Ottic 


At  Cemetery 

At  Cemetery 

At  Cemetery 

98  Sip  Ave.,  J. C 

24  E.  52d  St.,  N.  Y 

1  Mtidison  Ave.,  N.  Y. . 

1  Madison  Ave.,  N.  Y.. 


City. 


Maspeth,  L.  I 

Oce.an  Ave.,  Greenville,  N.  J 

Nvacic,  N.  Y' 

Yinkers,  N.  Y 

Lafayette  Ave.,  City  Island,  N.  Y 

Pine  Lawn,  L.  I . . .' 

Flatbush,  L.  I.,  Brooklvn  Borough 

Hart's  Island,  N.  Y'....' 

SparUill.  liockl.and  Co.,  N.Y 

Linden,  N.  J.,  14  miles  from  N.  Y 

Linden, N.J 

Yonkers,  N.  Y 

Flushing  Ave.,  Newtown,  L.  I 

Tonnele  Ave.,  Jersey  City  Heights 

Tarrytown,  N.  Y 

Richmond  Terr.Hce,  near  W.  N.  Brighton 

Amsterdam  Ave.  and  W.  153d  St 

Near  Parkville,  L.  1 

Hoboken,  N.  J,,  2  miles  from  ferries 

On  Jerome  Ave.  and  233d  St 


At  Cemeterj-. . , 

W.  New  Brighton,  N.  Y. 
725  E.  31st  St.,  B'k'n.. 
170  Brcidway,  N.Y 

213\Va,shingtonSt.,Hob. 
Jay  &  Chapel  Sts.,  B'k'n 


At  Cemetery 

At  Cemeterv 

16  E.  4'.MSt.,  N.  Y. .  . 
48  St.  Mark's  PL,  N.Y 
68  William  St.,  N.  Y.. 

At  Cemetery 

At  Cemetery 

Richmond  Hill 

Located  about  six  miles 
.o03  Fifth  Ave,  N.  Y.. 
155  E.  lOethSt..  N.  Y. 
2  E.  ll-<thSt.,  N.Y... 
82  Wall  St.,  N.  Y 


Railroad  or  Fej- 


41  P.ark  Row,  N. 
At  Cemeterv  . .  . 
Nyack,  N.  Y.... 


Main  St.,  City  Isl.and... 
46  W.  ;WihSt.,  N.Y... 
Aliiishonse,  Flatbush.... 
148  E.  20th  St.,  N.Y... 

At  Cemetery 

1135  Broadway 

1101  FlatironBdg.,  N.Y. 

At  Cenieterv 

225  W.  99th  St.,  N.Y... 

130  M.-iiii  St.,  farryt'n". 


187  Fulton  St.,  N.  Y..., 

At  Cemetery 

At  Cemetery 

20  E.  23d  St.,  N.Y 


Greenwood  Lake  Div.  Erie  R.  R. 
Kings  County  Elevated  or  Trolley. 
Ceut.  R,R.  of  N.  J.  or  trollev  fromj  .  C. 
Cortlandt,  Uesbrosses,  W.  23d  St.  Ferries. 
Long  Island  City  or  Williamsburg  Ferries, 
r.ong  Island  R.R.  or  Bkn.  Rapid  Transit. 
Cent.  R.R.  of  N.  J.  or  trolley  from  J  .  C. 
Grand,  Roosevelt,  andFulton  Ferries, and 

also  by  cars  from  Brooklyn  Bridge 
Trolley  'from  Bklyn  Ferries,  or  El.  R.R's 
Trolley  from  St.  George,  Staten  Island. 
Fulton,  Catharine,  and  Hamilton  Ferries. 
Cars    from   Bridge  Depot,  Fulton,  Wall, 

South,  Catharine,  and  Hamilton  Ferries. 
Nnr.R.R.ofN.J.,  West  Shore;  Trolley. 
Fulton,  Grand,  and  Roosevelt  Ferries. 
Cortlandt,  Desbrosses,  W.  23d  St.  Ferries. 
I'rollev  from  Brooklvn  Ferries. 
Cortlaodt,  Desbrosses,  W.  23d  St.  Ferjies. 
H.arlem  R.  R. 
Williamsburg  Ferries. 
Trolley  from  W'msburg  andFulton  Fer. 
Nor.R.R.  of  N.J.;N.Y.,8.  &  W.;  W.S.R.R. 
Same  route  as  for  "Cypress  Hills,"  above. 
East  34th  St.  Ferry.' 
from  St.  George  Landing,  Staten  Island. 
Putnam  Div.,  N.  Y.  Central  R.  R. 
Trolley  from  B'way  Ferry, Bkln  Borough. 
S.ame  route  as  for  "Cypress  Hills,"  above. 
Trollev  from  foot  of  Broadway,  JJrooklyn 

Borough,  or  E.  34th  St.  Fer'rv  Depot. 
Trollev  from  E.  .'54th  St.  Ferry  Depot. 
Cent. 'R.R.  of  N.  J.;  or  trollev  from  J.  C. 
Nor.  B.  R.  of  N.  J.  or  West  Shore  R.R. 
Trolley  from  Yonkers. 
Horse-car  from  Bartow,  on  N.  Hav.  R.R. 
Lnng  Island  R.R. 

Cars  from  W'msburg  and  Fulton  Ferries. 
Boat  foot  of  E.  26th  St. 
Northern  R.R.  of  N.  J.  &  West  Sh.  R.R. 
Cortl.'ind,Desbros8es,W.  2."d  St  Ferries 
Via  Penna.  R.R. 
N.  y.  Central  or  Putnam  Div. 
K.ist  34th  and  92d  St.  Ferries. 
Cortlandt,  Desbrosses,  W.  I'.'A  St.  Ferries. 
N.  Y'.  Central  A  Hudson  R.R. 
Whitehall  St.  Ferry. 
Sixth  or  Ninth  Ave".  Elevated  R.R. 
Trolley  from  Bridge  and  Ferries. 
Hoboken  and  Weehawken  Ferries. 
Harlem  Div..  N.  Y.  Central  B.  R. 


HOW    MLN    MAKE    BIG    SALARIES 

By  VICTOR  FORTUNE 

The  Stoiy  of  Workers  Who  Make  Their  Work  Pay  B.g  Dividends— How  They  Do  It. 


Does  your  work  pay? 

Not  just  day  wages,  but  a  good, 
round,  stiff  salary. 

If  not,  why  don't  you  make  it  pay? 

You  see  men  about  you  who  earn 
dollars  where  you  earn  dimes,  yet 
they  work  no  harder  than  you. 

Why  don't  3'ou  make  your  work 
count,  too? 

You  can. 

What  makes  the  difference?   Luck? 

Not  often.    What  then? 

In  one  word — training. 

To  illustrate:  A.  M.  Fowler, 
Springfield,  Mo.,  was  a  journeyman 
pattern-maker  when  he  faced  the 
proposition  that  now  confronts  you. 

HOW  ONE  MAN  DID  IT. 

His  first  step  was  to  enroll  for  a 
Mechanical  Course  in  the  Interna- 
tional Correspondence  Schools,  Scran- 
ton,  Pa.,  an  institution  whose  sole 
business  is  to  raise  the  salaries  of 
workers.  Mr.  Fowler  is  now  General 
Manager  of  the  Phoenix  Foundry  and 
Machine  Company,  Springfield,  Mo., 
at  an  increase  in  salary  of  about  400 
per  cent. 

In  telling  how  he  made  liis  work 
count,  he  writes: 

"I  must  say  that  I  think  the  Inter- 
national Correspondence  Schools  the 
greatest  boon  existing  for  the  work- 
ing man.  In  my  own  experience,  they 
have  been  worth  to  me,  without  any 
exaggeration  whatever,  tKousands  of 
dollars." 

That  is  how  one  man  did  it.  Take 
another  case:  Russel  Cooper,  2340 
North  Penn  Street,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  janitor  of  a  church 
at  the  time  he  enrolled  for  the  Elec- 
trical Course  of  the  I.  C.  S.  Within 
two  years  he  became  Electrician  in 
charge  of  the  Main  Shop  of  the  Ter- 
minal Railroad  Association  of  St. 
Louis.  He  is  now  Superintendent  of 
the  Indianapolis  Light  and  Heat  Com- 
pany.   He  writes: 

"My  earnings  are  now  over  six 
times  as  much  as  when  I  enrolled. 


I  and  I  can  see  even  further  progress 
i  ahead." 

AN    INCREASE    OF   1,000   PER    CENT. 

How  G.  A.  Collins  made  his  work 
pay  would  read  like  romance  if  it 
were  not  actual  fact.  Mr.  Collins 
was  a  chainman  with  a  Railroad 
Maintenance  of  Ways  Department  at 
the  time  of  enrolling  with  the  I.  C.  S. 
After  a  few  months  he  was  promoted 
to  rodman,  and  then  to  transitman. 
Not  being  satisfied,  he  resigned  and 
went  into  irrigation  work  for  the 
government.  Now  he  has  an  office 
of  his  own  as  Civil  Engineer  and,  in 
addition,  is  Chief  Engineer  of  a  large 
coal  company.  He  reports:  "My 
earnings  have  been  increased  during 
this  time  nearly  1,000  per  cent.  I 
can  recommend  your  schools  to  any 
ambitious  and  earnest  man.  The  I.  C. 
S.  is  certainly  a  wonderful  institu- 
tion." 

1,000  per  cent,  is  a  pretty  fair  re- 
turn on  the  small  investment  re- 
quired for  an  I.  C.  S.  Course,  isn't  it? 

Mr.  Collins's  address  is  717  New 
York  Block,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Here  is  the  name  and  address  of  an- 
other worker  who  made  his  work  re- 
turn big  dividends  with  the  aid  of  the 
I.  C.  S.,  Joseph  Cain,  Searles,  Ala. 

When  Mr.  Cain  enrolled  for  one  of 
the  I.  C.  S.  Mining  Courses  he  was  a 
Mine  Foreman  at  $90  p^r  month.  He 
now  holds  the  position  of  Mine  Super- 
intendent vich  the  Alabama  Consoli- 
dated Coal  and  Iron  Company,  at  a 
salary  of  $225  a  month.  Mr.  Cain 
says: 

-  "I  know  of  no  other  method  than 
the  I.  C.  S.  by  which  a  man  can  ad- 
vance so  quickly  and  surely." 

Advancement  quick  and  sure,  right 
where  you  are,  is  the  record  of  I.  C.  S. 
men  throughout  the  world.  At  your 
present  work,  without  the  loss  of  a 
minute's  time  or  a  dollar's  pay,  the  I. 
C.  S.  takes  you,  trains  you,  and  shows 
you  how  to  make  that  work  pay,  how 
to  advance  in  it,  or  how  to  change  to 


801 


a  more  congenial  occupation.  The 
I.  C.  S.  can  do  this  because  it 
has  a  staff  of  2,700  people  and  an  in- 
vested capital  of  $6,000,000  devoted 
to  the  express  purpose  of  training 
)'ou  to  make  your  work  pay. 

When  a  man  who  is  willing  to  do 
his  part  gets  the  I.  C.  S.  organization 
behind  him,  don't  you  think  it  ought 
to  help — a  little f 

Take,  for  instance,  the  case  of  a 
young  man  like  Wilson  P.  Hunt,  Mo- 
line,  111.  While  still  a  machinist's  ap- 
prentice, 2  0  ^^ 
years  of  age,  /'' 
Mr.  Hunt  en-  ^ 
rolled  for  the 
M  e  c  hanical 
Course.  O  n 
finishing  the 
course  and 
receiving  his 
diploma,  h  e 
became  a 
d  r  a  f  tsman 
and  then  a 
machine  d  e  - 
signer.  Later 
he  started 
the  M  ol  i  n  e 
Tool  C  0  m  - 
pany,  Moline, 
ill.,  becoming 
Secretary  and 
S  u  p  e  r  i  n- 
tendent  of  the 
concern.  The 
I.  C.  S.  sup- 
plied just  the 
help  needed 
by  Mr.  Hunt 
to  realize  his 
ambition. 

When  Chas.  E.  Norberg,  1026  Al- 
bany Street,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  got  in 
line  with  the  I.  C.  S.,  his  income 
began  to  increase  in  a  most  surpris- 
ing way. 

Mr.  Norberg's  remuneration  as  car- 
penter was  $3  a  day  when  he  enrolled 
for  the  Architectural  Course.  He  tells 
us:  "Previous  to  this  I  had  only  a 
common  school  education,  but  the  in- 
struction given  was  so  plain,  so  easy 
to  follow,  and  so  practical  that  I  have 
now  become  a  General  Contractor, 
and  my  earnings  range  from  $75  to 


$100  a  week.  The  t.  C.  S.  is  certainly 
a  great  blessing  to  the  wage-earner." 
What  Mr.  Norberg  says  about  the 
simplicity  of  his  Instruction  is  char- 
acteristic of  all  I.  C.  S.  lessons  and 
text-books.  They  are  easy  to  learn; 
easy  to  remember ;  easy  to  apply.  Not 
even  a  common  school  education  is 
required,  only  the  ability  to  read  and 
write.  But  one  obstacle  can  stand  in 
the  way  of  the  success  of  an  I.  C.  S. 
man — his  own  lack  of  ambition. 

Still  another  Californian,  who  dates 
his  rise  from  his  enrollment  with  the 
L  C.  S.,  is  Albert  K.  Harford,  854 
Fifty-third  Street,  Oakland,  Cal. 

At  the  time  of  enrolling  Mr.  Har- 
ford held  the  position  of  engine-room 
storekeeper  at  $35  a  month.  Let  him 
tell  what  happened  in  his  own  words: 
"For  those  who  have  to  work  for  a 
living,  there  is  no  better  way  of  ad- 

V  a  n  c  ement 
than  through 
the  I  C.  S. 
Their 
excel- 
leut  i  n  - 
struction 
and  help 
e  n  abled 
me  to  ad- 
V  a  n  c  e 
from  one 
p  o  sition 
to  anoth- 
er rapid- 
ly, and  I 
am  now 
Foreman 
M  a  chin- 
ist  for 
the  Pa- 
cific Steamship  Company,  at  a  salary 
of  $130  per  month." 

WHAT    A    BRTCKLATRR    DID. 

Does  training  pay?  Can  you  make 
It  pay?  Ask  Daniel  K.  Albright,  319 
McKean  Street,  Kittanning,  Pa.  Mr. 
Albright  writes: 

"TVh^n  working-  as  a  bricklayer  at 
bricklayers'  wages,  I  was  induced  to 
enroll  in  the  I.  C.  S.  After  studying 
nights,  through  the  perfect  manner 
in  which  the  schools  carry  on  their 
instruction,  I  was  soon  able  to  read 


FROM  APPRENTICE  TO  PROPRIETOR — GANG-DRILL  NOW 
MADE  IN   HIS  OWN  FACTORY. 


80J 


blueprints,  and  w^as  appointed  lore- 
man  at  an  increase  of  wages.  " 

Note  that  tlie  I.  C.  S.  taught  him 
not  to  work:  harder,  but  to  read 
blueprints — trained  him  to  malte  his 
work  pay. 

Was  Mr.  Albright  satisfied  with 
this  advance?  Being  a  true  I.  C.  S. 
man — never!  Hear  the  rest  of  (bis 
letter: 

"Resigning  this  position  (fore- 
man), I  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Kittanning  Plate  Glass  Company,  of 
which  firm  I  am  now  General  Super- 
intendent, and  my  earnings  are  now 
nearly  600  per  cent,  more  than  when 
I  enrolled.  The  I.  C.  S.  instruction 
is  so  simple  and  easily  understood 
that  any  man  may  gain  unsjeakable 
good  through  it." 

Knowing  what  he  does  now,  how 
much  persuasion  do  you  think  would 
be  necessary  to  induce  Mr.  Albright 
to  enroll  with  the  I.  C.  S.,  if  he  had 
it  to  do  over  again? 

WHAT  WOULD  PEKlSlUADE  YOU? 

If  you  were  really  awake  to  your 
own  interests,  how  much  persuasion 
do  you  think  ought  to  be  necessary 
to  induce  you  to  write  and  ask  how 
the  I.  C.  S.  can  help  you? 

But,  you  say,  these  men  are  excep- 
tions. On  the  contrary,  they  are 
cases  picked  at  random  out  of  thou- 
sands of  successful  I.  C.  S.  men.  The 
I.  C.  S.  has  gone  to  the  trouble  of 
putting  a  thousand   of   their   names 


and  addresses  with  their  stories  in  a 
book,  which  will  be  sent  to  you  for 
the  asking.  The  I.  C.  S.  organiza- 
tion is  so  perfect  that  it  reaches,  in- 
structs and  trains  these  men  in  any 
State  of  the  Union  or  in  any  part 
of  the  world. 

Here  is  former  street  railway 
worker  T.  T.  Buzzill,  care  of  J.  E. 
Henry  &  Son,  Lincoln,  N.  H.,  who 
writes: 

"I  knew  nothing  about  electricity 
when  I  took  out  my  course  in  the 
I.  C.  S.  I  now  have  charge  of  the  tel- 
ephones and  lights  for  J.  F.  Henry  & 
Son,  and  my  salary  has  been  in- 
increased  100  per  cent.  I  would 
never  have  been  able  to  get  above  the 
pit  work  in  the  power-house  if  it  was 
not  for  the  instruction  received  from 
the  I.  G.  S." 

Another  New  Englander,  Harry  E. 
Green,  Waterville,  IMe.,  a  former 
transitman,  writes: 

"I  now  have  an  office  of  my  own, 
and  have  increased  my  earnings  200 
per  cent.  My  course  has  made  me 
more  valuable  to  my  customers,  and 
I  have  been   enabled   to   understand 


SCHOOL  BUILDINGS   OCCUPIED   ENTIRBLY   BY   THE   I.    C.   S, 

803 


many  things  which  I  could  not  have 
learned  otherwise.  I  will  gladly  cor- 
respond with  any  one  desiring  to 
better  himself  by  taking  a  Course." 

Henri  B.  Bixler,  Akron,  Ohio,  a 
former  mill  hand  in  a  screen-door 
factory,  testifies: 

"I  have  advanced  to  Superintend- 
ent of  Construction  of  the  Tri- 
County  Telephone  Company,  and 
have  increased  my  earnings  250  per 
cent.  All  th/3  success  I  attribute  to 
the  I.  C.  S.  I  consider  this  method 
of  instruction  the  best  plan  in  exist- 
ence for  the  young  man  who  has  his 
own  way  to  make  in  the  world." 

A   SURE   AND   QUICK  WAY. 

The  I.  C.  S.  gives  a  man  who  has 
no  regular  trade  or  profession  a  pay- 
ing start.  Before  enrolling  with  the 
I.  C.  S.,  Harry  M.  Moxley,  1427  Wil- 
liams Building,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  was 
ofSce  boy,  farmer  boy,  and  painter 
by  turns.    He  writes: 

"After  I  had  gone  a  short  way  in 
my  Course,  the  Students'  Aid  Depart- 
ment secured  for  me  a  position  with 
a  firm  in  Cleveland,  and  from  that 
time  I  have  had  steady  advancement 
up  to  my  present  position  as  chemist 
with  the  Cleveland  Steel  Casting 
Company.  During  this  time  I  in- 
creased my  earnings  $80  a  month.  My 
experience  with  the  Schools  proves 
that  the  I.  C.  S.  plan  is  the  most 
sure  and  quick  way  for  any  ambi- 
tious man  to  gain  advancement  and 
increased  earnings." 

The  Students'  Aid  Department, 
which  helped  Mr.  Moxley  to  obtain  a 
higher  position,  is  organized  specifi- 
cally to  assist  all  I.  C.  S.  men  in 
their  efforts  to  make  their  work  pay. 
Its  connection  with  the  largest  em- 
ployers of  trained  men  in  the  coun- 
try has  enabled  it  to  place  thousands 
of  men  in  better  positions  at  larger 
salaries.  During  1906  voluntary  re- 
ports were  received  from  3,376  I.  C.  S. 
men  who  had  been  advanced  in  salary 
or  position — only  a  traction  of  the 
thousands  who  were  advanced  and  did 
not  report.  ^V^lat  the  I.  C.  S.  did  for 
them,  it  can  and  will  do  for  you. 

ARE    YOU    GETTING    YOURS? 

This    is    an    era    of    unexampled 


wealth.  These  dozen  men  named  are 
just  a  few  of  the  thousands  whom 
the  I.  C.  S.  has  helped  to  place  in 
the  stream  of  prosperity.  They  are 
trained  to  get  their  share,  and  are 
getting  it. 

Are  you  getting  yours?  If  not, 
why  not?    It's  waiting  for  you! 

The  I.  C.  S.  points  the  way,  but 
you  must  take  the  initiative.  The 
first  step  is  yours.  The  expression 
of  willingness  must  come  from  you. 
Are  you  willing  to  write  to  the  I.  C. 
S,  and  ask  to  be  shown  how  to  make 
your  work  pay?  Or  are  you  content 
to  sit  back  with  small  wages  and  let 
your  companions,  who  work  no 
harder  than  you,  walk  off  with  all 
the  rewards? 

Bear  in  mind,  no  man  need  leave 
his  own  State,  or  town,  or  work. 
Right  where  he  is,  the  I.  C.  S.  is 
most  valuable.  It  goes  to  the  man, 
stands  by  him,  works  with  him  and 
for  him,  equipping  him  to  secure 
that  due  share  to  which  his  energy 
and  talents  entitle  him. 

Why  labor  for  little  when,  with 
training,  you  may  have  much?  Indi- 
cate on  the  following  coupon  the  po- 
sition you  prefer.  Cut  out  coupon 
and  mail  at  once.  Do  not  be  a  lag- 
gard in  the  race!  Make  your  work 
pay! 

Here  is  a  List  of  Good  Positions 


International  Correspondence    Schools 

Box  800,   SCK.NJN'TOX,  PA. 

Please  explain,  without  further  obligation  on 
my  part,  how  I  cim  qualify  for  a  larger  salary 
iu'the  position  before  which  I  have  marked  X 


IJookkeoper 
U-tonogrjipher 
"\*\."  AVrltcr 
Show  Card  AVrlfer 
Window  Trimmer 
Commorolal  Law 
Illus«trator 
Civil  Service 
ChemUt 

Textile  Mill  Supt. 
Elet'f  rlolan 
Elee.  Ensiiieer 
Mech.  Draftoman 


Telephone  Kng-ln'r 
Kleo.  Llgflit's  Supt. 
Mcc'haii.  Engineer 
SHrveyor 

Stationary  EngrlnV 
Civil  Enjrlnecr 
Bide.  Contractor 
Arch.  Draftsman 
Architect 

StrMctiiral  Eucln'r 
Bridce  Engineer 
Mining  Enicineer 
PIumb.A;  Heat  Con. 
f 


Name_ 


Street  and  No.. 
City 


State. 


A    BLANK    COUPON    FOR   YOU. 


804 


THE  ANATOMY  OF  A  PIANO 

WQnderful    Method    of    Construction    Employed    in    Modern    Labor    Utopia, 
where  it   takes  years  to   make  a  single   instrument. 


EVERY  now  and  -then  some  sociologist  discovers  a  certain  labor  Utopia,  •whose 
abiding  place  is  in  the  Middle  Western  States.  The  said  Utopia  is  a  giant 
factory  where  hundreds  are  employed  and  where  the  workers  are  treated 
much  as  members  of  one  big  family.  Hardly  a  newspaper  or  magazine  in  the 
whole  country  but  which  has  at  times  commented  upon  the  existence  of  the  great 
Western  factory,  dwelling  at  length  upon  the  fellowship  that  exists  among  all  the 


KaaoHKaaai 


RIKER   AVENUE   FACTORY. 

RIM-BENDING     DEPARTMENT,     SHOWING     ORIGINAL,     METHOD     OF     DOING     THIS 

WORK,    WHICH    GIVES    SUCH    EXCELLENT    RESULTS    THAT    IT    HAS 

NEVER    BEEN    CHANGED. 

men  and  women  employed  therein.  So  widely  "hias  this  Western  factory  been 
exploited  that  the  public  has  possibly  reached  the  conclusion  that  it  is  the  only 
model  factory  in  the  world.    Such  is  not  the  case. 

As  a  matter  of  civic  pride,  a  search  has  been  made  of  New  York,  and  a  mate, 
if  not  a  superior,  to  the  Western  Utopia  has  been  discovered  by  the  World.  It  is 
a  mammoth  piano  factory,  or,  rather,  a  series  of  piano  factories,  operated  by  one 
company— Steinway  &  Sons.    The  great  factories  of  this  famous  old  piano  manu- 

805 


facturing  concern  are  real  models  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  and  they  are  the 
cleanest  factories  in  the  world. 

REMARKABLE    CONDITIONS    OF    MANUFACTURE. 

Everyone,  of  course,  knows  the  international  reputation  of  the  Steinway  piano, 
al'though  but  few  know  of  how  it  is  made  and  under  What  remarkable  conditions 
it  is  prepared  for  the  grand  service  to  which  it  is  eventually  put.  It  will  therefore 
be  the  object  of  this  article  to  carry  the  reader  through  the  wonderful  workrooms 
of  the  Steinway  model  factories,  showing  as  clearly  as  possible  just  what  goes 
into  a  Steinway  piano  and  why  its  place  of  manufacture  is  the  certain  realization 
of  the  Utopian  dream. 

There  are  three  Steinway  factories  in  New  York.  Two  of  them  are  located  at 
Steinway,  Long  Island,  a  booming  little  town  just  opposite  and  paralleling  the 
U'pper  eastern  section  of  Manhattan.  The  site  of  Steinway  compriges  about  four 
■hundred  acres,  which  immense  tract  was  purchased  by  the  original  Steiniway 
about  fifty  years  ago.  At  that  time  the  ground  was  only  nominal  in  value,  but 
to-day  it  is  worth  millions  of  dollars. 

THE  PIANO'S  ORIGINAL.  HOME. 

The  third  factory,  which  was  the  original  Steinway  factory,  is  located  in  Man- 
hattan, a/t  the  corner  of  Fifty-third  Street  and  Park  Avenue.  It  has  been  standing 
for  fifty  years,  and,  although  at  one  time  all  Steinway  pianos  were  manufactured 
under  its  roof,  it  is  now  used  only  as  a  finishing  factory,  while  the  operation  of 
manufacture  begins  at  Steinway,  at  what  is  known  as  the  Riker  Avenue  factory. 
From  this  factory  it  proceeds  to  the  Ditmars  Avenue  factory,  which  is  a  mile 
distant,  and  thence  to  the  Manhattan  finishing  factory. 

At  the  Riker  Avenue  factory  site  are  also  located  the  immense  lumber  yards 
of  Steinway  &  Sons,  possibly  the  most  remarkable  lumber  yards  in  the  world.  It 
is  well  known,  of  course,  that  lumber  composes  the  main  parts  of  a  piano,  and 
consequently  the  utmost  care  is  employea  in  its  selection  and  care. 

In  the  construction  of  the  Steinway  piano  about  twenty  different  kinds  of 
lumber  are  used,  and  more  than  six  million  feet  are  always  on  hand  in  the 
yards.  The  method  of  seasoning  the  lumber  is  unique.  It  remains  in  the  yards 
and  sheds  for  from  five  to  ten  years  before  it  is  ready  to  be  used  for  piano  parts. 
This  means  that  the  manufacturers  have  constantly  tied  up  in  lumber  alone  a 
sum  of  money  approximating  half  a  million  dollars.  As  the  lumber  is  used,  it  is 
immediately  replaced,  so  that  at  all  times  the  j'ard  is  full. 

COMPARED  TO  A  MOTHER'S  LOVE. 

The  care  taken  of  the  Steinway  lumber  may  be  compared  to  that  of  a  mother 
for  a  child.  In  the  first  place,  it  is  a  well-known  fact  among  those  conversant 
with  the  making  of  pianos  that  the  house  of  Steinway  pays  a  substantial  bonus 
to  owners  of  lumber  yards  for  the  privilege  of  having  its  buyers  take  their  pick 
of  the  lumber  before  any  one  else  has  an  opportunity  to  get  at  it.  In  this  way 
the  finest  lumber  is  obtained  exclusively  by  the  Steinways. 

The  Steinway  lumber  buyers  are  no  doubt  the  best  judges  of  piano  lumber  in- 
the  world.  They  go  into  a  lumber  yard  and  examine  every  plank  minutely.  Select- 
ing just  exactly  what  they  want,  they  keep  guard  over  it  until  it  is  delivered 
safely  into  the  Steinway  yards  at  the  Riker  Avenue  factory.  As  soon  as  it  reaches 
this  destination  each  plank  is  recorded,  just  the  same  as  a  bank  cashier  would 
record  dollars.  Then  the  lumber  is  piled,  and  across  the  end  of  each  plank  a  small 
strip  of  wood  is  nailed  so  that  the  plank  is  prevented  from  checking.  In  addition, 
the  date  of  its  reception  is  stamped  upon  the  plank,  as  well  as  the  name  of  the 
buyer. 

REMAIN  IN  LUMBER  YARDS  FOR  YEARS. 

Some  of  these  planks  remain  in  the  yard  for  years  before  they  are  regarded 

806 


as  perfect  enough  to  start  on  their  way  through  a  seasoning  shed,  where  they 
remain  on  an  average  of  about  two  years,  and  thence  through  a  series  of  drying 
kilns.  After  making  the  proper  test,  a  test  which  is  secret,  by  the  way.  In  the 
drying  kilns,  the  lumber  is  ready  to  become  a  part  of  a  Steinway  piano,  but  it  Is 
many  months,  land  sometimes  years,  before  it  is  finally  put  out  as  the  finished 
Steinway  piano. 

It  is  little  w^onder,  in  view  of  the  lumber  preparation,  that  a  Steinwa3'  piano 
lasts  perfectly  through  several  generations.  In  fact,  a  very  considerable  part  of 
the  reputation  of  the  Steinway  piano  is  based  upon  the  preparatory  treatment  of 
lumber,  • 

At  the  cost  of  about  $100,000  an  immense  lumber  shed  was  erected  at  the  Riker 
Avenue  plant,  the  only  lumber  shed  of  its  kind  in  the  world.     It  has  an  area  of 


AN    ALLEY   OF   LUMBER   AT    RIKER   AVENUE    PLANT,    WORTH    HALF   A    MILLION 

DOLLARS. 


I 


27,000  square  feet,  with  a  capacity  of  about  five  million  feet  of  lumber.  The  shed 
is  built  on  open  pillar  work,  with  open  work  under  its  roof,  so  that  at  all  times 
there  is  perfect  circulation  of  air,  as  well  as  protection  from  rain,  etc. 

GLUE  A  VERY  IMPORTANT  FACTOR. 

Glue  plays  a  very  important  part  in  the  making  of  a  piano.  It  may  be  sur- 
prising to  know  that,  although  the  Steinways  for  fifty-four  years  have  used  only 
the  Peter  Cooper  glue,  every  shipment  of  glue  received  at  the  factories  is  sub- 
jected to  a  chemical  analysis,  and  unless  it  conforms  perfectly  to  such  a  test  it 
is  thrown  out. 

A  .similar  test  is  made  of  the  mixture  of  iron,  which,  as  used  to-day,  is  iden- 
tically the  same  as  that  used  forty  years  ago,  and  which  has  never  been  improved 

807 


upon.    This  mixture  of  iron  is  used  for  making  the  plat^,  and  has  a  transverse 
strength  of  between  42,000  and  48,000  pounds  to  the  square  inch. 

All  the  tests  are  made  in  the  offices  of  Mr.  A.  J.  Menal,  who  is  in  charge  of 
the  Hiker  Avenue  factory,  and  who  has  been  making  Steinway  pianos  for  twenty- 
five  years,  and  is  an  expert  in  every  sense  of  the  word, 

AN  ENTIRE  ABSENCE  OF  "HUSTLE." 
One  thing  very  noticeable  as  one  goes  through  the  Steinway  factories  is  the  entire 
absence  of  hurry  on  the  part  of  the  workmen.  They  take  plenty  of  time  in  pre- 
paring the  wood  products,  and  do  not  allow  themselves  to  be  disturbed  in  any 
way  while  at  their  tasks.  They  are  not  urged  to  make  haste,  and  would  probably 
rebel  if  they  were  required  to  relinquish  their  work  before  they,  and  not  the  fore- 
man, were  satisfied  with  it.  Nearly  all  of  these  men  have  been  making  Steinway 
piianos  for  years.  Many  of  them  began  as  boys  and  are  now  grown  old  in  the 
service.  It  is  not  uncommon  to  meet  men  who  have  been  there  thirty  or  forty 
years,  and  some  who  have  spent  half  a  century  there.  As  one  old  gentleman 
put  it: 

"We  never  think  of  leaving.    "We  live  and  die  right  here.'* 

A  great  many  of  the  men  now  thirty  and  forty  years  in  the  Steinway  fac- 
tories followed  in  the  footsteps  of  their  fathers,  many  of  whom  came  to  this 
country  at  the  behest  of  the  first  Steinway,  from  Germany. 

MANY    BUILDINGS    MAKE    VAST    PLANT. 

The  Riker  Avenue  factory,  complete,  includes  a  two-story  administration  build- 
ing, a  five-s'tory  piano  case  factory,  a  four-story  drying  kiln,  a  two-story  sawmill, 
a  three-story  metal  factory,  a  foundry,  a  plate-casting  storage  building,  a  plate- 
casting  shop,  a  plate-japanning  and  bronzing  shop,  a  glue-boiler-house,  three 
lumber  storage  buildings,  a  boiler-house,  a  pump-house,  a  coal  and  coke  shed, 
and  a  foundry  sand  shed.  One  hundred  and  twenty-two  machines  are  in  use  in 
the  cabinet  and  metal  shop.     They  are  driven  by  9,000  feet  of  belting. 

Nearly  five  hundred  men  are  employed  at  the  Riker  Avenue  factory,  who  fur- 
nish about  $1,000,000  worth  of  the  raw  product  to  the  Ditmars  Avenue  factory, 
where  the  next  steps  are  taken  in  building  the  Steinway  pianos. 

In  the  Ditmars  Avenue  factory  the  piano  cases  are  assembled,  the  sounding- 
boards  placed  in  them,  and  the  varnishing  done.  This  factory  covers  several  city 
blocks  and  is  three  stories  high.  The  sounding-boards  are  made  in  this  factory. 
There  are  some  wonderful  machines  to  be  found  here.  The  immense  rubbing 
machines  are  so  perfect  that  they  do  the  -fine  rubbing  equally  as  well  as  could  be 
done  by  hand.  The  varnishing  process  in  vogue  is  the  most  thorough  and  com- 
plete to  be  found  anywhere. 

GOING  THROUGH   THE   VARNISH   ROOMS. 

Every  grand  piano  case  receives  six  coats  of  varnish.  After  the  varnishing 
has  been  completed  the  pianos  are  put  away  for  two  or  three  months,  and  then 
they  are  ready  to  be  rubbed.  And  such  a  rubbing  they  do  get!  They  are  rubbed 
until  they  are  as  smooth  and  as  brilliant  as  a  mirror,  and  when  the  rubbers  are 
through  with  them  they  get  the  last  coat  of  varnish,  technically  known  as  the 
"flowing  coat,"  and  then,  after  drying  several  days,  they  are  sent  to  the  big  fac- 
tory in  Manhattan  where  the  action  and  keys  are  placed  in  them  and  all  the  fine 
work  necessary  to  make  them  playable  is  done.  Here  also  the  cases  are  hand 
polished. 

After  going  through  several  departments  the  pianos  reach  the  finishing  floor, 
which  is  in  charge  of  Mr.  Otto  Koch,  who  is  seventy-five  years  old,  and  who  has 
been  making  Steinway  pianos  for  more  than  fifty  years.  He  has  seen  more  Stein- 
way pianos  made  than  any  other  living  man.  Mr.  Koch  came  to  this  country 
shortly  afler  the  founder  of  the  Steinway  house,  and  from  tVie  first  day  he  landed 
here  until  the  present  time  he  has  been  employed  In  the  Steinway  factories. 

EVERT    FOREMAN   HAS   AN    "UNDERSTUDY." 
While  every  department  In  the  Steinway  factories  Is  presided  over  by  men  who 
have   devoted   their   lives   to    making  the  famous  piano,   each   executive   has   an 

808 


understudy,  so  to  speak,  and  in  the  event  of  illness  or  death  of  any  of  the  heads 
of  departments  their  places  are  immediately  filled  by  men  who  have  studied  under 
tliem  and  who  are  capable  of  carrying  on  the  work  without  the  slightest  deviation 
from  the  original  plan. 

In  all  the  Steinway  factories,  including:  the  Immense  export  factory  which  la 
located  at  Hamburg,  Germany,  there  are  about  2,000  men  employed,  and  every 
man  is  as  loyal  to  the  house  as  though  it  were  his  own.  They  all  seem  proud  of 
their  connection  with  the  firm,  and  regard  their  work  as  a  labor  of  love.  Harmony 
prevails  'throughout  the  great  Steinway  industry  from  the  heads  of  the  house 
down  to  the  lowliest  employee. 

There  are  about  6,000  Steinway  pianos  made  annually.  Four  thousand  are  made 
here,  averaging  2,4(X)  grands  and  1,600  uprights,  and  2,000  are  made  at  Hamburg. 

HOW  A   SOUNDING-BOARD   IS  MADE. 

The  sounding-boards  that  go  into  the  Steinway  pianos  are  doubtless  the  best 
in  the  world.  This  part  of  a  piano  must  be  perfect,  and  the  manner  of  making 
them  is  very  costly  because  of  the  waste  necessary. 

The  Steinway  sounding-boards  are  made  in  the  Ditmars  Avenue  factory.  There 
is  one  man,  a  grizzled  old  fellow,  In  this  factory  who  has  been  selecting  the  lumber 


i 


DITMARS    AVEXUE    FACTORY. 

"BELLYMEX"  PUTTIXG  SOUNDING-BOARDS  IN  GRAND  PIANOS.— BENDING  POLES 

ARE    REQUIRED    FOR   THIS    IMPORTANT    TASK. 

for  the  sounding-boards  for  many  years.  He  does  nothing  else.  The  sounding- 
boards  are  made  of  about  seventeen  small  boards,  but  when  they  are  finished  and 
placed  in  the  pianos  they  look  like  a  single  board,  so  perfectly  are  the  small  pieces 
mated.  In  matching  the  small  boards  the  expert  in  charge  tlirows  out  nearly  half 
of  them,  because  they  do  not  conform  as  to  grain  and   color.     The  boards  thus 

809 


thrown  out,  despite  the  fact  that  they  have  been  in  treatment  for  years,  are  an 
utter  loss,  so  far  as  the  sounding-boards  are  concerned.  The  sounding-boards  are 
alwaj's  made  of  spruce  lumber. 

When  the  sounding-boards  are  placed  in  the  pianos  and  fastened  to  the  plate, 
the  inside  of  a  Steinway  piano  is  as  though  it  were  made  entirely  of  one  huge 
piece.  This  is  due  to  the  many  patented  devices  controlled  by  the  Steinway  house, 
•which  have  been  the  result  of  years  of  experiment. 

IDEAS   OF   FOUNDER   ARE    STOLEN. 

When  the  original  Steinway  came  to  this  country  and  began  the  manufacture 
of  pianos— some  fifty-five  years  ago— he  failed  to  secure  patents  upon  several  of 


A    ROW    OF    THE    POPULAR    VERTEGRANDS    AT    THE    FIFTY-THIRD    STREET 

FINISHING   FACTORY. 

his  great  improvements,  with  the  result  that  many  competitors  appropriated  his 
Ideas  and  began  the  manufacture  of  "imitation  Steinways,"  for  commercial  pur- 
poses alone,  with  the  result  that  the  strictly  commercial  piano  came  into  being, 
and  is  to-day  sold  by  the  thousands  to  persons  who  know  a  piano  only  by  its 
outside  appearance,  and  cannot  understand  why  the  Steinways  demand  such  a 
good  pince  for  their  product  when  something  that  "looks  as  nice"  can  be  obtained 
for  much  less. 

Some  of  these  commercial  pianos  are  made  from  lumber  that  is  not  seasoned 
two  weeks,  and  in  many  cases  actually  fall  apart  after  being  used  a  short  time. 
Such  pianos  are  merely  "assembled."  For  instance,  a  commercial  piano  manu- 
facturer, who  is  after  only  the  money,  buys  his  piano  cases  of  one  firm,  his  plates 
of  another,  his  action  and  keys  of  a  third,  and  so  on  until  he  acquires  all  the 
parts.  Then  he  throws  them  together  after  a  fashion,  and  they  are  ready  for  sale. 
This  sort  of  manufaoturer  seldom  puts  his  own  name  on  his  "assembled"  products. 

810 


He  puts  them  out  under  what  is  known  as  a  "stencil  name,"  or  he  will  put  a 
dealer's  name  on  the  piano,  and  the  dealer  palms  it  off,  in  many  cases,  as  a  high- 
class  piano  that  is  made  especially  for  his  esthetic  trade. 

MUCH  TRICKERY  TO  ENSNARE  THE  INNOCENTS. 

There  is  more  trickery  in  the  piano  industry  from  the  commercial  standpoint 
than  in  any  other,  and  it  behooves  the  innocent  purchaser  to  be  sure  of  his  ground 
before  he  undertakes  the  purchase  of  a  piano. 

The  Steinways  are  the  only  pia^'o  manufacturers  in  the  world  who  make  every 
component  part  of  their  piano.  This  principle  was  established  by  the  founder 
of  the  house,  and  has  been  rigidly  adhered  to  ever  since. 

The  history  of  the  Steinway  family,  founders  of  one  of  the  greatest  industries 


800    GRAND    PIANOS    IN    ONE    ROW    AT    DITMARS    AVENUE    PLANT. 

In  the  world,  -is  an  interesti..g  one.  There  are  at  the  present  time  seven  members 
of  the  Steinway  blood  conducting  the^  business  of  the  firm  and  perpetuating  the 
Steinway  traditions. 

ROMANTIC    HISTORY    OF    FIRST    GENIUS. 

The  first  Steinway  to  build  a  piano  was  Henry  Engelhard  Steinway,  who  was 
born  February  15,  1797,  in  Wolfshagen,  a  forest  town  of  the  Hartz  Mountains,  in 
t'he  Grand  Duchy  of  Brunswick,  Germany.  He  came  of  a  family  of  soldiers,  many 
of  'Whom  had  gained  high  distinction  in  the  army.  Owing  to  war  and  a  domestic 
tragedy,  he  found  himself  the  sole  survivor  of  his  family  at  tlie  age  of  fifteen  and 
without  means.  His  father  and  three  older  brothers  had  been  struck  dead  by  a 
bolt  of  lightning  while  he  was  walking  with  them  in  a  forest.  He  was  unhurt  by 
the  horror,  many  believers  in  Destiny  lo  this  day  believing  that  he  was  saved  that 
he  miglit  perform,  a  greater  service  to  the  world. 

Penniless  and  homeless,   the   young  man  entered  the  army,   where  he  served 

811 


until  he  was  twenty-one,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged.  After  leaving  the 
army  he  settled  in  tne  hamlet  of  Seesen,  at  the  foot  of  the  Hartz  Mountains.  He 
married  in  1825,  and  a  year  later  his  first  child,  a  son,  was  born.  This  boy  was 
chfistened  C.  F.  Theodore  Steinway,  and  he  afterward  became  the  great  piano 
scientist  and  inventive  genius  who  designed  the  world-famed  Steinway  grands. 

AMBITION   FOR   HIS   FIRST   SON. 

Henry  E.  fcteinway  had  always  been  a  lover  of  music,  and  was  somewhat  of  a 
musician.  Upon  the  birth  of  his  son  his  greatest  am'bitlon  was  that  the  boy 
should  become  a  musician,  and,  being  a  cabinet-maker,  he  set  to  work  at  once  to 
build  a  piano  upon  which  the  lad  was  to  learn  to  play.  He  worked  day  and  night 
upon  the  instrument,  and  when  it  was  completed  he  was  the  proudest  father  in 
the  world.  He  had  no  thought  of  becoming  a  piano  manufacturer  at  that  time, 
and  it  was  not  until  one  of  the  rich  men  of  the  town  saw  and  heard  his  piano 
that  Steinway  began  to  see  a  future  in  the  piano  trade.  Insteacl  of  tlie  piano 
becoming  an  instrument  for  his  son  to  play,  it  was  sold  for  a  high  price,  and 
Steinway  at  once  entered  into  the  business  of  manufacturing  pianos.  He  improved 
upon  every  piano  of  that  day,  and  raised  the  status  of  the  instrument  from  a  state 
of  almost  worthlessness  to  a  standard  that  attracted  the  attention  of  the  civilized 
world. 

A  LARGE  AND  HAPPY  FAMILY. 

For  many  years  Henry  E.  Steinway  continued  a  piano  manufacturer  in  Seesen, 
and  became  the  father  of  a  large  and  happy  family.  The  second  child  born  was 
a  girl,  Doretta  Steinway,  who  later  became  the  mother  of  Henry  Ziegler,  at  pres- 
ent the  head  of  the  Department  of  Inventions  and  Construction  of  the  Steinway 
industry.  His  next  child  was  Charles  Steinway.  the  father  of  Charles  H.  Steinway, 
now  president  of  Steinway  &  Sons;  of  Frederick  T.  Steinway,  now  vice-president 
of  the  company,  and  of  Henry  W,  T.  Steinway.  The  next  child  was  Henry  Stein- 
way, Jr.,  and  then  came  Wilhelmina,  the  second  daughter  of  the  founder  of  the 
Steinway  house. 

William  Steinway  twas  the  next  born,  and  then  came  Albert  Steinway,  the  last 
of  the  seven  children,  every  one  of  whom  was  to  play  an  important  part  in  the 
great  business  'their  father  had  founded. 

The  revolution  of  1S48  greatly  crippled  the  business  of  Henry  E.  Steinway  in 
Germany,  and  he  decided  to  emigrate  to  America.  Careful  in  all  things,  he  decided 
to  investigate  the  new  country  before  making  the  move,  and  in  1849  he  sent  his 
second  son,  Charles  Steinway,  to  this  country  on  a  tour  of  inspection.  The  y-oung 
man's  reports  to  his  father  were  so  favorable  that  the  entire  family,  with  the 
exception  of  C.  F.  Theodore  Steinway,  came  to  the  United  States.  C.  F.  Theodore 
remained  behind  to  complete  unfinished  work,  and  in  a  few  years  more  he  joined 
his  father  and  brothers  in  this  country. 

FATHER  AND  SONS  BECOME  JOURNEYMEN. 

For  three  years  Steinway  and  his  boys  worked  as  journeymen  in  piano  fac- 
tories here  in  order  that  they  might  leai-n  the  exact  conditions  existing  in  this 
country,  and  then  they  started  the  business  which  has  been  the  most  wonderful 
in  all  the  piano  industry. 

An  insignificant  building  on  old  Varick  Street  was  the  first  Steinway  factory 
in  this  country.  The  first  pianos  made  here  and  turned  out  from  the  Varick 
Street  factory  created  a  furore  among  the  Americans.  It  was  not  long  after  their 
first  efforts  that  the  Stein  ways  were  famous  all  over  the  world.  They  moved  to  a 
larger  factory  on  Walker  Street,  and  then,  a  short  time  afterward,  built  the  New 
York  City  factory  at  Fifty-third  Street  and  Park  Avenue. 

The  Stein  ways  invented  the  "overstrung  system"  for  the  piano.  They  invented 
other  great  improvements  that  made  the  tone  of  their  pianos  superior  to  all  others. 
The   crowned   heads   of   Europe,    by   royal   warrant,    Hppointed  the   Steinways  as 

ei3 


makers  of  their  pianos,  and  they  are  still  nialcin^  tlie  pianos  used  in  the  homes  of 
royalty,  as  well  as  for  the  greatest  musicians  of  tlie  times. 


BOYS  COMPELLED  TO  WORK  AS  APPRENTICES. 

Henry  E.  Steinway  compelled  every  one  Of  his  sons  to  go  into  the  factory  and 
learn  how  to  build  a  Steinway  piano.  They  in  turn  compelled  their  sons  to  work 
at  the  bench  until  tliey  were  capable  of  tuj-niug  out  the  perfect  Steinway.  In  this 
manner  the  great  liouse  lias  continued  to  develop  members  of  the  blood,  and  con- 
sequentlj'  the  pianos  are  made  according  to  the  precepts  of  the  originators. 

The  sons  of  the  present  generation  learned  the  trade  at  the  bench.  They  were 
taken  into  the  big  factories  as  mere  apprentice  boys  and,  under  hard  taskmasters, 
were   required   to  learn  every  step  of  the   piano-building  business.     Each  of   the 


ROOM    OF    APPRENTICES    AT    RIKER    AVENUE    FACTORY    WHERE    BOYS    OP 
STEINWAY   BLOOD  START  TO   LEARN   HOW  TO   MAKE  PIANOS. 


THE 


boys  graduated,  and,  in  addition  to  their  proficiency  in  piano  building,  they  were 
all  given  a  thorough  education  in  music.  These  boys  of  the  present  generation 
are  preparing  to  take  the  reins  of  their  elders,  and  in  future  years  will  guide  the 
destinies  of  the  house. 

SEVEN    MEMBERS    OF    THE    BLOOD    NOW    ACTIVE. 

The  seven  members  of  the  Steinway  blood  who  are  now  actively  engaged  in 
conducting  the  affairs  of  the  company  are  Charles  H.  Steinway,  President;  Fred- 
erick T.  Steinway,  Head  of  the  Department  of  Manufacture;  Henry  Ziegler,  Head 
of  the  Department  of  Inventions  and  Construction;  William  R.  Steinway,  Assistant 
to  President  Charles  H.  Steinway;  Theodore  E.  Steinway,  Theodore  Cassebeer,  and 
Edwin  Cassebeer.    The  liast  four  named  are  the  fourth  generation  of  Steinways. 

Steinway  Hall,  on  Fourteenth  Street,  in  this  city,  once  famous  as  the  country's 
greatest  music  kail,  while  practically  devoted  entirely  to  wareroom  purposes  now, 
nevertheless  is  still  the  most  noted  music  centre  in  the  United  States,  being 
the  acknowledged  rendezvous  for  musicians  from  all  over  the  world. 

813 


AN  EXQUISITE  MUSICAL  INSTRUMENT 

WITHIN  REACH  OF  YOUR  PURSE. 


THE  Laffargue  Piano  is  pre-eminently  a  high-grade  instrument  at  a  moderate  cost. 
In  its  manufacture  no  detail  has  been  considered  too  small  to  be  overlooked  by  the 
manufacturers.  Each  particle  of  material  that  enters  into  its  construction  is  thor- 
oughly examined,  and,  unless  reaching  the  required  high  standard  of  excellence,  is  rejected; 
so  that  a  purchaser  of  a  Laffargue  Piano  may  rest  content  that  there  is  no  better  instru- 
ment on  the  market. 

The  firm  that  makes  the  piano  takes  pride  In  putting  only  the  best  products  of  up-to- 
date  science  into  it.  The  same  uniform  care  is  used  in  selecting  the  material,  whether  it  be 
the  plate,  the  soundboard,  or  the  wires,  or  the  case,  the  action  keys  or  any  other  part. 

A  point  regarding  which  particular  attention  is  paid,  and  which  has  much  to  do  in 
producing  the  perfect  musical  tone  of  the  piano,  is  the  testing  that  is  made  of  all  its 
materials.  When  once  the  perfect  material  is  found  it  is  never  changed  for  a  cheaper 
quality.  The  resulting  tonal  qualities,  therefore,  never  vary,  and  one  Laffargue  Piano  is 
of  the  same  lofty  standard  of  perfection  as  every  other  one. 

One  of  the  most  noteworthy  features  of  the  piano  is  its  durability.  It  has  an  unex- 
celled reputation  for  wearing  well  and  for  standing  long  in  tune.  In  order  that  these  high 
attributes  may  continue,  the  heads  of  the  firm  have  always  given  to  each  instrument  built 
at  the  factory  their  personal  supervision.  No  piano  is  ever  shipped  out  of  the  company's 
plant  that  has  not  received  this  careful  inspection.  It  is  a  matter  of  congratulation  among 
the  firm's  chiefs  that  the  established  fame  of  their  instruments,  as  undoubtedly  the  best 
value  for  the  money,  is  still  maintained. 

"WTiile  the  firm  has  turned  out  a  most  beautiful  looking  piano,  the  directors  adhere  to 
the  principle  that  such  an  instrument  should  not  be  selected  for  its  looks,  but  for  its 
durability  and  quality,  so  that  it  is  a  cardinal  rule  with  them  never  to  sacrifice  tone  and 
lasting  qualities  to  mere  outward  appearance. 

Eminent  musicians  have  frequently  commented  on  what  they  term  "the  unrivalled  tone" 
of  the  Laffargue  Pianos.  The  firm  explains  this  splendid  feature  by  the  care  that  the 
scale  receives.  It  was  only  after  the  most  untiring  efforts  that  this  perfection  of  the  scale 
was  attained.  The  musical  and  refined  treble,  the  long  vibrating  and  single  qualities,  and 
the  full  and  smooth  bass,  found  only  in  the  very  best  makes  of  pianos,  are  accentuated  in 
these  instruments,  where  they  are  found  in  their  fullest  measure. 

This  firm  makes  a  special  point  of  having  its  employees  masters  of* their  craft.  Great 
care  is  taken  in  selecting  men  to  do  the  delicate  work  required  in  the  building  of  these 
pia/ios,  as  a  bungler  might  spoil  the  best  efforts  of  his  co-workers.  The  men  are  put 
through  a  thorough  examination  before  they  are  permitted  in  the  factory. 

And  now  a  word  about  the  Laffargue  Piano  Player.  This  is  an  ideal  instrument  for 
the  home.  It  combines  the  piano  and  the  automatic  player  in  such  harmony  that  every 
shade  of  music,  from  the  most  delicate  pianissimo  to  the  most  intense  forte,  is  equally  at 
its  command.  The  automatic  control  is  perfection,  and  by  its  intelligent  use  the  rendition 
of  the  most  classical  compositions  is  easy.  The  adjustments  of  the  mechanical  parts  of  the 
Player  are  so  cleverly  contrived  that  even  a  child  may  find  no  difficulty  in  playing  the 
instrument.  A  feature  of  the  Player  is  that  it  retains  all  the  famous  singing  qualities  for 
which  the  Laffargue  Piano  is  distinguished. 

So  highly  does  the  firm  think  of  its  piano  that  with  each  sale  of  one  it  gives  to  the 
purchaser  a  guarantee  for  six  years,  agreeing  to  put  it  in  good  repair  at  the  factory,  pro- 
vided the  instrument  has  not  been  subjected  to  abuse. 

An  inspection  of  the  Laffargue  factory  is  most  interesting.  To  see  the  men  actually  at 
work  putting  into  the  case  the  wires  and  other  parts  is  an  impressive  sight.  One  cannot 
but  be  struck  by  the  great  care  and  pains  taken  to  have  everything  just  right.  One  may 
well  say,  when  he  sees  these  clever  experts  at  work,  that  they  are  all  geniuses,  for  they 
have  "such  an  infinite  capacity  for  taking  pains,"  which  is  the  accepted  definition  of  a 
genius. 

The  makers  of  this  instrument  are  always  pleased  to  send  information,  catalogues,  etc., 
to  inquirers.  The  company's  firm  name  is  Laffargue  &  Co.,  and  their  factory  and  main 
office  is  at  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-fourth  street  and  Southern  Boulevard,  New  York. 

14^ 


An  Old  Musical  Enterprise  tbat  Keeps  ia  the  \ 

Van  of  Modern  Triaipbs  and  Achievenients.' 


WHEN  a  musical  instrument  has  stood  the  test  of  time  and  has  steadily  gained  in 
popularity  and  sales  throughout  a  long  term  of  years,  sterling  merit  ia  behind  this 
triumph.  History  tells  us  that  it  is  only  the  fittest  that  survive,  and  this  is  as 
true  of  musical  instruments  as  it  is  of  races  of  mankind.  The  Behning  Piano  is  an  instru- 
ment that,  placed  on  the  market  years  ago,  has  steadily  won  its  way  to  the  foremost  ranks 
of   the  trade,   and  each  year  sees  more  of  these  splendid  pianos   sold. 

The  Behning  Piano  is  one  of  the  oiaes.t  makes  in  the  country.  It  is  noted  for  its 
exceptional  wearing  qualities.  In  tonal  quality,  in  sweet,  singing  properties,  it  is  at  the 
very  summit  of  the  piano  making  art.  In  appearance  it  is  very  handsome,  and  both  quality 
of  looks  and  quality  of  musical  tone  are  of  the  kind  that  endure.  This  piano  will  stay  in 
tune  longer  than  any  other  on  the  market  with  proper  care.  i 

Since  the  company  first  began  to  manufacture  pianos  it  has  made  it  a  maxim  of  its 
busirfess  policy  to  keep  in  the  very  fore  of  the  development  of  the  piano-making  science. 
Whatever  new  was  discovered  or  invented  that  was  found  superior  to  the  old  in  helping 
to  turn  out  a  perfect  instrument  was  at  once  adopted,  extra  cost  not  being  considered  at  all. 
The  object  ha?s  always  bfeen  to  produce  the  most  perfect  musical  instrument  possible,  the 
question  of  expensfe  being  of  mirror  importance  in  the  eyes  of  the  firm.  At  the  same  time, 
the  cost  to  the  purchaser  has  been  kept  down  to  the  lowest  possible  point,  so  that  in  the 
Behning  Piano  there  is  more  value  than  is  to  be  found  in  other  makes. 

With  it-s  progressive  policy,  it  was  most  natural  that  the  company  should  take  up  the 
Playc-Piano  when  tlie  invention  first  appeared  on  the  musical  horizon.  At  once  the  firm 
went  to  work  to  turn  out  the  most  perfect  Player-Piano  that  could  be  made,  experts  being 
sent  wherever  in  the  world  the  development  of  these  inventions  could  be  studied  to  the  best 
advantage.  In  these  pianos  the  player  part  comes  in  the  natural  size  piano,  and  is  the 
only  one  that  does.     This  is  not  true  of  any  other  make. 

There  is  no  weakening  of  any  of  the  parts  of  the  piano  in  cutting  down  the  thickness 
of  the  back,  which  other  players  exit  down  from  one-half  to  three-quarters.  The  player- 
action  can  be  taken  out  in  less  than  a  half-minute's  time,  exposing  all  the  strings,  so  that 
a  new  string  can  be  readily  put  in.  This  accessibility  riiakes  the  instrument  very  handy 
for  tuners  to  get  at.  It  is  very  easy  to  produce  the  slightest  pianissimo  effect,  and  pressure 
with  the  feet  in  an  instant  brings  out  the  fortissimo. 

The  company  makes  a  specialty  of  pro^'iding  for  the  needs  of  persons  who  dwell  in 
smaM  quarters.  ■  The  firm  manufactures  the  smallest  Player-Piano  on  the  market,  as  well 
as  the  larger  sizes.  It  makes  one  as  small  as  four  feet  four  inches  in  heie-ht  by  twenty- 
six  inches  in  dept(h.  Another  convenient  size  that  is  much  sought  is  four  feet  eight  and  a 
half  inches  in  height  by  twenty-seven  in  depth. 

A  recapitulation  of  *he  peculiar  advantages  of  the  Behning  Player-Piano  are:  There 
is  no  increase  In  the  size  of  the  case;  no  decrease  in  the  thickness  of  the  back;  it  pumps 
as  easily  as  it  can  be  taken  apart;  the  entire  piano  is  accessible  for  tuning,  voicing,  regu- 
lating, and  replacing  of  broken  strings. 

In  producing  what  they  consider  the  most  perfect  Player-Piano  on  the  rnarket  the 
officials  of  the  Behning  Piano  Company  ha\'e  had  in  mind  the  growth  of  the  musical  spirit 
in  America.  They  say  that  only  men  in  the  trade  have  an  adequate  conception  of  the 
widespread  interest  in  music  in  this  country,  and  they  are  convinced  that  this  means 
that"  America  wiH  soon  take  the  leading  role  in  the  musical  world.  There  is  a  demand  for 
good  music  on  far  Western  plains,  amid  fastnesses  of  the  Sierra  Madre  Mountains  of  New 
Mexico,  and  in  the  cabins  of  Alaskan  miners.  The  demand  throughout  the  middle  West 
and  the  South  is  very  great  and  constantly  increasing.  In  the  cities  of  the  North.  Middle, 
and  the  New  England  States  it  is  enormous.  The  reason  that  the  popularity  of  the  Behning 
Player-Piano  in  all  these  sections  is  so  great  is  that  it  does  not  get  out  of  order  and  is  so 
easily  manipulated.  Should  any  repairing  be  required,  the  construction  is  such  that  it  can 
be  done  with  very  little  trouble  and  expense.  The  durability  of  the  Player-Piano  insures  Its 
lasting  for  years,   a  lifetime  with  ordinary  attention. 

The  Behning  Piano  Company,  whose  headquarters  are  at  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-first 
Street  and  Park  Avenue,  New  York  City,  always  is  pleased  to  give  all  particulars  and 
Information  desired. 

815 


The  Krakauer  Piano  is  the  Product  of  Musical  Genius 


FOR  thirty-five  years  the  Krakauer 
Piano  has  held  its  place  at  the  head 
of  the  piano  procession.  It  is  an 
epitome  of  all  that  is  best  in  a  high-class 
musical  instrument.  There  is  no  piano 
made  that  is  its  superior  in  mechanical 
perfection,  in  tone,  in  lasting  qualities.  It 
is  a  piano  with  a  soul,  as  well  as  a  body. 
A  musician  who  sits  down  before  it  and 
touches  a  chord  instantly  finds  inspira- 

THE    KRAKAUER    FACTORY.  *-^      •     it  i     :i      ii     j.  u        i    e      tu 

Cypress    Avenue.    136th    to    137th    Streets.        tlO^  in  the  melody  that  burstS  forth. 

The  business  of  the  Krakauer  Piano  had  its  inception  under  somewhat  different 
auspices  from  business  concerns  of  to-day.  The  Krakauer  family  was  one  with  a  talent 
for  music.  They  were  natural  musicians.  In  addition,  they  had  practical  ideas  about 
piano-making.  They  wanted  to  make  an  instrument  that  would  interpret  music  to 
the  best  advantage.  They  made  some  on  these  advanced  lines,  and  it  was  so  superior  to 
other  pianos  that  they  determined  to  go  in  business  more  extensively.  The  result  is 
that  to-day  the  most  refined  homes  in  the  United  States  and  other  countries  are  equipped 
with  a  Krakauer  Piano. 

No  better  tribute  to  the  excellence  of  the  Krakauer  Piano  is  possible  than  the 
enormous  popularity  that  it  has  gained.  Never,  since  the  firm  of  Krakauer  Bros,  was 
formed,  has  it  been  able  to  make  enough  of  its  pianos  to  keep  up  to  the  demand.  There 
have  always  been  sheaves  of  orders  waiting  to  be  filled.  And  they  are  filled,  with  as 
little  delay  as  possible,  and  it  is  an  invariable  experience  that  the  purchasers  write  en- 
thusiastically to  the  manufacturers  extolling  the  merits  of  the  instrument. 

The  Krakauer  business  has  grown  so  fast  that  it  is  now  second  to  none  in  its  line. 
The  factory  where  the  pianos  are  made  is  a  huge  structure,  and  the  State  Inspectors 
have  pronounced  it  the  best  equipped,  the  most  substantial  and  perfectly  adapted  to 
its  needs  of  any  piano  factory  in  the  great  Empire  State. 

The  men  who  make  the  various  complicated  parts  that  go  into  the  being  of  this 
piano  are  all  leading  experts  of  their  several  lines.  They  must  have  passed  a  crucial  test 
before  they  can  obtain  a  place  among  the  brilliant  staff  of  expert  workmen.  They  are 
all  under  the  personal  supervision  of  the  President  of  the  Company,  Mr.  Julius  Krakauer, 
himself  a  finished  musician. 

Besides  their  rare  tone  qualities  and  the  absolute  perfection  of  the  mechanical 
working  of  the  Krakauer  Pianos,  they  are  beautiful  instruments  and  add  charm  to  the 
most  exquisitely  furnished  apartments.  Their  possession  is  an  indication  of  the  refine- 
ment of  a  household. 

The  prices  of  the  Krakauer  Pianos  vary  from  $400  to  $575,  in  the  cabinet  variety, 
and  from  $650  to  $750  in  the  grands,  according  to  size.  They  are  the  biggest  value  for 
the  money  that  can  be  found  in  the  piano  trade.  The  absolute  minimum  price  is 
clmrged  that  will  enable  the  Company  to  put  the  instruments  on  the  market.  It  is  con- 
scientiously stated  that  no  greater  musical  bargain  can  be  found  in  the  world  than  a 
Krakauer  Piano.  This  piano  will  last  a  lifetime  and  will  retain  its  vigor  and  rich  tonal 
qualities  during  all  the  years  of  its  use. 

In  sending  your  order,  kindly  specify  the  date  at  which  you  must  hiive  the  piano, 
in  order  that  we  may  use  all  haste  in  getting  it  to  you,  as  our  orders  on  hand  are 
sufficient  to  keep  our  factory  busy  for  months  ahead. 

The  Krakauer  catalogues  wiUexplain  in  detail  the  perfection  of  these  instruments 
and  form  interesting  reading  for  the  music  lover. 


Main  Offices  and  Paotortest  Cypress  Ave.  and  186ch  .St.  \  }Ja%u  Ynw\r  Tifv 
Uuwntown  Retail  VVarerooins :  17  East  I4ch8€.  /  ilcW    Ior».  Viijr, 


816 


HOW  A  MUSICAL  FAMILY  PUT  ITS 

GENIUS  TO  PRACTICAL  USE 


TRAITS,   mental  and  physical,   are   Inherited.     We  all  know  how  some  quality   of  an 
ancestor,    perhaps    many    generations    back,    will    crop    out    in    a    descendant.      The 
descendants    of    a   seafaring   family,    though    themselves    born    in    the    interior,    have 
an    eager    longing    for    the    sea — they    are    happier    dwelling    on    the    seacoast    thaa 
among  the  mountains  away  from  it. 

Just  so  does  the  love  of  music  run  in  families.  The  famous  Decker  family,  of  New 
York,  is  an  instance  of  this.  Music  has  been  the  diversion  of  generations  of  the  Decker 
family.  It  is  a  talent  handed  down  from  father  to  son.  It  was  most  natural,  therefore, 
that  the  Decker  family,  when  seeking  a  business,  should  turn  instinctively  to  the  manu- 
facture of  a  musical  instrument  that  should  embody  all  the  elements  desired  by  a  thorough 
musician.  The  late  Myron  A.  Dicker,  founder  of  the  house  of  Decker  &  Son,  was  a 
musical  genius.  He  criticised  various  faults  in  the  pianos  of  the  day.  and  was  seized 
with  the  ambition  to  make  a  perfect  musical  instrument.  For  thi^  purpose  he  made  a 
deep  study  of  piano-making  in  all  its  branches.  With  this  knowledge,  superimposed  upon 
a   thorough  musical   education,   he  set  to   work  to  produce  the  perfect  piano. 

Just  as  he  studied  harmony  at  the  conservatory  so  he  studied  the  art  of  making 
piano  wire,  gained  a  complete  knowledge  of  which  woods  were  the  best  to  enhance  the 
tone  of  the  instrument,  of  how  these  woods  could  be  seasoned  to  the  best  possible  advan- 
tage. Every  mechanical  device  for  improving  the  quality  of  a  piano  was  mastered  by 
hjm,  and  all  this  wisdom  he  handed  down  to  his  son,  the  present  head  of  the  firm,  Mr. 
Frank  C.  Decker.  Mr.  Frank  C.  Decker,  in  turn,  is  handing  this  knowledge  down  to  his 
son,   Frank  C.   Decker,   Jr. 

The  result  is  that  these  musicians  turn  out  an  instrument  that  is  wonderful  In  tone, 
in  touch,  in  richness  of  volume,  in  durability,  in  the  elements  that  go  to  make  a  perfect 
piano.  Nor  must  the  beauty  of  the  instrument  be  overlooked.  Its  superb  case  construction, 
its  graceful  outlines,  its  beautiful  finish,  that  appeal  to  the  eye  of  the  artist,  make  it  an 
acquisition   for  any   home. 

Piano  making  has  advanced  to  such  a  perfect  science  that  there  has  been  a  distinct 
growth  in  the  musical  talent  of  the  American  public.  The  statistics  of  musical  colleges 
and  conservatories  prove  this.  Decker  &  Sons,  Nos.  699-703  East  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-fifth  Street.  New  York,  have  done  a  great  share  in  spreading  this  talent  throughout 
the  country  by  the  appealing  qualities   of  their  instruments. 

Retail  Warerooms,  25  East  125th  St. 


fJtfoUlu  in  Jtlanfjattam 


t Abingdon,  7  Abingdon  Square. 
•Albany,  Broadwaj'  and  41.st  street. 
*Albeniarle,  Broadway  and  24tli  Street. 
*Aibert,  University  Place  and  11th  Street. 
^America,  102  Ka.st  loth  Street. 
JAshland,  4th  Avenue  and  24tli  Street. 
*Ashton,  Madison  Avenue  and  93d  Street. 
*Astor  House,  Broadvvay,  oppo.site  Post-OflRce. 
*Astor,  Broadway,  44th  and  45th  Streets. 
*Bancrolt  House,  Broadway  and  "ilsl  Street. 
*Bartholdi,  ilroadway  and  23d  Street. 
^Belvedere,  4th  A  veinie  and  18lh  Street. 
*Beresford,  1  West  81st  Street. 
*Bre.slin,  Broadway  and  29th  Street. 
tBroadway  Central,  673  Broadway. 
JBrunswick,  89th  Street  and  Madist :u  Avenue. 
•Buckingham,  5th  Avenue  and  50th  Street. 
*(.'adillac.  Broadway  and  43d  Street. 
tCecil,  118th  Street  and  .St.  Nicholas  Avenue. 
•Colonial,  125th  Street  and  8th  Avenue. 
•(Continental,  Jiroadway  and  20th  Street. 
•Cosmopolitan,  Cliambers  St.  and  W.  Broadway, 
•Empire,  Broadway  and  63d  Street. 
JEndicott,  Columbus  Avenue  and  81.st  Street. 
•Everett  House.  4th  Avenue  and  17th  Street. 
tFifth  Avenue,  5th  Avenue  and  23d  street. 
iGilsey  House,  Broadway  and  20th  Street. 
tGotham,  5th  Avenue  and  55th  Street. 
•Grand,  Broad waj'  and  31st  Street. 
•Grand  Union,  4th  Avenue  and  42d  Street. 
•Grenoble,  7th  Avenue  and  56th  Street. 
•Herald  S<iuare,  34th  Street,  near  Broadway. 
•Hennitage,  7th  Avenue  and  42d  Street. 
•Hoffman  House,  1111  Broadway. 
•Holland  House,  5th  Avenue  and  30th  Street. 
•Imperial,  Broadway  and  32d  Street. 

•European  Plan.    fAmerlcan  Plan, 


'Knickerbocker,  Broadway  and  42d  Street 

•  Longacre,  157  West  47th  Street. 

•Majestic,  4  West  72d  Street. 

•Manhattan,  42d  Street  and  Madison  Avenue. 

♦Manhattan  Square,  56  W.  77th  Street. 

•Marie  Antoinette,  Broadway  and  66th  Street. 

•Marlborough ,  1355  Broadway. 

•Martha  Wa.shington, 4th  Avenueand29th  Street. 

tMartiiiique,  Broadway  and  32d  Street. 

•Metropole,  Broadway  and  42d  Street. 

•Mills  (No.  1),  Bleecker  and  Thompson  Streets. 

•Mills  (No.  2),  Iliviugton  and  Chrystie  Streets. 

•Mills  (new), 7th  Avenue  and  36th  Street. 

♦Murray  Hill,  Park  Avenue  and  40tli  Street, 

•Netherlaud,  corner  5th  Avenue  and  59th  Street. 

•New  Amsterdam,  4th  Avenue  ant!  21st  Street. 

•Park  Avenue,  Park  Avenue  and  32d  Street. 

•Plaza,  5th  Avenue  and  59th  Street. 

tRoland,  Madison  A  venue  and  59th  Street. 

•St.  Denis,  Broadway  and  11th  Street. 

JSt.  George,  Broadway  and  12th  Street. 

tSt.  Lorenz,  72d  Street  and  Lexington  Avenue. 

•St.  Regis.  5th  Avenue  and  55ih  Street, 

JSan  Remo,  Sth  Avenue  and  75th  Street. 

iSavoy,  5th  Avenue  and  59th  Street. 

•Seville,  corner  29lh  Street  and  Madison  Avenue. 

tSherman  Square,    Broadway  and  W.  71st  Street 

•Sinclair  House.  754  Broadwav. 

•Smith  &  McNeil's.  197  Washington  Street. 

•Stevens  House,  27  Broadway. 

tSturtevant,  147  W.  35th  Street 

•Union  Square,  15th  Street  and  Union  Square. 

•Victoria,  5th  Avenue  and  27th  Street. 

•Waldorf-Astoria,  Sth  Avenue,33d  to  34th  Street. 

t Westminster,  Irving  Place  and  ISlh  Street. 


^American  and  European  Plans. 
817 


THE  H.  B.  CLAFLIN  COMPANY 

IN  the  heart  of  the  "dry  goods  di"?trict"  of  New  York  stands  a  business  house  that 
is  pre-eminentl>  above  its  neighboring  business  houses.     It  is  more  than  a  mercan- 
tile establishment.     It  is  an  institution.     If  there  were   a  truly  competent  system 
of  guides  to  New  York,   as  there  is  in  all  the  greater  cities  of  Europe,  the  tourist 
would  be  taken  to  this  corner  and  shown  the  house  of  The  H.  B.   Clafiin  Companj%  at 
Church  and  Worth  streets,   as  one  of  the  things  not  to  be  missed  in  even  a  hurried 
inspection  of  the  sights  to  be  seen  in  the  greatest  American  city. 


For  this  is  a  clearing-house  of  the  whole  dry  goods  busine-:s,  East.  West,  North, 
and  Routh,  for  the  wholo  United  States.  That  is  not  to  say  that  every  merchant 
who  conies  to  town  buys  all  his  goods  in  this  one  place.  It  does  mean  that  scarcely 
a  merchant  comes  to  New  York  without  visiting  this  house,  and  that  every  such 
merchant's  visit  means  the  sale  of  a  bill  of  goods.  That  would  mean  a  highly  de- 
sirable state  of  trade  to  any  other  house,  and  one  upon  which  most  mercantile  estab- 
lishments would  be  content  to  limit  their  business.     Not  so  here. 

There  are  hundreds  of  great  manufacturing  concerns  that  require  one  speciil 
thing  which  is  "out  of  their  line."  Many  ^hoe  manufacturers  buy  annually  a  great 
quantity  of  a  fabric  suitable  for  the  lining  of  shoes  from  this  concern.  In  the  South 
the  great  plantations  which  ship  to  New  York  vegetables  grown  out  o?  the  New  York 
«;eason  protect  their  growing  crops  on  chilly  nights  with  a  thick  muslin  cloth.  These 
planters  order  thousands  and  thousands  of  yards  from  this  establishment  of  that 
particular  cloth.  Harness-makers  call  upon  this  samo  niarket  for  no  end  of  things. 
whicAi  either  go  into  their  finished  products  or  which  are  demanded  by  their  trade. 
These  illustrations  merely  serve  to  make  the  fact  known  that  hardly  a  large  manu- 
facturer in  the  United  State?  markets  his  product  without  having  bought  an  immense 
quantity  of  soTne  special  line  of  goods  out  of  this  universal  mart.  These  are  a  few 
instances  of  which  people  in  general  would  not  think,  and  it  is  not  necessary  to 
mention  the  thousands  of  manufacturers  whose  products  are  more  particularly  in  the 
line  of  goods  that  this  house  carries,  such  as  waist  manufacturers,  skirt  manufacturers, 
garment  manufacturers  of  all  sort.=?.  end,  in  fact,  any  into  whose  finished  product  cotton 
or  woollen  fabrics  enter. 

The  United  States,  through  various  bureaus  which  bear  upon  commerce,  even 
including  the  State  Department.  Ihas  taken  immense  pains  to  develop  an  export  trade 
for  the  benefit  of  the  merchants  and  manufacturers  of  the  whole  country.  It  has 
been  seen  that  no  small  part  of  tie  circumstances  which  culminated  in  the  greatest 
war  of  our  time — ^that  between  Russia  and  Japan — ^was  the  negotiations  undertaken 
by  the  Arcerican  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  Hay,  for  securing  a  market  open  to  all 
traders  of  the  whole  world  in  Manchuria.  The  H.  B.  Clafllin  Company  ,was,  interested 
above  all  American  traders,  perh.^ps  above  all  European  traders,  in  Mr..,Ji»^!s  success-, 
ful  efforts  to  establisli  the  principle  that  not  Russia,  nor  Germany,   nor  France.,  .jior 

•818  '' 


England,  nor  even  the  IJBited  States  might  be  able  to  fence  off  so  large  a  nortlon 
of  the  world  trom  the  open  tradin?  privileges  of  all  merchants  and  all  parts  of  th.e 
world.  This  great  house  has  intimate  and  steadfast  relations  with  the  great  distributing 
centres  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  having  opened,  within  the  last  few  years,  channels 
of  trade  with  the  largest  operating  firms,  with  which  the  Claflln  house  loes  a  direct 
business,  iustead  of,  as  formerly  done,  the  Chinese  business  through  Its  ManchCfcter 
house.  This  trade  has  grown  to  an  enormous  extent.  The  firm  also  ships  immense 
quantities  of  goods  to  all  European  ports.  The  firm  sells  to  dealers  all  over  the  United 
States,  to  the  largest  houses  as  well  as  the  smallest.  The  struggling  young  merchant 
in  a  country  town  who  is  ambitious  comes  to  Claflin's  for  aid  and  advice. 

Horace  B.  Claflin,  as  a  young  man.  established  a  retail  dry  goods  business  in  1831, 
and  "^ot  up  in  the  year  after  a  branch  at  Worcester,  Mass.  Mr.  Claflin  and  his 
brother-in-lc^w,  'v^t'O  wag  his  partner,  developed  a  business  that  outgrew  the  partner- 
ship. In  1S'?3  Mr.  Claflin  took  the  "Worcester  house  and  devoted  the  next  ten  years 
of  his  career  to  that  business.  Advertising  was  a  new  science  in  those  days,  but 
Claflin  made  the  most  of  it.  He  devised  new  methods  of  extending  his  business.  He 
"did  things"  that  other  merchants  had  never  thought  of  doing.  Boston  at  that  time 
monopolized  •  the  whole  business  in  New  England.  New  York,  then  a  city  of  less 
thnn  100,000  population,  was  coming  to  be  Boston's  rival.  His  business  grew.  Rival 
merchants,  who  had  predicted  failure,  saw  he  was  right  and  followed  his  example. 
The  Boston  dealers,  seeing  their  trade  carried  away,  began  to  try  to  outbid  the  favor- 
able terms  of  New  York.  The  germ  of  the  Claflin  house  of  this  day  was  in  the  policy 
that  these  conditions  forced   iipon  the  minr!  of  the  young  merchant  of  Worcester. 

In  1843  he  found  Worcester  a  iilace  ttat  he  had  outgrown  and  came  to  New  York 
and  with  William  P.  Bulkley  started  the  wholesale  dry  goods  business  of  Bulkley  & 
Claflin  at  No.  W  Cedar  street.  The  partners  had  a  cash  capital  of  $30,000.  and  each 
owned  property  outside  of  his  individual  share  in  the  business.  Those  were  times 
when  a  business  man  worth  $30,000  wus  a  considerable  personage  in  the  community. 
Cedar  street  was  at  that  time  the  centre  of  the  dry  goods  business.  New  York  grew 
and  the  house  grew  witn  it,  so  that  in  seven  years  the  young  merchants  had  to  look 
for  a  place  in  the  new  centre.  They  settled  at  No.  57  Broadway  in  1850.  A  year 
later  Mr.  flulklev  had  retired  w;th  a  comfortable  fortune.  Claflin  formed  a  new 
partnership  with  William  H.  Mellen  and  several  juniors  of  the  old  house,  under  the 
firm  nome  of  Claflin,  Mellen  &  Co.  They  moyed  uptown.  They  iJuilt  the  Trinity 
Building  at  No.  Ill  Broadw^.y,  which  only  recently  has  been  remo\ed  to  make  way 
for  a  "skyscraper."  In  1850  this  firm's  business  footed  up  the  enormous  total,  for  those 
days,  of  $13,500,000.  That  meant  that  the  Claflin  idea  already  shown  had  become  a  dom- 
inant factor  in  mercantile  business.  The  firm  was  at  the  head.  It  has  stayed  there  ever 
since. .  That  development  made  necessary  another  move  uptown.  The  firm  settled  on  the 
(block  where  its  present  quarters  are — Church  and  Worth  streets  and  West  Broadway. 
Mr.  Mellen  retired  in  1SG4,  ?jnd  the  name  of  the  house  became  H.  B.  Claflin  &  Com- 
pany. In  18G6  the  busipess  had  grown  to  a  total  of  $64,000,000  sales,  a  phenomenal 
figure.  After  the  war  it  was  plain  to  some  far-sighted  merchants  that  business  condi- 
tions were  about  to  change  with  the  changes  wi-ought  by  the  new  conditions.  Mr.  Claflin 
saw  that  a  revolution  in  hi?  own  business  was  necessary  if  he  would  keep  the  com- 
manding position  in  the  mercantile  v/orld.  Before  this  the  jobber,  the  importer,  the 
manufacturer,  e.ach  had  occupied  hi.=;  own  field.  Mr.  Claflin's  judgment  was  that  hi3 
business  to  succeed  must  combine  the  functions  of  all  three.  The  house  of  Claflin 
now  combine?  t'lose  three  functions,  as  it  has  since  the  day  when  its  founder  first 
put  his  ideas  into  pnvjt.ice.  it  would  be  a  long  and  difficult  story  to  tell  how,  /ear 
by  year,  this  business  acquired  control,  one  by  one,  of  mills  and  factories,  marketing 
their  entire  product:  of  how  it  embarked  into  manufacturing  enterprises  that  hav« 
since,  in  its  hands,  become  great  among  manufacturing  interests. 

This  growing  business  means  an  expanding  organization.  In  a  smaller  cor- 
cern  of  the  ante-bellum  davs  one  man  could  do  all  the  buying,  fix  the  prices,  com- 
mand all  the  agencies  in  selling.  In  the  concern  of  to-day.  with  all  Its  ramifications. 
a  great  system  with  many  branches,  each  with  a  responsible  and  trusted  head,  has 
necessarily  developed.  The  concern  must  maintain  central  buying  bureaus  in  the 
great  markets  of  the  world.  Its  men  must  have  specialized  knowledge  of  markets 
in  strange  and  unfamiliar  parts  of  the  world.  Its  chief  must  study  possible  and  prob- 
able demands  which-  are  sw:iyed  by  the  caprices  of  fashion. 

It  should  be  said  here  that  at  the  death  of  Mr.  Claflin,  in  1S85.  the  business  was 
in  the  full  tide  of  its  still  advancing  career.  The  business  for  five  years  was  carried 
on  by  his  son  and  the  surviving  partners.  In  1890  the  present  corporation  was  formed. 
Its  president  is  John  Claflin.    son  of  the  founder. 

One  of  the  long-pursued  ideas  of  the  house  is  to  supply  the  demands  of  any  trade, 
no  matter  how  such  demands  may  differ  from  those  of  the  general  run  of  its  trade. 
The  buyer  coming  from  Mexico  to  Nev/  York  is  not  suited  with  the  goods  which 
find  readv  sale,  for  instance,  in  Sixth  avenue.  He  wants  merchandise  that  meets  the 
taste  of  his  own  customers.  In  the  Claflin  stock  he  finds  not  only  the  things  he 
knows  are  salable  at  home,  but  an  organization  which  supplies  him  a  seller  who  is 
familiar  with  his  home  requirements,  who  speaks  his  language,  and  who  understands 
■whatever  (differences  there  may  be  in  the  trade  conditions  of  his  own  country  as 
compared  with  those  in  New  York.  The  buyer  from  Mexico  is  cited  merely  as  an  illus- 
tration of  the  broadness  of  the  system.  Souths  America.  Central  America,  the  West 
Indies,  South  Africa,  Australia.  India,  China,  .Japan,  indeed  the  most  remote  countries 
of  the  world,  send  traders  to  New  York,  assured  that  in  this  immense  institution  they 
will  find  an  accurate  understanding  of  their  customs  and  their  customers. 

819  ; 


^rm 


CAMPUS  SYRACUSF  UNIVERSITY. 

820 


SYRACUSE  UNIVERSITY, 
New  York,  as  the  name 
implies,  is  situated  in 
the  city  whose  name  it  bears. 
The  location  is  unusually 
healthful  and  attractive,  sur- 
veying  the  hills  of  Onondaga, 
the  valley  of  the  Indian 
Reservation,  with  its  rem- 
nants of  several  tribes,  and 
Lake  Onondaga. 

The  University  comprises 
six  Colleges:  The  usual  Col- 
lege, which  ^  enrolls  ,  more 
students  than  any  College  in 
the  State,  with  elective 
courses  covering  the  entire 
range  of  College  learning;  the 
College  of  Fine  Arts,  with 
courses  in  Architecture,  Belles 
Lettres,  Music  and  Painting; 
the  College  of  Medicine,  with 
thoroughly  furnished  labora- 
tories; the  College  of  Law. 
within  easy  access  of  the 
courts  and  great  law  libraries; 
the  College  of  Applied  Science, 
with  courses  in  Civil,  Elec- 
trical and  Mechanical  En- 
gineering, in  new  buildings 
and  with  the  latest  machinery 
and  apparatus;  and  the  Teach- 
ers College,  which  occupies 
fourteen  acres  covered  with 
rare  trees  and  shrubbery. 
Syracuse  furnishes  a  much 
larger  per  cent,  of  teachers 
to  the  public  schools  of  New 
York    than    any   other   institu- 


tion    in    the    State.    Graduate    courses    are    given    In    the    various    departments. 

The  campus  comprises  one  hundred  acres.  The  buildings  are  large  and  Im- 
posing and  the  most  of  them  having  bean  built  recently  ar*  adapted  to  th» 
most   approved  forms   of  instruction. 

The  Library,  the  gift  of  Mr.  Carnegie,  la  furnUhsd  with  about  twenty 
seminar  rooms.     Tlie   School   of   Library  Economica   Is  in   this  building. 

The  dormitoi'iea  are  sanitary  and  planned  for  the  safety  and  comfort  of  the 
students.  It  is  tlie  plan  of  the  University  to  furnish  board  without  profit, 
securing  to  the  students  as  much  as  pos-sible  for  the  price  ,paid.  The  last 
dormitory  erected  was*  opened  this  year.  It  comprises  five  fireproof,  apart- 
ments accommodating  fortj''  students  each.  It  has  been  planned  and  con- 
structed  with   great   care.     The   occupants  are   self-governing. 

The    University    furnishes    its    own    heat,    light    and    power    from    a    Central 


LIBRARY.   SYRACUSt.  UNIVERSITY. 

Heating  Plant,  thus  eliminating  the  danger  from  fire  In  dormitories  and  reclta- 
tional  buildings. 

The  Library  Is  endowed  with  $250,000.  Books,  therefore,  are  being  added 
constantly. 

The  museums  are  receiving  frequent  additions   of  illustrative  material. 

The  University  is  non-sectarian,  but  positively  Christian  in  ethical  require- 
ment and  influence.  The  Christian  Associations  are  vigorous  organizations. 
The  students  select  church  attendance  according  to  their  religious  preferences. 
The  usual  College  sports  are  encouraged.  The  physical  instruction  is  sys- 
tematic and  seeks   to  secure  the  sound  body  for  the  sound  mind. 

A   stadium   of   great   proportions   and   expense   has   recently   been    erected.    It 


will  accommodate  over  20,0()0  without  extra  seatirigs.  The  largest  College  gym- 
nasium in  the  country  is  now  in  process  of  erection. 

Rowing  has  received  much  attention,  and  the  crews-  of  the  University  have 
given  good   account   ol'  themselves  at  Poughkeepsie. 

The  faculty  comprises  220,  representing  more  than  seventy  of  the  leading 
Universities  of  Europe   and   America.    The  student  enrollment  is  abouf  3,200. 

The  plans  for  the  future  call  for  more  buildings  and  further  equipment. 
Six  buildings  were  in  process  of  erection  the  past  year. 

The  location  in  the  centre  of  the  greatest  State  in  the  Union,  on  railways 
that  furnish  nearly  two  hundred  trains    every  Oay,  within  five  and  a  half  hours 


SIMS    HALL,    MEN'S    DORMITORY,    SYRACUSE    UNIVERSITY. 


of  New  York  and  a  little  more  than  a  night  of  Chicago,  In  a  city  that  is  very 
near  the  top  of  the  list  for  healthfulness,  in  a  convention  town  to  which  come 
many  instructive  conventions,  secures  to  Syracuse  University  many  advantages 
and  the   certainty  of  a  great   future. 

There  are  many  opportunities  for  self  help,  and  the  fees  are  so  moderate 
and  the  student  habits  are  so  economical  as  to  render  it  possible  for  any 
student  of  grit  and  courage  to  successfully  complete  a   College  course. 

While  self-government  is  encouraged,  sound  morals  and  careful  habits  are 
regarded  as  prerequisite  to  the  soundest  and  safest  scholarship  and  are  in- 
sisted upon  uncompromisingly. 

For  catalogue,  illustrated  bulletin,  etc.,  address 

THE    REGISTRAR, 

Syracuse    University. 

Syracuse,   N.   T. 
822 


THEBOWERY  SAVINGS  BANK 

OF"     IMENA/     YORK 
More   Than  One   Hundred   Million   Dollars  in  Its  Vaults 

No    Similar    Institution  In   All   the    World    Has   Such   an   Immense   Volume    of    Deposits 

THE  Bowery  Savings  Bank  of  New  York  City,  located  In  the  very  centre  of  Gotham's 
famous  East  Side  district,   is  the  largest  and  most  successful  savings  bank  in  the 
entire  world.      This   wonderful   institution  has   a  depositors'    list   of  more   than  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand,  which  is  made  up  of  representatives  of  every  race  on  the  globei 

Founded  for  the  sole  purpose  of  protecting  the  savings  of  the  thrifty  poor;  The  Bowery 
Savings  Bank  has  never  deviated  from  that  purpose  in  its  long  existence,  and  to-day,  stands 
as  a  monument  to  the  nation's  prosperity,  and  furnishes  an  irrefutable  argument  of  the 
thrift  and  saving  habit  of  a  large  proportion  of  the  masses. 

Absolute  confidence  is  the  foundation  rock  upon  which  The  Bowery  Savings  Bank 
stands,  and  there  is  not  one  of  its  depositors,  no  matter  how  lowly,  but  knows  that  his  or 
her  individual  interests  are  perfectly  safe  therein.  There  is,  moreover,  a  distinctly  human 
side  to  this  famous  bank,  which  is  little  dreamed  of  by  those  not  cognizant  with  its  work- 
ing. It  is  constantly  reaching  out  a  helping  hand  to  the  thousands  of  struggling  men  and 
women  who  are  on  its  rolls,  inviting  them  to  economize  and  save.  If  a  depositor— who  is 
withdrawing  his  money  apparently  to  put  into  some  wild-cat  scheme— will  listen  to  advice, 
he  is  invited  to  "talk  the  matter  over  with  the  president."  The  depositor  nearly  always 
consents  to  do  this,  in  which  event,  if  he  is  about  to  enter  into  some  foolish  speculation,  he 
is  usually  saved.  The  president  of  this  famous  bank  and  all  of  its  officers  are  always  on  the 
alert  to  protect  j;he  depositors  against  the  thousands  and  one  pitfalls  that  beset  the  unsophis- 
ticated, and  that  is  one  very  potent  reason  why  the  bank  has  grown  to  be  the  monarch  of 
the  savings  bank  world.  This  one  bank  has  greater  savings  than  all  Canada,  all  Norway,  or 
all  Holland;  it  has  one-tenth  as  much  as  all  Great  Britain.  It  is  paying  its  depositors 
$4,000,000  a  year  on  their  savings.     This  is  a  record  unparelleled  in  the  world. 

Any  person  may  become  a  depositor  in  The  Bowery  Savings  Bank,  no  matter  where  he 
lives,  so  long  as  he  can  write  his  name  in  English.  That  is  the  only  requirement.  Thou- 
sands of  depositors  transact  their  business  with  the  bank  by  mail,  and  are  thus  enabled  to 
participate  in  the  splendid  interest  on  their  deposits,  that  is  made  possible  by  the  gilt- 
edge  securities  held  by  the  bank,  which  is  in  possession  of  the  highest  character  of  collat- 
eral to  be  obtained.  Under  the  laws  of  New  York,  savings  banks  are  subjected  to  rigid 
control.  The  management  is  in  the  hands  of  men  of  known  integrity,  whose  services  are 
entirely  gratuitous,  and  who  delight  in  conserving  the  interests  of  such  an  institution.  In 
all  other  States  the  funds  of  a  savings  bank  may  be  loaned  much  as  by  commercial  banks, 
while  in  New  York  the  restriction  imposed  by  the  statutes  assures  absolute  safety. 

The  "Banking-by-Mail"  system  has  been  conducted  by  The  Bowery  Savings  Bank  for 
many  years.  It  is  said  that  this  bank  originated  this  method  of  banking  in  the  State  of 
New  York. 

To  send  a  dollar  from  any  point  in  the  United  States  to  The  Bowery  Savings  Bank  by 
Post-Office  Money  Order  costs  five  cents,  including  the  stamp  to  carry  the  letter,  while,  if 
one  lived  in  New  York  City,  in  nearly  every  case  It  would  cost  twice  that  amount  to  get 
the  same  dollar  to  the  same  bank  because  of  street  car  fare.  So  the  out-of-town  depositor 
has  really  the  advantage  over  his  New  York  brother  in  the  question  of  strict  economv, 

Mr.  William  H.  S.  Wood,  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in  New  York,  is  president  of 
The  Bowery  Savings  Bank.  Every  working  day  of  the  year  he  is  at  his  desk  in  the  big 
bank  building  on  the  Bowery,  and  he  knows  every  detail  of  the  vast  machinery  that  keeps 
the  institution  going,  and  keeps  it  ahead  of  all  of  its  fellows.  Mr.  John  J.  Sinclair,  also  a 
splendid  citizen  of  New  York,  Is  the  vice-president,  and  Mr.  Robert  B.  Woodward,  equally 
eminent,  Is  the  second  vice-president.  Mr.  Henry  A.  Schenck,  the  comptroller,  is  a  n^an  of 
marked  ability. 

We  earnestly  advise  all  our  readers  to  send  for  a  copy  of  this  bank's  little  pamphlet 
entitled,  "Banking  by  Mail,"  which  will  be  forwarded  free  upon  request  to  The  Bowery 
Savings  Bank,  128  and   130  Bowery.  New  York. 

823 


Some  of  the   Important  and  Successful 

Building  Operations  of  D.  C. 

Weeks  &  Son. 


EARLY  in  the  Spring  of  1840,  De  Witt 
Clinton  Weeks  came  to  the  city  and 
started  in  the  building  business.  Since 
that  time  the  firm  he  established  has 
been  continuously  in  business— the  present  head 
of  which  is  Mr.  Francis  M.  Weeks,  the  son  of 
De  Witt  Clinton  Weeks — and  many  large 
operations  and  finest  class  of  residences  have 
been  built  by  it.  The  Fourth  Avenue  Presby- 
terian Church.  Fourth  Avenue  and  Twenty- 
second  Street,  is  an  existing  monument  of  the 
work   of  De   Witt   Clinton   Weeks. 

The  old   St.   Thomas   Church,   at  the  corner 
of    Fifty-third    Street   and    Fifth    Avenue,    built 
in   1S69   and  burned  a  few   years   ago,   was   the 
first   building  erected   under   the   firm   name   of 
D.    C.    Weeks    &    Son.      Prior    to    that   time    De 
Witt   Clinton  Weeks  had   been  operating  under 
his   own   name.      The   result   of  the   fire,    which 
completely    consumed    everything    burnable    in 
the   building,    leaving   the   walls   practically   in- 
tact,    is    proof    of    the    claim    of    the    Messrs. 
We«ks     that     nothing    but     the    very    best    of 
workmanship   has   ever   entered    into    their   buildings    since    the    earliest    days    of   the    firm's 
operations.    The  ruins  of  the  old  St.  Thomas  Church  stand  to-day  as  a  monument  to  this  fact. 
The  first  building  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,   the  old  Queens  County 
Court   House,    Long   Island   City,    are   other  buildings   constructed   about   the   same   period. 
Of  the  modern  work  of  the  firm  the  following  are  a  few  examples  of  its  successes: 
The  estate   of  G.   W.   Vanderbilt,   the  well-known   "Biltmore,"   on   which   work  was   car- 
ried  on   continuously   for  seven   years. 

The  Morton  Building,  at  the  corner  of  Ann  and  Nassau  Streets.  This  is  a  twelve-story 
building,  of  which  the  foundations  were  laid  in  October  and  the  tenants  were  moving 
in  on  the  first  of  the  following  May. 

The  residences  of  Mr.  Samuel  Thorne  and  John  W.  Sterling,  on  Fifth  Avenue,  between 
Seventy-second  and  Seventy-third  Streets,  which  are  among  the  best  examples  of  the  work 
of   the   late   Bruce   Price,    Architect. 

"The  Marble  Twins,"  two  residences  with  seventy-five  feet  frontage  on  Fifth  Avenue, 
between   Fifty-first   and   Fifty-second   Streets. 

Residence  of  Mr.   Morton  F.   Plant,    corner  of  Fifty-second   Street  and   Fifth  Avenue. 

Alterations  to  the  residence  of  Mr.  G,  W.  Vanderbilt,  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue 
and    Fifty-first    Street. 

Residence   for   Mr.    Robert  Olyphant,    East    Fifty-second    Street. 

Residence  for  Mr.   George  W.   Blumenthal,   West   Fifty-third   Street. 

Residence  for  Mr.   Anson   R.   Flower,   fiOl  Fifth   Avenue. 

824 


REARING     STEEL     FRAMEWORK     OF 
NEW     PULITZER    BUILDING, 
JULY    25,     1907. 


Residence  of  Mr.  W.  K.  Vanderbilt,   "Idle  Hour,"  Oakdale,  L.  I. 

Residence  of  Mr.  Oliver  Harriman,  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

Winter  Club  House,  Tuxedo  Park,  N.  Y. 

Two  ten-story  bulldlng-s  for  Huyler's  Candy  Factory. 

Ten  buildings  for  the  New  York  Telephone  Company,   New  York  City. 

Two  buildings  for  the  Central  New  York  Telephone  Company  at  Syracuse. 

One  building  for  the  Chesapeake  and  Potomac  Telephone  Company  at  Baltimore,  Md., 
on  whloh  the  world's  record  was  made  for  speed  of  construction,  as  several  stories  of  a 
nine-story  building  were  ready  for  occupancy  14D  days  after  the  excavation  was  started. 

On  a  telephone  building  on  East  Twenty-ninth  Street,  between  Fourth  and  Madison 
Avenues,  one  of  the  most  novel  engineering  feats  ever  attempted  in  the  building  line  was 
carried  out  by  this  firm.  The  supporting  walls  for  four  floors  and  the  roof  of  the  building 
were  entirely  removed  and  the  floors  were  supported  by  iron-  rods  fastened  to  beams 
at  the  top  of  the  building,  which  were  supported  by  heavy  timber  towers.  The  new  addi- 
tion was  completed  and  the  floors  picked  up  and  connected  with  the  new  structure,  and 
the  whole  building  completed  without  so  much  as  cracking  the  plaster  in  the  old  portion. 

Among  the  firm's  heavy  contracting  work  the  foundations  for  the  Seventy-fourth  Street 
Power  Heuse  of  the  Manhattan  Elevated  Railway  Company  and  the  foundations  for  the 
Port  Morris  Power  House,  supplying  power  for  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  Company's 
Grand  Central  yards,  which  included  cofferdam  work,  heavy  earth  and  rock  excavation  and 


an  enormous  amount 
of  the  piers  going  down 
rock  foundation 
was  one  of  the  largest 
terations  ever  attempt 
clock  tower,  erected  in 
later  on  set  up  again, 
been  added  to  the  old 
umns  were  also  run  w-j 
and  offices  of  the  old 
dations  to  carry  the  up- 
added. 

ant  work  now  being 
is  a  residence  for  Mr. 
ner  of  Sixty  -  seventh 
nue,  and  the  addition 
Pulitzer  Building, 
litzer  Building,  now 
which  will  give  THE 
and  most  thoroughly 
and  office  building  in 
the  latest  successful 
firm. 

will  retain  the  well- 
lines  that  have  made 
of  the  most  beautiful 
tures  in  the  city,  and 
spaoe  of  18.496  feet, 
the  old  building.     The 


of  concrete  work,  some 
sixty  feet  to  get  solid 

The  Tribune  building 
and  most  difficult  al- 
ed,  in  which  the  old 
1876,  was  removed  and 
after  ten  stories  had 
building.  Steel  col- 
down  through  the  halls 
building  to  new  foun- 
per  stories  which  were 

Among  the  import- 
carried  on  by  the  firm 
George  J.  Gould,  cor- 
Street  and  Fifth  Ave- 
to    the    world  -  famous 

The  enlarged  Pu- 
nearly  completed  and 
WORLD  the  largest 
equipped  newspaper 
the  country,  will  be 
undertaking      of      the 

The  new  building 
known  architectural 
the  old  building  one 
and  impressive  struc- 
it  will  have  a  floor 
nearly  double  that  of 
dome,   the   most   strik- 


REAR  VIEW,  SHOWING 'ADDITION  TO 
PULITZER  BUILDING.  PRACTICALLY 
COMPLETED  OCTOBER  30,  1907. 
ing  of  New  York's  landmarks,  will  be  retained,  and  so  will  the  front  elevation— but  the 
enlarged  building  will  give  THE  WORLD  a  magnificent  business  office  on  the  main  floor 
for  the  adequate  transaction  of  its  increased  business,  which  can  with  difficulty  be  taken 
care  of  in  the  cramped  quarters  now  occupied.  There  will  be  editorial  and  composing 
rooms  of  nearly  double  their  present  capacity,  and  there  will  be  a  great  press  room,  six- 
teen feet  high,  in  which  will  be  installed  presses  of  the  largest  and  most  Improved  pattern. 
New  electric  devices  for  driving  power,  new  elevators,  new  systems  of  ventilation  and 
water  supply,  new  decorative  effects— in  a  word,  an  enlarged  and  completely  remodelled 
plant  for  the  production  of  a  great  newspaper,  and  one  of  the  most  complete  and  con- 
venient as  well  as  beautiful  office  buildings  in  the  country. 

The  enlarged  Pulitzer  Building  fills  the  whole  block  bounded  by  Park  Row,  Frankfort 
Street.  North  William  Street  and  the  approach  to  the  Brooklyn  Bridge.  The  New  York 
Press  Club  and  the  Lorlllard  estate  owned  the  land  on  which  the  new  addition  Is  nearing 
completion,  from  whom  Mr.  Pulitzer  purchased  it.  No.  12  Frankfort  Street,  included  In  this 
plot,  was  the  birthplace  of  the  New  York  Staats-Zeitung.     Historical  associations  are  also 

825 


F 


connected  with  the  site  of  the  orig-inal  Pulitzer  Building.  The  first  mention  of  the  spot  in 
the  annals  of  New  Amsterdam  was  in  1642,  and  it  is  known  to  many  living  New  Yorkers 
as   the  location  of  French's  Hotel. 

;  In  the  construction  of  the  enlarged  building  Messrs.  Weeks  &  Son  had  several  diffi- 
culties to  overcome.  For  instance,  that  portion  of  the  site  which  is  bounded  by  the  approach 
tojthe  Brooklyn  Bridge  was  troublesome  when  the  foundations  were  being  prepared.  They 
hail  to  dig  down  under  the  bridge  approach  wall  for  a  distance  of  eighteen  feet  and  underpin 
it,  but  this  was  accomplished  without  the  slightest  interruption  to  the  Bridge  traffic,  a 
minute's  d^lay  to  which  ofttimes  means  an  hour  of  congestion.  The  tests  for  the  founda- 
tions were  of  the  most  severe  character.  A  block  of  concrete  two  feet  square  was  fitted 
into  the  earth  as  the  base  of  the  excavation.  Fifty  tons  was  loaded  upon  this  small  block, 
and  there  was  practically  no  settlement,  proving  conclusively  that  the  structure  would 
stand  upon  virtually  a  foundation   of  solid  rock. 

The  most  serious  difficulty  encountered  by  the  contractors  was  in  attaching  the  new 
building  to  the'  old,  because  the  welding  had  to  be  accomplished  without  interruption  to 
the  work  of  publishing  the  newspaper  and  without  inconvenience  to  the  many  tenants 
occupying  the  old  building.  The  taking  down  of  the  old  east  wall,  the  cutting  off  of  about 
six  feet  of'  the  old  building  and  the  joining  of  the  new  and  the  old,  were  accomplished 
substantially  without  a  hitch.  In  one  instance  part  of  the  old  wall  had  to  be  torn  down 
before  the  steel  skeleton  of  the  new  building  was  started.  The  smokestack  in  the  old 
building  wa.s  left  standing,  and  when  the  steel  skeleton  was  finished  the  smoke  from  the 
old  building  was  turned  into  the  new  stack,  which  had  risen  with  the  steel  structure  of  the 
new  building.  Then  the  balance  of  the  old  wall  was  removed,  the  floor  beams  fitted 
together  and   the  welding   of  the   two  mammoth  buildings  was   completed. 

In  another  instance  it  was  found  necessary,  in  order  to  avoid  interference  with  the 
publication  of  the  newspaper,  to  build  a  new  floor  under  a  line  of  autoplate  machines, 
which  were  at  the  time  being  operated  to  the  fullest  capacity. 

The  cost  of  the  new  Pulitzer  Building,  without  equipment,  will  be  in  round  figures 
about,  One  Million  Dollars.  Briefly,  it  is  a  steel  skeleton,  with  concrete  floors,  strong 
enough  to  stand  the  weight  of  any  machinery  desired  to  be  placed  upon  them.  The  outside 
walls  are  of  granite,  with  terra  cotta  and  brick  trimmings.  The  window  frames,  sashes, 
etc.,  are  of  copper;  all  the  interior  partitions  are  of  fireproof  tiling— in  short,  a  thoroughly 
fireproof,   earthquake-proof  structure. 

The  greatest  care  has  been  exercised  in  the  con- 
struction and  assembling  of  the  steel  used  in  the 
erection  of  the  skeleton  to  prevent  flaws  or  rust, 
with  the  result  that  it  is  absolutely  perfect.  After 
the  steel  had  been  painted  it  was  not  exposed  to  the 
weather  or  loaded  for  shipment  until  it  had  been 
carefully  inspected  and  the  paint  found  to  be  thor- 
oughly dry.  At  no  time  after  the  application  of  the 
first  coat  of  paint  was  the  steel  laid  on  the  ground, 
but  each  part  was  placed  on  skids  or  trestles,  and  in 
the  handling  and  unloading  extreme  caution  w^as  ob- 
served to  avoid  scraping  off  of  the  preservative  coat- 
ing, and  even  in  transportation,  to  avoid  nesting  of  the 
pieces,  packing  material  was  placed  between  them. 
After  the  erection  of  the  steel  skeleton  the  work  was 
thoroughly  inspected,  cleansed,  and  repainted.  The 
tests  for  sustaining  weights  were  of  the  most  strin- 
gent nature  and  have  been  more  than  satisfactory. 

In  the  new  building  six  large  elevators  and  two 
smaller  ones  will  take  the  place  of  the  three  elevators 
in  the  old  building.  Two  smaller  elevators  are  to  be 
so  equipped  that  they  may  be  easily  turned  into  ser- 
vice for  general  passenger  use  at  rush  hours  in  the 
great  building.  There  will  be  new  systems  of  heating, 
ventilating,  lighting,  and  new  plans  of  decoration, 
which  will  bring  the  enlarged  Pulitzer  Building  up  to 
the  standard  set  by.  the  contractors,  if  it  does  not 
place  It  ahead  of  the  very  best  of  the  many  beautiful 
structures  erected  by  this  extraordinarily  successful 
and  competent  firm  of  builders. 


THE      RECONSTRUCTED      AND 
ENLARGED  PULITZER  BUILD- 
ING,    COMPLETED     MAY 
10,     1908. 


826 


OSOL,  DENATURED   ALCOHOL 

Remarkable  New  Fuel  that  Gives  Perfect  Heat  and 
Light  at  Very   Small   Cost. 


WHEN    the    TJsilted     States    Government    recently    removed    the    tax    on    denatured 
alcohol,    3t  conferred   a  great  boon    on   the   American   people.     It   gave    to    ih^ni  a 
fuel  at  once  far  superior  to  electricity,   coal,   gas  or  kerosene,  and  much  cheaper. 
It  is  doubtful   if  even   *he  legisla4;or  who   first  studied   the   subject  and   was   the 
prim©  mover  in  getting  Congress  to  take  off  the  tax  foresaw  the  great  material  benefits 
that  would  result. 

It  is  not  an  exaggeration  to  say  that  no  recent  legislation  has  more  widely  affected 
the  econamic  welfare  of  the  Nation.  By  abolishing  the  duty  on  this  perfect  fuel  Congress 
placed  within  the  reach  of  all  citizens  a  substitute  for  expensive  heating  and  lighting 
commodities  that  will  go  far  toward  ending  the  monopolies  created  by  the  Coal  Trust 
and  the  Standard  Oil  concerns. 

Osol,  or  denatured  alcohol,  is  alcohol  that  has  been  made  undrinkable  by  a  special 
process.  It  is  non-explosive.  It  possesses  sterling  virtues  besides  its  cheapness.  Chief 
among  these  is  its  cleanliness.  A  heater  fed  by  denatured  alcohol  wiil  warm  a  large 
room  or  several  connecting  rooms  at  a  total  cost  of  a  trifle  more  than  a  cent  an  hour. 
The  heat  radiated  from  this  heater  is  very  agreeable,  totally  devoid  of  that  quality  usually 
styled  "dryness"  so  often  complained  of  in  hot  air  furnaces  and  steam  apparatus.  Another 
great  advantage  is  that  this  heater  is  as  easy  to  run  as  an  ordinary  lamp.  A  child  can 
tend  it.  A  small  reservoir  at  the  base  of  the  heater  is  filled  with  the  osol,  the  wicks 
are  lighted  and  that  is  all  there  is  of  it. 

How  the  housewife  will  rejoice  in  her  osol  heater,  in  her  osol  cooking  range,  in  her 
osol  sad-irons!  No  black,  messy  coal  to  be  carried  from  the  cellar.  No  odoriferous 
kerosene  to  be  smeared  about  her  clothes  and  furniture.  No  exorbitant  gas  bills  to  be 
I)aid  each  month.  It  is,  indeed,  a  great  step  in  advance  in  the  comfort  and  well-being  of 
our  Nation— this  introduction  of  denatured  alcohol  into  the  economies  of  our  daily  life. 

In  the  cooking  range  the  cleanliness  of  osol  and  its  convenience  are  peculiarly  gratify- 
ing; but  no  less  so  than  in  the  sad-irons  on  ironing  day,  The  osol  is  burned  inside  the 
irons,  and  there  is  no  frequent  changing  of  irons  because  they  grow  cold.  An  osol-fed 
iron  is  alv/ays  ready  for  duty.  The  time  of  the  ironer  is  saved;  she  has  no  worry  over 
her   irons. 

The  osol  heaters  and  ranges  have  been  found  to  be  of  peculiar  value  to  hospitals  and 
the  sick  room.  No  noise  attends  the  care  of  them,  and  no  gases  or  other  unpleasant  odors 
emanate  from  them,  while  their  heat-glow  is  more  comforting  than  from  other  fuels. 

The  light  shed  by  an  osol-fed  lainp  is  soft,  brilliant  and  white,  and  burns  with  a 
flame  of  great  steadiness.  It  is  like  sunlight.  Indeed,  it  possesses  tlie  properties  of 
sunlight.  It  is  as  good  for  the  eyes  as  sunlight,  too.  If  you  work  or  read  bj^  an  osol- 
fed  lamp  your  eyes  will  last  longer  and  stay  young  longer  than  with  any  other  kind  of 
light. 

For  the  last  tvv-entj''  years,  while  the  United  States  Government  was  keeping  a 
prohibitive  duity  on  denatured  alcohol,  people  in  Europe  and  other  countries  had  been 
enjoying  its  benefits.  In  Germany,  the  land  of  good  housekeeping,  the  housekeeper  would 
deem  herself  very  ill-used  were  she  forced  to  do  without  denatured  alcohol  in  the  con- 
duct of  her  home.  She  prefers  the  brilliant,  incandescent  light  of  denatured  alcohol  to 
the  really  high-grade   gas   that   the   German   city   authorities   insist   upon. 

Now,  for  the  first  time,  osol  has  been  put  on  the  general  market  in  the  United  States. 
It  can  be  had  at  any  grocer's  or  hardware  dealer's.  As  soon  as  the  public  learns  of 
osol  there  is  certain  to  be  a  great  rush  to-  get  it.  As  yet  the  public  really  knows  little 
of  it.  The  heating  and  lighting  trusts  have  taken  care  that  as  little  information  as 
possible  shall  be  circulated  concerning  it.  It  was  only  when  newspaper  editors  awoke  to 
a  realizing  sense  that  a  great,  new  fuel  was  at  hand  to  the  people  and  began  printing 
articles  lauding  its  cheapness,  cleanliness,  safety,  abundance  and  perfection  that  its  merits 
have   become   known   at  all. 

Just  as  electricity  is  supplanting  steam  on  our  railroads,  so  is  denatured  alcohol, 
apparently,   destined  to  supplant  coal,,  gas  and  kerosene  oil  as  fuel   for  heating  and  lighting. 

Denatured  alcohol  has  another  virtue  besides  those  of  heating  and  lighting,  ft  is  a 
splendid  cleanser.  For  cleaning  household  utensils,  windows  or  clothing,  for  rem.oving  all 
kinds  of  grease,  paints,  etc.,  etc..  it  is  invaluable.  It  is  the  basis  of  most  of  the  patent 
cleaning   compounds   on   the   market.  ,  ' 

Osol.  or  denatured  alcohol,  is  now  on  sale  practically  everywhere  in  th«  United  States 
in  any  desired  quantity. 

Every  dealer  in  osol  can-ies  a  complete  line  of  heating  and  lighting  utilities,  such  as 
heaters,  stoves,  ranges,  lamps,  sad-irons,  etc.,  etc.  These  are  supplied  by  the  Alcohol 
Utilities  Company.  No.  l.'if)  West  Twenty-third  Street,  New  York,  who  will  gladly  furnish, 
gratis,  any  information  regarding  denatured  alcohol  and  its  uses,  or  send  circulars  and 
catalogues  giving  in  detail  the  articles  manufactured  for  utilizing  this  grand  new  fuel. 

827 


PATENTS, TRADE-MARKS.  LABELS.  PRINTS  AND  COPYRIGHTS. 

By    Edward    S.    Beach,    Attorney    and    Counsellor    at    Law,    60    Wall    Street,    New    York. 
Specialist    in   Patent,    Trade-Mark   and   Corporation    Cases. 

For   THE   WORLD  ALMANAC  AND   ENCYCLOPEDIA. 

Mr.  Justice  Bradley,  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  said:  "The  design  of  the 
patent  laws  is  to  reward  those  who  make  some  substantial  discovery  or  invention  which 
adds  to  our  knowledge  and  makes  a  step  in  adv^ance  in  the  useful  arts.  Such  inventors 
are  worthy  of  all  favor.  It  is  never  the  object  of  those  laws  to  grant  a  monopoly  for 
every  trifling  device,  every  shadow  of  a  shade  of  an  idea  which  would  naturally  and 
spontaneously  occur  to  a.ny  skilled  mechanic  or  operator  in  the  ordinary  progress  of 
manufactures." 

The  greatest  "vice  of  the  patent  laws,"  frequently  complained  of,  is  not  in  the  laws 
themselves,  but  in  neglect  of  inventors  to  secure  sound  professional  advice  in  the  prepara- 
tion  and   prosecution   of   their  patent   aT>pMcations. 

Patents  are  contracts  between  (1)  the  Government,  (2)  the  patentee,  and  (3)  the  public; 
and  patent  specifica.ti«ns  are  among  the  most  difficult  contracts  that  trained  lawyers  are 
called  on  to  prepare. 

The  real  value  of  a  patent  lies  in  its  force  as  a  contract  capable  of  being  enforced  by 
the  courts,  and  the  claims  of  a  patent  are  its  vitals.  Everything,  however  well  illustrated 
and  described,  but  which  is  not  claimed  in  a  patent,  is  abandoned  to  the  public — except 
when  properly  reserved  for  the  subject-matter  of  another  patent;  and  to  draw  legally 
proper  patent  claims  demands  the  hardest  labor  of  experienced  patent  lawyers.  A  patent 
without  at  lea^t  one  sufficient  claim  for  the  invention  is  like  a  house  with  a  foundation 
of  sand. 

Inventors  and   patent  investors  should   consider   the   following: 

1.  Don't  apply  for  a  patent  on  an  inv*^ntion  which  does  not  fill  or  is  not  likely  to  fill 
some  real  want,  or  for  an  invention  for  which  no  actual  market  exists  or  can  be  probably 
created. 

2.  Don't  Invf'st  (as  a  general  rule)  in  a  ijatent  unless  its  claims  cover  the  actual  in- 
vention; nor  unless  the  invention  can  be  made  and  .sold  at  a,  profit  without  infringing 
other  patents;  nor  unless  the  claims  of  tlie  patent  are  broad  enough  to  cover  the  invention 
and  also  substantial  .imitations  of  it. 

.".  Don't  make  too  many  claims.  They  are  a  sign  of  weakness,  and  inducenu-nts  'o 
litigation.  The  courts  do  not  favor  such  patents.  One  sufficient  claim  is  stronger  than 
forty   uncertain   claims. 

4.  Don't  take  out  foreign  patents  unless  sure  that  they  can  be  worked  or  disposed  of 
when  obtained.  In  deciding  this  question,  consult  consular  reports,  exporters  and  ot'aer 
aut'norlties.  ^ 

").  Don't  make  doubtful  claims  In  foreign  patents.  In  some  foreign  countries  in- 
validity  of  one  claim   invalidates   the   patent. 

6.  Don't  think  that  patents  will  run  alone.  However  important  the  invention,  adequate 
capital  and   sound  business  judgment  and  energy  are  essential. 

7.  Don't  fail  to  mark  patented  inventions  with  the  word  "Patented,"  and  also  with 
the  date  of  the  patent.  • 

8.  Don't  keep  inventions  secret.  Disclose  them  to  trustworthy  persons,  who  can  be 
called  as  witnesses  in  case  an  •"interference"  is  declared  in  the  Patent  Office  between 
your  application   for  your   invention  and   the   applications   of  rival   inventors. 

Remember  that  the  Patent  Office  has  nothing  to  do  with  questions  of  infringement, 
but  deals  exclusively  with  Patentability  and  Interferences.  The  Federal  courts  have  ex- 
clusive jurisdiction  of  Infringement— i.  e.,  the  unauthorized  manufacture,  use  or  sale  of 
a  patented  invention. 

Remember  that  (1)  patents,  (2)  trade-m.arks,  (3)  prints  and  labels  for  articles  of 
manufacture,    and    (4)   copyrights,    are   distinct    things. 

Patents  are  granted  for  17  years,  for  machines,  articles  of  manufacture,  compositions 
of  matter  and   processes. 

Design  patents  are  granted  for  3^^  or  7  or  14  years,  for  ornamen-tal  designs  for 
articles  of  manufacture. 

Prints  and  labels  for  articles  of  manixfactiire  are  registrable  in  the  Patent  Office, 
under   the  Copyright   Lavi'. 

Copyrights  afe  obtainable  from  the  Copyright  Office  in  the  Library  of  Congress,  and 
relate   only   to   literary  or  artistic  su'o.'ect-matter. 

Trade-marks  consist  of  aj-bitrary.  non-descriptive,  non-geographical  words  (or  symbols), 
and,   unlike  patents,   are  not  based  on  invention. 

Registration  of  a  trade-mark  is  not  essential  to  its  protection.  Trade-mark  rights  are 
secured  by  mere  adoption  and  actual  use  of  lawful  trade-marks  on  articles  of  merchandise, 
and  are  lost  by  non-use.  Trade-marks  are  registrable  in  most  of  the  States  of  the  UniterJ 
States,  and  also  in  the  United  States  Patent  Office  when  used  in  interstate  or  foreign 
commerce.  Trade-marks  should  never  be  adopted  without  careful  consideration  of  their 
substantial  legality  and  of  the  question  of  their  essential  novelty  on  the  classes  of  goods 
to  which  they  are  appropriated.  Registration  of  trade-marks  in  the  Patent  *  Office  is 
frequently  of  doubtful   advisability,   often   leading   to  otherwise  avoidable  litigation. 

GOVERNMENT    FEES. 

On   filing  appHcation   for   17-year   patent.   $15.     After  allowance,   a  final   fee  of  $20. 

Total    $8.-*. 00 

On  filing  3i/l.-year  Design  application,  one  fee 10.00 

On    filing   7-year   Design    application,    one    fee 1.5.00 

On   filing   14-year   Design   application,   one   fee SO.W 

On   filing  Trade-Mark   application   in  United   States  Patent  Office 10.00 

On   filing  Print  or  Label   application   in   I'nited   States   Patent  Office 6.00 

On  filing  Copyright   application   in   Copyright  Office  by  United  States   citizen 50 

On  filing  Copyright  application  in  Copyright  Office  by  a  foreigner 1 .00 

The  fees  for  filing  Trade-Mark  applications  in  the  various  States  vary  from  $1  to  $10. 

828 


Information  Ahout  the   City  of  Kew   York. 

Sa*  <S.  IToluntetr  iLifr^<Sabinfj  (Korps. 

(Incorporated  and  Organized  In  most  of  tlie  States.) 

Offlcer&—Z&vaea  R.  Howe,  President;  Ernest  H.  Luebbers,  Jr.,  Secretary;  K.  F.  Mehrtens, 
Assistant  Secretary;  VVm,  P.Jackson,  Treasurer;  George  A,  Thormann,  General  Superintendent, 
63-66  Park  Row,  New  York. 

The  United  States  Volunteer  Life  Saving  Corps  has  2,000  patroled  stations  and  22,000  enrolled 
membei'S,  all  expert  swimmei"S,  yachtsmen  and  boatmen,  with  about  6,000  boats,  from  dories  to 
expensive  sail,  steam,  naphtha  and  gasolene  launches.  It  has  twenty  Jife  boats  of  its  own  in  Greater 
Isew  York,  tlireeinXew  York  State,  one  in  Connecticut,  one  thirty  foot  launch,  two  row  boats  and 
two  canoes  in  Rhode  Island,  four  dories  In  Massachusetts. 

The  corps  is  well  organized  in  New  York  State,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  Mary- 
land, District  of  Columbia  aud  Pennsylvania,  with  minor  organizations  throughout  the  other  states 
as  far  west  as  California.  It  has  saved  7,002  lives,  has  been  giving  free  instructions  In  swimming  In 
both  male  and  female  departments  of  all  the  Public  Free  Ballxs  of  Greater  New  York,  and  has  built 
five  life-saving  stations  throughout  the  Greater  Citj'. 

The  corps  furnishes  its  various  crews,  free  of  charge,  according  to  the  funds  available  for  the 
rarious  districts  and  departments,  ring  life  preservers,  metallic  life  preser%'er3,  ice  balls,  mfdicine 
chests,  flags,  signs,  charts  and  boats,  and  builds  life-saving  stations  at  the  most  dangerous  points.  It 
is  supported  wlioUy  by  voluntary  contributions  with  the  exception  of  the  Departments  of  Greater 
New  Yoi-k,  Yonkers  and  Rhode  Island,  which  are  aidea  by  appropriations  from  the  cities  and  States, 
respectively. 

The  Department  of  Greater  New  York  Is  particularly  well  organized,  and  is  divided  into  sixteen 
commodores'  and  forty-eight  vice- com  mod  ores'  districts,  containing  640  patroled  stations,  witli 
7,000  members  and  1,200  boats  devoted  to  its  life-saving  work. 

LIFE-SAVINC    STATIONS    IN    GREATER    NEW    YORK. 

Officers  in  command  of  the  Greater  New  York  Districts  are  as  follows: 

BOROUGH  OF  THE  BRONX. 

District  JVb.  1— Fort  Morris  to  Fort  Schuyler  on  the  Sound.  Acting  Commodore,  VIce-Com» 
modore  Charles  Stahl,  85  Russell  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

District  No.  2  -Fort  Schuyler  to  City  Line.  Commodore  Aug.  G.  Miller,  Tremont  Avenue  and 
Theriot  Street,  Bronx. 

District  No.  3— All  the  Harlem  River  from  Port  Morris  to  Spuyten  Dnyvll,  then  to  Mount  St. 
"Vincent  or  City  Line  on  the  Hudson.  Vice-Cummo'lore  E.  Harrv  seixas,  7  Lincoin  Street,  West- 
chester; Vice-Commodore  Chas.  Garland,  White  House,  Harlem  Iliver. 

BOROUGH  OF  MANHATTAN. 

District  Nn.  4— Spuyten  Duyvil  on  Manhattan  Island  to  lOOth  Street  on  the  Hudson.  Commodore 
Edw.  A.  Trede,  4322  Broadway,  Manhattan. 

2)i5^-(c<  A'o.  5— 100th  Street  on  Hudson,  south  to  Barge  OflSce,  Including  Governor's  Island, Fills 
Island  and  Bedloe"s  Island.  Commodore  James  A.  J^ee.  Fl.is  Island  Hospiuil;  Vice-Commodore 
Robert  P.  Parrott,  care  Columbia  Yacht  CluD,  foot  West  86th  Street,  Manhattan. 

District  No.  6— Barge  Office  to  100th  Street,  East  River.  Actiner  Vice-Commodore  J.  Dempsey, 
12  Stone  street,  ^fauhattan;  Vice-Cornmodore  Henry  Mason,  318  ilast  9th  Street,  Manhattan; 
Vice-Commodore  Emanuel  Hirsh,  1912  Third  Avenue,  Manhattan. 

District  No.  7— 100th  Street,  East  River  throntrh  the  Harlem  River  to  Spuyten  Duyvil  on  the 
Hudson  River.  Vice-Commodore  Geo.  Schmidt,  2920  8th  Avenue,  Manhattan;  Vice-Commodore 
Fred  Nobis,  Dyckmau  Street  aud  Speedway,  Manhattan. 

BOROUGH  OF  BROOKLYN. 

District  No.  8— Broad  Channel  Station  on  trestle,  .laniaica  Bay,  following  the  line  of  trestle  (West 
side)  (Hammels  excepted)  to  Ramblersville,  then  around  the  Bay,  including  all  the  rest  of  the  Bay, 
Old  Mill,  Canarsie,  Bergen  Beach,  Plum  Island  Barren  Island,  Breakwater,  etc.  Commodore 
JohnG,  Torborg,  1043  Liberty  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

District  No.  9-Coney  Island  In  its  entirety.  Vice-Commodore  Jas.  Brennan,  foot  West  32d 
Street,  Coney  Island. 

District  No.  10— l^nd  of  Emmons  Avenue  and  Ivnapp  Street,  on  mainland  side  of  Sheepshead  Bay 
to39th  Street  Ferry.    Commodore  Charles  Huson,  16  Bay  23d  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

District  No.  12-Newtown  Creek,  up  East  River  through  Hell  Gate  to  City  Line,  Including  Little 
Neck  Bay,    Commodore  J.  M.  Finch,  137  Main  Street,  Astoria,  L.  I. 

BOROUGH   OF  QUEENS. 

District  No.  13— Jamaica  Bay,  east  side  of  trestle  to  City  Line,  Rockaway  shore  excepted.  Under 
direct  supervision  of  Headquarters. 

District  No.  14— The  Rockasvavs,  from  Hammels  on  the  trestle,  along  shore  Jamaica  Bay  side  to 
Rockaway  Point  around  Point,  along  Ocean  side  to  point  opposite  Hammels  on  trestle.  Commodore 
William  Matty,  Klieley  Avenue,  Rockaway, 

District  No.  15-Roth  shores  of  Rockawav,  ea«t  from  Hammels  to  Far  Rockaway  or  CItv  Line,  In- 
cluding Arverne,  Edgemere,  etc,  V ice- Commodore  W.  W.  Minnis,  36  Kane  Avenue,  Hammels, 
Rockawa^'. 

BOPvOUGH  OF  RICHMOND. 

District  No.  16--Staten  Island  in  its  entlrdty.  Commodore  John  R  FonV  Pott  Richmond, 
Staten  Islaad.  g.jy 


ITational  Cemeteries. 


NATIONAL    HOME    FOR    DISABLED    VOLUNTEER    SOLDIERS. 

Presidentof  the  Board  of  Manager  s...'!sia].  James  W.Wadsworth,  346  Broadway,  New  York  City,  N.Y. 
Secretary Col.W.P.  Browulow,  Jonesboro,  Teiiu. 

There  are  branches  of  the  National  Home  at  Dayton,  O. ;  Milwaukee,  Wis. ;  To?us,  Me. ;  Hampton, 
Va.;  Leavenworth,  Kan. ;  Santa  Monica,  Cal. ;  Marion,  Ind. ,  Danville,  Til.,  Johnson  City,  Tenu., 
and  Hot  Springs,  S.  Dak.    The  aggregate  u  umber  of  members  cared  for  is  about  30,000. 

BEQUIBEMENTS   FOB   ADMISSION.  /  ■ 

1.  An  honorable  discharge  from  the  United  States  service  during  a  war  in  which  it  was  engaged. 

2.  Disability  wliich  prevents  the  applicant  from  earning  his  living  bj'  labor. 

3.  Applicants  for  admission  will  be  required  to  stipulate  and  agree  to  abide  by  all  the  rules  and 
regulations  made  by  the  Board  of  Managers,  or  by  its  order;  to  perform  all  duties  required  of  them, 
and  to  obey  all  the  lawful  orders  of  the  officers  of  the  Home.  Attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  bv 
the  law  establishing  the  Home  the  members  are  made  subject  to  the  Kules  and  Articles  of  War,  and 
will  be  governed  therebj'  in  the  same  manner  as  if  they  were  in  the  Arniy  of  the  United  StHtes. 

4.  A  soldier  or  sailor  must  forward  with  his  application  for  admission  his  Discharge  Paper,  and 
when  he  is  a  pensioner,  his  Pension  Certificate,  and  if  he  has  been  a  member  of  a  State  Home,  he 
must  be  iionorably  discharged  from  that  Home  six  months,  before  his  application  will  be  considered; 
which  papei-s  will  be  retained  at  the  branch  to  which  the  applicant  is  admitted,  to  be  kept  there  for 
him,  and  returned  to  him  when  he  is  discliarged.  This  rule  is  adopted  to  prevent  the  loss  of  such 
papers  and  certificates,  and  to  hinder  fraudulent  practices;  and  no  application  will  be  considered  unless 
these  papers  are  sent  with  it.  If  the  original  discuarge  does  not  exist,  a  copy  of  discharge,  certified  by 
the  War  or  Navy  Department,orby  the  Adjutant- General  of  the  State,  mustaccompany  the  application. 

There  are  State  Homes  for  disabled  volunteer  soldiers  provided  by  the  States  of  California, 
Colorado,  Connecticut,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Massachiisetts,  'Michigan, Minnesota, 
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska,  New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Dakota. Ohio,  Oregon, 
Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  South  Dakota,  Vermon%  Washington,  Wisconsin,  and  Wyoming. 

STATE  HOMES  FOR  DISABLED  VOLUNTEER  SOLDIERS. 


States. 


California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana  ..j 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Massachusetts.. 
Michigan 


Location. 


Yountville. 
Monte  Vista. 
Noroton  Heights 
Boise.  -f-v 

Quincy. 
Lafayette. 
Marshalltown. 
Fort  Dodge. 
Chelsea. 
Orand  Rapids. 


States. 


^Minnesota 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nebraska 

N.  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

New  York 


Location. 


Minnehaha. 

St.  James. 

Coin  m  bus  Falls 

Grand  Island. 

Milford. 

Tilton. 

Kearny. 

Vineland. 

Bath. 

Oxford. 


States. 


North  Dakota. 
Ohio 

Oregon , 

Pennsylvania., 
Rhode  Island. 
South  Dakota. 

Vermont  

Washington  . . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Location. 


Lisbon. 

Sandusky. 

Roseburg. 

Erie. 

Bristol. 

Hot  Springs. 

Bennington. 

0>-ting. 

Waupaca. 

Cheyenne. 


UNITED  STATES  HOME  FOR  REGULAR  ARMY  SOLDIERS. 

The  United  .States  Soldiers'  Home  in  the  District  of  Columbia  receives  and  maintains  discharged 
soldiers  of  the  reyulay  army.  All  soldiers  who  have  served  twenty  years  as  enlisted  men  in  the  army 
(including  volunteer  service,  if  any),  and  all  soldiers  of  less  than  twenty  years'  service  who  have  in- 
curred such  disability,  by  wounds,  disease,  or  injuries  in  (he  line  of  duty  while  in  the  regular  army , as 
unfits  them  for  further  service,  are  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  the  Home. 

X  pensioner  who  enters  the  Hoine  may  a.ssign  his  pension,  or  any  part  of  it,  to  his  child,  wife,  or  parent, 
bv  filing  written  notice  with  the  agent  who  pays  him.  If  not  so  assigned,  it  is  drawn  by  the  treasurer 
o\  the  Home  and  held  in  trust  for  the  pensioner,  to  whom  it  is  paid  in  such  sums  as  the  commissioners 
deem  proper  while  he  is  an  inmate  of  the  Home,  the  balance  being  paid  in  full  when  he  takes  his  dis- 
charge and  leaves  the  Home. 

Inmates  are  subject  to  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War,  the  same  as  soldiers  in  the  army.  They 
are  comfortably  lodged,  fed,  and  clothed,  and  receive  medical  attendance  and  medicine,  all  without 
cost  to  them.      There  are  1,250  men  now  receiving  the  benefits  of  the  Home. 

Applications  for  admission  to  the  Home  may  be  addressed  to  the  "Board  of  Commissioners, 
Soldiers'  Home,  War  Department,  \Va.shington  City,  D.  C. ,"  and  must  give  date  of  enlistment  and 
date  of  discharge,  with  letter  of  company  and  number  of  regiment  for  each  and  every  term  of  service, 
and  rate  of  pension,  if  any,  and  must  be  accompanied  by  a  medical  certificate  showing  nature  and 
degree  of  disability  if  any  exists. 


tlSTattonal  ^txatttxitn. 

National  Cemeteries  in  which  the  soldiers  of  the  Civil  and  Spanish  Wars  are  interred  are  located 
at  the  following  places: 

Alexandria,  La.;  Alexandria.  Va.  ;  Andersonville,  Ga. ;  Annapolis,  Md.  ;  Antietam,  Md.  ;  Ar- 
lington, Va.  ;  Balls  Bluif.  Va. ;  Barrancas,  Fla.  ;  Batou  Rouge,  La. ;  BattIe-(4rouMd,  D.  C.  ;  Beaufort, 
S.  0.  ;  Beverlv,  N.  J. ;  Brownsville,  Tex.  ;  Camp  Butler,  111.  ;  Camp  Nelson,  Ky.  ;  Cave  Hill,  Ky.  ; 
Chalmette,  La.  ;  Chattanooga.  Tenn.  ;  City  Point,  Va. ;  Cold  Harbor,  Va.  ;  Corinth,  Miss.;  Crown 
Hill,  Ind.;  Culpepper,  Va. ;  Custer  Battlefield,  Mont.;  Cypress  Hills,  N.  Y.  ;  Danville,  Ky.  ;  Dan- 
ville, Va.  ;  Favetteville,  .\rk.  ;  Finns  Point,  N.  .1.  ;  Florence,  S.  C;  Fort  Donelson,  Tenn.  ;  Fort 
Gibson,  Ind.  T.  ;  Fort  Harrison,  Va.  ;  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan.;  Fort  IMcPhersou,  Neb.  ;  Fort  Scott, 
Kan.;  Fort  Smith.  .\rk.  ;  Fredericksburg,  Va.  ;  Gettysburg,  Pa.;  Glendale,  Va.  ;  Grafton,  W.  Va. ; 
Hampton,  Va.  ;  Jefferson  Barracks.  Mo.;  Jefferson  City.  Mo.  ;  Keokuk,  la.  ;  KnoxviUe.  Tenn,; 
Lebanon,  Ky. ;  Lexington,  Kv. ;  Little  Rock,  Ark.;  Loudon  Park,  Md,  ;  Marietta,  Ga.  ;  Memphis, 
Tenn.  ;  Mexico  City.  Mex.  ;  Mill  Springs,  Ky. ;  Mobile,  Ala.;  Mound  City,  lU.  ;  Nashville,  Tenn.; 
Natchez,  Mi.ss.:  New  Albany.  Ind.  ;  New  Berne,  N.  C;  Philadelphia.  Pa.;  PoplarGrove,  Va. ;  Port 
Hudson,  La.  ;  Quincey.  lU  ;  Raleigh,  N.  C. ;  Richmond,  Va.  :  Rock  Island,  111. ;  St.  Augustine,  Fla.  ; 
Salisbury,  N.  C. ;  Sau  Antonio,  Tex. ;  San  Franci.sco,  Cal.;  Santa  F6,  N.  M.;  Soven  Pines,  Va, ; 
Shiloh.  Tenn.  ;  Soldiers'  Home,  D.  C. ;  Springfield,  Mo.;  Staunton,  Va.;  Stone  River,  Teun.;  Vicks- 
burg.  Miss. ;  Wilmington,  N.  C.  ;  Winchester,  Va.;  Woodlawn,  N.  Y. ;  Yorktown,  Va. 

830 


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-^   SiJ  -  S 

cd   0-t 


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to 


831 


ESraSLISHED  1855 


Charles  F.  Hubbs  &  Co. 

Manufacturers,  importers 
and  Dealers 


Paper 

and 


Twine 


36  BEEKMAN  STREET 


NEW  YORK 


Telephone   U627   Seekman 


Make  Your  Own  Fertilizer 

at  8maU  Cost  with 

Wilson's     Phosphate 
MiUs 

Froml  to  40  H.P. 
Also    Bone    Cut- 
ters,     hand      and 
power   for   the 
poultrymen;       grit 
and    shell     mills,  farm 
feed  mills,  family  grist 
mills,  scrap  cake  mills. 
Assayer's    Hand    Mills. 
Bend  for  oar  catalog. 

Wilson  Bros.,  Sole  Mfrs.,  Easton,  Pa. 

New  and  Second=Hand  Desks 

(Roll  Top,  Flat,  and  Typewriter) 

FKO.ir  89  UP.        Office  Furniture  of  All  Kinds 


P.  W.  VALL-^LY 

83  Nassau  St.     :     :     New  York  City,  N.Y. 

WHEN  YOU   PATRONIZE  THE 

ADVERTISERS,  KINDLY  MENTION 

THE  WORLD  ALMANAC. 

a32 


Are  You  a  Smoker  of 

Imported  Havana  Cigars? 

We  say  ^'Imported  Havana"  lx;cause 
our  proposition  appeals  to  the  man  with 
a  preference  for  tropical  growth  of  tobacco 
manuiactured  into  cigars  before  it  leaves 
the  tropics 

Our  Puritanos  Chicoi;  are  made  of  the  finest 
Putrto  Rican  grown  leaf,  made  by  hand  in 
our  own  factory  at  Caguas,  Puerto  Rico,  and  is 
so  thoroughly  Havana  in 
its  flavor  that  we  will  send  ,">4^ 

you  a  box  (25  at  $1.88)  and 
agree  to  the  return  of  them, 
or  as  many  as  are  left,  after 
.vou  have  thoroughly  sam- 
pled them,  in  case  they  are 
not  all  you  expect  in  a  cigar 
sold  under  this  guarantee. 

Taste  is  the  real  test  of 
a  cigar,  and  it  is  taste  only 
by  which  every  smoker  de- 
termines his  choice.  We  do 
not  sell  our  cigars  as  Ha> 
vanas  coming  from  the 
Inland  of  Cuba.  They 
need  no  deception.  It  is  only 
necessary  for  you  to  under- 
stand that  the  delicious  y 
tlavored  tobacco  of  the  Gay  ey 
and  Caguas  districts  of  Pu- 
erto Rico  has.  until  Cuba 
becameindependeut,  always 
been  bought  up  by  Oubnn 
manufacturers  and  taken  to 
the  City  of  Havana  where 
it  was  manufactured  and 
afterward  sold  as  the 
Choicest     llabann    Cij^ar. 

We  import  our  Puerto 
Rican  cigars  and  have  them 
laid  down  in  sealed  boxes 
right  at  the  Puerto  Rican 
steamer  docks,  fresh  every 
week,  without  one  cent  of 
import  duty,  and  thus  we 
sell  tropical  made  cigars  at 
prices  that  are  mighty  near- 
ly as  low  as  you  pay  for  rank 
domestic  tobacco. 

I  want  to  repeat  that  I 
guarantee  those  cigars, 
and  will  immediately  re- 
fund the  purchase  price 
to  anyone  wlio  isn'  t  well 
pleased  with  them. 

The  cigar  offered  here  is 
but  one  of  16  shown  in  our 
*'.>I  i  I  to  n  esa  "  booklf^t 
sent  to  anyone  who  wants 
fine  imported  cigars  at  4c 
to  18c  each. 

Send  today  for  a  box  of 
'25  Puritanos  Cliicos— our 
most  suitable  cigar  for  a 
trial  order.  If  vou  don' t 
like  this  cigar,  remember 
that  we  pay  the  express 
lx)th  ways,  and  refund 
.vour  money.  It  is  im-  .-Miltonesn" 
rortant  to  state  whether  PnritanosOhicos 

vou  prefer  a  LIGHT.  ME-  loo $7  so 

DIU.M  or  DARK  cigar.         Box  of  25  -     1.88 

MILTON  CIGAR  COMPANY 

Millard  H.  Newton,  Treasurer 
80    William    Street,  New   Voru 


tusMmaaam 


NEW  YORK 


CHICAGO 


SAN  FRANCISCO 


NEW  ORLEANS 


Barrow,  Wade,  Guthrie  &  Co. 


CERTIFIED  PUBLIC  ACCOUNTANTS 

AND 

CHARTERED  ACCOUNTANTS 


BROAD  EXCHANGE  BUILDING 


25-33  Broad  Street 


NEW  YORK 


18  ST.  SWITHIN'S  LANE 


LONDON.  ENGLAND 


THI3    BOOK    IS    FREE 

Wuu.d  you  like  tosiicceed  in  bus.nessi  k>  obtain  a  good  paying  position  j 
tu  bccure  an  increase  in  8alar>  {  Would  you  possess  ihe  capacity  that 
dir.  cts  ana  controls  lai;;e  business  enierpriscS  f  If  so,  you  should  follow 
ti.e  example  ot  buudrcds  of  oiiiers  who  have  prepared  themselves  for  in- 
creases in  salary  thiuughoar  assistauce. 

OUR  FREE  BOOK  Ki'^Zt%Zl'^r.Ur'' 

it.  iht  litie  of  a  treatise  on  Bookiieeping  and  Business.   It  telU 
of  a  bysicm  of  accounts  by  which  you  can  learn  bookkeepini: 
qiickly  at  your  own  home,  w  ituout  luss  ot  time  ^r  money.  We 
gua.anieeit.     It  is  a  book  of  inteuse  interest  to  those  who 
aspire  t<'  success.    To  advertise  ou    8chool  and  to  help  the 
ambitious,  we  are  giving  this  book  away  without  any  con- 
dition whatever.    It  is  absolutely  free.    s«eni  your  name 
and  a<idresB  and  receive  thfl  book  'without  cosU 

Commercial  Correspondence  Scboolts 
158  t'ommercial  Bldg.  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


^    iini(li*il„ 


K 


•«fiFlU»>  ADDING 
UEiiVl      MACHINE 

Free  10  Day  Trial.    We  pay  express- 
age  in  any  part  of  the  United  States. 

Has  an  Aufomntic  Carrier  and  a  ItoNCttinir  Device  that 
clears  the  dials  to  zero.  A  High-Grade  Mechanical  Production. 
Does  the  work  of  high-priced  machines. 

Written  two  years'  guarantee.  Catalog  Free. 


15 


A-    C    GANCHEIR 


AUTOMATIC  ADDING  M.4CHINE  CO. 

Over  IdrOOO  In  Use.     — 

:         :        ©F»ECIAI^    0^i^ER   To   AGEXTS 

833 


332  Broadway,  New  YorK  City 


NEW  VOM  POST-GRADUATE  MEDICAL  SCHOOL  and  DOSPITAL 

SECOND  AVENUE  AND  TWENTIETH  STREET 

University  of  the  State  of  New  York  Winter  Session  1907-1908 


FTiGULTY 


Snrgrery— Professors  W.  B.  DeGarmo,  M.D.: 
Willy  Meyer,  M.D.:  Samuel  Lloyd,  M.D.;  Robert 
T.  Morris,  M.  D.;  Carl  Beck,  M.D.;  Theodore  Dun- 
ham, M.D.  Adjunct  Prolessors:  Carter  S.  Cole, 
M.D.;  Franz  Torek,  M.D.:  Edward  W.  Peterson, 
M.D.;  GeorgeE.  Doty.  M.D. :  AspinwallJudd.M.D. 

Orthopedic  Surgerv— Professors  W.O.Plimp- 
ton, M.D.;  Henry  L.  Taylor,  M.D.  Adjunct  Pro- 
fessor: Charles  Ogilvy,  M.D. 

Disea-ses  of  the  Kectnm  and  Anus— Profes- 
sor Samuel  G.  Gant,  M.D. 

3Iedicine— Professors  William  H.  Porter,  M,D.; 
Stephen  S.  Burt,  M.D.;  Reynold  W.  Wilcox,  M  O., 
LL.D.;  Leonard  Weber,  M.D.;  Max  Einhorn,  M.D.; 
Edward  Quintard,  M.D.:  C.  F.  Wainwright,  M.D. 
Adjunct  Professors:  Achilles  Rose,  M.D. ;  Robert 
H.  Halsey,  M.D.;  R.  Abrahams,  M.D. 

3Iedicine  (Diseases  of  Children)— Professors 
Henry  D.  Chapin,  M.D.;  Augustus  Caille,  M.D. 
Adjunct  Professors:  Charles  O.  Maisch,  M.D.; 
Godfrey  R.  Pisek,  M.D. 

Patholoiey,  Ilistoloery  and  Bacteriology- 
Professor  Henry  T.  Brooks,  M.D. 

Clinical  Pathology— Professor  Fi-ederic  E. 
Sondern,  M  D. 

DLseases  of  Women— Professors  Bache  McE. 
Emmet,  M.D.;  H.  St.  John  Boldf,  M.D.;  G.  M. 
Edebohls.  M.D.;  Ralph  Waldo,  M.D.;  James  N. 
West,  M.D.;  G.  G.  Ward,  Jr.,  M.D.  Adjunct  Pro- 
fessors: Abram  Brothers,  M.D.;  Grace  Peckham 
Murray.  M.D.;    Franklin  A,  Dorman,  M.D.;    S.  W. 


Bandler,  M.D.:  George  H.  Mallett,  M.D.:  S.  S. 
Graber,  M.D.;  E.  W.  Pinkham,  M.D. 

JJiseases  of  the  ^»kin— Professor  W.  Bedford 
Brown.  M.D.  Adjunct  Professors:  Thurston  B. 
liUsk,  M.D.;  Rigiiiund  Pollitzer,  M.D.;  William  S. 
Gottheil,  M.D. 

Di.'seascs  of  the  Eye— Professors  D.  B.  St.  John 
Roosa,  M.D.;  Francis  Vnlk,  M.D.;  Edward  S.  Peck, 
M.D.:  A.  E.  Davis,  M.D.  Adjunct  Professor: 
Ralph  Opdyke,  M.D. 

Diseases  of  the  Kar— Professors  D.  B.  St.  John 
Roosa,  M.D.;  Wendell  C,  Phillips,  MD.;  James  F, 
McKernon,  M  D.  Adjunct  Professors:  JohnB.  Rae, 
M.D.;  William  S.  Bryant,  M.D. 

Diseases  of  the  Nocse  and  Throat— Profes- 
sors Clarence  C.  Rice,  M.D.;  H.  Beaman  Douglass, 
JVLD.    Adjunct  Professor:  Thomas  J.  Harris.  M.D. 

l)i.<^easeor  the  Mind  and  Nervons System 
—Professors  Graeme  M.  Hammond,  M.D. ;  Wm.  J. 
Morton,  M.D.;  Joseph  Collins,  M.D.;  Edward  G. 
Zabriskie,  M,D.  Adjunct  Professor:  Abbott  C. 
Combes,  M.D. 

Ob.stetrics— Professor  George  L  Brodhead.M.D. 
Adjunct  Professor:  H.  P.  DeForeit,  M.  D. 

Venereal  and  Oenito-Hriuary  Diseased- 
Professors  Eugene  Fuller,  M.D.;  Ramon  Guiteras, 
M.D.;  Follen  Cabot,  M  D.  Adjunct  Professors: 
James  Pedersen,  M.D.;  Winfield  Ayres,  M.D. 

Snr^ical  Anatomy  and  Operative  Snr- 
(Rrery  on  the  Cadaver— Professor  John  J.  Mc- 
Grath,  M.D.  Adjunct  Professor  Denis  A.  Mc- 
Auliflfe,  M.D. 

Anatomy— Professor  Neil  MacPhatter,  M.D. 


For  further  particulars  address 

JAMES    N.  WEST,  M.  D.,    second  Avenue  and  Twentieth  Street, 
Secretary*  or  tne  Faculty,    *  NEW  YORK  CITY, 

D.  B,  ST,  JOHN  ROOSA,  M.  D.,  LL.D.,  President 

834 


This  College  for  practition- 
ers offers  excellent  clinical 
facilities.  There  are  22  5  beds 
in  the  Hospital  which  Is  a 
part  of  the  Institution.  The 
courses  are  adapted  for  the 
general  practitioner  as  well 
as  for  those  who  wish  to  be- 
come proficient  in  a  specialty, 
such  as  tye.  Ear.  Nose  and 
Throat.  Dermatology  and  Hy- 
drotherapy, Gynaecology  and 
so  forth.  Special  instruction 
is  given  in  Hydrotherapy, 
in  Tuberculosis  and  every 
Department  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery.  The  sessions  con- 
tinue  throughout  the  year. 


XntciiJorouflij    Hapitf   ^Transit   (Kompau^ 

MANHATTAN   DIVISION   AND   THIRD  AVENUE  SURFACE    RAILROAD   SYSTEMS. 

Fare,  Including  Transfer,  8  Cents 

SIXTH    AVENUE    LINE. 

-  Stations.  rWest  to  Franklin,  Desbrosses,  Chambers,  Barclay  and  Cortlandt  St. 

FrauklinSt J     Ferries,  N,  R. 

(East  to  Graud  St..  E.  R. 

rwej 

(Eas 


P 
> 

r  &^ 
c-  O 


West  to  Desbrosses,  Franklin,  Barclay,  Chambers  and  Cortlandt  St. 

GrandSt ^     Ferries,  N.  R. 

ist  to  Grand,  10th  and  23d  St.  Ferries,  E.  R. 
(West  to  West  Shore  Ferry,  N.  R.,and  West  to  Broadwav. 

42d  St -^  North  to  Fort  Lee  Ferry  and  via  Amsterdam  Ave.  to  Fort  George. 

(East  to  42d  St.,  E.  R.,  and  84th  St.,  E.  R.  (L.  I.  R.  R.). 

("North  to  Broadway  and  Fort  Lee  Ferry,  N.  R.,  and  Amsterdam  Are. 

53dSt <     to  Fort  George. 

(south  on  Broadway  line  to  42d  St.,  connecting  East  and  North  Rivers. 

^f-fh  Qf  /  Broadway  line  to  Fort  Lee.  N.  R.,  and  Amsterdam  .\ve.  to  Fort  George. 

'""■"^'' I  Somh,  Broadway  line  to42dSt.,  E.R.,  and  34th  St.,  E.  R.  (L.  1.  R.  R.). 

(West  to  Fori  Lee  Ferry,  N.  R.,  North  to  Fort  George. 
125th  St <  East  to  125th  St.  and  3d  Ave.  and  E.  R.,aud  via  St.  Nicholas  Ave.  to 

(    UOth  St.,  3d  Ave.  and  E.  B. 

135th  St East  to  138th  St  and  3d  Ave.  and  Bronx  Disti'ict 

,...,,  c!^  /  East  to  161st  St.  and  177tli  St.,  3d  Ave.  and  Bronx  District. 

looLuoi (.North,  Jerome  Ave.  to  Woodlawn,  Yonkers,  &c. 

NINTH    AVENUE    LINE. 

Cortlandt  St West  to  Pennsylvania  and  Jersey  Central  Ferries,  N.  R. 

Vr-oni^iir.  sf  /West  to  Franklin  and  Desbrosses  St.  Ferries,  N.  R. 

i<rank;lmtet 1  East  to  Grand  St.  Ferry,  E.  R. 

Deshrnssps  ^f  T  ^^"^^^^  ^^  Desbrosses  St.  Ferry,  N.  R. 

uesorosses a.1 lEast  to  Grand,  10th  and  23d  St.  Ferries,  E.  R. 

r  West  to  West  Shore  Ferry,  N.  R. 
40H  e*-  J  North,  10th  and  Amsterdam  Ave.  to  Fort  George  and  Broadway  line 

*^**^' 1     to  Fort  Lee  Ferrv,  N.  R. 

;  (East  to42d  St.,  E.  R.,  and  34tb  St.,^.  R.  (L.  I.  R.  R.). 

(North,  Broadway  line  to  Fort  Lee  Ferry,  N.  R.,  and  Amsterdam  Ave. 
66th  St -<     line  to  Fort  George. 

(South,  Broadway  line  to  42d  St.,  E.  R.,  and  34th  St.,  E.  R.  'L.  I.  R.  R.). 

(West  to  Fort  Lee  Ferry,  N.  R.,  North  to  Fort  George. 
125th  St ^  East  to  125th  St.  and  3d  Ave.  and  E.  R.,  and  via  St.  Nicholas  Ave.  to 

(    UOth  St.,  3d  Ave.  and  E.  R. 

l3othSt East  to  138th  St.  and  3d  Ave.  and  Bronx  District. 

,,-..  sj.  /East  to  161st  St.  and  177th  St..  3d  Ave.  and  the  Bronx  District. 

laoLuoc \North,  Jerome  Ave.  to  Woodlawn,  Yonkers,  &c. 

SECOND    AVENUE    LINE.  ^ 

Chatham  Square  J'c't. .  .East  to  Grand,  10th  and  23d  St.  Ferries,  E.  R. 

("West  to  Desbrosses,  Franklin,  Chambers,  Barclay  and  Cortlandt  St. 
CanalSt -{     Ferries,  N.  R. 

(East  to  Grand  St.  Ferry,  E.  R, 

rWest  to  Desbrosses,  Franklin,  Chambers,  Barclay  and  Cortlandt  St. 
GrandSt -{     Ferries.  N.  R. 

(East  to  Grand,  loth  and  23d  St.  Ferries,  E.  R. 

14th  St East  to  14th  St.,  E.  R.,and  lot'i  and  Grand  St.  Ferries,  E.  R. 

.OH  cf  /Ea.st  to  E.  R.  and  34th  St.  (L.  T.  R.  R.)  Ferry. 

^°^^^ \  West  to  West  Shore  Ferry,  X.  R. 

UlthSt East  via  llOth  St.  to  E.  R.  and  Westvia  110th  St.  and  St.  Nicholas  Ave. 

to  Fort  Lee  Ferry.  N.  R. 

THIRD    AVENUE    LINE. 

Chatham  Square  J'c't... East  to  Grand,  lOth  and  23d  St.  Ferries,  E.  R. 

Canal  St  (West  to  Desbrosses,  Franklin,  Chambers,  Barclay  and  Cortlandt  St. 

■     .    Cira  nH  sjf T       FemeS,   N.  R. 

O^.;  "ranutot (  East  to  Grand  St.  FeTry,E.  R. 

E^  ^.       4QH  ««■  /  West  to  West  Shore  Ferry,  N.  R. 

U  ^   I   '^'^^^^ tEastto42dSt..  E.  R. ,  and  34th  St.  (L.  T.  R.  R.)  Ferry. 

'£  fa  I  loethSt Via  lioth  St., St.  Nicholas  Ave.  to  Fort  Lee  Ferry,  N.  R,  East  to  110th 

5  tf  I  St.,  E.  R. 

^  p  125th  St West  to  Fort  Lee  Ferry  and  Fort  George  and  East  to  E.  R 

^S  I  133d  St East  to  Unionport  and  Bronx  District. 

138thSt. West  to  135th  St.  and  8th  Ave.  and  East  to  Port  Morris  and  Bronx 

Di.strict. 
lAQty,  Hf  /East  to  Southern  Boulevard  and  Bronx  District. 

"^'^"°'' IWestviaMelrose  Ave.  and  161st  St.  to  High  Bridge. 


<Z  I* 

Z  "-I 

OS 

W 

Q 

M 

QQ 


tew 
So 


iKi«t  s^^  /West  to  Jerome  Ave.  to  High  Bridge. 

^''^*''^'' tEast  toUnionporc,  Westchester  and  Bronx  District 

177thSt West  to  Jerome  Ave.,  East  to  Unionport, Westchester  and  Bronx 

District. 
PelhamAve North  to  Bedford  Park,  Williamsbridge,  Mt. Vernon,  Kingsbridge, 

Yonkers,  Zoological  Garden,  &c. 
Bronx  Park North  to  Bedford  Park,Williamsbridge,Mt.  Vernon,  Yonkera. 

835 


■"J  l"»«s»tj 


^ 


836 


837 


Xutcrtjorouul)   iVapttr   STcanstt   ^ompang 


13-21 
E.  P.  Bryan,  President. 
H.  M.  Fisher,  Secretary. 


PAKK   ROW,  MANHATTAN   BOROUGH. 

j        D.W.  McWiLLiAMS,  Treasurer. 
I        Fraxk  Hedlky,  General  Manager. 
Geo.  H.  Pegbam,  Chief  Engineer, 

MANHATTAN    RAILWAY    DIVISION. 
MANHATTAN    BOROUGH    ELEVATED    RAILROADS. 

Fare,  Five  Cents.     Children  under  five  years  of  age,  free. 
F^re,  Including  transfer  ou  the  Manhattan  Elevated  and  Third  Avenue  surface  sj'stems,  Eight  Cents. 

SECOND  AVENUE  LIJS'E. 
Trains  will  run   between  South  Ferry  and  l'29th  Street  daily  and  Sunday  at  intervals  of  2  to  8 
minutes  from  4.37  a.m.  to  1:2.43  a.m.  midnight.    Time,  36  minutes.    Transfer  to  aiid  from  Third  Avenue 
Line  at  129th  Street  and  Chatham  Square.    Throiigh  trains  between  Canal  and  161sl  Streets  6.31  and 
8.41  A,  M.  and  4.51  and  6.21  P.  M,    South  Ferry  to  129th  Street,  8. 81  miles. 

STATIONS. 

50th  St  and  2d  Ave. 


South  Ferry. 
Hanover  Square. 
Fulton  and  Pearl  Sts. 
Franklin  Square. 
Chatham  Square. 
Caual  and  Allen  St.s. 
Grand  and  Allen  Sts. 
Riviugton  and  Allen  Sts. 


1st  St, 

8th  St 

14th  St 

19th  St 

23d  St, 


and  1st  Ave. 
and  1st  Ave. 
and  1st  Ave. 
and  1st  Ave. 
bet.lstand2d  Aves. 


34th  St.  &  2d  Ave. ,  branch 

to  34th  St.  Ferry,  E.  K. 
42d  St.  and  2d  Ave. 


111th  St.  and  2d  Ave. 

117th  St.  and  2d  Ave. 

121st  St,  and  2d  Ave. 

127th  St.  and  2d  Ave. 

129th  St.  (see  stations  on 
3d  Ave.  and  Subvvuy 
Division  north  of  129lh 
St.). 


57th  St.  and  2d  Ave. 
65th  St.  and  2d  Ave. 
72d  St.  and  2d  Ave. 
80th  St,  and  2d  Ave. 
86th  St.  and  2d  Ave. 
92d  St.  and  2d  Ave. 
99th  St.  and  2d  Ave 
THIRD  AVENUE  LINE. 
Trains  will  rundaily  and  Sunday  between  City  Halland  Bron.x  Park  at  intervalsof  li^  to4minutes 
from  0.30  a.m.  to  12.45  a.m.,  then  every  20  minutes  to  5.30  a..m.  Trains  will  run  dailj' and  Suuday  between 
South  Ferry  and  129th  Street  at  intervals  of  6  minutes  from  5.19  a.m.  to  12  midnight,  then  every  20  min- 
utes to  5.14  A.M.  Branch  to  Grand  Central  Depot  every  few  miuutes  from  6  a.  m.  to  12  midnight  daily. 
Branch  to  34th  Street  Ferry  every  few  minutes  from  5.30  a.m.  to  12  midnight  daily.  Time  between 
City  Halland  Bronx  Park,  ."1  miuutes;  Chatham  Square  to  129th  Street.  28>^  minutes;  South  Ferry  to 
129th  Street,  34  minute.s.  Transfer  to  and  from  Second  Avenue  Line  at  Chatham  Square  and  129th  ^t. 
^  Trains  will  run  daily  aiid  Sunday  between  129th  Street  and  Bronx  Park  at  an  interval  ot  2  to  6 
minutes  from  6  a.m.  to  12.45  a.m.,  tlien  everv  10  minutes  until  5  a.m.  Running  time,  21  miuutes  from 
I^tl)  Street  (Second  or  Third  Avenue)  to  Bronx  Park. 

129th  Street  and  Third  .\ venue  to  Bronx  Park  and  Third  Avenue.  5.15  miles. 

Express  trains  leave  Bronx  Park  for  Citv  Hall  6.32  to  8.29  a.m.,  and  from  CityHall  5.00  to  6.24  p.m. 

South  Ferry  to  129th  St.  and  Third  Ave.,8.53  miles;  City  Hall  to  12yth  St.  and  Third  Ave, 7.67  miles 

STATIONS.      . 

(23d  St.  and  3d  Ave.  i84th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 

28th  St.  and.  3d  Ave,  |89th  St,  and  3d  Ave. 

34th  St.  &  3d  Ave., branch  99th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
to  34th  St.  Ferry,  E.  R.  1106th  St.  and  3d  Ave, 


South  Ferry. 
Hanover  Square. 
Fulton  and  Pearl  Sts. 
Franklin  Square. 
City  Hall. 
Chatham  Square. 
Canal  and  Bowery. 
Grand  and  Bowery. 
Houston  and  Bowery. 
9th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
14th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
18th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 


42d  St.  and  3d  A  ve.  ,branch 
to  Grand  Central  Depot. 
47th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
53d  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
59th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
67th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
76th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 


116th  St, 
125th  St. 
129th  St. 
13.3d  St. 
138th  St. 
143d  St. 
149th  St. 


"I  bet  we 
>-and  A 
)  Aves. 


1156th  St.  and  3d  Ave, 
161st  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
166th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
169th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
Wendover  ajid  .3d  Aves, 
174th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
177th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
-  (Tremoi)t.) 
Alexander  183d  St.  and  3d  Ave. 

|PelhamAve.(Fordham.) 


and  3d  Ave. 
and  3d  Ave. 
and  3d  Ave. 
between  Willis 


and  3d  Ave.  Bronx  Park, 

SIXTH  AVENUE  UNE. 

Trains  will  run  daily  and  Sunday  bet  ween  South  Ferry  and  155th  Street  at  intervals  of  1]4  to  4  min- 
utes from  5.30  a.m.  to  12  midnight  to  155th  Street,  and  from  12  midnight  to  5.30  a.  m.  every  10  minutes 
to  155th  Street;  RectorStreet  to  58tli  .street  from  7.02  a;m.  to  6.44  p.m.,  6  minutes  interval.  The  58th 
Street  station  closes  at  midniglit.  A  shuttle  train  is  run  between  58tli  Street  and  50th  Street  station 
from6.30  p.m.  to  12midnight,  all  main  liuetrains  after  6.46  p.m.  from  South  Ferry  going  to  155th  Street. 
The  through  time  from  RectorStreet  to  58th  Street  is  18^  minutes;  to  lo.otli  stree't,  40>^  miuutes.  Pass- 
engers transferred  at  59th  Street  to  Ninth  Avenue  Line  without  extra  charge,  Orbsstown  (surface) 
cars  run  from  (.^rand  Central  to  42d  street  station. 

South  Ferry  to  loath  .Street  and  Eighth  Avenue,  10.76  miles;  Rector  Street  to 58th  Street  and  Sixth 
Avenue,  4.67  miles. 


South  Ferrj-. 
Battery  Place. 
Rector  &  N.  Chtirch  Sts. 
Cortlandt  &  N.  Church. 
Park  PI.  &  Church  St. 
Chambers&W.Broadw'  v 
Franklin  &  W.  Broadw'y 
Grand  &  W.  Broadwav. 
Bloecker  k  W.Broadway 
8th  St.  and  6th  Ave. 


14th  St.  and  6th  Ave. 
18th  St.  auil  6th  Ave. 
2ad  St.  aud6th  Ave. 
u>8th  St.  and  6th  Ave. 
33d  St.  and  6th  Ave. 
42dSt.  and  6th  Ave. 
MJth  St.  and  6lh  Ave. 
hHih  St.  and  6th  Ave. 
53d  St.  and  8th  Ave. 


STATION.S. 


59th  St.  and  9th  Ave.  (125th  St.  and  8th  Ave. 

66th  St.  &  Columbus  Ave.  ,130th  St.  and    8th  Ave. 
72dSt.aud  ('olumbus  Ave.      (down  track  only). 
81st  St.  &  Columbus  Ave.  135th  St.  and  8th  Ave, 
93d  St,  and  Columbus  Ave.  Il40th  St.  and  8th  Ave. 
104th St.  &  Columbus  Ave.  145th  St,  and  8th  Ave 
110th  St., between  8th and 

Columbus  Aves, 
liethSt.  and  8th  Ave, 


155th  St.  &  8th  Ave.,con- 
nects  with  New  York 
&  Putnam  Railway. 


NINTH  AVENUE  LINE. 

Trains  will  run  dally  and  Sunday  from  South  Ferry  to  135th  St.  every  2  to  6  minutes,  and  from  135th 
St.  to  South  Ferry  every  2  to  6  minutes  between  5.04  a.  m.  and  11.55  p.m.  ;  11.55  p.m.  to  5.04  a,m.,  every 
lOminntes,     Time.  86  minutes  to  135th  Street. 

Pu.ssengers  transferred  at  59th  Street  to  Sixth  Avenue  Line  without  extra  charge. 

Express  trains  leave  15oth  Street  for  Rector  Street  6.59  to  9.09  a.m.,  and  Rector  Street  for  155th 
Street  2.21  to  6..^0  p.  m. 

South  Ferrv  to  15oth  Streetacd  F-iarhth  Avenue,  10.07  miles;  South  Ferry  to  59th  Street  and  Ninth 
Avenue,  5.08  miles.    South  Ferry  to  135th  Street  9. 07  miles. 

STATIONS. 


South  Ferry. 
Battery  Place. 
Rector  &  Greenwich  Sts. 
Cortlandt  &  Gr'nwich  St 
Barclay  &  Greenwich  Sts 


Warren  &  Greenwich  Sts. 
Franklin  &(irr'enwich.Sts 
Desbrossesfe  Gr'  nwich  Sts 
Houston  &  Greenv.-ich  Sts 


Chri.stopher&  Greenwich . 
14th  St.  and  9th  Ave. 
23d  St.  and  9th  Ave, 
30th  St,  and  9th  Ave. 


34th  St.  andPth  Ave, 
42dSt.  and  9th  Ave 
,=)Oth  St.  and  9th  Ave, 
69th  St.  and  9th  Ave, 


838 


V 


INTERBOROOGB  RAPID  TRANSIT  COMPANY 


SUBNA/AY     DIVISIOIM— SXATI 


MAIN  LINE. 

South  Kerry. 
Bowling  (7  ree  II. 
Wall  Street. 
Fultoa  Street, 
City  Hall  Loop. 
Brooklyn  Bridge. 
Worth  and  Elm  Sts. 
Canal  and  Elm  Sts. 
Spring  and  Elm  Sts. 
Bleeckerand  Elm  Sts. 
Astor  PI.  and  4th  Ava 
14th  St.  and  4th  Ave. 
18th  St.  and  4th  Ave. 
23d  St.  and  4th  Ave. 
28th  St.  and  4th  Ave. 
33d  St.  and  4th  Ave. 
42d  St.  and  Park  Ave. 


Times  Station  (42d  St. 

and  Broadway). 
5()th  St.  Sc  Broadway. 
Columbus  Circle  (00th 

Street). 


GOth  St.  & 
72d  St.  and 
79th  St.  & 
SGth  St.  & 
91st  St.  and 


Broadway. 

Broadway. 
Broadway. 
Broadway. 

Broadway. 


9dth  St.  &    Broadway. 

WEST  BRANCH. 

103d  St.  &  Broadway. 
1 10th  St.  &  Broadway. 
llGth  St.  &  Broadway. 
Manhattan  St.  &  B'  way 
1 137th  St.  &  Broadway. 


145th  St.  &  Broadway. 
157th  St.  &  Broadway. 
108th  St.  &  Broadway. 
181st  St.  &,  Broadway. 
Dyckman  St.  ,k  B  way. 
207th  St.  &  Broadway. 
215th  St.  &  Broadway. 
225th  St.  &  Broadway. 
230th  St.  &  Broadway. 

EAST  BRANCH. 
110th  St.     and  Lenox 

Ave. 

116th 

Ave. 

125th 

Ave. 

135th 

Ave. 


ONS 

St, 


and  Lenox 


St.  and  Lenox 
St  and  Lenox 
St.   and  Lenox 


145th 
Ave. 

MottAv.  and  149th  St. 
149th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
Jackson  and  Westches- 
ter Aves. 
Prospect    and    West- 

che.'iter  Aves. 
Simpson  St.  and  South 

Boulevard. 
Freeman  St.  and  South 

Boulevard, 
174th  St,  and  Boston 

Road. 
177th  St. 

Road, 
a  80th  St. 

Road. 


and  Boston 
and  Boston 


Fare,  five  cents.     Children   under  five  years  of  age,  free. 

Trains  will  run  daily  between  City  Hall,  South  Ferry,  Brooklvn  Bridge,  I37tlx  Street, 
Dyckman  and  230th  Streets  and  Broadway,  and  145th  Street  and  Lenox  Avenue,  and  180th 
Street  and  Boston  Road. 

Trains  trom  the  East  and  West  Branches  meet  at  96th  Street  Junction,  making  the  interval 
between  that  point  and  Brooklyn  Bridge  as  follows : 

Local  trains,  12  midnight  to  8.30  a.m.,  ^7%  to  2  minutes,  and  from  8.30  a.  m.  to  12  mid- 
night, 2  to  3  minutes.  Express  trains  from  6.37  A.  M.  to  8.25  A,  M. ,  3  to  2  minutes,  and  from 
8. 25  A.  M.  to  12. 24  A.  M. ,  2  to  4  minutes. 

Running  time,  Local  trains :  137th  Street  and  Broadway  to  City  Hall,  34  minutes ;  180th 
Street  and  Boston  Road  to  City  Hall,  51  minutes. 

Running  time,  Express  trains:  230th  Street  to  South  Ferry,  45  minutes;  Dyckman  Street 
to  South  Ferry,  38^  minutes ;  180th  Street  to  South  Ferry,  45  minutes. 

Brooklyn  Bridge  to  230th  Street  and  Broadway,  14. 14.  miles. 

Brooklyn  Bridge  to  145th  Street  and  Lenox  Avenue,  9. 46  miles. 

Brooklyn  Bridge  to  180th  St.  and  Boston  Road,  13.  50  miles. 


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JUST   as  the  blending   of     different   nationalities   produces   a    characteristic 
American  people,   bO  the   blending  of  Swiss  fabrics,  German  colors,  and 
American  brains  in  the  :  :  :  :  ;  ;, 

Du-Ra-Bul 

Typewriter    Ribbons 

Made  by  the  Dodge  "New  Process" 

Produces  a  Ribbon  of  Sterling 

Character.       **  Du.Ra-Bul " 

Ribbons    Insure    Clean, 

Clear  Correspondence. 

ALL    COLORS    FOR    ALL    MACHINES 

Our  Ribbovs  Are  Used  in  the  OfGtces  of 
The  New  York  World. 


THE  DODQE  COMPANY,  Manufacturers 


312=314  South  Warren  St. 


SYRACUSE,  N.  V. 


THE  ART  PRESERVATIVE 

IN  none  of  the  arts  is  the  advance  of  the  beautiful  more  pronounced  than  in  that  of  the  art  preserva- 
tive of  arts.  And  it  is  by  a  return  to  the  past,  idealizing  the  typography  of  tlie  Fifteenth  Century, 
that  the  highest  form  of  the  beautiful  has  been  attained.     Within  ten  years  the  greatest  changes  for 

the  better  nave  been  made.  William  Morris,  of  the  noted  Kelmscott  Press,  is  quoted  as  saying  in 
1890  that  no  good  book  printing  has  been  done  since  the  middle  of  the  Sixteenth  Century,  and  that  the 
degradation  of  the  art  had  been  lar,'eiy  due  to  mean  types.  He  urged  the  use  of  better  types,  a  toler- 
ance of  quaintness.  and  the  revival  of  mediaeval  methods. 

The  adverse  criticism  of  1890  does  not  hold  good  now.  A  revolution  has  taken  place  from  the 
over-ornate  to  the  attractive  and  restful  in  typography,  America  has  not  been  be)iind  in  this 
regard.  The  Jenson  type  is,  perhaps,  the  best-known  illustration.  Between  Nicholas  Jenson  and  the 
American  Type  Founders'  Company  stretch  nearly  450  years.  It  was  in  1458  that  Jenson,  an  engraver 
of  the  Paris  mint,  was  sent  to  Mainz  by  Charles  VII.,  King  of  France,  to  learn  the  new  art  of  printing 
He  studied  for  three  years  and  returned  to  Paris,  In  1471  Jenson  printed  four  books  in  Venice.  He  re- 
mained in  tliat  romantic  city  to  the  end  of  his  life,  in  1481.  It  is  said  that  he  was  not  the  first  printer  to 
make  Roman  types,  but  that  he  made  them  better  than  did  his  rivals. 

In  honor  of  tuis  old  typemaker  the  Jenson  type  of  to-day  is  named.  Like  the  French  pioneer  of  the 
craft,  the  American  type  founders  excel  in  their  time  in  making  the  best  faced  type  On  reflection, 
however,  it  seems  strange  that  this  handsome  Roman  letter,  used  in  Venice  in  the  Fifteenth  C  ntury, 
reached  in  the  higiiest  degree  tlie  necessary  qualities  of  legibility  and  purity  of  line,  and  that  the 
Twentieth  Century  can  do  no  better  than  borrow  its  beauties  for  to-day's  readers. 

From  the  inception  of  printing  from  movable  types,  the  mast'^rs  who  have  handed  down  the  honor- 
able calling  have  taken  pride  in  their  work,  like  all  true  artists.  Pierre-Simon  Fournier,  in  his 
Manual  Typographique,  wrote: 

"Type-founding  is  not  like  other  arts,  in  which  imperfect  workmanship  may  find  <»  use  proportion- 
ate to  its  relative  value.  Printing  should  tolerate  nothing  that  is  bad,  nor  even  that  which  is  mediocre, 
since  it  costs  as  much  to  found  and  print  bad  types  as  it  does  to  found  and  print  perfect  on<  s." 

It  is  safe  to  say  tnat  the  time  will  never  come  when  the  handicraft  of  the  type-founder  will  be  a  lost 
art.  The  demand  for  the  artistic  in  type,  as  well  as  in  the'other  finer  fancies  of  the  aae,  is  growing,  and 
is  being  met  by  "th-i  found'^rs,"  by  which  appellation  the  printers  of  the  entire  country  designate  the 
American  Type  Founders'  Company,  embracing  the  best-known  and  oldest-established  concerns  of  a 
dozen  cities. 

This  Company  is  the  originator  of  all  the  leading  type  designs,  and  has  unequalled  facilities  for 
supplying  everything  r?quired  in  printing  ofBces.  It  has  lately  issued  very  attractive  specimen  books, 
which  cover  the  widest  range  in  type  faces  in  both  plain  and  original  designs.  Among  the  new  faces 
are  the  Cloister  Black,  Tabard,  and  the  extensive  Cheltenham  family. 

Additional  specimen  sheets  are  constantly  being  issued  from  the  ofiBce,  comer  of  Rose  and  Duane 
Streets,  New  York  City,  showing  the  new  faces  as  soon  as  they  are  brought  out  for  the  public  verdict. 

840 


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SKEPTICS 

Are  you  ruptured,  discouraged  and  with  no  talth 
in  trusses?    You  will  be  converted  if  you  get 

The  Huston   Automatic  Truss 


REAR  VIEW 

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TTnA ion  of  the  body.     Correspondence  solicited- 


.BQiKi'saifWiciiPesssff 


Five  Distinct  Points 
of  Excellence 

First— Patieni  cau  ad- 
just it  herself. 

Second  —  It  will  not 

Iirltatr,    Cacse    Soreness 
nor  IVndrmess. 

Third-Will  (jive  Per- 

feet   Eflief    in    cases    of 

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Fourth— Modi. 

fied  f'Tins  can  b« 
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Flftb— CEn  >>« 


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EatabUshcd    1887.      ln««rporated   1903. 


R41 


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The  following  description  of  this  book  may  have  an  appearance  of  exaggeration,  yet,  when 
compared  with  the  book  itself,  the  impartial  reader  wiii  allow  that  the  description  only  faintly  echoes 
the  vast  fund  of  information  contained  in  it. 

No  trade,  profession,  or  occupation  but  what  is  represented  therein.  The  housewife  will  find  aids  and 
suggestions  therein  innumerable.  The  Carpenter,  the  Builder,  the  Blacksmith,  will  find  material  aid 
each  in  their  respective  departments.  Tiie  young  lavly  will  find  innumorable  aids  to  pass  her  time  uot 
only  pleasantly,  but  profitably.  The  Farmer  and  Stock-raiser  will  there  reap  sueh  valuable  hints  as 
cannot  be  found  outside  a  small  agricultural  library.  The  Trapper  can  find  in  no  other  book  or  books  the 
secrets  contained  in  Youman's.  The  Sick  can  turn  therein  to  the  particular  disease  with  which  they 
are  troubled,  and  learn  the  latest  remedies,  with  methods  for  home  treatment.  But  it  is  impossible  to 
enumerate  every  particular  branch  of  every  employment  that  Youman's  does  not  advance  new  and 
valuable  information  thereon.  The  following  gives  briefly  the  different  trades,  etc.,  etc.,  valuable 
information  for  which  is  found  in  Youman's  Household  Guide. 


Book-keepers, 

Stock-raisers, 

Gardeners, 

Florists, 

Liquor  Dealers, 

Druggists, 

Photographers, 

Architects, 

Artists, 

Bakers, 

Confectioners, 

Engineers, 

Flour  Dealers, 


Glass  Workers, 

Hair  Dressers, 

Hatters, 

Ink  Makers, 

Lumber  Dealers, 

Miners. 

Opticians, 

Soapmakers, 

Tinsmiths, 

Cabinetmakers, 

Barbers, 

Bookbinders, 

Printers, 


Gilders, 

Painters, 

Shoemakers, 

Brewers, 

Builders, 

Dairymen, 

Glaziers, 

Iron  Workers, 

Authors, 

Nurses, 

Perfumers, 

Roofers, 


Varnishers, 

Cooks, 

Engravers, 

Furriers, 

Carvers, 

Jewellers, 

Dyers, 

Coopers, 

Coppersmiths, 

Machinists, 

Curriers, 

Doctors, 


Electrotype  rs. 

Fish  Dealers, 

Gunsmiths, 

Lithographers, 

Milliners, 

Dentists, 

Plasterers. 

Scourers, 

Tailors, 

Taxidermists, 

Apiarians, 

Paper  Hangers. 


Tanners, 

i^iT  The  Reader  tviU  understand  that  it  is  nttprlt/  impossible  to  insert  in  these  pages  even  the  merest 
mention  of  the  vast  amount,  of  infm-iruUion  contiined  in  the  Uirge  double- column  530  pages  of  Youman's 
Hitusehold  Guide.     The  Hook  itself  must  be  seen  and  consulted  to  be  fully  appreciated. 

It  is  issued  in  t>vo  styles  of  binding  Cloth  with  silver  back  stainp«  $2.O0; 
heavy  Paper  ('over,  81.00.  Sent  by  mail,  postpaid,  to  any  address  on  receipt  of 
price.    At.ENTS   WANTED. 

Any  of  the  books  advertised  on  thii  page  will  be  sent  to  any  address  to  any  part  of  the  world  by  mail,  postpaid,  on  receipt 
of  price.    U.  S.  Postage  stamps  taken  tbe  same  as  cash.    Address  all  orders  to 

J.  S.  OGILVIE  PUBLISHING  CO^HPANY,      -      -      37  Rose  Street,  New  York 

Send  to  us  for  Catalogue  of  Useful  and  Popular  Books.    i>IailRd  free  to  any  address. 

842 


Pure  Soap 

is  a  household  necessity — it  is  the  great  essential  to 
a  healthful  skin  and  a  clear  complexion.  For  absolute 
purity,  cleansing  and  soothing  qualities 

Glenn's 
Sulphur  Soap 

has  a  reputation  of  many  years'  standing.  Any  user 
v/ill  tell  you  that  nothing  is  so  good  as  Glenn's 
Sulphur  Soap  to  remove  facial  bleinishes  and  keep 
the  skin  clear  and  smooth. 

Prepared  and  Sold  Strictly  in  Compliance 
with  the  Food  and  Drugs  Act 

Sold  by  All  Druggists. 
Hill's  Hair  and  WTiisker  Dye,  Black  or  Brown,  50c. 


OLDS 

ENGINES 

'best  by  every  TESir 

Do  You  Want 
an  Engine  ? 

We  have  one  you  can  afford  to  buy.  We  have  been  building  nothing  but  engines  for 
25  years.  We  guarantee  the  Olds  Engines  will  run  properly.  The  price  is  right.  The 
engine  is  reliable  and  simple.  We  treat  you  right.  There  is  an  agent  near  by  to  see 
everything  is  right  and  kep   so. 

We  have  a  liberal  proposition  to  make  to  you,  besides  furnishing  you  the  best  engine  made. 
Let  us  tell  you  about  it,  because  it  will  surely  interest  you. 

We  can  furnish  you  our  Type  A  engine,  set  up  on  skids  if  desired,  3  to  8  h.  p.  ready 
to  run  when  you  get  it— does  not  have  to  be  set  up— no  piping  to  connect,  no  foundation 
to  build— simply  fill  with  gasoline  (or  distillate)  throw  on  the  switch,  turn  the  wheel 
anditgoes.  Easy  to  start  in  Winter  or  Summer,  The  cheapest  of  all  engines  for  farm 
and  stationary  power.  Has  removable  water  jacket,  all  latest  improvements,  and  has 
been  adopted  by  the  United  States  Government.  , 

Send  for  our  catalog  of  3  to  50  h.  p.  engines,  and  be  sure  you  take  advantage  of  our  proposition 
and  save  money, 

OLDS    GAS    POWER   CO. 


Main  office:     9y>0  Chestuut  St.,  Lanslug,  Mich. 
Boston;     67-75  Washington  St.,  N.       Binghamton,  N.  Y.:    '23  'Washingtou  St. 
Kansas  City,  Mo.;    1226  Eleventh  St.     Minneapolis:     313  S.  Tl;ird  St. 

843 


Philadelphia:     1816  Market  St. 
Omaha*.    1018  Faraom  St. 


COMFORT    TO     MANKIND. 

And  since  1870  adding  years  to  r  man's  Ufa— SCHNOTER'S  ARMY  AND  KaVY  8USPKX80RY  BA>'DAaE  1b  the  oaXy 
permanent  rell.f  for  VaRI<X)CELE.  HYDROCELE,  aad  RLPTURE, 

Betore  taking  not.ce  oi  ^TAi4TLlNG  ADVEUT13£ME\TS  of  so-calkd  VARICOCELE  CURES  sea  your  familj  physi- 
cian, IncldeutaTv  ask  him  aboai  the  CELEBRATED  dCHXOTEK'S  8C«PENSOIlI£8.  Don't  b«  eurt/rised  if  hi  lelli  you  ha 
Wean  them  hiiT.»elf.     Anv  belter  indorsement  warned  I  

A  SCliNOTER'S  SUSPENSOKY  is  the  onlv  ^^^-- -"--x.  •afnguard ugalaii  VABlCOCELE.EUPTURK.etc. 

In  use  by  all  prominent  ATHLETES,  PRu  Xt?  /T}  /"TV  FEbSIuXAL   MEK,  BCSl'NtSS  MEX.  POLICE- 

MEN,  FIREMEN,    LETTER-CARRIERS,  aDd»*'y        j    )(^  iQ*    >mai»ii  lued  in  the  UNITED  STATES  ^RMY  aud  NA\1'. 

WUEELilEN  siiouid   not   be  without  one.        /    fU inv.^3nl^>n    \ 

Imloised    by    vroniint^ni     physicians     and       £ >— ^DV>TJU-^0      y       gur^ieons   since    1870.      Also  by    Authorities    on 

Hygiene  and  Physicul  Culture.  DECISTEREO. 

We  are  spccialisu  iu  SUSPENSORY'  making  and  we  will  ciieerfully  give  you  any  inforuiutlou  regarding  VARICOCELE 
and  RUI-rURE. 

Ask  your  druggist   for  the  "GENUINE  SCHNOTER'S  SUSPENSORY  BANDAGES."    (Look  for  the  above  trade  mark.) 
If  he  has  not  our  make   in  stock,  and   refuses  to  get  it  for  you,  send  direct  to  us  and  we  will  mail  to  you  in  plain  wrapper,  on 
receipt  of   price.     Plain  style,  COTTON,  30o.  and  40c.-,  LINEN,  60c.;  SILK,  50c.,  60c.,  and  76c.;  A.  and  N.  STYLE,  no  elastic, 
30c.;  ARMY  and  NAVY  style,  with  lisle  elastic  belt  and  straps,  COTION,  65c.;  LINEN,  75c.;  BEST  SILK,  $1. 
Guaranteed  and  manu-    J^       Q^        ©CHNOXER        CO., 


1 


factured  solely  by  the   J  •      ^»       ^  ^  -"•  iN  O   1   XJ*  XN 
See  page  855,  (Headquarters)  523  6th  Ave,,  near  3l8t  St.,  New  York,  U.S.A. 


WE  WANT  SALESMEN 


THE  TOLEDO  COMPUTLNj  SCALE  CO. 
TOLEDO,  OHIO 

A  large  and  progressive  company,  making 
the  highest  type  computing  scales,  the  sale 
of  which  has  met  with  phenomenal  success, 
is  extending  its  business  and  wants  several 
high-grade  salesmen;  applicants  m.ust  be 
between  the  ages  of  26  and  42,  have  good 
ability,  fair  education,  successful  selling 
experience,  and  be  now  employed.  Fidelity 
Bond  required.  If  you  do  not  care  to  con- 
sider the  proposition  yourself  and  have  a 
friend  who  is  a  first-class  salesman  who 
desires  to  better  his  condition,  please  give 
us  his  name  and  address,  or  have  him  com- 
municate with  us.  Your  kindness  will  be 
highly  appreciated.    Address, 

SAiailS    DEPARTMENT 

TOLEDO  COMPUTLNG  SCALE  CO. 
Toledo,  Ohio,  U.  S.  A. 


LAWYER 


99  Nassau  St.,N.Y. 

(DAYTIME) 

Urojidway,  cornei 

37th  St.,  N.  Y. 

(NIGHT  TIME  ONLY) 


PATENTS 


TRADE  MAPKS 
DESIGivS  AND 
COPYRIGHTS 

ADVICE    FREE.    SEND  FOR  HANDBOOK 

EDGAR  TATE  &  CO. 

SOLICITORS    OF 

UNITED  STATES  AND  FOREIGN  PATENTS 

243  B.-^OADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

BI^ANCH  HOUSE  IN  WASHINGTON 


WHEN  YOU   PATRONIZE  THE 

ADVERTISERS,  KINDLY  MENTION 

THE  WORLD  ALMANAC. 


New  York  Camera  Exchange 

J.  H.  ANDREWS,  Proprietor. 

Our    Business   ^^  buying,  seinng,  and  exchanging 
v^ui      i^uo       \,^^    Cameras  and  Lenses. 

Vni  1 1*    Ri  1 CII  nP^CQ  to  know  where  yoa  can  SAVE  MONEY,  g'et  what  you 
lUUl     UU2MUCS»  ^gg  J .  ^  ^^^  Photographic  Supply  line  at  LOWEST  prices. 

We  save  you  from  10  to  50  per  cent,  on  prices  of  other  dealers  ON  NEW  GOODS, 
Send  2-cent  stamp  for  Bargain  List,  and  mention  "  World  Almanac.*' 

Telephone,  2387  John.    Dept.  A.  114   FULTON   3TREET. 

944 


^. 


BUCKEYE  DRILLS  and  CULTIVATORS 


For  sixty  years  Buckeye  Drills 
have  been  recognized  as  the 
highest  possible  type  of  seeding: 
machine.  They  Trill  sow  any  kind 
of  grain,  under  all  conditions. 
Made  in  all  styles  and  sizes. 


The  cut  shows  ( ur  No.  157 .  Pivot  Axle 
Riding  Cultivator.  It  is  adjustable  in 
width  for  crops  of  all  kinds,  and,  being 
wheel  guide,  it  has  a  greater  range,  and 
is  easier  to  operate  than  any  other  style 
of  Cultivator.  Our  line  also  comprises 
all  styles  of  Riding,  Walkiog,  and 
Combined  Machines. 

Send  for  Catalogue  "  E  ** 


fff^^Tu^«=^ 


T?  .trriimHIfflUffilimBwi".'" 


k) 


P.  P.  MAST  &  CO. 


1908  Canal  St.,  Springfield,  Ohio 


t 


Crooked  Spines   Made   Straight 

Vou  Can  Cure  Yoiirself  Kight  at  Home  Without  Pain  or  Jiicoiivenience 
of  Any  5?i)inai  Deformity  With  the  Wondei'fid  Sjheldoii  Appliance 

No  matter  how  old  you  are,  or  how  long  you  have  suffered,  or  what  kind  of  Spinal 
deformity  you  have,  there  is  a  cure  for  you  by  means  of  the  wonderful  Sheldon  Appli- 
ance. This  appliance  was  invented  by  the  very  man  who  cured  himself  with  it  of  Spinal 
deformity  he  had  for  many  years,  and  had  been  given  up  by  doctors  and  surg-\>ons. 

THE  SHELDON  APPLIANCE 

is  as  firm  as  steel  and  yet  elastic  at  the 
ri:;ht  places.  It  gives  an  even,  perfect 
support  to  tlie  weakened  or  deformed 
spine.  It  is  as  easy  to  take  ott  and  put  on 
as  a  coat  and  you  can  adjust  it  in  a 
moment.  You  can  go  around  and  work 
with  it  without  the  least  inconvenience, 
without  chafing,  irrijtation.  or  sweating. 
No  one  can  notice  you  have  it  on.  The 
Siieldon  Appliance  is  made  to  order  to 
fit  each  individual  perfectly.  It  weighs 
ounces,  where  other  supports  weiprh 
pounds.  The  price  is  within  the  reach  oi 
all.     Hundreds  of  doctors  recommend  it, 

i'     and  have  used  it  with  wonderful   results.      After  ordering 
an  appliance. 
WE  LET  YOU  USE  IT  30  DAYS 

iand  guarantee  satisfaction.     If  you  or  your  child  are  suffering  from  any  form  of  spinal 
trouble,  stooped  shoulders,  hunchback  or  crooked  spine,  write  us  at  once, 
book  of  proofs  of  cures,  with  full  information  and  references. 

1    PHILO=BURT  MFG.  CO.    -      227  Eighth  Street,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

845 


Map9«*F!qfl^9«iM^<MWpqaaFi 


Greatest    of  all   Scissors 

Eighteen  Tools  Combined 

And  Every  Tool 
Practical 

Keen  Edge 


6.  Ruler 

1.  Scissors 

7.  Measure 

8.  Nail  File 


12.  Hammer 

13.   Piakniftf 

1-1.  Glass  Cutter 

IS.  Glass  Breaker 

«    16.  Marking 

^Yheel 

11.  Cartridge 

Eiiractor 

10.  Cigar  Box 

Opener 

17.  Ink  Eraser 
1  Si.    Stereoscope 


la 


Just  the  article  for  Office 

men,    Clerks,     Bankers, 

Travelling  salesmen,  or 

tlie  Housewife.    Ma>le  of  1st 

quality  of  Fteel — fine  work- 

mnnsMp  —  nicely  finished.     Nickel 

plated.  Put  up  In  elegant  leather  sheath. 

Postpaid  on  receipt  of  $1.00 


14 


W.    C.    HOCKING    t,*    CO. 

158  Lake  Street,  Chicag^o 

Used  as  Souvenirs  with  Manufacturer's  Imprint. 


60    YEARS' 
EXPERIENCE 


Trade  Marks 
Designs 
Copyrights  &c. 

Anyone  sending  a  sketch  and  description  raai' 
quickly  ascertain  our  opinion  free  whether  an 
invention  is  probably  patentable.  Communica. 
tlons  strictly  confidential.  HANDBOOK  on  Patents 
sent  free.  Oldest  agency  for  securing  patents. 

Patents  taken  through  Munn  &  Co.  receive 
special  notice,  without  charge,  in  the 

Scientific  l!merican. 

A  handsomely  illustrated  weekly.  Largest  Cir- 
culation  of  any  scientific  journal.  Terms,  $3  a 
year ;  four  months,  JL   Sold  by  all  newsdealers. 

MUNN  &Co.36'B™adwa,.  New  York 

Branch  Office.  625  F  St.,  Waehlngton.  D.  C. 


•^^'vwmmtmmfmrwm 


846 


aw  ■  ■•■    I*  I 


America's  Popular  Music  House 

WURLITZER 


FREE 


Musical  Instruments  are  used  and  indorsed  by  Pro- 
fessional Musicians  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific, 
and  the  fact  that  the  U.  S.  Government  uses  our 
instruments  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  that  the  quality 
and  price  is  correct. 

Comets  from  $7.50  to  $60.  Flutes  from 
$1.75  to  $175.  Violin  outfits  from  $3.45  to 
$100.  Fine  Old  Violins  lip  to  $5,00O.  High- 
class  Upright  Pianos  $168  and  Up.  Criiitars* 
$3.15  to  $50.  I>[andolins,$3to$56.  Drums 
from  $2  up.    Harmonicas  as  low  as  10  cents* 

Everything  known  in  Musical  Instruments  at  corre- 
sponding low  prices.  Sheet  Music  and  Instruction 
Books  at  half  price. 

Handsome  catalog  and  a  50-cent  piece  of  music,  if  you 
state  where  you  saw  this  ad.  and  instrument  you  are 
interested  in. 


"m  Rudolph  Wurlifzer  Co.ri'N!i'N*N\'T*i 


"VARICOSE  VEINS,"  ETC. 

Those  afflicted  with  Varicose  conditions  obtain  sure  relief  from  wearing  our 
perfect-fitting  Elastic  Hosiery.  My  long  experience  in  adjusting  Elastic  Stockinjis, 
Knee  Caps,  Anklets,  etc.,  enables  me  tj  give  every  satisfaction  to  both  physician 
and  patient.  Those  troubled  with  Rheumatism  and  swelling  in  the  lower  limbs 
will  derive  much  benefit  by  using  Elastic  Stockings,  etc.  While  my  Elastic  Hosiery 
is  made  of  the  best  of  materials,  the  prices  are  indeed  very  moderate.  Elastic 
Stockings  from  $2.     Mail  orders  promptly  executed. 

Competent  female  attendant  in  Ladies'  Department.  Hours— 9  to  5. 

A.  PARKS    BLACK,  G.   M. 

(Expert  in  Elastic  Hosiery,  Etc.) 

523  Sixth  Avenue,  at  31st  St.,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 

Dept.  E,  H.        See  pages  850  and  852. 

The  H  astings  &  McI  ntosh  Truss  Co. 

MANUFACTURERS    OP   ALL    KINDS    OP 

TR  USSES 

sole  Makers  of  the  Celebrated 
Dr.  Mcintosh    Natural    Uterine  Supporter,  for    Home   and 

Export    Trade. 


912  WALNUT  ST., 


PHILADELPHIA,  U.  S.  A, 


Send  tof  Gatalo^ue  and  Price  Lisi 

847 


HiMitani^riMw 


A.  J.  GLEaSON,  President.  T.  G.  0  BRIEN,  Vice-President 

DRAKE   SCHOOL. 

SHORTHAND,  TYPEWRITING  and  BOOKKEEPING 
The  only  Commercial  School  in  the  Heart  of  the  Office  Section 


2,100  students  pfeced'Iast  year  (positions  guaranteed).      Day  and  night 
sessions.    Individual  instruction  only.     Write  or  call  for  catalog. 

154  Nassau  St.^Tribune  Building,  near  Brooklyn  Bridge,  New  York  City. 

GEM  BOX  TRUCK— You  Can^t  Break  It. 

It's  made  of  steel  and  cast  iron.     It's  made  with  and  without  rubber  tires,  with  roller  bearings. 
"Wheels  6  Inches  in  diameter.    Will  run  easier  than  any  other.    Look  at  the  steel  points, 

>i  o>  E  »: 

O    «    5    '* 

5  2  « 


»     K     S     O    3 

Manufactured  by  CITY  FORGE  ANI>  IRON  WORKS,  Dayton,  Ohio,  U.  S.  A. 

Write  for  Catalog  W.  A. 


SHELL  and  Full  Back  Reform  Eyes  made  to 
order.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Also  carry 
large  stock  of  both  on  Hand.  Address  for  par- 
ticulars, CHARLES  FRIED,  110  E.  23d  St.,  near 
4in  Ave.,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

Write  for  booklet  W. 


WHEN  YO'J   PATRONIZE  THE 

ADVERTISERS,  KINDLY  MENTION 

THE  WORLD  ALMANAC. 

813 


Kissick's  Business  Institute 

45  to  49  ASHLAND  PLACE,        BROOKLYN,  NEW  YORK 

42D  YEAR 


All  business  branches  thoroughly  taught     Individual  instruction  given. 

Terms  less  than  half  our  former  prices  to  those  coming  well  recom- 
mended with  a  fair  English  education  or  willing  to  acquire  one. 

Lucrative  employment  secured  iyfree  of  charge  for  all  vje  can  get 
ready)  in  Stenography,  Typewriting,  Bookkeeping,   Commercial  Law,  etc 


Preparatory  and  Civil  Service  Courses  for  those  wishing  to  enter 
college  or  government  service. 

Languages,  Mechanical  and  Architectural  Drawing,  Designing  and 
Lettering. 

German,  French,  and  Spanish  Stenography,  etc 

Call  if  possible  and  see  the  superior  advantages  our  students  have  for 
securing  a  first-class  business  treiining. 

DAY  AND  EVENING  SESSIONS 

PROF.  W.   A.   KISSICK 

849 


NEW  YORK  SCHOOL 
OF  INDUSTRIAL  ART 

343  W.  57th  Streets  New  York 

Incorporated  under  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  tKe  State  of  New 
York.  Co-educatjonal.  Purely  Professional  Academic  Training.  Arch- 
itecture and  Interior  Decoration.  Life  and  Illustration  Classes.  Adver- 
tisement Writing.  Textile,  Costume  and  Book  Cover  Design.  Applied 
Arts.  Art  and  Manual  Training  Courses  for  Teachers.  Students  entering 
in  September  for  the  full  Winter  Session  receive  one  month's  tuition  free. 
Winter  Session,  October  to  June.  Summer  Session,  June  to  October. 
Home  privileges  for  young  ladies.     Prospectus  upon  application.     Address 

ELISA   A.  SARGENT,  President. 


MdiCtfMAPS 


ROAD  MAPS 

Specially  designed  and  bound 
in  pocket  form  for  the  use  of 

Touring   Automobilists. 

WESTERN— Ohio,  25c. ;  Southwestern  Ohio,  50c. ;  Northern  Ohio,  50c.  ;  Indiana, 
50c.  ;  Southern  Indiana,  35c.  ;  Northwestern  Indiana,  $1 ;  Illinois,  $i'2. 50 ;  Michi- 
gan. $1.25;  Iowa,  25c.  ;  Missouri,  25c. ;  Wisconsin,  75c.  ;  Eastern  Wisconsin, 
^1.25;  Kentucky,  50c. 

EASTERN— New  York  State,  75c. ;  New  Jersey,  50c. ;  Pennsylvania,  50c. ;  Mary- 
land and  Delaware,  75c. 

C.   S.   MENDENHALL   (Publislier),  1908   Opera   Place,  Cincinnati,   Ohio 


Corpulent    Reople 


Find  relief  in  our  true-fittins:  ABDOMINAL  BELTS- 
ventinp  the  accumulation  of  super 
the  abdomen  and  relieves  tlie  strain 
Backache;  also  p^vents  Hernia, 
through  your  physician  or  otherwise, 
made.  I  also  make  special  Abdom 
also  for  professional  people,  where 
I  make  a  specijilty  of  perfect- 
Jockey  Straps,  such  as  are  used 
men,  Golfers,  etc. 

OBESITY  BELTS,  from  $3. 


Dept.  C.  B. 


hy  reducing  the  abd omen,  thereby  pro- 
fluous  flesh.  Supports  the  walls  of 
on  the  surrounding  muscles.  Cures 
Appendicitis,  etc.  Come  to  me, either 
for  the  best  Obesity  or  Kidney  Belt 
inal  Belts  for  riding  purposes,  and 
extra  support  is  required, 
fitting  Scrotum  Supporters  and 
for  Stage  purposes.  Athletes,  Horse- 

SCROTUM  SUPPORTS,  from  75c. 


Hours— 9  to  5. 

See  pages  847  and  852. 

A.  PARKS  BLACK,  G.  M. 

850 


Competent     female     attendant     in 
Ladies'  Department. 


Expert   In    ALd>minftl   Supports,    Etc., 

523  Sixtii  Ave. ,  at  Jilst  St. ,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 


Harlem    Electrical   Institute 

A  SCHOOL  OF  PRACTICAL  ELECTRICITY 
33  West  125th  St.,  near  Lenox  Ave.,  New  York  City 

DAY  AND   EVENING  SESSIONS 

MACHINISTS  ^®  teach  you  practical  electricity  and  qualify  y«u  to 

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ELECTRICIA  NS   ^®  teach  you  the  machinist's  trade  and  qualify  you 

to  obtain  positions  as  ELECTRICAL  MACHINISTS. 


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Our  EQUIPMENT  is  one  of  the  BEST  in  the  country  for 
the  purpose  of  teaching  Electrical  and  Machinists'  trades. 

We  assist  all  students  to  positions.  Call  or  write  for 
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A  Special  Offer  to  Readers  of  the  World  Almanac. 

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Is  the  value  of  the  great  book.     THE 
SCIENCE  OP  A  NEW  LIFE,"  written 
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TO   ALL   WHO   ARE   MARRIED,  ?ja»-e  contemplating  marriage 

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it  may  send  to  us  for  our  16-page  descriptive  circular,  giving  full  and  complete 
table  of  contents.  It  will  be  sent  free  by  mail  to  any  address.  The  following  is 
the  table  of  contents: 

Chapter  I— Jlarriage  and  Its  Advantages.  Chapter  II— Age  at  Which  to  Mnrry.  Chapter  III — 
The  Law  of  Choice.  Chapter  IV— Love  Analyzed.  Chapter  V— QiialltiHs  the  Man  Should  Avoid  in 
Choosing.  Chapter  VI  — Qualities  the  Woman  Should  Avoid  in  Choosing.  Chapter  VII  — The 
Anatomy  and  Physiology  of  Generation  in  Woman.  Chapter  VIII — The  Anatomy  and  Physiology  of  (feneration  in  Man. 
Chapter  IX — Amitiveness  :  Its  Use  and  Abuse.  Chapter  X — Thi?  Prevention  of  Conception.  Chapter  XI — The  Law  of  Conti- 
nence. Chapter  XII— Children  :  Their  Desirability.  Chapter  XIII— The  Law  of  Genius.  Chapter  XIV— The  Conception  of  a 
New  Life.  Chapter  XV— The  Physiology  of  Inter-Uterine  Growth.  Chapter  XVI — Period  of  Gestatlve  Influence.  Chapter 
XVII — Pregnancy  :  Its  Signs  and  Duration.  Chapter  XVIII — Disorders  ot  Pregnancy.  Chapter  XIX — Confinement.  Chapter 
XX — Management  of  Mother  and  Child  After  Delivery.  Chapter  XXI — Period  of  Nursing  Influence.  Chapter  XXII — Foeti- 
cide. Chapter  XXIII — Diseases  Peculiar  to  Women.  Chapter  XXI V— Diseases  Peculiar  to  Men.  Chapter  XXV — Masturba- 
tion. Chapter  XX \T— Sterility  and  Impotence.  Chapter  XXVII— Subjects  of  Which  More  Might  be  Said.  Chapter  XXVIII— 
A  Happy  Married  Life:  How  Secured. 

This  book  is  a  handsome  8vo.  bound  in  heavy  cloth,  and  contains  400  pages,  with  100  illustrations, 
and  will  be  sent  by  mail  postpaid  and  securely  sealed  for  !§3.00. 
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of  the  above  valuable  work  by  mail  postpaid   on   receipt  of  only    S8.00,  provided  you   mention 
the  fact  that  you  saw  this  advertisement  In  THE  WORLD  ALMANAC.    Address  all  orders  to 

J.S.  OGILVIE  PUBLISHING  CO.,  37  Rose  St.. New  YorK 

851 


LOUIS  HECK 

ELECTRICAL    MANUFACTURING    WORKS 

ELECTRICAL   AND    MECHANICAL 
ENGINEER  AND  DRAUGHTSMAN 

SPECIAL    ELECTRICAL    MACHINERY 


EVERY  SYSTEM 

Repairing 

Rewinding 

Reconstructing 


35  N.  J.  RAILROAD  AVENUE,^ 


P  P     M A  «  K  ET  ST  R  E  ET 
KAILROAD  DEPOT, 


NEWARK,  N.  J. 


Lon$  Distance  Telephone  977. 


W^^^ 


I  Want  A  Scale  on  Every  Farm! 


ORIGINATOR   of  the 

to  the  farmers  at  rt-ason- 
AND  ONLY  MAN  to 
HIGH  GRADE  SCALE 


W  hy  not  buy  mine?    I  a«n  the 
plan  of  bflliug  scales  DIRECT 
al.le  prices.    1  was  the   FIRST 
offer  th<j  farmer  a  RELIABLE 
at  a  fair  price.    I  have  made 
aiiU  solil    scales 
for  Ai  years,  and 
while    to-tlay 
there  are  hun- 
dreds of  other 
scales  made  and 

sold  EACH  AMERICAN  FARMER  who  bnys  a  Bcale  is  under  OBLIGA- 
TIONS to  me  for  having  made  the  FIGHT  against  the  old  monopolists  autl 
having  put  the  price  within  reach  of  all.  I  am  now  fighting  tlie  ENTIRE 
SCALE  TRUST  AND  COM.BINATION  to  keen  the  price  down. 

I  have  ft  liiRtory  of  the  scale  business,  called  the  "Reason  why  yon  should 
buv  a  Scalf ".  which  I  will  send  FREE  to  anyone  askiug  lor  it,  together 
with  a  full  line  of  prices  on  all  kinds  of  FARM  SCALES. 

Addres*  "JONES,  H«  Pays  The  Freight". 
BiBghainton,  N.  Y<  Lock  Box  08. 


AGGRAVATED    HERNIA  —  **  RUPTURE 


» 


So-called  RUPTURE  CURES  and  ill-litting  Trusses  cause  aggravated  Hernia.  After  your  ex- 
periments, without  any  pood  results,  then  come  and  try  my  method  of 
HONEST  TRUSS-FITTING.  My  long  experience  in  this  line  enables 
me  to  adjust  the  proper  Truss  to  retain  tho  Hernia  in  most  cases,  thereby 
giving  those  so  afflicted  positive  relief. 

VARICOCELE  is  the  forerunner  of  RUPTURE.  If  most  men  would 
wear  a  well-fitting  SUSPENSORY  there  would  be  less  use  for  Trusses.  I 
am  a  SPECIALIST  in  TRU.SSES,  SUSPENSORIES,  etc.  Those  that  so 
desire  can  see  their  physici'in  before  coming  to  nie.  The  same  careful 
attention  given  to  either  ADULT  or  CHILD.  Trusses  from  $3.  Suspen- 
sories from  50c     Mai!  orders  executed. 

Ccmpeteut  female  g^ttendant  in  Ladies'  Department.  Hours---9  to  6. 


Dept.  T.  S. 

See  pages  — — . 
847  and  860. 


A.   RARK3  BLACK,  G.  M. 

(Expert  in  Trusses,  Suspensories,  Etc.) 

523  Sixth  Avenue,  at  31st  St.,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 

852 


HB 


A  NEW  DISCOVERY 

Instantaneous 
Ink  Eradicator 

ALL  IN  ONE  BOTTLE 
Removes  Ink  from  Paper  or  Cloth 

Indispensable  in  Office  and  Home 

IN  THE  OFFICE.,, 

It  is  invaluable,  one  application  being 
suflicient  to  remove  ink  from  paper  in 
neat,  quick  manner. 

IN  THE  HOME.,. 

It  will  save  you  many  dollars  by  removing 
ink  and  fruit  stains  from  linen,  woollens, 
etc.,  without  injury  to  the  finest  fabric. 

If  your  Stationer  or  Bruggist  does  not  sell 
It,  send  lis  M»  name  and  S5o.  for  full  size 
bottle.    Postage  stamps  accepted. 

E.  £^  H.  MFG.  CO. 


JAMAICA,  L.  I. 
Borough    of    Queens 


NEW  YORK 


HALL'S    OIL  FILTERS 


Tire  in  use  in  the  JJ^   ^     IV21VY 

If  you'll  examine  the  filter,  you'll  see  why.     Always   positive  and  efiBcient  in 
operation.    Self-cleaning  and  can  be  used  with  or  without  heat. 

Has  improved  chuck  faucets  and  sets  up  on  a  stand  where  it  is  easily  accessible. 

All  an  oil  filter  should  be.    Send  for  New  Catalog.    Agents  wanted, 

ENGINE   ROOM   SUPPLIES 


^  Hall  Manufacturing  Co.,  94  John  St.,  New  York 


MulfipIvThis  In  YourHead 


Wouldn't  \ou  like  to  be  able  to  fif^re  this  and  hun.lreJs  ..f  other  similar  problems  in  so 
head!  Wouldn't  vou  like  to  be  able  to  add,  subtract,  mulliply,  aud  divide  any  probl-in 
most  instantly  without  writini^  anv  partial  product— to  b«  able  to  simply  writr  the  •"-»'" 

OUR  FREE  BOOK 


,our 

al- 

le  answer! 

thornuphly  explains  a  method  which  will  make  you 
a  master  of  tiuures.  It  describes  a  sy.st«m  by  which  you 
'*llapitl  CalCUlatlOU''  en  tigrure  instantly  the  most  intricate  gums  in  your 
head  ;  handle  proups  of  fieures  and  fractions  as  easilyas  single  whole  tignresi  in  fact,  cut 
the  work  <'f  fjiiurine  in  two.  xi.jj       vv  j.it 

A  better  position  and  a  large  salary  have  come  to  hundreds  who  hare  re.d  this 
book.  If  ^  ou  naut  to  better  your  position,  to  increase  y""[  s-J.JaO  ..to  make  yourself  worth 
more  10  yourself  and  youremployer,  to  hold  the  wlnp-hand  in  fnancial  transactions  to  make 
your  work  easv  and  interesting  instead  of  tiresome,  yo"  .should  write  for  th:s  book  at  once. 
It  will  cost  you  nothing  b,it  tL  troul  le  of  «ski„K  f'  r  >t.  A  postal  will  bijing  it  to  your 
very  door.  It  m.ay  cost  yon  a  good  position  or  a  valuable  promotion  to  neglect  this  oppor- 
tunitv.  Write  for 'it  t.>dav  before  \  ou  for>;et  it.    Ad.lre-s 

Commercial  Correspondence  Schools  {{f^AiESTERf^!'* 


^.JSi  ='.-'~-t-5<S"f«^3S  1 


PHINE 


Painless 

Home 

Treatment 


We  will  send  anyone  addicted  to  Opium,  Morphine,  Laudanum,  or  other  drug 
habit,  a  trial  treatment  of  our  most  remarkable  remedy.  This  trial  treatment  some- 
times effects  a  perfect  cure.  Confidential  correspondence  invited  from  all,  especially 
physicians. 

ST.    JAME:3    society    (Suite  224) 
ARE  YOU  INTERESTED  IN 

MOVING    PICTURES? 

Then  get    acquainted  with  the  best    Moving  Picture  Machine, 

POWER'S   CAMERAGRAPH,   No.   5. 

The  result  of  ten  years'  constant  improvement,  it  is  the  only  machine  for  high-class  exhibiting  now 
on  the  market.  Used  by  the  U.  S.  GOVERNMENT,  Burton  Holmes,  Keith  &  Proctor,  Harry  Davis' 
Enterprises,  and  all  the  leading  exhibitors. 

If  you  want  good  workmanship,  fine  finish,  simple  design,  the  best  of  material  and  perfect  opera- 
tion, write  for  Catalog  H. 


NICHOLAS  POWER  COMPANY, 


115=117  Nassau  St.,  New  York 


■»      "ASK  THE  MAN  WHO  HAS  ONE." 


Gas  for  Light, 
For  CooKing, 
For  Heating,  &c. 

at  much  less  cost 
than  city  gas,  bet- 
ter, safer,  and 
cheaper  than  elec- 
tricity, and  cost- 
ing much  less 
than  acetylene  ;  is 
safer,  less  atten- 
tion,cleaner.  Most 
durable  and  least 
expensive  appara- 
tus to  maintain  in  effective  perpetual  operation.  Gives  services  of  lighting,  cooking, 
and  heating,  and  operating  pumping  engines.  Fullest  satisfaction  guaranteed,  and  easy 
terms.  The  very  apparatus  for  suburban  homes,  institutions,  etc.  We  construct  special 
apparatus  also  for  fuel  gas  for  manufacturing,  producmg  gas  equivalent  to  city  gas  at  30 
cents  per  1,000  cubic  feet,  and  made  to  respond  to  very  large  demands  ;  also  for  light- 
ing towns,  etc.  Cooking  by  gas  rescues  a  person  from  the  intolerable  heat  experienced 
with  other  stoves.     Furnished  on  trial  to  responsible  parties. 


G.  M.  KEMP  MFG.  CO. 

SEND  FOR  CATALOQUE. 

854 


405  to  4t3E.  OLIVER  ST., 
BAIiTLllORE,  MU. 

Mention  \V«Bt,o  Almanac. 


Knuckle  Joint,  Hydraulic, 
and   Power  Screw 


By  Hand  or 
Power,  from 
50  to  500  tons. 

For   almost 
every 
puriHwe    requiring   pressure. 

BEND   FOR  CATALOGUE. 


PRESSES 

Cider, Wine,  Paper,  Cloth.   Leather 

Belting,  Veneers,  Lard, Tallow, Oleo 

Herbs, 

Fertilizers. 

Glue 

Stock, 

etc., 

cte. 


Boomer  &  Boschert  Press  Co. 

437  West  Water  St.,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A.        ^^^^^^^ 


We  make  a  specialty  of  four  cycle 
gasolene  motors  for  automobile^ 
marine  and  portable  use;  built  in 
sizes  from  8  to  80  H.  P. ;  two 
cylinder  horizontal,  four  and  six 
cylinder  vertical ;  also  transmission 
gears  and  reversing  gears  and  clutch. 

BRENNAN  MOTOR  CO. 

SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


Anti  -  Crooked  Heel  Cushions 

KEEP  SHOES  FROM  RUNNING  OVER,  AND  ACT  AS  A  CUSHION, 
PREVENTING  JAR  TO- SPINE.  THEY  ARE  ADJUSTABLE    ■ 

PRICE,  35c,  PAIR,  BY  x^IAIL.  ANY  SIZE. 

88  Reade  St 
NEW   YORK. 


Nathan  Novelty  Manufacturing  Co. 


ESTABLISHED   1870. 

J.  C.  SCHNOTER'S 

SHOULDER  BRACE 

For  Round  Shoulders. 

Makes  the  form  erect,  expands  the 
chest,  strengthens  the  lungs,  and  is  com- 
fortable to  wear. 

ELASTIC  STOCKINGS, 
KNEE  CAPS,  AND  ANKLETS. 

Also  Trusses,  Abdominal  Supporters, 
Crutches,  Braces,  etc.,  etc.  / 

Competent  lady  attendants.  Separate 
parlors.    See  page  844. 


•* Hernia  Trusses" 

Scientifically  fitted  to  suit  each  par- 
ticular case. 

SCHNOTER'S  ATHLETIC  SUPPORT- 
ERS or  JOCK-STRAPS  are  universally 
used  by  Professional  nnd  Athletic  people 
in  general.  Fcr  Horsemen,  Racquet  and 
Tennis  plnyers.  Golfers,  etc.  Ask  vour 
dealer  for  the  genuine  "SCHNOTER'S" 
iind  only  those  bearing  our  trade-mark - 
J.C.S.— or  we  will  send  direct  on  r<'oeipt 
of  price.  Cotton  Mesh,  60c.;  Linen  Mesh, 
75c.;  Silk,  Gflc. 

J.  C.   SCHNOTER  TO.,  Makers, 

523  Sixth  Avenue, 

Near  3l8t  St.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y.,  U.S. A 

Tel.  2699  Mad. 


WHEN  YOU  PATRONIZE  THE 

ADVERTISERS,  KINDLY  MENTION 

THE  WORLD  ALMANAC. 

855 


The  GAEATEST  OF  ALL  Musical  Inventionq-The  TWO  HORN 


DUPLEX 


PHONOGRAPH 


FREIGHT 

PREPAID 


FREE 
TRIAL 

IT  is  the  one  phonograph  that 
gives  you  all  the  sound  vi- 
brations.    It  has   cot  only 
two  horns, but  two  vibratiug 
diaphragms  in  its  sound  box. 

Other  phonographs  have  one 
diaphragm  and  one  horn.  The 
Duplex  (jets  all  the  volume  of 
music;  other  phonographs  get 
the  half.  Not  only  do  you  get 
more  volume,  but  you  get  a  bet- 
I  tertone — clearer,  sweeter,  more 
like  the  original.    Our 

FREE  CATALOGUE 

will  explain  fully  the  superiority  of  The  Duplrx.  Don't 
allow  any  one  to  T>er8uade  you  to,  buy  any  other  mako 
i  without  first  sending  for  our  catalogue. 

Save  all  the  Dealers*  70%  Profits 

The  Duplex  is  not  sold  by  dealers  or  in  stores.  We  are 
AeiualHauuraeturt-rk.  not  Jobbers,  and  sell  only  direct 
from  onr  factory  to  the  user,  eliminating  all  middlemen'* 
profits.  That  is  why  we  are  able  to  manufacture  and  deliver 
the  best  phonograph  made  for  leas  than  one* third  what 
dealers  ask  for  other  makes  not  co  Rood. 

DUPLEX    PHONOGRAPH  CO.,    214 


Tach  horn  is  30  in.  long  with 
J  7  in.  bell.  Cabinet  18  in,  x 
J4.in,x  loin, 

NO  MONEY  DOWN 
Seven  Days'  Free  Trial 

We  will  allow  seven  days'  free  trial 
in  your  own  home  in  which  to  decide' 
whether  you  wish  to  keen  it.  If  the 
machine  does  not  make  good  our 
every  claim — voluroe.tjuality,  saving, 
satisfaction— Justsendit back.  We'l]^ 
pay  all  freight  charges  both  wnju. 

All  the  Latest  Improvements 

The  Duplex  is  equipped  with  a  mechanical  feed  that  re« 
lieves  the  record  of  all  the  destructive, vjork  of  propellins 
the  reproducer  across  its  surface.  The  needle  point  is  held 
in  continuous  contact  with  the  inner  (which  is  the  more 
accurate)  wall  of  the  sound  wave  groove,  thus  reproducing 
more  perfectly  whatever  music  was  put  into  the  record 
when  it  was  made. 

The  Duplex  has  a  device  by  which  the  weight  of  the  re- 
producer upon  the  record  may  be  regulated  to  suit  the 
needs  of  the  occasion,  thus  greatly  preseiTing  the  life  and 
durability  of  the  records.  These  are  exclusive  features  of 
the  Duplex  and  can  not  be  had  upon  any  other  make  ot 
phonograph.  Plays  all  sizes  and  jnakes  of  disc  records. 
Our  Fr^e  Catalogue  explains  everytbio^,^ 

Patterson   St.,    Kalamazoo,   Mich, 


RUNNING  WATER  IN  YOUR  COUNTRY  HOMg       No  Attention       No  Expense 

RIFE  AUTOMATIC  HYDRAULIC  RAM 

I..ar«e  Plants  for  Tow^iis,  Institutions,  Railroad  Tanks.  Water 
Pumijecl  by  Water  Power  for  IRRIGATION.  No  Wearing  Parts. 
Runs  Contiuuoasly.    Automatic. 

Operates  with  18  inches  fall.    Elevates  water  30  feet 
for  each  foot  fall.     80  per  cent,  efficiency  developed 

OVElt    6,000    Ix\    .'SlCCESSFUIi    OPERATION 

Our  specialty  is  equipping  country  places  with  complete  sys- 
tem   water   work,  extending   to   Stable,   Greenhouses,  Lawns, 
Fountains,  and  Formal  Gardens. 
,^—  Cat((loo\ie  and  Estimntfis  Free. 

RIFE    AUTOMATIC    RAM    CO.,  2183  Trinity   Bidg..   New  York. 


RUBLIC  NOXICExo  the-TRADE: 

Write  us  for  free  copy  of  the  decision  of  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  of 
Appeals  reversing  the  decision  restricting  sale  of  Duplicating  Ink  to 
persons  using  Rotary  Neostyle  :  :  :  :  :  : 

the:   L.I  in  EOGR  a  RH   J^X^  DURLtOAXOR 

M;ike-!  1,1  00  perfect  lopies,  rosts  100  per  cent.  !•  ss  than  similnr  dujili.  ators,  and  h>s  no  license 
ri-sti  ctions.  Don't  buy  any  duplicato-  rv.\\  v  ou  have  seen  the  Lineograph.   Write  for  Circular. 


^^oiABvuHtoa^'l  THE  UNEOGRAPH  COMPANY     -     112  Fulton  St,  NEW  YORK 


WHEN  YOU  PATRONIZE  THE 

ADVERTISERS,  KINDLY  MENTION 

THE  WORLD  ALMANAC. 

856 


$513  CXEAR  PROFIT  IN  51  DAYS  FROM  AN  INVESTMENT  OF  $150 

-O  9  0  Is  the  result  from  the  oper- 

ation of  one  American  Box 
Ball  Alley  in  Sullivan,  Ind. 
Why  not  go  into  this  business 
yourself?     It  is  the  most  prac- 
tical and  popular  bowling  game 
in  existence.    It  will  make  big  money 
in  any  town.  These  alleys  pay  from  $25.00 
to  $65,00  each,  per  week.     This  is  no  gambling 
device,  but  a  splendid  bowling  game  for  amusement 
and  physical  exercise.  Liberally  patronized  by  the  best 
people  of  both  sexfs.   Quickly  installed,  conveniently  porta- 
ble.   iVo  pin  boy  needud.    Receipts  are  nearly  all  profit.     More 
than  3,000  already  sold.    We  sell  on  payments  and  our  catalog  is  free.  "Write  for  Cataloo. 

AMERICAN  BOX  BALl^  COMPANY,  Putentees.  1900  Van  Buren  Street,  Indtanapolts,  Ind. 


Buys  the  Best 


Incubator 


120-Egg 

$4.35  Buys  the  Best  lOO-Cbick  Brooder 

Both  Incubator  and  Brooder,  ordered  together,  cost  but  S 1 1  •00«  Freight 
Prepaid  East  of  Rociiie^.  Incubator  is  double  walled  all  over,  copp'^r 
tank  and  boiler,  hot-water  heat,  self  regulator,  nursery, high  legs,  glass  door. 
Brooder  is  the  only  double  wailed  hot  water  brooder  made.  No  machines 
at  any  price  are  better.  Write  for  our  book  to-day.  or  send  the  price  now 
under  our  guarantee  and  save  waiting.     Satisfactiou  Gnaraiite^'d. 

BELLE  CITY  INCUBATOR  CO.,  BOX  45,   RACINE,  WIS. 


Ever 
Made 


Rl  ELG  ER'S 

Monogram     Whiskey 

Purity  and  age  guarantee  Good  Whiskey.  Rieger's  Monogram  is  ab- 
solutely pure  and  wholesome,    (juaraiiteed  under  the    Pure  Food 

LaM'S.  Its  exquisite,  smooth,  me!  low  flavor  has  made  it  a  lasting  favor- 
it«  with  over  100,000  satisfied  customers.  We  are  U.  S.  Registered  Dis- 
tillers (Distillery  Ko.  360,  5th  Dist.  of  Ky.)  Why  poy  exhorbitant  prices, 
when  you  can  buy  Rieger's  Monogram  Whiskey  at  the  regular  wholesale 
dealer's  price  and  save  money  by  ordering  your  goods  shipped  direct  ? 

WE  PREPAY  ALL.  EXPRESS  CHARGES 


RIEGERS 


JRIECER&CO 


8 
4 


Qts.  RIEGER'S    $ 
MONOGRAM  ^ 

PRIVATE  STOCK 

Qfs.  RIEGER'S    $ 
MONOGRAM^ 

EXTRA    FINE 


FREE  WITH 
EACH  ORDER 

Two  s.'iiiiple  bottles  of 
Rieger's  Kiiie  Mono- 
gram Whiskey.  Gold- 
tipped  Whiskey  Gla&s 
and  P.Tteni  C>rkscrew. 


No  Marks  on  Packages  to  Indicate  Contents 

Send  us  an  order,  and  when  you  get  the  Whiskey,  test  it  for  flavor, 
smoothness,  and  all  the  essentials  of  GOOD  Whiskey.  Compare  it  with 
otlipr  Whihkies  (no  matter  what  the  price);  test  it  for  medicinal  pur- 
po'ses;  let  your  friends  try  it :  use  half  of  it  if  necessary  to  satisfy  your- 
self on  these  points— then  if  you  are  not  thoroughly  convinced  that 
"Rieger's  Monogram  "  is  as  good  as  any  Whiskey  you  ever  drank,  return 
the  balance  to  us.  and  we  will  pay  return  charges  and  at  once  send  you 
every  cent  of  your  money. 

J.  RIEQER   &   CO.   'M%SSB%n^,''^S* 


857 


Until  yon  u=e  one, 

it  looks  a  lot  like  an 

ordinary     pen,    but 

prominent   business     men   all     -.^.     ^^.^ 

country  take  the  trouble  to  write  us  tbat 

they  think  it  is  unlike  any  other  pen  in  the  world, and 

thank  us  for  calling  i  I  to  their  attention. 

This  pen  will  save  you  dollars  worth  of  annoyance  every  month,  and 

give  you  ease  and  comfort  and  satisfaction.    Send  vour  office  boy  to  the 

stationer's  for  a  b'lx  of   ''Cannon  Bails."     We  will   send  samples   free 

to  any  business  man. 

7i.  L,  S71LOMON  &  CO.,  3U5  Broadway,  New  York  Qity. 


HAT'S  how  far  the  average  husl- 
*    ness  man  pushes  a  pen    point— 
a  mile  a  month,     it  makes  a  whole 
lot  of  difference  if  you  use  a  speedy 
pen  that  never  hitches  or  stumhles, 
never  catches  or  splutters— a  pen 
that  will  travel  faster  than  you  can 
steer    it.     Aluminoid    is   a    firm, 
smooth  metal   that  never  rusts  or 
corrodes,  and  it  makes  a  pen 
that  glides  over  the  paper 
as  if  it  had  wings.  Aiumi 
noid   No.  13  we  call 
the    "Cannon  Bail." 
l)ecause  it  is  so 
fast.      It  Writes 
on  anything,  and 
lasts  until  the  metal  ac- 
tually wears  out. 


TRIAL  OF 
TREAT- 
MENT 


RUPTURE 
CURED 


We  want  every  ruptured  sufferer  to-write 
us  for  a  FREE  *  TRIAL  of  Treatment."  end 
illustrated  book,  we  want  to  "SHOW  YOU" 
that  the  PLASTER-PADS  will  CURE  Rup- 
ture QUICKLY  and  PERMANENTLY.    Ex- 
perience has  taught  every  ruptured  person 
thatthe  truss  will  not  cure,  and  every  treatment  which 
has  here- to-fore  been  offered  to  ruptured  people,  has  been 
nothing  more  or  less  than  a  TRUSS  IN  DISGUISE. 

Pr.  W.  P.  Markland.  Cuba,  111.,  writes —"Your  PLASTRR- 

PADS  are  the  best  all  round  treatment  for  rupture  1  have  ever 

experimented  with,  and  1  can't  think  how  many  I  have  tried." 

Mrs.  J.  C.  Stover.  Glen  Rock,  Pa.— was  cured  in  thirty  days  by 

the  PLASTEK-PADS  after  trving  nmny  other  treatments. 

Mr.  Fred  Stebbins,  Carthage,  Mo.,  writes:— The  PLASTER- 
PADS  are  by  far  the  -greatest  tiding  ever  invented  for 
rupture." 

RUPTUnK  CURED  BY  STUART'S  PLASTEft  PADS  means  a 
PERMANENT  CUKE.  ABSOLUTELY  GUARANTKED  and  you  do 
away  with  the  painful  Irritating  unsatisfactory  tniss  alto- 
gether. No  BL'CKLES-no  STRAPS— no  SPRINGS.  Adherer 
closely  to  body,  holds  the  ruptuie  IN  PLACE  and  cures  the 
most  obstinate  cases.  Ea.^ily  applied— soft  as  velvet — willnol 
irritate  or  blister  most  delicate  skin.  Only  SHORT  TIME  re- 
quired for  PER.M  AN  E  TCURE.  Has  cured  thousands,  on  our 
OUARANTEE.    If  YOU  wish  to  be  cured.  WRITE  AT  ONCE  to 


STUART  PLASTER-PAD  CO.  mp'r  99.  St.  louis,Mo. 


858 


THE  CLASSIFIED  DEPARTMENT 


THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  ADDENDA 

A  list  of  reliable  and  enterprising  Individuals  and  firms  who 
guarantee  to  give  you  the  best  of  anything  In  each  special  line 


Abdominal  Supporters. 


Abdominal  Supportei-s,  Elastic  Stockings, 
etc.,  Trusses,  Suspensories,  and  effective 
Shoulder  Braces       See  pases  84  4  and  85  5, 

J.    C.   SCHNOTER   CO.. 
Estab.    1S70.      52?,   Sixth  Ave..  N'ew  York. 


Addresslns 


RAPID    ADD'RESSING    MACHINE    CO. 
Dun    Building. 

29  0    Broadway, 

New    York. 


Artesian  Weils. 


ISAAC  H.  FORD,  2  0  years'  experience. 
Contractor  for  Artesian  Wells  (from  4  0  to 
2.500  feet).  Soundings  made  for  Foun- 
dations. Test  Borings  for  Water.  No.  lOS 
Fulton  Street,  New  York.  Telephone  574  5 
John.      Cable  address  "Drof." 


Artificial  Eyes. 


Artificial  eyes  made  to  order.  Large 
stock  on  hand.  Supply  all  eye  infirmaries 
of  Greater  New  York  and  vicinity.  Terms 
leasorable.  Write  for  particulars.  Estab- 
lished 185  3.  MAGER  &  GOUGELMANN, 
3  04   E.    12th   St..  New  York. 

Assajers     and     Chemists. 

RICKETTS    &    BANKS. 

Assayers    and    Chem-ists, 

104   John  "St..    N.    Y.    City. 
Tests   of   Ores,    Metals,    Minerals,   Waters 
and  other  Materials.    Examination  of  Mines. 

Autographic  Registers. 

Autographic  Registers,  Manifold  Books 
and  Loose-Leaf  Systems.  Most  modem 
and  practical.  Write  or  call,  AUTO- 
GRAPHIC REGISTER  CO.,  New  York 
Salesroom.  44  E.  23d  St.  Phone.  1774 
Grarnercy.  Factory  10th  and  Clinton  Sts., 
Hoboken. 


Automobile    Repairs. 


IRA  F.  TRAUTMAN— Steam  vulcanizing:. 
All  makes  of  automobile  tires  and  tubes 
vulcanized.  13  1  Sixth  Ave..  Brooklyn. 
N.  Y.,  two  blocks  from  Flatbush  Ave. 
Telephone.    4529    Prospect. 

Bankers   and  Brokers. 

CESARE    CONTI. 
Letters  of  Credit.     Appointed   and   author- 
ized correspondent  of  the  Bank   of  Naples. 
Est.    1884.      35    Broadway.    New   York. 
Importer   of   Chianti   Wines   and   Olive   Oil. 


Books  and  Instructions. 


The  world  wants  the  man  who  can.  If 
you  can  write  attractive  show  cards  you 
are  many  dollars  ahead  of  the  fellow  who 
can't.  Davids'  Practical  Letterer  teaches 
you  how.  Postpaid  to  any  address  for 
$1.00.  THADDEUS  DAVIDS,  127  William 
St.,    New   York. 


Business    Opportu-^ities. 

PRINTING—  5,000         circulars,  Gx9, 

$3.50.  500  letter-heads,  envelopes,  or 
business  cards.  $1.  100  magazines,  2  0 
nages,  $2;  1,0  0  0.  $10.  1.000  post  cards 
from  photo  or  drawing.  $4.  Write  for 
samples.  WALTER  &  CO.,  3  7  and  3  9 
Dean  St.,   Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

HIGH-CLASS  promoter  wanted,  who  can 
interest  men  with  big  capital  in  develop- 
'rr.  ent  enterprise  at  mouth  of  Columbia 
River.  John  H.  Whyte.  Mgr..  Chamber  of 
Commerce,   Room    1,    Astoria,   Oregon. 

Cameras   and   Lenses. 

We  are  headquarters  in  buying,  selling 
and  exchanging  second-hand  Camera^'  and 
Lenses.  Have  a  full  line  of  the  latest 
Kodaks,  Century,  Premo  and  Grafl'^x 
Cameras,  always  on  hand;  also  supplio«i. 
Write  for  bargain  list.  GLOECKNER.  & 
NEWBY    CO..    171    Broadway.    New    York. 

Cameras  and  Lenses — Kodaks,  Premo:^, 
Pocos.  and  a  number  of  other  makes  al- 
ways on  hand  at  lowest  prices.  Send 
stamp  for  "Bargain  List."  NEW  YORK 
CAMERA  EXCHANGE.  Dept.  A,  114  Ful- 
ton  St..    New  York  City.   N.   Y. 

Car   Lighting. 

THE  SAFETTY  CAR  HEATING  &  LIGHT- 
ING COMPANY,  2  Rector  St..  New  York 
City.  The  new  mantle  lamp  increases  il- 
lumination fourfold  with  the  sa;me  con- 
sumption of  gas — a  revolution  in  car  light- 
ing. ^^____ 

Carpet   Cleaning. 

CAREFUL    CARPET    CLEANING    CO., 
419.     421     and     423     E.     48th    St.,     1558 
Broadway.     Carpets  cleaned  by  compressed 
air,    by   steam,    by    hand,    or    on    the    floor. 
Coe    &    Brandt.    Proprietors.      Tel.     132-38. 


Cemeteries. 


8 


THE     WOODLAWN    CEMETERY. 
Borough     of    the     Bronx.      Lots     $125    up. 
Write   for   Descriptive   Booklet,   or  by  re- 
quest a  representative  will   caU.    Telephone 
connection. 

Office.    20    East    2'3d   St.,    New    York. 
59 


—   .r 


THE  CLASSIFIED   DEPARTMENT 


THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  ADDENDA 

A  list  Of  reliable  and  enterprising  individuals  and  firms  who 
guarantee  to  give  you  tne  best  of  anything  In  each  special  line 


Chemicals. 


GEO.    A.    IRKEXBRACH    CO.. 
Mfgr.    Chemists.    115    Maiden    Lane.    N.    T. 
Chemicals  for  the  Arts.  Photographic  and 
Medicinal.       Buenos   Ayres   Hide   Poison    in 
Paste. 


Chinese  and  Japanese  Goods. 


n    m 


Sun  Kim  Lung  Co.,  Exporters  and  Im- 
porters of  Fine  Teas,  China  "Ware.  Fancy 
Silk  and  Dry  Goods,  Silk  Shawls.  Silk 
Handkerchiefs,  all  kinds  of  China  Ware 
and  Japanese  Goods.  No  21  Pell  Street, 
New   York   City.    N.   "X 

Chinese  Restaurant. 


m    « 


*!)    m 


CHINESE  TUXEDO  RESTAURANT,  2 
Doyers  St..  Chatham  Sq.,  N.  T.  City. 
Highest  art  of  Chinese  cooking.  To  have 
a  supper  in  our  restaurant  is  like  spendin.g 
a   night   in   China. 


Cigars. 

A.  SCHULTE, 
Imported  Key  West  and  Domestic  Cigars, 
World  Bldg..  39  Park  Row,  150  Broad- 
way. 14  65  Broadway.  4  9  Cortlandt,  2  5  5 
Broadway.  Nassau  and  Ann  Sts.,  Maiden 
Lane    and   Nassau   "St.,    and    branches. 


Clocks. 


sau    St..    N.    Y. 
all    Watchmen's 


A  Cleveland  Magneto 
AMERICAN  WATCH- 
MAN'S CLOCK  will  Save 
enough  INSURANCE  to 
Pay  for  Itself  in  a  short 
time.  Costs  nothing  to 
maintain.  Examined  and 
Approved  by  National 
Fire  Protection  Associa- 
tion. Send  for  Prices  and 
Catalogue  W  to  PETTES  & 
RANDALL   CO.,    150   Nas- 

Repairs   and  Supplies    for 

Clocks. 


Coffee. 


TRY    MY    "43"    BLEND    COFFEE. 
None     better     Imported;     3  5     cents      per 
pound-   Oallanan'3   Magazine  and  price  list 
mailed     on     request.      L.     J.     CAL1.ANAN, 
41-43   Vesey  St..    New  York  City.    ^ 


Collections. 


R.    G.   DUN  &   CO., 

Dun  Building, 

29  0    Broadway, 

New   York. 


Detective  Agrencies. 


FULLER'S  N.  Y.  DETECTIVE  BUREAU. 
A  service  for  bankers,  lawyers,  corpora- 
tions, firms  and  individuals.  Agents  in 
principal  cities  of  America,  and  Europe. 
Est.  1870.  Tel.  1064  Stuyvesant.  J.  M. 
FULLER,  Principal,  866  Broadway,  New 
York  City. 


LUISI  DETECTIVE  AGENCY— Gerardo 
Luisi.  Chief;  Frank  A,  Luisi.  Supt.  Corre- 
spondents in  all  parts  of  the  world.  De- 
tective work  in  all  its  branches.  AH  com- 
munications confidential.  LICENSED  AND 
BONDED.  5  3-63  Park  Row.  Suite  33, 
World  Bldg..  N.  Y.  City.  Phone.  27  85 
Beekman.     Night   Call.    905    Tremont. 


Established  187  0.  NEWCOME'S  DE- 
TECTIVE BUREAU.  8th  floor,  World 
Bldg..  New  York  City.  All  matters  re- 
ceive personal  supervision  of  Louis  A. 
Newcome.  late  Inspector  U.  S.  Post-Office 
Department.  Cable  address.  Newtective. 
Telephones.  1730  Beekman,  533  River- 
side. 

V/ESTLOTORN'S  DETECTIVE  AGENCY. 
Civil  and  criminal.  Thoroughly  compe- 
tent male  or  female  operatives  sent  to  ail 
parts  of  the  world.  ALBERT  E.  V.'EST- 
LOTORN.  Principal,  late  of  Police  Depart- 
ment. 229  Broadway.  Telephone,  1581 
Cortlandt,      Established    1890. 

Dies   and   Special   Machinery. 

AUGUST  W.  HOLMBERG.  4  6  Gold  St.. 
New  York.  Expert  Millwright  and  Ma- 
chinist. Manufacturer  of  Dies.  Tools  and 
Special  Machinery.  Experimental  Work 
strictly    confidential. 


Electric   Sigrns. 


ELECTRIC    SIGN 


EMPIRE    ELECTRIC    SIGN    CO. 

Office    and    Factory:      162-164    E.     118th 

St..    New   York.     Tel.    311    Harlem. 

860 


THE  CLASSIFIED  DEPARTMENT 


THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  ADDENDA 

A  list  of  reliable  and  enterprising  individuals  and  firms  who 
guarantee  to  give  you  the  Dest  of  anything  in  each  special  line 


Felt. 


AMERICAN    FELT    COMPANY. 

Manufacturers     of    Every    Description 

of  Felt. 

110    and    112    East    13th    St..    New    York. 

Telephone,    19  70    18th. 


Financial. 


6  PER  CENT.  FIRST  MORTGAGE 
GOLD  BONDS,  of  a  prosperous  Lig^ht  and 
Power  Coirt.pany  in  Vermont.  Property  has 
cost  about  twice  this  issue  of  bonds. 
Write  for  circular.  H.  B.  POWELL.  &' 
CO..    Woodstock.    Vt.     _ 


Fireworks. 


THE  PAIX  MANUFACTURING  CO., 
Manufacturers  of  Pain's  Manhattan  Beach 
Fireworks.  I'ubHc  and  Private  Displays- 
Fireworks  at  wholesale  and  retail.  No.  12 
Park    Place,    New    Yurk. 


"Hernia''  Trusses,  Obesity  Belts.  Etc. 


For  true  truss  fittinsr.  belts  for  corpu- 
lency and  kidney  troubles,  elastic  stock- 
ings for  varicose  veins,  crutches,  jockey 
straps,  etc.,  consult  A.  PARKS  BLACK, 
G.     M..     Expert     Suspensorist.     523     Sixtli 


Ave.,   New  York, 
8 no   and   S.^.2. 


U.   S.   A.      See  pages   84  7 


Homeopathic    Pharmacies. 

"BELL'S"  HOMEOPATHIC  PHAR- 
MACY, removed  to  7. "5  Church  St.  Family 
Medicine  Chests.  Bell's  Guide  to  Health, 
free.  Bell's  Pile  Remedy:  relief  immedi- 
ately; cure  guaranteed;  $1.00.  Send  for 
particulars.  Advice  free.  Note  new  ad- 
dress.   , 


Hotel   Directory. 


BRESLIN — ^Broadway  and  2  9  th  St., 
New  York.  r^OO  Rooms,  350  baths.  Rates: 
European  p'an,  single  rooms.  $1.50  and 
unward;  with  bath.  $2.50  and  upward. 
Breslin    Hotel    Co.,    proprietors. 

LONGACRE— 157-163  W.  4  7th.  A  hotel 
on  the  order  of  a  club,  exclusively  for 
bachelors.  Room,  with  "  private  bath, 
from  $1.50  per  day  upward.  H.  R.  Shares. 

BROZTELT. — Fifth  Avf».  and  2  7th  St. 
Nfw.  fireproof.  One  blo^k  from  Madison 
Squarp  (Jar.-icn  and  Broadway.  25  0  rooms, 
each  with  bath.  $2.  $2.50  and  $3.  Frank 
■\.    Brobst. 

WESTMINSTER— Irving  Place  and  16th 
"St  2  50  rooms.  7  5  baths.  Rates.  $1.00 
up    with  bath.   $2.00.    O.   H.  Foster. 

861 


Insurance   Brokers. 


STEWART    &    HENCKEN. 
Insurance    Brokers. 

5  2    Broadway. 
Telephone.    4  7  42    Broad. 

Kennels. 


New    York. 


STIRLING  KENNELS— Breeders  of  reg- 
istered Scotch  Collies.  Boston  Terriers, 
Pomeranians  and  Japanese  Spaniels.  New 
Market,     N.     J. 


Lame  People. 


The  Perfection  Exten- 
sion Shoe  makes  both 
leet  loolc  alike.  Made  on 
approval.      Booklet    free. 


Style 


HENRY    A.    LOTZ. 
313    Third    Ave.. 
New    York. 


New  Style. 


Extension  Shoes  for 

short  limis   m.de   to  meet 

th- indivii'.ual  requiieinentg 

Write  for  p-irticulars,    Dis- 

t.Tnce  no    barrier. 

-^■^^"^^^^■^^■^■"^^^■^^^^^^^^^^ 

A.     W.     SINN,     Extension     Shoe 

turer,    2  6    Cottage    St.,    Newark. 


Manufac- 
N.    J. 


Lighting. 


Acetylene  Generators.  Burners  and  Spe- 
cialties for  every  purpose:  Homes,  Halls. 
Town  Plants.  Mines.  Contractors.  Public 
Buildings.  Camps,  Exhibitions.  Projections. 
Write,  stating  conditions  and  require- 
'irents  and  we  will  send  catalogue  and 
prices.  JOHN  SIMMONS  CO..  104-110 
Centre    St.,   New  York. 


Medical. 


S.  A.  BROWN  PHARMACY.  28  and  30 
Fulton  "St..  New  York.  Nott's  Rheumatic 
Balm,  the  most  effectual  medicine  ever 
prepared  for  imme'^'ate  relief  of  Chronic 
or  Inflammatory  Rheumatism,  no  matter 
how  long  standing.  Benefits  may  be  real- 
ized  in   less  than   12    hours. 


Medical    Batteries. 


Medical  Batteries  for  home  use  and  for 
the  use  of  physicians.  Wholesale  and  re- 
tail. All  supplies  furnished.  PERCY  G. 
WILLIAMS,  Manufacturer.  Office  and 
salesroo-ms:  5  and  6  Barclay  Street.  New 
York. 


THE  CLASSIFIED   DEPARTME.MT 


THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  ADDENDA 

A  list  Of  reliable  and  enterprising  Individuals  and  firms  who 
guarantee  to  give  you  the  best  of  anything  In  each  special  line 


Mercantile  Agencies. 


K.   G.  DUN  &  CO.. 

Dun  Building, 

2  90    Broadway. 

New    York, 


Metal   Ceiling:s. 


BMI^^/^Jg^ 


Side  Wa'.ls  and  Wainscoting.  Classified 
Designs,  Large  Stock,  Quick  Service.  2'2d 
St.  and  11th  Ave,  New  York.  Phone. 
56  5  6    Gramercy. 

New  Publications. 

"ONE  OF  THE  PEOPLE."  (H.  E. 
Hayes.  Hackensack,  N.  J.)  3S2  p.  Post- 
paid. $1.5  0.  Better  than  any  novel. 
Young  and  old  are  interested.  Not  a  dull 
line.  Send  to  B.  B.  PORTER,  Colton, 
Cal.;   or,    HAYES,    as   above. 

Old   Gold   and    Silver. 

Worn-Out  Gold   and  Silver  EKJught  by 
R.    LONGMAN'S   SONS, 

Gold   and   Silver   Refiners, 

8    John    Street,    New    York. 


Olive  Oil. 

Don't  forget  that  my  Eclipse  Brand  of 
Virgin  dive  Oil  is  absolutely  pure;  an- 
alysis by  Agricultural  Bureau.  Washing- 
ton, showing  absolute  purity  in  Callanan's 
Magazine,  mailed  on  request.  L.  J.  CAL- 
LANAN,    41-43    Vesey   St..    N.    Y.    City. 


Packing:  Boxes. 


P.  RYAN.  Dealer  in  all  kinds  of  Old 
and  New  Packing  Cases,  Sawdust  and 
Box  Straps.  Established  1850.  Office: 
109  Reade  St.  Yards:  Morton  and  Wash- 
ington Sts.,  New  York.  Telephone,  500 
Wortli. 


Patents. 


PATENTS  THAT  PROTECT— Careful, 
honest  work  in  every  case.  Long  experi- 
ence, highest  references.  A  64-page  book 
sent  free.  FITZGER.\LD  &  CO..  Patent 
Lawyers.  Departipent  9  5.  Washington 
D.   C. 

8G 


Patent   Lawyers. 


EDWARD    S.    BEACH. 

ATTORNEY    AND    COUNSELLOR 

AT    LAW. 

Patent,    Trademark    and    Copyright    Cases. 

60   "Wan    Street,    New   York. 


Pianos. 


A  USED  PIANO  of  a  good  make  will 
outlast  10  cheap  new  pianos:  we  sel;  used 
pianos  of  standard  makes  from  $125  up: 
deliverv  free  anvwhere-  easy  terms.  Write 
for  bargain  list.  PEASE'S  PIANO 
HOUSE,  128  West  4  2d  St..  New  York 
City. 


Postage  Stamps. 


Unused  U.  S.  postage  stamps  bought  in 
any  quantity.  Consignments  of  postage 
stamps  can  be  made  and  drawn  for  at 
sight,  less  commission  agreed  upon.  Con- 
tracts (yearly)  imade  with  mail  order 
houses,  newspapers  and  publishers  to  buy 
their  surplus  postage  stamps.  ALFRED 
A.  ISAACS,  lOOl  Broad  Exchange  Bldg., 
2  5    Broad    St.,    New   York   City. 


Printing:  Presses. 


tory 


Do  Your    Own    Printing 

$5.00  press  prints,  cards,  labels, 
^etc.     Circular,    book,    newspaper 
press   $18.  Money  saver,  maker. 
All   easy,   rules   sent.  Write  fac- 
press    catalop.     type,     paper,    etc. 
THE  PRESS  CO..   Meriden,   Conn. 


Keal    Estate. 


HASBROUCK    HEIGHTS,    N.    J. 

HOUSE'S    TO    SELL    ON   EASY    TERMS. 

$4,000.00     to     $6,000.00. 
Ten  per   cent.    cash.      Balance   monthly. 

C.    R.   VON  EGLOFFSTEI.X, 
2  57    Broadway,    New  York   City. 


Real   Estate — Farm    Property. 

5,000  Money-Making  Fanrr.s  for  sale,  5 
to  5  00  acres.  $5  to  $100  an  acre;  14 
States;  Buyer's  railroad  fare  paid  up  to 
1,000  miles.  Please  write  what  State 
you  wish  to  know  about.  Illustrated  "List 
No.  19,"  describing  improved,  productive 
farms,  with  reliable  infornaation  of  prod- 
ucts, markets,  climate,  etc..  mailed  free 
by  Dept.  A-16.  E.  A.  STROUT  COMPANY, 
150  Nassau  St.,  New  Yoik. 
•2 


THE  CLASSIFIED  DEPARTMENT 


THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  ADDENDA 

A  list  of  reliable  and  enterprising  Individuals  and  firms  who 
guarantee  to  give  you  the  best  of  anything  in  each  special  lino 


Schools  and   Colleges. 


THE  MITCHELL  MILITARY  BOYS' 
SCHOOL,  BILLERICA.  MASS.— A  thor- 
oughly modern  military  home  school.  Twen- 
ty miles  froim  Boston.  Boys  admitted  8 
to  16,  inclusive.  Special  matron  for 
younger  boys.  Limited  to  fifty.  Terms, 
$G00  per  year.  Catalogue  sent  upon  re- 
auest.       M.   C.    MITCHELL.    Principal. 

KIXGSLEY  SCHOOL  for  Boys.  Essex 
Fells,  N.  J.,  prepares  for  College  Scientific 
Schools  and  Business.  2  2  miles  from  New 
York.  500  feet  elevation.  Large  gym- 
nasium, running  track,  diamond  and  tennis 
court.  Thorough  work  in  small  classes. 
Illustrated  catalosiie  with  full  description 
sent  on  application  to  JAMES  R.  CAMP- 
BELL, Headmaster,  Box  A,  Essex  Fells, 
N.    J. 

NEW  JERSEY  MILITARY  ACADEMY, 
FREEHOLD.  N.  J.,  prepares  for  college  or 
business.  Special  department  in  separate 
building    for    auite    young    boys. 

COL.  C.  J.  WRIGHT,   A.  M.,   Principal. 

COLLEGE    FOR    WOMEN. 

For    information    apply   to 

MISS   E.    E.    McCLINTOCK. 

Columbia,    South    Carolina. 

-GLENDALE  COLLEGE.  For  Women. 
15  miles  from  Cincinnati.  C,  H.  &  D. 
R.  R.  and  Suburban  Traction  Co.  Home 
and  education.  Beauty  and  healthfulness 
of  country.  Advantages  and  privileges  of 
city.  Liberal  courses.  College  certificate 
privileges.  Art.  Music.  Elocution.  MISS 
R.  J.  DE  VORE,  A.  M..  Pres..  Glendale, 
Ohio. 


Special   Sheet   and  Metal   Workers. 

MACHINE  PANS  AND  GUARDS, 
TANKS,  BRASS  WASTE  CANS. 

SPECIAL   SHEET    METAL   WORK 
of  every   description,  made  from"  blue  prints. 
All    kinds    of   Jobbing    done. 

Estimates     on     application. 
E.  BEIIRINGER.    45  Fulton  St.,  New  York. 

stamp    Collections. 

1,000    Stamps    at    One    Cent    each. 

Price    List    Free. 

ARARAT    STAMP    CO., 

45     Beaver    St..  New    York. 

Ail   kinds    of    Stamps   bought. 


Storage    Warehonses. 


Columbia  Warehouses,  Columbus  Ave., 
OGth  to  G7th  "St.  Office.  149  Columbus 
Ave.  Telephone.  297  7  Columbus.  The 
New  ColuinWa,  9  0th  St.  and  Amsterdam 
Ave.     Unsurpassed  facilities.     Silver  vaults. 


Telegraphy. 


TELEGRAPHY  TAUGHT  in  the  shortest 
time.  The  Omnigraph  Automatic  Trans- 
mitter combined  with  standard  key  and 
sounder.  Sends  you  telegraph  messages  at 
any  speed  just  as  an  expert  operator  would. 
5  styles.  $2  up;  circular  free.  OMNIGRAPH 
MFG.   CO.,    3  9M,   Cortlandt   St..   New   York. 


Typewriters. 


Typewriters  bought,  repaired,  sold.  Rem- 
ington, Hammond,  Franklin,  Densmore, 
New  Century,  etc..  $15.00  up.  Under- 
wood, Oliver.  No.  0  Remington,  $35.00  up. 
EAGLE  TYPEWRITER  CO.,  Suite  4  0  7. 
23  7     Broadway.     New     York.       Telephone: 


2566    Cortiandt. 


IF  YOU  ARE  INTERESTED  in  Type- 
writers, we  can  tell  you  how  to  save  2  5 
to  7  5  per  cent.  All  makes,  SOLD, 
RENTED  and  REPAIRED.  Branches  in 
all  large  cities.  Send  for  catalogue  to 
•AMERICAN  WRITING  MACHINE  CO., 
3  45    Broadway.    New    York. 

Undertakers. 

THE  STEPHEN  MERRITT  BURIAL  CO.. 
Sth  Ave.  and  19th  St.  Tel.,  124  and  125 
Chelsea.  We  never  close.  Private  rooms 
and  chapels  free.  Positively  no  connection 
with  any  other  house.  Rev.  Stephen  Mer- 
ritt.  Pres.;  P.  W.  RadclifEe,  Vice-Pres. 
and    Mgr. 

A^ault   Lights. 


VAULT  AND  SIDEWALK  LIGHTS.- 

JACOB  MARK  "SONS. 

Patentees     and     Manufacturers     of     Vault 

Lights,     Sidewalk    Lights,     and    Reflecting 

Prisms    of    all    kinds. 

7    Worth  St..   New  York. 

Whiskey. 

FIFTY     CASES     RYE    WHISKEY, 
distilled     1893,     fourteen    years    old;    mel- 
lowed by  age;  absolutely  pure;  case,    $2  8; 
bottle,   $2.50. 

L.     J.     CALLANAN. 

41-43   Vesey   St..    New   York   City. 


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SCOTCH  WHISKY  DISTILLERS 

James  Buchanan  &  Co^  Ltd. 

29  BroadiLvay,  ^'ew  York 
ARTHUR  J.  BILLIN,  U.  s.  Manager 


864 


BOSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  9999  06175  350  3
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